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Gao M, Liu W, An X, Nie L, Du Z, Chen P, Liu X. Emission factors and emission inventory of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from hair products application in hair salons in Beijing through measurement. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 878:162996. [PMID: 36963673 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Hair products application in hair salons is a potential VOCs emission source. 139 representative hair salons were investigated and 88 hair products were sampled to establish VOC emission factors and emission inventory. VOC emission factors were 6.75 g/kg for shampoo, 43.55 g/kg for hair mask, 27.62 g/kg for hair oil, 52.44 g/kg for hair dye, 32.01 g/kg for perm cream, 54.08 g/kg for elastin, 156.40 g/kg for hair styling gel, 78.88 g/kg for hair clay, 70.25 g/kg for hair wax, and 447.88 g/kg for hair styling spray. VOC emissions from hair products application in hair salons in Beijing had increased from 362.77 t in 2011 to 393.40 t in 2020. Hair styling spray, hair dye, perm cream and hair mask were the four largest contributors to total emissions, together accounting for 93.68 %. The high VOC emissions and emission intensity mainly located in six central urban districts. The per capita VOC emissions were 0.018 kg VOCs/person/year in 2020. Projection indicates it can reduce VOC emissions by 9.72 % by 2030 compared with that in 2020 if the VOC content limit standard of hair products will be implemented, otherwise, VOC emissions keep raising, urgently needing VOC control measures in hair products application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiping Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Atmospheric Volatile Organic Compounds Pollution Control and Application, National Engineering Research Center of Urban Environmental Pollution Control, Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Eco-Environmental Protection, Beijing 100037, China.
| | - Wenwen Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Atmospheric Volatile Organic Compounds Pollution Control and Application, National Engineering Research Center of Urban Environmental Pollution Control, Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Eco-Environmental Protection, Beijing 100037, China.
| | - Xiaoshuan An
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Atmospheric Volatile Organic Compounds Pollution Control and Application, National Engineering Research Center of Urban Environmental Pollution Control, Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Eco-Environmental Protection, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Lei Nie
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Atmospheric Volatile Organic Compounds Pollution Control and Application, National Engineering Research Center of Urban Environmental Pollution Control, Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Eco-Environmental Protection, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Zhenxia Du
- College of chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Panjin Chen
- College of chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Atmospheric Volatile Organic Compounds Pollution Control and Application, National Engineering Research Center of Urban Environmental Pollution Control, Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Eco-Environmental Protection, Beijing 100037, China
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Ricklund N, Bryngelsson IL, Hagberg J. Occupational Exposure to Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), Including Aldehydes for Swedish Hairdressers. Ann Work Expo Health 2023; 67:366-378. [PMID: 36420746 PMCID: PMC10015803 DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxac078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Working as a professional hairdresser involves the daily usage of many different hair treatment products containing chemicals in complex mixtures. Exposure may induce symptoms in the airways and on the skin. In this study, exposure of hairdressers to volatile organic compounds (VOCs), including aldehydes, was measured in the personal breathing zone in the spring of 2017. The study included 30 hairdressers evenly distributed over ten hair salons in the town of Örebro, Sweden. Work tasks and indoor climate were also surveilled. A hazard index (HI) based on chronic reference values for health was calculated to indicate combined exposure risk. In total, 90 VOCs, including nine aldehydes, were identified. Individual exposure expressed as a total concentration of VOCs (TVOCs) were in the range of 50-3600 µg/m3 toluene equivalent (median 460 µg/m3) and the HI was in the range 0.0046-13 (median 0.9). Exposure was more strongly influenced by variability among hairdressers than among salons. The HI indicated an increased risk of non-carcinogenic effects (HI ≥ 1) at four of the 10 hair salons. Individual working procedures, ventilation, volumetric usage of hair treatment products, certain chemicals in products (formaldehyde, isopropanol, and 2,4- and 2,6-toluene diisocyanate), and availability of reference values may have affected estimates of exposure risks. Nevertheless, the HI may be suitable as a screening tool to assess potential exposure risk posed to hairdressers since it considers the complexity of chemical mixtures and the chronic component of VOC exposure occurring in all indoor environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Ricklund
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Faculty of Business, Science and Engineering, Örebro University, SE 70182 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Ing-Liss Bryngelsson
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Faculty of Business, Science and Engineering, Örebro University, SE 70182 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Jessika Hagberg
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Faculty of Business, Science and Engineering, Örebro University, SE 70182 Örebro, Sweden
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Vinnikov D, Romanova Z, Raushanova A, Beisbekova A, Vitale E, Bimuratova G, Rapisarda V. Exposure to Respirable Particulate Matter and Its Association with Respiratory Outcomes in Beauty Salon Personnel. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:ijerph20032429. [PMID: 36767795 PMCID: PMC9915914 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to assess exposure to respirable particulate matter (PM) of beauty salon personnel, identify its determinants and ascertain the associated respiratory effects. We collected 122 full-day respirable PM samples from 12 beauty salons (floor area ranging from 24 to 550 m3, staff from 4 to 8) in Almaty, Kazakhstan, taking 10 samples from each place using a portable SidePak AM520 monitor. We also assessed lifestyle (smoking, etc.), respiratory symptoms and health-related quality of life (HRQL) of the personnel using questionnaires. Out of 11,831 5-min data points, daily median respirable PM concentrations were highly variable and ranged from 0.013 to 0.666 mg/m3 with 8.5-times difference in the median concentrations between the venue with the highest median (0.29 mg/m3) and the least median (0.034 mg/m3). In a multivariate linear regression modelling, ambient PM2.5 concentration was the strongest predictor of daily median respirable PM concentration (beta 2.12; 95% CI 1.89; 2.39), and R2 of the model was 0.63. We also found a positive association of the median respirable PM with respiratory symptoms and seasonal allergy, but not with HRQL. Short-term respirable PM levels in the beauty salons may be very high, but the median concentrations are mainly determined by the ambient air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Vinnikov
- Environmental Health Laboratory, al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
- Occupational Health Risks Laboratory, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow 117198, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-705-2068036
| | - Zhanna Romanova
- Environmental Health Laboratory, al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
| | - Aizhan Raushanova
- Environmental Health Laboratory, al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
| | - Arailym Beisbekova
- Environmental Health Laboratory, al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
- Department of Nutrition, Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty 050012, Kazakhstan
| | - Ermanno Vitale
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Occupational Medicine, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Gulnar Bimuratova
- City Polyclinic #7 of the Public Health Department of Almaty, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
| | - Venerando Rapisarda
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Occupational Medicine, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy
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Kezic S, Nunez R, Babić Ž, Hallmann S, Havmose MS, Johansen JD, John SM, Macan M, Symanzik C, Uter W, Weinert P, Turk R, Macan J, van der Molen HF. Occupational Exposure of Hairdressers to Airborne Hazardous Chemicals: A Scoping Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19074176. [PMID: 35409860 PMCID: PMC8998463 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19074176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Exposure to hazardous chemicals released during hairdressing activities from hair care products puts hairdressers at risk of adverse health effects. Safety assessments of hair products are mainly focused on consumers, but exposure for professional hairdressers might be substantially higher. OBJECTIVE To identify and assess available research data on inhalation exposures of professional hairdressers. METHODS A systematic search of studies between 1 January 2000 and 30 April 2021 was performed in Medline, Embase, Web of Science and in Cochrane registry, toxicological dossiers of the Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (SCCS) of the European Commission as well as the German MAK Commission. Studies reporting quantitative data on airborne concentrations of chemicals in the hairdresser's workplace were considered. The outcome was an airborne concentration of chemicals in the working environment, which was compared, when possible, with current occupational exposure limits (OEL) or guidance levels. RESULTS In total, 23 studies performed in 14 countries were included. The average number of hairdressing salons per study was 22 (range 1-62). Chemicals most frequently measured were formaldehyde (n = 8), ammonia (n = 5), total volatile organic compounds (TVOC) (n = 5), and toluene (n = 4). More than fifty other chemicals were measured in one to three studies, including various aromatic and aliphatic organic solvents, hydrogen peroxide, persulfate, and particulate matter. Most studies reported environmental air concentrations, while personal exposure was measured only in seven studies. The measured air concentrations of formaldehyde, ammonia, and TVOC exceeded OEL or guidance values in some studies. There was large variability in measuring conditions and reported air concentrations differed strongly within and between studies. CONCLUSION Hairdressers are exposed to a wide spectrum of hazardous chemicals, often simultaneously. Airborne concentrations of pollutants depend on salon characteristics such as ventilation and the number of customers but also on used products that are often country- or client-specific. For exposure to formaldehyde, ammonia, and TVOC exceeding OELs or guidance values for indoor air was observed. Therefore, occupational exposure should be taken into account by safety regulations for hair care products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanja Kezic
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Coronel Institute of Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (R.N.); (H.F.v.d.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-205-665-321
| | - Roberto Nunez
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Coronel Institute of Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (R.N.); (H.F.v.d.M.)
| | - Željka Babić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, HR 10001 Zagreb, Croatia; (Ž.B.); (M.M.); (R.T.); (J.M.)
| | - Sarah Hallmann
- Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University of Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (S.H.); (W.U.)
| | - Martin S. Havmose
- National Allergy Research Centre, Department of Skin and Allergy, University of Copenhagen, Gentofte Hospital, 2900 Copenhagen, Denmark; (M.S.H.); (J.D.J.)
| | - Jeanne D. Johansen
- National Allergy Research Centre, Department of Skin and Allergy, University of Copenhagen, Gentofte Hospital, 2900 Copenhagen, Denmark; (M.S.H.); (J.D.J.)
| | - Swen M. John
- Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, Osnabrück University, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany; (S.M.J.); (C.S.)
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Dermatological Prevention and Rehabilitation (iDerm), Osnabrück University, 10777 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Marija Macan
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, HR 10001 Zagreb, Croatia; (Ž.B.); (M.M.); (R.T.); (J.M.)
| | - Cara Symanzik
- Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, Osnabrück University, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany; (S.M.J.); (C.S.)
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Dermatological Prevention and Rehabilitation (iDerm), Osnabrück University, 10777 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Wolfgang Uter
- Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University of Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (S.H.); (W.U.)
| | - Patricia Weinert
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Dermatological Prevention and Rehabilitation (iDerm), Osnabrück University, 10777 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Rajka Turk
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, HR 10001 Zagreb, Croatia; (Ž.B.); (M.M.); (R.T.); (J.M.)
| | - Jelena Macan
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, HR 10001 Zagreb, Croatia; (Ž.B.); (M.M.); (R.T.); (J.M.)
| | - Henk F. van der Molen
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Coronel Institute of Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (R.N.); (H.F.v.d.M.)
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Kitte SA, Bushira FA, Li H, Jin Y. Surface Bonding Enhanced Self-Co-Reactant Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence for Sensitive and Selective Detection of Thioglycolic Acid in Cosmetics. Chemistry 2021; 28:e202103724. [PMID: 34904284 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Thioglycolic acid (TGA) is an organic compound widely used in cosmetics that cause a variety of health problems when overexposed to it. So far many attempts have been made to develop methods for TGA detection, but most of them need sophisticated instrumentations and are a little bit complicated. Therefore, a simple, cheap and sensitive detection method of TGA is highly desired. Herein, we demonstrated for the first time an Au-S bonding amplified, highly sensitive electrochemiluminescence (ECL) sensing method for TGA detection using tris(2,2'-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) (Ru(bpy) 3 2+ ) as a luminophore and TGA as a self-co-reactant, via an anodic reaction at the Au electrode surface. Due to different molecular coordination environments of the TGA at the electrode surface, the ECL signal intensity of the developed ECL system gives much higher ECL signal in borate buffer than phosphate buffer of the same pH. Under the optimized experimental conditions, the ECL intensity has a direct relationship with the concentration of TGA in the range of 0.03 μM to 300 μM and a limit of detection of 0.013 µM (3σ/ m ). The reported ECL system has further been applied for the detection of TGA in cosmetics with acceptable recoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimeles Addisu Kitte
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences: Chang Chun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, CHINA
| | - Fuad Abduro Bushira
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences: Chang Chun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, CHINA
| | - Haijuan Li
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences: Chang Chun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, CHINA
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Assessment of Occupational Safety and Hygiene Perception among Afro-Caribbean Hair Salon Operators in Manchester, United Kingdom. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16183284. [PMID: 31500183 PMCID: PMC6766070 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16183284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Because of exposure to a number of potential health hazards within the work environment, hairstylists experience occupational diseases that include occupational asthma, skin conditions and musculoskeletal diseases. The paucity of studies assessing occupational safety and hygiene management among Afro-Caribbean hair salon operators in the UK promoted the study. QualtricsTM was used to assess the participants' perception of exposure to hair products and their personal safety and hygiene knowledge, attitudes, awareness, and risk perceptions at work. In five salons, indoor air quality was monitored over one working week for selected environmental pollutants: temperature, humidity, CO, CO2 and Total Volatile Organic Compounds (TVOCs) using a GrayWolf Direct Sense Indoor Air Quality-IAQ (IQ-610). The use of unflued gas heating to raise the indoor temperature was common among the salons' operators which explains the high carbon monoxide readings recorded. Itchy eyes and nose (44.4%) shoulder, neck and back pain (39.2%) were frequently reported. Age-stratified analysis of reported occupational ailments showed participants within an age bracket of 31-35 reported allergies (24%) and itchy eyes and nose (19.1%) as the most common of occupational ailments. Respiratory, skin and musculoskeletal symptoms ranked as major occupational ill-health experiences among the study population. The study outcome demonstrated that the type of activity and the hair products used play an important role in the level of pollutants in the working environment. The substitution of the more harmful hair products with safer alternatives is needed, as is the encouragement of health surveillance.
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Rivas I, Fussell JC, Kelly FJ, Querol X. Indoor Sources of Air Pollutants. INDOOR AIR POLLUTION 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/9781788016179-00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
People spend an average of 90% of their time in indoor environments. There is a long list of indoor sources that can contribute to increased pollutant concentrations, some of them related to human activities (e.g. people's movement, cooking, cleaning, smoking), but also to surface chemistry reactions with human skin and building and furniture surfaces. The result of all these emissions is a heterogeneous cocktail of pollutants with varying degrees of toxicity, which makes indoor air quality a complex system. Good characterization of the sources that affect indoor air pollution levels is of major importance for quantifying (and reducing) the associated health risks. This chapter reviews some of the more significant indoor sources that can be found in the most common non-occupational indoor environments.
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Chang CJ, Cheng SF, Chang PT, Tsai SW. Indoor air quality in hairdressing salons in Taipei. INDOOR AIR 2018; 28:173-180. [PMID: 28779498 DOI: 10.1111/ina.12412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
To improve indoor air quality and to protect public health, Taiwan has enacted the "Indoor Air Quality Act (IAQ Act)" in 2012. For the general public, the indoor air quality in hair salons is important because it is a popular location that people will often visit for hair treatments. However, only a few exposure assessments regarding air pollutants have previously been performed in hair salons. To assess the air quality of hairdressing environments in Taipei, ten hairdressing salons were included for a walk-through survey in this study. In addition, the airborne concentrations of formaldehyde, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), CO2 , and phthalate esters were also determined in 5 salons. Charcoal, XAD-2, and OVS-Tenax tubes were used for the air sampling, while the samples were analyzed with gas chromatography/mass spectrometer. It was found that the products used in hair salons contained various chemicals. In fact, from the walk-through survey, a total of 387 different ingredients were found on 129 hair product labels. The hair salons were not well ventilated, with CO2 levels of 600 to 3576 ppm. The formaldehyde concentrations determined in this study ranged from 12.40 to 1.04 × 103 μg m-3 , and the maximum level was above the permissible exposure limit (PEL) of US Occupational Safety and Health Administration (US OSHA). Additionally, 83% of the samples were with levels higher than the standard regulated by Taiwan's IAQ Act. The concentrations of VOCs and phthalate esters were below the occupational exposure limits (OELs), but higher than what was found in general residential environments. The hair products were considered as the major source of air pollutants because significantly higher concentrations were found around the working areas. The number of perming treatments, the number of workers, and the frequency of using formaldehyde releasing products, were found to be associated with the levels of formaldehyde. This study indicates that efforts are needed to improve the indoor air quality in hairdressing salons in Taipei.
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Affiliation(s)
- C-J Chang
- Institute of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - S-F Cheng
- Institute of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health, Ministry of Labor, Sijhih,Taipei, Taiwan
| | - P-T Chang
- Institute of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - S-W Tsai
- Institute of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Risques professionnels et grossesse dans les métiers de la coiffure et de l’esthétique : enquête auprès des médecins du travail sur leur pratique. ARCH MAL PROF ENVIRO 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.admp.2017.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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10
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Hamama WS, Ibrahim ME, Ghaith EA, Zoorob HH. Rational Design to Construct Pyridinonethiol and Its Annulated Frameworks of Expected Significant Antitumor Activity and Geometrical Optimizations. J Heterocycl Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.2756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wafaa S. Hamama
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of ScienceMansoura University Mansoura Egypt
| | - Mona E. Ibrahim
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of ScienceMansoura University Mansoura Egypt
| | - Eslam A. Ghaith
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of ScienceMansoura University Mansoura Egypt
| | - Hanafi H. Zoorob
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of ScienceMansoura University Mansoura Egypt
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Roy A, Sahoo R, Ray C, Dutta S, Pal T. Soft template induced phase selective synthesis of Fe2O3 nanomagnets: one step towards peroxidase-mimic activity allowing colorimetric sensing of thioglycolic acid. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra00963h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The peroxidase-mimicking property of the soft template mediated phase selective α- and γ-Fe2O3 magnetic nanoparticles allows colorimetric sensing for thioglycolic acid down to μM level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anindita Roy
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology
- Kharagpur 721302
- India
| | - Ramkrishna Sahoo
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology
- Kharagpur 721302
- India
| | - Chaiti Ray
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology
- Kharagpur 721302
- India
| | - Soumen Dutta
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology
- Kharagpur 721302
- India
| | - Tarasankar Pal
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology
- Kharagpur 721302
- India
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Nemer M, Sikkeland LIB, Kasem M, Kristensen P, Nijem K, Bjertness E, Skare Ø, Bakke B, Kongerud J, Skogstad M. Airway inflammation and ammonia exposure among female Palestinian hairdressers: a cross-sectional study. Occup Environ Med 2015; 72:428-34. [PMID: 25653315 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2014-102437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Little is known about the working conditions and airway inflammation in hairdressers in Palestine. We aimed to investigate if hairdressers in Palestine have a higher level of airway inflammation as compared to a control group. We also assessed the hairdressers' physical working conditions and exposure to ammonia gases at the hair salons. Lastly, we investigated the association between ammonia levels and inflammation markers in the airways and the blood. METHODS Our study participants were 33 non-smoking hairdressers (aged 19-50 years) and 35 non-smoking control subjects (aged 18-49 years). Both groups answered a questionnaire on respiratory symptoms, and performed lung function and exhaled nitric oxide (eNO) tests. Blood and sputum samples were collected from all participants and air concentration levels of ammonia were measured in 13 salons. RESULTS Hairdressers had a higher level of sputum neutrophil count (absolute numbers/mg sputum (median (25th-75th centiles)) compared to controls, 376 (183-980) and 182 (96-358), respectively. Hairdressers also had significantly elevated eNO and blood C reactive protein (CRP) levels compared to the control subjects, controlled for age and body mass index. Exposure measurements showed that the hairdressers in salons with scarce ventilation were exposed to ammonia concentration, ranging from 3 to 61 mg/m(3). CONCLUSIONS Compared to unexposed controls, the hairdressers had signs of neutrophilic airway inflammation, higher eNO levels and higher CRP. The hairdressers were exposed to high concentrations of ammonia from hairdressing chemicals and their working conditions were unsatisfactory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maysaa Nemer
- Occupational Epidemiology and Biological Research Lab, Department of Biology, Hebron University, Hebron, Palestine Section for Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Liv I B Sikkeland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mayes Kasem
- Department of Chemical and Biological Work Environment, National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Petter Kristensen
- Section for Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway Department of Occupational Medicine and Epidemiology, National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Khaldoun Nijem
- Occupational Epidemiology and Biological Research Lab, Department of Biology, Hebron University, Hebron, Palestine
| | - Espen Bjertness
- Section for Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Øivind Skare
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Epidemiology, National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Berit Bakke
- Department of Chemical and Biological Work Environment, National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Johny Kongerud
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. Department of Respiratory Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marit Skogstad
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Epidemiology, National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
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Determination of thioglycolic acid in cosmetics by capillary electrophoresis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 88:509-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2013.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Revised: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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