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Zhou P, Wang X, Sun M, Yan S. Effects of natural products on functional constipation: analysis of active ingredient and mechanism. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:2083-2103. [PMID: 37870581 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02786-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Constipation is a prevalent clinical ailment of the gastrointestinal system, yet its pathogenesis remains ambiguous. Despite the availability of numerous treatment modalities, they are insufficient in resolving the issue for patients. This work conducted a comprehensive review of the existing literature pertaining to the utilization of natural products for the treatment of constipation, with a focus on the efficacy of natural products in treating constipation, and to provide a comprehensive summary of their underlying mechanisms of action. Upon conducting a thorough review of the extant literature, we found that natural products can effectively treat constipation as modern synthetic drugs and compounded drugs with acetylcholinesterase (AChE) effects, rich in fiber and mucus, and the effects of increasing the tension of the ileum and gastrointestinal tract muscle, mediating signaling pathways, cytokine, excitability of the smooth muscle of the gastrointestinal tract, and regulating the homeostasis of intestinal flora. However, there is a wide variety of natural products, and there are still relatively few studies; the composition of natural products is complex, and the mechanism of action of natural products cannot be clarified. In the future, we need to further improve the detailed mechanism of natural products for the treatment of constipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Zhou
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Longhua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaopeng Wang
- Department of Anorectal surgery, Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Mingming Sun
- Department of Anorectal surgery, Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Shuai Yan
- Department of Anorectal surgery, Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, China.
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Allam S, Krüger D, Michel K, Schnabl K, Klingenspor M, Schemann M, Annaházi A. Mechanisms involved in the muscle relaxing effects of STW 5 in guinea pig stomach. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2024:e14761. [PMID: 38342975 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The herbal preparation STW 5 ameliorates functional dyspepsia partly by relaxing smooth muscle of the proximal stomach, thus improving gastric accommodation. We explored the unknown pathways responsible for this effect by testing targets known to modulate gastric smooth muscle relaxation. METHODS STW 5-induced relaxation of smooth muscle strips from guinea pig gastric corpus before and after pharmacological interventions were recorded with force transducers in an organ bath. ORAI1 mRNA expression was tested in the proximal stomach. KEY RESULTS Blockade of Ca2+ -activated K+ and Cl- channels, voltage-gated L- or T-type Ca2+ channels, TRPA1-, TRPV1-, adenosine or 5-HT4 receptors, antagonizing ryanodine receptors, inhibiting cyclooxygenase or sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase did not affect STW 5-evoked relaxation. Likewise, protein-kinase A or G were not involved. However, the relaxation evoked by STW 5 was significantly reduced by phorbol-12-myristat-13-acetat, an activator of protein-kinase C, by 2- aminoethyldiphenylborinate, an inhibitor of the IP3 receptor-mediated Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum or by SKF-96365, a nonselective store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) blocker. Furthermore, the mixed TRPC3/SOCE inhibitor Pyr3, but not the selective TRPC3 blocker Pyr10, reduced the effect of STW 5. Finally, BTP2, a potent blocker of ORAI-coupled SOCE, almost abolished STW 5-evoked relaxation. Expression of ORAI1 could be demonstrated in the corpus/fundus. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES STW 5 inhibited SOCE, most likely ORAI channels, which are modulated by IP3- and PKC-dependent mechanisms. Our findings impact on the design of drugs to induce muscle relaxation and help identify phytochemicals with similar modes of actions to treat gastrointestinal disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shady Allam
- Chair of Human Biology, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Menoufia University, Shebeen El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Dagmar Krüger
- Chair of Human Biology, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Klaus Michel
- Chair of Human Biology, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Katharina Schnabl
- Chair for Molecular Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Martin Klingenspor
- Chair for Molecular Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Michael Schemann
- Chair of Human Biology, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Anita Annaházi
- Chair of Human Biology, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- Chair of Zoology, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
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Wu H, Chen Y, Huang B, Yu Y, Zhao S, Liu J, Jia Z, Xiao H. Aster tataricus alleviates constipation by antagonizing the binding of acetylcholine to muscarinic receptor and inhibiting Ca 2+ influx. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 133:111005. [PMID: 33378996 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The dried root and rhizome of Aster tataricus (RA), is a traditional Chinese medicine has been used for more than 2000 years with the function of antitussive, expectorant and antiasthmatic. Ancient books and modern pharmacological researches demonstrated that RA may have the function of moistening intestines and relieving constipation, but there was a lack of systematic evidence. The aim of this study was to comprehensively evaluate the efficacy and possible mechanisms of ethanol extract of Aster tataricus (ATE) in treating constipation from in vivo to in vitro. METHODS In vivo, the ATE was studied in loperamide-induced constipation of mice. In vitro, different concentrations of ATE was tested separately or cumulatively on spontaneous and agonists-induced contractions of isolated rat duodenum strips. RESULTS In vivo, at doses of 0.16, 0.8 g/mL, ATE showed significantly promotion of the small intestinal charcoal transit, decrease of the amount of remnant fecal, and increase of the content of fecal water in colon. In addition, ATE could effectively relieve colonic pathological damage caused by loperamide as well. In vitro, with the cumulative concentration increase of ATE from 0.8 to 6.4 mg/mL, it could significantly decrease the contraction caused by KCl or Ach, and gradually restore to near base tension value.Meanwhile, it could also partially but significantly inhibit the contractions induced by Ach and CaCl2 on rat duodenum in a concentration related manner. CONCLUSIONS Taking all these findings together, it could be speculated that ATE may attenuate constipation mainly through antagonizing the binding of acetylcholine to muscarinic receptor, inhibiting Ca2+ influx and anti-inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- Research Center of Chinese Medicine Analysis and Transformation, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yijun Chen
- Research Center of Chinese Medicine Analysis and Transformation, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Syndrome Prescription Basic Research, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Beibei Huang
- Research Center of Chinese Medicine Analysis and Transformation, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yingting Yu
- Research Center of Chinese Medicine Analysis and Transformation, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Shujun Zhao
- Research Center of Chinese Medicine Analysis and Transformation, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Research Center of Chinese Medicine Analysis and Transformation, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Zhixin Jia
- Research Center of Chinese Medicine Analysis and Transformation, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Hongbin Xiao
- Research Center of Chinese Medicine Analysis and Transformation, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Syndrome Prescription Basic Research, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
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Joseph N, Tom Esther NL, Télesphore Benoît N, Paul Désiré DD, Oumarou Bibi-Farouck A, Théophile D, Pierre K. Effects of the aqueous extract of Pittosporum mannii Hook. f. (Pittosporaceae) stem barks on spontaneous and spasmogen-induced contractile activity of isolated rat duodenum. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 172:1-9. [PMID: 26068425 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Pittosporum mannii Hook. f. (Pittosporaceae) is a plant widely used in traditional medicine in Cameroon for the treatment of many gastrointestinal disorders including diarrhea. To date, no pharmacological study on the antidiarrheal and the antispasmodic properties of this plant has been reported. The aim of the present study was to evaluate in vitro the relaxant activity of the aqueous extract of stem barks of P. mannii (PMAE) on rat duodenum. MATERIALS AND METHODS Different concentrations of PMAE were tested separately (10-80 µg/mL) or cumulatively (5-80 µg/mL) on spontaneous and spasmogen (carbachol, histamine and KCl)-induced contractions of isolated rat duodenum strips. RESULTS At concentrations ranging from 10 to 80 µg/mL, PMAE significantly decreased the tonus and the amplitude of spontaneous contractions. However, at high concentration (80 µg/mL), the extract elicited a transient relaxation was followed by a slight increase of tonus, while the amplitude remained lower compared to the normal spontaneous activity. The relaxant effect of the extract was not significantly affected in the presence of atropine (0.713 µg/mL) and promethazine (0.5 µg/mL). In addition, PMAE (20, 40, and 80 µg/mL) partially but significantly inhibited in a concentration related manner the contractions induced by carbachol (10(-9)-10(-4)M) and histamine (10(-9)-10(-4)M) on rat duodenum. PMAE (10-80 µg/mL) also significantly induced a concentration-dependent relaxation on KCl (20mM, 50mM, 10(-3)-6.10(-3)M)-induced contraction of rat duodenum. CONCLUSIONS These results show that the aqueous extract of P. mannii stem barks possesses antispasmodic and spasmolytic effects at lower concentrations; therefore, supporting the use of the stem barks of this plant in the folk medicine for the treatment of diarrhea. However, caution should be paid while using higher concentrations that instead might produce spasmogenic effect and might worsen the diarrheal condition. The relaxant effect of PMAE appears to be non-specific of muscarinic or histaminic receptors, but may involve at least in part a mechanism of inhibition of the Ca(2+) influx into the smooth muscle cells through voltage-operated Ca(2+) channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Njiaza Joseph
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, PO Box 812, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Ngo Lemba Tom Esther
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Biological Sciences, High Teachers׳ Training College, University of Yaounde I, PO Box 47, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Nguelefack Télesphore Benoît
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, PO Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Dzeufiet Djomeni Paul Désiré
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, PO Box 812, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Aboubakar Oumarou Bibi-Farouck
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, PO Box 812, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Dimo Théophile
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, PO Box 812, Yaounde, Cameroon.
| | - Kamtchouing Pierre
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, PO Box 812, Yaounde, Cameroon
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Taniguchi M, Kajioka S, Shozib HB, Sawamura K, Nakayama S. Spatial analysis of slowly oscillating electric activity in the gut of mice using low impedance arrayed microelectrodes. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75235. [PMID: 24124480 PMCID: PMC3790767 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Smooth and elaborate gut motility is based on cellular cooperation, including smooth muscle, enteric neurons and special interstitial cells acting as pacemaker cells. Therefore, spatial characterization of electric activity in tissues containing these electric excitable cells is required for a precise understanding of gut motility. Furthermore, tools to evaluate spatial electric activity in a small area would be useful for the investigation of model animals. We thus employed a microelectrode array (MEA) system to simultaneously measure a set of 8×8 field potentials in a square area of ∼1 mm2. The size of each recording electrode was 50×50 µm2, however the surface area was increased by fixing platinum black particles. The impedance of microelectrode was sufficiently low to apply a high-pass filter of 0.1 Hz. Mapping of spectral power, and auto-correlation and cross-correlation parameters characterized the spatial properties of spontaneous electric activity in the ileum of wild-type (WT) and W/Wv mice, the latter serving as a model of impaired network of pacemaking interstitial cells. Namely, electric activities measured varied in both size and cooperativity in W/Wv mice, despite the small area. In the ileum of WT mice, procedures suppressing the excitability of smooth muscle and neurons altered the propagation of spontaneous electric activity, but had little change in the period of oscillations. In conclusion, MEA with low impedance electrodes enables to measure slowly oscillating electric activity, and is useful to evaluate both histological and functional changes in the spatio-temporal property of gut electric activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizuki Taniguchi
- Department of Cell Physiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shunichi Kajioka
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Habibul B. Shozib
- Department of Cell Physiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kenta Sawamura
- Department of Cell Physiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Nakayama
- Department of Cell Physiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- * E-mail:
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α1-adrenoceptor modulation of spontaneous electrical waveforms in the guinea-pig prostate. Eur J Pharmacol 2009; 608:62-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2009.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2008] [Revised: 01/16/2009] [Accepted: 02/01/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Hotta A, Okada N, Suzuki H. Mibefradil-sensitive component involved in the plateau potential in submucosal interstitial cells of the murine proximal colon. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006; 353:170-6. [PMID: 17174936 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2006] [Accepted: 12/01/2006] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Submucosal interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC(SM)) produce plateau potentials comprised of initial fast and subsequent plateau components. The possible involvement of voltage-dependent Ca(2+) channels in plateau potentials was examined in ICC(SM) of the murine proximal colon. Increases in external K(+) concentration ([K(+)](o)) changed the rise rate of the initial component in a biphasic way, an increase in 10.6 or 15.3mM [K(+)](o) and a decrease in 20.0mM [K(+)](o). The rise rate of plateau potentials was significantly reduced by the application of 3 microM mibefradil or 100 microM Ni(2+) but not by 0.3 microM nifedipine. The inhibitory effect of mibefradil on the rise rate of plateau potentials was concentration-dependent with an IC(50) value of 1.0 microM. In conclusion, the initial phase of plateau potentials is partly due to the activation of T-type Ca(2+) channel in ICC(SM) from the murine proximal colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Hotta
- Department of Regulatory Cell Physiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan.
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Suzuki H, Kito Y, Hashitani H, Nakamura E. Factors modifying the frequency of spontaneous activity in gastric muscle. J Physiol 2006; 576:667-74. [PMID: 16945968 PMCID: PMC1890408 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2006.117093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular mechanisms that determine the frequency of spontaneous activity were investigated in gastric smooth muscles isolated from the guinea-pig. Intact antral muscle generated slow waves periodically; the interval between slow waves was decreased exponentially by depolarization of the membrane to reach a steady interval value of about 7 s. Isolated circular muscle bundles produced slow potentials spontaneously or were evoked by depolarizing current stimuli. Evoked slow potentials appeared in an all-or-none fashion, with a refractory period of approximately 2-3 s. Low concentrations of chemicals that modify intracellular signalling revealed that the refractory period was causally related to the activity of protein kinase C (PKC). Activation of PKC increased and inhibition of PKC activity decreased the frequency of slow potentials. Chemicals that inhibit mitochondrial functions reduced the frequency of slow waves. Inhibition of internal Ca(2+)-store activity decreased the amplitude, but not the frequency of slow potentials, suggesting that the amplitude is causally related to Ca(2+) release from the internal store. The results suggest that changes in [Ca(2+)](i) caused by the activity of mitochondria may play a key role in determining the frequency of spontaneous activity in gastric pacemaker cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Suzuki
- Department of Physiology, Nagoya City University Medical School, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan.
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Hotta A, Kim YC, Nakamura E, Kito Y, Yamamoto Y, Suzuki H. Effects of inhibitors of nonselective cation channels on the acetylcholine-induced depolarization of circular smooth muscle from the guinea-pig stomach antrum. J Smooth Muscle Res 2005; 41:313-27. [PMID: 16557005 DOI: 10.1540/jsmr.41.313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In circular smooth muscle bundles isolated from the guinea-pig stomach antrum, the effects of quinidine, Ni2+, flufenamic acid, niflumic acid, La3+, SKF-96365 and 4'-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulphonic acid (DIDS) on acetylcholine (ACh)-induced depolarization were investigated. Recording membrane potentials from smooth muscle cells with intracellular microelectrodes revealed that ACh (1 microM) depolarized the membrane by 5-8 mV and increased the amplitude and frequency of slow potentials. These effects were inhibited by atropine. Quinidine (10 microM) increased the amplitude of ACh-induced depolarization, with no alteration to the properties of slow potentials. Ni2+ (50 microM) transiently (5-10 min) depolarized the membrane by about 5 mV, with an associated increase in frequency and amplitude of slow potentials. In the stabilized condition with Ni2+, the amplitude of ACh-induced depolarization remained unchanged. Flufenamic acid (10 microM) inhibited the generation of slow potentials, with no change in either the amplitude of ACh-induced depolarization or of the amplitude and frequency of slow potentials generated during ACh stimulation. A high concentration of flufenamic acid (100 microM) depolarized the membrane and increased the amplitude of ACh-induced depolarization. Niflumic acid (10 microM) hyperpolarized the membrane and increased the amplitude and frequency of slow potentials and also the amplitude of ACh-induced depolarization. DIDS (100 microM) hyperpolarized the membrane and inhibited the amplitude and frequency of slow potentials, with no alteration to the amplitude of ACh-induced depolarization. SKF-96365 (3-50 microM) depolarized the membrane in a concentration-dependent manner, but did not change the level of ACh-induced depolarization. La3+ (50 microM) did not alter the properties of the slow potentials or the ACh-induced responses. These results provide evidence that ACh-induced depolarization is not inhibited by chemicals known to inhibit non-selective cation channels. We suggest that muscarinic receptor-mediated signal transduction may be different in smooth muscle and interstitial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Hotta
- Department of Physiology, Nagoya City University Medical School, Japan
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