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Ren J, Jackson K, Barton CD, Huang Y, Zhan J. Enhancing the physicochemical properties and bioactivities of 2'-hydroxyflavanone through fungal biotransformation. J Biosci Bioeng 2024; 138:144-152. [PMID: 38858130 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2024.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Flavonoids comprise a group of natural compounds with diverse bioactivities; however, their low water solubility and limited bioavailability often impede their potential health benefits for humans. In this study, five derivatives, namely 2',5'-dihydroxyflavanone (1), 2'-dihydroxyflavanone-5'-O-4″-O-methyl-β-d-glucoside (2), 2'-dihydroxyflavanone-6-O-4″-O-methyl-β-d-glucoside (3), 2'-dihydroxyflavanone-3'-O-4″-O-methyl-β-d-glucoside (4) and hydroxyflavanone-2'-O-4″-O-methyl-β-d-glucoside (5), were biosynthesized from 2'-hydroxyflavanone through microbial transformation using Beauveria bassiana ATCC 7159. Product 1 was identified as a known compound while 2-5 were structurally characterized as new structures through extensive 1D and 2D NMR analysis. The water solubility of biotransformed products 1-5 was enhanced by 30-280 times compared to the substrate 2'-hydroxyflavanone. Moreover, the antioxidant assay revealed that 1 and 2 exhibited improved 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity relative to the substrate, decreasing the logIC50 from 8.08 ± 0.11 μM to 6.19 ± 0.08 μM and 7.15 ± 0.08 μM, respectively. Compound 5 displayed significantly improved anticancer activity compared to the substrate 2'-hydroxyflavanone against Glioblastoma 33 cancer stem cells, decreasing the IC50 from 25.05 μM to 10.59 μM. Overall, fungal biotransformation represents an effective tool to modify flavonoids for enhanced water solubility and bioactivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ren
- Department of Biological Engineering, Utah State University, 4105 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322-4105, USA
| | - Kyle Jackson
- Department of Biological Engineering, Utah State University, 4105 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322-4105, USA
| | - Caleb Don Barton
- Department of Biological Engineering, Utah State University, 4105 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322-4105, USA
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Biological Engineering, Utah State University, 4105 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322-4105, USA
| | - Jixun Zhan
- Department of Biological Engineering, Utah State University, 4105 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322-4105, USA.
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2
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Bouzaid H, Espírito Santo L, Ferreira DM, Machado S, Costa ASG, Dias MI, Calhelha RC, Barros L, Chater O, Rodi YK, Errachidi F, Chahdi FO, Oliveira MBPP, Alves RC. Detailed Phytochemical Composition, Cyto-/Hepatotoxicity, and Antioxidant/Anti-Inflammatory Profile of Moroccan Spices: A Study on Coriander, Caraway, and Mystical Cumin. Molecules 2024; 29:3485. [PMID: 39124890 PMCID: PMC11313914 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29153485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Coriander, caraway, and mystical cumin are famous for their aromatic properties and widely used in Moroccan cuisine. The nutritional/phytochemical composition of their seeds (used for food flavoring and preservation) were compared. Their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic and hepatotoxic effects were also explored. The fat content was similar among the samples (13%), with monounsaturated fatty acids being predominant. The coriander and mystical cumin seeds were extremely rich in C18:1n9c (81 and 85%, respectively) while, in the caraway, C18:1n12 (25%) was found together with C18:1n9c (32%). The caraway seeds also presented a higher proportion of C18:2n6c (34%) than the other seeds (13 and 8%, correspondingly). γ-Tocotrienol was the major vitamin E form in all the samples. The caraway seeds contained double the amount of protein (~18%) compared to the other seeds (~8%) but, qualitatively, the amino acid profiles among all seeds were similar. The seeds were also rich in dietary fiber (40-53%); however, differences were found in their fiber profiles. Caraway showed the highest antioxidant profile and anti-inflammatory activity and an LC-DAD-ESI/MSn analysis revealed great differences in the phenolic profiles of the samples. Cytotoxicity (NCI-H460, AGS, MCF-7, and CaCo2) and hepatotoxicity (RAW 264.7) were not observed. In sum, besides their flavoring/preservation properties, these seeds are also relevant source of bioactive compounds with health-promoting activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiba Bouzaid
- Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, B.P. 2202—Route d’Imouzzer, Fez 30000, Morocco
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, n. º 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Liliana Espírito Santo
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, n. º 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Diana M. Ferreira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, n. º 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Susana Machado
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, n. º 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Anabela S. G. Costa
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, n. º 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Inês Dias
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Alameda Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Ricardo C. Calhelha
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Alameda Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Lillian Barros
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Alameda Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Oumaima Chater
- Laboratory of Functional Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fez 30000, Morocco
| | - Youssef Kandri Rodi
- Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, B.P. 2202—Route d’Imouzzer, Fez 30000, Morocco
| | - Faouzi Errachidi
- Laboratory of Functional Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fez 30000, Morocco
| | - Fouad Ouazzani Chahdi
- Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, B.P. 2202—Route d’Imouzzer, Fez 30000, Morocco
| | - Maria Beatriz P. P. Oliveira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, n. º 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rita C. Alves
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, n. º 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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Suhail N, Aftab T, Alruwaili A, Alruwaili D. Effects of Multivitamin-Mineral Supplementation on Chronic Stress-Induced Oxidative Damage in Swiss Albino Mice. Cureus 2024; 16:e61896. [PMID: 38975563 PMCID: PMC11227871 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.61896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Stress is a hazardous occurrence that causes a variety of physiological and behavioral responses in a person. It increases energy metabolism and enhances oxidative stress, both of which are implicated in the pathophysiology of several diseases. Numerous vitamins and minerals have the ability to modulate oxidative stress. The present investigation aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a multivitamin-mineral (MM) supplement in addressing oxidative imbalances caused by chronic stress in the plasma, hepatic, and renal tissues of Swiss albino mice. METHODS Thirty healthy male Swiss albino mice were randomly assigned to one of the three groups, with 10 animals each: control, unpredictable chronic stress (UCS), and MM + UCS. The experiment lasted for four weeks, after which all the animals underwent cervical decapitation, and samples of their blood, liver, and kidney were taken for biochemical studies. DNA damage analysis was performed on lymphocytes. RESULTS Exposure to UCS negatively affected all biochemical markers, as indicated by reduced levels of antioxidants (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione S-transferase, glutathione reductase, and reduced glutathione) in the plasma, liver, and kidney tissues, along with enhanced levels of lipid peroxidation and marker enzymes. MM supplementation normalized the deranged biochemical markers in stress-exposed mice. The results of DNA damage supported the biochemical findings mentioned above. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that MM supplementation could help reduce oxidative disturbances caused by stress in both healthy and diseased conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nida Suhail
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Northern Border University, Arar, SAU
| | - Tehreem Aftab
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Northern Border University, Arar, SAU
| | - Anwar Alruwaili
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Northern Border University, Arar, SAU
| | - Daliyah Alruwaili
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Northern Border University, Arar, SAU
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Munir H, Yaqoob S, Awan KA, Imtiaz A, Naveed H, Ahmad N, Naeem M, Sultan W, Ma Y. Unveiling the Chemistry of Citrus Peel: Insights into Nutraceutical Potential and Therapeutic Applications. Foods 2024; 13:1681. [PMID: 38890908 PMCID: PMC11172398 DOI: 10.3390/foods13111681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The recent millennium has witnessed a notable shift in consumer focus towards natural products for addressing lifestyle-related disorders, driven by their safety and cost-effectiveness. Nutraceuticals and functional foods play an imperative role by meeting nutritional needs and offering medicinal benefits. With increased scientific knowledge and awareness, the significance of a healthy lifestyle, including diet, in reducing disease risk is widely acknowledged, facilitating access to a diverse and safer diet for longevity. Plant-based foods rich in phytochemicals are increasingly popular and effectively utilized in disease management. Agricultural waste from plant-based foods is being recognized as a valuable source of nutraceuticals for dietary interventions. Citrus peels, known for their diverse flavonoids, are emerging as a promising health-promoting ingredient. Globally, citrus production yields approximately 15 million tons of by-products annually, highlighting the substantial potential for utilizing citrus waste in phyto-therapeutic and nutraceutical applications. Citrus peels are a rich source of flavonoids, with concentrations ranging from 2.5 to 5.5 g/100 g dry weight, depending on the citrus variety. The most abundant flavonoids in citrus peel include hesperidin and naringin, as well as essential oils rich in monoterpenes like limonene. The peel extracts exhibit high antioxidant capacity, with DPPH radical scavenging activities ranging from 70 to 90%, comparable to synthetic antioxidants like BHA and BHT. Additionally, the flavonoids present in citrus peel have been found to have antioxidant properties, which can help reduce oxidative stress by 30% and cardiovascular disease by 25%. Potent anti-inflammatory effects have also been demonstrated, reducing inflammatory markers such as IL-6 and TNF-α by up to 40% in cell culture studies. These findings highlight the potential of citrus peel as a valuable source of nutraceuticals in diet-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussan Munir
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (H.M.); (S.Y.)
- University Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Lahore, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Sanabil Yaqoob
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (H.M.); (S.Y.)
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (K.A.A.); (H.N.); (W.S.)
| | - Kanza Aziz Awan
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (K.A.A.); (H.N.); (W.S.)
| | - Aysha Imtiaz
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 03802, Pakistan;
| | - Hiba Naveed
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (K.A.A.); (H.N.); (W.S.)
| | - Naveed Ahmad
- Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China;
| | - Muhammad Naeem
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China;
| | - Waleed Sultan
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (K.A.A.); (H.N.); (W.S.)
| | - Yongkun Ma
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (H.M.); (S.Y.)
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AlJaloudi R, Al-Dabbas MM, Hamad HJ, Amara RA, Al-Bashabsheh Z, Abughoush M, Choudhury IH, Al-Nawasrah BA, Iqbal S. Development and Characterization of High-Energy Protein Bars with Enhanced Antioxidant, Chemical, Nutritional, Physical, and Sensory Properties. Foods 2024; 13:259. [PMID: 38254560 PMCID: PMC10814707 DOI: 10.3390/foods13020259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Protein-rich energy bars are known as an excellent nutritional supplement for athletes that help to build and repair connective tissues. The study is, therefore, aimed at developing high-protein bars using lupine seeds, wheat germ, and selected dried fruits including raisins, dates, apricots, and cranberries. Different formulations (F1, F2, F3, and F4) were performed at different ratios of ingredients to produce high-protein bars and compared them with a control bar made of whey-protein concentrate and oat flakes. For this purpose, a proximate analysis, total phenol content, total flavonoid content, DPPH radical scavenging activity, water content, nutritional, and sensory analysis was performed to evaluate the results. The proximate analysis of the produced protein bars showed a significantly higher protein content (22 ± 2) and total phenolic activity (57 ± 33) in formulation group 4 as compared to the other groups. Furthermore, the least water activity content was found in formulation group 1 (1 ± 0.0) when compared with the control group (1 ± 0.0). The results from the sensory evaluation revealed that T3 had the highest average scores in overall consumer acceptability. Our study found that total phenolic, flavonoid, and fiber content were significantly higher in the prepared protein bars indicating prospective health benefits when compared to the control group. Overall, the study demonstrates that high-protein bars using functional ingredients like dried fruit can provide enriched nutritionally valuable food options for consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rawan AlJaloudi
- Zarqa University College, Al-Balqa Applied University, Zarqa 13313, Jordan;
| | - Maher M. Al-Dabbas
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan; (M.M.A.-D.); (R.A.A.); (B.A.A.-N.)
- Nutrition and Dietetics Program, College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi 112612, United Arab Emirates; (M.A.); (I.H.C.)
| | - Hani J. Hamad
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Philadelphia University, Amman 19392, Jordan (Z.A.-B.)
| | - Rawan A. Amara
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan; (M.M.A.-D.); (R.A.A.); (B.A.A.-N.)
| | - Zaher Al-Bashabsheh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Philadelphia University, Amman 19392, Jordan (Z.A.-B.)
| | - Mahmoud Abughoush
- Nutrition and Dietetics Program, College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi 112612, United Arab Emirates; (M.A.); (I.H.C.)
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, Jordan
| | - Imranul H. Choudhury
- Nutrition and Dietetics Program, College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi 112612, United Arab Emirates; (M.A.); (I.H.C.)
| | - Bha’a Aldin Al-Nawasrah
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan; (M.M.A.-D.); (R.A.A.); (B.A.A.-N.)
| | - Sehar Iqbal
- Nutrition and Dietetics Program, College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi 112612, United Arab Emirates; (M.A.); (I.H.C.)
- AAU Health and Biomedical Research Center, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi 112612, United Arab Emirates
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Kłósek M, Krawczyk-Łebek A, Kostrzewa-Susłow E, Szliszka E, Bronikowska J, Jaworska D, Pietsz G, Czuba ZP. In Vitro Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Methyl Derivatives of Flavanone. Molecules 2023; 28:7837. [PMID: 38067567 PMCID: PMC10708004 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28237837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation plays an important role in the immune defense against injury and infection agents. However, the inflammatory chronic process may lead to neurodegenerative diseases, atherosclerosis, inflammatory bowel diseases, or cancer. Flavanones present in citrus fruits exhibit biological activities, including anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. The beneficial effects of flavanones have been found based on in vitro cell cultures and animal studies. A suitable in vitro model for studying the inflammatory process are macrophages (RAW264.7 cell line) because, after stimulation using lipopolysaccharide (LPS), they release inflammatory cytokines involved in the immune response. We determined the nitrite concentration in the macrophage cell culture and detected ROS using chemiluminescence. Additionally, we measured the production of selected cytokines using the Bio-Plex Magnetic Luminex Assay and the Bio-PlexTM 200 System. For the first time, we have shown that methyl derivatives of flavanone inhibit NO and chemiluminescence generated via LPS-stimulated macrophages. Moreover, the tested compounds at 1-20 µM dose-dependently modulate proinflammatory cytokine production (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12p40, IL-12p70, and TNF-α) in stimulated RAW264.7 cells. The 2'-methylflavanone (5B) and the 3'-methylflavanone (6B) possess the strongest anti-inflammatory activity among all the tested flavanone derivatives. These compounds reduce the concentration of IL-6, IL-12p40, and IL12p70 compared to the core flavanone structure. Moreover, 2'-methylflavanone reduces TNF-α, and 3'-methylflavanone reduces IL-1β secreted by RAW264.7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Kłósek
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jordana 19, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland; (E.S.); (J.B.); (D.J.); (G.P.); (Z.P.C.)
| | - Agnieszka Krawczyk-Łebek
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; (A.K.-Ł.); (E.K.-S.)
| | - Edyta Kostrzewa-Susłow
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; (A.K.-Ł.); (E.K.-S.)
| | - Ewelina Szliszka
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jordana 19, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland; (E.S.); (J.B.); (D.J.); (G.P.); (Z.P.C.)
| | - Joanna Bronikowska
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jordana 19, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland; (E.S.); (J.B.); (D.J.); (G.P.); (Z.P.C.)
| | - Dagmara Jaworska
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jordana 19, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland; (E.S.); (J.B.); (D.J.); (G.P.); (Z.P.C.)
| | - Grażyna Pietsz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jordana 19, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland; (E.S.); (J.B.); (D.J.); (G.P.); (Z.P.C.)
| | - Zenon P. Czuba
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jordana 19, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland; (E.S.); (J.B.); (D.J.); (G.P.); (Z.P.C.)
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Souza HCA, Souza MDA, Sousa CS, Viana EKA, Alves SKS, Marques AO, Ribeiro ASN, de Sousa do Vale V, Islam MT, de Miranda JAL, da Costa Mota M, Rocha JA. Molecular Docking and ADME-TOX Profiling of Moringa oleifera Constituents against SARS-CoV-2. Adv Respir Med 2023; 91:464-485. [PMID: 37987297 PMCID: PMC10660866 DOI: 10.3390/arm91060035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2019) etiological agent, which has a high contagiousness and is to blame for the outbreak of acute viral pneumonia, is the cause of the respiratory disease COVID-19. The use of natural products grew as an alternative treatment for various diseases due to the abundance of organic molecules with pharmacological properties. Many pharmaceutical studies have focused on investigating compounds with therapeutic potential. Therefore, this study aimed to identify potential antiviral compounds from a popular medicinal plant called Moringa oleifera Lam. against the spike, Mpro, ACE2, and RBD targets of SARS-CoV-2. For this, we use molecular docking to identify the molecules with the greatest affinity for the targets through the orientation of the ligand with the receptor in complex. For the best results, ADME-TOX predictions were performed to evaluate the pharmacokinetic properties of the compounds using the online tool pkCSM. The results demonstrate that among the 61 molecules of M. oleifera, 22 molecules showed promising inhibition results, where the compound ellagic acid showed significant molecular affinity (-9.3 kcal.mol-1) in interaction with the spike protein. These results highlight the relevance of investigating natural compounds from M. oleifera as potential antivirals against SARS-CoV-2; however, additional studies are needed to confirm the antiviral activity of the compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hellen Cris Araújo Souza
- Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology Research Group—QUIMEBIO, São Bernardo Science Center, Federal University of Maranhão UFMA, São Bernardo 65080-805, MA, Brazil; (H.C.A.S.); (M.D.A.S.); (C.S.S.); (E.K.A.V.); (S.K.S.A.); (A.O.M.); (A.S.N.R.); (V.d.S.d.V.); (M.d.C.M.); (J.A.R.)
| | - Maycon Douglas Araújo Souza
- Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology Research Group—QUIMEBIO, São Bernardo Science Center, Federal University of Maranhão UFMA, São Bernardo 65080-805, MA, Brazil; (H.C.A.S.); (M.D.A.S.); (C.S.S.); (E.K.A.V.); (S.K.S.A.); (A.O.M.); (A.S.N.R.); (V.d.S.d.V.); (M.d.C.M.); (J.A.R.)
| | - Cássio Silva Sousa
- Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology Research Group—QUIMEBIO, São Bernardo Science Center, Federal University of Maranhão UFMA, São Bernardo 65080-805, MA, Brazil; (H.C.A.S.); (M.D.A.S.); (C.S.S.); (E.K.A.V.); (S.K.S.A.); (A.O.M.); (A.S.N.R.); (V.d.S.d.V.); (M.d.C.M.); (J.A.R.)
| | - Edilanne Katrine Amparo Viana
- Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology Research Group—QUIMEBIO, São Bernardo Science Center, Federal University of Maranhão UFMA, São Bernardo 65080-805, MA, Brazil; (H.C.A.S.); (M.D.A.S.); (C.S.S.); (E.K.A.V.); (S.K.S.A.); (A.O.M.); (A.S.N.R.); (V.d.S.d.V.); (M.d.C.M.); (J.A.R.)
| | - Sabrina Kelly Silva Alves
- Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology Research Group—QUIMEBIO, São Bernardo Science Center, Federal University of Maranhão UFMA, São Bernardo 65080-805, MA, Brazil; (H.C.A.S.); (M.D.A.S.); (C.S.S.); (E.K.A.V.); (S.K.S.A.); (A.O.M.); (A.S.N.R.); (V.d.S.d.V.); (M.d.C.M.); (J.A.R.)
| | - Alex Oliveira Marques
- Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology Research Group—QUIMEBIO, São Bernardo Science Center, Federal University of Maranhão UFMA, São Bernardo 65080-805, MA, Brazil; (H.C.A.S.); (M.D.A.S.); (C.S.S.); (E.K.A.V.); (S.K.S.A.); (A.O.M.); (A.S.N.R.); (V.d.S.d.V.); (M.d.C.M.); (J.A.R.)
| | - Arthur Serejo Neves Ribeiro
- Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology Research Group—QUIMEBIO, São Bernardo Science Center, Federal University of Maranhão UFMA, São Bernardo 65080-805, MA, Brazil; (H.C.A.S.); (M.D.A.S.); (C.S.S.); (E.K.A.V.); (S.K.S.A.); (A.O.M.); (A.S.N.R.); (V.d.S.d.V.); (M.d.C.M.); (J.A.R.)
| | - Vanessa de Sousa do Vale
- Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology Research Group—QUIMEBIO, São Bernardo Science Center, Federal University of Maranhão UFMA, São Bernardo 65080-805, MA, Brazil; (H.C.A.S.); (M.D.A.S.); (C.S.S.); (E.K.A.V.); (S.K.S.A.); (A.O.M.); (A.S.N.R.); (V.d.S.d.V.); (M.d.C.M.); (J.A.R.)
| | - Muhammad Torequl Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh;
| | - João Antônio Leal de Miranda
- Department of Medicine, Senador Helvidio Nunes de Barros Center, Federal University of Piauí (UFPI), Picos 64607-670, PI, Brazil
| | - Marcelo da Costa Mota
- Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology Research Group—QUIMEBIO, São Bernardo Science Center, Federal University of Maranhão UFMA, São Bernardo 65080-805, MA, Brazil; (H.C.A.S.); (M.D.A.S.); (C.S.S.); (E.K.A.V.); (S.K.S.A.); (A.O.M.); (A.S.N.R.); (V.d.S.d.V.); (M.d.C.M.); (J.A.R.)
| | - Jefferson Almeida Rocha
- Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology Research Group—QUIMEBIO, São Bernardo Science Center, Federal University of Maranhão UFMA, São Bernardo 65080-805, MA, Brazil; (H.C.A.S.); (M.D.A.S.); (C.S.S.); (E.K.A.V.); (S.K.S.A.); (A.O.M.); (A.S.N.R.); (V.d.S.d.V.); (M.d.C.M.); (J.A.R.)
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8
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Naomi R, Teoh SH, Halim S, Embong H, Hasain Z, Bahari H, Kumar J. Unraveling Obesity: Transgenerational Inheritance, Treatment Side Effects, Flavonoids, Mechanisms, Microbiota, Redox Balance, and Bioavailability-A Narrative Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1549. [PMID: 37627544 PMCID: PMC10451614 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is known as a transgenerational vicious cycle and has become a global burden due to its unavoidable complications. Modern approaches to obesity management often involve the use of pharmaceutical drugs and surgeries that have been associated with negative side effects. In contrast, natural antioxidants, such as flavonoids, have emerged as a promising alternative due to their potential health benefits and minimal side effects. Thus, this narrative review explores the potential protective role of flavonoids as a natural antioxidant in managing obesity. To identify recent in vivo studies on the efficiency of flavonoids in managing obesity, a comprehensive search was conducted on Wiley Online Library, Scopus, Nature, and ScienceDirect. The search was limited to the past 10 years; from the search, we identified 31 articles to be further reviewed. Based on the reviewed articles, we concluded that flavonoids offer novel therapeutic strategies for preventing obesity and its associated co-morbidities. This is because the appropriate dosage of flavonoid compounds is able to reduce adipose tissue mass, the formation of intracellular free radicals, enhance endogenous antioxidant defences, modulate the redox balance, and reduce inflammatory signalling pathways. Thus, this review provides an insight into the domain of a natural product therapeutic approach for managing obesity and recapitulates the transgenerational inheritance of obesity, the current available treatments to manage obesity and its side effects, flavonoids and their sources, the molecular mechanism involved, the modulation of gut microbiota in obesity, redox balance, and the bioavailability of flavonoids. In toto, although flavonoids show promising positive outcome in managing obesity, a more comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms responsible for the advantageous impacts of flavonoids-achieved through translation to clinical trials-would provide a novel approach to inculcating flavonoids in managing obesity in the future as this review is limited to animal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Naomi
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Soo Huat Teoh
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas 13200, Malaysia;
| | - Shariff Halim
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University Technology Mara (UiTM) Pulau Pinang, Bertam Campus, Kepala Batas 13200, Malaysia;
| | - Hashim Embong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia;
| | - Zubaidah Hasain
- Unit of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Defence Health, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Hasnah Bahari
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Jaya Kumar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
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9
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Nabil-Adam A, E. Elnosary M, L. Ashour M, M. Abd El-Moneam N, A. Shreadah M. Flavonoids Biosynthesis in Plants as a Defense Mechanism: Role and Function Concerning Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetic Properties. FLAVONOID METABOLISM - RECENT ADVANCES AND APPLICATIONS IN CROP BREEDING 2023. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.108637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids are a major class of secondary metabolites that comprises more than 6000 compounds that have been identified. They are biosynthesized via the phenylpropanoid metabolic pathway that involves groups of enzymes such as isomerases, hydroxylases, and reductases that greatly affect the determination of the flavonoid skeleton. For example, transferase enzymes responsible for the modification of sugar result in changes in the physiological activity of the flavonoids and changes in their physical properties, such as solubility, reactivity, and interaction with cellular target molecules, which affect their pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetic properties. In addition, flavonoids have diverse biological activities such as antioxidants, anticancer, and antiviral in managing Alzheimer’s disease. However, most marine flavonoids are still incompletely discovered because marine flavonoid biosynthesis is produced and possesses unique substitutions that are not commonly found in terrestrial bioactive compounds. The current chapter will illustrate the importance of flavonoids’ role in metabolism and the main difference between marine and terrestrial flavonoids.
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10
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Prospective Associations between Cumulative Average Intake of Flavonoids and Hypertension Risk in the CArdioVascular Disease Association Study (CAVAS). Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15051186. [PMID: 36904184 PMCID: PMC10004779 DOI: 10.3390/nu15051186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to investigate the prospective associations and their shapes between the dietary intake of total flavonoids and their seven subclasses and hypertension risk in a prospective cohort, the KoGES_CArdioVascular disease Association Study (CAVAS), and to consider obesity status as an additional factor. A total of 10,325 adults aged 40 years and older were enrolled at baseline, and 2159 patients were newly diagnosed with hypertension during a median follow-up of 4.95 years. Cumulative dietary intake was estimated using a repeated food frequency questionnaire. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using modified Poisson models with a robust error estimator. We observed nonlinear inverse associations between total and seven subclasses of flavonoids and hypertension risk, although there was no significant association between total flavonoids and flavones with hypertension risk in the highest quartile. For men, these inverse associations tended to be pronounced in the high BMI group, particularly for anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins [IRR (95% CI) in overweight/obese men: 0.53 (0.42-0.67) for anthocyanins; 0.55 (0.42-0.71) for proanthocyanidins]. Our results suggested that consumption of dietary flavonoids may not be dose-responsive but is inversely associated with hypertension risk, particularly among overweight/obese men.
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11
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Polymeric Systems for the Controlled Release of Flavonoids. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020628. [PMID: 36839955 PMCID: PMC9964149 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are natural compounds that are attracting great interest in the biomedical field thanks to the wide spectrum of their biological properties. Their employment as anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic drugs, as well as for many other pharmacological applications, is extensively investigated. One of the most successful ways to increase their therapeutic efficacy is to encapsulate them into a polymeric matrix in order to control their concentration in the physiological fluids for a prolonged time. The aim of this article is to provide an updated overview of scientific literature on the polymeric systems developed so far for the controlled release of flavonoids. The different classes of flavonoids are described together with the polymers most commonly employed for drug delivery applications. Representative drug delivery systems are discussed, highlighting the most common techniques for their preparation. The flavonoids investigated for polymer system encapsulation are then presented with their main source of extraction and biological properties. Relevant literature on their employment in this context is reviewed in relationship to the targeted pharmacological and biomedical applications.
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12
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Ijaz MU, Mustafa S, Ain QU, Hamza A, Ali S. Rhamnazin ameliorates 2, 3, 7, 8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-evoked testicular toxicity by restoring biochemical, spermatogenic and histological profile in male albino rats. Hum Exp Toxicol 2023; 42:9603271231205859. [PMID: 37807851 DOI: 10.1177/09603271231205859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
2,3,7,8 tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is a potential environmental toxin that has the ability to affect male reproductive tract. Rhamnazin is a naturally present flavone that displays multiple medicinal properties. Therefore, the current study was designed to determine the mitigative role of rhamnazin against TCDD induced reproductive damage. 48 adult male albino rats were randomly separated into four groups: control, TCDD (10 µgkg-1), TCDD + rhamnazin (10 µgkg-1 + 5 mgkg-1 respectively) and rhamnazin (5 mgkg-1). The trial was conducted for 56 days. TCDD intoxication notably affected superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GSR) and catalase (CAT) activities, besides reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations were augmented. TCDD administration also lowered sperm motility, viability, sperm number, while it augmented the sperm morphological (tail, neck/midpiece and head) anomalies. Moreover, it decreased the levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and plasma testosterone. Moreover, TCDD reduced steroidogenic enzymes i.e., 17-beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17β-HSD), steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) and 3-beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD) as well as B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) expressions, but increased the expressions of Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) and cysteine-aspartic acid protease (Caspase-3). Furthermore, TCDD exposure also induced histopathological anomalies in testicular tissues. However, the supplementation of rhamnazin recovered all the mentioned damages in the testicles. The outcomes revealed that rhamnazin can ameliorate TCDD induced reproductive toxicity due to its anti-oxidant, anti-apoptotic and androgenic nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Umar Ijaz
- Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shama Mustafa
- Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Qurat Ul Ain
- Department of Zoology, Government College Women University, Sialkot, Pakistan
| | - Ali Hamza
- Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shafaqat Ali
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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13
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Dutta R, Bhattacharya E, Pramanik A, Hughes TA, Mandal Biswas S. Potent nutraceuticals having antioxidant, DNA damage protecting potential and anti-cancer properties from the leaves of four Ficus species. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2022.102461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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14
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Marchant DB, Chen G, Cai S, Chen F, Schafran P, Jenkins J, Shu S, Plott C, Webber J, Lovell JT, He G, Sandor L, Williams M, Rajasekar S, Healey A, Barry K, Zhang Y, Sessa E, Dhakal RR, Wolf PG, Harkess A, Li FW, Rössner C, Becker A, Gramzow L, Xue D, Wu Y, Tong T, Wang Y, Dai F, Hua S, Wang H, Xu S, Xu F, Duan H, Theißen G, McKain MR, Li Z, McKibben MTW, Barker MS, Schmitz RJ, Stevenson DW, Zumajo-Cardona C, Ambrose BA, Leebens-Mack JH, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Soltis PS, Soltis DE, Chen ZH. Dynamic genome evolution in a model fern. NATURE PLANTS 2022; 8:1038-1051. [PMID: 36050461 PMCID: PMC9477723 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-022-01226-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The large size and complexity of most fern genomes have hampered efforts to elucidate fundamental aspects of fern biology and land plant evolution through genome-enabled research. Here we present a chromosomal genome assembly and associated methylome, transcriptome and metabolome analyses for the model fern species Ceratopteris richardii. The assembly reveals a history of remarkably dynamic genome evolution including rapid changes in genome content and structure following the most recent whole-genome duplication approximately 60 million years ago. These changes include massive gene loss, rampant tandem duplications and multiple horizontal gene transfers from bacteria, contributing to the diversification of defence-related gene families. The insertion of transposable elements into introns has led to the large size of the Ceratopteris genome and to exceptionally long genes relative to other plants. Gene family analyses indicate that genes directing seed development were co-opted from those controlling the development of fern sporangia, providing insights into seed plant evolution. Our findings and annotated genome assembly extend the utility of Ceratopteris as a model for investigating and teaching plant biology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guang Chen
- Central Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Shengguan Cai
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Fei Chen
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Jerry Jenkins
- Genome Sequencing Center, HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | - Shengqiang Shu
- United States Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Chris Plott
- Genome Sequencing Center, HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | - Jenell Webber
- Genome Sequencing Center, HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | - John T Lovell
- Genome Sequencing Center, HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA
- United States Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Guifen He
- United States Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Laura Sandor
- United States Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Melissa Williams
- Genome Sequencing Center, HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | - Shanmugam Rajasekar
- Arizona Genomics Institute, School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Adam Healey
- Genome Sequencing Center, HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | - Kerrie Barry
- United States Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Yinwen Zhang
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Emily Sessa
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Rijan R Dhakal
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | - Paul G Wolf
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | - Alex Harkess
- Genome Sequencing Center, HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA
- Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Fay-Wei Li
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Plant Biology Section, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Clemens Rössner
- Justus-Liebig-University, Department of Biology and Chemistry, Institute of Botany, Gießen, Germany
| | - Annette Becker
- Justus-Liebig-University, Department of Biology and Chemistry, Institute of Botany, Gießen, Germany
| | - Lydia Gramzow
- Matthias Schleiden Institute/Genetics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Dawei Xue
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuhuan Wu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tao Tong
- College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fei Dai
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuijin Hua
- Institute of Crops and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hua Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shengchun Xu
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fei Xu
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Honglang Duan
- Institute for Forest Resources & Environment of Guizhou, Key Laboratory of Forest Cultivation in Plateau Mountain of Guizhou Province, College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Günter Theißen
- Matthias Schleiden Institute/Genetics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Michael R McKain
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Michael T W McKibben
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Michael S Barker
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jane Grimwood
- Genome Sequencing Center, HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | - Jeremy Schmutz
- Genome Sequencing Center, HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA
- United States Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Pamela S Soltis
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - Douglas E Soltis
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - Zhong-Hua Chen
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia.
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia.
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15
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Shen N, Wang T, Gan Q, Liu S, Wang L, Jin B. Plant flavonoids: Classification, distribution, biosynthesis, and antioxidant activity. Food Chem 2022; 383:132531. [PMID: 35413752 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 471] [Impact Index Per Article: 235.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids are a group of natural polyphenol substances abundant in vegetables, fruits, grains, and tea. As plant secondary metabolites, flavonoids play essential roles in many biological processes and responses to environmental factors in plants. Flavonoids are common in human diets and have antioxidant effects as well as other bioactivities (e.g., antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties), which reduce the risk of disease. Flavonoid bioactivity depends on structural substitution patterns in their C6-C3-C6 rings. However, reviews of plant flavonoid distribution and biosynthesis, as well as the health benefits of its bioactivity, remain scarce. Therefore, in the present review, we systematically summarize recent progress in the research of plant flavonoids, focusing on their biosynthesis (pathway and transcription factors) and bioactive mechanisms based on epidemic evidence, in vitro and in vivo research, and bioavailability in the human body. We also discuss future opportunities in flavonoid research, including biotechnology, therapeutic phytoproducts, and dietary flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Shen
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Tongfei Wang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Quan Gan
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Sian Liu
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Li Wang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Biao Jin
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
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16
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Flavonoids: Food associations, therapeutic mechanisms, metabolism and nanoformulations. Food Res Int 2022; 157:111442. [PMID: 35761682 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids possess an impressive therapeutic potential, thereby imparting them a nutraceutical character. As it becomes increasingly common to consume foods associated with healing properties, it is imperative to understand the associations of different foods with different classes of nutraceutic compounds, and their mechanisms of therapeutic action. At the same time, it is important to address the limitations thereof so that plausible future directions may be drawn. This review summarizes the food associations of flavonoids, and discusses the mechanisms responsible for imparting them their nutraceutic properties, detailing the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) signaling pathway, inhibition of inflammatory signaling pathways such as toll-like receptor (TLR), nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) and lipoxygenase-2 (LOX-2) mediators. Further on, the review explains the mechanism of flavonoids metabolism, reasons for low bioavailability and thereafter recapitulates the role of technological interventions to overcome the limitations, with a particular focus on nanoformulations that utilize the synergy between flavonoids and biocompatible materials used as nanocarriers, as reported in works spanning over a decade. It is the Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) classified carriers that will become the basis for developing functional formulations. It is promisingly noteworthy that some flavonoid formulations have been commercialized and mentioned therein. Such commercially viable and safe for consumption technological applications pave way for bringing science to the table, and add value to the innate properties of flavonoids.
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17
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Al-Sayyed HF, Al-Kurd RA, Mahmoud IF, AbdelQader SM, Sweidan DH, Rizeq LT, Arafat TA, Mwalla MM. Developing a database for total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity of Jordanian crops. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2022.2077369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiba F. Al-Sayyed
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Petra, Amman, Jordan
| | - Refat A. Al-Kurd
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Petra, Amman, Jordan
| | - Iman F. Mahmoud
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Petra, Amman, Jordan
| | - Salma M. AbdelQader
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Petra, Amman, Jordan
| | - Dima H. Sweidan
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Petra, Amman, Jordan
| | - Lana T. Rizeq
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Petra, Amman, Jordan
| | - Tawfiq A. Arafat
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Petra, Amman, Jordan
| | - Marwan M. Mwalla
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Petra, Amman, Jordan
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18
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Tajammal A, Siddiqa A, Irfan A, Azam M, Hafeez H, Munawar MA, Basra MAR. Antioxidant, molecular docking and computational investigation of new flavonoids. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.132189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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19
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Mucha P, Skoczyńska A, Małecka M, Hikisz P, Budzisz E. Overview of the Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Selected Plant Compounds and Their Metal Ions Complexes. Molecules 2021; 26:4886. [PMID: 34443474 PMCID: PMC8398118 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous plant compounds and their metal-ion complexes exert antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and other beneficial effects. This review highlights the different bioactivities of flavonoids, chromones, and coumarins and their metal-ions complexes due to different structural characteristics. In addition to insight into the most studied antioxidative properties of these compounds, the first part of the review provides a comprehensive overview of exogenous and endogenous sources of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, oxidative stress-mediated damages of lipids and proteins, and on protective roles of antioxidant defense systems, including plant-derived antioxidants. Additionally, the review covers the anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities of flavonoids, chromones, coumarins and their metal-ion complexes which support its application in medicine, pharmacy, and cosmetology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Mucha
- Department of the Chemistry of Cosmetic Raw Materials, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Łódź, Muszyńskiego 1, 90-151 Łódź, Poland
| | - Anna Skoczyńska
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Poniatowskiego 15, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland;
| | - Magdalena Małecka
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Pomorska 163/165, 90-236 Łódź, Poland;
| | - Paweł Hikisz
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Łódź, Poland;
| | - Elzbieta Budzisz
- Department of the Chemistry of Cosmetic Raw Materials, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Łódź, Muszyńskiego 1, 90-151 Łódź, Poland
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Bioflavonoid Robinin from Astragalus falcatus Lam. Mildly Improves the Effect of Metothrexate in Rats with Adjuvant Arthritis. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041268. [PMID: 33924354 PMCID: PMC8069410 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-inflammatory potential of orally administrated bioflavonoid-robinin, active sub-stance of original drug Flaroninum™ (FL), was investigated in the combination with methotrexate (MTX) and in monotherapy in rats suffering from adjuvant-induced arthritis (AA). Robinin (kaempferol-3-O-robinoside-7-O-rhamnoside) was isolated from the aerial parts of Astragalus falcatus Lam. The monotherapy with robinin was not efficient in alleviating symptoms of AA. The combination of MTX with robinin was similarly active as MTX alone in reducing the hind paw volume and change of body weight during the whole experiment. The combination, however, reduced plasma levels of Interleukin-17Aand activity of gamma-glutamyl transferase in joint more efficiently then MTX alone. Our results demonstrate that the novel combination of robinin and MTX mildly improved the reduction of inflammation in experimental arthritis.
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Bomgning CLK, Sinda PVK, Ponou BK, Fotio AL, Tsague MK, Tsafack BT, Kühlborn J, Mbuyo-Nguelefack EP, Teponno RB, Opatz T, Tapondjou LA, Nguelefack TB. Hepatoprotective effects of extracts, fractions and compounds from the stem bark of Pentaclethra macrophylla Benth: Evidence from in vitro and in vivo studies. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 136:111242. [PMID: 33486213 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To identify the bioactive hepatoprotective components of the ethanol extract of Pentaclethra macrophylla stem bark using in vitro and in vivo approaches. METHODS The bioguided-fractionation of the ethanol extract was based on the substances' capacity to prevent in vitro, the lipid peroxidation of hepatocytes' membranes induced by hydrogen peroxide. For the in vivo hepatoprotective test, mice were treated orally with the ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fraction of the ethanol extract at doses of 50 and 75 mg/kg/day for one week and subjected to d-galactosamine/lipopolysaccharide (GaIN/LPS)-induced hepatotoxicity. Blood samples were collected for alanine aminotransferase (ALAT), aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT), TNF-α and IL-1β assays. The liver was harvested for histological and biochemical (proteins, glutathione (GSH), catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD)) analysis. RESULTS The ethanol extract and fractions induced concentration-dependent inhibition of lipid peroxidation (IC50: 3.21-48.90 μg/mL) greater than that of silymarin (IC50: 117.4 μg/mL). The purification of the sub-fractions of EtOAc fraction yielded: (7R)-7-hydroxyhexacosanoic acid (1), (7R)-1-(7-hydroxyhexacosanoyl) glycerol (2), bergenin (3), 11-O-galloylbergenin (4), 2-hydroxymethyl-5-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)phenol (5), β-sitosterol 3-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl (6) and β-sitosterol (7)), among which 11-O-galloylbergenin (IC50:1.8 μg/mL) was the most effective. The EtOAc fraction significantly reduced the serum level of ALAT, ASAT and TNF-α in vivo. This EtOAc fraction increased the liver protein content and protected the liver against structural damages, but did not boost the endogenous antioxidant parameters. CONCLUSION The stem bark of Pentaclethra macrophylla possesses hepatoprotective effects that may result from its capacity to inhibit lipid peroxidation and could be attributed to its active components 3, 4 and 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyrille Lionel Kamga Bomgning
- Research Unit of Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon.
| | - Pierre Valery Kemdoum Sinda
- Research Unit of Environmental and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon.
| | - Beaudelaire Kemvoufo Ponou
- Research Unit of Environmental and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon.
| | - Agathe Lambou Fotio
- Department of Zoology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, P.O. Box 63, Buea, Cameroon.
| | - Mathias Kenfack Tsague
- Research Unit of Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon.
| | - Borice Tapondjou Tsafack
- Research Unit of Environmental and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon.
| | - Jonas Kühlborn
- Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Department of Chemistry, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Elvine Pami Mbuyo-Nguelefack
- Research Unit of Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon.
| | - Rémy Bertrand Teponno
- Research Unit of Environmental and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon.
| | - Till Opatz
- Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Department of Chemistry, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Léon Azefack Tapondjou
- Research Unit of Environmental and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon.
| | - Télesphore Benoit Nguelefack
- Research Unit of Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon.
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Porto ICCDM, Rocha ABDB, Ferreira IIS, de Barros BM, Ávila EC, da Silva MC, de Oliveira MPS, Lôbo TDLGF, Oliveira JMDS, do Nascimento TG, de Freitas JMD, de Freitas JD. Polyphenols and Brazilian red propolis incorporated into a total-etching adhesive system help in maintaining bonding durability. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06237. [PMID: 33665421 PMCID: PMC7898005 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the degree of conversion and bond strength of a commercial dental adhesive modified by the incorporation of quercetin, resveratrol (RES), and Brazilian red propolis (BRP). Methods BRP markers were identified using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a diode array detector, and the antioxidant activity (AAO) of the three substances was analyzed. Single Bond 2 adhesive (3M ESPE) was modified by adding BRP, quercetin, and RES, separately, at 20 μg/mL, 250 μg/mL, and 500 μg/mL, respectively. The degree of conversion (DC) was measured using near-infrared spectroscopy 24 h after photopolymerization. Measurements of the resin-dentin microtensile bond strength (μTBS) were carried out after 1 day and 1 year. Student's t test and ANOVA with Tukey's test were used for data analysis (α = 0.05). Results The markers daidzein, liquiritigenin, pinobanksin, isoliquiritigenin, formononetin, pinocembrin, and biochanin A were found in the ethanolic extract of BRP. Quercetin, RES, and BRP showed high AAO. The DC of the tested adhesives remained adequate for this category of material, with a slight increase in the DC of adhesives with quercetin and BRP (P > 0.05). Comparisons between μTBS measurements made at 1 day and 1 year showed that, contrary to the control group, μTBS values for all modified adhesives were maintained after 1 year in distilled water (P > 0.05). Conclusions These findings suggest that quercetin, RES, or BRP might be useful in adhesive dentistry to help improve hybrid layer resistance. Clinical significance Dentin bonding agents with quercetin, RES, and BRP have potential to increase the longevity of composite restorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Cristina Celerino de Moraes Porto
- Laboratoty of Characterization and Analysis of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Alagoas, Campus AC Simões, Av. Lourival Melo Mota, S/N, Tabuleiro do Martins, CEP 57072-970, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil.,Laboratory of Pharmaceutical and Food Analysis, Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Campus A. C. Simões, CEP 57072-970, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Arthur Bezerra de Barros Rocha
- Laboratoty of Characterization and Analysis of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Alagoas, Campus AC Simões, Av. Lourival Melo Mota, S/N, Tabuleiro do Martins, CEP 57072-970, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Iverson Iago Soares Ferreira
- Laboratoty of Characterization and Analysis of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Alagoas, Campus AC Simões, Av. Lourival Melo Mota, S/N, Tabuleiro do Martins, CEP 57072-970, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Bruna Muritiba de Barros
- Laboratoty of Characterization and Analysis of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Alagoas, Campus AC Simões, Av. Lourival Melo Mota, S/N, Tabuleiro do Martins, CEP 57072-970, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Eryck Canabarra Ávila
- Laboratoty of Characterization and Analysis of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Alagoas, Campus AC Simões, Av. Lourival Melo Mota, S/N, Tabuleiro do Martins, CEP 57072-970, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Matheus Corrêa da Silva
- Laboratoty of Characterization and Analysis of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Alagoas, Campus AC Simões, Av. Lourival Melo Mota, S/N, Tabuleiro do Martins, CEP 57072-970, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Marcos Paulo Santana de Oliveira
- Laboratoty of Characterization and Analysis of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Alagoas, Campus AC Simões, Av. Lourival Melo Mota, S/N, Tabuleiro do Martins, CEP 57072-970, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Teresa de Lisieux Guedes Ferreira Lôbo
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical and Food Analysis, Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Campus A. C. Simões, CEP 57072-970, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - José Marcos Dos Santos Oliveira
- Postgraduate Program in Health Research, Cesmac University Center, Rua Prof. Ângelo Neto, 51, Farol, CEP 57051-530, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Ticiano Gomes do Nascimento
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical and Food Analysis, Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Campus A. C. Simões, CEP 57072-970, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Jeniffer Mclaine Duarte de Freitas
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical and Food Analysis, Postgraduate Program in Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Alagoas, Campus A. C. Simões, CEP 57072-970, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Johnnatan Duarte de Freitas
- Department of Chemistry, Federal Institute of Alagoas, Rua Mizael Domingues, 75, Campus Maceió, CEP 57020-600, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
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