1
|
Fathima A, Jeevanandan G. Interrelationship Between Intelligence Quotient and Space Maintainers Among Children: A Cross-Sectional Comparative Study. Cureus 2023; 15:e50752. [PMID: 38239514 PMCID: PMC10794789 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.50752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Intelligence quotient (IQ) is an indicator to measure a child's cognitive ability to learn or understand and to deal with new situations with their logical and analytical skills. Children with better IQ exhibit increased cooperation when undergoing dental treatments, leading to a positive attitude toward dental care. The primary aim of the study was to assess the interrelationship between the IQ of children, space maintainer therapy, and the behavior of children aged 6-10 years. Materials and methods A total of 104 children were divided into two groups: group 1 included children undergoing space maintainer therapy and group 2 included children who did not undergo space maintainer therapy. Their IQ scores were assessed using Raven's Coloured Progressive Matrices and behavior and the Frankl behavior rating scale. The data were analyzed by SPSS Version 23 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). Independent t-tests were used to evaluate the differences between IQ and children with space maintainers, and Mann-Whitney U tests were used to assess the differences between behavior and space maintainers. Results The mean age of the participants was approximately 8.28 years. The mean IQ score of the group of children undergoing the space maintainer therapy was 90.69 ± 7.65 and that of the control group was 105.59±10.71. Based on the Frankl behavior rating scale, the mean score in the space maintainer group was 35.44 and that of the control group was 69.56. There was a significant association between IQ, behavior, and the presence of space maintainers. Conclusion The group of children undergoing space maintainer therapy demonstrated comparatively lesser IQ, and the majority of children exhibited negative behavior. Also, children wearing space maintainers had undergone one or multiple extractions, which is traumatic for children and may lead to them likely exhibiting a negative behavior than children in the control group. Hence, it may be concluded that intelligence, behavior, and space maintainers are all significantly associated with each other.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Fathima
- Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College And Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Ganesh Jeevanandan
- Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhu Z, Shen J, Zhu Y, Wang L, Qi Q, Wang X, Li C, Andegiorgish AK, Elhoumed M, Cheng Y, Dibley MJ, Zeng L. Head circumference trajectories during the first two years of life and cognitive development, emotional, and behavior problems in adolescence: a cohort study. Eur J Pediatr 2022; 181:3401-3411. [PMID: 35802207 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-022-04554-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The associations of early-life head circumference (HC) with child neurodevelopmental and mental health among generally healthy population remain unclear. We aimed to examine the associations of early-life HC trajectories with cognitive development and emotional and behavioral problems in adolescence and to identify the HC growth-sensitive period. We conducted a prospective, community-based birth cohort study in rural western China, and 745 adolescents aged 10-14 years were followed between June and December 2016. We assessed their HC eight times during the first 2 years of life and their adolescent cognitive, emotional, and behavioral outcomes using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-IV and Youth Self-Report-2001, respectively. We applied group-based trajectory modeling to identify the HC trajectories and conditional growth to derive the HC growth-sensitive periods. We identified five distinct HC trajectories characterized as Start below average-then decrease (7.8% of the sample), Start below average-then increase (6.8%), Start average-then decrease (33%), Consistently average (38%), and Consistently above average (14%). Infants in the trajectory of consistently above average had higher cognitive scores in adolescence compared to those from suboptimal trajectories, with adjusted mean differences ranging from 2.84 to 8.99 points. The conditional gains showed that the HC growth-sensitive period was between 0 and 18 months for child cognition. We found null associations between HC measures and adolescent emotional and behavioral problem scores. CONCLUSION Early-life HC trajectories were associated with adolescent cognitive development. HC may serve as an inexpensive screening tool to monitor child development at risk during the first 18 months, particularly in resource-limited settings. WHAT IS KNOWN • Postnatal head circumference (HC) has been shown to be associated with cognitive development in infants who were born premature and/or fetal growth restriction, while inconsistent associations were reported among generally healthy populations, especially in low- and middle- income countries, challenging its utility in public health practices. WHAT IS NEW • Adolescents in the HC growth trajectory of consistently above average had higher cognitive scores compared to those with other suboptimal trajectories, while null findings were observed for adolescent emotional and behavioral health. • HC may serve as an inexpensive screening tool to monitor child development at risk during the first 18 months of life, particularly in resource-limited settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghai Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xian Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, No.76, Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiali Shen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xian Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, No.76, Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingze Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xian Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, No.76, Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xian Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, No.76, Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Qi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xian Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, No.76, Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueyao Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xian Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, No.76, Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xian Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, No.76, Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Amanuel Kidane Andegiorgish
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xian Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, No.76, Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Mohamed Elhoumed
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xian Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, No.76, Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
- National Institute of Public Health Research (INRSP), BP. 695, Nouakchott, Mauritania
| | - Yue Cheng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety Research, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Michael J Dibley
- The Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lingxia Zeng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xian Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, No.76, Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Harris JA, Hashim E, Larson K, Caprio RM, Gordon AM, Resnick CM. Early weight gain in infants with Robin sequence after mandibular distraction. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2022; 51:1305-1310. [PMID: 35177311 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2022.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This retrospective cohort study was performed to assess weight gain in infants with Robin sequence (RS) treated by mandibular distraction osteogenesis (MDO). The primary outcome variable was average daily weight gain for the following time periods: (1) birth to MDO (T1), (2) MDO to distractor removal (T2), (3) distractor removal to 6 months later (T3), and (4) 6 months to 12 months following distractor removal (T4). Published growth curves were used for comparison. Differences were assessed using the Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank test. Twenty-two infants were included in the study. During T1, the infants had 9.47 ± 12.61 g/day less weight gain than expected (P = 0.001). However, for T2, T3, and T4, the infants demonstrated 3.48 ± 6.17 g/day (P = 0.028), 2.19 ± 4.47 g/day (P = 0.030), and 1.83 ± 3.25 g/day (P = 0.028) more weight gain than expected. Feeding tube use resulted in improved weight gain during T1 (P < 0.001), but was associated with poorer weight gain in T3 (P = 0.003) and T4 (P = 0.001). In conclusion, infants with RS treated by MDO demonstrated poorer weight gain relative to their peers between birth and the MDO operation. However, from the MDO procedure to 12 months post-distractor removal, infants who had MDO showed faster weight gain than their age-matched peers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J A Harris
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - E Hashim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - K Larson
- Division of Otolaryngology and Communication Enhancement, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - R M Caprio
- Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - A M Gordon
- Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - C M Resnick
- Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Malnutrition in early life and its neurodevelopmental and cognitive consequences: a scoping review. Nutr Res Rev 2021; 35:136-149. [PMID: 34100353 DOI: 10.1017/s0954422421000159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The negative impact of stunting and severe underweight on cognitive neurodevelopment of children is well documented; however, the effect of overweight/obesity is still unclear. The 2018 Global Nutrition Report reported that stunting and overweight concurrently affect 189 million children worldwide. As existing reviews discuss undernutrition and overweight/obesity separately, this scoping review aims to document the impact of mild/moderate and severe underweight, stunting, and overweight/obesity among children aged 0-60 months on their cognitive neurodevelopmental trajectories. Twenty-six articles were analysed to extract significant information from literature retrieved from PubMed and Cochrane databases published from 1 January 2009 to 31 October 2019. Length gain is associated with cognitive neurodevelopment in normo-nourished and stunted children aged under 24 months. Among stunted children, it seems that cognitive and neurodevelopmental deficits can potentially be recovered before 8 years of age, particularly in those whose nutritional status has improved. The impact of overweight/obesity on cognitive neurodevelopment appears to be limited to attention, gross motor skills and executive control. Parental education level, birth weight/length, breastfeeding duration, and sanitation level are some identifiable factors that modify the impact of undernutrition and overweight/obesity on cognitive and neurodevelopment. In conclusion, underweight, stunting and overweight/obesity have a significant impact on cognitive neurodevelopment. Multidimensional approaches with various stakeholders should address all issues simultaneously, such as improving sanitation levels, assuring parental job security and adequate social welfare, and providing access to adequate nutrients for catch-up growth among underweight or stunted children and to affordable healthy foods for those who are overweight/obese and from low socio-economic status.
Collapse
|
5
|
Ahmed A, Kramer MS, Bernard JY, Perez Trejo ME, Martin RM, Oken E, Yang S. Early childhood growth trajectory and later cognitive ability: evidence from a large prospective birth cohort of healthy term-born children. Int J Epidemiol 2021; 49:1998-2009. [PMID: 32743654 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyaa105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most studies of associations between child growth and cognitive ability were based on size at one or two ages and a single measure of cognition. We aimed to characterize different aspects of early growth and their associations with cognitive outcomes in childhood through adolescence. METHODS In a sample of 12 368 Belarusian children born at term, we examined associations of length/height and weight trajectories over the first 6.5 years of life with cognitive ability at 6.5 and 16 years and its change over time. We estimated growth trajectories using two random-effects models-the SuperImposition by Translation and Rotation to model overall patterns of growth and the Jenss-Bayley to distinguish growth in infancy from post infancy. Cognitive ability was measured using the Wechsler Abbreviated Scales of Intelligence at 6.5 years and the computerized NeuroTrax test at 16 years. RESULTS Higher length/height between birth and 6.5 years was associated with higher cognitive scores at 6.5 and 16 years {2.7 points [95% confidence interval (CI): 2.1, 3.2] and 2.5 points [95% CI: 1.9, 3.0], respectively, per standard deviation [SD] increase}. A 1-SD delay in the childhood height-growth spurt was negatively associated with cognitive scores [-2.4 (95% CI: -3.0, -1.8) at age 6.5; -2.2 (95% CI: -2.7, -1.6) at 16 years]. Birth size and post-infancy growth velocity were positively associated with cognitive scores at both ages. Height trajectories were not associated with the change in cognitive score. Similar results were observed for weight trajectories. CONCLUSIONS Among term infants, the overall size, timing of the childhood growth spurt, size at birth and post-infancy growth velocity were all associated with cognitive ability at early-school age and adolescence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asma Ahmed
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Michael S Kramer
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jonathan Y Bernard
- Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Statistics (CRESS), Research Team on Early Life Origins of Health, Villejuif, France.,Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | | | - Richard M Martin
- Bristol Medical School, Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Emily Oken
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse (CoRAL), Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Seungmi Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Benkeser D, Mertens A, Colford JM, Hubbard A, Arnold BF, Stein A, van der Laan MJ. A machine learning-based approach for estimating and testing associations with multivariate outcomes. Int J Biostat 2020; 17:7-21. [PMID: 32784265 DOI: 10.1515/ijb-2019-0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We propose a method for summarizing the strength of association between a set of variables and a multivariate outcome. Classical summary measures are appropriate when linear relationships exist between covariates and outcomes, while our approach provides an alternative that is useful in situations where complex relationships may be present. We utilize machine learning to detect nonlinear relationships and covariate interactions and propose a measure of association that captures these relationships. A hypothesis test about the proposed associative measure can be used to test the strong null hypothesis of no association between a set of variables and a multivariate outcome. Simulations demonstrate that this hypothesis test has greater power than existing methods against alternatives where covariates have nonlinear relationships with outcomes. We additionally propose measures of variable importance for groups of variables, which summarize each groups' association with the outcome. We demonstrate our methodology using data from a birth cohort study on childhood health and nutrition in the Philippines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Benkeser
- Emory University, School of Public Health, Atlanta, 30322, USA
| | - Andrew Mertens
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, USA
| | - John M Colford
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, USA
| | - Alan Hubbard
- Department of Biostatistics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, USA
| | - Benjamin F Arnold
- Francis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Fransisco, USA
| | - Aryeh Stein
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, USA
| | - Mark J van der Laan
- Department of Biostatistics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kirkegaard H, Möller S, Wu C, Häggström J, Olsen SF, Olsen J, Nohr EA. Associations of birth size, infancy, and childhood growth with intelligence quotient at 5 years of age: a Danish cohort study. Am J Clin Nutr 2020; 112:96-105. [PMID: 32232408 PMCID: PMC7326594 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The correlates of prenatal and postnatal growth on Intelligence Quotient (IQ) in childhood in term-born children living in high-income countries are not well known. OBJECTIVES We examined how birth size and growth in infancy and childhood were associated with IQ at age 5 y in term-born children using path analysis. METHODS The study sample comprised 1719 children from the Danish National Birth Cohort who participated in a substudy in which psychologists assessed IQ using the Wechsler Primary and Preschool Scales of Intelligence-Revised. Measured weight, length/height, and head circumference at birth, 5 mo, 12 mo, and 5 y were included in a path model to estimate their total, indirect, and direct effects on IQ. All growth measures were included in the model as sex- and age-standardized z-scores. RESULTS After adjusting for potential confounders, a positive association between birth weight and IQ was observed, and 88% of the association was direct. Weight gain in infancy was associated with IQ [per z-score increase from 5 to 12 mo, IQ increased by 1.53 (95% CI: 0.14; 2.92) points] whereas weight gain from 12 mo to 5 y was not associated with IQ. Height and head circumference growth in childhood was associated with IQ [per z-score increase from 12 mo to 5 y, IQ increased by 0.98 (95% CI: 0.17; 1.79) and 2.09 (95% CI: 0.78; 3.41) points, respectively]. CONCLUSIONS In children born at term in an affluent country with free access to health care, higher IQ was seen with greater size at birth and greater weight gain in infancy. Also, greater growth in height and head circumference throughout the first 5 y of life was associated with higher childhood IQ whereas greater weight gain after the first year of life was not.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sören Möller
- Open Patient Data Explorative Network (OPEN), Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark and Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Chunsen Wu
- Research Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Sjurdur Frodi Olsen
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jørn Olsen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ellen Aagaard Nohr
- Research Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Greger HK, Hanem LGE, Østgård HF, Vanky E. Cognitive function in metformin exposed children, born to mothers with PCOS - follow-up of an RCT. BMC Pediatr 2020; 20:60. [PMID: 32039724 PMCID: PMC7008569 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-020-1960-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metformin is widely used in pregnancy to treat gestational diabetes mellitus and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Association between PCOS and developmental delay in offspring, and larger head circumference of metformin-exposed newborns has been reported. The objective of this study was to explore whether metformin exposure in utero had any effect on offspring cognitive function. METHOD The current study is a follow-up of two randomized, placebo-controlled studies which were conducted at 11 public hospitals in Norway In the baseline studies (conducted in 2000-2003, and 2005-2009), participants were randomized to metformin 1700 and 2000 mg/d or placebo from first trimester to delivery. There was no intervention in the current study. We invited parents of 292 children to give permission for their children to participate; 93 children were included (mean age 7.7 years). The follow-up study was conducted in 2014-2016. The Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence version III and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children version IV were applied for cognitive assessment. Androstenedione and testosterone were measured in maternal blood samples at four time-points in pregnancy. RESULTS We found no difference in mean, full scale IQ in metformin (100.0 (SD 13.2)) vs. placebo-exposed (100.9 (SD 10.1)) children. There was an association between metformin exposure in utero and borderline intellectual function of children (full scale IQ between 70 and 85). Free testosterone index in gestational week 19, and androstenedione in gestational week 36 correlated positively to full scale IQ. CONCLUSIONS We found no evidence of long-term effect of metformin on average child cognitive function. The increase of borderline intellectual functioning in metformin-exposed children must be interpreted with caution due to small sample size. TRIAL REGISTRATION The baseline study was registered on 12 September 2005 at the US National Institute of Health (ClinicalTrials.gov) # NCT00159536.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanne Klæboe Greger
- Departement of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU -Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway. .,St.Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Liv Guro Engen Hanem
- St.Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU -Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Eszter Vanky
- St.Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU -Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Flensborg-Madsen T, Falgreen Eriksen HL, Mortensen EL. Early life predictors of intelligence in young adulthood and middle age. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228144. [PMID: 31990952 PMCID: PMC6986721 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies on early predictors of intelligence often focus on single or few predictors and often on childhood intelligence. This study compared the contributions of a broad selection of potential early predictors of intelligence at different adult ages. METHODS Information on predictors was recorded prospectively in the Copenhagen Perinatal Cohort during pregnancy, at delivery, and at 1- and 3-year examinations for children born between 1959-61. Adult intelligence was assessed at three independent follow-ups using three different tests of intelligence: Børge Priens Prøve, Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, and Intelligenz-Struktur-Test 2000R. From a total of 4697 cohort members, three non-overlapping samples were derived. RESULTS The included predictors explained between 22.2-24.3% of the variance in adult IQ, with parental socioeconomic status and sex explaining 16.2-17.0%. Other consistent predictors were head circumference at birth, increase in head circumference head during the first three years, and 3-year milestones. Head circumference was the most important anthropometric measure compared to measures of weight and length. CONCLUSION Besides social status and sex, the strongest and most consistent early predictors of adult intelligence were physical or behavioural characteristics that to some extent reflect brain-and cognitive development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Trine Flensborg-Madsen
- Unit of Medical Psychology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Erik Lykke Mortensen
- Unit of Medical Psychology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
The associations between growth during early life and subsequent cognitive development and physical outcomes are not widely known in low-resource settings. We examined postnatal weight and height gain through early life and related these measurements to the nutritional status and intellectual development of the same children when they were between 7 and 9 years old. Mothers had enrolled in an randomised controlled trial to evaluate the effect of prenatal micronutrient supplementation on birth weight. Their children were born in 2004, their height and weight were measured at 6, 12, 18 and 24 months of age and were followed up between October 2012 and September 2013 (at ages 7-9 years, n 650). Height-for-age, weight-for-age and BMI-for-age were used to describe the nutritional status, and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children fourth edition was used to measure the intellectual function. Multilevel linear and logistic modelling was used to estimate the association between early growth and subsequent growth and intellectual function. After adjustment, weight gain from 6 to 12 months of age was associated with Full-scale Intelligence Quotient, Verbal Comprehension Index, Working Memory Index and Perceptual Reasoning Index. Weight gain during early life was associated with subsequent nutritional status. For every 1 kg increase in weight during the 0- to 6-month period, the OR for underweight, thinness and stunting at 7-9 years of age were 0·19 (95 % CI 0·09, 0·37), 0·34 (95 % CI 0·19, 0·59) and 0·40 (95 % CI 0·19, 0·83), respectively. Weight gain during the periods of 6-12 months of age and 18-24 months of age was also associated with a lower risk of being underweight. Weight gain during early life was associated with better growth outcomes and improved intellectual development in young school-aged children.
Collapse
|
11
|
Pivik R, Andres A, Tennal KB, Gu Y, Downs H, Bellando BJ, Jarratt K, Cleves MA, Badger TM. Resting gamma power during the postnatal critical period for GABAergic system development is modulated by infant diet and sex. Int J Psychophysiol 2019; 135:73-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
12
|
Han K, Hadjipantelis PZ, Wang JL, Kramer MS, Yang S, Martin RM, Müller HG. Functional principal component analysis for identifying multivariate patterns and archetypes of growth, and their association with long-term cognitive development. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207073. [PMID: 30419052 PMCID: PMC6231639 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
For longitudinal studies with multivariate observations, we propose statistical methods to identify clusters of archetypal subjects by using techniques from functional data analysis and to relate longitudinal patterns to outcomes. We demonstrate how this approach can be applied to examine associations between multiple time-varying exposures and subsequent health outcomes, where the former are recorded sparsely and irregularly in time, with emphasis on the utility of multiple longitudinal observations in the framework of dimension reduction techniques. In applications to children’s growth data, we investigate archetypes of infant growth patterns and identify subgroups that are related to cognitive development in childhood. Specifically, “Stunting” and “Faltering” time-dynamic patterns of head circumference, body length and weight in the first 12 months are associated with lower levels of long-term cognitive development in comparison to “Generally Large” and “Catch-up” growth. Our findings provide evidence for the statistical association between multivariate growth patterns in infancy and long-term cognitive development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyunghee Han
- Department of Statistics, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Pantelis Z. Hadjipantelis
- Department of Statistics, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Jane-Ling Wang
- Department of Statistics, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Michael S. Kramer
- Departments of Pediatrics and of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Seungmi Yang
- Departments of Pediatrics and of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Richard M. Martin
- Bristol Medical School, Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Hans-Georg Müller
- Department of Statistics, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wang L, Mu S, Xu X, Shi Z, Shen L. Effects of dietary nucleotide supplementation on growth in infants: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Eur J Nutr 2018; 58:1213-1221. [PMID: 29616323 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-018-1640-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Dietary nucleotides are thought to be conditionally essential nutrients in infancy. However, studies have reported inconsistent findings regarding the association between nucleotide supplementation and infant physical growth. We conducted this meta-analysis to examine the efficacy of nucleotide supplementation of infant formula in promoting early infant growth. METHODS Randomized controlled trials that evaluated the association between nucleotide supplementation and infant growth through June 2017 were included. Study quality was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration's Risk of Bias tool. Standardized mean differences (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Heterogeneity was assessed using Q and I2 tests. RESULTS Nucleotide supplementation significantly increased the rate of weight gain (SMD 0.26; 95% CI 0.06-0.47), but had no effect on weight (SMD - 0.16; 95% CI - 0.55-0.23), weight Z score (SMD, - 0.42; 95% CI - 1.64-0.81), length (SMD 0.01; 95% CI - 0.18-0.21) and length Z score (SMD 0.15; 95% CI - 0.10-0.40). Occipitofrontal head circumference (OFC) at 7-8 weeks (SMD 0.30; 95% CI 0.10-0.50) and the rate of OFC gain (SMD 0.34; 95% CI 0.09-0.58) were significantly improved with nucleotide supplementation, whereas, 16- and 20-week OFC values did not differ. CONCLUSIONS Our meta-analysis indicated that nucleotide supplementation can increase the rate of weight gain, OFC and rate of OFC gain; however, we cannot conclude that it affects weight, weight Z score, length or length Z score. Large-scale randomized controlled trials of long-term nucleotide supplementation are needed to reach definitive conclusions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lanfang Wang
- Institute of Nutrition and Healthy Food, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Shu Mu
- Institute of Nutrition and Healthy Food, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xiaoyan Xu
- Institute of Nutrition and Healthy Food, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Zhexi Shi
- Institute of Nutrition and Healthy Food, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Li Shen
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Harris AL, Okorie CS. Assessing Marijuana Use During Pregnancy. Nurs Womens Health 2017; 21:207-216. [PMID: 28599742 DOI: 10.1016/j.nwh.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Recreational and medicinal marijuana uses have become more prevalent in recent years. Women's health nurses are increasingly likely to encounter pregnant women who use or have used marijuana. Research has found that inadequate screening for substance use, inadequate knowledge about the effects of marijuana use, and punitive counseling are barriers to women's understanding of the importance of seeking treatment for substance use. Provision of evidence-based counseling, education, and resources support women and strengthen the patient-provider relationship. Women's health nurses can gain a basic understanding of the effects of perinatal marijuana use and create a plan for women who have positive screening results. This article reviews two recent studies that examine marijuana use during pregnancy and suggest interventions that women's health nurses can implement.
Collapse
|
15
|
Sutin AR, Stephan Y, Terracciano A. Breastfeeding and Adult Personality. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2016; 30:484-491. [PMID: 28966441 DOI: 10.1002/per.2030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Five Factor Model (FFM) personality traits are implicated in long-term health-risk behaviors and outcomes. Less research has addressed how early-life experiences are associated with individual differences in these traits in adulthood. We examine whether having been breastfed is associated with adult personality and well-being in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health. At Wave 1, caregivers reported whether the target child had been breastfed. At Wave 4, participants (N=13,113; 53% female; Mage=28.98) completed measures of psychological functioning. We tested for mean-level differences in the traits by breastfeeding status (yes/no) and by the duration of breastfeeding, controlling for basic demographic factors and early-life factors that could confound the breastfeeding-personality association (e.g., mother education). Participants who had been breastfed scored lower in neuroticism, anxiety, and hostility and higher in openness and optimism than those not breastfed. A curvilinear relation suggested that neuroticism was lowest for those breastfed for 9-12 months and highest for those either breastfed for >24 months or exclusively bottle-fed. Breastfeeding was unrelated to conscientiousness or state psychological functioning. This research suggests long-term psychological benefits to breastfeeding and indicates that early life experiences are associated with traits that are consequential for adult health.
Collapse
|
16
|
Gilbert-Diamond D, Emond JA, Baker ER, Korrick SA, Karagas MR. Relation between in Utero Arsenic Exposure and Birth Outcomes in a Cohort of Mothers and Their Newborns from New Hampshire. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2016; 124:1299-307. [PMID: 26955061 PMCID: PMC4977046 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1510065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies suggest that arsenic exposure influences birth outcomes; however, findings are mixed. OBJECTIVE We assessed in utero arsenic exposure in relation to birth outcomes and whether maternal prepregnancy weight and infant sex modified the associations. METHODS Among 706 mother-infant pairs exposed to low levels of arsenic through drinking water and diet, we assessed in utero arsenic exposure using maternal second-trimester urinary arsenic, maternal prepregnancy weight through self-report, and birth outcomes from medical records. RESULTS Median (interquartile range) of total urinary arsenic [tAs; inorganic arsenic (iAs) + monomethylarsonic acid (MMA) + dimethylarsinic acid (DMA)] was 3.4 μg/L (1.7-6.0). In adjusted linear models, each doubling of tAs was associated with a 0.10-cm decrease (95% CI: -0.19, -0.01) in head circumference. Results were similar for MMA and DMA. Ln(tAs) and ln(DMA) were positively associated with birth length in infant males only; among males, each doubling of tAs was associated with a 0.28-cm increase (95% CI: 0.09, 0.46) in birth length (pinteraction = 0.04). Results were similar for DMA. Additionally, arsenic exposure was inversely related to ponderal index, and associations differed by maternal weight. Each ln(tAs) doubling of tAs was associated with a 0.55-kg/m3 lower (95% CI: -0.82, -0.28, p < 0.001) ponderal index for infants of overweight/obese, but not normal-weight, mothers (pinteraction < 0.01). Finally, there was a significant interaction between maternal weight status, infant sex, and arsenic exposure on birth weight (pinteraction = 0.03). In girls born of overweight/obese mothers, each doubling of tAs was associated with a 62.9-g decrease (95% CI: -111.6, -14.2) in birth weight, though the association was null in the other strata. CONCLUSIONS Low-level arsenic exposure may affect fetal growth, and the associations may be modified by maternal weight status and infant sex. CITATION Gilbert-Diamond D, Emond JA, Baker ER, Korrick SA, Karagas MR. 2016. Relation between in utero arsenic exposure and birth outcomes in a cohort of mothers and their newborns from New Hampshire. Environ Health Perspect 124:1299-1307; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1510065.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diane Gilbert-Diamond
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
- Children’s Environmental Health and Disease Prevention Center at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Jennifer A. Emond
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Emily R. Baker
- Children’s Environmental Health and Disease Prevention Center at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Susan A. Korrick
- Children’s Environmental Health and Disease Prevention Center at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Margaret R. Karagas
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
- Children’s Environmental Health and Disease Prevention Center at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Scott-Goodwin A, Puerto M, Moreno I. Toxic effects of prenatal exposure to alcohol, tobacco and other drugs. Reprod Toxicol 2016; 61:120-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2016.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
|
18
|
Reiss R, Chang ET, Richardson RJ, Goodman M. A review of epidemiologic studies of low-level exposures to organophosphorus insecticides in non-occupational populations. Crit Rev Toxicol 2015; 45:531-641. [DOI: 10.3109/10408444.2015.1043976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
19
|
Rice MS, Valentine CJ. Neonatal Body Composition: Measuring Lean Mass as a Tool to Guide Nutrition Management in the Neonate. Nutr Clin Pract 2015; 30:625-32. [PMID: 25908606 DOI: 10.1177/0884533615578917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Neonatal nutrition adequacy is often determined by infant weight gain. The aim of this review is to summarize what is currently known about neonatal body composition and the use of body composition as a measure for adequate neonatal nutrition. Unlike traditional anthropometric measures of height and weight, body composition measurements account for fat vs nonfat mass gains. This provides a more accurate picture of neonatal composition of weight gain. Providing adequate neonatal nutrition in the form of quantity and composition can be a challenge, especially when considering the delicate balance of providing adequate nutrition to preterm infants for catch-up growth. Monitoring weight gain as fat mass and nonfat mass while documenting dietary intake of fat, protein, and carbohydrate in formulas may help provide the medical community the tools to provide optimal nutrition for catch-up growth and for improved neurodevelopmental outcomes. Tracking body composition in term and preterm infants may also provide critical future information concerning the nutritional state of infants who go on to develop future disease such as obesity, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia as adolescents or adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa S Rice
- Division of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Human Milk and Lactation, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio Parkview Regional Medical Center, Fort Wayne, Indiana. Dr Valentine is now employed by Mead Johnson Nutrition, Evansville, Indiana
| | - Christina J Valentine
- Division of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Human Milk and Lactation, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Jaques SC, Kingsbury A, Henshcke P, Chomchai C, Clews S, Falconer J, Abdel-Latif ME, Feller JM, Oei JL. Cannabis, the pregnant woman and her child: weeding out the myths. J Perinatol 2014; 34:417-24. [PMID: 24457255 DOI: 10.1038/jp.2013.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Revised: 11/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
To review and summarise the literature reporting on cannabis use within western communities with specific reference to patterns of use, the pharmacology of its major psychoactive compounds, including placental and fetal transfer, and the impact of maternal cannabis use on pregnancy, the newborn infant and the developing child. Review of published articles, governmental guidelines and data and book chapters. Although cannabis is one of the most widely used illegal drugs, there is limited data about the prevalence of cannabis use in pregnant women, and it is likely that reported rates of exposure are significantly underestimated. With much of the available literature focusing on the impact of other illicit drugs such as opioids and stimulants, the effects of cannabis use in pregnancy on the developing fetus remain uncertain. Current evidence indicates that cannabis use both during pregnancy and lactation, may adversely affect neurodevelopment, especially during periods of critical brain growth both in the developing fetal brain and during adolescent maturation, with impacts on neuropsychiatric, behavioural and executive functioning. These reported effects may influence future adult productivity and lifetime outcomes. Despite the widespread use of cannabis by young women, there is limited information available about the impact perinatal cannabis use on the developing fetus and child, particularly the effects of cannabis use while breast feeding. Women who are using cannabis while pregnant and breast feeding should be advised of what is known about the potential adverse effects on fetal growth and development and encouraged to either stop using or decrease their use. Long-term follow-up of exposed children is crucial as neurocognitive and behavioural problems may benefit from early intervention aimed to reduce future problems such as delinquency, depression and substance use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S C Jaques
- Department of Newborn Care, Royal Hospital for Women, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - A Kingsbury
- Mater Miseriacordiae Health Service Brisbane, Mater Mothers' Hospital, South Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - P Henshcke
- Mercy Women's Hospital, Heidelberg, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - S Clews
- The Langton Centre, Surry Hills, NSW, Australia
| | - J Falconer
- The Langton Centre, Surry Hills, NSW, Australia
| | - M E Abdel-Latif
- The Centenary Hospital for Women and Children, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - J M Feller
- 1] The Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia [2] School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - J L Oei
- 1] Department of Newborn Care, Royal Hospital for Women, Randwick, NSW, Australia [2] School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|