1
|
Langley D, Zimmermann K, Krenske E, Stefanutti G, Kimble RM, Holland AJA, Fear MW, Wood FM, Kenna T, Cuttle L. Unremitting pro-inflammatory T-cell phenotypes, and macrophage activity, following paediatric burn injury. Clin Transl Immunology 2024; 13:e1496. [PMID: 38463658 PMCID: PMC10921233 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study was to characterise the dynamic immune profile of paediatric burn patients for up to 18 months post-burn. Methods Flow cytometry was used to measure 25 cell markers, chemokines and cytokines which reflected both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory immune profiles. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 6 paediatric burn patients who had returned for repeated burn and scar treatments for > 4 timepoints within 12 months post-burn were compared to four age-matched healthy controls. Results While overall proportions of T cells, NK cells and macrophages remained relatively constant, over time percentages of these immune cells differentiated into effector and proinflammatory cell phenotypes including Th17 and activated γδ T cells. Circulating proportions of γδ T cells increased their expression of pro-inflammatory mediators throughout the burn recovery, with a 3-6 fold increase of IL-17 at 1-3 weeks, and NFκβ 9-18 months post-burn. T-regulatory cell plasticity was also observed, and Treg phenotype proportions changed from systemically reduced skin-homing T-regs (CCR4+) and increased inflammatory (CCR6+) at 1-month post-burn, to double-positive cell types (CCR4+CCR6+) elevated in circulation for 18 months post-burn. Furthermore, Tregs were observed to proportionally express less IL-10 but increased TNF-α over 18 months. Conclusion Overall, these results indicate the circulating percentages of immune cells do not increase or decrease over time post-burn, instead they become highly specialised, inflammatory and skin-homing. In this patient population, these changes persisted for at least 18 months post-burn, this 'immune distraction' may limit the ability of immune cells to prioritise other threats post-burn, such as respiratory infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donna Langley
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of HealthQueensland University of Technology (QUT)South BrisbaneQLDAustralia
- Centre for Immunology and Infection Control (CIIC)QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology (QUT)BrisbaneQLDAustralia
- Centre for Biomedical Technology (CBT)Queensland University of Technology (QUT)Kelvin GroveQLDAustralia
| | - Kate Zimmermann
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of HealthQueensland University of Technology (QUT)South BrisbaneQLDAustralia
- Centre for Immunology and Infection Control (CIIC)QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology (QUT)BrisbaneQLDAustralia
| | - Emma Krenske
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of HealthQueensland University of Technology (QUT)South BrisbaneQLDAustralia
- Centre for Immunology and Infection Control (CIIC)QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology (QUT)BrisbaneQLDAustralia
| | - Giorgio Stefanutti
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Urology, Burns and TraumaChildren's Health Queensland, Queensland Children's HospitalSouth BrisbaneQLDAustralia
| | - Roy M Kimble
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Urology, Burns and TraumaChildren's Health Queensland, Queensland Children's HospitalSouth BrisbaneQLDAustralia
| | - Andrew JA Holland
- The Children's Hospital at Westmead Burns Unit, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Kids Research InstituteSydney Medical School, The University of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Mark W Fear
- Burn Injury Research Unit, School of Biomedical SciencesThe University of Western AustraliaPerthWAAustralia
| | - Fiona M Wood
- Burn Injury Research Unit, School of Biomedical SciencesThe University of Western AustraliaPerthWAAustralia
- Burns Service of Western AustraliaPerth Children's Hospital and Fiona Stanley HospitalPerthWAAustralia
| | - Tony Kenna
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of HealthQueensland University of Technology (QUT)South BrisbaneQLDAustralia
- Centre for Immunology and Infection Control (CIIC)QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology (QUT)BrisbaneQLDAustralia
| | - Leila Cuttle
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of HealthQueensland University of Technology (QUT)South BrisbaneQLDAustralia
- Centre for Biomedical Technology (CBT)Queensland University of Technology (QUT)Kelvin GroveQLDAustralia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Watso JC, Romero SA, Moralez G, Huang M, Cramer MN, Jaffery MF, Balmain BN, Wilhite DP, Babb TG, Crandall CG. Six Months of Exercise Training Improves Ventilatory Responses during Exercise in Adults with Well-Healed Burn Injuries. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2023; 55:765-776. [PMID: 36729937 PMCID: PMC10106361 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pulmonary function is lower after a severe burn injury, which could influence ventilatory responses during exercise. It is unclear whether exercise training improves pulmonary function or ventilatory responses during exercise in adults with well-healed burn injuries. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that exercise training improves pulmonary function and ventilatory responses during exercise in adults with well-healed burn injuries. METHODS Thirty-nine adults (28 with well-healed burn injuries and 11 non-burn-injured controls) completed 6 months of unsupervised, progressive exercise training including endurance, resistance, and high-intensity interval components. Before and after exercise training, we performed comprehensive pulmonary function testing and measured ventilatory responses during cycling exercise. We compared variables using two-way ANOVA (group-time; i.e., preexercise/postexercise training (repeated factor)). RESULTS Exercise training did not increase percent predicted spirometry, lung diffusing capacity, or airway resistance measures (time: P ≥ 0.14 for all variables). However, exercise training reduced minute ventilation ( V̇E ; time: P ≤ 0.05 for 50 and 75 W) and the ventilatory equivalent for oxygen ( V̇E /V̇O 2 ; time: P < 0.001 for 75 W) during fixed-load exercise for both groups. The ventilatory equivalent for carbon dioxide ( V̇E /V̇CO 2 ) during exercise at 75 W was reduced after exercise training (time: P = 0.04). The percentage of age-predicted maximum heart rate at the ventilatory threshold was lower in adults with well-healed burn injuries before ( P = 0.002), but not after ( P = 0.22), exercise training. Lastly, exercise training increased V̇E and reduced V̇E /V̇O 2 during maximal exercise (time: P = 0.005 for both variables). CONCLUSIONS These novel findings demonstrate that exercise training can improve ventilatory responses during exercise in adults with well-healed burn injuries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph C. Watso
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, Dallas, TX
- Department of Applied Clinical Research, School of Health Professions, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Steven A. Romero
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, Dallas, TX
- Department of Physiology & Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX
| | - Gilbert Moralez
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, Dallas, TX
- Department of Applied Clinical Research, School of Health Professions, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Mu Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, Dallas, TX
- Department of Applied Clinical Research, School of Health Professions, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
- Office of Science, Medicine, and Health, American Heart Association, Dallas, TX
| | - Matthew N. Cramer
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, Dallas, TX
| | - Manall F. Jaffery
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, Dallas, TX
| | - Bryce N. Balmain
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, Dallas, TX
| | - Daniel P. Wilhite
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, Dallas, TX
| | - Tony G. Babb
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, Dallas, TX
| | - Craig G. Crandall
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, Dallas, TX
- Department of Applied Clinical Research, School of Health Professions, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Begum S, Johnson BZ, Morillon AC, Yang R, Bong SH, Whiley L, Gray N, Fear VS, Cuttle L, Holland AJA, Nicholson JK, Wood FM, Fear MW, Holmes E. Systemic long-term metabolic effects of acute non-severe paediatric burn injury. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13043. [PMID: 35906249 PMCID: PMC9338081 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16886-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing body of evidence supports the concept of a systemic response to non-severe thermal trauma. This provokes an immunosuppressed state that predisposes paediatric patients to poor recovery and increased risk of secondary morbidity. In this study, to understand the long-term systemic effects of non-severe burns in children, targeted mass spectrometry assays for biogenic amines and tryptophan metabolites were performed on plasma collected from child burn patients at least three years post injury and compared to age and sex matched non-burn (healthy) controls. A panel of 12 metabolites, including urea cycle intermediates, aromatic amino acids and quinolinic acid were present in significantly higher concentrations in children with previous burn injury. Correlation analysis of metabolite levels to previously measured cytokine levels indicated the presence of multiple cytokine-metabolite associations in the burn injury participants that were absent from the healthy controls. These data suggest that there is a sustained immunometabolic imprint of non-severe burn trauma, potentially linked to long-term immune changes that may contribute to the poor long-term health outcomes observed in children after burn injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sofina Begum
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.,Australian National Phenome Centre, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Institute, Perth, WA, 6150, Australia
| | - Blair Z Johnson
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Aude-Claire Morillon
- Australian National Phenome Centre, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Institute, Perth, WA, 6150, Australia
| | - Rongchang Yang
- Australian National Phenome Centre, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Institute, Perth, WA, 6150, Australia
| | - Sze How Bong
- Australian National Phenome Centre, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Institute, Perth, WA, 6150, Australia
| | - Luke Whiley
- Australian National Phenome Centre, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Institute, Perth, WA, 6150, Australia.,Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Centre for Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Institute, Perth, WA, 6150, Australia
| | - Nicola Gray
- Australian National Phenome Centre, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Institute, Perth, WA, 6150, Australia.,Centre for Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Institute, Perth, WA, 6150, Australia
| | - Vanessa S Fear
- Translational Genetics, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Leila Cuttle
- Faculty of Health, Centre for Children's Health Research, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), South Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Andrew J A Holland
- The Children's Hospital at Westmead Burns Unit, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Sydney Medical School, Kids Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jeremy K Nicholson
- Australian National Phenome Centre, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Institute, Perth, WA, 6150, Australia.,Centre for Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Institute, Perth, WA, 6150, Australia.,Medical School, University of Western Australia, Harry Perkins Institute, Murdoch, Perth, WA, 6150, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Global Health Innovation, Imperial College London, Level 1, Faculty Building South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Fiona M Wood
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,WA Department of Health, Burns Service of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6150, Australia
| | - Mark W Fear
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.
| | - Elaine Holmes
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK. .,Australian National Phenome Centre, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Institute, Perth, WA, 6150, Australia. .,Centre for Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Institute, Perth, WA, 6150, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Grip strength in children after non-severe burn injury. Burns 2022; 49:924-933. [PMID: 35915002 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2022.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To characterise grip strength in children with non-severe burn injury, and further understanding of how demographic and clinical variables impact musculoskeletal recovery. METHODS A retrospective, cross-sectional audit of routinely collected clinical data was performed. Standardised protocols were used to measure height, weight and grip strength. Demographic and clinical information was collected from patient medical records. Grip strength comparisons were made against normative data using paired t-tests. General linear regressions with backwards elimination were performed to assess impact of clinical, demographic and physical variables on grip strength. RESULTS Children who were right hand (RH) dominant had reduced RH (18.9 ± 9.9 kg, p = 0.001) and left hand (LH)(17.6 ± 9.3 kg, p = 0.027) grip strength compared to age, sex and hand-dominance matched norms (RH, 20.0 ± 10.0 kg; LH, 18.4 ± 9.5 kg). Children who were assessed closer to the time of their injury, and those who were burnt at a young age were more likely to score grip strength values below the norm (p < 0.001 for all analyses). In particular, females appeared to be at a higher risk of low grip strength scores if burnt at a young age (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Children with non-severe burn injury struggle to recover musculoskeletal strength, with those who were assessed closer to the time of injury or burnt at a young age especially at risk of impaired grip strength performance. Grip strength does not appear to be influenced by any other clinical variables or burn injury characteristics.
Collapse
|
5
|
Kankam HK, Lee KC, Sardeli AV, Dretzke J, Lord JM, Moiemen N. Are acute burn injuries associated with long-term mortality? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Burns 2022; 48:1783-1793. [DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2022.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
|
6
|
Watso JC, Romero SA, Moralez G, Huang M, Cramer MN, Jaffery MF, Balmain BN, Wilhite DP, Babb TG, Crandall CG. Adults with well-healed burn injuries have lower pulmonary function values decades after injury. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15264. [PMID: 35581737 PMCID: PMC9114657 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Sub-acute (e.g., inhalation injury) and/or acute insults sustained during a severe burn injury impairs pulmonary function. However, previous work has not fully characterized pulmonary function in adults with well-healed burn injuries decades after an injury. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that adults with well-healed burn injuries have lower pulmonary function years after recovery. Our cohort of adults with well-healed burn-injuries (n = 41) had a lower forced expiratory volume in one second (Burn: 93 ± 16 vs. Control: 103 ± 10%predicted, mean ± SD; d = 0.60, p = 0.04), lower maximal voluntary ventilation (Burn: 84 [71-97] vs. Control: 105 [94-122] %predicted, median [IQR]; d = 0.84, p < 0.01), and a higher specific airway resistance (Burn: 235 ± 80 vs. Control: 179 ± 40%predicted, mean ± SD; d = 0.66, p = 0.02) than non-burned control participants (n = 12). No variables were meaningfully influenced by having a previous inhalation injury (d ≤ 0.44, p ≥ 0.19; 13 of 41 had an inhalation injury), the size of the body surface area burned (R2 ≤ 0.06, p ≥ 0.15; range of 15%-88% body surface area burned), or the time since the burn injury (R2 ≤ 0.04, p ≥ 0.22; range of 2-50 years post-injury). These data suggest that adults with well-healed burn injuries have lower pulmonary function decades after injury. Therefore, future research should examine rehabilitation strategies that could improve pulmonary function among adults with well-healed burn injuries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph C. Watso
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTexasUSA
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental MedicineTexas Health Presbyterian Hospital DallasDallasTexasUSA
- Department of Applied Clinical ResearchSchool of Health ProfessionsUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTexasUSA
| | - Steven A. Romero
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTexasUSA
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental MedicineTexas Health Presbyterian Hospital DallasDallasTexasUSA
- Department of Physiology & AnatomyUniversity of North Texas Health Science CenterFort WorthTexasUSA
| | - Gilbert Moralez
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTexasUSA
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental MedicineTexas Health Presbyterian Hospital DallasDallasTexasUSA
- Department of Applied Clinical ResearchSchool of Health ProfessionsUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTexasUSA
| | - Mu Huang
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTexasUSA
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental MedicineTexas Health Presbyterian Hospital DallasDallasTexasUSA
- Department of Applied Clinical ResearchSchool of Health ProfessionsUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTexasUSA
| | - Matthew N. Cramer
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTexasUSA
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental MedicineTexas Health Presbyterian Hospital DallasDallasTexasUSA
| | - Manall F. Jaffery
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTexasUSA
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental MedicineTexas Health Presbyterian Hospital DallasDallasTexasUSA
| | - Bryce N. Balmain
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTexasUSA
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental MedicineTexas Health Presbyterian Hospital DallasDallasTexasUSA
| | - Daniel P. Wilhite
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTexasUSA
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental MedicineTexas Health Presbyterian Hospital DallasDallasTexasUSA
| | - Tony G. Babb
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTexasUSA
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental MedicineTexas Health Presbyterian Hospital DallasDallasTexasUSA
| | - Craig G. Crandall
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTexasUSA
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental MedicineTexas Health Presbyterian Hospital DallasDallasTexasUSA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Cuttle L, Fear M, Wood FM, Kimble RM, Holland AJA. Management of non-severe burn wounds in children and adolescents: optimising outcomes through all stages of the patient journey. THE LANCET. CHILD & ADOLESCENT HEALTH 2022; 6:269-278. [PMID: 35051408 DOI: 10.1016/s2352-4642(21)00350-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Paediatric burn injuries are common, especially in children younger than 5 years, and can lead to poor physical and psychosocial outcomes in the long term. In this Review, we aim to summarise the key factors and interventions before hospital admission and following discharge that can improve the long-term outcomes of paediatric burns. Care can be optimised through first aid treatment, correct initial assessment of burn severity, and appropriate patient referral to a burns centre. Scar prevention or treatment and patient follow-up after discharge are also essential. As most burn injuries in children are comparatively small and readily survivable, this Review does not cover the perioperative management associated with severe burns that require fluid resuscitation, or inhalational injury. Burns disproportionately affect children from low socioeconomic backgrounds and those living in low-income and middle-income countries, with ample evidence to suggest that there remains scope for low-cost interventions to improve care for those patients with the greatest burden of burn injury. Current knowledge gaps and future research directions are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leila Cuttle
- Centre for Children's Health Research, Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | - Mark Fear
- Burn Injury Research Unit, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Fiona M Wood
- Burn Injury Research Unit, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia; Burns Service of Western Australia, Perth Children's Hospital and Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Roy M Kimble
- Centre for Children's Burns and Trauma Research, The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Queensland Children's Hospital, South Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Andrew J A Holland
- The Children's Hospital Burns Research Institute, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, The University of Sydney, NSW, Westmead, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Barrett LW, Fear VS, Foley B, Audsley K, Barnes S, Newnes H, McDonnell A, Wood FM, Fear MW, Waithman J. Non-severe burn injury increases cancer incidence in mice and has long-term impacts on the activation and function of T cells. BURNS & TRAUMA 2022; 10:tkac016. [PMID: 35505970 PMCID: PMC9054911 DOI: 10.1093/burnst/tkac016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Recent evidence suggests that burn patients are at increased risk of hospital admission for infection, mental health conditions, cardiovascular disease and cancer for many years after discharge for the burn injury itself. Burn injury has also been shown to induce sustained immune system dysfunction. This change to immune function may contribute to the increased risk of chronic disease observed. However, the mechanisms that disrupt long-term immune function in response to burn trauma, and their link to long-term morbidity, remain unknown. In this study we investigated changes to immune function after burn injury using a murine model of non-severe injury. Methods An established mouse model of non-severe burn injury (full thickness burn equivalent to 8% total body surface area) was used in combination with an orthotopic model of B16 melanoma to investigate the link between burns and cancer. Considering that CD8+ T cells are important drivers of effective tumour suppression in this model, we also investigated potential dysregulation of this immune population using mouse models of burn injury in combination with herpes simplex virus infection. Flow cytometry was used to detect and quantify cell populations of interest and changes in immune function. Results We demonstrate that 4 weeks after a non-severe burn injury, mice were significantly more susceptible to tumour development than controls using an orthotopic model of B16 melanoma. In addition, our results reveal that CD8+ T cell expansion, differentiation and memory potential is significantly impaired at 1 month post-burn. Conclusions Our data suggests that CD8+ T cell-mediated immunity may be dysfunctional for a sustained period after even non-severe burn injury. Further studies in patients to validate these findings may support clinical intervention to restore or protect immunity in patients after burn injury and reduce the increased risk of secondary morbidities observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucy W Barrett
- Burn Injury Research Unit, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Northern Entrance, Perth Children’s Hospital, 15 Hospital Ave, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
- Fiona Wood Foundation, Fiona Stanley Hospital, MNH (B), Main Hospital, CD 15, Level 4, Burns Unit, 102-118 Murdoch Drive, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia
| | - Vanessa S Fear
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Northern Entrance, Perth Children’s Hospital, 15 Hospital Ave, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Bree Foley
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Northern Entrance, Perth Children’s Hospital, 15 Hospital Ave, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Katherine Audsley
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Northern Entrance, Perth Children’s Hospital, 15 Hospital Ave, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Samantha Barnes
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Northern Entrance, Perth Children’s Hospital, 15 Hospital Ave, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Hannah Newnes
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Northern Entrance, Perth Children’s Hospital, 15 Hospital Ave, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Alison McDonnell
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Northern Entrance, Perth Children’s Hospital, 15 Hospital Ave, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Fiona M Wood
- Burn Injury Research Unit, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
- Fiona Wood Foundation, Fiona Stanley Hospital, MNH (B), Main Hospital, CD 15, Level 4, Burns Unit, 102-118 Murdoch Drive, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia
- Burns Service of Western Australia, WA Department of Health, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Mark W Fear
- Fiona Wood Foundation, Fiona Stanley Hospital, MNH (B), Main Hospital, CD 15, Level 4, Burns Unit, 102-118 Murdoch Drive, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia
- Burns Service of Western Australia, WA Department of Health, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Jason Waithman
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Northern Entrance, Perth Children’s Hospital, 15 Hospital Ave, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Nweze K, Hart-Pinto A, Philip L, Mortimer K, Whitehead KA, Shokrollahi K. Recommendations for influenza vaccination in burns patients based on a systematic review of the evidence. J Burn Care Res 2021; 43:98-103. [PMID: 33682002 DOI: 10.1093/jbcr/irab043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Severe burn injury is a serious systemic insult that can lead to life threatening secondary infections. Immunosuppression, inhalation injury and prolonged length of hospital stay are factors which predispose patients to severe respiratory tract infections. Furthermore, evidence shows that burns can put one at risk of infection long after the original injury. Currently in the United Kingdom, the annual National Flu Immunisation programme outlines guidance for groups who are deemed high risk and therefore eligible for the influenza vaccine. At present, no guidance exists for administration of the influenza vaccine in burn injured patients, despite knowledge of immunosuppression. The aim of this literature review is to examine the evidence for associations between burn injury and influenza and where available, evaluate efficacy of influenza vaccines in this cohort. In addition, literature was searched for the effectiveness of the influenza vaccine in patients 65 years and above, and in patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU); two domains common to patients with severe burns. Three papers were found to suggest increased susceptibility to influenza following burn injury, however no papers studying the effectiveness of the influenza vaccine in this group were found. Several studies demonstrated improved outcomes in patients over 65 years and patients admitted to ICU. Following evaluation of the evidence, this review advocates for the consideration of hospitalized burn patients for the influenza vaccine. We suggest avoidance of vaccine administration in the acute burn phase. Further prospective clinical trials would be required to validate these findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty Nweze
- Intensive Care Unit, Newham University Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Liby Philip
- St Helens and Knowsley Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust
| | - Kalani Mortimer
- Departments of Microbiology and Infection Prevention, St Helens and Knowsley Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, UK
| | - Kathryn A Whitehead
- Microbiology at Interfaces, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Kayvan Shokrollahi
- Mersey Burn Centre for Burns and Plastic Surgery, Whiston Hospital, Merseyside, UK
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Akkerman M, Mouton LJ, de Groot S, Niemeijer AS, Scholten-Jaegers SMHJ, van Baar ME, Stoop MM, van der Woude LHV, Nieuwenhuis MK. Predictability of exercise capacity following pediatric burns: a preliminary investigation. Disabil Rehabil 2019; 43:703-712. [PMID: 31317785 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2019.1641846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Describe the course of exercise capacity in pediatric burn patients during the initial 6 months after hospital discharge, and examine whether its recovery can be predicted from burn characteristics, sociodemographic characteristics, and/or prior assessment. MATERIALS AND METHODS Exercise capacity was assessed at discharge, and 6 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months after discharge using the Steep Ramp Test (SRT). RESULTS Twenty-four pediatric patients with burns affecting 0.1-34% of total body surface area were included. At group level, exercise capacity was low at discharge and did not reach healthy reference values within 6 months, despite significant improvement over time. At individual level, the course of exercise capacity varied widely. Six months after discharge, 48% of participants scored more than one standard deviation below healthy age- and sex-specific reference values. SRT outcomes at 6 weeks and 3 months were the best predictors of exercise capacity 6 months after discharge, explaining, respectively, 76% and 93% of variance. CONCLUSIONS Forty-eight percent of participants did not achieve healthy reference values of exercise capacity and were therefore considered "at risk" for diminished functioning. Our preliminary conclusion that early assessment of exercise capacity with the SRT can timely identify those patients, needs to be strengthened by further research.IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONPediatric burns can be considered as a chronic medical condition because of the lifelong consequences.Exercise capacity is reduced following- even minor -pediatric burns.Recovery patterns vary widely: some pediatric burn patients achieve healthy levels of exercise capacity without specific intervention, while others do not.The Steep Ramp Test can be used to assess exercise capacity, identifying those "at risk" for adverse outcomes at an early stage.Patients "at risk" should be encouraged to play sports and adopt an active lifestyle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moniek Akkerman
- Center for Human Movement Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Association of Dutch Burn Centres, Burn Centre Martini Hospital, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Leonora J Mouton
- Center for Human Movement Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sonja de Groot
- Center for Human Movement Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anuschka S Niemeijer
- Association of Dutch Burn Centres, Burn Centre Martini Hospital, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Martini Hospital, Martini Academy, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Margriet E van Baar
- Association of Dutch Burn Centres, Burn Centre Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Matthea M Stoop
- Association of Dutch Burn Centres, Burn Centre Red Cross Hospital, Beverwijk, The Netherlands
| | - Lucas H V van der Woude
- Center for Human Movement Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Center for Rehabilitation, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marianne K Nieuwenhuis
- Center for Human Movement Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Association of Dutch Burn Centres, Burn Centre Martini Hospital, Groningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Akkerman M, Mouton LJ, Disseldorp LM, Niemeijer AS, van Brussel M, van der Woude LHV, Nieuwenhuis MK. Physical activity and sedentary behavior following pediatric burns - a preliminary investigation using objective activity monitoring. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2018; 10:4. [PMID: 29449948 PMCID: PMC5807851 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-018-0093-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Adequate levels of regular physical activity (PA) are crucial for health and well-being. Pediatric burn injuries can have major physiological consequences in both the short and long term. The question is whether these consequences affect post burn PA levels. This study therefore aimed to describe PA and sedentary behavior (SB) in children and adolescents 1–5 years after burn injury. Methods Daily PA and SB were monitored in 20 children and adolescents (12 boys and 8 girls, aged 6–17 years, with burns covering 10–37% of total body surface area, 1–5 years post burn) for 1 week using the ActiGraph GTX3+ accelerometer. Activity counts were categorized into SB, light PA, moderate PA, vigorous PA, moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA), and total PA. Outcomes were compared with non-burned reference values and PA levels recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). Results The participants spent about 5.1 h per day on total PA and 7.4 h on SB. Most of the active time (~ 83%) was categorized as light PA. Thirty-five percent of the group, especially the young boys, spent on average ≥ 60 min on MVPA per day. The boys, although with large interindividual differences, spent more time on MVPA than the girls (p < .005). Older age was associated with less PA time, while more time was spent sedentary. No trends were found indicating an effect of burn characteristics, time post burn, or length of hospital stay, and no differences were found with non-burned peers. Conclusion Duration and intensity of PA and SB in children and adolescents 1–5 years after burn injury were similar to non-burned peers. However, only 35% of the group met the WHO physical activity recommendation. Given the increased long term risk for physical conditions following pediatric burns, physical activity should be encouraged in this vulnerable population. Trial registration The study is registered in the National Academic Research and Collaborations Information System of the Netherlands (OND1348800). Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13102-018-0093-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moniek Akkerman
- 1Association of Dutch Burn Centres, Burn Centre Martini Hospital, Groningen, The Netherlands.,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Center for Human Movement Sciences, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Leonora J Mouton
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Center for Human Movement Sciences, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Laurien M Disseldorp
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Center for Human Movement Sciences, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anuschka S Niemeijer
- 1Association of Dutch Burn Centres, Burn Centre Martini Hospital, Groningen, The Netherlands.,3Martini Academy, Martini Hospital, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marco van Brussel
- 4Child Development & Exercise Center, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lucas H V van der Woude
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Center for Human Movement Sciences, Groningen, The Netherlands.,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Center for Rehabilitation, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marianne K Nieuwenhuis
- 1Association of Dutch Burn Centres, Burn Centre Martini Hospital, Groningen, The Netherlands.,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Center for Human Movement Sciences, Groningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|