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Wu PC, de Banate MA, Kim H, Viner-Brown S, High P. The Association Between Maternal Depressive Symptoms and Toddlers' Developmental and Behavioral Problems: A Population-Based Study. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2024; 63:494-505. [PMID: 37309802 DOI: 10.1177/00099228231179672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to compare the developmental-behavioral profiles of 2-year-olds of mothers who experienced postpartum and/or current depression with profiles of toddlers of mothers without depression at either time using population-based Rhode Island data. Weighted data from Rhode Island Department of Health's Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System and Rhode Island's follow-up Toddlers Wellness Overview Survey distributed to mothers giving birth between 2006 and 2008 were analyzed. Compared with non-depressed mothers, those with any depression following childbirth reported more concerns with their toddlers' receptive language, social-emotional development, and their sleep and feeding behaviors. When adjusted for demographics, persistent depression remained associated with social-emotional (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 7.53, 2.78-20.34) and feeding concerns (aOR = 3.13, 1.36-7.22), and current depression was associated with social-emotional concerns (aOR = 2.52, 1.26-5.01). We conclude that pediatric providers should explore maternal mental health as a mediating and potentially modifiable factor beyond the postpartum period when toddlers present with developmental-behavioral challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Chi Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital/Hasbro Children's Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Mary Ann de Banate
- Department of Pediatrics, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital/Hasbro Children's Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Hanna Kim
- Rhode Island Department of Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | | | - Pamela High
- Department of Pediatrics, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital/Hasbro Children's Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
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Waldmann T, Schaible J, Stiawa M, Becker T, Wegscheider K, Adema B, Wiegand-Grefe S, Kilian R. The cost-utility of an intervention for children and adolescents with a parent having a mental illness in the framework of the German health and social care system: a health economic evaluation of a randomized controlled trial. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2023; 17:141. [PMID: 38129868 PMCID: PMC10740235 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-023-00693-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children of families with a parent with a mental illness have an increased risk of developing social and mental health problems resulting in decreased quality of life. Therefore, children and adolescents living in families with a parent with mental illness are regarded as a target group for preventive interventions. To date, only a few economic evaluation studies for interventions directed at preventing the intergenerational transmission of mental health problems exist. In this investigation we estimated the cost utility of an intervention for the support of children and adolescents with a parent having a mental illness from the perspective of the German health and social care system. METHODS We randomly assigned a total of 214 families with 337 children and adolescents to the intervention (INT) group (108/170) or the control (TAU) group (106/167). Families in the intervention group received on average eight intervention sessions (50-90 min) over 6 months. We estimated total cost of illness by means of the Children and Adolescent Mental Health Service Receipt Inventory (CAMHSRI) over 24 months. For the estimation of Quality-Adjusted Live Years (QALYs) we applied the KIDSCREEN-10. For estimating the incremental cost-utility of the intervention compared to treatment as usual we used the net-benefit approach. RESULTS We estimated the annual cost of illness amounting to € 3784.59 (SD € 8581.11) in the TAU group and € 3264.44 (SD € 9431.89) in the INT group. The annual cost difference between INT and TAU was € - 516.14 (SE 1124.95) which was not significant (p ≤ 0.05). We estimated the average QALY to be 0.759 (SD 0.073) in the TAU group and 0.763 (SD 0.072). The QALY difference between INT and TAU was 0.0037 (SE 0.0092) which was not significant (p ≤ 0.05). The incremental cost utility ratio (ICUR) indicated that the gain of one additional year in full health by means of the intervention was associated with the saving of € 139.49. However, the stochastic insecurity of the ICUR did not allow a unique decision about the cost-utility of the intervention. CONCLUSIONS More information on the economic value of the intervention for families with a parent with mental illness in comparison to treatment as usual in Germany is needed. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT02308462; German Clinical Trials Register: DRKS00006806.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Waldmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy at BKH Günzburg II, Ulm University, Lindenallee 2, 89312, Günzburg, Germany
| | - Jochen Schaible
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy at BKH Günzburg II, Ulm University, Lindenallee 2, 89312, Günzburg, Germany
- Abteilung für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters, ZfP Südwürttemberg, Ravensburg, Germany
| | - Maja Stiawa
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy at BKH Günzburg II, Ulm University, Lindenallee 2, 89312, Günzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Becker
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy at BKH Günzburg II, Ulm University, Lindenallee 2, 89312, Günzburg, Germany
- Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Karl Wegscheider
- Institute for Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bonnie Adema
- Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Silke Wiegand-Grefe
- Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Reinhold Kilian
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy at BKH Günzburg II, Ulm University, Lindenallee 2, 89312, Günzburg, Germany.
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Brekke I, Alecu A. The health of mothers caring for a child with a disability: a longitudinal study. BMC Womens Health 2023; 23:639. [PMID: 38037017 PMCID: PMC10688054 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-023-02798-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Raising a child with disabilities requires a significant parental investment that is greater than that required by typically developing children. Previous studies have shown that parents caring for a child with a disability experience a range of health problems, particularly the mothers. However, few of these studies have controlled for maternal health prior to birth. METHODS This study used a sample from the Norwegian administrative register that comprised all children born between 2009 and 2015. We followed the mothers and their children for 11 years, between 2009 and 2019. The outcome variable was the mothers' physical and mental health, which was assessed using specific ICD-10 diagnoses recorded in the Norwegian Patient Register (NPR). The data included information on the mothers' health before and after the birth of their first child, enabling us to control for maternal health prior to birth in our analysis, in addition to socio-demographic characteristics. The analyses of maternal health were performed using multiple logistic regression, and the results are presented on both a relative scale (odds ratio [OR]) and an absolute scale (average marginal effect [AME]), both with 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS Mothers caring for a child with a disability have higher odds of having a diagnosis of a musculoskeletal disorder, depression, anxiety, sleeping disorder or migraines than mothers of children without a disability. The differences between the two groups of mothers decrease after adjusting for the characteristics of the children, mothers and families, but remain significant for musculoskeletal disorder, depression, anxiety and sleeping disorder, although the absolute differences are modest. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that mothers caring for a child with a disability are more likely to have health problems than mothers of children without a disability after controlling for maternal health prior to birth. Providing more support for mothers of children with a disability might help to improve their health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idunn Brekke
- Department of Childhood and Families, Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222, Skøyen, Oslo, N-0213, Norway.
| | - Andreea Alecu
- Consumption Research Norway, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
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Pagani LS, Harandian K, Necsa B, Harbec MJ. Prospective Associations between Maternal Depressive Symptoms during Early Infancy and Growth Deficiency from Childhood to Adolescence. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:7117. [PMID: 38063547 PMCID: PMC10706675 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20237117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Maternal health represents an important predictor of child development; yet it often goes unnoticed during pediatric visits. Previous work suggests that mental state affects parenting. The relationship between infant exposure to maternal depressive symptoms suggests conflicting findings on physical growth. Body mass index (BMI) has not been rigorously examined across development. Using a prospective-longitudinal birth cohort of 2120 infants (50.7% boys), we estimated the prospective relationship between symptoms of maternal depressive symptoms at 5 months postpartum and later BMI in typically developing children. We hypothesized that maternal depressive symptom severity would predict later BMI through to adolescence. Mothers self-reported depressive symptoms at 5 months. Child BMI was measured by a trained research assistant at ages 6, 8, 10, 13, and 15 years. We estimated a series of sex-stratified regressions in which BMI was linearly regressed on maternal symptoms, while controlling for potential pre-existing/concurrent individual and family confounding factors. Boys born to mothers with more severe depressive symptoms at age 5 months had a significantly lower BMI than other boys at subsequent ages. There were no such associations observed for girls. Maternal depressive symptoms were prospectively associated with later BMI for sons and not daughters, predicting risk of faltering in growth through to adolescence. Health practitioners should routinely assess maternal psychological functioning during pediatric visits to optimize parent and child flourishment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda S Pagani
- School of Psycho-Education, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
- School Environment Research Group, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
- Sainte-Justine's Pediatric Hospital Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Kianoush Harandian
- School of Psycho-Education, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
- School Environment Research Group, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Beatrice Necsa
- School of Psycho-Education, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
- School Environment Research Group, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Marie-Josée Harbec
- Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec, Montreal, QC H2P 1E2, Canada
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Powis KM, Lebanna L, Schenkel S, Masasa G, Kgole SW, Ngwaca M, Kgathi C, Williams PL, Slogrove AL, Shapiro RL, Lockman S, Mmalane MO, Makhema JM, Jao J, Cassidy AR. Lower academic performance among children with perinatal HIV exposure in Botswana. J Int AIDS Soc 2023; 26 Suppl 4:e26165. [PMID: 37909233 PMCID: PMC10618869 DOI: 10.1002/jia2.26165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Studies have reported a higher risk of suboptimal neurodevelopment among children who are HIV-exposed uninfected (HEU) compared to children HIV-unexposed uninfected (HUU). Actual academic performance among school-aged children by HIV exposure status has not been studied. METHODS Academic performance in Mathematics, Science, English, Setswana and overall among children enrolled in the Botswana-based FLOURISH study who were attending public primary school and ranging in age from 7.1 to 14.6 years were compared by HIV exposure status using a Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test. Lower academic performance was defined as a grade of "C" or lower (≤60%). Unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression models were fit to assess for an association between HIV exposure and lower academic performance. RESULTS Between April 2021 and December 2022, 398 children attending public primary school enrolled in the FLOURSH study, 307 (77%) were HEU. Median age was 9.4 years (IQR 8.9-10.2). Only 17.9% of children HEU were breastfeed versus 100% of children HUU. Among children HEU, 80.3% had foetal exposure to three-drug antiretroviral treatment, 18.7% to zidovudine only and 1.0% had no antiretroviral exposure. Caregivers of children HEU were older compared to caregivers of children HUU (median 42 vs. 36 years) and more likely to have no or primary education only (15.0% vs. 1.1%). In unadjusted analyses, children HEU were more likely to have lower overall academic performance compared to their children HUU (odds ratio [OR]: 1.96 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.16, 3.30]), and lower performance in Mathematics, Science and English. The association was attenuated after adjustment for maternal education, caregiver income, breastfeeding, low birth weight and child sex (aOR: 1.86 [95% CI: 0.78, 4.43]). CONCLUSIONS In this Botswana-based cohort, primary school academic performance was lower among children HEU compared to children HUU. Biological and socio-demographic factors, including child sex, appear to contribute to this difference. Further research is needed to identify modifiable contributors, develop screening tools to identify the risk of poor academic performance and design interventions to mitigate risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen M. Powis
- Department of Internal Medicine and PediatricsMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of Immunology and Infectious DiseasesHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Botswana Harvard Health PartnershipGaboroneBotswana
| | - Lesedi Lebanna
- Department of Curriculum Development and EvaluationBotswana Ministry of Basic EducationGaboroneBotswana
| | - Sara Schenkel
- Department of Internal Medicine and PediatricsMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | | | | | | | | | - Paige L. Williams
- Departments of Biostatistics and EpidemiologyHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Amy L. Slogrove
- Department of Paediatrics & Child HealthFaculty of Medicine and Health SciencesStellenbosch UniversityWorcesterSouth Africa
| | - Roger L. Shapiro
- Department of Immunology and Infectious DiseasesHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Botswana Harvard Health PartnershipGaboroneBotswana
| | - Shahin Lockman
- Department of Immunology and Infectious DiseasesHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Botswana Harvard Health PartnershipGaboroneBotswana
- Division of Infectious DiseasesBrigham and Women's HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | | | | | - Jennifer Jao
- Botswana Harvard Health PartnershipGaboroneBotswana
- Department of PediatricsNorthwestern Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Adam R. Cassidy
- Botswana Harvard Health PartnershipGaboroneBotswana
- Departments of Psychiatry & Psychology and Pediatric & Adolescent MedicineMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
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Henry LM, Manian N, Esposito G, Bornstein MH. The Home Environments of Infants of Mothers with Early, Remitted Clinical Depression and No Depression during the First Two Years Postpartum. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1471. [PMID: 37761432 PMCID: PMC10528664 DOI: 10.3390/children10091471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
The current study examines stability, continuity, and group and gender differences in the home environments of infants of mothers with early, remitted clinical depression and no postpartum depression, overcoming methodological variations in the extant literature. Fifty-five mothers diagnosed with clinical depression (major or minor depression, dysthymia, or depressive disorder not otherwise specified) at 5 months and fully remitted by 15 and 24 months, and 132 mothers with no postpartum depression (Mage = 32.47; 69.7% European American) completed the Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment (HOME) Inventory Infant/Toddler version when their infants were 15 and 24 months old. No differences in stability estimates of the HOME scales were found between the groups. In terms of continuity, controlling for maternal education and infant birth order, HOME responsivity, involvement, and total score decreased, while HOME acceptance increased between 15 and 24 months in the full sample. There were no effects of group or gender. Results may point to the home environment as a key protective factor for infants of mothers with early, remitted clinical depression, or findings may suggest improved maternal parenting cognitions and practices following remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M. Henry
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Nanmathi Manian
- Westat, Rockville, MD 20850, USA;
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - Gianluca Esposito
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, 38068 Rovereto, Italy;
| | - Marc H. Bornstein
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
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Bell MF, Glauert R, Roos LL, Wall-Wieler E. Examining the relationship between maternal mental health-related hospital admissions and childhood developmental vulnerability at school entry in Canada and Australia. BJPsych Open 2023; 9:e29. [PMID: 36715086 PMCID: PMC9970171 DOI: 10.1192/bjo.2022.642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is well established that maternal mental illness is associated with an increased risk of poor development for children. However, inconsistencies in findings regarding the nature of the difficulties children experience may be explained by methodological or geographical differences. AIMS We used a common methodological approach to compare developmental vulnerability for children whose mothers did and did not have a psychiatric hospital admission between conception and school entry in Manitoba, Canada, and Western Australia, Australia. We aimed to determine if there are common patterns to the type and timing of developmental difficulties across the two settings. METHOD Participants included children who were assessed with the Early Development Instrument in Manitoba, Canada (n = 69 785), and Western Australia, Australia (n = 19 529). We examined any maternal psychiatric hospital admission (obtained from administrative data) between conception and child's school entry, as well as at specific time points (pregnancy and each year until school entry). RESULTS Log-binomial regressions modelled the risk of children of mothers with psychiatric hospital admissions being developmentally vulnerable. In both Manitoba and Western Australia, an increased risk of developmental vulnerability on all domains was found. Children had an increased risk of developmental vulnerability regardless of their age at the time their mother was admitted to hospital. CONCLUSIONS This cross-national comparison provides further evidence of an increased risk of developmental vulnerability for children whose mothers experience severe mental health difficulties. Provision of preventative services during early childhood to children whose mothers experience mental ill health may help to mitigate developmental difficulties at school entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan F Bell
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Western Australia; School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Western Australia; and Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Western Australia
| | - Rebecca Glauert
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Western Australia; and Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Western Australia
| | - Leslie L Roos
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Canada
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8
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Talarico F, Liu YS, Metes D, Wang M, Wearmouth D, Kiyang L, Wei Y, Gaskin A, Greenshaw A, Janus M, Cao B. Risk factors for developmental vulnerability: Insight from population-level surveillance using the Early Development Instrument. Digit Health 2023; 9:20552076231210705. [PMID: 37928328 PMCID: PMC10624014 DOI: 10.1177/20552076231210705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Population-level studies may elucidate the most promising intervention targets to prevent negative outcomes of developmental vulnerability in children. This study aims to bridge the current literature gap on identifying population-level developmental vulnerability risk factors using combined social and biological/health information. Methods This study assessed developmental vulnerability among kindergarten children using the 2016 Early Development Instrument (EDI) and identified risk factors of developmental vulnerability using EDI data cross-linked to a population-wide administrative health dataset. A total number of 23,494 children aged 5-6 were included (48% female). Prenatal, neonatal, and early childhood risk factors for developmental vulnerability were investigated, highlighting the most important ones contributing to early development. Results The main risk factors for developmental vulnerability were children with a history of mental health diagnosis (risk ratio = 1.46), biological sex-male (risk ratio = 1.51), and poor socioeconomic status (risk ratio = 1.58). Conclusion Our study encompasses both social and health information in a populational-level representative sample of Alberta, Canada. The results confirm evidence established in other geographic regions and jurisdictions and demonstrate the association between perinatal risk factors and developmental vulnerability. Based on these results, we argue that the health system should adopt a multilevel prevention and intervention strategy, targeting individual, family, and community together.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yang S Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Dan Metes
- Ministry of Health, Government of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Mengzhe Wang
- Ministry of Health, Government of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Dori Wearmouth
- Ministry of Health, Government of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | | | - Yifeng Wei
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Ashley Gaskin
- Offord Centre for Child Studies, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Andrew Greenshaw
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Magdalena Janus
- Offord Centre for Child Studies, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Bo Cao
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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Kim CN, Nix RL, Gill S, Hostetler ML. Heterogeneous Effects of Depression on Parenting Competence and Child Behavior Among Families Living in Poverty. PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2023; 24:1-14. [PMID: 35754086 PMCID: PMC9792624 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-022-01380-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This study examined how depression and psychosocial protective factors, such as self-efficacy and conscientiousness, were related to parenting competence and child behavior among families living in poverty. The sample included 238 families (37% White, 25% Black, 19% Latinx, 17% Multiracial, and 2% Asian; 42% of parents reporting clinically significant symptoms of depression) with young children (mean age = 31 months, 51% female). Latent profile analysis identified five distinct subgroups of parents who differed on levels of depression and psychosocial protective factors. A small group of parents who had high levels of depression and low levels of protective factors displayed the least parenting competence and had children with lower levels of adjustment. At the same time, parents in two other profiles had high levels of depression, but moderate or high levels of protective factors, and displayed average parenting competence and had children who displayed average or above average levels of adjustment. In this study, depression appeared less predictive of parenting competence and child behavior than the psychosocial protective factors. This study suggests that many parents, despite having depression and living in poverty, exhibit psychosocial protective factors that are associated with high levels of parenting competence and rear children who are doing well.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert L Nix
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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10
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Gontijo ML, Moreira JM, Silva TR, Alves CRL. Impact of adverse childhood experiences (ACE) on the development of 18-months-old children. JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2022.100401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
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Keresztes M, Delaney CL, Byrd-Bredbenner C. Maternal Mental Health Status Is Associated with Weight-Related Parenting Cognitions, Home Food Environment Characteristics, and Children's Behaviors. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13855. [PMID: 36360736 PMCID: PMC9656610 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192113855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Women experience anxiety, depression, and stress at higher levels than men and have more parenting responsibilities, especially establishing health practices in the home. Given children's vulnerability, this study aimed to increase understanding of how mothers' mental health status relates to maternal weight-related cognitions, home food environments, and child health via a cross-sectional survey design. In a cluster analysis, using maternal anxiety, depression, and stress assessments, we placed the sample of 531 mothers of school-age children into four clusters: Cluster 1 had the best mental health status, Cluster 2 had high stress, Cluster 3 had anxiety and moderate stress, and Cluster 4 had anxiety, depression, and high stress. Our results indicate an overall downward trend in weight-related cognitions as mental health worsened. Similarly, as mental health declined, so did home food environment characteristics, such as the greater use of non-recommended child feeding practices, fewer family meals, and greater sugar-sweetened beverage supplies. As mothers' mental health status became poorer, children's general health and mental health quality of life declined, and sugar-sweetened beverage intake increased. Our findings suggest that maternal stress, anxiety, and depression are moderately to strongly linked with mothers' cognitions, home food environments, and children's health. Our results also suggest that mental health interventions for mothers should assess cognitions and home food environments and consider the extent to which these factors are affecting family health.
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Louis D, Oberoi S, Ricci MF, Pylypjuk C, Alvaro R, Seshia M, de Cabo C, Moddemann D, Lix LM, Garland A, Ruth CA. School Readiness Among Children Born Preterm in Manitoba, Canada. JAMA Pediatr 2022; 176:1010-1019. [PMID: 35939291 PMCID: PMC9361185 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2022.2758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Importance Children born preterm may experience learning challenges at school. However, there is a paucity of data on the school readiness of these children as they prepare to begin grade 1. Objective To examine the association between prematurity and school readiness in a population-based cohort of children. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study was conducted in the province of Manitoba, Canada, and involved 2 cohorts of children in kindergarten at the time of data collection. The population-based cohort included children born between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2011, whose school readiness was assessed in kindergarten using the Early Development Instrument (EDI) data. The sibling cohort comprised children born preterm and their closest-in-age siblings born full term. Data were analyzed between March 12 and September 28, 2021. Exposures Preterm birth, defined as gestational age (GA) less than 37 weeks. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was vulnerability in the EDI, defined as a score below the tenth percentile of the Canadian population norms for any 1 or more of the 5 EDI domains (physical health and well-being, social competence, emotional maturity, language and cognitive development, and communication skills and general knowledge). Logistic regression models were used to identify the factors associated with vulnerability in the EDI. P values were adjusted for multiplicity using the Simes false discovery method. Results Of 86 829 eligible children, 63 277 were included, of whom 4352 were preterm (mean [SD] GA, 34 [2] weeks; 2315 boys [53%]) and 58 925 were full term (mean [SD] GA, 39 (1) weeks; 29 885 boys [51%]). Overall, 35% of children (1536 of 4352) born preterm were vulnerable in the EDI compared with 28% of children (16 449 of 58 925) born full term (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.32; 95% CI, 1.23-1.41; P < .001]). Compared with children born full term, those born preterm had a higher percentage of vulnerability in each of the 5 EDI domains. In the population-based cohort, prematurity (34-36 weeks' GA: AOR, 1.23 [95% CI, 1.14-1.33]; <34 weeks' GA: AOR, 1.72 [95% CI, 1.48-1.99]), male sex (AOR, 2.24; 95% CI, 2.16-2.33), small for gestational age (AOR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.23-1.40), and various maternal medical and sociodemographic factors were associated with EDI vulnerability. In the sibling cohort, EDI outcomes were similar for both children born preterm and their siblings born full term except for the communication skills and general knowledge domain (AOR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.07-1.80) and Multiple Challenge Index (AOR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.06-1.92), whereas male sex (AOR, 2.19; 95% CI, 1.62-2.96) and maternal age at delivery (AOR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.38-1.70) were associated with EDI vulnerability. Conclusions and Relevance Results of this study suggest that, in a population-based cohort, children born preterm had a lower school-readiness rate than children born full term, but this difference was not observed in the sibling cohort. Child and maternal factors were associated with lack of school readiness among this population-based cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Louis
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Rady Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Sapna Oberoi
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Rady Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - M. Florencia Ricci
- Neonatal Follow up Program, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Rady Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Christy Pylypjuk
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rady Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Ruben Alvaro
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Rady Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Mary Seshia
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Rady Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Cecilia de Cabo
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Rady Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Diane Moddemann
- Neonatal Follow up Program, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Rady Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Lisa M. Lix
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Rady Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Manitoba Centre for Health Policy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Allan Garland
- Manitoba Centre for Health Policy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Chelsea A. Ruth
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Rady Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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13
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Roetner J, Petry J, Niekamp J, Maschke J, Goecke TW, Fasching PA, Beckmann MW, Kornhuber J, Kratz O, Moll GH, Eichler A. [Maternal depression and child development: A prospective analysis of consequences, risk and protective factors]. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KINDER-UND JUGENDPSYCHIATRIE UND PSYCHOTHERAPIE 2022; 50:382-394. [PMID: 35321586 DOI: 10.1024/1422-4917/a000866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Maternal depression and child development: A prospective analysis of consequences, risk and protective factors Abstract. Objective: Maternal stress, specifically maternal mental health problems, are considered risk factors for child development. The literature suggests that prenatal depressive symptoms as well as depressive symptoms are a widespread phenomenon during the further development of the child and have repeatedly been shown to have adverse effects on child mental health outcomes. The present study examined the longitudinal relationships between maternal depression (prenatal, postnatal, during childhood and adolescence) and child mental health from childhood to adolescence. Possible risk and protective factors were also considered. Method: N = 112 mothers were assessed for depressive symptoms via a questionnaire at four different timepoints (prenatal, T1; postnatal, T2; during childhood, T3; during adolescence, T4). Children's externalizing and internalizing symptoms (50.9 % girls) were assessed by their mothers both during childhood (M = 7.68, SD = 0.76 years) and during adolescence (M = 13.23, SD = 0.27 years). We evaluated the relationships between maternal depressive symptoms and children's externalizing/internalizing symptoms using multiple regression models and analyzed possible risk and protective factors using moderation analysis. Results: Externalizing/Internalizing symptoms were not directly associated with maternal depressive symptoms, while associations between such symptoms and maladaptive behavior were found in adolescents. The socioeconomic status of families showed a different risk profile for prenatal and postnatal depressive symptoms. The IQ of the children proved to be a risk factor for internalizing symptoms. Conclusions: Maternal depressive symptoms at any time during child development - in combination with further risk factors - have an impact on child mental health. The early identification of maternal symptoms followed by interventions to differentiate between prenatal and postnatal depression - especially in the context of socioeconomic status - are highly relevant for child development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Roetner
- Kinder- und Jugendabteilung für Psychische Gesundheit, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen
| | - Janna Petry
- Kinder- und Jugendabteilung für Psychische Gesundheit, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen
| | - Julia Niekamp
- Kinder- und Jugendabteilung für Psychische Gesundheit, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen
| | - Janina Maschke
- Kinder- und Jugendabteilung für Psychische Gesundheit, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen
| | - Tamme W Goecke
- Frauenklinik, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen.,Klinik für Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe, Ro-Med Klinikum Rosenheim, Rosenheim
| | - Peter A Fasching
- Frauenklinik, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen
| | - Matthias W Beckmann
- Frauenklinik, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Psychiatrische und Psychotherapeutische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen
| | - Oliver Kratz
- Kinder- und Jugendabteilung für Psychische Gesundheit, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen
| | - Gunther H Moll
- Kinder- und Jugendabteilung für Psychische Gesundheit, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen
| | - Anna Eichler
- Kinder- und Jugendabteilung für Psychische Gesundheit, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen
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- Kinder- und Jugendabteilung für Psychische Gesundheit, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen
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14
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Rees SJ, Mohsin M, Klein L, Steel Z, Tol W, Dadds M, Eapen V, da Costa Z, Savio E, Tam N, Silove D. The impact of maternal depressive symptoms and traumatic events on early childhood mental health in conflict-affected Timor-Leste. BJPsych Open 2022; 8:e51. [PMID: 35197139 PMCID: PMC8935917 DOI: 10.1192/bjo.2022.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Longitudinal studies are needed to examine the association between maternal depression, trauma and childhood mental health in conflict-affected settings. AIMS To examine maternal depressive symptoms, trauma-related adversities and child mental health by using a longitudinal path model in conflict-affected Timor-Leste. METHOD Women were recruited in pregnancy. At wave 1, 1672 of 1740 eligible women were interviewed (96% response rate). The final sample comprised 1118 women with complete data at all three time points. Women were followed up when the index child was aged 18 months (wave 2) and 36 months (wave 3). Measures included the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, lifetime traumatic events and the Child Behaviour Checklist. A longitudinal path analysis examined associations cross-sectionally and in a cross-lagged manner across time. RESULTS Maternal depressive symptom score was associated with child mental health (cross-sectional association at wave 2, β = 0.35, P < 0.001; cross-sectional association at wave 3, β = 0.33, P < 0.001). The maternal depressive symptom score at wave 1 was associated with child mental health at wave 2 (β = 0.12, P < 0.001), and the maternal depressive symptom score at wave 2 showed an indirect association with child mental health at wave 3 (indirect standardised coefficient 0.23, P < 0.001). There was a time-lagged relationship between child mental health at wave 2 and maternal depression at wave 3 (β = 0.08, P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Maternal depressive symptoms are longitudinally associated with child mental health, and traumatic events play a role. Maternal depression symptoms are also affected by child mental health. Findings suggest the need for skilled assessment for depression, trauma-informed maternity care and parenting support in a post-conflict country such as Timor-Leste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan J Rees
- School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mohammed Mohsin
- School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Australia; and Mental Health Research Unit, Liverpool Hospital, New South Wales Health, Australia
| | - Louis Klein
- School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Australia; and Mental Health Research Unit, Liverpool Hospital, New South Wales Health, Australia
| | - Zachary Steel
- School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Australia
| | - Wietse Tol
- Department of Mental Health, Centre for Global Health, Johns Hopkins University, USA
| | - Mark Dadds
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Valsamma Eapen
- School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Australia; and Academic Mental Health Unit, Liverpool Hospital, New South Wales Health, Australia
| | - Zelia da Costa
- School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Australia
| | - Elisa Savio
- School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Australia
| | - Natalino Tam
- School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Australia
| | - Derrick Silove
- Brain Sciences, University of New South Wales, Australia
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15
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Mediating mechanisms for maternal mental health from pre- to during the COVID-19 pandemic: Mediators of maternal mental illness during COVID-19. JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS REPORTS 2021; 6:100287. [PMID: 34881379 PMCID: PMC8640076 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2021.100287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mothers have experienced a near doubling of depression and anxiety symptoms pre- to during the COVID-19 pandemic. The identification of mechanisms that account for this increase can help inform specific targets for mental health recovery efforts. The current study examined whether women with higher levels of depression and anxiety symptoms pre-pandemic, reported higher levels of depression and anxiety symptoms during the pandemic, and whether these increases were mediated by perceived stress, strained relationships, coping attitudes, participation in activities, alcohol use, and financial impact. Methods Mothers (n = 1,333) from an ongoing longitudinal cohort (All Our Families; AOF) from Calgary, Alberta, Canada, completed online questionnaires prior to (2017–2019) and during the COVID-19 pandemic (May-July 2020). Mothers reported on depressive and anxiety symptoms pre- and during the pandemic, as well as perceived stress, engagement in physical and leisure activities, coping, alcohol use, and financial impact of the pandemic. Results In unadjusted analyses, maternal depression and anxiety symptoms pre-pandemic were strongly associated with COVID-19 depressive (r = 0.57, p<.01) and anxiety symptoms (r = 0.49, p<.01). Significant indirect effects between maternal depressive symptoms pre- and during COVID-19 were found for coping behavior (abcs=0.014, 95%CI=0.005, 0.022, p=.001), perceived stress (abcs=0.22, 95%CI=0.179, 0.258, p<.001), and strained relationships (abcs=0.013, 95%CI= 0.005, 0.022, p=.003). For maternal anxiety symptoms pre- and during COVID-19, significant indirect effects were observed for perceived stress (abcs=0.012, 95%CI=0.077, 0.154, p=.003) and strained relationships (abcs=0.010, 95%CI=0.001, 0.018, p=.03). Conclusions Perceived stress, coping attitudes, and interpersonal relationships are three potential intervention targets for mitigating COVID-19 related mental distress in mothers.
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16
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Bechtiger L, Steinhoff A, Dollar JM, Halliday SE, Keane SP, Calkins SD, Shanahan L. Pathways from maternal depressive symptoms to children's academic performance in adolescence: A 13-year prospective-longitudinal study. Child Dev 2021; 93:388-404. [PMID: 34676894 PMCID: PMC8930421 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.13685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The pathways through which exposure to maternal depressive symptoms in early childhood are linked to academic performance during adolescence are poorly understood. This study tested pathways from maternal depressive symptoms (age 2–5) to adolescent academic performance (age 15) through cumulative parenting risk (age 7) and subsequent child functioning (age 10), using multi‐informant data from a prospective longitudinal community study spanning 13 years (N = 389, 47% male, 68% White). Structural equation models testing indirect effects revealed small associations between maternal depressive symptoms and increased cumulative parenting risk and poorer child functioning, and, via these pathways, with poorer academic performance. Thus, childhood exposure to maternal depressive symptoms may be associated with pathways of risk that could limit children's educational opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bechtiger
- Jacobs Center for Productive Youth Development, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Annekatrin Steinhoff
- Jacobs Center for Productive Youth Development, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jessica M Dollar
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA
| | - Simone E Halliday
- Department of Educational Science, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Susan P Keane
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA
| | - Susan D Calkins
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lilly Shanahan
- Jacobs Center for Productive Youth Development, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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17
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Silverman ME, Burgos L, Rodriguez ZI, Afzal O, Kalishman A, Callipari F, Pena Y, Gabay R, Loudon H. Postpartum mood among universally screened high and low socioeconomic status patients during COVID-19 social restrictions in New York City. Sci Rep 2020; 10:22380. [PMID: 33361797 PMCID: PMC7759569 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79564-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The mental health effects of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on postpartum women are of increasing concern among mental health practitioners. To date, only a handful of studies have explored the emotional impact of the pandemic surrounding pregnancy and none have investigated the consequence of pandemic-related social restrictions on the postpartum mood of those living among different socioeconomic status (SES). All postpartum patients appearing to the Mount Sinai Health System for their postpartum appointment between January 2, 2020 and June 30, 2020, corresponding to before and during pandemic imposed social restrictions, were screened for mood symptomatology using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Each patient's socioeconomic status (high/low) was determined by their location of clinical service. A total of 516 postpartum patients were screened. While no differences in EPDS scores were observed by SES prior to social restrictions (U = 7956.0, z = - 1.05, p = .293), a significant change in mood symptomatology was observed following COVID-19 restrictions (U = 4895.0, z = - 3.48, p < .001), with patients living in lower SES reporting significantly less depression symptomatology (U = 9209.0, z = - 4.56, p < .001). There was no change in symptomatology among patients of higher SES (U = 4045.5, z = - 1.06, p = .288). Postpartum depression, the most common complication of childbearing, is a prevalent, cross-cultural disorder with significant morbidity. The observed differences in postpartum mood between patients of different SES in the context of temporarily imposed COVID-19-related social restrictions present a unique opportunity to better understand the specific health and social support needs of postpartum patients living in urban economic poverty. Given that maternal mental illness has negative long-term developmental implications for the offspring and that poor mental health reinforces the poverty cycle, future health policy specifically directed towards supporting postpartum women living in low SES by ameliorating some of the early maternal burdens associated with balancing employment-family-childcare demands may assist in interrupting this cycle while simultaneously improving the long-term outcomes of their offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Silverman
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, The Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, USA.
| | - Laudy Burgos
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, The Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, USA
| | - Zoe I Rodriguez
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, The Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, USA
| | - Omara Afzal
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, The Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, USA
| | | | - Francesco Callipari
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, The Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, USA
| | - Yvon Pena
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, The Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, USA
| | - Ruth Gabay
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, The Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, USA
| | - Holly Loudon
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, The Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, USA
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18
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Goeglein SK, Yatchmink YE. Maternal Depression Is a Public Health Crisis: The Time to Act Is Now. Pediatrics 2020; 146:peds.2020-010413. [PMID: 32817439 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2020-010413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Klees Goeglein
- Division of Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island; and.,Hasbro Children's Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Yvette E Yatchmink
- Division of Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island; and .,Hasbro Children's Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
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