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Zhang Z, Vlcek J, Pauly V, Hesse N, Bauer J, Chataut KR, Maderspacher F, Volz LS, Buchberger K, Xia R, Hildebrand B, Kääb S, Schüttler D, Tomsits P, Clauss S. Atrial fibrosis heterogeneity is a risk for atrial fibrillation in pigs with ischaemic heart failure. Eur J Clin Invest 2024; 54:e14137. [PMID: 38012826 DOI: 10.1111/eci.14137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia and is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. Ischaemic heart failure (IHF) remains one of the most common causes of AF in clinical practice. However, ischaemia-mediated mechanisms leading to AF are still incompletely understood, and thus, current treatment approaches are limited. To improve our understanding of the pathophysiology, we studied a porcine IHF model. METHODS In pigs, IHF was induced by balloon occlusion of the left anterior descending artery for 90 min. After 30 days of reperfusion, invasive haemodynamic measurements and electrophysiological studies were performed. Masson trichrome and immunofluorescence staining were conducted to assess interstitial fibrosis and myofibroblast activation in different heart regions. RESULTS After 30 days of reperfusion, heart failure with significantly reduced ejection fraction (left anterior obique 30°, 34.78 ± 3.29% [IHF] vs. 62.03 ± 2.36% [control], p < .001; anterior-posterior 0°, 29.16 ± 3.61% vs. 59.54 ± 1.09%, p < .01) was observed. These pigs showed a significantly higher susceptibility to AF (33.90% [IHF] vs. 12.98% [control], p < .05). Histological assessment revealed aggravated fibrosis in atrial appendages but not in atrial free walls in IHF pigs (11.13 ± 1.44% vs. 5.99 ± .86%, p < .01 [LAA], 8.28 ± .56% vs. 6.01 ± .35%, p < .01 [RAA]), which was paralleled by enhanced myofibroblast activation (12.09 ± .65% vs. 9.00 ± .94%, p < .05 [LAA], 14.37 ± .60% vs. 10.30 ± 1.41%, p < .05 [RAA]). Correlation analysis indicated that not fibrosis per se but its cross-regional heterogeneous distribution across the left atrium was associated with AF susceptibility (r = .6344, p < .01). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that left atrial cross-regional fibrosis difference rather than overall fibrosis level is associated with IHF-related AF susceptibility, presumably by establishing local conduction disturbances and heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Zhang
- Department of Medicine I, Campus Grosshadern, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University (LMU), Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich, Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Surgical Research at the Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Vlcek
- Department of Medicine I, Campus Grosshadern, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University (LMU), Munich, Germany
- Institute of Surgical Research at the Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Valerie Pauly
- Department of Medicine I, Campus Grosshadern, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University (LMU), Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich, Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Surgical Research at the Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nora Hesse
- Department of Medicine I, Campus Grosshadern, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University (LMU), Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich, Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Surgical Research at the Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Bauer
- Department of Medicine I, Campus Grosshadern, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University (LMU), Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich, Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Surgical Research at the Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Kavi Raj Chataut
- Department of Medicine I, Campus Grosshadern, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University (LMU), Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich, Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Surgical Research at the Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Florian Maderspacher
- Department of Medicine I, Campus Grosshadern, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University (LMU), Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich, Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Surgical Research at the Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Lina Sophie Volz
- Department of Medicine I, Campus Grosshadern, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University (LMU), Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich, Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Surgical Research at the Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Katharina Buchberger
- Department of Medicine I, Campus Grosshadern, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University (LMU), Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich, Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Surgical Research at the Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ruibing Xia
- Department of Medicine I, Campus Grosshadern, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University (LMU), Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich, Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Surgical Research at the Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Bianca Hildebrand
- Department of Medicine I, Campus Grosshadern, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Kääb
- Department of Medicine I, Campus Grosshadern, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University (LMU), Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich, Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Interfaculty Center for Endocrine and Cardiovascular Disease Network Modelling and Clinical Transfer (ICONLMU), LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Dominik Schüttler
- Department of Medicine I, Campus Grosshadern, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University (LMU), Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich, Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Surgical Research at the Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Philipp Tomsits
- Department of Medicine I, Campus Grosshadern, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University (LMU), Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich, Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Surgical Research at the Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Clauss
- Department of Medicine I, Campus Grosshadern, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University (LMU), Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich, Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Surgical Research at the Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Interfaculty Center for Endocrine and Cardiovascular Disease Network Modelling and Clinical Transfer (ICONLMU), LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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Miron RJ, Estrin NE, Sculean A, Zhang Y. Understanding exosomes: Part 2-Emerging leaders in regenerative medicine. Periodontol 2000 2024; 94:257-414. [PMID: 38591622 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes are the smallest subset of extracellular signaling vesicles secreted by most cells with the ability to communicate with other tissues and cell types over long distances. Their use in regenerative medicine has gained tremendous momentum recently due to their ability to be utilized as therapeutic options for a wide array of diseases/conditions. Over 5000 publications are currently being published yearly on this topic, and this number is only expected to dramatically increase as novel therapeutic strategies continue to be developed. Today exosomes have been applied in numerous contexts including neurodegenerative disorders (Alzheimer's disease, central nervous system, depression, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, post-traumatic stress disorders, traumatic brain injury, peripheral nerve injury), damaged organs (heart, kidney, liver, stroke, myocardial infarctions, myocardial infarctions, ovaries), degenerative processes (atherosclerosis, diabetes, hematology disorders, musculoskeletal degeneration, osteoradionecrosis, respiratory disease), infectious diseases (COVID-19, hepatitis), regenerative procedures (antiaging, bone regeneration, cartilage/joint regeneration, osteoarthritis, cutaneous wounds, dental regeneration, dermatology/skin regeneration, erectile dysfunction, hair regrowth, intervertebral disc repair, spinal cord injury, vascular regeneration), and cancer therapy (breast, colorectal, gastric cancer and osteosarcomas), immune function (allergy, autoimmune disorders, immune regulation, inflammatory diseases, lupus, rheumatoid arthritis). This scoping review is a first of its kind aimed at summarizing the extensive regenerative potential of exosomes over a broad range of diseases and disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Miron
- Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nathan E Estrin
- Advanced PRF Education, Venice, Florida, USA
- School of Dental Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, Florida, USA
| | - Anton Sculean
- Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Yufeng Zhang
- Department of Oral Implantology, University of Wuhan, Wuhan, China
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3
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Wang D, Wang X, Yang T, Tian H, Su Y, Wang Q. Long Non-Coding RNA Dancr Affects Myocardial Fibrosis in Atrial Fibrillation Mice via the MicroRNA-146b-5p/Smad5 Axis. ACTA CARDIOLOGICA SINICA 2023; 39:841-853. [PMID: 38022420 PMCID: PMC10646592 DOI: 10.6515/acs.202311_39(6).20230619b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most frequent arrhythmia, and myocardial fibrosis (MF) has a close association with atrial remodeling and leads to AF. This study aimed to explore the function of the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) differentiation antagonizing non-protein coding RNA (Dancr)/microRNA (miR)-146b-5p/Smad5 axis on MF in AF mice. Methods AF mouse models were established. Overexpression Dancr lentivirus was injected into AF mice to increase Dancr expression in myocardial tissues. LncRNA Dancr, miR-146b-5p, and Smad5 expression levels and inflammatory factors (IL-18 and TNF-α) in the myocardial tissues were measured. MF was measured and the expression levels of MF-related genes (COL1A1, α-SMA, and FN1) were detected. In addition, in vitro HL-1 cell rapid pacing models were constructed, and after lncRNA Dancr and miR-146b-5p-related construct transfection, cell viability and cell apoptosis were determined. Results LncRNA Dancr up-regulation ameliorated MF in the AF mice, reduced IL-18 and TNF-α expression levels in myocardial tissues, and decreased COL1A1, α-SMA, and FN1 expression levels. The in vitro HL-1 cell rapid pacing models suggested that miR-146b-5p overexpression reversed the inhibitory effects of lncRNA Dancr overexpression on MF in HL-1 cells, and Smad5 interference reversed the ameliorative effects of miR-146b-5p interference on MF in HL-1 cells. Conclusions LncRNA Dancr can sponge miR-146b-5p to promote Smad5 expression, thereby delaying MF in AF mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo 255036, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiqian Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo 255036, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianxiao Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo 255036, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongliang Tian
- Department of Cardiology, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo 255036, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanzhen Su
- Department of Cardiology, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo 255036, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qilei Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo 255036, Shandong, People's Republic of China
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4
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Hao H, Dai C, Han X, Li Y. A novel therapeutic strategy for alleviating atrial remodeling by targeting exosomal miRNAs in atrial fibrillation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2022; 1869:119365. [PMID: 36167158 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2022.119365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is one of the most frequent cardiac arrhythmias, and atrial remodeling is related to the progression of AF. Although several therapeutic approaches have been presented in recent years, the continuously increasing mortality rate suggests that more advanced strategies for treatment are urgently needed. Exosomes regulate pathological processes through intercellular communication mediated by microribonucleic acid (miRNA) in various cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Exosomal miRNAs associated with signaling pathways have added more complexity to an already complex direct cell-to-cell interaction. Exosome delivery of miRNAs is involved in cardiac regeneration and cardiac protection. Recent studies have found that exosomes play a critical role in the diagnosis and treatment of cardiac fibrosis. By improving exosome stability and modifying surface epitopes, specific pharmaceutical agents can be supplied to improve tropism and targeting to cells and tissues in vivo. Exosomes harboring miRNAs may have clinical utility in cell-free therapeutic approaches and may serve as prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers for AF. Currently, limitations challenge pharmaceutic design, therapeutic utility and in vivo targeted delivery to patients. The aim of this article is to review the developmental features of AF associated with exosomal miRNAs and relate them to underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongting Hao
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Chenguang Dai
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Xuejie Han
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Cell Translation, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang 150001, China; Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150001, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiac Diseases and Heart Failure, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Metabolic Disorder & Cancer Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Harbin 150081, China; Institute of Metabolic Disease, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Science, Harbin, China.
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5
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Xia R, Tomsits P, Loy S, Zhang Z, Pauly V, Schüttler D, Clauss S. Cardiac Macrophages and Their Effects on Arrhythmogenesis. Front Physiol 2022; 13:900094. [PMID: 35812333 PMCID: PMC9257039 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.900094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac electrophysiology is a complex system established by a plethora of inward and outward ion currents in cardiomyocytes generating and conducting electrical signals in the heart. However, not only cardiomyocytes but also other cell types can modulate the heart rhythm. Recently, cardiac macrophages were demonstrated as important players in both electrophysiology and arrhythmogenesis. Cardiac macrophages are a heterogeneous group of immune cells including resident macrophages derived from embryonic and fetal precursors and recruited macrophages derived from circulating monocytes from the bone marrow. Recent studies suggest antiarrhythmic as well as proarrhythmic effects of cardiac macrophages. The proposed mechanisms of how cardiac macrophages affect electrophysiology vary and include both direct and indirect interactions with other cardiac cells. In this review, we provide an overview of the different subsets of macrophages in the heart and their possible interactions with cardiomyocytes under both physiologic conditions and heart disease. Furthermore, we elucidate similarities and differences between human, murine and porcine cardiac macrophages, thus providing detailed information for researchers investigating cardiac macrophages in important animal species for electrophysiologic research. Finally, we discuss the pros and cons of mice and pigs to investigate the role of cardiac macrophages in arrhythmogenesis from a translational perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruibing Xia
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
- Institute of Surgical Research at the Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich, Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Philipp Tomsits
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
- Institute of Surgical Research at the Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich, Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Simone Loy
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
- Institute of Surgical Research at the Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich, Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Zhihao Zhang
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
- Institute of Surgical Research at the Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich, Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Valerie Pauly
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
- Institute of Surgical Research at the Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich, Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Dominik Schüttler
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
- Institute of Surgical Research at the Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich, Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Clauss
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
- Institute of Surgical Research at the Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich, Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- *Correspondence: Sebastian Clauss,
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6
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Saiyed AN, Vasavada AR, Johar SRK. Recent trends in miRNA therapeutics and the application of plant miRNA for prevention and treatment of human diseases. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2022; 8:24. [PMID: 35382490 PMCID: PMC8972743 DOI: 10.1186/s43094-022-00413-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Researchers now have a new avenue to investigate when it comes to miRNA-based therapeutics. miRNAs have the potential to be valuable biomarkers for disease detection. Variations in miRNA levels may be able to predict changes in normal physiological processes. At the epigenetic level, miRNA has been identified as a promising candidate for distinguishing and treating various diseases and defects. Main body In recent pharmacology, plants miRNA-based drugs have demonstrated a potential role in drug therapeutics. The purpose of this review paper is to discuss miRNA-based therapeutics, the role of miRNA in pharmacoepigenetics modulations, plant miRNA inter-kingdom regulation, and the therapeutic value and application of plant miRNA for cross-kingdom approaches. Target prediction and complementarity with host genes, as well as cross-kingdom gene interactions with plant miRNAs, are also revealed by bioinformatics research. We also show how plant miRNA can be transmitted from one species to another by crossing kingdom boundaries in this review. Despite several unidentified barriers to plant miRNA cross-transfer, plant miRNA-based gene regulation in trans-kingdom gene regulation may soon be valued as a possible approach in plant-based drug therapeutics. Conclusion This review summarised the biochemical synthesis of miRNAs, pharmacoepigenetics, drug therapeutics and miRNA transkingdom transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atiyabanu N. Saiyed
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Iladevi Cataract and IOL Research Centre, Ahmedabad, Gujarat India
- Ph.D. scholar of Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka India
| | - Abhay R. Vasavada
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Iladevi Cataract and IOL Research Centre, Ahmedabad, Gujarat India
| | - S. R. Kaid Johar
- Department of Zoology, BMTC, Human Genetics, USSC, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat India
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Sanchis-Gomar F, Arnau-Moyano M, Daimiel L, Lippi G, Leischik R, Vallecillo N, Yvert T, Jiménez SL, Santiago C, Pareja-Galeano H. Circulating microRNAs fluctuations in exercise-induced cardiac remodeling: A systematic review. Am J Transl Res 2021; 13:13298-13309. [PMID: 35035676 PMCID: PMC8748080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that participate in gene expression regulation. It has been observed that circulating levels of miRNAs may fluctuate during exercise, showing numerous cardiac biological and physiological effects such as structural and functional adaptations. We aimed to provide an overview of the currently available information concerning the role of circulating miRNAs in cardiovascular adaptations in response to acute and/or chronic exercise training. Relevant studies published were searched in three databases: PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus. A combination of the following keywords was used: ("microRNA" OR "miRNA" OR "miR" AND "exercise" OR "training" OR "physical activity") AND "(heart hypertrophy" OR "cardiac remodeling" OR "cardiac muscle mass" OR "cardiac hypertrophy"). Only experimental studies, written in English and conducted in healthy individuals were included. Five articles met the inclusion criteria and were finally included in this systematic review after reviewing both title, abstract and full-text. A total of thirty-six circulating cardiac-related miRNAs were analyzed, but only five of them (miR-1, miR-133a, miR-146a, miR-206 and miR-221) were directly associated with cardiac adaptations parameters, while two of them (miR-1 and miR-133a) were related to cardiac hypertrophy. Most of them were upregulated immediately after a marathon and returned to basal levels at longer times. Therefore, we conclude that, although evidence is still limited, and long-term studies are needed to obtain more robust evidence, exercise is more likely to affect circulating cardiac-related miRNAs levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Sanchis-Gomar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia and INCLIVA Biomedical Research InstituteValencia, Spain
| | | | - Lidia Daimiel
- Nutritional Control of The Epigenome Group, Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA) Food, CEI UAM+CSICMadrid 28049, Spain
| | - Giuseppe Lippi
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry, University of VeronaVerona, Italy
| | - Roman Leischik
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke UniversityWitten, Germany
| | - Néstor Vallecillo
- Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de MadridMadrid, Spain
| | - Thomas Yvert
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de MadridMadrid, Spain
| | - Sergio L Jiménez
- Centre for Sport Studies, Rey Juan Carlos UniversityMadrid, Spain
| | - Catalina Santiago
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de MadridMadrid, Spain
| | - Helios Pareja-Galeano
- Department of Physical Education, Sport and Human Movement, Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadrid, Spain
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8
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Chen C, Chen Q, Cheng K, Zou T, Pang Y, Ling Y, Xu Y, Zhu W. Exosomes and Exosomal Non-coding RNAs Are Novel Promises for the Mechanism-Based Diagnosis and Treatments of Atrial Fibrillation. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:782451. [PMID: 34926627 PMCID: PMC8671698 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.782451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia worldwide and has a significant impact on human health and substantial costs. Currently, there is a lack of accurate biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of AF. Moreover, the long-term efficacy of the catheter ablation in the AF is unsatisfactory. Therefore, it is necessary to explore new biomarkers and treatment strategies for the mechanism-based AF. Exosomes are nano-sized biovesicles released by nearly all types of cells. Since the AF would be linked to the changes of the atrial cells and their microenvironment, and the AF would strictly influence the exosomal non-coding RNAs (exo-ncRNAs) expression, which makes them as attractive diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for the AF. Simultaneously, the exo-ncRNAs have been found to play an important role in the mechanisms of the AF and have potential therapeutic prospects. Although the role of the exo-ncRNAs in the AF is being actively investigated, the evidence is still limited. Furthermore, there is a lack of consensus regarding the most appropriate approach for exosome isolation and characterization. In this article, we reviewed the new methodologies available for exosomes biogenesis, isolation, and characterization, and then discussed the mechanism of the AF and various levels and types of exosomes relevant to the AF, with the special emphasis on the exo-ncRNAs in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of the mechanism-based AF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Wenqing Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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9
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Zhang L, Wang X, Huang C. A narrative review of non-coding RNAs in atrial fibrillation: potential therapeutic targets and molecular mechanisms. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:1486. [PMID: 34734038 PMCID: PMC8506732 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-4483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Objective This review summarizes the advances in the study of ncRNAs and atrial remodeling mechanisms to explore potential therapeutic targets and strategies for AF. Background Atrial fibrillation (AF) is one of the most common arrhythmias, and its morbidity and mortality rates are gradually increasing. Non-coding ribonucleic acid RNAs (ncRNAs) are transcribed from the genome and do not have the ability to be translated into proteins. A growing body of evidence has shown ncRNAs are extensively involved in the pathophysiological processes underlying AF. However, the precise molecular mechanisms of these associations have not been fully elucidated. Atrial remodeling plays a key role in the occurrence and development of AF, and includes electrical remodeling, structural remodeling, and autonomic nerve remodeling. Research has shown that ncRNA expression is altered in the plasma and tissues of AF patients that mediate cardiac excitation and arrhythmia, and is closely related to atrial remodeling. Methods Literatures about ncRNAs and atrial fibrillation were extensively reviewed to discuss and analyze. Conclusions The biology of ncRNAs represents a relatively new field of research and is still in an emerging stage. Recent studies have laid a foundation for understanding the molecular mechanisms of AF, future studies aimed at identifying how ncRNAs act on atrial fibrillation to provide potentially promising therapeutic targets for the treatment of atrial fibrillation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Congxin Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
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Kuzmin VS, Ivanova AD, Filatova TS, Pustovit KB, Kobylina AA, Atkinson AJ, Petkova M, Voronkov YI, Abramochkin DV, Dobrzynski H. Micro-RNA 133a-3p induces repolarization abnormalities in atrial myocardium and modulates ventricular electrophysiology affecting I Ca,L and Ito currents. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 908:174369. [PMID: 34310913 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Mir-133a-3p is the most abundant myocardial microRNA. The impact of mir-133a-3p on cardiac electrophysiology is poorly explored. In this study, we investigated the effects of mir-133a-3p on the main ionic currents critical for action potential (AP) generation and electrical activity of the heart. We used conventional ECG, sharp microelectrodes and patch-clamp to clarify a role of mir-133a-3p in normal cardiac electrophysiology in rats after in vivo and in vitro transfection. Mir-133a-3p caused no changes to pacemaker APs and automaticity in the sinoatrial node. No significant changes in heart rate (HR) were observed in vivo; however, miR transfection facilitated HR increase in response to β-adrenergic stimulation. Mir-133a-3p induced repolarization abnormalities in the atrial working myocardium and the L-type calcium current (ICa,L) was significantly increased. The main repolarization currents, including the transient outward (Ito), ultra-rapid (IK,ur), and inward rectifier (IK1) remained unaffected in atrial cardiomyocytes. Mir-133a-3p affected both ICa,L and Ito in ventricular cardiomyocytes. Systemic administration of mir-133a-3p induced QT-interval prolongation. Bioinformatic analysis revealed protein phosphatase 2 (PPP2CA/B) and Kcnd3 (encoding Kv4.3 channels generating Ito) as the main miR-133a-3p targets in the heart. No changes in mRNA expression of Cacna1c (encoding Cav1.2 channels generating ICa,L) and Kcnd3 were seen in mir-133a-3p treated rats. However, the expression of Ppp2cA, encoding PPP2CA, and Kcnip2 encoding KChIP2, a Kv4.3 regulatory protein, were significantly decreased. The accumulation of mir-133a-3p in cardiac myocytes causes chamber-specific electrophysiological changes. The suppression of PPP2CA, involved in adrenergic signal transduction, and Kchip2 may indirectly mediate mir-133a-3p-induced augmentation of ICa,L and attenuation of Ito.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladislav S Kuzmin
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory, 1, 12, Moscow, Russia; Department of Physiology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia; Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology, National Medical Research Cardiological Complex (NMRCC), Institute of Experimental Cardiology, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Alexandra D Ivanova
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory, 1, 12, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana S Filatova
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory, 1, 12, Moscow, Russia; Department of Physiology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia; Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology, National Medical Research Cardiological Complex (NMRCC), Institute of Experimental Cardiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ksenia B Pustovit
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory, 1, 12, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia A Kobylina
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory, 1, 12, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrew J Atkinson
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Maria Petkova
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Yurij I Voronkov
- State Research Center of the Russian Federation, Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Denis V Abramochkin
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory, 1, 12, Moscow, Russia; Department of Physiology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia; Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology, National Medical Research Cardiological Complex (NMRCC), Institute of Experimental Cardiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Halina Dobrzynski
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Heart Embryology and Anatomy Research Team, Department of Anatomy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
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11
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Xiang K, Akram M, Elbossaty WF, Yang J, Fan C. Exosomes in atrial fibrillation: therapeutic potential and role as clinical biomarkers. Heart Fail Rev 2021; 27:1211-1221. [PMID: 34251579 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-021-10142-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF), the most common cardiac arrhythmia, is a global epidemic. AF can cause heart failure and myocardial infarction and increase the risk of stroke, disability, and thromboembolic events. AF is becoming increasingly ubiquitous and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality at higher ages, resulting in an increasing threat to human health as well as substantial medical and social costs. Currently, treatment strategies for AF focus on controlling heart rate and rhythm with medications to restore and maintain sinus rhythm, but this approach has limitations. Catheter ablation is not entirely satisfactory and does not address the issues underlying AF. Research exploring the mechanisms causing AF is urgently needed for improved prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of AF. Exosomes are small vesicles (30-150 nm) released by cells that transmit information between cells. MicroRNAs in exosomes play an important role in the pathogenesis of AF and are established as a biomarker for AF. In this review, a summary of the role of exosomes in AF is presented. The role of exosomes and microRNAs in AF occurrence, their therapeutic potential, and their potential role as clinical biomarkers is considered. A better understanding of exosomes has the potential to improve the prognosis of AF patients worldwide, reducing the global medical burden of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Xiang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Middle Renmin Road 139, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Muhammad Akram
- Department of Eastern Medicine, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Jinfu Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Middle Renmin Road 139, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Chengming Fan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Middle Renmin Road 139, Changsha, 410011, China.
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12
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Overexpression of MiR-29b-3p Inhibits Atrial Remodeling in Rats by Targeting PDGF-B Signaling Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:3763529. [PMID: 33520084 PMCID: PMC7817267 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3763529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Studies have found that microRNAs (miRNAs) are closely associated with atrial fibrillation, but their specific mechanism remains unclear. The purpose of this experiment is to explore the function of miR-29b-3p in regulating atrial remodeling by targeting PDGF-B signaling pathway and thereby also explore the potential mechanisms. Methods We randomly divided twenty-four rats into four groups. Caudal intravenous injections of angiotensin-II (Ang-II) were administered to establish atrial fibrosis models. Expressions of miR-29b-3p and PDGF-B were then tested via RT-PCR, western blot, and immunohistochemistry. Binding sites were then analyzed via the bioinformatics online software TargetScan and verified by Luciferase Reporter. We used Masson staining to detect the degree of atrial fibrosis, while immunofluorescence and western blot were used to detect the expressions of Collagen-I and a-SMA. We used immunohistochemistry and western blot to detect the expression of connexin 43 (Cx43). Results In comparison with the Ang-II group, miR-29b-3p was seen to lower the degree of atrial fibrosis, decrease the expression of fibrosis markers such as Collagen-I and a-SMA, and increase the protein expression of Cx43. MiR-29b-3p can lower the expression of PDGF-B, while the Luciferase Reporter showed that PDGF-B is the verified target gene of miR-29b-3p. Conclusions MiR-29b-3p was able to reduce atrial structural and electrical remodeling in the study's rat fibrosis model. This biological function may be expressed through the targeted regulation of the PDGF-B signaling pathway.
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Epigenetics in atrial fibrillation: A reappraisal. Heart Rhythm 2021; 18:824-832. [PMID: 33440248 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2021.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia and an important cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Atrial remodeling includes changes in ion channel expression and function, structural alterations, and neural remodeling, which create an arrhythmogenic milieu resulting in AF initiation and maintenance. Current therapeutic strategies for AF involving ablation and antiarrhythmic drugs are associated with relatively high recurrence and proarrhythmic side effects, respectively. Over the last 2 decades, in an effort to overcome these issues, research has sought to identify the genetic basis for AF thereby gaining insight into the regulatory mechanisms governing its pathophysiology. Despite identification of multiple gene loci associated with AF, thus far none has led to a therapy, indicating additional contributors to pathology. Recently, in the context of expanding knowledge of the epigenome (DNA methylation, histone modifications, and noncoding RNAs), its potential involvement in the onset and progression of AF pathophysiology has started to emerge. Probing the role of various epigenetic mechanisms that contribute to AF may improve our knowledge of this complex disease, identify potential therapeutic targets, and facilitate targeted therapies. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of growing epigenetic features involved in AF pathogenesis and summarize the emerging epigenomic targets for therapy that have been explored in preclinical models of AF.
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Khan MS, Yamashita K, Sharma V, Ranjan R, Dosdall DJ. RNAs and Gene Expression Predicting Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation in Cardiac Surgery Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9041139. [PMID: 32316120 PMCID: PMC7231013 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9041139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) is linked with increased morbidity, mortality rate and financial liability. About 20–50% of patients experience POAF after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. Numerous review articles and meta-analyses have investigated links between patient clinical risk factors, demographic conditions, and pre-, peri- and post-operative biomarkers to forecast POAF incidence in CABG patients. This narrative review, for the first time, summarize the role of micro-RNAs, circular-RNAs and other gene expressions that have shown experimental evidence to accurately predict the POAF incidence in cardiac surgery patients after CABG. We envisage that identifying specific genomic markers for predicting POAF might be a significant step for the prevention and effective management of this type of post-operative complication and may provide critical perspective into arrhythmogenic substrate responsible for POAF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shuja Khan
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; (M.S.K.); (K.Y.); (R.R.)
| | - Kennosuke Yamashita
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; (M.S.K.); (K.Y.); (R.R.)
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Utah-Health, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Vikas Sharma
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The University of Utah-Health, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA;
| | - Ravi Ranjan
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; (M.S.K.); (K.Y.); (R.R.)
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Utah-Health, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Derek James Dosdall
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; (M.S.K.); (K.Y.); (R.R.)
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Utah-Health, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The University of Utah-Health, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA;
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-801-587-2036
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15
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Böhm A, Vachalcova M, Snopek P, Bacharova L, Komarova D, Hatala R. Molecular Mechanisms, Diagnostic Aspects and Therapeutic Opportunities of Micro Ribonucleic Acids in Atrial Fibrillation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082742. [PMID: 32326592 PMCID: PMC7215603 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Micro ribonucleic acids (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNA molecules responsible for regulation of gene expression. They are involved in many pathophysiological processes of a wide spectrum of diseases. Recent studies showed their involvement in atrial fibrillation. They seem to become potential screening biomarkers for atrial fibrillation and even treatment targets for this arrhythmia. The aim of this review article was to summarize the latest knowledge about miRNA and their molecular relation to the pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of atrial fibrillation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan Böhm
- National Cardiovascular Institute, 831 01 Bratislava, Slovakia;
- Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University, 831 01 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Academy—Research Organization, 811 02 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.V.); (P.S.); (D.K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Marianna Vachalcova
- Academy—Research Organization, 811 02 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.V.); (P.S.); (D.K.)
- East-Slovak Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, 040 11 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Peter Snopek
- Academy—Research Organization, 811 02 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.V.); (P.S.); (D.K.)
- Cardiology Clinic Faculty Hospital, 950 01 Nitra, Slovakia
- Saint Elisabeth University of Health and Social work, 811 02 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ljuba Bacharova
- Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 813 72 Bratislava, Slovakia;
- International Laser Center, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Dominika Komarova
- Academy—Research Organization, 811 02 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.V.); (P.S.); (D.K.)
| | - Robert Hatala
- National Cardiovascular Institute, 831 01 Bratislava, Slovakia;
- Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University, 831 01 Bratislava, Slovakia
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16
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The Therapeutic Potential of MicroRNAs in Atrial Fibrillation. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2020:3053520. [PMID: 32256190 PMCID: PMC7091547 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3053520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most globally prevalent supraventricular arrhythmias is atrial fibrillation (AF). Knowledge of the structures and functions of messenger RNA (mRNA) has recently increased. It is no longer viewed as solely an intermediate molecule between DNA and proteins but has come to be seen as a dynamic and modifiable gene regulator. This new perspective on mRNA has led to rising interest in it and its presence in research into new therapeutic schemes. This paper, therefore, focuses on microRNAs (miRNAs), which are small noncoding RNAs that regulate posttranscriptional gene expression and play a vital role in the physiology and normative development of cardiovascular systems. This means they play an equally vital role in the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases. In recent years, multiple studies have pinpointed particular miRNA expression profiles as being associated with varying histological features of AF. These studies have been carried out in both animal models and AF patients. The emergence of miRNAs as biomarkers and their therapeutic potential in AF patients will be discussed in the body of this paper.
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17
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Clauss S, Bleyer C, Schüttler D, Tomsits P, Renner S, Klymiuk N, Wakili R, Massberg S, Wolf E, Kääb S. Animal models of arrhythmia: classic electrophysiology to genetically modified large animals. Nat Rev Cardiol 2020; 16:457-475. [PMID: 30894679 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-019-0179-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Arrhythmias are common and contribute substantially to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The underlying pathophysiology of arrhythmias is complex and remains incompletely understood, which explains why mostly only symptomatic therapy is available. The evaluation of the complex interplay between various cell types in the heart, including cardiomyocytes from the conduction system and the working myocardium, fibroblasts and cardiac immune cells, remains a major challenge in arrhythmia research because it can be investigated only in vivo. Various animal species have been used, and several disease models have been developed to study arrhythmias. Although every species is useful and might be ideal to study a specific hypothesis, we suggest a practical trio of animal models for future use: mice for genetic investigations, mechanistic evaluations or early studies to identify potential drug targets; rabbits for studies on ion channel function, repolarization or re-entrant arrhythmias; and pigs for preclinical translational studies to validate previous findings. In this Review, we provide a comprehensive overview of different models and currently used species for arrhythmia research, discuss their advantages and disadvantages and provide guidance for researchers who are considering performing in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Clauss
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Campus Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany. .,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich, Munich Heart Alliance (MHA), Munich, Germany.
| | - Christina Bleyer
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Campus Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich, Munich Heart Alliance (MHA), Munich, Germany
| | - Dominik Schüttler
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Campus Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich, Munich Heart Alliance (MHA), Munich, Germany
| | - Philipp Tomsits
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Campus Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich, Munich Heart Alliance (MHA), Munich, Germany
| | - Simone Renner
- Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany.,DZD (German Centre for Diabetes Research), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Nikolai Klymiuk
- Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Reza Wakili
- Universitätsklinikum Essen, Westdeutsches Herz- und Gefäßzentrum Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Steffen Massberg
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Campus Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich, Munich Heart Alliance (MHA), Munich, Germany
| | - Eckhard Wolf
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich, Munich Heart Alliance (MHA), Munich, Germany.,Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany.,DZD (German Centre for Diabetes Research), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Kääb
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Campus Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich, Munich Heart Alliance (MHA), Munich, Germany
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18
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Porcine models for studying complications and organ crosstalk in diabetes mellitus. Cell Tissue Res 2020; 380:341-378. [PMID: 31932949 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-019-03158-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The worldwide prevalence of diabetes mellitus and obesity is rapidly increasing not only in adults but also in children and adolescents. Diabetes is associated with macrovascular complications increasing the risk for cardiovascular disease and stroke, as well as microvascular complications leading to diabetic nephropathy, retinopathy and neuropathy. Animal models are essential for studying disease mechanisms and for developing and testing diagnostic procedures and therapeutic strategies. Rodent models are most widely used but have limitations in translational research. Porcine models have the potential to bridge the gap between basic studies and clinical trials in human patients. This article provides an overview of concepts for the development of porcine models for diabetes and obesity research, with a focus on genetically engineered models. Diabetes-associated ocular, cardiovascular and renal alterations observed in diabetic pig models are summarized and their similarities with complications in diabetic patients are discussed. Systematic multi-organ biobanking of porcine models of diabetes and obesity and molecular profiling of representative tissue samples on different levels, e.g., on the transcriptome, proteome, or metabolome level, is proposed as a strategy for discovering tissue-specific pathomechanisms and their molecular key drivers using systems biology tools. This is exemplified by a recent study providing multi-omics insights into functional changes of the liver in a transgenic pig model for insulin-deficient diabetes mellitus. Collectively, these approaches will provide a better understanding of organ crosstalk in diabetes mellitus and eventually reveal new molecular targets for the prevention, early diagnosis and treatment of diabetes mellitus and its associated complications.
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Wang S, Min J, Yu Y, Yin L, Wang Q, Shen H, Yang J, Zhang P, Xiao J, Wang Z. Differentially expressed miRNAs in circulating exosomes between atrial fibrillation and sinus rhythm. J Thorac Dis 2019; 11:4337-4348. [PMID: 31737319 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2019.09.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Exosomes are small (30-150 nm) membrane vesicles released by cells that transmit intercellular information. As one of the contents of exosomes, microRNAs (miRNAs) may play an important role in the pathogenesis of atrial fibrillation (AF). Exosomal miRNAs potentially function as biomarkers in AF, as shown in many other diseases. Methods To identify the different expression level of plasma exosomal miRNAs between persistent AF and sinus rhythm (SR) patients, we performed high-throughput sequencing of small RNAs in the exosomes of AF (n=4) and SR (n=4) patients. Target genes of the DE miRNAs were predicted and put into gene ontology analysis and pathway analysis. In the validation phase, we performed quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) of 6 of the DE miRNAs in AF (n=40) and SR (n=20) patients. Univariate and multivariate logistic analysis were used to analyze risk factors of AF. Results With high-throughput sequencing, we revealed 39 differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs in circulating exosomes. We validated 4 of the DE plasma exosomal miRNAs (miR-483-5p, miR-142-5p, miR-223-3p, miR-223-5p) using qRT-PCR. Univariate logistic analysis shows miR-483-5p, miR-142-5p, miR-223-3p are related with AF, while multivariate logistic analysis suggests miR-483-5p is independently in correlation with AF. Conclusions This discovery opens up a new perspective in the complicated mechanism underlying AF and the DE plasma exosomal miRNAs exert enormous potential of acting as biomarkers in assessing severity or prognostic of AF and help selecting therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyu Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Jie Min
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Bethune international peace hospital, Shijiazhuang 50082, China
| | - Yue Yu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Liang Yin
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Hua Shen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Jian Xiao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Zhinong Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai 200003, China
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20
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Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiac Remodeling and Regeneration in Physical Exercise. Cells 2019; 8:cells8101128. [PMID: 31547508 PMCID: PMC6829258 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Regular physical activity with aerobic and muscle-strengthening training protects against the occurrence and progression of cardiovascular disease and can improve cardiac function in heart failure patients. In the past decade significant advances have been made in identifying mechanisms of cardiomyocyte re-programming and renewal including an enhanced exercise-induced proliferational capacity of cardiomyocytes and its progenitor cells. Various intracellular mechanisms mediating these positive effects on cardiac function have been found in animal models of exercise and will be highlighted in this review. 1) activation of extracellular and intracellular signaling pathways including phosphatidylinositol 3 phosphate kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), EGFR/JNK/SP-1, nitric oxide (NO)-signaling, and extracellular vesicles; 2) gene expression modulation via microRNAs (miR), in particular via miR-17-3p and miR-222; and 3) modulation of cardiac cellular metabolism and mitochondrial adaption. Understanding the cellular mechanisms, which generate an exercise-induced cardioprotective cellular phenotype with physiological hypertrophy and enhanced proliferational capacity may give rise to novel therapeutic targets. These may open up innovative strategies to preserve cardiac function after myocardial injury as well as in aged cardiac tissue.
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21
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Dilaveris P, Antoniou CK, Manolakou P, Tsiamis E, Gatzoulis K, Tousoulis D. Biomarkers Associated with Atrial Fibrosis and Remodeling. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:780-802. [PMID: 28925871 DOI: 10.2174/0929867324666170918122502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation is the most common rhythm disturbance encountered in clinical practice. Although often considered as solely arrhythmic in nature, current evidence has established that atrial myopathy constitutes both the substrate and the outcome of atrial fibrillation, thus initiating a vicious, self-perpetuating cycle. This myopathy is triggered by stress-induced (including pressure/volume overload, inflammation, oxidative stress) responses of atrial tissue, which in the long term become maladaptive, and combine elements of both structural, especially fibrosis, and electrical remodeling, with contemporary approaches yielding potentially useful biomarkers of these processes. Biomarker value becomes greater given the fact that they can both predict atrial fibrillation occurrence and treatment outcome. This mini-review will focus on the biomarkers of atrial remodeling (both electrical and structural) and fibrosis that have been validated in human studies, including biochemical, histological and imaging approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polychronis Dilaveris
- First Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Panagiota Manolakou
- First Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleftherios Tsiamis
- First Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Gatzoulis
- First Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitris Tousoulis
- First Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Briasoulis A, Sharma S, Telila T, Mallikethi-Reddy S, Papageorgiou N, Oikonomou E, Tousoulis D. MicroRNAs in Atrial Fibrillation. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:855-863. [PMID: 28933293 DOI: 10.2174/0929867324666170920151024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs, involved in regulation of post-transcriptional gene expression. They exert key role not only in physiology and normal development of the cardiovascular system but also in cardiovascular disease development and progression. Recent animal and human studies of tissue specific miRNAs have suggested a role in structural and electrical remodeling in atrial fibrillation (AF). Their emerging role as biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets in patients with AF is discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Briasoulis
- Wayne State University, Division of Cardiology, Detroit, Michigan, MI, United States
| | - Shikha Sharma
- University of Michigan, Division of Cardiology, Arrhythmia services, Ann Arbor, Michigan, MI, United States
| | - Tesfaye Telila
- Wayne State University, Division of Cardiology, Detroit, Michigan, MI, United States
| | | | | | - Evangelos Oikonomou
- 1st Department of Cardiology, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitris Tousoulis
- 1st Department of Cardiology, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
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23
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Overexpression of miR-27b-3p Targeting Wnt3a Regulates the Signaling Pathway of Wnt/ β-Catenin and Attenuates Atrial Fibrosis in Rats with Atrial Fibrillation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:5703764. [PMID: 31178968 PMCID: PMC6501122 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5703764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are regarded as a potential method for the treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF) although its molecular mechanism remains unknown. We found in our previous study that the level of peripheral blood miR-27b-3p and the expression of atrial tissue CX43 were both significantly downregulated in AF patients. In the present study, we propose and test this hypothesis that overexpression of miR-27b-3p attenuates atrial fibrosis, increases CX43 expression, and regulates the signaling pathway of Wnt/β-Catenin by targeting Wnt3a. miR-27b-3p overexpression was induced by rat tail vein injection of adeno-associated virus. Two weeks after transfection of adeno-associated virus, the rat AF model was established by tail vein injection of acetylcholine- (ACh-) CaCl2 for 7 days, and 1 ml/kg was injected daily. The incidence and duration of AF were recorded with an electrocardiogram. Cardiac function was monitored by cardiac ultrasound. Serum cardiac enzyme was detected by ELISA. The expression of atrial miR-27b-3 and Wnt3a was assayed by quantitative RT-PCR. Atrial fibrosis was determined by Masson's trichrome staining. Expression of atrial Collagen-I and Collagen-III was tested by the immunohistochemical method. Expression of CX43 was measured by immunofluorescence. The expression of Collagen-I, a-SMA, Collagen-III, TGF-β1, CX43, Wnt3a, β-Catenin, and p-β-Catenin was assayed by western blot. Our results showed that miR-27b-3p overexpression could reduce the incidence and duration of AF, alleviate atrial fibrosis, increase atrial CX43 expression, and decrease the expression of Collagen-I, a-SMA, Collagen-III, TGF-β1, Wnt3a, and p-β-Catenin. In addition, the results of luciferase activity assay showed that Wnt3a is a validated miR-27b-3p target in HEK 293T cells. Our results provide a new evidence that miR-27b-3p regulates the signaling pathway of Wnt/β-Catenin by targeting Wnt3a, which may play an important role in the development of atrial fibrosis and AF.
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24
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Thomas D, Christ T, Fabritz L, Goette A, Hammwöhner M, Heijman J, Kockskämper J, Linz D, Odening KE, Schweizer PA, Wakili R, Voigt N. German Cardiac Society Working Group on Cellular Electrophysiology state-of-the-art paper: impact of molecular mechanisms on clinical arrhythmia management. Clin Res Cardiol 2018; 108:577-599. [PMID: 30306295 DOI: 10.1007/s00392-018-1377-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac arrhythmias remain a common challenge and are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Effective and safe rhythm control strategies are a primary, yet unmet need in everyday clinical practice. Despite significant pharmacological and technological advances, including catheter ablation and device-based therapies, the development of more effective alternatives is of significant interest to increase quality of life and to reduce symptom burden, hospitalizations and mortality. The mechanistic understanding of pathophysiological pathways underlying cardiac arrhythmias has advanced profoundly, opening up novel avenues for mechanism-based therapeutic approaches. Current management of arrhythmias, however, is primarily guided by clinical and demographic characteristics of patient groups as opposed to individual, patient-specific mechanisms and pheno-/genotyping. With this state-of-the-art paper, the Working Group on Cellular Electrophysiology of the German Cardiac Society aims to close the gap between advanced molecular understanding and clinical decision-making in cardiac electrophysiology. The significance of cellular electrophysiological findings for clinical arrhythmia management constitutes the main focus of this document. Clinically relevant knowledge of pathophysiological pathways of arrhythmias and cellular mechanisms of antiarrhythmic interventions are summarized. Furthermore, the specific molecular background for the initiation and perpetuation of atrial and ventricular arrhythmias and mechanism-based strategies for therapeutic interventions are highlighted. Current "hot topics" in atrial fibrillation are critically appraised. Finally, the establishment and support of cellular and translational electrophysiology programs in clinical rhythmology departments is called for to improve basic-science-guided patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dierk Thomas
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany. .,HCR (Heidelberg Center for Heart Rhythm Disorders), Heidelberg, Germany. .,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Torsten Christ
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Larissa Fabritz
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Department of Cardiology, UHB NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Division of Rhythmology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Andreas Goette
- St. Vincenz-Hospital, Paderborn, Germany.,Working Group: Molecular Electrophysiology, University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Hammwöhner
- St. Vincenz-Hospital, Paderborn, Germany.,Working Group: Molecular Electrophysiology, University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jordi Heijman
- Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jens Kockskämper
- Biochemical and Pharmacological Center (BPC) Marburg, Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Dominik Linz
- Centre for Heart Rhythm Disorders, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Adelaide and Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Experimental Electrophysiology, University Hospital of Saarland, Homburg, Saar, Germany
| | - Katja E Odening
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Institute for Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart Center University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Patrick A Schweizer
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,HCR (Heidelberg Center for Heart Rhythm Disorders), Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany.,Heidelberg Research Center for Molecular Medicine (HRCMM), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Reza Wakili
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, West German Heart Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Niels Voigt
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August University Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Straße 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany. .,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
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25
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Xu J, Wu H, Chen S, Qi B, Zhou G, Cai L, Zhao L, Wei Y, Liu S. MicroRNA-30c suppresses the pro-fibrogenic effects of cardiac fibroblasts induced by TGF-β1 and prevents atrial fibrosis by targeting TGFβRII. J Cell Mol Med 2018. [PMID: 29532993 PMCID: PMC5980214 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrosis serves as an important contributor to atrial fibrillation (AF). Recent data have suggested that microRNA-30c (miR-30c) is involved in fibrotic remodelling and cancer development, but the specific role of miR-30c in atrial fibrosis remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of miR-30c in atrial fibrosis and its underlying mechanisms through in vivo and in vitro experiments. Our results indicate that miR-30c is significantly down-regulated in the rat abdominal aortic constriction (AAC) model and in the cellular model of fibrosis induced by transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). Overexpression of miR-30c in cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) markedly inhibits CF proliferation, differentiation, migration and collagen production, whereas decrease in miR-30c leads to the opposite results. Moreover, we identified TGFβRII as a target of miR-30c. Finally, transferring adeno-associated virus 9 (AAV9)-miR-30c into the inferior vena cava of rats attenuated fibrosis in the left atrium following AAC. These data indicate that miR-30c attenuates atrial fibrosis via inhibition of CF proliferation, differentiation, migration and collagen production by targeting TGFβRII, suggesting that miR-30c might be a novel potential therapeutic target for preventing atrial fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiqing Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Songwen Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Baozhen Qi
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Genqing Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lidong Cai
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liqun Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Wei
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Songjiang Central Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaowen Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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26
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Report on the Ion Channel Symposium : Organized by the German Cardiac Society Working Group on Cellular Electrophysiology (AG 18). Herzschrittmacherther Elektrophysiol 2018; 29:4-13. [PMID: 29313139 DOI: 10.1007/s00399-017-0549-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
To support scientific exchange and activity in the field of cardiac cellular electrophysiology, the German Cardiac Society Working Group on Cellular Electrophysiology (AG 18) established a two-day symposium to be held every 2 years. The second Ion Channel Symposium entitled "Göttingen Channels 2017-Of Benches and Beds" took place in Göttingen from September 22nd to 23rd under the auspices of the German Cardiac Society. A group of national and international experts presented scientific advances in cardiac electrophysiology and rhythmology. The symposium's primary focus was the significance of cellular electrophysiology findings for the optimization of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies against cardiac arrhythmias. To this end, speakers, chairpersons and attendees discussed the contribution of specific molecular alterations to the initiation and perpetuation of atrial and ventricular arrhythmias. Furthermore, the meeting highlighted how discoveries in electrophysiological research may lead to novel therapeutic targets. The interdisciplinary assessment of mechanisms and therapeutic strategies of cardiac arrhythmias represented a key feature of the meeting. A unique combination of topics and speakers representing both basic science and clinical electrophysiology ensured the scientific success of the "Göttingen Channels 2017" symposium. The next Ion Channel Symposium is planned to be hosted by the incoming co-chair of the German Cardiac Society Working Group on Cellular Electrophysiology in fall 2019.
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27
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Thanigaimani S, Lau DH, Agbaedeng T, Elliott AD, Mahajan R, Sanders P. Molecular mechanisms of atrial fibrosis: implications for the clinic. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2017; 15:247-256. [DOI: 10.1080/14779072.2017.1299005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shivshankar Thanigaimani
- Centre for Heart Rhythm Disorders, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Adelaide and Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Dennis H Lau
- Centre for Heart Rhythm Disorders, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Adelaide and Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Thomas Agbaedeng
- Centre for Heart Rhythm Disorders, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Adelaide and Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Adrian D. Elliott
- Centre for Heart Rhythm Disorders, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Adelaide and Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Rajiv Mahajan
- Centre for Heart Rhythm Disorders, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Adelaide and Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Prashanthan Sanders
- Centre for Heart Rhythm Disorders, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Adelaide and Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
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28
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Xu G, Cui Y, Jia Z, Yue Y, Yang S. The Values of Coronary Circulating miRNAs in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166235. [PMID: 27855199 PMCID: PMC5113910 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of miRNA regulation in atrial fibrillation (AF) occurrence and development is still unclear, especially, the regulating values of coronary circulating miRNAs has not been reported. Based on our AF radiofrequency ablation clinical practice and previous miRNA study, we proposed a hypothesis that the coronary circulating miRNA might much better reflect the regulating state and metabolic level of myocardial miRNA in AF patient. To investigate the regulating values of coronary circulation miRNA, 90 AF patients were selected and compared with 90 healthy subjects, the changes of coronary circulating miRNA differential expression profile in the whole genome were observed in this study. We found out that compared with autologous peripheral blood (PB), 6 miRNAs were upregulated and 8 miRNA downregulated in AF patients' coronary sinus blood (CSB) significantly, especially, the expression of miR-1266, miR-4279 and miR-4666a-3p were obviously increased. Compared with normal donors' peripheral blood, 16 miRNAs were upregulated and 24 miRNAs downregulated dramatically in patients' peripheral blood, among them, the miR-3171 decreased, but miR-892a and miR-3149 increased significantly from the early to end stages of AF. Our results indicated that the coronary circulating miRNA can really reflect the regulating values of miRNA in AF patient; the level of miRNA change in 3 types of AF may reflect the severity of AF clinical and pathophysiological advance; The miR-892a, miR-3171 and miR-3149 may be used as biomarkers for earlier diagnosis, while miR-1266, miR-4279 and miR-4666a-3p may serve as potential intervening targets for AF patient in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiyu Xu
- The Department of Cardiology, Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxia Cui
- The Department of Cardiology, Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenghua Jia
- The Dept. of Cardiology, Hebei Medical University Affiliated Yiling Hospital, Hebei, China
| | - Yunan Yue
- The Department of Cardiology, Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shuixiang Yang
- The Department of Cardiology, Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Beijing, China
- The Dept. of Cardiology, Hebei Medical University Affiliated Yiling Hospital, Hebei, China
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29
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Clauss S, Wakili R, Hildebrand B, Kääb S, Hoster E, Klier I, Martens E, Hanley A, Hanssen H, Halle M, Nickel T. MicroRNAs as Biomarkers for Acute Atrial Remodeling in Marathon Runners (The miRathon Study--A Sub-Study of the Munich Marathon Study). PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148599. [PMID: 26859843 PMCID: PMC4747606 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Physical activity is beneficial for individual health, but endurance sport is associated with the development of arrhythmias like atrial fibrillation. The underlying mechanisms leading to this increased risk are still not fully understood. MicroRNAs are important mediators of proarrhythmogenic remodeling and have potential value as biomarkers in cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, the objective of our study was to determine the value of circulating microRNAs as potential biomarkers for atrial remodeling in marathon runners (miRathon study). Methods 30 marathon runners were recruited into our study and were divided into two age-matched groups depending on the training status: elite (ER, ≥55 km/week, n = 15) and non-elite runners (NER, ≤40 km/week, n = 15). All runners participated in a 10 week training program before the marathon. MiRNA plasma levels were measured at 4 time points: at baseline (V1), after a 10 week training period (V2), immediately after the marathon (V3) and 24h later (V4). Additionally, we obtained clinical data including serum chemistry and echocardiography at each time point. Results MiRNA plasma levels were similar in both groups over time with more pronounced changes in ER. After the marathon miR-30a plasma levels increased significantly in both groups. MiR-1 and miR-133a plasma levels also increased but showed significant changes in ER only. 24h after the marathon plasma levels returned to baseline. MiR-26a decreased significantly after the marathon in elite runners only and miR-29b showed a non-significant decrease over time in both groups. In ER miRNA plasma levels showed a significant correlation with LA diameter, in NER miRNA plasma levels did not correlate with echocardiographic parameters. Conclusion MiRNAs were differentially expressed in the plasma of marathon runners with more pronounced changes in ER. Plasma levels in ER correlate with left atrial diameter suggesting that circulating miRNAs could potentially serve as biomarkers of atrial remodeling in athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Clauss
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik 1, Campus Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Munich, Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Reza Wakili
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik 1, Campus Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Munich, Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Bianca Hildebrand
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik 1, Campus Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Kääb
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik 1, Campus Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Munich, Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Eva Hoster
- Institute for Medical Informatics Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen, Munich, Germany
| | - Ina Klier
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik 1, Campus Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Eimo Martens
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik 1, Campus Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Alan Hanley
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States of America
| | - Henner Hanssen
- Department of Prevention and Sports Medicine, TechnischeUniversitätMünchen, Klinikumrechts der Isar (MRI), Munich, Germany
- Sports Medicine, Institute of Exercise and Health Sciences, University Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Halle
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Munich, Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Department of Prevention and Sports Medicine, TechnischeUniversitätMünchen, Klinikumrechts der Isar (MRI), Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Nickel
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik 1, Campus Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), Munich, Germany
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