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Lee J, Lee S, Shin Y. Lack of Parental Control Is Longitudinally Associated With Higher Smartphone Addiction Tendency in Young Children: A Population-Based Cohort Study. J Korean Med Sci 2024; 39:e254. [PMID: 39228185 PMCID: PMC11372410 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2024.39.e254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the current study was to examine the risk factors of young children's smartphone addiction in a longitudinal study design. Data collected from 313 participants (mean age, 4.5 ± 0.82 years; male, 49.8%) over 4 years for Kids Cohort for Understanding of Internet Addiction Risk Factors in Early Childhood were analyzed in this study. Mixed effect models were used to evaluate the influence of various variables on the repeated measures of smartphone addiction tendency in young children over time. The multi-level analysis showed that parents' lack of control over children's smartphone use (t = -4.523; 95% confidence interval [CI], -7.32, -1.72), and parents' higher smartphone addiction proneness (t = 6.340; 95% CI, 0.23, 0.440) predicted higher smartphone addiction tendency in young children. The responsibility of the parents to prevent their children from becoming addicted to smartphones should start in a very early age when they start using the smartphones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeewon Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Sangha Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Yunmi Shin
- Department of Psychiatry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.
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Wang J, Liu RD, Ding Y, Hong W, Liu J. How Parental Mediation and Parental Phubbing Affect Preschool Children's Screen Media Use: A Response Surface Analysis. CYBERPSYCHOLOGY, BEHAVIOR AND SOCIAL NETWORKING 2024; 27:651-657. [PMID: 39019024 DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2023.0638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Parental mediation (PM) and parental phubbing (PP) are two pivotal factors that influence children's screen media use. This study used response surface analysis to examine the combined effect of PM and PP on screen time among preschool children. A total of 3,445 parents with preschool-aged children participated in this study, providing self-reported data on PM, PP, and their children's screen time (CST). The results revealed that CST decreased when parents enhanced their mediation behaviors and reduced phubbing behaviors in the cases of congruence between PM and PP. In instances of incongruence, reduced screen time was observed when parents exhibited lower frequency in mediating their CST and displayed fewer phubbing behaviors compared with situations where parents mediated their children more frequently but engaged in higher levels of phubbing behaviors. The findings suggest that PM play a significant role in mitigating preschool-aged children's excessive screen time. Moreover, it is critical to establish positive role modeling by reducing PP behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wang
- Teachers' College, Beijing Union University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Ru-De Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yi Ding
- Fordham University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Wei Hong
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Jiabin Liu
- Beijing Normal University, Beijing, P. R. China
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Chang FC, Chuang WC, Rutherford R, Chen WY, Yang CY, Chiu CH, Chen PH, Miao NF, Chuang HY. Associations between Marketing Exposure, In-game Purchases, Problem Gaming, Simulated Gambling, and Psychological Distress among Adolescents. J Gambl Stud 2024:10.1007/s10899-024-10353-z. [PMID: 39196468 DOI: 10.1007/s10899-024-10353-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
This study examined the relationships between marketing exposure, in-game purchase, problem gaming, online simulated gambling game playing, and psychological distress. Data were obtained from a sample of 2,595 seventh-grade students from 30 middle schools in Taiwan. A self-administered questionnaire was conducted in 2020. The results indicated that 94% of adolescents engage in online gaming, with 38% making in-game purchases, and 9% playing online simulated gambling games. The multiple regression results showed that adolescents who are exposed to higher levels of gaming marketing, influenced by advertising effects, involved in in-game purchases, and have lower levels of active parental mediation were more likely to experience problem gaming. Adolescents who have increased exposure to gambling game marketing, are influenced by advertising effects, are involved in in-game purchases, and who are experiencing problem gaming were more likely to engage in online simulated gambling game playing and token purchasing. Involvement in in-game purchases, problem gaming, and playing online simulated gambling games were associated with higher levels of psychological distress and poor sleep quality. In conclusion, the results of this study link adolescents' exposure to marketing with their involvement in in-game purchases, problem gaming, and engaging in online simulated gambling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fong-Ching Chang
- Department of Health Promotion and Health Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Taiwan, 162, Ho-Ping E. Rd., Sec.1, Taipei, 10610, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Chun Chuang
- Department of Dentistry, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ru Rutherford
- Department of Health Promotion and Health Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Taiwan, 162, Ho-Ping E. Rd., Sec.1, Taipei, 10610, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yu Chen
- Department of Health Promotion and Health Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Taiwan, 162, Ho-Ping E. Rd., Sec.1, Taipei, 10610, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ying Yang
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Hui Chiu
- Graduate Institute of Information and Computer Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Hung Chen
- The Graduate Institute of Mass Communication, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Nae-Fang Miao
- Post-Baccalaureate Program in Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Yi Chuang
- Department of Public Health, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Lukavská K, Gabrhelík R. Parental views on their children's smartphone use during personal and relational activities. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0308258. [PMID: 39102409 PMCID: PMC11299814 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0308258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Given the negative outcomes associated with smartphone use during personal and relational activities (SUPRA), parents strive to regulate its use among their children. However, media parenting recommendations lack knowledge of parental views on SUPRA and their relative occurrence in youths. This study aimed to (i) estimate SUPRA frequency among children and adolescents, (ii) assess parental dislike (PD) of SUPRA, and (iii) identify predictors of PD of SUPRA. An online survey was completed by 826 parents (49% mothers, age 25-74, Median = 43 years), capturing PD of SUPRA, estimated frequency of SUPRA in their children (49% female, age 6-18, Median = 10 years), parenting styles (warmth and control), parental attitudes toward screen media, and sociodemographic characteristics. The rate of frequent SUPRA was significantly higher in adolescents (2.7-48.1%) compared to children (2.1-27.2%) with odds ratios ranging from 0.67 to 3.04, depending on the activity type. PD of SUPRA was high in parents of children (M = 4.04, SD = 0.66) and adolescents (M = 3.93, SD = 0.71). Linear regression identified being a mother, having higher levels of control and warmth, and less positive attitudes toward screen media as significant predictors of SUPRA dislike. Our study was the first to report the estimated occurrence and parental dislike of smartphone use (SU) during various personal and relational activities, enabling their direct comparison. Experts warn against SU while studying and at bedtime, which frequently occurred in 4-5% of children and 10-12% of adolescents. More attention should be paid to SU during relational (peer/family) activities due to its relatively high occurrence and parental dissatisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateřina Lukavská
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Addictology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Gabrhelík
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Addictology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Addictology, General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
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Tong W, He W, Wang Y, Xie C, Fang L, Jia J, Fang X. Associations Between Internet-Specific Parenting, General Parenting, and Adolescents' Online Behaviors: A Cross-Lagged Panel Network Analysis. J Youth Adolesc 2024; 53:1847-1860. [PMID: 38615131 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-024-01981-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Parents play a crucial role in adolescents' Internet use. Both general parenting (i.e., autonomy-supportive and controlling parenting) and Internet-specific parenting (i.e., restrictive mediation, active mediation, and parental encouragement) are related to adolescents' online behaviors. However, existing studies have focused either on an Internet-specific parenting or general parenting strategy and have neglected their interaction, failing to capture the intricate nature of the parenting context of youth's online behaviors. Few studies have examined parental encouragement or acknowledged the bidirectional influence of parenting on adolescents' online behaviors. To address this gap, this study employed a cross-lagged panel network model to examine the associations among restrictive and active mediation, parental encouragement, and autonomy-supportive and controlling parenting, as well as the interplay of all five parenting strategies with adolescents' online behaviors. A total of 564 Chinese students (51.1% male; mean age = 14.54, SD = 0.7) completed the survey at two time points. The results indicate that in most cases, previous online behaviors are significant and strong predictors of subsequent parenting strategies and not vice versa, corroborating the child effect. The parent and reciprocal effects were observed in the problematic smartphone-use domain, suggesting that the effects may differ for distinct behavioral domains. The effects of parental mediation extend beyond parental encouragement, implying that risk-prevention-related parenting is an effective means of guiding adolescents' online behaviors. Autonomy-relevant general parenting is closely related to active mediation and parental encouragement, while restrictive general parenting is closely related to restrictive mediation, suggesting a consistency between Internet-specific and general parenting strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Tong
- School of Psychology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
- Lab for Educational Big Data and Policymaking (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen He
- School of Psychology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
- Lab for Educational Big Data and Policymaking (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuqing Wang
- School of Psychology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Xie
- Sichuan Tianfu New Area Xiangshan High School, Chengdu, China
| | - Liting Fang
- School of Psychology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jichao Jia
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiaoyi Fang
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
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Efrati Y, Rosenberg H, Ophir Y. Effective parental strategies against problematic smartphone use among adolescents: A 6-month prospective study. Addict Behav 2024; 154:108024. [PMID: 38555777 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2024.108024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Problematic Smartphone Use (PSU) among adolescents is growing problem worldwide and multiple studies investigated its associated parental risk and protective factors. The available studies, however, typically do not address the multidimensional nature of PSU. They also rely heavily on cross-sectional designs with a small number of potentially contributing variables. This 6-month prospective study examines the relationships between a large range of parental factors with the three known dimensions of PSU: social environment pressure, emotional gain, and addiction-like behaviors. Specifically the study examines whether, and to what extent, the various dimensions of current and future PSU are related to parental support giving, general quality of communication, specific communication about smartphone use, and the four common mediation strategies. The sample comprised 1187 triads of mothers, fathers, and adolescents. The data-analysis pipeline consisted of three consecutive phases: (1) analyses of parental factors at baseline, (2) analyses of parental factors change over 6-months, and (3) interaction analyses between parental factors and the time-period of the study. The pipeline elicited three factors that moderated the change in PSU over time: Communication about smartphones with mothers, parental support giving, and parental co-use. The implications of these findings are discussed in the context of the existing literature and the familial, microsystem theoretical framework. Altogether, this prospective study scrutinized key parental factors and strategies that could be utilized by parents for coping with one of the most difficult parenting challenges of the digital era. Further research may build upon these findings to develop designated interventions to reduce PSU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaniv Efrati
- Bar-Ilan University, Faculty of Education, Ramat Gan, Israel.
| | | | - Yaakov Ophir
- Department of Education, Ariel University, Israel; The Centre for Human-Inspired Artificial Intelligence, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Huang YF, Chui H. Bullying Victims' Perceived Social Support and Psychological Health and Prosocial Behavior: A Latent Profile Analysis. J Youth Adolesc 2024; 53:1683-1698. [PMID: 38427144 PMCID: PMC11136783 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-024-01954-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The literature on school bullying and perceived social support primarily relies on variable-centered approaches, investigating the independent effects of individual sources of social support. However, victims of school bullying perceive different combinations of levels of social support from multiple sources. Hence, there lacks a holistic person-centered examination of the joint effects of multiple sources of social support. The study surveyed 915 bullying victims (51.9% boys, 48.1% girls; Mage = 13.52, SD = 0.75). Latent profile analysis identified five profiles of social support across five sources (i.e., parents, teachers, classmates, close friends, and online-only friends): online-offline supported adolescents, offline supported adolescents, moderately supported adolescents, close friend supported adolescents, and unsupported. The five social support profiles were associated differently with bullying victims' demographic characteristics (i.e., age, gender, and socioeconomic status), frequency of victimization, psychological health (i.e., subjective well-being, depression, and anxiety), and prosocial behavior. The findings support the heterogenous nature of social support perceived by bullying victims and offer insights into more tailored interventions aimed at promoting the development victims in different subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanghua Felicia Huang
- Department of Educational Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Harold Chui
- Department of Educational Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Kroshus-Havril E, Steiner MK, Christakis D. Family and developmental correlates of adolescent involvement in decision making about screen use. Prev Med Rep 2024; 41:102717. [PMID: 38623581 PMCID: PMC11016903 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Assess how child involvement in making rules about screen time relates to age, child prosocial functioning, and amount of screen use. Methods NORC's AmeriSpeak Panel was used to recruit a nationally representative sample of parents or guardians of school-aged children (age 5-17) in the United States (n = 2084). Parents completed survey that included measures of screen time, child involvement in rule making about screen use, family functioning, and dimensions of child psychosocial functioning. Results Across all age categories, most families had some form of rules about the allowable amount of screen-based digital media for uses other than schoolwork: 86% of elementary school-aged children (ages 5 to 10), 81% of middle school-aged children (ages 11-13), and 61% of high school aged children (ages 14-17). Across all age groups, having rules was associated with fewer hours of screen time (elementary school: B = -1.31, 95% CI = -1.80 to -0.81, p < 0.001; middle school: B = -1.40, 95% CI = -2.20 to -0.59, p < 0.001; high school: B = -0.97, 95% CI = -1.68 to -0.27, p = 0.007). Child involvement in making rules was significantly greater for high school students as compared to elementary school students (ß=0.12, p < 0.001), and not associated with high school- or middle-school aged child screen time. Across all age groups, child involvement in making rules was associated with higher levels of prosocial functioning (elementary school: ß=0.07, p < 0.001; middle school: ß=0.19, p = 0.001; high school: ß=0.21, p < 0.001). Conclusions Child involvement in making rules about screen use may be an opportunity to strengthen developmentally important competencies, as part of a broader autonomy-supportive approach to parenting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Kroshus-Havril
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Center for Child Health, Behavior and Development, USA
- University of Washington, Department of Pediatrics, USA
| | - Mary Kathleen Steiner
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Center for Child Health, Behavior and Development, USA
| | - Dimitri Christakis
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Center for Child Health, Behavior and Development, USA
- University of Washington, Department of Pediatrics, USA
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Donald JN, Ciarrochi J, Guo J. Connected or Cutoff? A 4-Year Longitudinal Study of the Links Between Adolescents' Compulsive Internet Use and Social Support. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN 2024; 50:299-313. [PMID: 36350186 DOI: 10.1177/01461672221127802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
As the online world plays an increasing role in young peoples' lives, research on compulsive internet use (CIU) is receiving growing attention. Given the social richness of the online world, there is a need to better understand how CIU influences adolescents' social support and vice versa. Drawing on ecological systems theory, we examined the longitudinal links between adolescents' CIU and perceived social support from three sources (parents, teachers, and friends) across 4 critical years of adolescence (Grades 8-11). Using random intercept cross-lagged modeling, we found that CIU consistently preceded reduced social support from teachers, whereas social support from parents preceded increases in CIU over time. We discuss the implications of our findings for parents and schools seeking to support young people experiencing CIU.
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Affiliation(s)
- James N Donald
- The University of Sydney Business School, Darlington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Joseph Ciarrochi
- Australian Catholic University, North Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jiesi Guo
- Australian Catholic University, North Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Long J, Liu Y, Wang Y, Pottié A, Cornil A, Deleuze J, Wu Q, Chen S, Ma Y, Wang Q, Hao Y, Lu J, Radu IG, Liu T, Billieux J. The Mediating Effects of Perceived Family Support in the Relationship Between Anxiety and Problematic Smartphone Use: A Cross-Cultural Validation. J Nerv Ment Dis 2024; 212:76-83. [PMID: 38030146 DOI: 10.1097/nmd.0000000000001738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Problematic smartphone use (PSU) is frequently considered a public health issue, especially in East Asia and Europe. Yet, there is a paucity of research focusing on cultural and familial determinants of PSU. This cross-cultural study aimed to investigate smartphone usage patterns and possible mediating effects of perceived family support (PFS) from a stress-coping perspective. Convenience samples of 790 Chinese and 439 Belgian undergraduates completed an online survey that focused on sociodemographics and psychological variables ( i.e. , anxiety, depression, PFS, and PSU). In both samples, PSU was positively associated with anxiety and depression, and negatively associated with PFS. However, after controlling for sex and age in structural equation models, the consistent mediating effects of PFS were only found between anxiety and PSU in both cultural settings. These findings suggest that psychological interventions that take into account familial factors could be helpful for young people presenting with anxiety and PSU.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yueheng Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University
| | - Yingying Wang
- School of Physical Education and Health, Hunan University of Technology and Business, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Aurore Pottié
- Louvain Experimental Psychopathology Research Group, Psychological Sciences Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | | | | | - Qiuxia Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University
| | - Shubao Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University
| | - Yuejiao Ma
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University
| | - Qianjin Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University
| | - Yuzhu Hao
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University
| | - Jing Lu
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ilinca-Gabriela Radu
- Global Health Section, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tieqiao Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University
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Hawk ST, Wang Y, Wong N, Xiao Y, Zhang Y. "Youth-focused" versus "whole-family" screen rules: Associations with social media difficulties and moderation by impulsivity. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2023; 33:1254-1267. [PMID: 37431604 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Many parents attempt to limit adolescents' screen time without changing their own habits. We examined whether "whole-family" versus "youth-focused" restrictions differentially predict social media-related difficulties (procrastination and problematic use), and whether adolescents' impulsive social media behaviors moderated these relationships. Among 183 Chinese early adolescents (58.5% female), whole-family rules negatively predicted procrastination. Impulsivity moderated associations between rulemaking approaches and social media difficulties; youth-focused rules negatively predicted procrastination and problematic use for highly impulsive adolescents, while whole-family rules held no associations or predicted increased difficulties. For less impulsive adolescents, however, whole-family rules negatively predicted social media difficulties and youth-focused rules positively predicted problematic use. Results suggest that setting the implementation of screen rules should involve parental participation and consideration of individual differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Skyler T Hawk
- Department of Educational Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Ma Liu Shui, Hong Kong
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Educational Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Ma Liu Shui, Hong Kong
| | - Natalie Wong
- Department of Educational Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Ma Liu Shui, Hong Kong
| | - Yang Xiao
- Shenzhen Arts School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Media and Communication, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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12
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Aksoy B, Apaydın Cırık V, Bektaş M. Media Parenting Scale for School-Aged Children (MEPA-20): Psychometric Properties of the Turkish Version. J Pediatr Nurs 2023; 73:91-101. [PMID: 37657123 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2023.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Media parenting refers to the strategies and behaviors parents use to interact with their children regarding the amount, content, and context of screen use. Children's media/screen use is a significant indicator of media parenting practices. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the Media Parenting Scale for School-Aged Children (MEPA-20). METHODS This methodological study involved 524 parents with children aged 6-10 and was conducted between October 15, 2022, and February 15, 2023. In the data analysis, the Content Validity Index, Explanatory and Confirmatory Factor Analyses, Cronbach's alpha, Test-retest reliability, Hotelling T2 test, and item-total score correlation were used. The test-retest reliability analysis of the Turkish version of MEPA-20 was performed with 30 parents after 4 weeks. RESULTS MEPA-20 consists of 20 items and three sub-dimensions (active, restrictive, and over-protective mediation). The MEPA-20 Turkish version and its three factors were found to indicate acceptable levels of internal consistency and reliability. The three-factor construct validity of the MEPA-20 Turkish version determined with Explanatory Factor Analyses was successfully confirmed with Confirmatory Factor Analysis. CONCLUSION The MEPA-20 is a valid and reliable tool for assessing the media parenting practices of parents of children aged 6-10 years in the Turkish population. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Based on the impact of media parenting practices on child and family health, nurses should raise awareness and support parents regarding children's healthy screen use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahar Aksoy
- Akdeniz University, Kumluca Faculty of Health Sciences, Child Health and Disease Nursing Department, Antalya, Turkey.
| | - Vildan Apaydın Cırık
- Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Midwifery, Child Health and Disease Nursing, Karaman, Turkey
| | - Murat Bektaş
- Dokuz Eylul University, Faculty of Nursing, Child Health and Disease Nursing Department, İzmir, Turkey
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13
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Otsuka Y, Kaneita Y, Itani O, Matsumoto Y. A School-Based Program for Problematic Internet Use for Adolescents in Japan. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1754. [PMID: 38002845 PMCID: PMC10670389 DOI: 10.3390/children10111754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Despite the serious influence of problematic Internet use on mental health among Japanese adolescents, no randomized clinical trials have investigated universal school-based interventions for this potential health challenge. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the efficacy of a school-based educational program. This two-armed, parallel, cluster-based randomized clinical trial included 5312 students from 13 high schools situated in a mid-sized Japanese city. The students in the intervention arm received 10 weekly standardized sessions, including a combination of information provision and interactive sessions by schoolteachers. The students in the control group followed a standard school curriculum. A generalized estimating equation model was applied to assess the primary (Korean Scale for Internet Addiction [K-scale] score) and secondary (behavioral change status according to changes in the transtheoretical model smartphone addiction score and Internet usage time) outcomes two months after intervention completion. The intention-to-treat analysis included 2597 (97.2%) and 2504 (94.9%) students in the intervention and control groups, respectively. Nevertheless, a significant discrepancy emerged regarding the behavioral change status. Therefore, this school-based program did not improve the Internet or smartphone addiction scores among Japanese adolescents. Further studies are needed to develop appropriate interventions for adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichiro Otsuka
- Division of Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-Ward, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan; (Y.O.); (O.I.); (Y.M.)
| | - Yoshitaka Kaneita
- Division of Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-Ward, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan; (Y.O.); (O.I.); (Y.M.)
| | - Osamu Itani
- Division of Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-Ward, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan; (Y.O.); (O.I.); (Y.M.)
- Department of Public Health, International University of Health and Welfare, Chiba 286-8686, Japan
| | - Yuuki Matsumoto
- Division of Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-Ward, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan; (Y.O.); (O.I.); (Y.M.)
- Department of Nursing, School of Medicine, Kurume University School of Nursing, Kurume 830-0003, Japan
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V S H, Abraham M, Prabhu S, Shi J, Dsouza DD. Mapping the theories, content, and outcomes of family-based interventions for children and young people with gaming disorder: A scoping review protocol. F1000Res 2023; 12:1178. [PMID: 38464737 PMCID: PMC10924826 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.134800.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Despite the growth of gaming disorders globally, evidence of the formal involvement of family in treating gaming disorders is limited. When children are affected by gaming disorder, the family may encounter challenges in managing the behavior and in the lack of information regarding the gaming disorder, resulting in inconsistent parenting, which may further exacerbate the problem. Thus, it is essential to involve the family in formal interventions. The current scoping review plans to identify the theories, content, and outcomes of family-based interventions for children and young people with gaming disorders. Methods This scoping review will follow the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology. The population, Concept, and Context (PCC) were used to develop the review question. The studies published in the indexed databases will be searched systematically, and the reference list of included full texts will be searched for relevant studies. Intervention studies published in English from January 2010 to December 2022 will be included. Two independent reviewers will screen the studies against eligibility criteria. The data will be extracted and presented in a tabular and narrative style. Discussion This scoping review will help better understand content, outcomes, and theories underpinning family-based interventions for children and young people with gaming disorders. Findings will inform the stakeholders about the current topic and guide the potential research areas. Registration details: The protocol has been registered in Open Science Framework with the DOI: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/TXWBH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshini V S
- Department ofOccupational Therapy, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Mariam Abraham
- Department ofOccupational Therapy, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Samyuktha Prabhu
- Department ofOccupational Therapy, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Jing Shi
- Occupational Therapy Programme, Health and Social Sciences, Singapore Institute of Technology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Deena Dimple Dsouza
- Department ofOccupational Therapy, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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Rega V, Gioia F, Boursier V. Problematic Media Use among Children up to the Age of 10: A Systematic Literature Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:ijerph20105854. [PMID: 37239580 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20105854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Digital screen media use has significantly grown in all age groups and at an increasingly young age, including toddlers, schoolers, and primary school children. Although there is evidence that excessive early childhood media exposure can lead to several negative developmental outcomes, no systematic review on Problematic Media Use (PMU) of children under 10 years old have been provided. The aim of the present systematic review was to identify (i) the main instruments used to measure children's PMU across different studies; (ii) the risk and protective factors which might increase or reduce children's PMU; and (iii) the negative outcomes associated with children's PMU. METHODS This study was conducted following the systematic review guidelines proposed in the PRISMA statement. A total of 35 studies published between 2012-2022 and with a mean sample age between 0 and 10 years old were ultimately included in this literature review. RESULTS Use of media for more than 2 h a day, male gender, and higher age increased the risk of developing PMU among children. PMU led to several negative consequences for children's development and well-being (e.g., more problematic behaviors, sleep problems, higher depressive symptoms, lower emotional intelligence, and lower academic achievements). Children who experienced negative psychological symptoms, a dysfunctional parent-child relationship, and difficulties in school context were more prone to develop PMU. However, an authoritative parenting style and restrictive parental mediation reduced the risk of developing PMU among children. Finally, self-report measures specifically designed to get the younger children's perspective are still few and not so widely used. CONCLUSIONS Overall, this research field is still in its infancy and needs further investigation. Likely, a dysfunctional family system can lead children to experience emotional distress and negative psychological symptoms, which they try to manage by escaping into the virtual world, thus increasing the risk of developing PMU. As the children's PMU is closely affected by the family environment, future prevention interventions should target both children and their parents to improve their self-regulatory and mentalizing capabilities, as well as parental mediation strategies and general parenting practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Rega
- Department of Humanities, University of Naples Federico II, 80100 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Gioia
- Department of Humanities, University of Naples Federico II, 80100 Naples, Italy
| | - Valentina Boursier
- Department of Humanities, University of Naples Federico II, 80100 Naples, Italy
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Huang S, Lai X, Li Y, Wang W, Zhao X, Dai X, Wang H, Wang Y. Does parental media mediation make a difference for adolescents? Evidence from an empirical cohort study of parent-adolescent dyads. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14897. [PMID: 37095946 PMCID: PMC10121788 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Adolescents, who are undergoing brain changes, are vulnerable to many online risks in their use or overuse of digital technology. Parental media mediation (a set of practices parents use to guide children's media use and to reduce potential negative consequences of children from media) is considered an important way to help regulate and reduce adolescents' use or problematic use of digital media and protect them from online risks. However, previous studies have shown controversial results. These controversial results reflect a reproducibility crisis in psychological science due to selective reporting, selective analysis, and inadequate description of the conditions necessary to obtain results. Methods To address this issue and reveal the authentic effect of parental media mediation strategies, this study presented the results of a specification curve analysis of 1176 combinations indicating the longitudinal effect of parental media mediation on adolescent smartphone use or problematic use. A total of 2154 parent-adolescent dyads (adolescents' ages ranged from 9 to 18, the average age was 12.13 ± 2.20, and 817 of the adolescents were male) participated in two waves of measurements. Results The results showed that of the 12 parental media mediations, joint parental use for learning had the greatest effect in reducing future smartphone use or problematic use among adolescents. Overall, none of the parental media mediations had a substantial effect in reducing future smartphone use or problematic use among adolescents. Discussion and conclusions The ineffectiveness of parental media mediation poses a challenge for researchers, the public, and policy-makers. More exploration is needed in the search of effective parental media mediations for adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xiaoxiong Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yajun Li
- Guangming Institute of Education Sciences, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Wenrong Wang
- Zhongmu Education Teaching and Research Office, Zhengzhou 451450, China
| | - Xinmei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xinran Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Huanlei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Corresponding authorState Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, XinJieKouWai St., HaiDian District, Beijing 100875, PR China.
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Nielsen P, Rigter H, Weber N, Favez N, Liddle HA. In-session gaming as a tool in treating adolescent problematic gaming. FAMILY PROCESS 2023; 62:108-123. [PMID: 36562318 DOI: 10.1111/famp.12846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
For some adolescent gamers, playing online games may become problematic, impairing functioning in personal, family, and other life domains. Parental and family factors are known to influence the odds that adolescents may develop problematic gaming (PG), negative parenting and conflictual family dynamics increasing the risk, whereas positive parenting and developmentally supportive family dynamics protecting against PG. This suggests that a treatment for adolescent PG should not only address the gaming behaviors and personal characteristics of the youth, but also the parental and family domains. An established research-supported treatment meeting these requirements is multidimensional family therapy (MDFT), which we adapted for use as adolescent PG treatment. We report here on one adaptation, applying in-session gaming. In-session demonstration of the "problem behavior" is feasible and informative in PG. In the opening stage of therapy, we use in-session gaming to establish an alliance between the therapist and the youth. By inviting them to play games, the therapist demonstrates that they are taken seriously, thus boosting treatment motivation. Later in treatment, gaming is introduced in family sessions, offering useful opportunities to intervene in family members' perspectives and interactional patterns revealed in vivo as the youth plays the game. These sessions can trigger strong emotions and reactions from the parents and youth and give rise to maladaptive transactions between the family members, thus offering ways to facilitate new discussions and experiences of each other. The insights gained from the game demonstration sessions aid the therapeutic process, more so than mere discussion about gaming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Nielsen
- Unité de psychologie clinique des relations interpersonnelles, FPSE, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Henk Rigter
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Nicolas Favez
- Unité de psychologie clinique des relations interpersonnelles, FPSE, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Howard A Liddle
- Departments of Public Health Sciences and Psychology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
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Poulain T, Meigen C, Kiess W, Vogel M. Media regulation strategies in parents of 4- to 16-year-old children and adolescents: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:371. [PMID: 36810002 PMCID: PMC9942333 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15221-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since children can only control and limit their own media use to a limited extent, it is often the parents who regulate their children's media use. However, there is insufficient research on which strategies they use and on how these strategies are related to socio-demographic and behavioral parameters. METHODS The parental media regulation strategies co-use, active mediation, restrictive mediation, monitoring, and technical mediation were assessed in a sample of 563 four- to 16-year-old children and adolescents from middle to high social strata participating in the German cohort study LIFE Child. We investigated cross-sectional associations with socio-demographic characteristics (age and sex of child, age of parent, and socio-economic status (SES)) and other behavioral parameters of children (media use, ownership of media devices, engagement in extracurricular activities) and their parents (media use). RESULTS All media regulation strategies were applied frequently, with restrictive mediation occurring most frequently. Overall, parents of younger children and of boys mediated media use more frequently, while we observed no differences depending on SES. Regarding child behavior, the ownership of a smartphone and a tablet/personal computer/laptop was associated with more frequent technical restriction, while screen time and engagement in extracurricular activities was not associated with parental media regulation. In contrast, parental screen time was related to more frequent co-use and less frequent use of restrictive and technical mediation. CONCLUSION Parental regulation of child media use is influenced by parental attitudes and a perceived need for mediation (e.g., in younger children or children owning internet-enabled devices) rather than child behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Poulain
- LIFE Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig University, Philipp-Rosenthal-Strasse 27, 04103, Leipzig, Germany. .,Department of Women and Child Health, Hospital for Children and Adolescents and Center for Paediatric Research (CPL), Leipzig University, Liebigstrasse 20a, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Christof Meigen
- grid.9647.c0000 0004 7669 9786LIFE Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig University, Philipp-Rosenthal-Strasse 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wieland Kiess
- grid.9647.c0000 0004 7669 9786LIFE Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig University, Philipp-Rosenthal-Strasse 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany ,grid.9647.c0000 0004 7669 9786Department of Women and Child Health, Hospital for Children and Adolescents and Center for Paediatric Research (CPL), Leipzig University, Liebigstrasse 20a, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mandy Vogel
- grid.9647.c0000 0004 7669 9786LIFE Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig University, Philipp-Rosenthal-Strasse 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany ,grid.9647.c0000 0004 7669 9786Department of Women and Child Health, Hospital for Children and Adolescents and Center for Paediatric Research (CPL), Leipzig University, Liebigstrasse 20a, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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Hökby S, Westerlund J, Alvarsson J, Carli V, Hadlaczky G. Longitudinal Effects of Screen Time on Depressive Symptoms among Swedish Adolescents: The Moderating and Mediating Role of Coping Engagement Behavior. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3771. [PMID: 36834466 PMCID: PMC9963273 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Studies suggest that hourly digital screen time increases adolescents' depressive symptoms and emotional regulation difficulties. However, causal mechanisms behind such associations remain unclear. We hypothesized that problem-focused and/or emotion-focused engagement coping moderates and possibly mediates this association over time. Questionnaire data were collected in three waves from a representative sample of Swedish adolescents (0, 3 and 12 months; n = 4793; 51% boys; 99% aged 13-15). Generalized Estimating Equations estimated the main effects and moderation effects, and structural regression estimated the mediation pathways. The results showed that problem-focused coping had a main effect on future depression (b = 0.030; p < 0.001) and moderated the effect of screen time (b = 0.009; p < 0.01). The effect size of this moderation was maximum 3.4 BDI-II scores. The mediation results corroborated the finding that future depression was only indirectly correlated with baseline screen time, conditional upon intermittent problem-coping interference (C'-path: Std. beta = 0.001; p = 0.018). The data did not support direct effects, emotion-focused coping effects, or reversed causality. We conclude that hourly screen time can increase depressive symptoms in adolescent populations through interferences with problem-focused coping and other emotional regulation behaviors. Preventive programs could target coping interferences to improve public health. We discuss psychological models of why screen time may interfere with coping, including displacement effects and echo chamber phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Hökby
- National Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention (NASP), Department of Learning, Informatics, Management and Ethics (LIME), Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
- National Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention (NASP), Centre for Health Economics, Informatics and Health Services Research (CHIS), Stockholm Health Care Services, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joakim Westerlund
- National Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention (NASP), Centre for Health Economics, Informatics and Health Services Research (CHIS), Stockholm Health Care Services, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jesper Alvarsson
- National Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention (NASP), Centre for Health Economics, Informatics and Health Services Research (CHIS), Stockholm Health Care Services, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
- Stockholm Centre for Health and Social Change (SCOHOST), Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Södertörn University, 141 89 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Vladimir Carli
- National Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention (NASP), Department of Learning, Informatics, Management and Ethics (LIME), Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
- National Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention (NASP), Centre for Health Economics, Informatics and Health Services Research (CHIS), Stockholm Health Care Services, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gergö Hadlaczky
- National Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention (NASP), Department of Learning, Informatics, Management and Ethics (LIME), Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
- National Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention (NASP), Centre for Health Economics, Informatics and Health Services Research (CHIS), Stockholm Health Care Services, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
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Qin Y, Musetti A, Omar B. Flow Experience Is a Key Factor in the Likelihood of Adolescents' Problematic TikTok Use: The Moderating Role of Active Parental Mediation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2089. [PMID: 36767464 PMCID: PMC9915640 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
TikTok use and overuse have grown rapidly in recent years among adolescents. However, risk factors for problematic TikTok use are still largely unknown. In addition, drawing on the flow theory and parental mediation theory, this study aims to examine how adolescents' perceptions of enjoyment, concentration, and time distortion affect their problematic TikTok use behavior. Further, we examined the moderating effect of active parental mediation. An online survey in China received responses from a sample of 633 adolescents between the ages of 10 and 19 (males: 51.2%; Mage = 15.00; DS = 0.975). Our findings showed that enjoyment was positively associated with concentration and, in turn, with time distortion. We also found significant positive effects of concentration and time distortion on problematic TikTok use. The effect of enjoyment, however, was non-significant, indicating that hedonic mood was not associated with problematic TikTok use. Out of the three moderated relationships examined in this study, only active parental control was found to be a significant moderator for the relationship between concentration and problematic TikTok use. The significant negative moderation result showed that as active parental mediation grows, the impact of adolescents' concentration on problematic TikTok use is reduced. Future research directions and implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Qin
- School of Communication, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Penang 11800, Malaysia
| | - Alessandro Musetti
- Department of Humanities, Social Sciences and Cultural Industries, University of Parma, 43121 Parma, Italy
| | - Bahiyah Omar
- School of Communication, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Penang 11800, Malaysia
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21
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Li X, Ding Y, Bai X, Liu L. Associations between parental mediation and adolescents' internet addiction: The role of parent-child relationship and adolescents' grades. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1061631. [PMID: 36562069 PMCID: PMC9763579 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1061631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Family factors, such as parental mediation on Internet use and parent-child relationships, have been shown to play a crucial role in preventing adolescents' internet addiction. Previous studies have shown a change in characteristics of online risk during adolescents' development. However, it is still of great interest whether such differences applied in the relationships among parent-child relationships, different types of parental mediation and adolescents' internet addiction level. In this study, we investigated the associations between different types of parental mediators and adolescents' internet addiction level and how the associations were mediated by father-child and mother-child relationships. We further investigated whether mediating effect differs between primary and secondary school children. Methods Based on a sample of 3,026 school children aged 9-14 years (M = 11.56, SD = 0.71; 55.25% primary school adolescents, 44.75% secondary school adolescents), a series of Structural Equation Models were applied to investigate the relationships among internet addiction, parental mediation, and parent-child relationship. In addition, a series of multi-group analysis were applied to detect whether there are differences in these relationships between the primary and secondary school group. Results The internet addiction level and intensity of parental mediation was higher among primary school adolescents than secondary school adolescents. Parental active mediation and monitoring on internet use were associated with reduced and increased adolescents' internet addiction. Father-child relationship had stronger partial mediating effects on the relationships between parental mediation and adolescents' internet addiction than the mother-child relationship. The relationships among parental mediation, parent-child relationship and internet addiction were more pronounced among primary school adolescents than secondary school adolescents. Discussion The findings suggest that good father-child relationships and adequate parental mediation approach, such as active mediation, may contribute to reduction of internet addiction risk in adolescents, especially in primary school adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Li
- Chinese Academy of Disability Data Science, Nanjing Normal University of Special Education, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Ding
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Development and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Institute of Psychology and Behavioral Science and Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianchun Bai
- Chinese Academy of Disability Data Science, Nanjing Normal University of Special Education, Nanjing, China
| | - Lisha Liu
- Center for Teacher Education Research, Beijing Normal University, Key Research Institute of Humanities and Social Sciences in Universities, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, China
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22
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Sun R, Gao Q, Xiang Y. Perceived Parental Monitoring of Smartphones and Problematic Smartphone Use in Adolescents: Mediating Roles of Self-Efficacy and Self-Control. CYBERPSYCHOLOGY, BEHAVIOR AND SOCIAL NETWORKING 2022; 25:784-792. [PMID: 36409521 DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2022.0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Adolescents are vulnerable for problematic smartphone use (PSU), which is associated with adverse psychological and physical health outcomes. Prior studies have debated whether the association between parental monitoring of smartphones and PSU is positive, negative, or nonsignificant. The present study investigated the relationship between parental monitoring of smartphones and PSU and the potential mediation mechanism involving self-efficacy and self-control. Eight hundred ninety-nine middle- and high-school students from a metropolitan city in China completed a questionnaire containing measurements of demographic information, perceived parental monitoring of smartphones, self-control, self-efficacy, and PSU. The results showed that (a) perceived parental monitoring of smartphones was negatively related to adolescent PSU; (b) self-control partially mediated the link between perceived parental monitoring of smartphones and adolescent PSU; and (c) self-efficacy and self-control sequentially mediated the link between parental monitoring of smartphones and PSU. The current study highlights the mediating mechanisms linking perceived parental monitoring of smartphones and adolescent PSU, and this may contribute to the development of family-based prevention and intervention strategies for adolescent PSU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruimei Sun
- Department of Sociology, School of Government, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qiufeng Gao
- Department of Sociology, School of Government, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yanhui Xiang
- Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
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23
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Coşa IM, Dobrean A, Georgescu RD, Păsărelu CR. Parental behaviors associated with internet gaming disorder in children and adolescents: A quantitative meta-analysis. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-04018-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Modecki KL, Goldberg RE, Wisniewski P, Orben A. What Is Digital Parenting? A Systematic Review of Past Measurement and Blueprint for the Future. PERSPECTIVES ON PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2022; 17:1673-1691. [PMID: 35816673 PMCID: PMC9634335 DOI: 10.1177/17456916211072458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Concerns about parenting adolescents are not new, but the rapid diffusion of digital technologies has heightened anxieties over digital parenting. Findings are decidedly mixed regarding the impact of digital technologies on adolescent well-being, and parents are left to navigate their concerns without an empirically based road map. A missing link for understanding the state of the science is a clear characterization of how digital parenting is measured, including an evaluation of which areas demand an outsized share of scientific attention and which have been overlooked. To address this gap, we undertook two interdisciplinary systematic reviews of the digital-parenting literature and characterized measurement across (a) quantitative surveys (n = 145 studies) and (b) qualitative focus groups, interviews, codesign studies, and user studies (n = 49). We describe previously popular areas of survey measurement that are of decreasing relevance to parenting of digital spaces (e.g., co-use, hovering). We likewise highlight areas that have been overlooked, including consideration of positive uses of digital technologies, acknowledgment of bidirectional influence, and attention to heterogeneity among families and to extraparental social ecologies of support and monitoring. We provide recommendations for the future of digital-parenting research and propose a more comprehensive approach to measuring how modern adolescents are parented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn L. Modecki
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland,
School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University,Kathryn L. Modecki, Menzies Health
Institute Queensland, School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University
| | | | | | - Amy Orben
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit,
University of Cambridge
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Adolescents' disease- and fitness-related online health information seeking behaviors: The roles of perceived trust in online health information, eHealth literacy, and parental factors. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2022.107318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Maternal Mediation on Children’s Smartphone Overdependence: A Moderated Moderation Model of Mother-Child Communication and Children’s Gender. ADONGHAKOEJI 2022. [DOI: 10.5723/kjcs.2022.43.3.331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: This study examined the effects of maternal mediation and mother-child communication on children’s smartphone overdependence. It also explored the moderated moderation effect of mother-child communication and children’s gender on the relationship between maternal mediation and children’s smartphone overdependence.Methods: A total of 411 first to third grade elementary school students and their mothers participated in this study. Mothers responded to questionnaires. Data were analyzed using multiple regression analysis with SPSS 21.0 and using model 3 in PROCESS macro version 3.4.Results: First, maternal active mediation only affected girls’ smartphone overdependence, while maternal restrictive mediation affected both boys’ and girls’ smartphone overdependence. That is, the more active mediation mothers showed, the less dependent girls were on smartphones. Moreover, the more restrictive mediation mothers showed, the less dependent both boys and girls were on smartphones. Second, problematic communication influenced both boys’ and girls’ smartphone overdependence; that is, the more problematic communication they had with their mothers, the more they depended on smartphones. Lastly, the effect of maternal active mediation on children’s smartphone overdependence was different depending on open communication and children’s gender. Specifically, its effect on children’s smartphone overdependence was greater when they communicated more openly with their mothers, and this effect was only found in the case of girls.Conclusion: This study confirmed that maternal mediation and mother-child communication are important to effectively prevent or intervene in children’s smartphone overdependence. It also suggests that prevention or intervention should be approached differently depending on children’s gender.
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Charmaraman L, Delcourt CG, Durrani S, Kapoor J, Richer AM, Xiao LF. The role of parents, other adults, peers and informal learning communities in shaping positive social media use in adolesent girls. INFORMATION AND LEARNING SCIENCES 2022; 123:399-420. [PMID: 36606076 PMCID: PMC9812663 DOI: 10.1108/ils-03-2022-0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Purpose This study aims to introduce the concept of communities of social media practice where more experienced users provide guidance to female novice users, enacting a form of legitimate peripheral participation to "onboard" newcomers. Design/methodology/approach Through surveys with 968 early adolescents (average age was 13), the authors quantitatively explored sources and types of guidance for young social media users, popularity of conversation themes related to this guidance and how these conversations are associated with positive social media engagement. The authors qualitatively documented a case study of how a summer workshop of 17 students promotes positive social media use through a community of practice. Findings Although early adolescent girls reported that they more frequently talked to their parents about a wider range of social media topics, same-age peers and younger family members (e.g., siblings, cousins) were also frequent sources. Surprisingly, the authors also found that the source most strongly associated with positive social media use was the peer group. This case study of an intentional community of practice demonstrated how peers go from "peripheral" to "centered" in socializing each other for more positive social media use. Originality/value Unlike most prior scholarship on mediating social technology use, this study focuses on a critical developmental period (e.g. early adolescents), sources of guidance other than exclusively parents, explore the specific conversation topics that offer guidance and document an informal community of practice for girls that provides the training ground for peers and adult facilitators to codesign more positive social media spaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Charmaraman
- Wellesley Centers for Women, Wellesley College, Wellesley, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Sidrah Durrani
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Teachers College of Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jyontika Kapoor
- Wellesley Centers for Women, Wellesley College, Wellesley, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Amanda M Richer
- Wellesley Centers for Women, Wellesley College, Wellesley, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Le Fan Xiao
- Wellesley Centers for Women, Wellesley College, Wellesley, Massachusetts, USA
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Colasante E, Pivetta E, Canale N, Vieno A, Marino C, Lenzi M, Benedetti E, King DL, Molinaro S. Problematic gaming risk among European adolescents: a cross-national evaluation of individual and socio-economic factors. Addiction 2022; 117:2273-2282. [PMID: 35165980 PMCID: PMC9544763 DOI: 10.1111/add.15843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Previous research has identified numerous risk and protective factors of adolescent problematic gaming (PG) at the individual and social levels; however, the influence of socio-economic indicators on PG is less known. This study aimed to measure the contribution of individual and socio-economic factors involved in PG risk among adolescents from 30 European countries. DESIGN Multi-level logistic regression analysis of survey data from the 2019 European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs (ESPAD) cross-sectional study using self-administered anonymous questionnaires. SETTING Thirty European countries. PARTICIPANTS A representative cohort of 15-16-year-old students (n = 88 998 students; males = 49.2%). MEASUREMENTS The primary outcome measure was adolescents' (low and high) risk of PG. Individual key predictors included self-report assessments of socio-demographic characteristics, time spent gaming and family variables (parental regulation and monitoring, family support). Main country-level predictors comprised Gini coefficient for economic inequalities and benefits for families and children (% gross domestic product), retrieved from international public data sets and national thematic reports. The data analysis plan involved multi-level logistic regression. FINDINGS Participants who reported stronger parental regulation [odds ratio (OR) = 0.81, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.79-0.83] and higher family support (OR = 0.93, 95% CI = 0.91-0.95) reported lower risk of PG. At the country-level, economic inequalities (OR = 1.05, 95% CI = 1.03-1.07) were positively associated with the risk of PG, while benefits for families and children (OR = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.70-0.89) were negatively correlated with the risk of PG. CONCLUSIONS Supportive family environments, lower country-level economic inequalities and higher government expenditures on benefits for families and children appear to be associated with a lower risk of problematic gaming among European adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Colasante
- Epidemiology and Health Research LaboratoryInstitute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council of ItalyPisaItaly
| | - Erika Pivetta
- Department of Developmental and Social PsychologyUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly
| | - Natale Canale
- Department of Developmental and Social PsychologyUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly
| | - Alessio Vieno
- Department of Developmental and Social PsychologyUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly
| | - Claudia Marino
- Department of Developmental and Social PsychologyUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly
| | - Michela Lenzi
- Department of Developmental and Social PsychologyUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly
| | - Elisa Benedetti
- Epidemiology and Health Research LaboratoryInstitute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council of ItalyPisaItaly
| | - Daniel L. King
- College of Education, Psychology, and Social WorkFlinders UniversityBedford ParkAustralia
| | - Sabrina Molinaro
- Epidemiology and Health Research LaboratoryInstitute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council of ItalyPisaItaly
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Jin B, Zhang D. Linking parental restrictive mediation to adolescents' science achievement: A social cognitive theory perspective. LEARNING AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lindif.2022.102187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Nannatt A, Tariang NM, Gowda M, Devassy SM. Family Factors Associated with Problematic Use of the Internet in Children: A Scoping Review. Indian J Psychol Med 2022; 44:341-348. [PMID: 35949634 PMCID: PMC9301743 DOI: 10.1177/02537176221090862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Problematic use of the internet (PUI) is a growing concern, particularly in the young population. Family factors influence internet use among children in negative ways. This study examined the existing literature on familial or parental factors related to PUI in children. Methods A scoping review was conducted in EBSCOhost, PubMed, ScienceDirect, JSTOR, Biomed Central, VHL Regional Portal, Cochrane Library, Emerald Insight, and Oxford Academic Journal databases. Studies reporting data on family factors associated with PUI in children, published in English in the 10 years to July 2020 were included. The following data were extracted from each paper by two independent reviewers: methodology and demographic, familial, psychiatric, and behavioral correlates of PUI in children. Results Sixty-nine studies fulfilled the eligibility criteria. Three themes emerged: parenting, parental mental health, and intrafamilial demographic correlates of PUI in children. Parenting styles, parental mediation, and parent-child attachment were the major parenting correlates. Conclusion Literature on significant familial and parental factors associated with PUI in children is scarce. More research is required to identify the interactions of familial and parental factors with PUI in children, to develop informed management strategies to address this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjana Nannatt
- Dept. of Sociology and Social Work, CHRIST
(Deemed to be University), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Ngaitlang Mary Tariang
- Dept. of Sociology and Social Work, CHRIST
(Deemed to be University), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Mahesh Gowda
- Director and Consultant Psychiatrist,
Spandana Health Care, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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Geurts SM, Koning IM, Vossen HGM, van den Eijnden RJJM. Rules, role models or overall climate at home? Relative associations of different family aspects with adolescents' problematic social media use. Compr Psychiatry 2022; 116:152318. [PMID: 35537295 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2022.152318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to enhance knowledge on which aspects of the family context are most relevant in identifying at-risk/problematic social media users among adolescents. Therefore, we examined the relative contribution to adolescents' at-risk/problematic social media use (SMU) of general and Internet-specific family factors related to three different family (sub)systems: parent-child (Internet-specific rule-setting, reactive restrictions towards Internet use, co-use, adolescents' involvement in rule-setting and positive parenting), parent (parental screen time, phubbing, stress, anxiety and depression) and family (family functioning, family intactness and SES) (sub)system. METHODS Questionnaire data came from 403 adolescents (M = 13.51, SD = 2.15) and 396 parents (M = 46.59, SD = 5.29) who participated in wave 1 of the Dutch 'Digital Family project'. RESULTS Logistic regression analyses showed that only factors related to the parent-child subsystem remained significant in predicting being an at-risk/problematic social media user when examining predictors related to the parent-child, parent and family (sub)system simultaneously. Specifically, general and Internet-specific parenting practices contributed to the prediction above and beyond each other. Positive parenting and Internet-specific rule-setting seem protective, while parental reactive restrictions towards Internet use could be a risk factor. Positive parenting showed the largest effect size. CONCLUSION The results suggest that parental behaviors directed towards the child should be a focus of attention in prevention of adolescents' problematic SMU. In addition, our findings highlight the importance of untangling restrictive mediation (impulsive, in the moment, attempts to limit SMU versus communicating clear rules in advance) when examining its effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne M Geurts
- Interdisciplinary Social Science, Youth Studies, Utrecht University, Padualaan 14, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Ina M Koning
- Interdisciplinary Social Science, Youth Studies, Utrecht University, Padualaan 14, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Helen G M Vossen
- Education and Pedagogy, Clinical Child and Family Studies, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 1, 3584 CS Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Regina J J M van den Eijnden
- Interdisciplinary Social Science, Youth Studies, Utrecht University, Padualaan 14, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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The associations of adolescent problematic internet use with parenting: A meta-analysis. Addict Behav 2022; 135:107423. [DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2022.107423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Hidaayah N, Yunitasari E, Kusnanto K, Nihayati HE, Santy WH, Putri RA, Rahman FS. Parenting in the Prevention of Internet Gaming Addiction. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.7980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Game addiction, smartphone addiction, and Internet disorder in children and adolescents have become the subject of parental concern in recent years. Parenting interventions are the most appropriate choice for parents to reduce excessive use of problematic games, and this review has not been carried out by other researchers before. The purpose of this review was to describe the preventive management of parenting in children and adolescents who are at risk for game addiction, smartphone addiction, and Internet disorders. This paper reviews findings, trends, and new developments in the field concerned (n = 5 studies). The current research was conducted based on a literature search with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses, and articles were searched with five databases: ProQuest, Ebscohost, Springer Link, PubMed, and Scopus. Furthermore, the keywords used are MeSH determination based on PICOS framework using keywords of Game Disorder OR Smartphone Addictions OR Internet Disorder, parenting, as well as prevention without a time limit for publishing articles. In conclusion, parenting programs are a preventive method that needs to be understood and developed in order to provide significant results in long-term management of game addiction, smartphone addiction, and Internet disorders.
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Masaeli N, Billieux J. Is Problematic Internet and Smartphone Use Related to Poorer Quality of Life? A Systematic Review of Available Evidence and Assessment Strategies. CURRENT ADDICTION REPORTS 2022; 9:235-250. [PMID: 35729927 PMCID: PMC9187501 DOI: 10.1007/s40429-022-00415-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of Review Previous studies have explored the links between problematic Internet use (PIU) or problematic smartphone use (PSU) and quality of life (QOL). In this systematic review, we (i) describe the instruments used to assess QOL or health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in these studies, (ii) critically examine the content validity of the instruments used, and (iii) examine the relationships between PIU, PSU, QOL, and HRQOL. Recent Findings We identified 17 PIU and 11 PSU studies in a systematic search. Evidence suggests that PIU and PSU negatively correlate with either QOL or HQOL and most of their domains (especially mental and physical health). Multiple instruments were used to assess QOL or HRQOL in these studies. Our analysis showed an important heterogeneity in the domains covered by these instruments. Summary Because of the widespread prevalence of PIU and PSU, which tend to be linked with lower QOL or HRQOL, in particular poor mental and physical health, a more systematic public health campaign is required to target the healthy use of these communication devices. Prevention programs should also target vulnerable individuals, focusing on the most affected domains of QOL and HRQOL (i.e., physical and psychological health). Among the existing instruments, the World Health Organization Quality of Life for adults and the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory for adolescents (aged 13-18 years) proved to be the most relevant, although new measurement instruments are needed to target domains that are specifically relevant in the context of PIU and PSU (e.g., physical and psychological health domains such as sleep, loneliness, and quality of familial relations).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nassim Masaeli
- South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Joël Billieux
- Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Centre for Excessive Gambling, Addiction Medicine, Lausanne University Hospitals (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
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Inconsistent Media Mediation and Problematic Smartphone Use in Preschoolers: Maternal Conflict Resolution Styles as Moderators. CHILDREN 2022; 9:children9060816. [PMID: 35740753 PMCID: PMC9221985 DOI: 10.3390/children9060816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies suggest that inconsistent parenting leads to undesired consequences, such as a child’s defiant reactance or parent–child conflicts. In light of this, we examined whether mothers’ inconsistent smartphone mediation strategies would influence their children’s problematic smartphone use during early childhood. Furthermore, given that harsh parenting often escalates a child’s behavioral problems, we focused on parent–child conflict resolution tactics as moderators. One hundred fifty-four mothers (ages 25–48 years; M = 35.58 years) of preschoolers (ages 42–77 months) reported their media mediation and parent–child conflict resolution tactics and their child’s problematic smartphone use. We found that the positive association between the mother’s inconsistent mediation and their child’s problematic smartphone use was more pronounced when mothers relied on negative parent–child resolution tactics—i.e., psychological aggression and physical assault. Our findings provide vital theoretical and empirical insights into mother–child relational characteristics for the child’s problematic smartphone use.
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Lee S, Yoo SK, Son YD, Kim SM, Han DH. Effect of Parental Perception on the Prevalence of Adolescent Internet Gaming Disorder During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Psychiatry Investig 2022; 19:348-355. [PMID: 35620819 PMCID: PMC9136522 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2021.0260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE During the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, several studies have found that Internet usage and gaming times have increased among adolescents. Parents' Internet literacy and attitudes toward Internet gaming have been reported to affect children's Internet gaming disorder (IGD). We hypothesized that parents' attitudes toward Internet use and gaming would affect the prevalence of IGD among adolescents. METHODS A total of 199 mothers of children who played Internet games were surveyed online to gather information regarding their demographic characteristics, children's Internet use patterns, psychological factors, and Internet gaming literacy. RESULTS Among adolescents, increased Internet usage or gaming time was not associated with IGD, but the presence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) was. Among parents, anxiety, depression, and family togetherness were not related to IGD, but a positive perception of gaming protected against the development of IGD, whereas a negative perception was a risk factor for IGD. CONCLUSION Increased gaming time neither causes nor correlates with IGD in adolescents, even though ADHD may be a risk factor for IGD. Parents' positive or negative perceptions of gaming can be protective or present a risk factor, respectively, for their children's development of IGD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyeon Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo-Koo Yoo
- School of Social Welfare, Soongsil University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Don Son
- Department of Health Sciences & Technology, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Mi Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Doug Hyun Han
- Department of Psychiatry, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Social Media, Parenting, and Well-Being. Curr Opin Psychol 2022; 47:101350. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2022.101350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Pontes HM, Macur M. Problematic internet use profiles and psychosocial risk among adolescents. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257329. [PMID: 34520489 PMCID: PMC8439481 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Although Problematic Internet Use (PIU) is an emerging area of study in psychology, little is known about the unique features of specific subgroups of internet users and their psychosocial vulnerabilities within robust and nationwide populations. Methods The aim of this study was to identify distinct latent groups of internet users based on their PIU risk and to compare their psychosocial outcomes. To achieve this, a nationally representative sample of adolescents of the same grade (N = 1,066, Meanage = 13.46 years, range = 12–16) was recruited from several schools in Slovenia through stratified random sampling. Results A Latent Profile Analysis (LPA) revealed a two-class solution, with Class 1 (n = 853, 80%) featuring ‘low PIU risk’ participants and Class 2 (n = 213, 20%) including ‘high PIU risk’ participants. Behaviorally, the main feature of Class 1 denoted ‘time management difficulties’ while Class 2 was best characterized by ‘mood and time management issues’. Further frequentist and Bayesian analyses indicated that Class 2 presented greater psychosocial risk compared to Class 1 due to significantly higher levels of PIU (generalized and across specific PIU subfactors) coupled with lower levels of subjective well-being and self-control. Conclusions Contrary to what was initially envisaged, the two classes did not differ in terms of perceived quality in parent-child relationship. This study shows that PIU patterns and symptom-severity may be developmentally specific, further highlighting the need for clinically age-adjusted PIU screening practices within epidemiological and healthcare settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halley M. Pontes
- Department of Organizational Psychology, Birkbeck, University of London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Mirna Macur
- Angela Boškin Faculty of Health Care, Jesenice, Slovenia
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Measuring Parental Behavior towards Children's Use of Media and Screen-Devices: The Development and Psychometrical Properties of a Media Parenting Scale for Parents of School-Aged Children. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18179178. [PMID: 34501770 PMCID: PMC8431513 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18179178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Children's excessive screen use is associated with health risks such as obesity, sleep problems, attention problems, and others. The effect of parental regulative efforts focused on screen/media use (media parenting) is currently unclear and difficult to examine given the heterogeneity of measuring tools used for its assessment. We aimed to develop an inventory that would enable reliable and valid measurement of media parenting practices (especially active and restrictive mediation) in parents of primary school children. The inventory builds on existing tools, it is comprehensive, yet easy to use in research setting. The original MEPA-36 (36 items) and revised MEPA-20 (20 items) inventories were examined using data from 341 Czech and Slovak parents of children aged between 6 and 10 years. Psychometrical properties were estimated using confirmatory factor and reliability analyses. Model fit was better for MEPA-20 and similar to other currently available tools. Both active and restrictive mediation subscales demonstrated high internal consistency. The internal consistency of newly constructed risky mediation subscales (risky active, risky restrictive, and over-protective mediation) was low. MEPA-20, especially active and restrictive mediation subscales, can be recommended for research on media parenting in context of screen/media use of school-aged children.
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School-Based Prevention of Screen-Related Risk Behaviors during the Long-Term Distant Schooling Caused by COVID-19 Outbreak. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18168561. [PMID: 34444307 PMCID: PMC8392870 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18168561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 outbreak and related restrictions meant a higher incidence of screen-related risk behaviors in both children and adolescents. Our goal was to assess the perceived importance and extent of school-based preventions related to these risks during the long-term, nation-wide distant schooling period in the Czech Republic. The online survey was responded to by the school-based prevention specialists (N = 1698). For the analysis, within-subject analysis of variance (ANOVA) and binominal logistic regression were used. At-risk internet use and cyber-bullying were perceived as pressing, but other risks, for example, excessive internet use or the use of cyberpornography, received substantially less priority. The differences in all grades were significant and moderate to large (η2G between 0.156 and 0.288). The proportion of schools which conducted prevention interventions of screen-related risks was low (between 0.7% and 27.8%, depending on the grade and the type of the risk). The probability of delivering prevention intervention was in all grades significantly predicted by the presence of screen-related problems in pupils (OR 3.76–4.88) and the perceived importance of the screen-related risks (OR 1.55–1.97). The limited capacity of schools to deliver prevention interventions during distant schooling as well as the low awareness and impaired ability to recognize the importance of some screen-related risks should be addressed.
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Nielsen P, Christensen M, Henderson C, Liddle HA, Croquette-Krokar M, Favez N, Rigter H. Multidimensional family therapy reduces problematic gaming in adolescents: A randomised controlled trial. J Behav Addict 2021; 10:234-243. [PMID: 33905350 PMCID: PMC8996793 DOI: 10.1556/2006.2021.00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Social variables including parental and family factors may serve as risk factors for Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) in adolescents. An IGD treatment programme should address these factors. We assessed two family therapies - multidimensional family therapy (MDFT) and family therapy as usual (FTAU) - on their impact on the prevalence of IGD and IGD symptoms. METHODS Eligible for this randomised controlled trial comparing MDFT (N = 12) with FTAU (N = 30) were adolescents of 12-19 years old meeting at least 5 of the 9 DSM-5 IGD criteria and with at least one parent willing to participate in the study. The youths were recruited from the Centre Phénix-Mail, which offers outpatient adolescent addiction care in Geneva. Assessments occurred at baseline and 6 and 12 months. RESULTS Both family therapies decreased the prevalence of IGD across the one-year period. Both therapies also lowered the number of IGD criteria met, with MDFT outperforming FTAU. There was no effect on the amount of time spent on gaming. At baseline, parents judged their child's gaming problems to be important whereas the adolescents thought these problems were minimal. This discrepancy in judgment diminished across the study period as parents became milder in rating problem severity. MDFT better retained families in treatment than FTAU. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Family therapy, especially MDFT, was effective in treating adolescent IGD. Improvements in family relationships may contribute to the treatment success. Our findings are promising but need to be replicated in larger study. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ISRCTN 11142726.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Nielsen
- Fondation Phénix, Geneva, Switzerland,Unité de psychologie clinique des relations interpersonnelles, FPSE, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland,Corresponding author. E-mail:
| | - Maxwell Christensen
- Department of Psychology and Philosophy, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX, USA
| | - Craig Henderson
- Department of Psychology and Philosophy, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX, USA
| | - Howard A Liddle
- Departments of Public Health Sciences and Psychology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, USA
| | | | - Nicolas Favez
- Unité de psychologie clinique des relations interpersonnelles, FPSE, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Henk Rigter
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands
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Ortega-Barón J, González-Cabrera J, Machimbarrena JM, Montiel I. Safety.Net: A Pilot Study on a Multi-Risk Internet Prevention Program. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:4249. [PMID: 33923779 PMCID: PMC8073658 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18084249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Many programs exist to prevent bullying and cyberbullying. Nevertheless, despite evidence of the numerous overlapping risks of the Internet, programs that jointly and adequately address large sets of risks are not presently described in the scientific literature. This study's main objective was to assess the effectiveness of the Safety.net program in a pilot sample. This program prevents eight Internet risks: cyberbullying, sexting, online grooming, cyber dating abuse, problematic Internet use, nomophobia, Internet gaming disorder, and online gambling disorder. The Safety.net program comprises 16 sessions and 4 modules (digital skills, relational risks, dysfunctional risks, and change of attitudes and cognitions). Each session lasts one hour, but the program has a networked instructional design to recall previous content in later sessions. For its assessment, a pre/post-test repeated measures design with a control group and an intervention group was used. The study sample was 165 adolescents between 11 and 14 years old (M = 12.11, SD = 0.89). The intervention group demonstrated improvements compared to the control group concerning online grooming, problematic Internet use, Internet gaming disorder, and nomophobia. These results suggest that the Safety.net program is effective in preventing the increase of most of the assessed risks and that it reduces some of them with a small number of sessions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Ortega-Barón
- Faculty of Education, Universidad Internacional de la Rioja (UNIR), Avenida de la Paz, 137, 26006 Logroño, Spain; (J.O.-B.); (I.M.)
| | - Joaquín González-Cabrera
- Faculty of Education, Universidad Internacional de la Rioja (UNIR), Avenida de la Paz, 137, 26006 Logroño, Spain; (J.O.-B.); (I.M.)
| | - Juan M. Machimbarrena
- Faculty of Psychology, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Avenida de Tolosa, 70, 20018 Donostia, Spain;
| | - Irene Montiel
- Faculty of Education, Universidad Internacional de la Rioja (UNIR), Avenida de la Paz, 137, 26006 Logroño, Spain; (J.O.-B.); (I.M.)
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Giordano C, Lo Coco G, Salerno L, Di Blasi M. The role of emotion dysregulation in adolescents’ problematic smartphone use: A study on adolescent/parents triads. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2020.106632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Domoff SE, Borgen AL, Radesky JS. Interactional theory of childhood problematic media use. HUMAN BEHAVIOR AND EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES 2020; 2:343-353. [DOI: 10.1002/hbe2.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E. Domoff
- Department of Psychology Central Michigan University Mount Pleasant Michigan USA
| | - Aubrey L. Borgen
- Department of Psychology Central Michigan University Mount Pleasant Michigan USA
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Nielsen P, Favez N, Rigter H. Parental and Family Factors Associated with Problematic Gaming and Problematic Internet Use in Adolescents: a Systematic Literature Review. CURRENT ADDICTION REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40429-020-00320-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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