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Zhou Y, Qiu T, Wang T, Yu B, Xia K, Guo J, Liu Y, Ma X, Zhang L, Zou J, Chen Z, Zhou J. Research progress on the role of mitochondria in the process of hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury. Gastroenterol Rep (Oxf) 2024; 12:goae066. [PMID: 38912038 PMCID: PMC11193119 DOI: 10.1093/gastro/goae066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
During liver ischemia-reperfusion injury, existing mechanisms involved oxidative stress, calcium overload, and the activation of inflammatory responses involve mitochondrial injury. Mitochondrial autophagy, a process that maintains the normal physiological activity of mitochondria, promotes cellular metabolism, improves cellular function, and facilitates organelle renewal. Mitochondrial autophagy is involved in oxidative stress and apoptosis, of which the PINK1-Parkin pathway is a major regulatory pathway, and the deletion of PINK1 and Parkin increases mitochondrial damage, reactive oxygen species production, and inflammatory response, playing an important role in mitochondrial quality regulation. In addition, proper mitochondrial permeability translational cycle regulation can help maintain mitochondrial stability and mitigate hepatocyte death during ischemia-reperfusion injury. This mechanism is also closely related to oxidative stress, calcium overload, and the aforementioned autophagy pathway, all of which leads to the augmentation of the mitochondrial membrane permeability transition pore opening and cause apoptosis. Moreover, the release of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) due to oxidative stress further aggravates mitochondrial function impairment. Mitochondrial fission and fusion are non-negligible processes required to maintain the dynamic renewal of mitochondria and are essential to the dynamic stability of these organelles. The Bcl-2 protein family also plays an important regulatory role in the mitochondrial apoptosis signaling pathway. A series of complex mechanisms work together to cause hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (HIRI). This article reviews the role of mitochondria in HIRI, hoping to provide new therapeutic clues for alleviating HIRI in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Zhou
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Tao Qiu
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Tianyu Wang
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Bo Yu
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Kang Xia
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Jiayu Guo
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Yiting Liu
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxiong Ma
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Long Zhang
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Jilin Zou
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Zhongbao Chen
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Jiangqiao Zhou
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
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Rabelo ACS, Andrade AKDL, Costa DC. The Role of Oxidative Stress in Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Preclinical Studies. Nutrients 2024; 16:1174. [PMID: 38674865 PMCID: PMC11055095 DOI: 10.3390/nu16081174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (AFLD) is characterized by the accumulation of lipids in liver cells owing to the metabolism of ethanol. This process leads to a decrease in the NAD+/NADH ratio and the generation of reactive oxygen species. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to investigate the role of oxidative stress in AFLD. A total of 201 eligible manuscripts were included, which revealed that animals with AFLD exhibited elevated expression of CYP2E1, decreased enzymatic activity of antioxidant enzymes, and reduced levels of the transcription factor Nrf2, which plays a pivotal role in the synthesis of antioxidant enzymes. Furthermore, animals with AFLD exhibited increased levels of lipid peroxidation markers and carbonylated proteins, collectively contributing to a weakened antioxidant defense and increased oxidative damage. The liver damage in AFLD was supported by significantly higher activity of alanine and aspartate aminotransferase enzymes. Moreover, animals with AFLD had increased levels of triacylglycerol in the serum and liver, likely due to reduced fatty acid metabolism caused by decreased PPAR-α expression, which is responsible for fatty acid oxidation, and increased expression of SREBP-1c, which is involved in fatty acid synthesis. With regard to inflammation, animals with AFLD exhibited elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-a, IL-1β, and IL-6. The heightened oxidative stress, along with inflammation, led to an upregulation of cell death markers, such as caspase-3, and an increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. Overall, the findings of the review and meta-analysis indicate that ethanol metabolism reduces important markers of antioxidant defense while increasing inflammatory and apoptotic markers, thereby contributing to the development of AFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Silveira Rabelo
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto 35402-163, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas 37130-001, Brazil
| | | | - Daniela Caldeira Costa
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto 35402-163, Brazil
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Adepoju FO, Sokolova KV, Gette IF, Danilova IG, Tsurkan MV, Mondragon AC, Kovaleva EG, Miranda JM. Protective Effect of Betulin on Streptozotocin-Nicotinamide-Induced Diabetes in Female Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2166. [PMID: 38396842 PMCID: PMC10888537 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is characterized by hyperglycemia and a relative loss of β-cell function. Our research investigated the antidiabetic potential of betulin, a pentacyclic triterpenoid found primarily in birch bark and, intriguingly, in a few marine organisms. Betulin has been shown to possess diverse biological activities, including antioxidant and antidiabetic activities; however, no studies have fully explored the effects of betulin on the pancreas and pancreatic islets. In this study, we investigated the effect of betulin on streptozotocin-nicotinamide (STZ)-induced diabetes in female Wistar rats. Betulin was prepared as an emulsion, and intragastric treatments were administered at doses of 20 and 50 mg/kg for 28 days. The effect of treatment was assessed by analyzing glucose parameters such as fasting blood glucose, hemoglobin A1C, and glucose tolerance; hepatic and renal biomarkers; lipid peroxidation; antioxidant enzymes; immunohistochemical analysis; and hematological indices. Administration of betulin improved the glycemic response and decreased α-amylase activity in diabetic rats, although insulin levels and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) scores remained unchanged. Furthermore, betulin lowered the levels of hepatic biomarkers (aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alpha-amylase activities) and renal biomarkers (urea and creatine), in addition to improving glutathione levels and preventing the elevation of lipid peroxidation in diabetic animals. We also found that betulin promoted the regeneration of β-cells in a dose-dependent manner but did not have toxic effects on the pancreas. In conclusion, betulin at a dose of 50 mg/kg exerts a pronounced protective effect against cytolysis, diabetic nephropathy, and damage to the acinar pancreas and may be a potential treatment option for diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feyisayo O. Adepoju
- Department of Technology for Organic Synthesis, Institute of Chemical Technology, Ural Federal University, Mira 19, 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia; (F.O.A.); (K.V.S.); (I.F.G.); (I.G.D.)
| | - Ksenia V. Sokolova
- Department of Technology for Organic Synthesis, Institute of Chemical Technology, Ural Federal University, Mira 19, 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia; (F.O.A.); (K.V.S.); (I.F.G.); (I.G.D.)
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 620049 Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Irina F. Gette
- Department of Technology for Organic Synthesis, Institute of Chemical Technology, Ural Federal University, Mira 19, 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia; (F.O.A.); (K.V.S.); (I.F.G.); (I.G.D.)
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 620049 Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Irina G. Danilova
- Department of Technology for Organic Synthesis, Institute of Chemical Technology, Ural Federal University, Mira 19, 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia; (F.O.A.); (K.V.S.); (I.F.G.); (I.G.D.)
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 620049 Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | | | - Alicia C. Mondragon
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Campus Terra, Universidade da Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain;
| | - Elena G. Kovaleva
- Department of Technology for Organic Synthesis, Institute of Chemical Technology, Ural Federal University, Mira 19, 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia; (F.O.A.); (K.V.S.); (I.F.G.); (I.G.D.)
| | - Jose Manuel Miranda
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Campus Terra, Universidade da Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain;
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Andze L, Vitolina S, Berzins R, Rizikovs J, Godina D, Teresko A, Grinberga S, Sevostjanovs E, Cirule H, Liepinsh E, Paze A. Innovative Approach to Enhance Bioavailability of Birch Bark Extracts: Novel Method of Oleogel Development Contrasted with Other Dispersed Systems. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:145. [PMID: 38202453 PMCID: PMC10780823 DOI: 10.3390/plants13010145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Birch outer bark extract (BBE), containing pentacyclic triterpenes such as betulin, lupeol, and betulinic acid, is a widely recognized natural product renowned for its diverse pharmacological effects. However, its limited water solubility restricts its bioavailability. Therefore, the main objective is to enhance the bioavailability of BBE for pharmaceutical use. In this study, we aimed to develop a dispersion system utilizing a unique oleogel-producing method through the recrystallization of BBE from an ethanol solution in the oil phase. We generated an oleogel that demonstrates a notable 42-80-fold improvement in betulin and lupeol peroral bioavailability from BBE in Wistar rats, respectively. A physical paste-like BBE hydrogel developed with antisolvent precipitation showed a 16-56-fold increase in the bioavailability of betulin and lupeol from BBE in rat blood plasma, respectively. We also observed that the repeated administration of the BBE oleogel did not exhibit any toxicity at the tested dose (38.5 mg/kg betulin, 5.2 mg/kg lupeol, 1.5 mg/kg betulinic acid daily for 7 days). Betulin and betulinic acid were not detected in rat heart, liver, kidney, or brain tissues after the peroral administration of the oleogel daily for 7 days. Lupeol was found in rat heart, liver, and kidney tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Andze
- Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, 27 Dzerbenes Street, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (S.V.); (R.B.); (J.R.); (D.G.); (A.P.)
- ZS DOKTUS, 22 Pavila Street, LV-4101 Cesis, Latvia;
| | - Sanita Vitolina
- Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, 27 Dzerbenes Street, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (S.V.); (R.B.); (J.R.); (D.G.); (A.P.)
| | - Rudolfs Berzins
- Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, 27 Dzerbenes Street, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (S.V.); (R.B.); (J.R.); (D.G.); (A.P.)
| | - Janis Rizikovs
- Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, 27 Dzerbenes Street, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (S.V.); (R.B.); (J.R.); (D.G.); (A.P.)
| | - Daniela Godina
- Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, 27 Dzerbenes Street, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (S.V.); (R.B.); (J.R.); (D.G.); (A.P.)
| | | | - Solveiga Grinberga
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles Street 21, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (S.G.); (E.S.); (H.C.); (E.L.)
| | - Eduards Sevostjanovs
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles Street 21, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (S.G.); (E.S.); (H.C.); (E.L.)
| | - Helena Cirule
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles Street 21, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (S.G.); (E.S.); (H.C.); (E.L.)
| | - Edgars Liepinsh
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles Street 21, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (S.G.); (E.S.); (H.C.); (E.L.)
| | - Aigars Paze
- Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, 27 Dzerbenes Street, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (S.V.); (R.B.); (J.R.); (D.G.); (A.P.)
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Danaei N, Sadeghi H, Asfarm A, Rostamzadeh D, Panahi kokhdan E, Sadeghi H, Rahimi N. Betulin-rich hydroalcoholic extract of Daphne oleoides attenuates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rat. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19236. [PMID: 37664747 PMCID: PMC10469556 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and objective Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a chronic and progressive respiratory disease representing the final stage of lung inflammatory disorders. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), an essential factor in the formation and progression of pulmonary fibrosis, are a significant adverse effect of Bleomycin (BLM). Antioxidant activities have been found in Daphne oleoides. In this study, we attempted to explore the function of hydroalcoholic extract of Daphne oleoides (D. oleoides) and Betulin in inhibiting bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rat". Materials and methods The current experimental study used 36 male Wistar rats (180-220). Following a random process, the animals were divided into six groups six (n = 6). Group, I (the control group) received normal saline, while Group II (the hazardous group) received intratracheal BLM (7.5 units per kg). Following the administration of BLM, Groups V and VI received daily doses of vitamin E (500 mg/kg/d, p.o.) and Betulin (10 mg kg/d, p.o.), whereas Groups III and IV received daily doses of Daphne oleoides extract (300 and 600 mg/kg/d, p.o.). Then, blood samples from the hearts of the animals were taken to assess the plasma concentrations of nitric oxide (NO) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Finally, the rats were euthanized, and the lung tissues were taken out for histological analysis and assessments of the levels of lung hydroxyproline (HP), ferric-reducing ability (FRAP), NO, Glutathione Concentration (GSH), thiol content (tSH) and MDA. Findings Elevated lung index, lung hydroxyproline, NO, and MDA plasma levels, and a reduction in total body thiol content (tSH) in the group receiving BLM were evidence of pulmonary toxicity. Treatment with D. oleoides extracts, Betulin, and Vit E, especially at 600 mg/kg, led to a marked reduction in the above parameters compared with the BLM-received group (p < 0.01). Histological Analysis of the BLM-treated group showed a considerable Lung injury with interstitial infiltration, collapsed alveolar spaces, and alveolar septal thickening. These changes were mitigated with D. oleoides 600, Betulin-, and vitamin E. These changes were mitigated with D. oleoides 600, Betulin-, and vitamin E. Conclusion These findings suggest that D. oleoides and Betulin prevent bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis in rats by decreasing inflammatory and antioxidant markers. Daphne oleoides, therefore, have the potential to be used therapeutically to treat pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazanin Danaei
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Heibatollah Sadeghi
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Arash Asfarm
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Davoud Rostamzadeh
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | | | - Hossein Sadeghi
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Negin Rahimi
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Adepoju FO, Duru KC, Li E, Kovaleva EG, Tsurkan MV. Pharmacological Potential of Betulin as a Multitarget Compound. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1105. [PMID: 37509141 PMCID: PMC10377123 DOI: 10.3390/biom13071105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Betulin is a natural triterpene, usually from birch bark, known for its potential wound-healing properties. Despite having a wide range of pharmacological targets, no studies have proposed betulin as a multitarget compound. Betulin has protective effects against cardiovascular and liver diseases, cancer, diabetes, oxidative stress, and inflammation. It reduces postprandial hyperglycemia by inhibiting α-amylase and α-glucosidase activity, combats tumor cells by inducing apoptosis and inhibiting metastatic proteins, and modulates chronic inflammation by blocking the expression of proinflammatory cytokines via modulation of the NFκB and MAPKs pathways. Given its potential to influence diverse biological networks with high target specificity, it can be hypothesized that betulin may eventually become a new lead for drug development because it can modify a variety of pharmacological targets. The summarized research revealed that the diverse beneficial effects of betulin in various diseases can be attributed, at least in part, to its multitarget anti-inflammatory activity. This review focuses on the natural sources, pharmacokinetics, pharmacological activity of betulin, and the multi-target effects of betulin on signaling pathways such as MAPK, NF-κB, and Nrf2, which are important regulators of the response to oxidative stress and inflammation in the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feyisayo O Adepoju
- Department of Technology for Organic Synthesis, Chemical Technology Institute, Ural Federal University, Mira 19, 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Kingsley C Duru
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8021, USA
| | - Erguang Li
- Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Elena G Kovaleva
- Department of Technology for Organic Synthesis, Chemical Technology Institute, Ural Federal University, Mira 19, 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia
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Shang F, Wang SC, Gongol B, Han SY, Cho Y, Schiavon CR, Chen L, Xing Y, Zhao Y, Ning M, Guo X, He F, Lei Y, Wang L, Manor U, Marin T, Chou KT, He M, Huang PH, Shyy JYJ, Malhotra A. Obstructive Sleep Apnea-induced Endothelial Dysfunction Is Mediated by miR-210. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2023; 207:323-335. [PMID: 36191258 PMCID: PMC9896631 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202202-0394oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)-induced endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction contributes to OSA-related cardiovascular sequelae. The mechanistic basis of endothelial impairment by OSA is unclear. Objectives: The goals of this study were to identify the mechanism of OSA-induced EC dysfunction and explore the potential therapies for OSA-accelerated cardiovascular disease. Methods: The experimental methods include data mining, bioinformatics, EC functional analyses, OSA mouse models, and assessment of OSA human subjects. Measurements and Main Results: Using mined microRNA sequencing data, we found that microRNA 210 (miR-210) conferred the greatest induction by intermittent hypoxia in ECs. Consistently, the serum concentration of miR-210 was higher in individuals with OSA from two independent cohorts. Importantly, miR-210 concentration was positively correlated with the apnea-hypopnea index. RNA sequencing data collected from ECs transfected with miR-210 or treated with OSA serum showed a set of genes commonly altered by miR-210 and OSA serum, which are largely involved in mitochondrion-related pathways. ECs transfected with miR-210 or treated with OSA serum showed reduced [Formula: see text]o2 rate, mitochondrial membrane potential, and DNA abundance. Mechanistically, intermittent hypoxia-induced SREBP2 (sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2) bound to the promoter region of miR-210, which in turn inhibited the iron-sulfur cluster assembly enzyme and led to mitochondrial dysfunction. Moreover, the SREBP2 inhibitor betulin alleviated intermittent hypoxia-increased systolic blood pressure in the OSA mouse model. Conclusions: These results identify an axis involving SREBP2, miR-210, and mitochondrial dysfunction, representing a new mechanistic link between OSA and EC dysfunction that may have important implications for treating and preventing OSA-related cardiovascular sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenqing Shang
- Translational Medicine Centre, Xi’an Chest Hospital, and
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | | | | | | | | | - Cara R. Schiavon
- Waitt Advanced Biophotonics Center, Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California
| | - Lili Chen
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Yuanming Xing
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Yingshuai Zhao
- Department of General Medicine, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ming’an Ning
- Department of Cardiology, Xi’an No. 1 Hospital, Xi’an, China; and
| | - Xuan Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Xi’an No. 1 Hospital, Xi’an, China; and
| | - Fangzhou He
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Yuyang Lei
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Liuyi Wang
- Department of General Medicine, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Uri Manor
- Waitt Advanced Biophotonics Center, Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California
| | - Traci Marin
- Division of Cardiology and
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, Victor Valley College, Victorville, California
| | - Kun-Ta Chou
- Center of Sleep Medicine, and
- School of Medicine and
| | | | - Po-Hsun Huang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Atul Malhotra
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
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Cho YA, Ko IG, Jin JJ, Hwang L, Kim SH, Jeon JW, Yang MJ, Kim CJ. Polydeoxyribonucleotide ameliorates alcoholic liver injury though suppressing phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signaling pathway in mice. J Exerc Rehabil 2022; 18:350-355. [PMID: 36684531 PMCID: PMC9816614 DOI: 10.12965/jer.2244504.252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN), which is adenosine A2A receptor agonist, facilitates healing and inhibits inflammation and apoptosis. The effect of PDRN on alcoholic liver injury (ALI) was evaluated focusing on the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathway. The mice were given daily oral administration of 50% ethanol at a dose of 4 g/kg during 8 weeks. After 4 weeks of alcohol intake, 200 μL of normal saline containing 8-mg/kg PDRN was intraperitoneally administered 3 times a week for 4 weeks. To determine whether the action of PDRN occurs through the adenosine A2A receptor, 8-mg/kg 3,7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine (DMPX) with PDRN was treated. The concentration of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was detected. For liver histopathological score, hematoxylin and eosin staining was conducted. Enzyme-linked immunoassay was used to measure cyclic adenosine-3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) concentration. PI3K and Akt expression was determined using Western blot analysis. In the results, PDRN treatment suppressed AST and ALT level in serum and liver tissue, and improved damaged liver tissue and decreased histological score. PDRN application inhibited the expression of phosphorylated PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. The increasing effect of PDRN on cAMP level ats as a mechanism for ALI treatment. Co-treatment of DMPX with PDRN did not reduce apoptosis, causing no improvement in liver function. As a result of this experiment, PDRN has the potential to be selected as a therapeutic agent for ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-A Cho
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Il-Gyu Ko
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Jun-Jang Jin
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Lakkyong Hwang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Sang-Hoon Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul,
Korea,Department of Sport and Health Sciences, College of Art and Culture, Sangmyung University, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Jung Won Jeon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Myoung Joo Yang
- Department of Sports Science, Hongik University, Sejong,
Korea
| | - Chang-Ju Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul,
Korea,Corresponding author: Chang-Ju Kim, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea,
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Kang S, Bo Y, Yang D, Wu G, Yang X, Wei J, Zhao G, An M, Zhao L. Tandem mass tag-based proteomics analysis reveals the effects of Guri Gumu-13 pill on drug-induced liver injury. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2022; 1206:123353. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2022.123353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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10
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Anthocyanin-Rich Extract of Red Cabbage Attenuates Advanced Alcohol Hepatotoxicity in Rats in Association with Mitochondrial Activity Modulation. EUROPEAN PHARMACEUTICAL JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/afpuc-2022-0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Aim
The liver is the main target for alcohol-induced injury. The aims of this work were to carry out further research into the mechanisms of liver damage induced by long-term administration of high-dose ethanol to rats and to evaluate the hepatoprotective potential of red cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata f. rubra) anthocyanins (RCE).
Material/Methods
Male albino Wistar rats were divided into four groups. Group 1 was the control. Groups 2 through 4 received ethanol (4 g/kg body weight, 8 weeks). Group 3 received 11 mg RCE/kg and Group 4 received 22 mg RCE/kg. Dry lyophilised RCE was prepared from fresh red cabbage and analysed. We then evaluated the liver histology, mitochondrial respiration, and biochemical and immunological parameters in these groups of rats.
Results
The rat intoxication caused steatohepatitis characterised by macro- and microvesicular steatosis, ballooning and fatty liver dystrophies, lymphocytic infiltration, neutral lipid accumulation, and elevations of the serum activities of the liver injury marker enzymes. The treatment of alcohol-administered rats with RCE (mainly, cyanidin-3-diglucoside-5-glucoside, cyanidin-3-coumaroylrutinoside-5-hexoside, cyanidin-3-feruloylrutinoside-5-hexoside, delphinidin-3-feruloylrutinoside-hexoside) dose-dependently alleviated these pathological changes: The sizes of hepatocyte lipid vacuoles and the inflammatory signs were decreased, and the levels of the rat serum biochemical markers of liver injury, proinflammatory cytokines TNFα and IL-6, and the adipokine leptin (and not TGFβ) were significantly reversed. The RCE administration during intoxication completely recovered the changed liver mitochondria respiration rates and the ADP/O coefficient, as well as the phagocytic index and neutrophil metabolic activity in the blood. In experiments in vitro, RCE (13.6 μg/ml) modulated the respiratory parameters of isolated rat liver mitochondria, dissipated mitochondrial membrane potential, and inhibited the Ca2+-induced mitochondrial permeability transition.
Conclusion
The red cabbage anthocyanins could be useful for treatment of alcoholic liver injury due to their Ca2+-ionophoric/protonophoric activity, influence on Ca2+ homeostasis, and improving mitochondrial functions and inflammatory status.
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11
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Zhang S, Rao S, Yang M, Ma C, Hong F, Yang S. Role of Mitochondrial Pathways in Cell Apoptosis during He-Patic Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042357. [PMID: 35216473 PMCID: PMC8877300 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury is a major cause of post-operative hepatic dysfunction and liver failure after transplantation. Mitochondrial pathways can be either beneficial or detrimental to hepatic cell apoptosis during hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury, depending on multiple factors. Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury may be induced by opened mitochondrial permeability transition pore, released apoptosis-related proteins, up-regulated B-cell lymphoma-2 gene family proteins, unbalanced mitochondrial dynamics, and endoplasmic reticulum stress, which are integral parts of mitochondrial pathways. In this review, we discuss the role of mitochondrial pathways in apoptosis that account for the most deleterious effect of hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Zhang
- Experimental Center of Pathogen Biology, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; (S.Z.); (S.R.); (C.M.)
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Sijing Rao
- Experimental Center of Pathogen Biology, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; (S.Z.); (S.R.); (C.M.)
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Meiwen Yang
- Department of Surgery, Fuzhou Medical College, Nanchang University, Fuzhou 344099, China;
| | - Chen Ma
- Experimental Center of Pathogen Biology, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; (S.Z.); (S.R.); (C.M.)
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Fengfang Hong
- Experimental Center of Pathogen Biology, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; (S.Z.); (S.R.); (C.M.)
- Correspondence: (F.H.); or (S.Y.)
| | - Shulong Yang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
- Department of Physiology, Fuzhou Medical College, Nanchang University, Fuzhou 344099, China
- Correspondence: (F.H.); or (S.Y.)
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12
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Wang X, Zhu M, Loor JJ, Jiang Q, Zhu Y, Li W, Du X, Song Y, Gao W, Lei L, Wang J, Liu G, Li X. Propionate alleviates fatty acid-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and apoptosis by upregulating PPARG coactivator 1 alpha in hepatocytes. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:4581-4592. [PMID: 35181129 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-21198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Reduced feed intake during the transition period renders cows unable to meet their energy needs for maintenance and lactation, leading to a state of negative energy balance. Severe negative energy balance initiates fat mobilization and increases circulating levels of free fatty acids (FFA), which could induce hepatic mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. Enhancing the hepatic supply of propionate (major gluconeogenic substrate) is a feasible preventive and therapeutic strategy to alleviate hepatic metabolic disorders during the transition period. Whether propionate supply affects pathways beyond gluconeogenesis during high FFA loads is not well known. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate whether propionate supply could protect calf hepatocytes from FFA-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. Hepatocytes were isolated from 5 healthy calves (1 d old, female, 30-40 kg, fasting) and treated with various concentrations of propionate (0, 1, 2, and 4 mM propionate for 12 h) or for different times (2 mM propionate for 0, 3, 6, 12 and 24 h). Furthermore, hepatocytes were treated with propionate (2 mM), fatty acids (1.2 mM), or both for 12 h with or without 50 nM PGC-1α (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1 alpha) small interfering RNA. Compared with the control group, protein abundance of PGC-1α was greater with 2 and 4 mM propionate treatment groups. Furthermore, protein abundance of TFAM (mitochondrial function marker mitochondrial transcription factor A) and VDAC1 (voltage-dependent anion channel 1) was greater with 1, 2, and 4 mM propionate, and COX4 (cyclooxygenase 4) was greater with 2 and 4 mM propionate groups. In addition, propionate supply led to an increase in protein abundance of PGC-1α, TFAM, VDAC1, and COX4 over time. Flow cytometry revealed that propionate treatment increased the number of mitochondria in hepatocytes compared with control group, but inhibition of PGC-1α abolished these beneficial effects. The lower protein abundance of PGC-1α, TFAM, COX4, and VDAC1 and activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, along with greater production of reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde, and apoptosis rate in response to treatment with high concentrations of FFA suggested an impairment of mitochondrial function and induction of oxidative stress and apoptosis. In contrast, propionate treatment hastened these negative effects. Knockdown of PGC-1α by small interfering RNA impeded the beneficial role of propionate on FFA-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. Overall, results demonstrated that propionate supply alleviates mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in FFA-treated calf hepatocytes by upregulating PGC-1α. Together, the data suggest that PGC-1α may be a promising target for preventing or improving hepatic function during periods such as the transition into lactation where the FFA load on the liver increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinghui Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Mengyao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Juan J Loor
- Mammalian NutriPhysioGenomics, Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801
| | - Qianming Jiang
- Mammalian NutriPhysioGenomics, Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801
| | - Yiwei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Xiliang Du
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Yuxiang Song
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Wenwen Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Lin Lei
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Jianguo Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Guowen Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Xinwei Li
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, Jilin, China.
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13
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Chlorogenic Acid Protects against Advanced Alcoholic Steatohepatitis in Rats via Modulation of Redox Homeostasis, Inflammation, and Lipogenesis. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13114155. [PMID: 34836410 PMCID: PMC8617701 DOI: 10.3390/nu13114155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effects of chlorogenic acid (CGA) in rats with advanced alcoholic steatohepatitis. The rats were fed on a high-fat diet and gavaged with ethanol (4 g/kg) for 8 weeks. The livers of ethanol-treated rats showed steatosis; necrosis and mononuclear infiltration; and significant upregulation of the mRNA expression of the prooxidant (Cyp2e1, iNos), lipogenic (Srebp1, Acc), proinflammatory (Tlr4, Nf-κb, TnfA, Il-1B, and Il-6), and profibrogenic (TgfB, Col1, VegfA) genes. Simultaneously, a downregulation of level of Sod and Nrf2 was observed, which was accompanied by increased serum transaminase, TnfA, and serum and liver triglycerides levels. CGA administration (40 and 80 mg/kg, 8 weeks) to ethanol-fed group reduced the liver expression levels of Cyp2e1 and iNos, whereas it markedly enhanced the expression of Sod, Nrf2, and Ho-1. CGA at both doses downregulated the expressions of lipogenic, proinflammatory, and profibrogenic genes, while the expression of Tlr4 was lowered only after the higher dose of CGA. The higher dose of CGA efficiently prevented the progression of alcohol-induced steatosis and reduced inflammation through regulation of the expression of genes encoding the proteins involved in the Tlr4/Nf-κB signaling pathway and fibrosis. The study revealed hepatoprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of CGA through the regulation of expression of genes encoding Cyp2e1/Nrf2 involved in oxidative stress modulation. These results demonstrate CGA as a therapeutic candidate for the prevention and treatment of alcoholic steatohepatitis.
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14
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Design and Synthesis of Novel Betulin Derivatives Containing Thio-/Semicarbazone Moieties as Apoptotic Inducers through Mitochindria-Related Pathways. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216356. [PMID: 34770765 PMCID: PMC8587101 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Two new series of betulin derivatives with semicarbazone (7a-g) or thiosemicarbazone (8a-g) groups at the C-28 position were synthesized. All compounds were evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxicities in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2), human breast carcinoma cells (MCF-7), human lung carcinoma cells (A549), human colorectal cells (HCT-116) and normal human gastric epithelial cells (GES-1). Among these compounds, 8f displayed the most potent cytotoxicity with an IC50 value of 5.86 ± 0.61 μM against MCF-7 cells. Furthermore, the preliminary mechanism studies in MCF-7 cells showed that compound 8f could trigger the intracellular mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis pathway by losing MMP level, which was related with the upregulation of Bax, P53 and cytochrome c expression; the downregulation of Bcl-2 expression; activation of the expression levels of caspase-3, caspase-9, cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-9; and an increase in the amounts of intracellular reactive oxygen species. These results indicated that compound 8f may be used as a valuable skeleton structure for developing novel antitumor agents.
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15
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Wu J, Wang J, Han Y, Lin Y, Wang J, Bu M. Synthesis and Cytotoxic Activity of Novel Betulin Derivatives Containing Hydrazide-Hydrazone Moieties. Nat Prod Commun 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x211055345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of novel betulin derivatives containing hydrazide-hydrazone moieties were synthesized. All compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxicity against four human carcinoma cell lines (HepG2, A549, MCF-7 and HCT-116) and a normal human gastric epithelial cell line (GES-1). Among them, compound 6i was the most potent against HepG2 and MCF-7 cell lines, with IC50 values of 9.27 and 8.87 μM, respectively. The results suggest that the incorporation of a hydrazide-hydrazone side chain at the C-28 position of betulin is beneficial for compounds to display significant cytotoxicity. Compound 6i may be used as a promising skeleton for antitumor agents with improved efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiale Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Jiafeng Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Yinglong Han
- College of Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Yu Lin
- College of Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Ming Bu
- College of Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
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16
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Gonzalez G, Hodoň J, Kazakova A, D'Acunto CW, Kaňovský P, Urban M, Strnad M. Novel pentacyclic triterpenes exhibiting strong neuroprotective activity in SH-SY5Y cells in salsolinol- and glutamate-induced neurodegeneration models. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 213:113168. [PMID: 33508480 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Novel triterpene derivatives were prepared and evaluated in salsolinol (SAL)- and glutamate (Glu)-induced models of neurodegeneration in neuron-like SH-SY5Y cells. Among the tested compounds, betulin triazole 4 bearing a tetraacetyl-β-d-glucose substituent showed a highly potent neuroprotective effect. Further studies revealed that removal of tetraacetyl-β-d-glucose part (free triazole derivative 10) resulted in strong neuroprotection in the SAL model at 1 μM, but this derivative suffered from cytotoxicity at higher concentrations. Both compounds modulated oxidative stress and caspase-3,7 activity, but 10 showed a superior effect comparable to the Ac-DEVD-CHO inhibitor. Interestingly, while both 4 and 10 outperformed the positive controls in blocking mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening, only 4 demonstrated potent restoration of the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) in the model. Derivatives 4 and 10 also showed neuroprotection in the Glu model, with 10 exhibiting the strongest oxidative stress reducing effect among the tested compounds, while the neuroprotective activity of 4 was probably due recovery of the MMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University and the Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Olomouc and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, CZ-775 20, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Hodoň
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, 17. Listopadu 1192/12, 771 46, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Kazakova
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, 17. Listopadu 1192/12, 771 46, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Cosimo Walter D'Acunto
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University and the Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Kaňovský
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Olomouc and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, CZ-775 20, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Urban
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University in Olomouc, Hnevotinska 5, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Miroslav Strnad
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University and the Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Olomouc and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, CZ-775 20, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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