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Becerra Calderon A, Shroff UN, Deepak S, Izuhara A, Trogen G, McDonough AA, Gurley SB, Nelson JW, Peti-Peterdi J, Gyarmati G. Angiotensin II Directly Increases Endothelial Calcium and Nitric Oxide in Kidney and Brain Microvessels In Vivo With Reduced Efficacy in Hypertension. J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e033998. [PMID: 38726925 PMCID: PMC11179802 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.033998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The vasoconstrictor effects of angiotensin II via type 1 angiotensin II receptors in vascular smooth muscle cells are well established, but the direct effects of angiotensin II on vascular endothelial cells (VECs) in vivo and the mechanisms how VECs may mitigate angiotensin II-mediated vasoconstriction are not fully understood. The present study aimed to explore the molecular mechanisms and pathophysiological relevance of the direct actions of angiotensin II on VECs in kidney and brain microvessels in vivo. METHODS AND RESULTS Changes in VEC intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) and nitric oxide (NO) production were visualized by intravital multiphoton microscopy of cadherin 5-Salsa6f mice or the endothelial uptake of NO-sensitive dye 4-amino-5-methylamino-2',7'-difluorofluorescein diacetate, respectively. Kidney fibrosis by unilateral ureteral obstruction and Ready-to-use adeno-associated virus expressing Mouse Renin 1 gene (Ren1-AAV) hypertension were used as disease models. Acute systemic angiotensin II injections triggered >4-fold increases in VEC [Ca2+]i in brain and kidney resistance arterioles and capillaries that were blocked by pretreatment with the type 1 angiotensin II receptor inhibitor losartan, but not by the type 2 angiotensin II receptor inhibitor PD123319. VEC responded to acute angiotensin II by increased NO production as indicated by >1.5-fold increase in 4-amino-5-methylamino-2',7'-difluorofluorescein diacetate fluorescence intensity. In mice with kidney fibrosis or hypertension, the angiotensin II-induced VEC [Ca2+]i and NO responses were significantly reduced, which was associated with more robust vasoconstrictions, VEC shedding, and microthrombi formation. CONCLUSIONS The present study directly visualized angiotensin II-induced increases in VEC [Ca2+]i and NO production that serve to counterbalance agonist-induced vasoconstriction and maintain residual organ blood flow. These direct and endothelium-specific angiotensin II effects were blunted in disease conditions and linked to endothelial dysfunction and the development of vascular pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Becerra Calderon
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience University of Southern California Los Angeles CA
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute University of Southern California Los Angeles CA
| | - Urvi Nikhil Shroff
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience University of Southern California Los Angeles CA
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute University of Southern California Los Angeles CA
| | - Sachin Deepak
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience University of Southern California Los Angeles CA
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute University of Southern California Los Angeles CA
| | - Audrey Izuhara
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience University of Southern California Los Angeles CA
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute University of Southern California Los Angeles CA
| | - Greta Trogen
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience University of Southern California Los Angeles CA
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute University of Southern California Los Angeles CA
| | - Alicia A McDonough
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience University of Southern California Los Angeles CA
| | - Susan B Gurley
- Department of Medicine University of Southern California Los Angeles CA
| | - Jonathan W Nelson
- Department of Medicine University of Southern California Los Angeles CA
| | - János Peti-Peterdi
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience University of Southern California Los Angeles CA
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute University of Southern California Los Angeles CA
- Department of Medicine University of Southern California Los Angeles CA
| | - Georgina Gyarmati
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience University of Southern California Los Angeles CA
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute University of Southern California Los Angeles CA
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Nosoudi N, Hasanzadeh A, Hart M, Weaver B. Advancements and Future Perspectives in Cell Electrospinning and Bio-Electrospraying. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2023; 7:e2300213. [PMID: 37438326 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, researchers have tried to include living cells into electrospun nanofibers or droplets, leading to the field of live cell electrospinning and bio-electrospraying . In live cell electrospinning and bio-electrospraying, cells are embedded in a polymer and subject to the process of mechanical and electrical stimulation of the process. The resulting nanofiber mats or droplets with embedded cells have several potential applications in tissue engineering. The nanofiber structure provides a supportive and porous environment for cells to grow and interact with their surroundings. This can be favorable for tissue regeneration, where the goal is to create functional tissues that closely mimic the extracellular matrix. However, there are also challenges associated with live cell electrospinning and electrospraying, including maintaining cell viability and uniform cell distribution within the nanofiber mat. Additionally, the electrospinning/electrospraying process can have an impact on cell behavior, phenotype, and genotype, which must be cautiously monitored and studied. Overall, the goal of this review paper is to provide a comprehensive and critical analysis of the existing literature on cell electrospinning and bio-electrospraying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Nosoudi
- Biomedical Engineering Department, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, 25755-2586, USA
| | - Amin Hasanzadeh
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, 1591634311, Iran
| | - Madeline Hart
- Biomedical Engineering Department, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, 25755-2586, USA
| | - Baylee Weaver
- Biomedical Engineering Department, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, 25755-2586, USA
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Staruschenko A, Ma R, Palygin O, Dryer SE. Ion channels and channelopathies in glomeruli. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:787-854. [PMID: 36007181 PMCID: PMC9662803 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00013.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
An essential step in renal function entails the formation of an ultrafiltrate that is delivered to the renal tubules for subsequent processing. This process, known as glomerular filtration, is controlled by intrinsic regulatory systems and by paracrine, neuronal, and endocrine signals that converge onto glomerular cells. In addition, the characteristics of glomerular fluid flow, such as the glomerular filtration rate and the glomerular filtration fraction, play an important role in determining blood flow to the rest of the kidney. Consequently, disease processes that initially affect glomeruli are the most likely to lead to end-stage kidney failure. The cells that comprise the glomerular filter, especially podocytes and mesangial cells, express many different types of ion channels that regulate intrinsic aspects of cell function and cellular responses to the local environment, such as changes in glomerular capillary pressure. Dysregulation of glomerular ion channels, such as changes in TRPC6, can lead to devastating glomerular diseases, and a number of channels, including TRPC6, TRPC5, and various ionotropic receptors, are promising targets for drug development. This review discusses glomerular structure and glomerular disease processes. It also describes the types of plasma membrane ion channels that have been identified in glomerular cells, the physiological and pathophysiological contexts in which they operate, and the pathways by which they are regulated and dysregulated. The contributions of these channels to glomerular disease processes, such as focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and diabetic nephropathy, as well as the development of drugs that target these channels are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Staruschenko
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
- Hypertension and Kidney Research Center, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
- James A. Haley Veterans Hospital, Tampa, Florida
| | - Rong Ma
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Oleg Palygin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Stuart E Dryer
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Tilman J. Fertitta Family College of Medicine, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
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Dryer SE, Kim EY. The Effects of TRPC6 Knockout in Animal Models of Kidney Disease. Biomolecules 2022; 12:1710. [PMID: 36421724 PMCID: PMC9687984 DOI: 10.3390/biom12111710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Diseases that induce a loss of renal function affect a substantial portion of the world's population and can range from a slight decline in the glomerular filtration rate or microalbuminuria to complete kidney failure. Kidney disorders can be acute or chronic, but any significant reduction in renal function is associated with increased all-cause morbidity and mortality, especially when the conditions become chronic. There is an urgent need for new therapeutic approaches to slow or halt the progression of kidney disease. One potential target of considerable interest is the canonical transient receptor potential-6 (TRPC6) channel. TRCP6 is a cationic channel with a significant permeability to Ca2+. It is expressed in several tissues, including in multiple cell types of the kidney in glomeruli, microvasculature, and tubules. Here, we will describe TRPC6 channels and their roles in signal transduction, with an emphasis on renal cells, and the studies implicating TRPC6 channels in the progression of inherited and acquired kidney diseases. We then describe studies using TRPC6 knockout mice and rats subjected to treatments that model human diseases, including nephrotic syndromes, diabetic nephropathy, autoimmune glomerulonephritis, and acute kidney injuries induced by renal ischemia and by obstruction of the urinary tract. TRPC6 knockout has been shown to reduce glomerular manifestations of disease in several of these models and reduces renal fibrosis caused by urinary tract obstruction. TRPC6 knockout has proven to be less effective at reducing diabetic nephropathy in mouse and rat models. We also summarize the implications of these studies for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart E. Dryer
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204-5001, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Tilman J. Fertitta Family College of Medicine, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204-5001, USA
| | - Eun Young Kim
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204-5001, USA
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Hagmann H, Khayyat NH, Oezel C, Papadakis A, Kuczkowski A, Benzing T, Gulbins E, Dryer S, Brinkkoetter PT. Paraoxonase 2 (PON2) Deficiency Reproduces Lipid Alterations of Diabetic and Inflammatory Glomerular Disease and Affects TRPC6 Signaling. Cells 2022; 11:cells11223625. [PMID: 36429053 PMCID: PMC9688324 DOI: 10.3390/cells11223625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes and inflammatory diseases are associated with an altered cellular lipid composition due to lipid peroxidation. The pathogenic potential of these lipid alterations in glomerular kidney diseases remains largely obscure as suitable cell culture and animal models are lacking. In glomerular disease, a loss of terminally differentiated glomerular epithelial cells called podocytes refers to irreversible damage. Podocytes are characterized by a complex ramified cellular architecture and highly active transmembrane signaling. Alterations in lipid composition in states of disease have been described in podocytes but the pathophysiologic mechanisms mediating podocyte damage are unclear. In this study, we employ a genetic deletion of the anti-oxidative, lipid-modifying paraoxonase 2 enzyme (PON2) as a model to study altered cellular lipid composition and its effects on cellular signaling in glomerular disease. PON2 deficiency reproduces features of an altered lipid composition of glomerular disease, characterized by an increase in ceramides and cholesterol. PON2 knockout mice are more susceptible to glomerular damage in models of aggravated oxidative stress such as adriamycin-induced nephropathy. Voltage clamp experiments in cultured podocytes reveal a largely increased TRPC6 conductance after a membrane stretch in PON2 deficiency. Correspondingly, a concomitant knockout of TRPC6 and PON2 partially rescues the aggravated glomerular phenotype of a PON2 knockout in the adriamycin model. This study establishes PON2 deficiency as a model to investigate the pathophysiologic mechanisms of podocyte dysfunction related to alterations in the lipid composition, as seen in diabetic and inflammatory glomerular disease. Expanding the knowledge on these routes and options of intervention could lead to novel treatment strategies for glomerular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henning Hagmann
- Department II of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Cem Oezel
- Department II of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Antonios Papadakis
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Institute for Genetics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexander Kuczkowski
- Department II of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Benzing
- Department II of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Cluster of Excellence on Cellular Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Systems Biology of Ageing Cologne (Sybacol), 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Erich Gulbins
- Department of Molecular Biology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Stuart Dryer
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Tilman J. Fertitta Family College of Medicine, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Paul T. Brinkkoetter
- Department II of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
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Hutzfeldt AD, Tan Y, Bonin LL, Beck BB, Baumbach J, Lassé M, Demir F, Rinschen MM. Consensus draft of the native mouse podocyte-ome. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2022; 323:F182-F197. [PMID: 35796460 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00058.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The podocyte is a key cell in maintaining renal filtration barrier integrity. Several recent studies have analyzed the entity of genome-coded molecules in the podocyte at deep resolution. This avenue of "podocyte-ome" research was enabled by a variety of techniques, including single-cell transcriptomics, FACS-sorting with and without genetically encoded markers, and deep acquisition of proteomics. However, data across various omics studies are not well-integrated with each other. Here, we aim to establish a common, simplified knowledgebase for the mouse "podocyte-ome" by integrating bulk RNA sequencing and bulk proteomics of sorted podocytes and single cell transcriptomics. Three datasets of each omics type from different laboratories, respectively, were integrated, visualized and bioinformatically analyzed. The procedure sheds light on conserved processes of podocytes, but also on limitations and specific features of the used technologies. High expression of glycan GPI anchor synthesis and turnover, and retinol metabolism was identified as a relatively understudied feature of podocytes, while there are both podocyte-enriched and podocyte-depleted actin binding molecules. We compiled aggregated data in an application that illustrates the features of the dataset and allows for exploratory analyses through individual gene query of podocyte identity in absolute and relative quantification towards other glomerular cell types, keywords, GO-terms and gene set enrichments. This consensus draft is a first step towards common molecular omics knowledge of kidney cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvid D Hutzfeldt
- III Department of Medicine, grid.13648.38University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Yifan Tan
- Department of Biomedicine, grid.7048.bAarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Léna Lydie Bonin
- Department of Biomedicine, grid.7048.bAarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Bodo B Beck
- Institute of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, grid.6190.eUniversity of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jan Baumbach
- Institute for Computational Systems Biology, grid.9026.dUniversität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Moritz Lassé
- III Department of Medicine, grid.13648.38University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Fatih Demir
- Department of Biomedicine, grid.7048.bAarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Markus M Rinschen
- Department of Biomedicine, grid.7048.bAarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Kim EY, Dryer SE. TRPC6 Inactivation Reduces Albuminuria Induced by Protein Overload in Sprague Dawley Rats. Cells 2022; 11:1985. [PMID: 35805070 PMCID: PMC9265922 DOI: 10.3390/cells11131985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Canonical transient receptor potential-6 (TRPC6) channels have been implicated in familial and acquired forms of focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), and in renal fibrosis following ureteral obstruction in mice. TRPC6 channels also appear to play a role in driving glomerular disease in aging and in autoimmune glomerulonephritis. In the present study, we examine the role of TRPC6 in the proteinuric state caused by prolonged albumin overload (AO) in Sprague Dawley rats induced by daily injections of exogenous albumin. This was assessed in rats with a global and constitutive inactivation of TRPC6 channels (Trpc6del/del rats) and in wild-type littermates (Trpc6wt/wt rats). AO for 14 and 28 days caused increased urine albumin excretion that was significantly attenuated in Trpc6del/del rats compared to Trpc6wt/wt controls. AO overload did not induce significant glomerulosclerosis or azotemia in either genotype. AO induced mild tubulointerstitial disease characterized by fibrosis, hypercellularity and increased expression of markers of fibrosis and inflammation. Those changes were equally severe in Trpc6wt/wt and Trpc6del/del rats. Immunoblot analysis of renal cortex indicated that AO increased the abundances of TRPC3 and TRPC6, and caused a nearly complete loss of TRPC5 in Trpc6wt/wt rats. The increase in TRPC3 and the loss of TRPC5 occurred to the same extent in Trpc6del/del rats. These data also suggest that TRPC6 plays a role in the normal function of the glomerular filtration barrier. However, whether TRPC6 inactivation protects the tubulointerstitial compartments in Sprague Dawley rats depends on the disease model examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Young Kim
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA;
| | - Stuart E. Dryer
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA;
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Tilman J. Fertitta Family College of Medicine, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
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