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Maitreya A, Qureshi A. Genomic and phenotypic characterisation of Enterococcus mundtii AM_AQ_BC8 for its anti-biofilm, antimicrobial and probiotic potential. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:84. [PMID: 38296886 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03816-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Enterococcus mundtii AM_AQ_BC8 isolated from biofouled filtration membrane was characterised as a potential probiotic bacterium showing strong L-lactic acid-producing capability. Experimental studies revealed that E. mundtii AM_AQ_BC8 possess antibiofilm and antimicrobial ability too, as tested against strong biofilm-forming bacteria like Pseudomonas spp. The present study has evaluated the genetic potential of E. mundtii AM_AQ_BC8 through genome sequencing. Whole genome analysis revealed the presence of key genes like ldh_1 and ldh_2 responsible for lactic acid production along with genes encoding probiotic features such as acid and bile salt resistance (dnaK, dnaJ, argS), fatty acid synthesis (fabD, fabE) and lactose utilisation (lacG, lacD). The phylogenomic analysis based on OrthoANI (99.85%) and dDDH (96.8%) values revealed that the strain AM_AQ_BC8 shared the highest homology with E. mundtii. The genome sequence of strain AM_AQ_BC8 has been deposited to NCBI and released with GenBank accession no. SAMN32531201. The study primarily demonstrated the probiotic potential of E. mundtii AM_AQ_BC8 isolate, for L-lactate synthesis in high concentration (8.98 g/L/day), which also showed anti-biofilm and antimicrobial activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuja Maitreya
- Environmental Biotechnology and Genomics Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440020, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Asifa Qureshi
- Environmental Biotechnology and Genomics Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440020, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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2
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Kingkaew E, Woraprayote W, Booncharoen A, Niwasabutra K, Janyaphisan T, Vilaichone RK, Yamaoka Y, Visessanguan W, Tanasupawat S. Functional genome analysis and anti-Helicobacter pylori activity of a novel bacteriocinogenic Lactococcus sp. NH2-7C from Thai fermented pork (Nham). Sci Rep 2023; 13:20362. [PMID: 37990119 PMCID: PMC10663479 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47687-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori, linked to gastric diseases, is targeted for probiotic treatment through bacteriocin production. Bacteriocins have gained recognition for their non-toxic effects on host cells and their ability to combat a wide range of pathogens. This study aimed to taxonomically characterize and evaluate the safety and probiotic properties of the novel species of Lactococcus sp. NH2-7C isolated from fermented pork, as well as its bacteriocin NH2-7C, both in vitro and in silico. Comparative genotypic analysis revealed an average nucleotide identity of 94.96%, an average amino acid identity of 94.29%, and a digital DNA-DNA hybridization value of 63.80% when compared to Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis JCM 5805T. These findings suggest that strain NH2-7C represents a novel species within the genus Lactococcus. In silico assessments confirmed the non-pathogenic nature of strain NH2-7C and the absence of genes associated with virulence and biogenic amine formation. Whole-genome analysis revealed the presence of the nisA gene responsible for nisin A production, indicating its potential as a beneficial compound with anti-Helicobacter pylori activity and non-toxic characteristics. Probiotic assessments indicated bile salt hydrolase and cholesterol assimilation activities, along with the modulation of interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor-α secretion. Strain NH2-7C demonstrated gastrointestinal tolerance and the ability to adhere to Caco-2 cells, affirming its safety and probiotic potential. Additionally, its ability to produce bacteriocins supports its suitability as a functional probiotic strain with therapeutic potential. However, further in vitro and in vivo investigations are crucial to ensure its safety and explore potential applications for Lactococcus sp. NH2-7C as a probiotic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Engkarat Kingkaew
- Department of Biology, School of Science, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, 10520, Thailand
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Weerapong Woraprayote
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Auttaporn Booncharoen
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Kanidta Niwasabutra
- Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research (TISTR) Biodiversity Research Centre, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Thitiphorn Janyaphisan
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Ratha-Korn Vilaichone
- GI Unit, Department of Medicine, and Center of Excellence in Digestive Diseases, Thammasat University, Thailand Science Research and Innovation Fundamental Fund, Bualuang ASEAN Chair Professorship at Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Yoshio Yamaoka
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Oita University, Yufu, Oita, Japan
| | - Wonnop Visessanguan
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand.
| | - Somboon Tanasupawat
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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3
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Fanelli F, Montemurro M, Verni M, Garbetta A, Bavaro AR, Chieffi D, Cho GS, Franz CMAP, Rizzello CG, Fusco V. Probiotic Potential and Safety Assessment of Type Strains of Weissella and Periweissella Species. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0304722. [PMID: 36847557 PMCID: PMC10100829 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03047-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Although numerous strains belonging to the Weissella genus have been described in the last decades for their probiotic and biotechnological potential, others are known to be opportunistic pathogens of humans and animals. Here, we investigated the probiotic potential of two Weissella and four Periweissella type strains belonging to the species Weissella diestrammenae, Weissella uvarum, Periweissella beninensis, Periweissella fabalis, Periweissella fabaria, and Periweissella ghanensis by genomic and phenotypic analyses, and performed a safety assessment of these strains. Based on the results of the survival to simulated gastrointestinal transit, autoaggregation and hydrophobicity characteristics, as well as adhesion to Caco-2 cells, we showed that the P. beninensis, P. fabalis, P. fabaria, P. ghanensis, and W. uvarum type strains exhibited a high probiotic potential. The safety assessment, based on the genomic analysis, performed by searching for virulence and antibiotic resistance genes, as well as on the phenotypic evaluation, by testing hemolytic activity and antibiotic susceptibility, allowed us to identify the P. beninensis type strain as a safe potential probiotic microorganism. IMPORTANCE A comprehensive analysis of safety and functional features of six Weissella and Periweissella type strains was performed. Our data demonstrated the probiotic potential of these species, indicating the P. beninensis type strain as the best candidate based on its potential probiotic features and the safety assessment. The presence of different antimicrobial resistance profiles in the analyzed strains highlighted the need to establish cutoff values to perform a standardized safety evaluation of these species, which, in our opinion, should be mandatory on a strain-specific basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Fanelli
- National Research Council, Institute of Sciences of Food Production (CNR-ISPA), Bari, Italy
| | - Marco Montemurro
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Michela Verni
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonella Garbetta
- National Research Council, Institute of Sciences of Food Production (CNR-ISPA), Bari, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Bavaro
- National Research Council, Institute of Sciences of Food Production (CNR-ISPA), Bari, Italy
| | - Daniele Chieffi
- National Research Council, Institute of Sciences of Food Production (CNR-ISPA), Bari, Italy
| | - Gyu-Sung Cho
- Max Rubner-Institut, Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Kiel, Germany
| | | | | | - Vincenzina Fusco
- National Research Council, Institute of Sciences of Food Production (CNR-ISPA), Bari, Italy
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Oba S, Yildirim T, Karataş ŞM. Probiotics Safety Aspect of Functional Foods. JOURNAL OF CULINARY SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/15428052.2022.2135156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sirin Oba
- Department of Food Processing, Suluova Vocational School, Amasya University, Amasya, Turkey
| | - Tugce Yildirim
- Department of Biotechnology, Institution of Science, Amasya University, Amasya, Turkey
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Diale MO, Kayitesi E, Serepa-Dlamini MH. Genome In Silico and In Vitro Analysis of the Probiotic Properties of a Bacterial Endophyte, Bacillus Paranthracis Strain MHSD3. Front Genet 2021; 12:672149. [PMID: 34858466 PMCID: PMC8631869 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.672149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Spore-forming Bacillus species are gaining interest in human health recently, due to their ability to withstand the harsh environment of the gastrointestinal tract. The present study explores probiotic features of Bacillus paranthracis strain MHSD3 through genomic analysis and in vitro probiotic assays. The draft genome of strain MHSD3 contained genes associated with tolerance to gastrointestinal stress and adhesion. Cluster genes responsible for the synthesis of antimicrobial non-ribosomal peptide synthetases, bacteriocins, and linear azole-containing peptides were identified. Additionally, strain MHSD3 was able to survive in an acidic environment, had the tolerance to bile salt, and exhibited the capability to tolerate gastric juices. Moreover, the isolate was found to possess strong cell surface traits such as high auto-aggregation and hydrophobicity indices of 79 and 54%, respectively. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis showed that the strain produced secondary metabolites such as amino acids, phenolic compounds, and organic acid, known to exert health-promoting properties, including the improvement of gastrointestinal tract health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamonokane Olga Diale
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Eugenie Kayitesi
- Department of Consumer and Food Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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Pahalagedara ASNW, Jauregui R, Maclean P, Altermann E, Flint S, Palmer J, Brightwell G, Gupta TB. Culture and genome-based analysis of four soil Clostridium isolates reveal their potential for antimicrobial production. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:686. [PMID: 34548019 PMCID: PMC8456703 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-08005-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soil bacteria are a major source of specialized metabolites including antimicrobial compounds. Yet, one of the most diverse genera of bacteria ubiquitously present in soil, Clostridium, has been largely overlooked in bioactive compound discovery. As Clostridium spp. thrive in extreme environments with their metabolic mechanisms adapted to the harsh conditions, they are likely to synthesize molecules with unknown structures, properties, and functions. Therefore, their potential to synthesize small molecules with biological activities should be of great interest in the search for novel antimicrobial compounds. The current study focused on investigating the antimicrobial potential of four soil Clostridium isolates, FS01, FS2.2 FS03, and FS04, using a genome-led approach, validated by culture-based methods. RESULTS Conditioned/spent media from all four Clostridium isolates showed varying levels of antimicrobial activity against indicator microorganism; all four isolates significantly inhibited the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. FS01, FS2.2, and FS04 were active against Bacillus mycoides and FS03 reduced the growth of Bacillus cereus. Phylogenetic analysis together with DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH), average nucleotide identity (ANI), and functional genome distribution (FGD) analyses confirmed that FS01, FS2.2, and FS04 belong to the species Paraclostridium bifermentans, Clostridium cadaveris, and Clostridium senegalense respectively, while FS03 may represent a novel species of the genus Clostridium. Bioinformatics analysis using antiSMASH 5.0 predicted the presence of eight biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) encoding for the synthesis of ribosomally synthesized post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs) and non-ribosomal peptides (NRPs) in four genomes. All predicted BGCs showed no similarity with any known BGCs suggesting novelty of the molecules from those predicted gene clusters. In addition, the analysis of genomes for putative virulence factors revealed the presence of four putative Clostridium toxin related genes in FS01 and FS2.2 genomes. No genes associated with the main Clostridium toxins were identified in the FS03 and FS04 genomes. CONCLUSIONS The presence of BGCs encoding for uncharacterized RiPPs and NRPSs in the genomes of antagonistic Clostridium spp. isolated from farm soil indicated their potential to produce novel secondary metabolites. This study serves as a basis for the identification and characterization of potent antimicrobials from these soil Clostridium spp. and expands the current knowledge base, encouraging future research into bioactive compound production in members of the genus Clostridium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amila S N W Pahalagedara
- Food System Integrity team, Hopkirk Research Institute, AgResearch Ltd, Massey University, 4474, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- School of Food and Advanced Technology, Massey University, 4442, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- Data Science team, Grasslands Research Centre, AgResearch Ltd, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Ruy Jauregui
- Data Science team, Grasslands Research Centre, AgResearch Ltd, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Paul Maclean
- Data Science team, Grasslands Research Centre, AgResearch Ltd, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Eric Altermann
- Food System Integrity team, Hopkirk Research Institute, AgResearch Ltd, Massey University, 4474, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- School of Food and Advanced Technology, Massey University, 4442, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Steve Flint
- School of Food and Advanced Technology, Massey University, 4442, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- Data Science team, Grasslands Research Centre, AgResearch Ltd, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Jon Palmer
- School of Food and Advanced Technology, Massey University, 4442, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- Data Science team, Grasslands Research Centre, AgResearch Ltd, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Gale Brightwell
- Food System Integrity team, Hopkirk Research Institute, AgResearch Ltd, Massey University, 4474, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- School of Food and Advanced Technology, Massey University, 4442, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- New Zealand Food Safety Science and Research Centre, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Tanushree Barua Gupta
- Food System Integrity team, Hopkirk Research Institute, AgResearch Ltd, Massey University, 4474, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
- School of Food and Advanced Technology, Massey University, 4442, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
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Safety Evaluation of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis CIDCA 133: a Health-Promoting Bacteria. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2021; 14:816-829. [PMID: 34403080 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-021-09826-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis CIDCA is a new potential probiotic strain whose molecular basis attributed to the host's benefit has been reported. This study investigated the safety aspects of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis CIDCA 133 based on whole-genome sequence and phenotypic analysis to avoid future questions about the harmful effects of this strain consumption. Genomic analysis showed that L. delbrueckii subsp. lactis CIDCA 133 harbors virulence, harmful metabolites, and antimicrobial resistance-associated genes. However, none of these genetic elements is flanked or located within prophage regions and plasmid sequence. At a phenotypic level, it was observed L. delbrueckii subsp. lactis CIDCA 133 antimicrobial resistance to aminoglycosides streptomycin and gentamicin antibiotics, but no hemolytic and mucin degradation activity was exhibited by strain. Furthermore, no adverse effects were observed regarding mice clinical and histopathological analysis after the strain consumption (5 × 107 CFU/mL). Overall, these findings reveal the safety of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis CIDCA 133 for consumption and future probiotic applications.
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8
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Probiotics-based foods and beverages as future foods and their overall safety and regulatory claims. FUTURE FOODS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fufo.2021.100013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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Hussein WE, Abdelhamid AG, Rocha-Mendoza D, García-Cano I, Yousef AE. Assessment of Safety and Probiotic Traits of Enterococcus durans OSY-EGY, Isolated From Egyptian Artisanal Cheese, Using Comparative Genomics and Phenotypic Analyses. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:608314. [PMID: 33362752 PMCID: PMC7759505 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.608314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An Enterococcus durans strain, designated OSY-EGY, was previously isolated from artisanal cheese. In this work, comparative genomic and phenotypic analyses were utilized to assess the safety characteristics and probiotic traits of the bacterium. The comparative genomic analysis revealed that the strain is distantly related to potentially pathogenic Enterococcus spp. The genome was devoid of genes encoding acquired antibiotic resistance or marker virulence factors associated with Enterococcus spp. Phenotypically, the bacterium is susceptible to vancomycin, ampicillin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, and aminoglycosides and does not have any hemolytic or gelatinase activity, or cytotoxic effect on Caco-2 cells. Altogether, these findings confirm the lack of hazardous traits in E. durans OSY-EGY. Mining E. durans OSY-EGY genome, for probiotic-related sequences, revealed genes associated with acid and bile salts tolerance, adhesion, competitiveness, antioxidant activitiy, antimicrobial activity, essential amino acids production, and vitamins biosynthesis. Phenotypically, E. durans OSY-EGY was tolerant to acidic pH (3.0), and presence of 0.3% bile salts. The bacterium showed adhesion capability to Caco-2 cells, cholesterol-lowering effect, DPPH scavenging activity, and antimicrobial activity against several Gram-positive pathogenic bacteria. Based on the current work, we propose that E. durans OSY-EGY is a potentially safe strain with desirable probiotic and antimicrobial traits. Thus, the investigated strain could be a promising candidate for several industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaa E. Hussein
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed G. Abdelhamid
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Diana Rocha-Mendoza
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Israel García-Cano
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Ahmed E. Yousef
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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Hu JS, Huang YY, Kuang JH, Yu JJ, Zhou QY, Liu DM. Streptococcus thermophiles DMST-H2 Promotes Recovery in Mice with Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8111650. [PMID: 33114373 PMCID: PMC7693992 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8111650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) is the most common side effect of antibiotics and is routinely treated with probiotics in clinical. Streptococcus thermophiles, extensively utilized for producing dairy foods, has recently been regarded as a new promising probiotic candidate. In this study, the efficacy of Streptococcus thermophiles DMST-H2 (DMST-H2) for AAD treatment in mice was investigated. DMST-H2 was isolated from Chinese traditional yogurt, proved to be non-toxic, and presented tolerance against simulated gastrointestinal conditions in vitro. Additionally, genomic analysis revealed that it possessed genes related to acid tolerance, bile salt tolerance, adhesion, oxidative stress and bacteriocin production. The animal experiment results showed that both DMST-H2 treatment and natural recovery could reduce fecal water content. Compared with spontaneous recovery, DMST-H2 accelerated the recovery of the enlarged caecum and intestinal barrier injury from AAD, and further decreased endotoxin (ET), D-lactate (D-LA) and diamine oxidase (DAO) content in serum. Moreover, pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α) were reduced, while interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10) increased after treating with DMST-H2. Furthermore, DMST-H2 better restored the structure of intestinal flora. At the phylum level, Firmicutes increased and Proteobacteria decreased. These findings indicate that DMST-H2 could promote recovery in mice with antibiotic-associated diarrhea.
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Apostolakos I, Feudi C, Eichhorn I, Palmieri N, Fasolato L, Schwarz S, Piccirillo A. High-resolution characterisation of ESBL/pAmpC-producing Escherichia coli isolated from the broiler production pyramid. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11123. [PMID: 32636426 PMCID: PMC7341882 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68036-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) or plasmid-mediated AmpC β-lactamase (pAmpC)-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL/pAmpC-EC) in livestock is a public health risk given the likelihood of their transmission to humans via the food chain. We conducted whole genome sequencing on 100 ESBL/pAmpC-EC isolated from the broiler production to explore their resistance and virulence gene repertoire, characterise their plasmids and identify transmission events derived from their phylogeny. Sequenced isolates carried resistance genes to four antimicrobial classes in addition to cephalosporins. Virulence gene analysis assigned the majority of ESBL/pAmpC-EC to defined pathotypes. In the complex genetic background of ESBL/pAmpC-EC, clusters of closely related isolates from various production stages were identified and indicated clonal transmission. Phylogenetic comparison with publicly available genomes suggested that previously uncommon ESBL/pAmpC-EC lineages could emerge in poultry, while others might contribute to the maintenance and dissemination of ESBL/pAmpC genes in broilers. The majority of isolates from diverse E. coli lineages shared four dominant plasmids (IncK2, IncI1, IncX3 and IncFIB/FII) with identical ESBL/pAmpC gene insertion sites. These plasmids have been previously reported in diverse hosts, including humans. Our findings underline the importance of specific plasmid groups in the dissemination of cephalosporin resistance genes within the broiler industry and across different reservoirs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilias Apostolakos
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, 35020, Padua, Italy
| | - Claudia Feudi
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163, Berlin, Germany
| | - Inga Eichhorn
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nicola Palmieri
- Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Luca Fasolato
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, 35020, Padua, Italy
| | - Stefan Schwarz
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alessandra Piccirillo
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, 35020, Padua, Italy.
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Escribano-Vazquez U, Beimfohr C, Bellet D, Thomas M, Zimmermann K, Langella P, Cherbuy C. Symbioflor2 ® Escherichia coli Genotypes Enhance Ileal and Colonic Gene Expression Associated with Mucosal Defense in Gnotobiotic Mice. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8040512. [PMID: 32260205 PMCID: PMC7232167 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8040512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Symbioflor2® is a probiotic product composed of six Escherichia coli genotypes, which has a beneficial effect on irritable bowel syndrome. Our objective was to understand the individual impact of each of the six genotypes on the host, together with the combined impact of the six in the compound Symbioflor2®. Gnotobiotic mice were mono-associated with one of the six genotypes or associated with the compound product. Ileal and colonic gene expression profiling was carried out, and data were compared between the different groups of gnotobiotic mice, along with that obtained from conventional (CV) mice and mice colonized with the probiotic E. coli Nissle 1917. We show that Symbioflor2® genotypes induce intestinal transcriptional responses involved in defense and immune mechanisms. Using mice associated with Symbioflor2®, we reveal that the product elicits a balanced response from the host without any predominance of a single genotype. The Nissle strain and the six bacterial genotypes have different effects on the intestinal gene expression, suggesting that the impacts of these probiotics are not redundant. Our data show the effect of the Symbioflor2® genotypes at the molecular level in the digestive tract, which further highlights their beneficial action on several aspects of intestinal physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Unai Escribano-Vazquez
- Micalis Institute, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (U.E.-V.); (D.B.); (M.T.); (P.L.)
| | | | - Deborah Bellet
- Micalis Institute, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (U.E.-V.); (D.B.); (M.T.); (P.L.)
| | - Muriel Thomas
- Micalis Institute, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (U.E.-V.); (D.B.); (M.T.); (P.L.)
| | - Kurt Zimmermann
- SymbioGruppe GmbH & Co KG, 35745 Herborn, Germany;
- SymbioPharm GmbH, 35745 Herborn, Germany
| | - Philippe Langella
- Micalis Institute, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (U.E.-V.); (D.B.); (M.T.); (P.L.)
| | - Claire Cherbuy
- Micalis Institute, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (U.E.-V.); (D.B.); (M.T.); (P.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-(0)1-34-65-24-98
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Dlamini ZC, Langa RLS, Aiyegoro OA, Okoh AI. Safety Evaluation and Colonisation Abilities of Four Lactic Acid Bacteria as Future Probiotics. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2020; 11:397-402. [PMID: 29881953 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-018-9430-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The study evaluated the safety and colonisation properties of four lactic acid bacteria (LAB), by determining their cell hydrophobicity and aggregation abilities. In addition, the presence of virulence and resistance genes was assayed in these probiotic candidates. Lactobacillus reuteri ZJ625, Lactobacillus reuteri VB4, Lactobacillus salivarius ZJ614 and Streptococcus salivarius NBRC13956 were tested for cell surface hydrophobicity abilities against xylene, chloroform and ethyl acetate. The isolates were also tested for auto-aggregation and co-aggregation abilities; the optical densities of cell growth were measured after 1, 2, 3 and 4 h of experimental set-up. DNA was extracted from all the four isolates and amplified using PCR with specific primers to detect virulence genes of adhesion collagen protein (ace) and aggregation substances (agg and asa); also, resistance genes of Vancomycin vanA, Vancomycin vanC1 and Vancomycin vanC2/3 were assayed in the four isolates. The isolates showed high hydrophobicity to all solvents: xylene (78-84%), chloroform (68-75%) and ethyl acetate (52-60%). High auto- and co-aggregations ranging from 60 to 70% and from 45 to 56% respectively were observed in the isolates after 4 h of incubation at 37 °C. Some of the tested isolates showed the presence of virulence and resistance genes; however, this does not indicate that these genes are unsafe because their transmission and expression abilities are unknown. Therefore, in this study, the isolates studied are considered safe for use as future probiotics, as revealed from results presented, which generally represents the scanned safety evaluations of the isolates as promising probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyanda C Dlamini
- Agricultural Research Council - Animal Production Institute, Gastrointestinal Microbiology and Biotechnology Division, Irene, 0062, South Africa.,SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700, South Africa
| | - Rashwahla L S Langa
- Agricultural Research Council - Animal Production Institute, Gastrointestinal Microbiology and Biotechnology Division, Irene, 0062, South Africa
| | - Olayinka A Aiyegoro
- Agricultural Research Council - Animal Production Institute, Gastrointestinal Microbiology and Biotechnology Division, Irene, 0062, South Africa. .,SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700, South Africa.
| | - Anthony I Okoh
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700, South Africa
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14
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Hellwig M, Auerbach C, Müller N, Samuel P, Kammann S, Beer F, Gunzer F, Henle T. Metabolization of the Advanced Glycation End Product N-ε-Carboxymethyllysine (CML) by Different Probiotic E. coli Strains. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:1963-1972. [PMID: 30701968 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b06748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
N-ε-Carboxymethyllysine (CML) is formed during glycation reactions (synonym, Maillard reaction). CML is degraded by the human colonic microbiota, but nothing is known about the formation of particular metabolites. In the present study, six probiotic E. coli strains were incubated with CML in the presence or absence of oxygen in either minimal or nutrient-rich medium. CML was degraded by all strains only in the presence of oxygen. HPLC-MS/MS was applied for identification of metabolites of CML. For the first time, three bacterial metabolites of CML have been identified, namely N-carboxymethylcadaverine (CM-CAD), N-carboxymethylaminopentanoic acid (CM-APA), and the N-carboxymethyl-Δ1-piperideinium ion. During 48 h of incubation of CML with five different E. coli strains in minimal medium in the presence of oxygen, 37-66% of CML was degraded, while CM-CAD (1.5-8.4% of the initial CML dose) and CM-APA (0.04-0.11% of the initial CML dose) were formed linearly. Formation of the metabolites is enhanced when dipeptide-bound CML is applied, indicating that transport phenomena may play an important role in the "handling" of the compound by microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hellwig
- Chair of Food Chemistry , Technische Universität Dresden , D-01062 Dresden , Germany
| | - Christian Auerbach
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus , Technische Universität Dresden , Fetscherstraße 74 , 01307 Dresden , Germany
| | - Nicole Müller
- Chair of Food Chemistry , Technische Universität Dresden , D-01062 Dresden , Germany
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus , Technische Universität Dresden , Fetscherstraße 74 , 01307 Dresden , Germany
| | - Pauline Samuel
- Chair of Food Chemistry , Technische Universität Dresden , D-01062 Dresden , Germany
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus , Technische Universität Dresden , Fetscherstraße 74 , 01307 Dresden , Germany
| | - Sophie Kammann
- Chair of Food Chemistry , Technische Universität Dresden , D-01062 Dresden , Germany
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus , Technische Universität Dresden , Fetscherstraße 74 , 01307 Dresden , Germany
| | - Falco Beer
- Chair of Food Chemistry , Technische Universität Dresden , D-01062 Dresden , Germany
| | - Florian Gunzer
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus , Technische Universität Dresden , Fetscherstraße 74 , 01307 Dresden , Germany
| | - Thomas Henle
- Chair of Food Chemistry , Technische Universität Dresden , D-01062 Dresden , Germany
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15
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Tan H, Yu Z, Wang C, Zhang Q, Zhao J, Zhang H, Zhai Q, Chen W. Pilot Safety Evaluation of a Novel Strain of Bacteroides ovatus. Front Genet 2018; 9:539. [PMID: 30459813 PMCID: PMC6232662 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteroides ovatus ELH-B2 is considered as a potential next-generation probiotic due to its preventive effects on lipopolysaccharides-associated inflammation and intestinal microbiota disorders in mice. To study safety issues associated with B. ovatus ELH-B2, we conducted comprehensive and systematic experiments, including in vitro genetic assessments of potential virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes, and an in vivo acute toxicity study of both immunocompetent and immunosuppressed mice via cyclophosphamide treatment. The results indicated that this novel strain is non-toxigenic, fragilysin is not expressed, and most of potential virulence genes are correlated with cellular structures such as capsular polysaccharide and polysaccharide utilizations. The antibiotic resistance features are unlikely be transferred to other intestinal microorganisms as no plasmids nor related genomic islands were identified. Side effects were not observed in mice. B. ovatus ELH-B2 also alleviated the damages caused by cyclophosphamide injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huizi Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhiming Yu
- Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Chen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Qingsong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Qixiao Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,International Joint Research Laboratory for Probiotics, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
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16
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Li B, Zhan M, Evivie SE, Jin D, Zhao L, Chowdhury S, Sarker SK, Huo G, Liu F. Evaluating the Safety of Potential Probiotic Enterococcus durans KLDS6.0930 Using Whole Genome Sequencing and Oral Toxicity Study. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1943. [PMID: 30186262 PMCID: PMC6110905 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterococcus durans KLDS6.0930 has previously been shown to have probiotic potential. However, being a potential clinical pathogen, it becomes necessary to evaluate its safety status for novel potential probiotic use. The purpose of this study is to systematically evaluate the safety of E. durans KLDS6.0930 based on its genomics, phenotypic characteristics and oral toxicity. The complete genome of E. durans KLDS6.0930 was sequenced and analyzed for safety-related genes. Antibiotic susceptibility and the production of harmful metabolites were tested. A 28-day repeated oral dose toxicity test was implemented in rats. In vitro, E. durans KLDS6.0930 was resistant to five antibiotics, with intrinsic resistances to four antibiotics and no identified genes for the last. E. durans KLDS6.0930 was not hemolytic and virulence factors were non-functional in its genome. E. durans KLDS6.0930 produced a small amount of tyramine and phenethylamine; genes encoding tyramine decarboxylase were identified. In addition, genotype and phenotype analyses showed that the strain did not have the ability to generate D-lactic acid, indole, or nitroreductase. In vivo, E. durans KLDS6.0930 did not induce adverse effects on the organs, hematological and serum biochemical parameters, or cecal bacterial populations in the oral toxicity test. These results indicate that E. durans KLDS6.0930 can be safely used as a potential probiotic for human consumption and animal feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bailiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Meng Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Smith E. Evivie
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Food Science and Nutrition Unit, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Da Jin
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Sathi Chowdhury
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Shuvan K. Sarker
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Guicheng Huo
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Department of Food Science, Food College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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17
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Zimmermann C, Schild M, Kunz C, Zimmermann K, Kuntz S. Effects of Live and Heat-Inactivated E. coli Strains and Their Supernatants on Immune Regulation in HT-29 Cells. Eur J Microbiol Immunol (Bp) 2018; 8:41-46. [PMID: 29997910 PMCID: PMC6038535 DOI: 10.1556/1886.2018.00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics are considered to have a beneficial impact on humans, but in some cases, administration of live microorganisms might be risky. In the present study, immunomodulatory effects of different Escherichia coli strains and their super-natants were examined under different inflammatory conditions with living and heat-inactivated strains. HT-29 cells were incubated with E. coli strains (S2-G1, S2-G3, S2-G4 and S2-G8) and their supernatants with or without stimulation with tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) or interleukin (IL)-1β. Quantification of IL-8 secretion and gene expression was performed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). IL-8 secretion by TNF-α- and IL-1β-stimulated cells was attenuated by all four live strains. In contrast, heat inactivation resulted in an elevated IL-8 expression and secretion in unstimulated cells and did not maintain the anti-inflammatory effect of live bacteria in cytokine-stimulated cells. The supernatant of the live S2-G3 led to an elevated IL-8 secretion in unstimulated and IL-1β-stimulated cells but not in TNF-α-stimulated cells. Live bacteria of all strains might induce an immunosuppressive effect after stimulation of HT-29 cells, whereas heat inactivation and the supernatant seem to induce an elevated immune response. These findings might have an impact depending on the indication and purpose of administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Zimmermann
- Institute of Nutritional Science, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Wilhelmstrasse 20, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Marius Schild
- Institute of Nutritional Science, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Wilhelmstrasse 20, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Clemens Kunz
- Institute of Nutritional Science, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Wilhelmstrasse 20, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Kurt Zimmermann
- SymbioPharm GmbH, Auf den Lueppen 10, D-35745 Herborn, Germany
| | - Sabine Kuntz
- Institute of Nutritional Science, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Wilhelmstrasse 20, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
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18
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Kocijancic D, Leschner S, Felgner S, Komoll RM, Frahm M, Pawar V, Weiss S. Therapeutic benefit of Salmonella attributed to LPS and TNF-α is exhaustible and dictated by tumor susceptibility. Oncotarget 2018; 8:36492-36508. [PMID: 28445131 PMCID: PMC5482671 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential of bacteria-mediated tumor therapy (BMTT) is highlighted by more than a century of investigation. Attenuated Salmonella has prevailed as promising therapeutic agents. For BMTT - categorized as an immune therapy - the exact contribution of particular immune reactions to the therapeutic effect remains ambiguous. In addition, one could argue for or against the requirement of bacterial viability and tumor targeting. Herein we evaluate the isolated therapeutic efficacy of purified LPS and TNF-α, which together account for a dominant immunogenic pathway of gram negative bacteria like Salmonella. We show that therapeutic efficacy against CT26 tumors does not require bacterial viability. Analogous to viable Salmonella SL7207, tumor regression by a specific CD8+ T cell response can be induced by purified LPS or recombinant TNF-α (rTNF-α). Conversely, therapeutic effects against RenCa tumors were abrogated upon bacterial avitalization and limited using isolated adjuvants. This argues for an alternative mechanistic explanation for SL7207 against RenCa that depends on viability and persistence. Unable to boost bacterial therapies by co-injection of rTNF-α suggested therapeutic effects along this axis are exhausted by the intrinsic adjuvanticity of bacteria alone. However, the importance of TNF-α for BMTT was highlighted by its support of tumor invasion and colonization in concert with lower infective doses of Salmonella. In consideration, bacterial therapeutic effectiveness along the axis of LPS and TNF-α appears limited, and does not offer the necessary plasticity for different tumors. This emphasizes a need for recombinant strengthening and vehicular exploitation to accommodate potency, plasticity and distinctiveness in BMTT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dino Kocijancic
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Sara Leschner
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Sebastian Felgner
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ronja-Melinda Komoll
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Michael Frahm
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Vinay Pawar
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Siegfried Weiss
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany.,Institute of Immunology, Medical School Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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19
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Kocijancic D, Felgner S, Frahm M, Komoll RM, Iljazovic A, Pawar V, Rohde M, Heise U, Zimmermann K, Gunzer F, Hammer J, Crull K, Leschner S, Weiss S. Therapy of solid tumors using probiotic Symbioflor-2: restraints and potential. Oncotarget 2017; 7:22605-22. [PMID: 26981777 PMCID: PMC5008385 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, virulent bacteria remain the basis of most bacteria mediated cancer therapies. For clinical application attenuation is required. However, this might result in a drastically lowered therapeutic capacity. Herein we argue that the E. coli probiotic Symbioflor-2, with a history of safe application may constitute a viable tumor therapeutic candidate. We demonstrate that Symbioflor-2 displays a highly specific tumor targeting ability as determined in murine CT26 and RenCa tumor models. The excellent specificity was ascribed to reduced levels of adverse colonization. A high safety standard was demonstrated in WT and Rag1−/− mice. Thus, Symbioflor-2 may represent an ideal tumor targeting delivery system for therapeutic molecules. Moreover, Symbioflor-2 was capable of inducing CT26 tumor clearance as result of an adjuvant effect on tumor specific CD8+ T cells analogous to the Salmonella variant SL7207. However, lower therapeutic efficacy against RenCa tumors suggested a generally reduced therapeutic potency for probiotics. Interestingly, concurrent depletion of Gr-1+ or Ly6G+ cells installed therapeutic efficacy equal to SL7207, thus highlighting the role of innate effector cells in restraining the anti-tumor effects of Symbioflor-2. Collectively, our findings argue for a strategy of safe strain application and a more sustainable use of bacteria as a delivery system for therapeutic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dino Kocijancic
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Sebastian Felgner
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Michael Frahm
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ronja-Melinda Komoll
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Aida Iljazovic
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Vinay Pawar
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Manfred Rohde
- Central Facility for Microscopy, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ulrike Heise
- Mouse-Pathology Service Unit, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | - Florian Gunzer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Juliane Hammer
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Katja Crull
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Sara Leschner
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Siegfried Weiss
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany.,Institute of Immunology, Medical School Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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20
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A Review of Research Conducted with Probiotic E. coli Marketed as Symbioflor. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY 2016; 2016:3535621. [PMID: 27995179 PMCID: PMC5138452 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3535621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This review article summarizes the scientific literature that is currently available about a probiotic E. coli that is known under the name Symbioflor E. coli. The probiotic is marketed for human use and has been subjected to over 20 years of scientific research. As is presented here, the available literature not only contains multiple works to investigate and analyse the probiotic activity of this E. coli, but also describes a variety of other research experiments, dealing with a surprising and interesting range of subjects. By compiling all these works into one review article, more insights into this interesting probiotic E. coli were obtained.
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21
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Wassenaar TM. Insights from 100 Years of Research with Probiotic E. Coli. Eur J Microbiol Immunol (Bp) 2016; 6:147-161. [PMID: 27766164 PMCID: PMC5063008 DOI: 10.1556/1886.2016.00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A century ago, Alfred Nissle discovered that intentional intake of particular strains of Escherichia coli could treat patients suffering from infectious diseases. Since then, one of these strains became the most frequently used probiotic E. coli in research and was applied to a variety of human conditions. Here, properties of that E. coli Nissle 1917 strain are compared with other commercially available E. coli probiotic strains, with emphasis on their human applications. A literature search formed the basis of a summary of research findings reported for the probiotics Mutaflor, Symbioflor 2, and Colinfant. The closest relatives of the strains in these products are presented, and their genetic content, including the presence of virulence, genes is discussed. A similarity to pathogenic strains causing urinary tract infections is noticeable. Historic trends in research of probiotics treatment for particular human conditions are identified. The future of probiotic E. coli may lay in what Alfred Nissle originally discovered: to treat gastrointestinal infections, which nowadays are often caused by antibiotic-resistant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trudy M. Wassenaar
- Molecular Microbiology and Genomics Consultants, Tannenstrasse 7, 55576 Zotzenheim, Germany
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22
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Administration of non-pathogenic isolates of Escherichia coli and Clostridium perfringens type A to piglets in a herd affected with a high incidence of neonatal diarrhoea. Animal 2016; 11:670-676. [PMID: 27574018 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731116001804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
A bacterial cocktail of living strains of Clostridium perfringens type A (CPA) without β2-toxin gene and non-pathogenic Escherichia coli was administered orally to newborn piglets before first colostrum intake and on 2 consecutive days on a farm with a high incidence of diarrhoea and antibiotic treatment in suckling piglets associated with E. coli and CPA. This clinical field study was driven by the hypothetic principle of competitive exclusion of pathogenic bacteria due to prior colonization of the gut mucosal surface by non-pathogenic strains of the same bacterial species with the aim of preventing disease. Although CPA strains used in this study did not produce toxins in vitro, their lack of pathogenicity cannot be conclusively confirmed. The health status of the herd was impaired by a high incidence of postpartum dysgalactia syndrome in sows (70%) and a high incidence of neonatal diarrhoea caused by enterotoxigenic E. coli and CPA during the study. No obvious adverse effect of the bacterial treatment occurred. On average, more piglets were weaned in litters treated (P=0.009). Visual pathological alterations in the small intestinal wall were more frequent in dead piglets of the control group (P=0.004) and necrotizing enteritis was only found in that group. A higher average daily weight gain of piglets in the control group (P<0.001) may be due to an increased milk uptake due to less competition in the smaller litters. The bacterial cocktail was tested under field conditions for its potential to stabilize gut health status in suckling piglets before disease development due to colibacillosis and clostridial infections; however, the gut flora stabilizing effect of the bacterial cocktail was not clearly discernible in this study. Further basic research is needed to confirm the positive effects of the bacterial treatment used and to identify additional potential bacterial candidates for competitive exclusion.
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23
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Salvetti E, Orrù L, Capozzi V, Martina A, Lamontanara A, Keller D, Cash H, Felis GE, Cattivelli L, Torriani S, Spano G. Integrate genome-based assessment of safety for probiotic strains: Bacillus coagulans GBI-30, 6086 as a case study. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:4595-605. [PMID: 26952108 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7416-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2016] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Probiotics are microorganisms that confer beneficial effects on the host; nevertheless, before being allowed for human consumption, their safety must be verified with accurate protocols. In the genomic era, such procedures should take into account the genomic-based approaches. This study aims at assessing the safety traits of Bacillus coagulans GBI-30, 6086 integrating the most updated genomics-based procedures and conventional phenotypic assays. Special attention was paid to putative virulence factors (VF), antibiotic resistance (AR) genes and genes encoding enzymes responsible for harmful metabolites (i.e. biogenic amines, BAs). This probiotic strain was phenotypically resistant to streptomycin and kanamycin, although the genome analysis suggested that the AR-related genes were not easily transferrable to other bacteria, and no other genes with potential safety risks, such as those related to VF or BA production, were retrieved. Furthermore, no unstable elements that could potentially lead to genomic rearrangements were detected. Moreover, a workflow is proposed to allow the proper taxonomic identification of a microbial strain and the accurate evaluation of risk-related gene traits, combining whole genome sequencing analysis with updated bioinformatics tools and standard phenotypic assays. The workflow presented can be generalized as a guideline for the safety investigation of novel probiotic strains to help stakeholders (from scientists to manufacturers and consumers) to meet regulatory requirements and avoid misleading information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Salvetti
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134, Verona, Italy.,APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Western Road, Cork, T12 Y337, Ireland
| | - Luigi Orrù
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia Agraria, Genomics Research Centre, Via S. Protaso 302 Fiorenzuola d'Arda, 29017, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Vittorio Capozzi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment Sciences, University of Foggia, Via Napoli 25, 71122, Foggia, Italy
| | - Alessia Martina
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Antonella Lamontanara
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia Agraria, Genomics Research Centre, Via S. Protaso 302 Fiorenzuola d'Arda, 29017, Piacenza, Italy
| | - David Keller
- Ganeden Biotech Inc., 5800 Landerbrook Drive Suite 300, Mayfield Heights, OH, 44124, USA
| | - Howard Cash
- Ganeden Biotech Inc., 5800 Landerbrook Drive Suite 300, Mayfield Heights, OH, 44124, USA
| | - Giovanna E Felis
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Luigi Cattivelli
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia Agraria, Genomics Research Centre, Via S. Protaso 302 Fiorenzuola d'Arda, 29017, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Sandra Torriani
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134, Verona, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Spano
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment Sciences, University of Foggia, Via Napoli 25, 71122, Foggia, Italy
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24
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Campylobacter jejuni increases flagellar expression and adhesion of noninvasive Escherichia coli: effects on enterocytic Toll-like receptor 4 and CXCL-8 expression. Infect Immun 2015; 83:4571-81. [PMID: 26371123 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00970-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is the most common cause of bacterium-induced gastroenteritis, and while typically self-limiting, C. jejuni infections are associated with postinfectious intestinal disorders, including flares in patients with inflammatory bowel disease and postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome (PI-IBS), via mechanisms that remain obscure. Based on the hypothesis that acute campylobacteriosis may cause pathogenic microbiota dysbiosis, we investigated whether C. jejuni may activate dormant virulence genes in noninvasive Escherichia coli and examined the epithelial pathophysiological consequences of these alterations. Microarray and quantitative real-time PCR analyses revealed that E. coli adhesin, flagellum, and hemolysin gene expression were increased when E. coli was exposed to C. jejuni-conditioned medium. Increased development of bacterial flagella upon exposure to live C. jejuni or C. jejuni-conditioned medium was observed under transmission electron microscopy. Atomic force microscopy demonstrated that the forces of bacterial adhesion to colonic T84 enterocytes, and the work required to rupture this adhesion, were significantly increased in E. coli exposed to C. jejuni-conditioned media. Finally, C. jejuni-modified E. coli disrupted TLR4 gene expression and induced proinflammatory CXCL-8 gene expression in colonic enterocytes. Together, these data suggest that exposure to live C. jejuni, and/or to its secretory-excretory products, may activate latent virulence genes in noninvasive E. coli and that these alterations may directly trigger proinflammatory signaling in intestinal epithelia. These observations shed new light on mechanisms that may contribute, at least in part, to postcampylobacteriosis inflammatory disorders.
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25
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Wassenaar TM, Gunzer F. The prediction of virulence based on presence of virulence genes in E. coli may not always be accurate. Gut Pathog 2015; 7:15. [PMID: 26089987 PMCID: PMC4471914 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-015-0062-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Now that microbial whole genome sequencing is in reach of many researchers, it is common to infer virulent properties of a given bacterial isolate based on the presence of virulence genes. However, this may lead to inaccurate presumptions of virulence. Using the findings of a recent publication (Da Silva Santos et al. Gut Pathog 7:2, 2015) where virulence was inferred from a genome sequence and subsequently confirmed by in vitro analysis, we present an alternative view on the case described in that publication. Our alternative view point, which is further substantiated by whole genome sequencing of probiotic E. coli strains, may contribute to a more balanced vision on the interactions between pathogens and host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trudy M Wassenaar
- Molecular Microbiology and Genomics Consultants, Tannenstrasse 7, 55576 Zotzenheim, Germany
| | - Florian Gunzer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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26
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Rodrigues J. Pathotypes and probiotics: response to a commentary on the detection of a Shiga toxin producing Escherichia coli in a Crohn's disease patient. Gut Pathog 2015; 7:17. [PMID: 27408623 PMCID: PMC4940865 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-015-0064-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
A recent report on the detection in a Crohn’s disease (CD) patient of an adherent and invasive Shiga toxin producing Escherichia coli (STEC) (Gut pathogens 2015, 7:2) prompted a commentary expressing some skepticism on the significance of the paper findings (Gut pathogens 2015, 7:15). Besides focusing on recurrent issues concerning the difficulties in defining a pathogen, the opinion considers recent data demonstrating the presence of virulence factors in a commercial probiotic. In response to the commentary’s observations, additional information on the described STEC strain, as well as a short discussion on CD associated E. coli are presented here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josias Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Medical Bacteriology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biosciences of the State University of São Paulo (UNESP), Distrito de Rubião Junior, Botucatu, SP CEP 18618-970 Brazil
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