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Shen J, Hu N, Wang Z, Yang L, Chen R, Zhang L, Wang X. Ghrelin alleviates placental dysfunction by down-regulating NF-κB phosphorylation in LPS-induced rat model of preeclampsia. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 972:176569. [PMID: 38593930 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
In our previous study, we uncovered that ghrelin promotes angiogenesis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in vitro by activating the Jagged1/Notch2/VEGF pathway in preeclampsia (PE). However, the regulatory effects of ghrelin on placental dysfunction in PE are unclear. Therefore, we applied Normal pregnant Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), to establish a PE-like rat model. The hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining method and immunohistochemistry (IHC) technology were used to detect morphological features of the placenta. IHC and Western blot were applied to examine Bax and Bcl-2 expression levels. The concentrations of serum soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt1) and placental growth factor (PIGF) were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. In addition, the apoptosis rates of JEG-3 and HTR-8/SVneo trophoblast cells were determined by Annexin V-FITC/PI apoptosis detection kit. Cell migratory capacities were assessed by scratch-wound assay, and RNA-sequencing assay was used to determine the mechanism of ghrelin in regulating trophoblast apoptosis. It has been found that ghrelin significantly reduced blood pressure, urinary protein, and urine creatinine in rats with PE, at the meanwhile, ameliorated placental and fetal injuries. Second, ghrelin clearly inhibited placental Bax expression and circulating sFlt-1 as well as elevated placental Bcl-2 expression and circulating PIGF, restored apoptosis and invasion deficiency of trophoblast cells caused by LPS in vitro. Finally, transcriptomics indicated that nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) was the potential downstream pathway of ghrelin. Our findings illustrated that ghrelin supplementation significantly improved LPS-induced PE-like symptoms and adverse pregnancy outcomes in rats by alleviating placental apoptosis and promoting trophoblast migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Shen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200240, China; Department of Central Laboratory, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Ningning Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zetian Wang
- Department of Trauma-Emergency & Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Lina Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200240, China; Department of Central Laboratory, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Rujun Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Liwen Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Xiaoqin Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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Reddy R, Baijnath S, Singh S, Moodley R, Naicker T, Govender N. Hesperidin improves physiological outcomes in an arginine vasopressin rat model of pre-eclampsia. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2024; 38:341-350. [PMID: 37652562 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hesperidin, a flavanone commonly found in citrus fruits and herbal formulations, has emerged as a potential new therapeutic agent for modulating several diseases. Since pre-eclampsia is a growing public health threat, it may negatively impact the economy and increase the disease burden of South Africa. Phytocompounds are easily accessible, demonstrate minimal side effects, and may confer novel medicinal options as a treatment and preventive preference. OBJECTIVE To investigate the physiological, biochemical, and hematological outcomes of hesperidin in an arginine vasopressin (AVP)-induced rodent model of pre-eclampsia. METHODS Female Sprague-Dawley rats were surgically implanted with mini-osmotic pumps to deliver AVP (200 ng/h) subcutaneously. Animals were treated with hesperidin at 200 mg/kg.b.w via oral gavage for 14 days. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were measured on GD 7, 14, and 18 using a non-invasive tail-cuff method and were euthanized on GD 21. RESULTS The findings showed that hesperidin administration significantly decreased blood pressure (P < 0.05) and urinary protein levels in pregnant rats (P < 0.001). Placental and individual pup weight also increased significantly in the pregnant hesperidin-treated groups compared to AVP untreated groups (P < 0.001). Biochemical and hematological markers such as white blood cell count and lymphocyte levels differed significantly (P < 0.05) in AVP groups treated with and without hesperidin. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that hesperidin is an antihypertensive agent with modes of action associated with its diuretic and blood pressure lowering effects and reduction of proteinuria in AVP-induced pre-eclamptic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Reddy
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
| | - Sooraj Baijnath
- Integrated Molecular Physiology Research Initiative, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Sanil Singh
- Biomedical Resource Unit, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Roshila Moodley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Thajasvarie Naicker
- Discipline of Optics and Imaging, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Nalini Govender
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
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Seyhanli Z, Bayraktar B, Baysoz OB, Karabay G, Sucu ST, Ulusoy CO, Aktemur G, Bucak M, Cakir BT, Kurt D, Ergani SY, Iskender CT. The role of first trimester serum inflammatory indexes (NLR, PLR, MLR, SII, SIRI, and PIV) and the β-hCG to PAPP-A ratio in predicting preeclampsia. J Reprod Immunol 2024; 162:104190. [PMID: 38219631 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2023.104190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the predictive value of inflammation parameters and indices measured in the first trimester for the detection of preeclampsia. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this retrospective analysis, we examined the medical records of 276 eligible pregnancies at a tertiary referral center from 2022 to 2023. The cases were categorized into the Control group (n = 171), the Mild Preeclampsia group (n = 63), and the Severe Preeclampsia group (n = 42). We examined the demographic characteristics and perinatal outcomes of all participants. Additionally, we analyzed laboratory parameters, including neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), systemic immune inflammation index (SII) (neutrophil*platelet/lymphocyte), systemic inflammation response index (SIRI) (neutrophil*monocyte/lymphocyte), pan-immune inflammation value (PIV) (neutrophil*platelet*monocyte/lymphocyte), and the β-hCG to PAPP-A ratio in the first trimester. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis was conducted to identify the optimal cut-off levels for inflammatory markers in predicting preeclampsia. RESULTS SIRI and PIV exhibited statistical significance in differentiating between the preeclampsia and control groups for predicting preeclampsia. The determined cut-off value for SIRI was 1.5, providing a sensitivity of 56.2% and a specificity of 55.6% (p = 0.012). Likewise, the cut-off value for PIV was 394.4, with a sensitivity of 55.2% and a specificity of 55% (p = 0.013). NLR, PLR, MLR, SII, and β-hCG to PAPP-A ratio could not predict preeclampsia. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that SIRI and PIV hold promise as potential tools for predicting the risk of preeclampsia during the first trimester.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Seyhanli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Perinatology, Ankara Etlik City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Burak Bayraktar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Perinatology, Ankara Etlik City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Onur Baran Baysoz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ankara Etlik City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gulsan Karabay
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Perinatology, Ankara Etlik City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Serap Topkara Sucu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ankara Etlik City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Can Ozan Ulusoy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Perinatology, Ankara Etlik City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gizem Aktemur
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Perinatology, Ankara Etlik City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mevlut Bucak
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Perinatology, Ankara Etlik City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Betul Tokgoz Cakir
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Perinatology, Ankara Etlik City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Dilara Kurt
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ankara Etlik City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Seval Yilmaz Ergani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Perinatology, Ankara Etlik City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Can Tekin Iskender
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Perinatology, Ankara Etlik City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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Mircheva A, Vangrieken P, Al-Nasiry S, van Schooten FJ, Godschalk RWL, Langie SAS. Optimizing the Comet Assay-Based In Vitro DNA Repair Assay for Placental Tissue: A Pilot Study with Pre-Eclamptic Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:187. [PMID: 38203356 PMCID: PMC10779140 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The comet assay-based in vitro DNA repair assay has become a common tool for quantifying base excision repair (BER) activity in human lymphocytes or cultured cells. Here, we optimized the protocol for studying BER in human placental tissue because the placenta is a non-invasive tissue for biomonitoring of early-life exposures, and it can be used to investigate molecular mechanisms associated with prenatal disorders. The optimal protein concentration of placental protein extracts for optimal damage recognition and incision was 2 mg protein/mL. The addition of aphidicolin did not lead to reduced non-specific incisions and was, therefore, not included in the optimized protocol. The interval between sample collection and analysis did not affect BER activity up to 70 min. Finally, this optimized protocol was tested on pre-eclamptic (PE) placental tissues (n = 11) and significantly lower BER activity in PE placentas compared to controls (n = 9) was observed. This was paralleled by a significant reduction in the expression of BER-related genes and increased DNA oxidation in PE placentas. Our study indicates that BER activity can be determined in placentas, and lower activity is present in PE compared with healthy. These findings should be followed up in prospective clinical investigations to examine BER's role in the advancement of PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiya Mircheva
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (A.M.); (R.W.L.G.)
| | - Philippe Vangrieken
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Cardiovascular diseases (CARIM), Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Salwan Al-Nasiry
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, P. Debyelaan 25, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Frederik-Jan van Schooten
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (A.M.); (R.W.L.G.)
| | - Roger W. L. Godschalk
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (A.M.); (R.W.L.G.)
| | - Sabine A. S. Langie
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (A.M.); (R.W.L.G.)
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de Lima Castro M, Dos Passos RR, Justina VD, do Amaral WN, Giachini FR. Physiological and pathological evidence of O-GlcNAcylation regulation during pregnancy related process. Placenta 2023; 141:43-50. [PMID: 37210277 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2023.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
O-GlcNAcylation is a dynamic and reversible post-translational modification (PTM) controlled by the enzymes O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA). Changes in its expression lead to a breakdown in cellular homeostasis, which is linked to several pathological processes. Placentation and embryonic development are periods of high cell activity, and imbalances in cell signaling pathways can result in infertility, miscarriage, or pregnancy complications. O-GlcNAcylation is involved in cellular processes such as genome maintenance, epigenetic regulation, protein synthesis/degradation, metabolic pathways, signaling pathways, apoptosis, and stress response. Trophoblastic differentiation/invasion and placental vasculogenesis, as well as zygote viability and embryonic neuronal development, are all dependent on O-GlcNAcylation. This PTM is required for pluripotency, which is a required condition for embryonic development. Further, this pathway is a nutritional sensor and cell stress marker, which is primarily measured by the OGT enzyme and its product, protein O-GlcNAcylation. Yet, this post-translational modification is enrolled in metabolic and cardiovascular adaptations during pregnancy. Finally, evidence of how O-GlcNAc impacts pregnancy during pathological conditions such as hyperglycemia, gestational diabetes, hypertension, and stress disorders are reviewed. Considering this scenario, progress in understanding the role of O- GlcNAcylation in pregnancy is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta de Lima Castro
- Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Goias, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Rinaldo Rodrigues Dos Passos
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goias, Goiânia, Brazil; Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Dela Justina
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goias, Goiânia, Brazil; Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, Brazil
| | - Waldemar Naves do Amaral
- Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Goias, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Regina Giachini
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goias, Goiânia, Brazil; Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, Brazil.
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Yu H, Chen L, Du B. Necroptosis in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia. Cell Cycle 2023; 22:1713-1725. [PMID: 37365800 PMCID: PMC10446795 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2023.2229138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Necroptosis is a newly-identified form of gene-regulated cell necrosis that is increasingly considered to be a pathway associated with human pathophysiological conditions. Cells undergoing necroptosis exhibit necrotic phenotypes, including disruption of the plasma membrane integrity, organelle swelling, and cytolysis. Accumulating evidence suggests that trophoblast necroptosis plays a complex role in preeclampsia (PE). However, the exact pathogenesis remains unclear. Its unique mechanisms of action in various diseases are expected to provide prospects for the treatment of PE. Therefore, it is necessary to further explore its molecular mechanism in PE in order to identify potential therapeutic options. This review examines the current knowledge regarding the role and mechanisms of necroptosis in PE and provides a theoretical basis for new therapeutic targets for PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbiao Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Clinical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong Central Hospital, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Department of Oncology, the Second Clinical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong Central Hospital, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Boyu Du
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Clinical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong Central Hospital, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
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Zhou M, Guo J, Li S, Li A, Fang Z, Zhao M, Zhang M, Wang X. Effect of peroxiredoxin 1 on the regulation of trophoblast function by affecting autophagy and oxidative stress in preeclampsia. J Assist Reprod Genet 2023:10.1007/s10815-023-02820-0. [PMID: 37227568 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-023-02820-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE PE is a pregnancy-specific syndrome and one of the main causes of maternal, fetal, and neonatal mortality. PRDX1 is an antioxidant that regulates cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of PRDX1 on the regulation of trophoblast function by affecting autophagy and oxidative stress in preeclampsia. METHODS Western blotting, RT-qPCR, and immunofluorescence were used to examine the expression of PRDX1 in placentas. PRDX1-siRNA was transfected to knockdown PRDX1 in HTR-8/SVneo cells. The biological function of HTR-8/SVneo cells was detected by wound healing, invasion, tube formation, CCK-8, EdU, flow cytometry, and TUNEL assays. Western blotting was used to detect the protein expression of cleaved-Caspase3, Bax, LC3II, Beclin1, PTEN, and p-AKT. DCFH-DA staining was used to detect ROS levels by flow cytometry. RESULTS PRDX1 was significantly decreased in placental trophoblasts in PE patients. Following the exposure of HTR-8/SVneo cells to H2O2, PRDX1 expression was significantly decreased, LC3II and Beclin1 expression was notably increased, and ROS level was also markedly increased. PRDX1 knockdown impaired migration, invasion, and tube-formation abilities and promoted apoptosis, which was accompanied by an increased expression of cleaved-Caspase3 and Bax. PRDX1 knockdown induced a significant decrease in LC3II and Beclin1 expression, along with an elevated p-AKT expression and a decreased PTEN expression. PRDX1 knockdown increased intracellular ROS levels, and NAC attenuated PRDX1 knockdown-induced apoptosis. CONCLUSION PRDX1 regulated trophoblast function through the PTEN/AKT signaling pathway to affect cell autophagy and ROS level, which provided a potential target for the treatment of PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijuan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China, Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Shandong Province Affiliated to Qingdao University, 238 Jingshi East Road, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Junjun Guo
- Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China, Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Shandong Province Affiliated to Qingdao University, 238 Jingshi East Road, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Shuxian Li
- Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China, Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Shandong Province Affiliated to Qingdao University, 238 Jingshi East Road, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Anna Li
- Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China, Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Shandong Province Affiliated to Qingdao University, 238 Jingshi East Road, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Zhenya Fang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China, Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Shandong Province Affiliated to Qingdao University, 238 Jingshi East Road, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Man Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China, Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Shandong Province Affiliated to Qingdao University, 238 Jingshi East Road, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Meihua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China, Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Shandong Province Affiliated to Qingdao University, 238 Jingshi East Road, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China.
| | - Xietong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China, Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Shandong Province Affiliated to Qingdao University, 238 Jingshi East Road, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 324 Jingwu Street, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.
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Dela Justina V, Dos Passos Júnior RR, Lima VV, Giachini FR. Evidence of Nitric Oxide Impairment During Hypertensive Pregnancies. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1428:99-125. [PMID: 37466771 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-32554-0_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy complicate up to 10% of pregnancies worldwide, and they can be classified into (1) gestational hypertension, (2) preeclampsia, (3) chronic hypertension and (4) chronic hypertension with preeclampsia. Nitric oxide (NO) plays an essential role in the haemodynamic adaptations observed during pregnancy. It has been shown that the nitric oxide pathway's dysfunction during pregnancy is associated with placental- and vascular-related diseases such as hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. This review aims to present a brief definition of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and physiological maternal cardiovascular adaptations during pregnancy. We also detail how NO signalling is altered in the (a) systemic vasculature, (b) uterine artery/spiral arteries, (c) implantation and (d) placenta of hypertensive disorders during pregnancy. We conclude by summarizing the anti-hypertensive therapy of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy as a specific management strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Dela Justina
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Rinaldo Rodrigues Dos Passos Júnior
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
- Institute of Health Sciences and Health, Universidad Federal De Mato Grosso, Barra do Garcas, Brazil
| | - Victor Vitorino Lima
- Institute of Health Sciences and Health, Universidad Federal De Mato Grosso, Barra do Garcas, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Regina Giachini
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
- Institute of Health Sciences and Health, Universidad Federal De Mato Grosso, Barra do Garcas, Brazil
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Hayder H, Shan Y, Chen Y, O’Brien JA, Peng C. Role of microRNAs in trophoblast invasion and spiral artery remodeling: Implications for preeclampsia. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:995462. [PMID: 36263015 PMCID: PMC9575991 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.995462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
It is now well-established that microRNAs (miRNAs) are important regulators of gene expression. The role of miRNAs in placental development and trophoblast function is constantly expanding. Trophoblast invasion and their ability to remodel uterine spiral arteries are essential for proper placental development and successful pregnancy outcome. Many miRNAs are reported to be dysregulated in pregnancy complications, especially preeclampsia and they exert various regulatory effects on trophoblasts. In this review, we provide a brief overview of miRNA biogenesis and their mechanism of action, as well as of trophoblasts differentiation, invasion and spiral artery remodeling. We then discuss the role of miRNAs in trophoblasts invasion and spiral artery remodeling, focusing on miRNAs that have been thoroughly investigated, especially using multiple model systems. We also discuss the potential role of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heyam Hayder
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yanan Shan
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Chun Peng
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Centre for Research on Biomolecular Interactions, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Chun Peng,
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Ramdin S, Naicker T, Pillay V, Singh SD, Baijnath S, Mkhwanazi BN, Govender N. Physiological characterization of an arginine vasopressin rat model of preeclampsia. Syst Biol Reprod Med 2021; 68:55-69. [PMID: 34743622 DOI: 10.1080/19396368.2021.1981486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Rodent models have contributed greatly to our understanding of preeclampsia (PE) progression in humans, however to-date no model has been able to effectively replicate the clinical presentation of the disease. This study aimed to provide a thorough physiological characterization of the arginine vasopressin (AVP)-induced rat model of PE to determine its applicability in studying the pathophysiology of PE. Female Sprague Dawley rats (n = 24) were separated into four groups (n = 6 per group) viz., pregnant AVP, pregnant saline, non-pregnant AVP, and non-pregnant saline. All animals received a continuous dose of either AVP (150 ng/h) or saline via subcutaneous mini osmotic pumps for 18 days. Full physiological characterization of the model included measuring systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and collecting urine and blood samples for biochemical analysis. AVP infusion significantly increased blood pressure and urinary protein levels in the pregnant rats (p < 0.05). Biochemical markers measured, differed significantly in the AVP-treated vs the pregnant saline groups (p < 0.05). Placental and individual pup weight decreased significantly in the pregnant AVP vs pregnant saline group (p < 0.05). The physiological and hematological data confirm the usefulness of this rat model in the study of PE, since AVP-induced vasoconstriction increases peripheral resistance and successfully mimics the pathological changes associated with PE development in humans.Abbreviations: PE: preeclampsia; AVP: arginine vasopressin; ISSHP: International Society for the Study of Hypertension in Pregnancy; ACOG: American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists; RUPP: reduced uterine perfusion pressure; sFlt-1: soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase; VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor; PlGF: placental growth factor; AVP: arginine vasopressin; PAVP: pregnant AVP-treated; PS: pregnant saline; GD: gestational day; ALT: alanine transaminase; NAVP: non-pregnant AVP-treated; NS: non-pregnant saline; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; RBC: red blood cell; RAAS: renin-angiotensin aldosterone system; HELLP: hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sapna Ramdin
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
| | - Thajasvarie Naicker
- Optics and Imaging Centre, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Virushka Pillay
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
| | - Sanil D Singh
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Sooraj Baijnath
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Blessing N Mkhwanazi
- Discipline of Dietetics and Nutrition, College of Agriculture, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Nalini Govender
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
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11
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Watkins OC, Yong HEJ, Sharma N, Chan SY. A review of the role of inositols in conditions of insulin dysregulation and in uncomplicated and pathological pregnancy. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 62:1626-1673. [PMID: 33280430 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1845604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Inositols, a group of 6-carbon polyols, are highly bioactive molecules derived from diet and endogenous synthesis. Inositols and their derivatives are involved in glucose and lipid metabolism and participate in insulin-signaling, with perturbations in inositol processing being associated with conditions involving insulin resistance, dysglycemia and dyslipidemia such as polycystic ovary syndrome and diabetes. Pregnancy is similarly characterized by substantial and complex changes in glycemic and lipidomic regulation as part of maternal adaptation and is also associated with physiological alterations in inositol processing. Disruptions in maternal adaptation are postulated to have a critical pathophysiological role in pregnancy complications such as gestational diabetes and pre-eclampsia. Inositol supplementation has shown promise as an intervention for the alleviation of symptoms in conditions of insulin resistance and for gestational diabetes prevention. However, the mechanisms behind these affects are not fully understood. In this review, we explore the role of inositols in conditions of insulin dysregulation and in pregnancy, and identify priority areas for research. We particularly examine the role and function of inositols within the maternal-placental-fetal axis in both uncomplicated and pathological pregnancies. We also discuss how inositols may mediate maternal-placental-fetal cross-talk, and regulate fetal growth and development, and suggest that inositols play a vital role in promoting healthy pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver C Watkins
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hannah E J Yong
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Neha Sharma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shiao-Yng Chan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
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12
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Dai X, Fu Y, Ye Y. Increased NDRG1 expression suppresses angiogenesis via PI3K/AKT pathway in human placental cells. Pregnancy Hypertens 2020; 21:106-110. [PMID: 32470876 DOI: 10.1016/j.preghy.2020.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To observe whether and how N-myc downstream-regulated gene 1 (NDRG1) regulates placental angiogenesis via JEG-3 placental-derived cells. METHODS Expression of NDRG1 in stably transfected JEG-3 cells was detected using western blot and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Angiogenesis was examined by tube formation assay. The levels of placental growth factor (PLGF) and soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1) were examined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), PI3K, and AKT was examined by western blot. The relationship between PI3K and NDRG1 was detected by co-immunoprecipitation. RESULTS NDRG1 was significantly down-regulated at both the mRNA and protein level by lentivirus (Lv)-NDRG1-shRNA (P < 0.001), whereas it was significantly up-regulated by Lv-NDRG1 (P < 0.001). NDRG1 knockdown significantly increase the expression of PLGF and VEGF in JEG-3 cells (P < 0.001), while NDRG1 knockdown significantly reduced the secretion of sFlt-1 (P < 0.001). NDRG1 was specific bound to PI3K, and NDRG1 knockdown significantly up-regulated the expressions of PI3K and AKT in JEG-3 cells (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION NDRG1 suppresses angiogenesis in preeclampsia, and the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway may be involved in the regulation of angiogenesis by NDRG1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueli Dai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China; Department of Obstetrics, Zibo Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Zibo 255000, China
| | - Yufen Fu
- Department of Obstetrics, Zibo Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Zibo 255000, China
| | - Yuanhua Ye
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China; Department of Obstetrics, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China.
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13
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Yeh CC, Yang MJ, Lussier EC, Tsai HW, Lo PF, Hsieh SL, Wang PH. Low plasma levels of decoy receptor 3 (DcR3) in the third trimester of pregnancy with preeclampsia. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2019; 58:349-353. [PMID: 31122523 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2019.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The pathophysiology of preeclampsia, a major threat during pregnancy characterized by excessive inflammatory status, remains unclear. Decoy receptor 3 (DcR3), a soluble member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily, is capable of inducing anti-apoptosis via binding with TL1A and anti-inflammation by driving Th2 immune reactions. DcR3 may, therefore, play a role in immune modulation during pregnancy. The purpose of this study is to explore the role of DcR3 in normal and preeclamptic pregnancies. MATERIALS AND METHODS Plasma samples from 104 normal pregnant women (26, 42, and 36 in the first, second, and third trimester, respectively) and 10 patients with preeclampsia in the third trimester were collected. Plasma DcR3 levels were determined by using commercial ELISA kits. ANOVA and linear regression analysis were performed to analyze the relationship between gestational age and DcR3 levels. After adjusting for gestational days, the levels of plasma DcR3 in preeclamptic and non-preeclamptic women in the third trimester were compared. RESULTS The plasma levels of DcR3 gradually decreased as the gestational days increased during pregnancy (p < 0.05). In the third trimester, pregnant women with preeclampsia had significantly lower plasma DcR3 levels compared to non-preeclamptic women (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS We found that plasma DcR3 levels gradually decreased as gestation progressed. The levels of plasma DcR3 in preeclamptic women were significantly lower than those of normal pregnant women, suggesting that a potential involvement of DcR3 in normal pregnancy and decreased levels of DcR3 may be related to preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Ching Yeh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jie Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Hsiao-Wen Tsai
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Fen Lo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Nursing, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shie-Liang Hsieh
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Peng-Hui Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
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14
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Islam MO, Selvam P, Appukuttan Pillai R, Watkins OC, Chan SY. An enzymatic assay for quantification of inositol in human term placental tissue. Anal Biochem 2019; 586:113409. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2019.113409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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15
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He C, Shan N, Xu P, Ge H, Yuan Y, Liu Y, Zhang P, Wen L, Zhang F, Xiong L, Peng C, Qi H, Tong C, Baker PN. Hypoxia-induced Downregulation of SRC-3 Suppresses Trophoblastic Invasion and Migration Through Inhibition of the AKT/mTOR Pathway: Implications for the Pathogenesis of Preeclampsia. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10349. [PMID: 31316078 PMCID: PMC6637123 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46699-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is characterized by poor placentation, consequent on aberrant extravillous trophoblast (EVT) cell function during placental development. The SRC family of proteins is important during pregnancy, especially SRC-3, which regulates placental morphogenesis and embryo survival. Although SRC-3 expression in mouse trophoblast giant cells has been documented, its role in the functional regulation of extravillous trophoblasts and the development of PE remains unknown. This study found that SRC-3 expression was significantly lower in placentas from PE pregnancies as compared to uncomplicated pregnancies. Additionally, both CoCl2-mimicked hypoxia and suppression of endogenous SRC-3 expression by lentivirus short hairpin RNA attenuated the migration and invasion abilities of HTR-8/SVneo cells. Moreover, we demonstrated that SRC-3 physically interacts with AKT to regulate the migration and invasion of HTR-8 cells, via the AKT/mTOR pathway. We also found that the inhibition of HTR-8 cell migration and invasion by CoCl2-mimicked hypoxia was through the SRC-3/AKT/mTOR axis. Our findings indicate that, in early gestation, accumulation of HIF-1α inhibits the expression of SRC-3, which impairs extravillous trophoblastic invasion and migration by directly interacting with AKT. This potentially leads to insufficient uterine spiral artery remodeling and placental hypoperfusion, and thus the development of PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengjin He
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.,International Collaborative Joint Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.,State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Nan Shan
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.,International Collaborative Joint Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.,State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Ping Xu
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.,International Collaborative Joint Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.,State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Huisheng Ge
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.,International Collaborative Joint Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.,State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yu Yuan
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.,International Collaborative Joint Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.,State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yangming Liu
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.,International Collaborative Joint Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.,State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Pu Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Li Wen
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.,International Collaborative Joint Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.,State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Fumei Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.,International Collaborative Joint Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.,State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Liling Xiong
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.,International Collaborative Joint Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.,State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Chuan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Hongbo Qi
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China. .,International Collaborative Joint Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Chao Tong
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China. .,International Collaborative Joint Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Philip N Baker
- International Collaborative Joint Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.,Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.,College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
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16
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Maternal Choline Supplementation Modulates Placental Markers of Inflammation, Angiogenesis, and Apoptosis in a Mouse Model of Placental Insufficiency. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11020374. [PMID: 30759768 PMCID: PMC6412879 DOI: 10.3390/nu11020374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Dlx3 (distal-less homeobox 3) haploinsufficiency in mice has been shown to result in restricted fetal growth and placental defects. We previously showed that maternal choline supplementation (4X versus 1X choline) in the Dlx3+/− mouse increased fetal and placental growth in mid-gestation. The current study sought to test the hypothesis that prenatal choline would modulate indicators of placenta function and development. Pregnant Dlx3+/− mice consuming 1X (control), 2X, or 4X choline from conception were sacrificed at embryonic (E) days E10.5, E12.5, E15.5, and E18.5, and placentas and embryos were harvested. Data were analyzed separately for each gestational day controlling for litter size, fetal genotype (except for models including only +/− pups), and fetal sex (except when data were stratified by this variable). 4X choline tended to increase (p < 0.1) placental labyrinth size at E10.5 and decrease (p < 0.05) placental apoptosis at E12.5. Choline supplementation decreased (p < 0.05) expression of pro-angiogenic genes Eng (E10.5, E12.5, and E15.5), and Vegf (E12.5, E15.5); and pro-inflammatory genes Il1b (at E15.5 and 18.5), Tnfα (at E12.5) and Nfκb (at E15.5) in a fetal sex-dependent manner. These findings provide support for a modulatory effect of maternal choline supplementation on biomarkers of placental function and development in a mouse model of placental insufficiency.
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17
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Chang WS, Lin LT, Hsu LC, Tang PL, Tsui KH, Wang PH. Maternal pregnancy-induced hypertension increases the subsequent risk of transient tachypnea of the newborn: A nationwide population-based cohort study. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2018; 57:546-550. [PMID: 30122576 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2018.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the association between pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) and transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN) and to identify the predictive risk factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS Pregnant women with a newly diagnosed PIH (between 2000 and 2013) from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) were compared with a matched (with respect to age and year of delivery) cohort of pregnant women without PIH. The occurrence of TTN was evaluated in both cohorts. RESULTS Among the 23.3 million individuals registered in the NHIRD, 29,013 patients with PIH and 116,052 matched controls were identified. According to a multivariate analysis, PIH (odds ratio [OR] = 1.85, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.69-2.03, p < 0.0001), age ≥ 30 years (OR = 1.38, 95% CI = 1.26-1.51, p < 0.0001), primiparity (OR = 1.37, 95% CI = 1.24-1.5, p < 0.0001), preterm birth (OR = 3.4, 95% CI = 3.09-3.75, p < 0.0001), multiple births (OR = 2.54, 95% CI = 2.24-2.89, p < 0.0001), and cesarean section (OR = 1.71, 95% CI = 1.56-1.88, p < 0.0001) were independent risk factors for the development of TTN. CONCLUSION Women with PIH have an increased risk of having infants who develop TTN compared with those without PIH. Additionally, age ≥30 years, primiparity, preterm birth, multiple births, and cesarean section were independent risk factors for the development of TTN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Shan Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Te Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Nursing, Shu-Zen Junior College of Medicine and Management, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Chuan Hsu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ling Tang
- Research Center of Medical Informatics, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Nursing, Meiho University, Ping-Tung, Taiwan; College of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Hao Tsui
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pharmacy and Graduate Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Tajen University, Pingtung County, Taiwan.
| | - Peng-Hui Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
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18
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Mathew H, Castracane VD, Mantzoros C. Adipose tissue and reproductive health. Metabolism 2018; 86:18-32. [PMID: 29155136 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The understanding of adipose tissue role has evolved from that of a depot energy storage organ to a dynamic endocrine organ. While genetics, sexual phenotype and sex steroids can impact the mass and distribution of adipose tissue, there is a counter-influence of white adipocytes on reproduction. This primarily occurs via the secretion of adipokines, the most studied of which- leptin and adiponectin- are highlighted in this article. Leptin, the "satiety hormone" primarily acts on the hypothalamus via pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC), neuropeptide Y (NPY), and agouti-related peptide (AgRP) neurons to translate acute changes in nutrition and energy expenditure, as well as chronic adipose accumulation into changes in appetite and potentially mediate insulin resistance via shared pathway and notably impacting reproductive health via influence on GnRH secreting neurons. Meanwhile, adiponectin is notable for its action in mediating insulin sensitivity, with receptors found at every level of the reproductive axis. Both have been examined in the context of physiologic and pathologic reproductive conditions. Leptin has been shown to influence puberty, pregnancy, hypothalamic amenorrhea, and lipodystrophy, and with a potential therapeutic role for both metabolic and reproductive health. Adiponectin mediates the relative state of insulin resistance in pregnancy, and has been implicated in conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome and reproductive malignancies. There are numerous other adipokines, including resistin, visfatin, chemerin and retinol binding protein-4, which may also play roles in reproductive health and disease states. The continued examination of these and other adipokines in both normal reproduction and reproductive pathologies represents an important avenue for continued study. Here, we seek to provide a broad, yet comprehensive overview of many facets of these relationships and highlight areas of consideration for clinicians and future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Mathew
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Weight Management, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - V Daniel Castracane
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Odessa, TX, USA
| | - Christos Mantzoros
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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19
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Muralimanoharan S, Kwak YT, Mendelson CR. Redox-Sensitive Transcription Factor NRF2 Enhances Trophoblast Differentiation via Induction of miR-1246 and Aromatase. Endocrinology 2018; 159:2022-2033. [PMID: 29546425 PMCID: PMC5905392 DOI: 10.1210/en.2017-03024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of human trophoblast invasion and differentiation with placental hypoxia can result in preeclampsia, a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy. Herein, we characterized the role and regulation of miR-1246, which is markedly induced during human syncytiotrophoblast differentiation. miR-1246 targets GSK3β and AXIN2, inhibitors of WNT/β-catenin signaling, which is crucial for placental development, and is predicted to target JARID2, which promotes silencing of developmentally regulated genes. Human cytotrophoblasts cultured in 20% O2 spontaneously differentiate to syncytiotrophoblast with induction of hCYP191A/aromatase, a marker of differentiation. miR-1246 was induced >150-fold during syncytiotrophoblast differentiation in 20% O2, whereas targets-GSK3β, AXIN2, and JARID2-were significantly decreased. However, when cytotrophoblasts were cultured in 2% O2, miR-1246 and aromatase induction were prevented. miR-1246 was significantly decreased in placentas of women with severe preeclampsia, whereas AXIN2, GSK3β, and JARID2 were increased, compared with normotensive subjects. To identify factors that regulate miR-1246, we investigated the redox-regulated transcription factor NRF2, which has predicted binding sites in the miR-1246 promoter. Intriguingly, NRF2 messenger RNA was upregulated during syncytiotrophoblast differentiation and significantly reduced by hypoxia and in preeclamptic placentas. Moreover, NRF2 knockdown in cytotrophoblasts inhibited induction of miR-1246 and hCYP19A1, as well as transcription factors C/EBPβ and PPARγ, which are implicated in placental differentiation. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, we found that binding of endogenous NRF2 to the miR-1246 and hCYP191A promoters increased during syncytiotrophoblast differentiation. Thus, NRF2 promotes syncytiotrophoblast differentiation by inducing C/EBPβ, PPARγ, hCYP19A1, and miR-1246, which targets WNT inhibitors and JARID2 and is dysregulated in preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Youn-Tae Kwak
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Carole R Mendelson
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- North Texas March of Dimes Birth Defects Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- Correspondence: Carole R. Mendelson, PhD, Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390. E-mail:
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20
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Tskhay VB, Kovtun NM, Schindler AE. Successful prevention of preeclampsia in a high-risk pregnancy using progestogen dydrogesterone: a clinical case. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2016; 27:85-8. [PMID: 27383893 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2016-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The presented clinical example convincingly demonstrates the efficacy of dydrogesterone (30 mg) in the prevention of severe preeclampsia in a high-risk patient (early development of preeclampsia and preterm Cesarean section in her first pregnancy, arterial hypertension). This case suggests using dydrogesterone as an option to prevent preeclampsia, as previously shown in a prospective randomized study.
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21
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Sones JL, Davisson RL. Preeclampsia, of mice and women. Physiol Genomics 2016; 48:565-72. [PMID: 27260843 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00125.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is a devastating disorder of pregnancy that affects up to 8% of pregnant women in the United States. The diagnosis of PE is made by the presentation of new-onset hypertension, ≥140 mmHg systolic blood pressure (BP) or ≥90 mmHg diastolic BP, and either proteinuria or another accompanying sign/symptom, such as renal insufficiency, thrombocytopenia, hepatic dysfunction, pulmonary edema, or cerebral/visual. These signs can occur suddenly and without warning. PE that presents before 34 wk of gestation is considered early onset and carries a greater risk for perinatal morbidity/mortality than late-onset PE that occurs at or after 34 wk of gestation. At this time there is no cure for PE, and the only effective treatment is delivery of the baby and placenta. If allowed to progress to eclampsia (PE with neurologic involvement), seizures will occur and possibly death through stroke. PE also carries the risk of significant fetal and neonatal morbidity/mortality in addition to long-term health risks for mother and child. Despite significant research efforts to accurately predict, diagnose, and treat PE, a cure eludes us. Elucidating the pathophysiological mechanisms that can cause PE will aid in our ability to accurately prevent, manage, and treat PE to avoid maternal and fetal losses. Intense research efforts are focused on PE, and the mouse has proven to be a useful animal model for investigating molecular mechanisms that may hold the key to unraveling the mysteries of PE in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny L Sones
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana; and
| | - Robin L Davisson
- Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York; and Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
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The role of nitric oxide in the outgrowth of trophoblast cells on human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2016; 54:227-31. [PMID: 26166331 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2013.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Embryo implantation is a complex process that requires coordinated trophoblast-endometrial interactions. Previous studies demonstrated that the identification of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in trophoblast cells and the remodeling of the implantation process by nitric oxide (NO) support the important role of NO during implantation. However, the role of NO in trophoblast-endometrial interactions is unclear and is therefore examined in this study. MATERIALS AND METHODS We cocultured BeWo trophoblast spheroids with human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) monolayers to mimic the trophoblast-endometrial interaction. N(ω)-Nitro-l-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (l-NAME), a competitive inhibitor of NOS, and sodium nitroprusside (SNP), an NO donor, were used to test the role of NO in the trophoblast-endometrial interaction. RESULTS l-NAME diminished spheroid expansion on HUVEC monolayers in a concentration-dependent manner (p < 0.05). However, trophoblast spreading on HUVEC-free culture surfaces was unaffected by l-NAME treatment (p > 0.05). Significant suppression of spheroid expansion was found at the higher dose (1mM) of SNP (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION NO may be needed in the process of implantation, and an adequate but not overly NO-containing environment might be an important factor for successful implantation. This finding is worthy of further investigation.
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Sones JL, Cha J, Woods AK, Bartos A, Heyward CY, Lob HE, Isroff CE, Butler SD, Shapiro SE, Dey SK, Davisson RL. Decidual Cox2 inhibition improves fetal and maternal outcomes in a preeclampsia-like mouse model. JCI Insight 2016; 1:75351. [PMID: 27159542 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.75351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is a disorder of pregnancy that manifests as late gestational maternal hypertension and proteinuria and can be life-threatening to both the mother and baby. It is believed that abnormal placentation is responsible for the cascade of events leading to the maternal syndrome. Embryo implantation is critical to establishing a healthy pregnancy. Defective implantation can cause adverse "ripple effects," leading to abnormal decidualization and placentation, retarded fetal development, and poor pregnancy outcomes, such as PE and fetal growth restriction. The precise mechanism(s) of implantation defects that lead to PE remain elusive. BPH/5 mice, which spontaneously develop the cardinal features of PE, show peri-implantation defects including upregulation of Cox2 and IL-15 at the maternal-fetal interface. This was associated with decreased decidual natural killer (dNK) cells, which have important roles in establishing placental perfusion. Interestingly, a single administration of a Cox2 inhibitor (celecoxib) during decidualization restrained Cox2 and IL-15 expression, restored dNK cell numbers, improved fetal growth, and attenuated late gestational hypertension in BPH/5 female mice. This study provides evidence that decidual overexpression of Cox2 and IL-15 may trigger the adverse pregnancy outcomes reflected in the preeclamptic syndrome, underscoring the idea that Cox2 inhibitor treatment is an effective strategy for the prevention of PE-associated fetal and maternal morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny L Sones
- Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA.,Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Jeeyeon Cha
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Ashley K Woods
- Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Amanda Bartos
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Christa Y Heyward
- Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Heinrich E Lob
- Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Catherine E Isroff
- Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Scott D Butler
- Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Stephanie E Shapiro
- Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Sudhansu K Dey
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Robin L Davisson
- Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA.,Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
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Omotayo MO, Dickin KL, O'Brien KO, Neufeld LM, De Regil LM, Stoltzfus RJ. Calcium Supplementation to Prevent Preeclampsia: Translating Guidelines into Practice in Low-Income Countries. Adv Nutr 2016; 7:275-8. [PMID: 26980810 PMCID: PMC4785477 DOI: 10.3945/an.115.010736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The WHO issued a strong recommendation that pregnant women be provided calcium supplements to prevent preeclampsia. This is the first recommended nutritional intervention to prevent this condition, a leading cause of maternal mortality globally. As health systems seek to implement this new intervention, a number of issues require further clarification and guidance, including dosage regimen, supplement formulation, and alignment with other antenatal nutritional interventions. We summarize key evidence on the above points and offer our views on good practices. Most developing countries have low calcium intake, so where habitual calcium intake is unknown, calcium supplements are likely beneficial. In our view, policymakers and program planners should consider adopting doses between 1.0 and 1.5 g elemental calcium/d, depending on the local average and variation in dietary calcium intake, logistical feasibility, and acceptability in the target population. Prudent practice would entail daily administration as calcium carbonate administered in divided doses of not >500 mg elemental calcium per dose. For ease of prescribing and adherence, calcium [as with iron and folic acid (IFA)] should be administered routinely to pregnant women from the earliest contact in pregnancy until delivery. Calcium's acute inhibitory effect on iron absorption translates to minimal effects in clinical studies. Therefore, to simplify the regimen and facilitate adherence, providers should not counsel that calcium and IFA pills must be taken separately. Although further research will shed more light on clinical and programmatic issues, policies can be implemented with ongoing revision as we continue to learn what works to improve maternal and newborn health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Luz Maria De Regil
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY; Micronutrients Initiative, Ottawa, Canada
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Omotayo MO, Dickin KL, Chapleau GM, Martin SL, Chang C, Mwanga EO, Kung'u JK, Stoltzfus RJ. Cluster-Randomized Non-Inferiority Trial to Compare Supplement Consumption and Adherence to Different Dosing Regimens for Antenatal Calcium and Iron-Folic Acid Supplementation to Prevent Preeclampsia and Anaemia: Rationale and Design of the Micronutrient Initiative Study. J Public Health Res 2015; 4:582. [PMID: 26751372 PMCID: PMC4693340 DOI: 10.4081/jphr.2015.582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: To prevent pre-eclampsia in populations with insufficient dietary calcium (Ca) intake, the World Health Organisation (WHO) recommends routine Ca supplementation during antenatal care (ANC). WHO guidelines suggest a complex dosing regimen, requiring as many as 5 pill-taking events per day when combined with iron and folic acid (IFA) supplements. Poor adherence may undermine public health effectiveness, so simpler regimens may be preferable. This trial will compare the effect of the WHO-recommended (higher-dose) regimen vs. a simpler, lower-dose regimen on supplement consumption and pill-taking behaviours in Kenyan ANC clients. Design and methods: This is a parallel, non-inferiority, cluster-randomized trial; we examined 16 primary care health facilities in Kenya, 1047 pregnant women between 16-30 weeks gestational age. Higher-dose regimen: 1.5 g elemental calcium in 3 separate doses (500 mg Ca/pill) and IFA (60 mg Fe + 400 µg folic acid) taken with evening dose. Lower-dose regimen: 1.0 g calcium in 2 separate doses (500 mg Ca/pill) with IFA taken as above. Measurements: Primary outcome is Ca pills consumed per day, measured by pill counts. Secondary outcomes include IFA pills consumed per day, client knowledge, motivation, social support, and satisfaction, measured at 4 to 10 weeks post-enrolment. Statistical analyses: Unit of randomization is the healthcare facility; unit of analysis is individual client. Intent-to-treat analysis will be implemented with multi-level models to account for clustering. Expected public health impact: If pregnant women prescribed lower doses of Ca ingest as many pills as women prescribed the WHO-recommended regimen, developing a lower-dose recommendation for antenatal Ca and IFA supplementation programs could save resources. Significance for public health Pre-eclampsia is a leading cause of maternal mortality. Based on clinical evidence of significant reduction in risk of pre-eclampsia, the WHO recommends including calcium (Ca) supplementation in antenatal care services in settings with inadequate dietary Ca intakes. A high daily amount of Ca administered in a complex dosing regimen is recommended to maximize efficacy and bioavailability. Factors such as client adherence, motivation, cost and logistical complexities may undermine effectiveness when implemented in public health programs. This cluster-randomized trial will compare Ca supplement consumption between higher and lower-dose regimens delivered through antenatal care in Kenya, integrated with iron-folic acid supplementation. If a lower-dose regimen improves adherence, women’s Ca supplement consumption may be comparable to that achieved under a complex, higher-dose regimen. Evidence gained from this trial will guide public health planning for antenatal calcium supplementation programs to maximize benefits through reducing logistical, cost and adherence barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moshood O Omotayo
- Program in International Nutrition, Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University , Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Katherine L Dickin
- Program in International Nutrition, Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University , Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Gina M Chapleau
- Program in International Nutrition, Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University , Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Stephanie L Martin
- Program in International Nutrition, Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University , Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Christopher Chang
- Program in International Nutrition, Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University , Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Erick O Mwanga
- Malava Sub-county Health Management Team, Ministry of Health , Kakamega County, Kenya
| | | | - Rebecca J Stoltzfus
- Program in International Nutrition, Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University , Ithaca, NY, USA
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Perez-Sepulveda A, Monteiro LJ, Dobierzewska A, España-Perrot PP, Venegas-Araneda P, Guzmán-Rojas AM, González MI, Palominos-Rivera M, Irarrazabal CE, Figueroa-Diesel H, Varas-Godoy M, Illanes SE. Placental Aromatase Is Deficient in Placental Ischemia and Preeclampsia. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139682. [PMID: 26444006 PMCID: PMC4596497 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Preeclampsia is a maternal hypertensive disorder with uncertain etiology and a leading cause of maternal and fetal mortality worldwide, causing nearly 40% of premature births delivered before 35 weeks of gestation. The first stage of preeclampsia is characterized by reduction of utero-placental blood flow which is reflected in high blood pressure and proteinuria during the second half of pregnancy. In human placenta androgens derived from the maternal and fetal adrenal glands are converted into estrogens by the enzymatic action of placental aromatase. This implies that alterations in placental steroidogenesis and, subsequently, in the functionality or bioavailability of placental aromatase may be mechanistically involved in the pathophysiology of PE. Methods Serum samples were collected at 32–36 weeks of gestation and placenta biopsies were collected at time of delivery from PE patients (n = 16) and pregnant controls (n = 32). The effect of oxygen tension on placental cells was assessed by incubation JEG–3 cells under 1% and 8% O2 for different time periods, Timed-mated, pregnant New Zealand white rabbits (n = 6) were used to establish an in vivo model of placental ischemia (achieved by ligature of uteroplacental vessels). Aromatase content and estrogens and androgens concentrations were measured. Results The protein and mRNA content of placental aromatase significantly diminished in placentae obtained from preeclamptic patients compared to controls. Similarly, the circulating concentrations of 17-β-estradiol/testosterone and estrone/androstenedione were reduced in preeclamptic patients vs. controls. These data are consistent with a concomitant decrease in aromatase activity. Aromatase content was reduced in response to low oxygen tension in the choriocarcinoma JEG–3 cell line and in rabbit placentae in response to partial ligation of uterine spiral arteries, suggesting that reduced placental aromatase activity in preeclamptic patients may be associated with chronic placental ischemia and hypoxia later in gestation. Conclusions Placental aromatase expression and functionality are diminished in pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia in comparison with healthy pregnant controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Perez-Sepulveda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lara J. Monteiro
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Aneta Dobierzewska
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pedro P. España-Perrot
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pía Venegas-Araneda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandra M. Guzmán-Rojas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - María I. González
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Macarena Palominos-Rivera
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos E. Irarrazabal
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Horacio Figueroa-Diesel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago, Chile
- Perinatal Unit, Clínica Dávila, Santiago, Chile
| | - Manuel Varas-Godoy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sebastián E. Illanes
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago, Chile
- Perinatal Unit, Clínica Dávila, Santiago, Chile
- * E-mail:
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Zhuang B, Luo X, Rao H, Li Q, Shan N, Liu X, Qi H. Oxidative stress-induced C/EBPβ inhibits β-catenin signaling molecule involving in the pathology of preeclampsia. Placenta 2015; 36:839-46. [PMID: 26166436 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2015.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Oxidative stress-induced trophoblast cell dysfunction is a major pathology in preeclampsia (PE). Recently, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein beta (C/EBPβ) has been investigated as a tumor suppressor that participates in tumor invasion. However, the function of C/EBPβ in trophoblast cells remains unknown. Our study was designed to detect the expression of C/EBPβ in the preeclamptic placenta and to identify the underlying mechanisms of oxidative stress. METHODS Human placental tissues with PE were collected. The expression of C/EBPβ and β-catenin were detected. Human first trimester extravillous trophoblast cell (HTR8/SVneo) line exposed to hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) was employed as an oxidative stress model in vitro to investigate the effects of C/EBPβ on invasion and the expression of β-catenin. Moreover, first trimester-derived placental villous explants were used to verify the effects of C/EBPβ and β-catenin in placentation. RESULTS In preeclamptic placentas, C/EBPβ was overexpressed and β-catenin was decreased. In addition, C/EBPβ was found to have increased expression in H/R-treated HTR8/SVneo cells and villous explants. C/EBPβ knockdown and β-catenin activation could significantly promote the invasion of HTR8/SVneo cells, enhance the outgrowth and migration in villous explants and inhibit the excessive generation of intracellular ROS. These findings might be related to the increased activities of MMP-2/9 and the decreased expression of TIMP-1/2. Meanwhile, C/EBPβ knockdown remarkably increased the expression of β-catenin. DISCUSSION We hypothesize that the oxidative stress-induced overexpression of C/EBPβ might influence the activity of MMPs by regulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway to affect the invasion of trophoblast cells, which then participate in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Zhuang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Yixue Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - X Luo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Yixue Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - H Rao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Yixue Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Q Li
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Yixue Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - N Shan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Yixue Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - X Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Yixue Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - H Qi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Yixue Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China.
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Placental trophoblast cell differentiation: Physiological regulation and pathological relevance to preeclampsia. Mol Aspects Med 2013; 34:981-1023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2012.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Revised: 12/01/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Shimodaira M, Nakayama T, Sato I, Sato N, Izawa N, Mizutani Y, Furuya K, Yamamoto T. Glucocorticoid synthesis-related genes: HSD11B1 and HSD11B2 in hypertensive disorders in pregnancy. Gynecol Endocrinol 2013; 29:657-61. [PMID: 23659736 DOI: 10.3109/09513590.2013.788623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether polymorphisms of the maternal glucocorticoid-related genes (HSD11B1 and HSD11B2) are associated with pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) in a haplotype-based case-control study. METHODS A total of 166 PIH patients and 222 age-matched controls were genotyped, with two single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for the HSD11B1 gene (rs2235543 and rs846910) and three SNPs for the HSD11B2 gene (rs12920590, rs45483293 and rs3743729) used as genetic markers. After separation into preeclampsia (PE) and gestational hypertension (GH) subgroups, PIH patients were assessed. RESULTS Significant differences were noted between PE and control groups (p = 0.022, p = 0.034, respectively) for the frequency of genotypes and alleles for rs846910 of HSD11B1. The frequency of the AA genotype of rs846910 was significantly higher in PIH and PE groups compared to controls. Logistic regression analyses showed that this genotype was a risk factor for PIH and PE (adjusted OR 2.9, 95% CI 1.3-6.5 and adjusted OR 3.2, 95% CI 1.4-7.4, respectively). The frequency of the T-A haplotype established by rs2235543-rs846910 was also significantly higher in PIH and PE groups (p = 0.045, p = 0.042, respectively). CONCLUSION rs846910 in the HSD11B1 gene could be a marker for hypertensive disorders during pregnancy. The T-A haplotype constructed by rs2235543-rs846910 was also a useful susceptibility marker for PIH and PE.
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Angelidis G, Dafopoulos K, Messini CI, Valotassiou V, Tsikouras P, Vrachnis N, Psimadas D, Georgoulias P, Messinis IE. The Emerging Roles of Adiponectin in Female Reproductive System-Associated Disorders and Pregnancy. Reprod Sci 2012; 20:872-81. [DOI: 10.1177/1933719112468954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- George Angelidis
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical School, University of Thessalia, Larissa, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Dafopoulos
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, University of Thessalia, Larissa, Greece
| | - Christina I. Messini
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, University of Thessalia, Larissa, Greece
| | - Varvara Valotassiou
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical School, University of Thessalia, Larissa, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Tsikouras
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Vrachnis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, National and Kapodestrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Psimadas
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical School, University of Thessalia, Larissa, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Georgoulias
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical School, University of Thessalia, Larissa, Greece
| | - Ioannis E. Messinis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, University of Thessalia, Larissa, Greece
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Aksornphusitaphong A, Phupong V. Risk factors of early and late onset pre-eclampsia. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2012; 39:627-31. [PMID: 23107382 DOI: 10.1111/j.1447-0756.2012.02010.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2012] [Accepted: 07/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to identify the differences in risk factors between early and late onset pre-eclampsia. MATERIAL AND METHODS A case-control study was carried out involving pregnancies with pre-eclampsia (152 early onset and 297 late onset) and 449 controls at King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand between 1 January 2005 and 31 December 2010. The data were reviewed from antenatal and delivery records. RESULTS Factors which were significantly associated with increased risk for both early and late onset pre-eclampsia were family history of diabetes mellitus, high pre-pregnancy body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m(2) and weight gain ≥ 0.5 kg per week. History of chronic hypertension (odds ratio 4.4; 95% confidence interval 2.1-9.3) was significantly associated with increased risk for only early onset pre-eclampsia, while family history of chronic hypertension (odds ratio 18; 95% confidence interval 6-54) was significantly associated with increased risk for only late onset pre-eclampsia. CONCLUSIONS The risk factors that differ between early and late onset of pre-eclampsia were history of chronic hypertension and family history of chronic hypertension. Family history of diabetes mellitus, pre-pregnancy body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m(2) and weight gain ≥ 0.5 kg per week were risk factors of both early and late onset pre-eclampsia. These risk factors are of value to obstetricians in identifying patients at risk for pre-eclampsia and in implementing primary prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adisorn Aksornphusitaphong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Effects of low molecular weight heparins and unfractionated heparin on viability of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2012; 287:217-22. [DOI: 10.1007/s00404-012-2558-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Clark PA, Brown JL, Li S, Woods AK, Han L, Sones JL, Preston RL, Southard TL, Davisson RL, Roberson MS. Distal-less 3 haploinsufficiency results in elevated placental oxidative stress and altered fetal growth kinetics in the mouse. Placenta 2012; 33:830-8. [PMID: 22819041 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2012.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2012] [Revised: 06/18/2012] [Accepted: 06/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Distal-less 3 (Dlx3)(-/-) mice die at E9.5 presumably due to an abnormal placental phenotype including reduced placental vasculature and secretion of placental growth factor. To examine the role of Dlx3 specifically within the epiblast, Dlx3 conditional knockout mice were generated using an epiblast-specific Meox2(CreSor) allele. Dlx3(-/fl), Meox2(CreSor) animals were born at expected frequencies and survived to weaning providing indirect evidence that loss of Dlx3 within the trophoectoderm plays a critical role in fetal survival in the Dlx3(-/-) mouse. We next examined the hypothesis that loss of a single Dlx3 allele would have a negative impact on placental and fetal fitness. Dlx3(+/-) mice displayed reduced fetal growth beginning at E12.5 compared with Dlx3(+/+) controls. Altered fetal growth trajectory occurred coincident with elevated oxidative stress and apoptosis within Dlx3(+/-) placentas. Oral supplementation with the superoxide dismutase mimetic, Tempol, rescued the fetal growth and placental cell death phenotypes in Dlx3(+/-) mice. To determine the potential mechanisms associated with elevated oxidative stress on the Dlx3(+/-) placentas, we next examined vascular characteristics within the feto-placental unit. Studies revealed reduced maternal spiral artery luminal area in the Dlx3(+/-) mice receiving water; Dlx3(+/-) mice receiving Tempol displayed maternal spiral artery luminal area similar to control Dlx3(+/+) mice. We conclude that reduced Dlx3 gene dose results in diminished fetal fitness associated with elevated placental cell oxidative stress and apoptosis coincident with altered vascular remodeling. Administration of antioxidant therapy ameliorated this feto-placental phenotype, suggesting that Dlx3 may be required for adaptation to oxidative stresses within the intrauterine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Clark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, T4-018 Veterinary Research Tower, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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Su WH, Ho TY, Li YT, Lu CH, Lee WL, Wang PH. Metronomic therapy for gynecologic cancers. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2012; 51:167-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2012.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
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Associations of LINE-1 DNA Methylation with Preterm Birth in a Prospective Cohort Study. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2012; 3:173-181. [PMID: 22720130 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174412000104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Preterm birth affects over 12% of all infants born in the US yet the biology of early delivery remains unclear, including whether epigenetic mechanisms are involved. We examined associations of maternal and umbilical cord blood long interspersed nuclear element-1 (LINE-1) DNA methylation with length of gestation and odds of preterm birth in singleton pregnancies in Project Viva. In white blood cells from maternal blood during 1(st) trimester (n=914) and 2(nd) trimester (n=922), and from venous cord blood at delivery (n=557), we measured LINE-1 by pyrosequencing (expressed as %5 methyl cytosines within the LINE-1 region analyzed [%5mC]). We ran linear regression models to analyze differences in gestation length, and logistic models for odds of preterm birth (<37 v. ≥37 weeks gestation), across quartiles of LINE-1. Mean(SD) LINE-1 levels were 84.3(0.6), 84.5(0.4), and 84.6(0.7) %5mC for 1(st) trimester, 2(nd) trimester and cord blood, respectively. Mean(SD) gestational age was 39.5(1.8) weeks, and 6.5% of infants were born preterm. After adjustment for maternal age, race/ethnicity, BMI, education, smoking status, and fetal sex, women with the highest vs. lowest quartile of 1(st) trimester LINE-1 had longer gestations (0.45 weeks [95% CI 0.12, 0.78]) and lower odds of preterm birth (OR 0.40 [0.17, 0.94]), whereas associations with cord blood LINE-1 were in the opposite direction (-0.45 weeks, -0.83, -0.08) and (OR 4.55 [1.18, 17.5]). In conclusion, higher early pregnancy LINE-1 predicts lower risk of preterm birth. In contrast, preterm birth is associated with lower LINE-1 in cord blood.
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Abstract
Concerns exist about adequacy of vitamin D in pregnant women relative to both maternal and fetal adverse health outcomes. Further contributing to these concerns is the prevalence of inadequate and deficient vitamin D status in pregnant women, which ranges from 5 to 84% globally. Although maternal vitamin D metabolism changes during pregnancy, the mechanisms underlying these changes and the role of vitamin D during development are not well understood. Observational evidence links low maternal vitamin D status with an increased risk of non-bone health outcome in the mother (pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes, obstructed labour and infectious disease), the fetus (gestational duration) and the older offspring (developmental programming of type 1 diabetes, inflammatory and atopic disorders and schizophrenia); but the totality of the evidence is contradictory (except for maternal infectious disease and offspring inflammatory and atopic disorders), lacking causality and, thus, inconclusive. In addition, recent evidence links not only low but also high maternal vitamin D status with increased risk of small-for-gestational age and schizophrenia in the offspring. Rigorous and well-designed randomised clinical trials need to determine whether vitamin D has a causal role in non-bone health outcomes in pregnancy.
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Abstract
Concerns exist about the adequacy of vitamin D in pregnant and lactating women. This review assesses the evidence that maternal vitamin D status influences maternal, fetal, and breast-fed infant bone health; maternal adverse outcomes (preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, obstructed labor, and infectious disease); fetal adverse outcomes (growth, gestational age, and developmental programming); and infant adverse outcomes. The evidence for all of these outcomes is contradictory (except for maternal infectious disease) and lacking causality; thus, it is inconclusive. The 2011 Dietary Reference Intakes for vitamin D and their implications for assessing vitamin D status are discussed. An estimated 5% to 29% of American pregnant women may have inadequate vitamin D status, with the higher prevalence in African Americans. Little is known about the prevalence of inadequacy in American lactating women. Research needs are also identified, especially the need for rigorous and well-designed randomized clinical trials to determine the role of vitamin D in nonbone health outcomes in pregnancy and lactation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patsy M Brannon
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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Kandimalla BH, Sirjusingh A, Nayak BS, Maiya SS. Early antenatal serum lipid levels and the risk of pre-eclampsia in Trinidad and Tobago. Arch Physiol Biochem 2011; 117:215-21. [PMID: 21226541 DOI: 10.3109/13813455.2010.543137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the lipid levels in early pregnancy and the risk for pre-eclampsia in a Trinidad population. METHODS Prospective cohort study comprised 156 pregnant women attending antenatal clinic visits prior to 20 weeks at an average of 14 weeks. Blood samples were analysed for lipid levels. Of which 102 participants were followed until delivery and were monitored for pre-eclampsia. Data was analysed using univariate linear and stepwise logistic regression analysis. RESULTS In the study 11 women developed pre-eclampsia and 91 remained normal. Mean triglyceride levels were found significantly higher in the pre-eclampsia group (p = 0.001). Mean HDL levels were low and LDL/HDL ratios were high in pre-eclampsia group. Women with triglycerides above 130 mg/dL had increased risk of pre-eclampsia (adjusted OR 14.046; 95% CI 1.254-157.334) compared with those with triglycerides levels 91 mg/dL or less. CONCLUSION Increased serum triglyceride levels in early pregnancy before 20 weeks are associated with pre-eclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- B H Kandimalla
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mount Hope Women's Hospital, NCRHA,Trinidad
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JiangFeng F, Jiu YS, Wen ZZ, Ben L. The expression of Fas/FasL and apoptosis in yak placentomes. Anim Reprod Sci 2011; 128:107-16. [PMID: 22014664 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2011.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2011] [Revised: 09/08/2011] [Accepted: 09/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
To clarify the status and distribution of Fas and Fas-Ligand (FasL) in yak's placentomes, immunohistochemistry (IHC) was carried out to analyze the expression and location of Fas and FasL in paraffin embedded sections. The area of positive stained sites was selected and measured using image analyses software (Image Pro-Plus 6.0). So the positive index (PI) was calculated to estimate the intensity of protein expression according to the percentage of positive area in corresponding compartment of the placentomes. In cotyledonary villi, Fas mainly presented on the villous trophoblast cells in early pregnancy. The positive index reached a maximum of 20.7±8.8 at the third month of pregnancy. Then Fas was declined rapidly along with the progress of gestation and the value was 2.8±1.3 after the 7th month of pregnancy. However, in caruncular crypts, Fas was mainly localized to isolated cells or clustered cells of the uterine stroma underlying the caruncular epithelium. The intensity was lower and the positive index was changed between 4.7±0.9 and 8.5±1.6 throughout gestation. For FasL, it gave a distinct immunostained distribution. In cotyledonary villi, FasL was localized dominantly and strongly in the cytoplasm of binuclear, mononuclear and trinuclear trophoblast giant cells (TGC). The positive index of FasL maintained a moderate level all through the gestation. In caruncular crypts, the expression of FasL was weak and the positive index was declined. Only in the first two months, maternal uterine epithelial cells intensely expressed FasL and the index reached to the maximum of 19.8±5.2. The result of subcellular localization of Fas ligand using immunoelectron microscopy technology indicated that FasL was subcellular located in some intracellular vesicles of TGC. This means the vesicles of trophoblast giant cells itself can express FasL. By the TUNEL method, apoptosis was detected in yak placentomes. The amount of apoptotic cells was rare. The fetal chorionic trophoblast cells and caruncular crypt epithelium cells demonstrated higher percentage of apoptosis in middle pregnancy, which suggested that apoptosis plays an important role in placental cellular regeneration. In addition, the apoptosis of maternal caruncular stromal cells provides a local mechanism for maternal immunotolerance to the fetus and this mechanism was mediated by Fas-FasL pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan JiangFeng
- Academic of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, PR China
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VINNARS MARIETHERESE, NASIELL JOSEFINE, GHAZI SAM, WESTGREN MAGNUS, PAPADOGIANNAKIS NIKOS. The severity of clinical manifestations in preeclampsia correlates with the amount of placental infarction. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2010; 90:19-25. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0412.2010.01012.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Michalakis KG, Segars JH. The role of adiponectin in reproduction: from polycystic ovary syndrome to assisted reproduction. Fertil Steril 2010; 94:1949-57. [PMID: 20561616 PMCID: PMC3127205 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2010.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2009] [Revised: 05/10/2010] [Accepted: 05/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To summarize the effects of the adipokine adiponectin on the reproductive endocrine system, from the hypothalamic-pituitary axis to the gonads and target tissues of the reproductive system. DESIGN A Medline computer search was performed to identify relevant articles. SETTING Research institution. INTERVENTION(S) None. RESULT(S) Adiponectin is a hormone secreted by adipose tissue that acts to reduce insulin resistance and atherogenic damage, but it also exerts actions in other tissues. Adiponectin mediates its actions in the periphery mainly via two receptors, AdipoR1 and AdipoR2. Adiponectin receptors are present in many reproductive tissues, including the central nervous system, ovaries, oviduct, endometrium, and testes. Adiponectin influences gonadotropin release, normal pregnancy, and assisted reproduction outcomes. CONCLUSION(S) Adiponectin, a beneficial adipokine, represents a major link between obesity and reproduction. Higher levels of adiponectin are associated with improved menstrual function and better outcomes in assisted reproductive cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos G Michalakis
- Reproductive Biology and Medicine Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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López-Pulles R, González-Andrade F, Durán-Rodas M, Ayala J, Carrillo R, Buitrón LR, Chuga J, Moya W. Assessment of Genetic Contributions to Risk of Preeclampsia in Ecuadorian Women. Hypertens Pregnancy 2010; 29:410-8. [DOI: 10.3109/10641950903572258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Yang MJ, Wang PH. Peripartum hysterectomy risk factors in Taiwan. J Chin Med Assoc 2010; 73:399-400. [PMID: 20728849 DOI: 10.1016/s1726-4901(10)70086-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2010] [Accepted: 05/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Gastrich MD, Faro R, Rosen T. Markers of preeclampsia and the relationship to cardiovascular disease: review of the twenty-first century literature. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2010; 23:751-69. [DOI: 10.3109/14767058.2010.481316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Kafali H, Onaran YA, Keskin E, Sari U, Kirbas I. Ovarian vein thrombosis and mirror syndrome in association with sacrococcygeal teratoma. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2010; 65:452-5. [PMID: 20454506 PMCID: PMC2862666 DOI: 10.1590/s1807-59322010000400017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Kafali
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Fatih University Medical School - Çankaya/Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yüksel Arıkan Onaran
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Fatih University Medical School - Çankaya/Ankara, Turkey
| | - Esra Keskin
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Fatih University Medical School - Çankaya/Ankara, Turkey
| | - Umut Sari
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Fatih University Medical School - Çankaya/Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ismail Kirbas
- Radiology Department, Fatih University Medical School - Çankaya/Ankara, Turkey.,
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Prolactin fragmentation by trophoblastic matrix metalloproteinases as a possible contributor to peripartum cardiomyopathy and pre-eclampsia. Med Hypotheses 2009; 74:348-52. [PMID: 19748190 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2009.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2009] [Accepted: 08/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Although peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is a rare disease, it has very serious consequences for both mother and child. No single cause has been held responsible for the pathogenesis. Recent studies have indicated that increased proteolytic cathepsin D activity in cardiomyocytes results in16kDa prolactin fragments with anti-angiogenic and apoptotic properties, which may contribute to the development of PPCM. In support of these findings, lowering full-length prolactin production by bromocriptine therapy has been reported to prevent impairment of cardiac function. PPCM is associated with an increased co-existence of pre-eclampsia, however, a causal relationship has been disputed. We hypothesize that the pathophysiology of PPCM and pre-eclampsia share the same molecular pathway: increased activity of trophoblastic matrix metalloproteinases at the feto-maternal interface may aggravate proteolysis of full-length prolactin, and subsequently the formed 16kDa prolactin fragments may contribute to deterioration of PPCM and pre-eclampsia. Therefore, we argue that it may be worthwhile to explore wether prolactin inhibition is not only beneficial for PPCM patients, but also for the much more prevalent pre-eclamptic women.
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