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Tomaskovic-Crook E, Crook JM. 3D Bioprinting Electrically Conductive Bioink with Human Neural Stem Cells for Human Neural Tissues. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2140:159-170. [PMID: 32207111 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0520-2_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Bioprinting cells with an electrically conductive bioink provides an opportunity to produce three-dimensional (3D) cell-laden constructs with the option of electrically stimulating cells in situ during and after tissue development. We and others have demonstrated the use of electrical stimulation (ES) to influence cell behavior and function for a more biomimetic approach to tissue engineering. Here, we detail a previously published method for 3D printing an electrically conductive bioink with human neural stem cells (hNSCs) that are subsequently differentiated. The differentiated tissue constructs comprise functional neurons and supporting neuroglia and are amenable to ES for the purposeful modulation of neural activity. Importantly, the method could be adapted to fabricate and stimulate neural and nonneural tissues from other cell types, with the potential to be applied for both research- and clinical-product development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Tomaskovic-Crook
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, AIIM Facility, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.
| | - Jeremy M Crook
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, AIIM Facility, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.
- Department of Surgery, St. Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia.
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2
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Huang D, Zhang X, Fu X, Zu Y, Sun W, Zhao Y. Liver spheroids on chips as emerging platforms for drug screening. ENGINEERED REGENERATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.engreg.2021.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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Antill-O'Brien N, Bourke J, O'Connell CD. Layer-By-Layer: The Case for 3D Bioprinting Neurons to Create Patient-Specific Epilepsy Models. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 12:E3218. [PMID: 31581436 PMCID: PMC6804258 DOI: 10.3390/ma12193218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The ability to create three-dimensional (3D) models of brain tissue from patient-derived cells, would open new possibilities in studying the neuropathology of disorders such as epilepsy and schizophrenia. While organoid culture has provided impressive examples of patient-specific models, the generation of organised 3D structures remains a challenge. 3D bioprinting is a rapidly developing technology where living cells, encapsulated in suitable bioink matrices, are printed to form 3D structures. 3D bioprinting may provide the capability to organise neuronal populations in 3D, through layer-by-layer deposition, and thereby recapitulate the complexity of neural tissue. However, printing neuron cells raises particular challenges since the biomaterial environment must be of appropriate softness to allow for the neurite extension, properties which are anathema to building self-supporting 3D structures. Here, we review the topic of 3D bioprinting of neurons, including critical discussions of hardware and bio-ink formulation requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Antill-O'Brien
- BioFab3D, Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia.
| | - Justin Bourke
- BioFab3D, Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia.
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.
- Department of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia.
| | - Cathal D O'Connell
- BioFab3D, Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia.
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.
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4
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Liu S, Gao Y, Zhou D, Zeng M, Alshehri F, Newland B, Lyu J, O'Keeffe-Ahern J, Greiser U, Guo T, Zhang F, Wang W. Highly branched poly(β-amino ester) delivery of minicircle DNA for transfection of neurodegenerative disease related cells. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3307. [PMID: 31341171 PMCID: PMC6656726 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11190-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Current therapies for most neurodegenerative disorders are only symptomatic in nature and do not change the course of the disease. Gene therapy plays an important role in disease modifying therapeutic strategies. Herein, we have designed and optimized a series of highly branched poly(β-amino ester)s (HPAEs) containing biodegradable disulfide units in the HPAE backbone (HPAESS) and guanidine moieties (HPAESG) at the extremities. The optimized polymers are used to deliver minicircle DNA to multipotent adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs) and astrocytes, and high transfection efficiency is achieved (77% in human ADSCs and 52% in primary astrocytes) whilst preserving over 90% cell viability. Furthermore, the top-performing candidate mediates high levels of nerve growth factor (NGF) secretion from astrocytes, causing neurite outgrowth from a model neuron cell line. This synergistic gene delivery system provides a viable method for highly efficient non-viral transfection of ADSCs and astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Liu
- Charles Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, 4, Dublin, Ireland
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Yongsheng Gao
- Charles Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, 4, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Dezhong Zhou
- Charles Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, 4, Dublin, Ireland.
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710049, Xi'an, China.
| | - Ming Zeng
- Charles Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, 4, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Fatma Alshehri
- Charles Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, 4, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ben Newland
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, CF103AT, Cardiff, UK
| | - Jing Lyu
- Charles Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, 4, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jonathan O'Keeffe-Ahern
- Charles Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, 4, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Udo Greiser
- Charles Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, 4, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Tianying Guo
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China.
| | - Fengzhi Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, 310014, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenxin Wang
- Charles Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, 4, Dublin, Ireland.
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, China.
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Porterfield V. Neural Progenitor Cell Derivation Methodologies for Drug Discovery Applications. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2019; 18:89-95. [PMID: 31090435 DOI: 10.1089/adt.2019.921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Inducible pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are being used to model brain disorders across the continuum of neurodevelopment, neurodegenerative, and neuropsychiatric disease allowing for the mechanistic unraveling of the neurological disease state. Subsequently, there is a diverse array of cell model systems that can be used for target validation, pharmacodynamic endpoint development, and high-throughput/content assay development and screening. However, to successfully model neurological disorders with iPSCs, the disease-relevant neuron must be first identified, and it is critical to have the appropriate neuronal progenitor cell derivation and neuron differentiation protocols available to produce desired neuronal phenotypes. Moreover, special considerations are necessary if adaptation to high-throughput/content assay systems is anticipated. Discussed here are the three-dimensional embryoid body-neural rosette and two-dimensional monolayer methodologies to derive iPS neural progenitor cells and neurons with a specific focus on cortical neurons. Outlined are some of the commonalities, advantages, and disadvantages associated with both methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Porterfield
- Stem Cell Core Facility, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia.,Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
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Walker MJ, Bourke J, Hutchison K. Evidence for personalised medicine: mechanisms, correlation, and new kinds of black box. THEORETICAL MEDICINE AND BIOETHICS 2019; 40:103-121. [PMID: 30771062 DOI: 10.1007/s11017-019-09482-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Personalised medicine (PM) has been discussed as a medical paradigm shift that will improve health while reducing inefficiency and waste. At the same time, it raises new practical, regulatory, and ethical challenges. In this paper, we examine PM strategies epistemologically in order to develop capacities to address these challenges, focusing on a recently proposed strategy for developing patient-specific models from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) so as to make individualised treatment predictions. We compare this strategy to two main PM strategies-stratified medicine and computational models. Drawing on epistemological work in the philosophy of medicine, we explain why these two methods, while powerful, are neither truly personalised nor, epistemologically speaking, novel strategies. Both are forms of correlational black box. We then argue that the iPSC models would count as a new kind of black box. They would not rely entirely on mechanistic knowledge, and they would utilise correlational evidence in a different way from other strategies-a way that would enable personalised predictions. In arguing that the iPSC models would present a novel method of gaining evidence for clinical practice, we provide an epistemic analysis that can help to inform the practical, regulatory, and ethical challenges of developing an iPSC system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Jean Walker
- Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.
| | - Justin Bourke
- University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Katrina Hutchison
- Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
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Page S, Patel R, Raut S, Al-Ahmad A. Neurological diseases at the blood-brain barrier: Stemming new scientific paradigms using patient-derived induced pluripotent cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1866:165358. [PMID: 30593893 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a component of the neurovascular unit formed by specialized brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) surrounded by a specific basement membrane interacting with astrocytes, neurons, and pericytes. The BBB plays an essential function in the maintenance of brain homeostasis, by providing a physical and chemical barrier against pathogens and xenobiotics. Although the disruption of the BBB occurs with several neurological disorders, the scarcity of patient material source and lack of reliability of current in vitro models hindered our ability to model the BBB during such neurological conditions. The development of novel in vitro models based on patient-derived stem cells opened new venues in modeling the human BBB in vitro, by being more accurate than existing in vitro models, but also bringing such models closer to the in vivo setting. In addition, patient-derived models of the BBB opens the avenue to address the contribution of genetic factors commonly associated with certain neurological diseases on the BBB pathophysiology. This review provides a comprehensive understanding of the BBB, the current development of stem cell-based models in the field, the current challenges and limitations of such models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyanne Page
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, School of Pharmacy, Amarillo, TX, United States of America
| | - Ronak Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, School of Pharmacy, Amarillo, TX, United States of America
| | - Snehal Raut
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, School of Pharmacy, Amarillo, TX, United States of America
| | - Abraham Al-Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, School of Pharmacy, Amarillo, TX, United States of America.
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Kumar S, Blangero J, Curran JE. Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells in Disease Modeling and Gene Identification. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1706:17-38. [PMID: 29423791 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7471-9_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Experimental modeling of human inherited disorders provides insight into the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved, and the underlying genetic component influencing, the disease phenotype. The breakthrough development of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology represents a quantum leap in experimental modeling of human diseases, providing investigators with a self-renewing and, thus, unlimited source of pluripotent cells for targeted differentiation. In principle, the entire range of cell types found in the human body can be interrogated using an iPSC approach. Therefore, iPSC technology, and the increasingly refined abilities to differentiate iPSCs into disease-relevant target cells, has far-reaching implications for understanding disease pathophysiology, identifying disease-causing genes, and developing more precise therapeutics, including advances in regenerative medicine. In this chapter, we discuss the technological perspectives and recent developments in the application of patient-derived iPSC lines for human disease modeling and disease gene identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish Kumar
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, School of Medicine, 1214 W Schunior St, Edinburg, TX, 78541, USA.
| | - John Blangero
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, School of Medicine, 1214 W Schunior St, Edinburg, TX, 78541, USA
| | - Joanne E Curran
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, School of Medicine, 1214 W Schunior St, Edinburg, TX, 78541, USA
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Wei L, Wei ZZ, Jiang MQ, Mohamad O, Yu SP. Stem cell transplantation therapy for multifaceted therapeutic benefits after stroke. Prog Neurobiol 2017; 157:49-78. [PMID: 28322920 PMCID: PMC5603356 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
One of the exciting advances in modern medicine and life science is cell-based neurovascular regeneration of damaged brain tissues and repair of neuronal structures. The progress in stem cell biology and creation of adult induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells has significantly improved basic and pre-clinical research in disease mechanisms and generated enthusiasm for potential applications in the treatment of central nervous system (CNS) diseases including stroke. Endogenous neural stem cells and cultured stem cells are capable of self-renewal and give rise to virtually all types of cells essential for the makeup of neuronal structures. Meanwhile, stem cells and neural progenitor cells are well-known for their potential for trophic support after transplantation into the ischemic brain. Thus, stem cell-based therapies provide an attractive future for protecting and repairing damaged brain tissues after injury and in various disease states. Moreover, basic research on naïve and differentiated stem cells including iPS cells has markedly improved our understanding of cellular and molecular mechanisms of neurological disorders, and provides a platform for the discovery of novel drug targets. The latest advances indicate that combinatorial approaches using cell based therapy with additional treatments such as protective reagents, preconditioning strategies and rehabilitation therapy can significantly improve therapeutic benefits. In this review, we will discuss the characteristics of cell therapy in different ischemic models and the application of stem cells and progenitor cells as regenerative medicine for the treatment of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wei
- Laboratories of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Neurology, Experimental Research Center and Neurological Disease Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Zheng Z Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Michael Qize Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Osama Mohamad
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Shan Ping Yu
- Laboratories of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Neurology, Experimental Research Center and Neurological Disease Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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Grabiec M, Hříbková H, Vařecha M, Střítecká D, Hampl A, Dvořák P, Sun YM. Stage-specific roles of FGF2 signaling in human neural development. Stem Cell Res 2016; 17:330-341. [PMID: 27608170 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2016.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study elucidated the stage-specific roles of FGF2 signaling during neural development using in-vitro human embryonic stem cell-based developmental modeling. We found that the dysregulation of FGF2 signaling prior to the onset of neural induction resulted in the malformation of neural rosettes (a neural tube-like structure), despite cells having undergone neural induction. The aberrant neural rosette formation may be attributed to the misplacement of ZO-1, which is a polarized tight junction protein and shown co-localized with FGF2/FGFR1 in the apical region of neural rosettes, subsequently led to abnormal neurogenesis. Moreover, the FGF2 signaling inhibition at the stage of neural rosettes caused a reduction in cell proliferation, an increase in numbers of cells with cell-cycle exit, and premature neurogenesis. These effects may be mediated by NUMB, to which expression was observed enriched in the apical region of neural rosettes after FGF2 signaling inhibition coinciding with the disappearance of PAX6+/Ki67+ neural stem cells and the emergence of MAP2+ neurons. Moreover, our results suggested that the hESC-based developmental system reserved a similar neural stem cell niche in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Grabiec
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Hříbková
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Vařecha
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Dana Střítecká
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Hampl
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Dvořák
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Yuh-Man Sun
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Modeling psychiatric disorders: from genomic findings to cellular phenotypes. Mol Psychiatry 2016; 21:1167-79. [PMID: 27240529 PMCID: PMC4995546 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2016.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Major programs in psychiatric genetics have identified >150 risk loci for psychiatric disorders. These loci converge on a small number of functional pathways, which span conventional diagnostic criteria, suggesting a partly common biology underlying schizophrenia, autism and other psychiatric disorders. Nevertheless, the cellular phenotypes that capture the fundamental features of psychiatric disorders have not yet been determined. Recent advances in genetics and stem cell biology offer new prospects for cell-based modeling of psychiatric disorders. The advent of cell reprogramming and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) provides an opportunity to translate genetic findings into patient-specific in vitro models. iPSC technology is less than a decade old but holds great promise for bridging the gaps between patients, genetics and biology. Despite many obvious advantages, iPSC studies still present multiple challenges. In this expert review, we critically review the challenges for modeling of psychiatric disorders, potential solutions and how iPSC technology can be used to develop an analytical framework for the evaluation and therapeutic manipulation of fundamental disease processes.
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