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Steagall PV, Pelligand L, Page S, Granick JL, Allerton F, Bęczkowski PM, Weese JS, Hrček AK, Queiroga F, Guardabassi L. The 2023 World Small Animal Veterinary Association (WSAVA): List of essential medicines for cats and dogs. J Small Anim Pract 2023; 64:731-748. [PMID: 37807906 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P V Steagall
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Centre for Animal Health and Welfare, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - L Pelligand
- The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, AL9 7TA, UK
| | - S Page
- Advanced Veterinary Therapeutics, Newtown, NSW, Australia
- Honorary Associate, Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - J L Granick
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | - F Allerton
- Willows Veterinary Centre & Referral Service, Highlands Road Shirley, Solihull, West Midlands, B90 4NH, UK
| | - P M Bęczkowski
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - J S Weese
- Department of Pathobiology and Centre for Public Health and Zoonoses, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | | | - F Queiroga
- Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
- Center for the Study of Animal Sciences, CECA-ICETA, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - L Guardabassi
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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Tanner J, Brierley Jones L, Rochon M, Westwood N, Wloch C, Vaja R, Rogers L, Dearling J, Wilson K, Magboo R, Aujla H, Page S, Whiting P, Murphy G, Brown C, Lamagni T, Harrington P. Barriers and facilitators for surgical site infection surveillance for adult cardiac surgery in a high-income setting: an in-depth exploration. J Hosp Infect 2023; 141:112-118. [PMID: 37734675 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2023.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgical site infection (SSI) surveillance aims to facilitate a reduction in SSIs through identifying infection rates, benchmarking, triggering clinical review and instituting infection control measures. Participation in surveillance is, however, variable suggesting opportunities to improve wider adoption. AIM To gain an in-depth understanding of the barriers and facilitators for SSI surveillance in a high-income European setting. METHODS Key informant interviews with 16 surveillance staff, infection prevention staff, nurses and surgeons from nine cardiac hospitals in England. Data were analysed thematically. FINDINGS SSI surveillance was reported to be resource intensive. Barriers to surveillance included challenges associated with data collection: data being located in numerous places, multiple SSI data reporting schemes, difficulty in finding denominator data, lack of interface between computerized systems, 'labour intensive' or 'antiquated' methods to collect data (e.g., using postal systems for patient questionnaires). Additional reported concerns included: relevance of definitions, perceived variability in data reporting, lack of surgeon engagement, unsupportive managers, low priority of SSIs among staff, and a 'blame culture' around high SSI rates. Facilitators were increased resources, better use of digital technologies (e.g., remote digital wound monitoring), integrating surveillance within routine clinical work, having champions, mandating surveillance, ensuring a closer relationship between surveillance and improved patient outcomes, increasing the focus on post-discharge surveillance, and integration with primary care data. CONCLUSION Using novel interviews with 'front-line' staff, identified opportunities for improving participation in SSI surveillance. Translating these findings into action will increase surveillance activity and bring patient safety benefits to a larger pool of surgical patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Tanner
- School of Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
| | - L Brierley Jones
- School of Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - M Rochon
- Directorate of Infection, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | - C Wloch
- HCAI Fungal AMR AMU & Sepsis Division, UKHSA, London, UK
| | - R Vaja
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - L Rogers
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospitals of Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust
| | | | - K Wilson
- Patient and Public Representative, UK
| | - R Magboo
- Critical Care, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - H Aujla
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - S Page
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - P Whiting
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - G Murphy
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - C Brown
- HCAI Fungal AMR AMU & Sepsis Division, UKHSA, London, UK
| | - T Lamagni
- HCAI Fungal AMR AMU & Sepsis Division, UKHSA, London, UK
| | - P Harrington
- HCAI Fungal AMR AMU & Sepsis Division, UKHSA, London, UK
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Westland H, Van Rijn MM, Page S, Wiebe DJ, Freedland KE, Lee C, Vellone E, Aryal S, Stromberg A, Jaarsma T, Riegel B. Self-care recommended by clinicians in patients with heart failure or type 2 diabetes: a Delphi study. Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurjcn/zvac060.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: Public Institution(s). Main funding source(s): Australian Catholic University, Australia
Background
Patients with heart failure or type 2 diabetes often experience bothersome symptoms (e.g., swelling, dizziness) and need clinical support with symptom management to reduce the impact of these symptoms. Knowledge about recommended self-care management behaviors by experienced clinicians can help to guide the development of more effective self-care interventions.
Purpose
To develop a list of common bothersome symptoms of heart failure and type 2 diabetes and of self-care management behaviors that clinicians recommend to patients to reduce the impact of these symptoms.
Methods
A two-round Delphi study among a panel of 37 nurses and physicians (heart failure only n=14; type 2 diabetes only n=11 and both heart failure and type 2 diabetes n=12) from Italy, the Netherlands, Sweden and the US was performed. Online surveys were used to identify common and bothersome symptoms and related self-care management behaviors that they recommend to patients with heart failure or type 2 diabetes. Self-care management behaviors that received at least 75% agreement were retained and similar self-care management behaviors were discussed and merged to reduce redundancy.
Results
For heart failure, the final list included 12 common bothersome symptoms (e.g., fatigue/tiredness, shortness of breath) and 51 related self-care management behaviors (e.g., balance rest & activity, check body weight & swelling). For type 2 diabetes, 11 common bothersome symptoms (e.g., hypo- and hyperglycemia symptom clusters, foot wounds) and 25 related self-care management behaviors (e.g., check blood sugar, take insulin, contact podiatrist) were included in the final list. Consensus was reached on the vast majority (70%) of recommended behaviors.
Conclusion
The lists of common bothersome symptoms and self-care management behaviors reflect consensus but also discrepancies between clinicians’ recommendations and current guidelines. Efforts to enhance and align the use of proven effective self-care management behaviors to reduce symptom impact in routine care by clinicians should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Westland
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Julius Center for health Sciences and Primary Care , Utrecht , Netherlands (The)
| | - M M Van Rijn
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Division Heart and Lungs , Utrecht , Netherlands (The)
| | - S Page
- University of Pennsylvania, School of Nursing , Philadelphia , United States of America
| | - D J Wiebe
- University of Pennsylvania, School of Nursing , Philadelphia , United States of America
| | - K E Freedland
- Washington University School of Medicine , St Louis , United States of America
| | - C Lee
- Boston College - William F. Connell School of Nursing , Boston , United States of America
| | - E Vellone
- Tor Vergata University Hospital Polyclinic , Rome , Italy
| | - S Aryal
- University of Pennsylvania, School of Nursing , Philadelphia , United States of America
| | | | - T Jaarsma
- Linkoping University , Linkoping , Sweden
| | - B Riegel
- University of Pennsylvania, School of Nursing , Philadelphia , United States of America
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Cui W, Milner-Watts C, Saith S, Bhosle J, Minchom A, Davidson M, Page S, Locke I, Yousaf N, Popat S, O'Brien M. 180P Incidence of brain metastases (BM) in newly diagnosed stage IV NSCLC during COVID-19. J Thorac Oncol 2021. [PMCID: PMC7997776 DOI: 10.1016/s1556-0864(21)02022-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Ang N, Egan A, Page S, Yadav S, Saxena P, Karamatic R, Welch C, Anstey C, Senthuran S. P42 Liver Compliance and Cardiac Surgery Outcomes Pilot Study. Heart Lung Circ 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2021.03.245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Cutler R, Gleeson B, Page S, Norris J, Browning G. Antimicrobial prescribing guidelines for pigs. Aust Vet J 2020; 98:105-134. [PMID: 32281105 DOI: 10.1111/avj.12940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Page S, Milner-Watts C, Harnetty C, O’Brien M. Patient (without symptomatic brain metastasis) responses to invitation for brain imaging: single question questionnaire in patients with stage IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Lung Cancer 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s0169-5002(20)30076-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Page S, Villalba H, Al‐Ahmad A. Determining the effect of the WNT/b‐catenin pathway on the ischemic blood‐brain barrier
in vitro
and
in vivo. FASEB J 2019. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2019.33.1_supplement.120.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Leon-Ferre RA, Le-Rademacher J, Terstriep S, Glaser R, Novotni P, Giuliano A, Copur MS, Jones C, Page S, Mitchell W, Birrell SN, Loprinzi CL. Abstract P4-16-01: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of testosterone (T) for aromatase inhibitor-induced arthralgias (AIA) in postmenopausal women: Alliance A221102. Cancer Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs18-p4-16-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Aromatase inhibitors are a mainstay hormone receptor-positive breast cancer treatment. AIA occur in up to 50% of patients (pts), adversely affecting quality of life and treatment compliance. A small phase II clinical trial of oral testosterone unedeconate appeared to improve AIA over placebo (P), with no significant androgenic side effects. The current study was performed to confirm these findings.
Methods: This randomized P-controlled trial enrolled postmenopausal women on adjuvant anastrozole or letrozole and experiencing moderate-to-severe AIA (≥5 on 0-10 scale). Pts were initially randomized to receive a subcutaneous pellet containing T 120 mg + anastrozole 8 mg (T+AIpellet) or P at the end of the first week on study (after obtaining baseline hot flash data) and at 3 months (mo). Due to slow accrual, the protocol was amended to change the route of delivery to topical T or P applied to the skin once daily for 6 mo. Baseline and monthly questionnaires were administered, including: Modified Brief Pain Inventory for aromatase arthralgia (BPI-AIA), prolife of mood states (POMS), the menopause specific quality of life questionnaire (MENQOL), a hot flash diary, the hot flash related daily interference scale (HFRDIS) and a symptom experience questionnaire. The primary endpoint was intra-patient change in joint pain at 3 mo, compared using a two-sample t-test.
Results: 227 pts were accrued between 9/1/2013-11/29/2017. 55 pts were randomized prior to the protocol amendment and received T+AIpellet or P. Baseline characteristics were balanced between arms, with the exceptions of median weight, BMI, hemoglobin (all higher in T arm), and breast tenderness, dissatisfaction with personal life/depression, and skin changes (all higher in P arm). Compared to baseline, there were no significant differences between T and P in average pain or joint stiffness at 3 (p=0.483) or 6 mo (p=0.573). Average pain was significantly lower each month compared to baseline, irrespective of treatment arm. There were no significant differences in any other items evaluated by BPI-AIA, POMS, MENQOL, hot flash diary or HFRDIS. Similarly, there were no substantial differences in toxicity. A subset analysis of the 55 pts randomized to receive T+AIpellet or P identified significant reductions in average pain scores with T+AIpellet during the first month (p=0.038), but not thereafter. T+AIpellet pts had significantly more reduction in reported % of baseline hot flash frequency (p=0.034) and score (p=0.031), nausea (p=0.019), fatigue (p=0.042), mood swings (p=0.026), hand/feet swelling (p=0.009), stress urinary incontinence (p=0.039) and changes in appearance, texture or tone of their skin (p=0.0083), than pts on P.
Conclusions: Overall, T did not improve AIA or menopausal symptoms compared to P. While there was significant improvement in AIA over the study period, T did not facilitate this process. However, T+AIpellet was associated with improvement in short-term AIA and several menopausal symptoms compared to P, suggesting that subcutaneous T combined with anastrozole may be superior to transdermal T alone.
Support: UG1CA189823, U10CA180820, U10CA189809; ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01573442
Citation Format: Leon-Ferre RA, Le-Rademacher J, Terstriep S, Glaser R, Novotni P, Giuliano A, Copur MS, Jones C, Page S, Mitchell W, Birrell SN, Loprinzi CL. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of testosterone (T) for aromatase inhibitor-induced arthralgias (AIA) in postmenopausal women: Alliance A221102 [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-16-01.
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Affiliation(s)
- RA Leon-Ferre
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Sanford Broadway Medical Center, Fargo, ND; Wright State University, Dayton, OH; Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Saint Francis Cancer Treatment Center, Grand Island, NE; Georgia Cancer Specialists PC, Macon, GA; Cancer Center of Kansas-Wichita Medical Arts Tower, Wichita, KS; Novant Health Presbyterian Medical Center, Charlotte, NC; Havah Therapeutics Pty Ltd, Toorak Gardens, South Australia, Australia
| | - J Le-Rademacher
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Sanford Broadway Medical Center, Fargo, ND; Wright State University, Dayton, OH; Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Saint Francis Cancer Treatment Center, Grand Island, NE; Georgia Cancer Specialists PC, Macon, GA; Cancer Center of Kansas-Wichita Medical Arts Tower, Wichita, KS; Novant Health Presbyterian Medical Center, Charlotte, NC; Havah Therapeutics Pty Ltd, Toorak Gardens, South Australia, Australia
| | - S Terstriep
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Sanford Broadway Medical Center, Fargo, ND; Wright State University, Dayton, OH; Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Saint Francis Cancer Treatment Center, Grand Island, NE; Georgia Cancer Specialists PC, Macon, GA; Cancer Center of Kansas-Wichita Medical Arts Tower, Wichita, KS; Novant Health Presbyterian Medical Center, Charlotte, NC; Havah Therapeutics Pty Ltd, Toorak Gardens, South Australia, Australia
| | - R Glaser
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Sanford Broadway Medical Center, Fargo, ND; Wright State University, Dayton, OH; Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Saint Francis Cancer Treatment Center, Grand Island, NE; Georgia Cancer Specialists PC, Macon, GA; Cancer Center of Kansas-Wichita Medical Arts Tower, Wichita, KS; Novant Health Presbyterian Medical Center, Charlotte, NC; Havah Therapeutics Pty Ltd, Toorak Gardens, South Australia, Australia
| | - P Novotni
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Sanford Broadway Medical Center, Fargo, ND; Wright State University, Dayton, OH; Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Saint Francis Cancer Treatment Center, Grand Island, NE; Georgia Cancer Specialists PC, Macon, GA; Cancer Center of Kansas-Wichita Medical Arts Tower, Wichita, KS; Novant Health Presbyterian Medical Center, Charlotte, NC; Havah Therapeutics Pty Ltd, Toorak Gardens, South Australia, Australia
| | - A Giuliano
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Sanford Broadway Medical Center, Fargo, ND; Wright State University, Dayton, OH; Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Saint Francis Cancer Treatment Center, Grand Island, NE; Georgia Cancer Specialists PC, Macon, GA; Cancer Center of Kansas-Wichita Medical Arts Tower, Wichita, KS; Novant Health Presbyterian Medical Center, Charlotte, NC; Havah Therapeutics Pty Ltd, Toorak Gardens, South Australia, Australia
| | - MS Copur
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Sanford Broadway Medical Center, Fargo, ND; Wright State University, Dayton, OH; Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Saint Francis Cancer Treatment Center, Grand Island, NE; Georgia Cancer Specialists PC, Macon, GA; Cancer Center of Kansas-Wichita Medical Arts Tower, Wichita, KS; Novant Health Presbyterian Medical Center, Charlotte, NC; Havah Therapeutics Pty Ltd, Toorak Gardens, South Australia, Australia
| | - C Jones
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Sanford Broadway Medical Center, Fargo, ND; Wright State University, Dayton, OH; Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Saint Francis Cancer Treatment Center, Grand Island, NE; Georgia Cancer Specialists PC, Macon, GA; Cancer Center of Kansas-Wichita Medical Arts Tower, Wichita, KS; Novant Health Presbyterian Medical Center, Charlotte, NC; Havah Therapeutics Pty Ltd, Toorak Gardens, South Australia, Australia
| | - S Page
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Sanford Broadway Medical Center, Fargo, ND; Wright State University, Dayton, OH; Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Saint Francis Cancer Treatment Center, Grand Island, NE; Georgia Cancer Specialists PC, Macon, GA; Cancer Center of Kansas-Wichita Medical Arts Tower, Wichita, KS; Novant Health Presbyterian Medical Center, Charlotte, NC; Havah Therapeutics Pty Ltd, Toorak Gardens, South Australia, Australia
| | - W Mitchell
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Sanford Broadway Medical Center, Fargo, ND; Wright State University, Dayton, OH; Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Saint Francis Cancer Treatment Center, Grand Island, NE; Georgia Cancer Specialists PC, Macon, GA; Cancer Center of Kansas-Wichita Medical Arts Tower, Wichita, KS; Novant Health Presbyterian Medical Center, Charlotte, NC; Havah Therapeutics Pty Ltd, Toorak Gardens, South Australia, Australia
| | - SN Birrell
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Sanford Broadway Medical Center, Fargo, ND; Wright State University, Dayton, OH; Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Saint Francis Cancer Treatment Center, Grand Island, NE; Georgia Cancer Specialists PC, Macon, GA; Cancer Center of Kansas-Wichita Medical Arts Tower, Wichita, KS; Novant Health Presbyterian Medical Center, Charlotte, NC; Havah Therapeutics Pty Ltd, Toorak Gardens, South Australia, Australia
| | - CL Loprinzi
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Sanford Broadway Medical Center, Fargo, ND; Wright State University, Dayton, OH; Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Saint Francis Cancer Treatment Center, Grand Island, NE; Georgia Cancer Specialists PC, Macon, GA; Cancer Center of Kansas-Wichita Medical Arts Tower, Wichita, KS; Novant Health Presbyterian Medical Center, Charlotte, NC; Havah Therapeutics Pty Ltd, Toorak Gardens, South Australia, Australia
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Page S, Patel R, Raut S, Al-Ahmad A. Neurological diseases at the blood-brain barrier: Stemming new scientific paradigms using patient-derived induced pluripotent cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1866:165358. [PMID: 30593893 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a component of the neurovascular unit formed by specialized brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) surrounded by a specific basement membrane interacting with astrocytes, neurons, and pericytes. The BBB plays an essential function in the maintenance of brain homeostasis, by providing a physical and chemical barrier against pathogens and xenobiotics. Although the disruption of the BBB occurs with several neurological disorders, the scarcity of patient material source and lack of reliability of current in vitro models hindered our ability to model the BBB during such neurological conditions. The development of novel in vitro models based on patient-derived stem cells opened new venues in modeling the human BBB in vitro, by being more accurate than existing in vitro models, but also bringing such models closer to the in vivo setting. In addition, patient-derived models of the BBB opens the avenue to address the contribution of genetic factors commonly associated with certain neurological diseases on the BBB pathophysiology. This review provides a comprehensive understanding of the BBB, the current development of stem cell-based models in the field, the current challenges and limitations of such models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyanne Page
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, School of Pharmacy, Amarillo, TX, United States of America
| | - Ronak Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, School of Pharmacy, Amarillo, TX, United States of America
| | - Snehal Raut
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, School of Pharmacy, Amarillo, TX, United States of America
| | - Abraham Al-Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, School of Pharmacy, Amarillo, TX, United States of America.
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Osoti A, Nyanjau L, Gathecha G, Farquhar C, Page S, Kibachio J, Temu T. MS02.1 High Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity and Associated Co-morbidities in Kenya, A Nationwide Word Health Organization Stepwise Survey. Glob Heart 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gheart.2018.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Wijeyeratne YD, Tanck MW, Muir A, Bos JM, Denjoy I, Galvin J, Page S, Ohno S, Veltmann C, Crotti L, Roden D, Makita N, Probst V, Aiba T, Behr ER. P3815A genetic risk score predicts Brugada syndrome phenotype in SCN5A overlap syndrome. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy563.p3815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Y D Wijeyeratne
- St George's University of London, Cardiology Clinical Academic Group, St George's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - M W Tanck
- Academic Medical Center of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - A Muir
- Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - J M Bos
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, United States of America
| | - I Denjoy
- Hospital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France
| | - J Galvin
- Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - S Page
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - S Ohno
- Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - C Veltmann
- Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - L Crotti
- University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - D Roden
- Vanderbilt University, Nashville, United States of America
| | - N Makita
- Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - V Probst
- University Hospital of Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - T Aiba
- National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - E R Behr
- St George's University of London, Cardiology Clinical Academic Group, St George's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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Page S, Al‐Ahmad A. Determining the effect of the WNT/b‐catenin pathway on the ischemic blood‐brain barrier using induced pluripotent stem cells. FASEB J 2018. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2018.32.1_supplement.40.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Patel R, Page S, Al-Ahmad AJ. Isogenic blood-brain barrier models based on patient-derived stem cells display inter-individual differences in cell maturation and functionality. J Neurochem 2017; 142:74-88. [PMID: 28397247 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) constitutes an important component of the neurovascular unit formed by specialized brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) surrounded by astrocytes, pericytes, and neurons. Recently, isogenic in vitro models of the BBB based on human pluripotent stem cells have been documented, yet the impact of inter-individual variability on the yield and phenotype of such models remains to be documented. In this study, we investigated the impact of inter-individual variability on the yield and phenotype of isogenic models of the BBB, using patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Astrocytes, BMECs, and neurons were differentiated from four asymptomatic patient-derived iPSCs (two males, two females). We differentiated such cells using existing differentiation protocols and quantified expression of cell lineage markers, as well as BBB phenotype, barrier induction, and formation of neurite processes. iPSC-derived BMECs showed barrier properties better than hCMEC/D3 monolayers; however, we noted differences in the expression and activity among iPSC lines. In addition, we noted differences in the differentiation efficiency of these cells into neural stem cells and progenitor cells (as noted by differences in expression of cell lineage markers). Such differences were reflected later in the terminal differentiation, as seen as ability to induce barrier function and to form neurite processes. Although we demonstrated our ability to obtain an isogenic model of the BBB with different patients' iPSCs, we also noted subtle differences in the expression of cell lineage markers and cell maturation processes, suggesting the presence of inter-individual polymorphisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronak Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center - School of Pharmacy, Amarillo, Texas, USA
| | - Shyanne Page
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center - School of Pharmacy, Amarillo, Texas, USA
| | - Abraham Jacob Al-Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center - School of Pharmacy, Amarillo, Texas, USA
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Page S, Patel R, Alahmad A. Abstract TP86: The Ischemic Blood-brain Barrier In A Dish: Use Of Patient-derived Stem Cells To Model The Response Of The Neurovascular Unit To Oxygen-glucose Deprivation Stress. Stroke 2017. [DOI: 10.1161/str.48.suppl_1.tp86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) constitutes a component of the neurovascular unit formed by specialized brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) surrounded by astrocytes, pericytes and neurons. During ischemic stroke injury, the BBB constitutes the first responding element resulting in the opening of the BBB and eventually neural cell death by excitotoxicity. A better understanding of the cellular mechanisms underlying the opening of the BBB during ischemic stroke is essential to identify targets to restore such barrier function after injury. Current
in vitro
models of the human BBB, based on primary or immortalized BMECs monocultures, display poor barrier properties but also lack one or two cellular components of the neurovascular unit.In this study, we designed an integrative in vitro model of the BBB by generating BMECs, astrocytes and neurons using patient-derived BMECs from two iPSC lines (IMR90-c4 and CTR66M). We were able to obtain all three cell types from these two cell lines. iPSC-derived BMECs showed barrier properties similar or better barrier function than hCMEC/D3 monolayer (an immortalized adult somatic BMEC). Furthermore, iPSC—derived astrocytes were capable to induce barrier properties in BMECs upon co-cultures. whereas iPSC-derived neurons were capable to form extensive and branched neurites. Upon OGD stress, iPSC-derived BMECs showed a disruption of their barrier function as early as 6 hours of OGD stress and showed a complete disruption by 24 hours. Such disruption was reversed by reoxygenation. Interestingly such barrier disruption occurs through a VEGF-independent mechanism. In the other hand, iPSC-derived neurons showed a significant decrease in cell metabolic activity preceding neurites pruning. Finally, astrocytes showed the most robust phenotype, as we noted no cell death by 24 hours OGD.In this study, we demonstrated the ability to differentiate three cell types from the same patient in two iPSC lines. We also demonstrated the ability of these cells to respond to OGD/reoxygenation stress in agreement with the current literature. We are currently investigating the molecular mechanisms by which OGD/reoxygenation drive the cellular response in these cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyanne Page
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Tech Univ Health Science Cntr, Amarillo, TX
| | - Ronak Patel
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Tech Univ Health Science Cntr, Amarillo, TX
| | - Abraham Alahmad
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Tech Univ Health Science Cntr, Amarillo, TX
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Page
- St. Thomas's Hospital Reading Difficulties Clinic
| | - A. MacAuslan
- St. Thomas's Hospital Reading Difficulties Clinic
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Nanthagopan Y, Williams N, Page S. Understanding the nature of Project Management capacity in Sri Lankan non-governmental organisations (NGOs): A Resource Based Perspective. International Journal of Project Management 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijproman.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Page S, Munsell A, Al-Ahmad AJ. Cerebral hypoxia/ischemia selectively disrupts tight junctions complexes in stem cell-derived human brain microvascular endothelial cells. Fluids Barriers CNS 2016; 13:16. [PMID: 27724968 PMCID: PMC5057206 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-016-0042-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cerebral hypoxia/ischemia (H/I) is an important stress factor involved in the disruption of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) following stroke injury, yet the cellular and molecular mechanisms on how the human BBB responds to such injury remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the cellular response of the human BBB to chemical and environmental H/I in vitro. Methods In this study, we used immortalized hCMEC/D3 and IMR90 stem-cell derived human brain microvascular endothelial cell lines (IMR90-derived BMECs). Hypoxic stress was achieved by exposure to cobalt chloride (CoCl2) or by exposure to 1 % hypoxia and oxygen/glucose deprivation (OGD) was used to model ischemic injury. We assessed barrier function using both transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) and sodium fluorescein permeability. Changes in cell junction integrity were assessed by immunocytochemistry and cell viability was assessed by trypan-blue exclusion and by MTS assays. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results CoCl2 selectively disrupted the barrier function in IMR90-derived BMECs but not in hCMEC/D3 monolayers and cytotoxic effects did not drive such disruption. In addition, hypoxia/OGD stress significantly disrupted the barrier function by selectively disrupting tight junctions (TJs) complexes. In addition, we noted an uncoupling between cell metabolic activity and barrier integrity. Conclusions In this study, we demonstrated the ability of IMR90-derived BMECs to respond to hypoxic/ischemic injury triggered by both chemical and environmental stress by showing a disruption of the barrier function. Such disruption was selectively targeting TJ complexes and was not driven by cellular apoptosis. In conclusion, this study suggests the suitability of stem cell-derived human BMECs monolayers as a model of cerebral hypoxia/ischemia in vitro. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12987-016-0042-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyanne Page
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 1300 South Coulter Street, Amarillo, TX, USA
| | - Alli Munsell
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 1300 South Coulter Street, Amarillo, TX, USA
| | - Abraham J Al-Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 1300 South Coulter Street, Amarillo, TX, USA.
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Page S, Munsell A, Alahmad A. Abstract TP104: A Novel
in vitro
Model of Cerebral Ischemia Using Patient-derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Stroke 2016. [DOI: 10.1161/str.47.suppl_1.tp104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Stroke constitutes the 5th cause of death in the United States and an important cause of morbidity. During ischemic stroke injury, the blood-brain barrier (BBB, part of the neurovascular unit) is compromised as brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) loose their tight junctions complexes, resulting in the loss of the barrier function, unrestricted entrance of water and ions inside the brain parenchyma and neuronal cell death by excitotoxicity and cerebral edema formation.
Despite the important effort to find neuroprotective agents capable to partially improve neuronal cell survival and restore the BBB function, our ability to translate findings from animal studies to clinical trials is still hampered by an important failure rate. One of the possible caveats we hypothesize that contributes to such important failure rate is the absence of a pre-clinical human model capable to ease the translation. We speculate that a human in vitro model of the neurovascular unit encompassing human BMECs, neurons and astrocytes may help improve such translation.
In this study, we describe a novel in vitro model based on human induced pluripotent stem (iPSCs) cells. Using IMR90-c4 as an iPSC line, we were capable to differentiate BMECs, astrocytes and neurons.
Using oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD stress), we were able to demonstrate the ability of our iPSC-derived BMECs to respond to such injury by a loss of the cell barrier function similarly, such cellular response was similar to hCMEC/D3 monolayers (an immortalized human BMEC line commonly used). In contrast, iPSC-derived astrocytes showed a remarkable compliance to prolonged OGD stress, showing some consistency with the previous literature. In the other hand, preliminary data obtained with iPSC-derived neurons displayed a rapid decrease in cell viability and increase in cell death suggesting similarities with studies using primary neural cell cultures.
Taken together, we document a differentiation protocol capable to obtain pure iPSC-derived BMECs, astrocytes and neurons lineages allowing us to investigate the cellular and molecular response to stroke injury in vitro. Such model may provide an interesting alternative model to improve our probability to identify novel stroke neuroprotective drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyanne Page
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Tech Univ Health Science Cntr, Amarillo, TX
| | - Alli Munsell
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Tech Univ Health Science Cntr, Amarillo, TX
| | - Abraham Alahmad
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Tech Univ Health Science Cntr, Amarillo, TX
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Rainey SR, Simpson J, Page S, Crowley M, Evans J, Sheridan M, Ireland AJ. The impact of violence reduction initiatives on emergency department attendance. Scott Med J 2016; 60:90-4. [PMID: 25922413 DOI: 10.1177/0036933015576297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent violence reduction initiatives in Glasgow have led to a reduction in recorded levels of violent crime.(1) This study evaluates the impact of these initiatives on assault-related emergency department attendances and admissions. METHODS A retrospective observational study conducted in Glasgow Royal Infirmary's emergency department comparing assault-related emergency department attendances and hospital admissions over two 30-day study periods (April 2010 and April 2012). The primary outcome measure was the change in assault-related emergency department attendances. The secondary outcome measure was the impact on assault-related hospital and critical care admissions. RESULTS In April 2010, there were 6098 emergency department attendances, 301 (4.9%) were due to assault. In April 2012, there were 7236 emergency department attendances, 263 (3.6%) were due to assault, representing a significant reduction in assault-related attendances (p < 0.01). There were significant reductions in level 1 admissions 2010 n = 56 (19.2%), 2012 n = 36 (14.0%) p = 0.04 and critical care admissions, 2010 n = 5 (1.7%), 2012 n = 1 (0.4%) p = 0.04. CONCLUSIONS Violence reduction initiatives in Glasgow have contributed to a reduction in assault-related emergency department attendance at Glasgow Royal Infirmary. The reduction in hospital admissions, in particular critical care admissions, suggests a reduction in morbidity and cost to the National Health Service.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Rainey
- Emergency Medicine Registrar, Emergency Department, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, UK
| | - J Simpson
- GPST1, Emergency Department, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, UK
| | - S Page
- FY2, Emergency Department, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, UK
| | - M Crowley
- Medical Student, Emergency Department, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, UK
| | - J Evans
- Reader in Public Health, School of Health Sciences, Stirling University, UK
| | - M Sheridan
- Emergency Medicine Consultant, Emergency Department, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, UK
| | - A J Ireland
- Emergency Medicine Consultant, Emergency Department, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, UK
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Ayres M, Page S. The role of the student voice in developing fundamental movement skills. Sci Sports 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2014.08.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Page S. Zoonoses: protecting people and their pets. Edited by GDvorak, JARoth, GCGray and BKaplan. Iowa State University, USA, 2013. 239 pages. Price A$75. ISBN 9780984627035. Aust Vet J 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/avj.12210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Riazuelo H, Romo L, Boz F, Page S. EPA-0583 – Coping of hepatic, cardiac and renal transplant relatives. Eur Psychiatry 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-9338(14)77972-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Page S, Hope K. Towards new ways of working in dementia: perceptions of specialist dementia care nurses about their own level of knowledge, competence and unmet educational needs. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs 2013; 20:549-56. [PMID: 23289921 DOI: 10.1111/jpm.12029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
It is expedient to consider new ways in which dementia care services may be configured to meet increasing demographic, societal and regulatory demands. Greater equity in the distribution of clinical responsibility across multidisciplinary teams has been suggested as one method that may offer a range of benefits to both the service user and the service itself. However, within the dementia workforce there are concerns about inconsistency and variability in both knowledge of dementia and competency in meeting the needs of those affected. Taking this into account it was felt important to explore perceived knowledge and competency of specialist dementia care nurses who would not only be expected to possess higher levels of knowledge and skill but are positioned as the obvious clinical group to engage with new ways of working. Consequently, this paper offers the results and subsequent discussion of a survey of senior nurses working in dementia care across the UK.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Page
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Care, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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Williamson J, Fiddes B, Chan J, Mohiddin S, Danek A, Bader B, Earley M, Page S, Radunovic A. A PATIENT WITH CHOREA-ACANTHOCYTOSIS AND DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2012. [DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2012-304200a.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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O'Shanick G, Page S, Jensen A, Burks J, Formella A. Burden of Pseudobulbar Affect among Patients with Multiple Sclerosis, Stroke, and Brain Injury: Results from National Patient Surveys (P03.153). Neurology 2012. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.78.1_meetingabstracts.p03.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Abstract
Obesity has become a worldwide epidemic and can lead to multiple chronic diseases. Adipose tissue is increasingly thought to play an active role in obesity-related pathologies such as insulin resistance and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Obesity has been strongly associated with systemic inflammation and, to a lesser degree, with oxidative stress, although the causal relationships among these factors are unclear. A recent study demonstrating an expression of the components of the melanogenic pathway and the presence of melanin in visceral adipose has raised questions regarding the possible role of melanogenesis in adipose tissue. As this study also found larger amounts of melanin in the adipose tissue of obese patients relative to lean ones, we hypothesize that melanin, a pigment known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, may scavenge reactive oxygen species and abate oxidative stress and inflammation in adipose tissue. This review considers the evidence to support such a hypothesis, and speculates on the role of melanin within adipocytes. Furthermore, we consider whether the α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone or its synthetic analogues could be used to stimulate melanin production in adipocytes, should the hypothesis be supported in future experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Page
- Department of Molecular and Microbiology, College of Science, George Mason University, Fairfax Center for Liver Diseases, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church, VA, USA
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D'angelo M, Narayanan S, Reynolds DB, Kotowski S, Page S. Application of virtual reality to the rehabilitation field to aid amputee rehabilitation: Findings from a systematic review. Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol 2010; 5:136-42. [DOI: 10.3109/17483100903387622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Bhattacharjee D, Page S. Hypernatraemia in adults: a clinical review. Acute Med 2010; 9:60-65. [PMID: 21597573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Dysnatraemic disorders are becoming more common with increased use of biochemical tests in routine practice. Although hyponatraemia is generally much commoner than hypernatraemia, the latter is found in a variety of clinical situations. This review article aims to explain the approach to assessment and strategies for management of hypernatraemia, complications of its treatment and the steps that can be taken for prevention of recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Bhattacharjee
- Consultant Physician (Acute Medicine) & Nephrologist Queen Elizabeth Hospital Gayton Road King's Lynn PE30 4ET, UK.
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Page S. Handbook of Zoonoses. Identification and Prevention- By Colville JL and Berryhill DL. Aust Vet J 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.2008.00291.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Le Hello S, Page S, Garin B. Fluoroquinolone resistance in a clinical isolate of Streptococcus pneumoniae in the South Pacific. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2008; 32:91-2. [PMID: 18495439 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2008.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2008] [Revised: 02/21/2008] [Accepted: 02/21/2008] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare nurse initial diagnoses following domiciliary visits with subsequent formal multidisciplinary formulation based upon the full possession of investigations, neuropsychological tests and brain imaging. DESIGN Retrospective case note study. SETTING Home-based nurse assessments, secondary care based multidisciplinary memory clinic. PARTICIPANTS Four hundred and four consecutive referrals over an 18-month period. RESULTS One hundred and seventy-five patients (43.3%) were diagnosed by the multi-disciplinary team as having a dementia. Seventy-three (41.5%) were classified as Alzheimer's disease, 81 (46%) of mixed sub-type and 20 (11.4%) of vascular origin. Overall nurse-MDT diagnosis agreement was 0.88 (Kappa = 0.82). Together, two nurses were able to detect dementia with 94% accuracy (Kappa = 0.88) Sensitivity was 92% and specificity 96%. The positive and negative predictive values of their judgements were 94% and 98% respectively. Nurses were able to sub-diagnose dementia with 86% (kappa = 0.76) accuracy. Multivariate logistic regression modelling showed a MDT dementia diagnosis to be independently and significantly associated with lower scores on the KOLT and total MMSE, and with the absence of biological markers of depression. Nurse dementia diagnoses were associated with lower KOLT scores and the absence of biological depression markers, high past alcohol consumption or a history of hypercholesteraemia. CONCLUSIONS In this study, structured initial assessment by a specialist nurse was shown to be an accurate method of determining a diagnosis of cognitive impairment, when compared with formal MDT judgement. The principal benefit of this approach was that signposting to subsequent care pathways was expedited. Arguably, such distributed responsibility affords a viable option for the future detection of early dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Page
- Manchester Mental Health and Social Care Trust, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester, UK.
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Armstrong DS, Arvieux J, Asaturyan R, Averett T, Bailey SL, Batigne G, Beck DH, Beise EJ, Benesch J, Bimbot L, Birchall J, Biselli A, Bosted P, Boukobza E, Breuer H, Carlini R, Carr R, Chant N, Chao YC, Chattopadhyay S, Clark R, Covrig S, Cowley A, Dale D, Davis C, Falk W, Finn JM, Forest T, Franklin G, Furget C, Gaskell D, Grames J, Griffioen KA, Grimm K, Guillon B, Guler H, Hannelius L, Hasty R, Allen AH, Horn T, Johnston K, Jones M, Kammel P, Kazimi R, King PM, Kolarkar A, Korkmaz E, Korsch W, Kox S, Kuhn J, Lachniet J, Lee L, Lenoble J, Liatard E, Liu J, Loupias B, Lung A, Marchand D, Martin JW, McFarlane KW, McKee DW, McKeown RD, Merchez F, Mkrtchyan H, Moffit B, Morlet M, Nakagawa I, Nakahara K, Neveling R, Ong S, Page S, Papavassiliou V, Pate SF, Phillips SK, Pitt ML, Poelker M, Porcelli TA, Quéméner G, Quinn B, Ramsay WD, Rauf AW, Real JS, Roche J, Roos P, Rutledge GA, Secrest J, Simicevic N, Smith GR, Spayde DT, Stepanyan S, Stutzman M, Sulkosky V, Tadevosyan V, Tieulent R, Van de Wiele J, van Oers WTH, Voutier E, Vulcan W, Warren G, Wells SP, Williamson SE, Wood SA, Yan C, Yun J, Zeps V. Transverse beam spin asymmetries in forward-angle elastic electron-proton scattering. Phys Rev Lett 2007; 99:092301. [PMID: 17930999 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.99.092301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We have measured the beam-normal single-spin asymmetry in elastic scattering of transversely polarized 3 GeV electrons from unpolarized protons at Q2=0.15, 0.25 (GeV/c)2. The results are inconsistent with calculations solely using the elastic nucleon intermediate state and generally agree with calculations with significant inelastic hadronic intermediate state contributions. A(n) provides a direct probe of the imaginary component of the 2gamma exchange amplitude, the complete description of which is important in the interpretation of data from precision electron-scattering experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Armstrong
- Department of Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, USA
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Billiet L, Furman C, Larigauderie G, Copin C, Page S, Fruchart JC, Brand K, Rouis M. Enhanced VDUP-1 gene expression by PPARγ agonist induces apoptosis in human macrophage. J Cell Physiol 2007; 214:183-91. [PMID: 17579352 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.21179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The fate and phenotype of lesion macrophages is regulated by cellular oxidative stress. Thioredoxin-1 (Trx-1) plays a major role in the regulation of cellular redox balance, with resultant effects on gene expression and cellular responses including cell growth and death. Trx-1 activity is inhibited by interaction with vitamin D-upregulated protein-1 (VDUP-1). Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) is expressed by human monocyte-derived macrophages (HMDM) and PPARgamma agonism has been reported to decrease expression of inflammatory genes and to promote apoptosis of these cells. To determine whether VDUP-1 may be involved in regulating the effects of PPARgamma agonists in macrophages, we investigated the effect of a synthetic PPARgamma agonist (GW929) on the expression of VDUP-1 in HMDM. GW929 concentration-dependently increased HMDM expression of VDUP-1 (mRNA and protein). Transfection of different fragments of the VDUP-1 promoter as well as gel shift analysis revealed the presence of functional PPARgamma response elements (PPRE) in the promoter. Under conditions in which PPAR agonism altered levels of VDUP-1, caspase-3 activity, and macrophage apoptosis were also elevated. The results suggest that PPARgamma activation stimulates apoptosis in human macrophages by altering the cellular redox balance via regulation of VDUP-1.
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Barlow S, Renwick AG, Kleiner J, Bridges JW, Busk L, Dybing E, Edler L, Eisenbrand G, Fink-Gremmels J, Knaap A, Kroes R, Liem D, Müller DJG, Page S, Rolland V, Schlatter J, Tritscher A, Tueting W, Würtzen G. Risk assessment of substances that are both genotoxic and carcinogenic. Food Chem Toxicol 2006; 44:1636-50. [PMID: 16891049 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2006.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2006] [Accepted: 06/26/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) and the World Health Organization (WHO), with the support of the International Life Sciences Institute, European Branch (ILSI Europe), organized an international conference on 16-18 November 2005 to discuss how regulatory and advisory bodies evaluate the potential risks of the presence in food of substances that are both genotoxic and carcinogenic. The objectives of the conference were to discuss the possible approaches for risk assessment of such substances, how the approaches may be interpreted and whether they meet the needs of risk managers. ALARA (as low as reasonably achievable) provides advice based solely on hazard identification and does not take into account either potency or human exposure. The use of quantitative low-dose extrapolation of dose-response data from an animal bioassay raises numerous scientific uncertainties related to the selection of mathematical models and extrapolation down to levels of human exposure. There was consensus that the margin of exposure (MOE) was the preferred approach because it is based on the available animal dose-response data, without extrapolation, and on human exposures. The MOE can be used for prioritisation of risk management actions but the conference recognised that it is difficult to interpret it in terms of health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Barlow
- Harrington House, 8 Harrington Road, Brighton, East Sussex BN1 6RE, United Kingdom
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Sutcliffe A, Kaur D, Page S, Woodman L, Armour CL, Baraket M, Bradding P, Hughes JM, Brightling CE. Mast cell migration to Th2 stimulated airway smooth muscle from asthmatics. Thorax 2006; 61:657-62. [PMID: 16601090 PMCID: PMC2104682 DOI: 10.1136/thx.2005.056770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mast cell microlocalisation within the airway smooth muscle (ASM) bundle is an important determinant of the asthmatic phenotype. We hypothesised that mast cells migrate towards ASM in response to ASM derived chemokines. METHODS Primary ASM cultures from subjects with and without asthma were stimulated with interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-4, and IL-13 alone and in combination. Mast cell chemotaxis towards these ASM supernatants was investigated, and the chemotaxins mediating migration by using specific blocking antibodies for stem cell factor (SCF) and the chemokine receptors CCR3, CXCR1, 3 and 4 as well as the Gi inhibitor pertussis toxin and the tyrosine kinase inhibitor genistein were defined. The concentrations of CCL11, CXCL8, CXCL10, TGF-beta, and SCF in the supernatants were measured and the effect of non-asthmatic ASM supernatants on the mast cell chemotactic activity of asthmatic ASM was examined. RESULTS Human lung mast cells and HMC-1 cells migrated towards Th2 stimulated ASM from asthmatics but not non-asthmatics. Mast cell migration was mediated through the combined activation of CCR3 and CXCR1. CCL11 and CXCL8 expression by ASM increased markedly after stimulation, but was similar in those with and without asthma. ASM supernatants from non-asthmatics inhibited mast cell migration towards the asthmatic ASM supernatant. CONCLUSION Th2 stimulated ASM from asthmatics is chemotactic for mast cells. Non-asthmatic ASM releases a mediator or mediators that inhibit mast cell migration towards stimulated asthmatic ASM. Specifically targeting mast cell migration into the ASM bundle may provide a novel treatment for asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sutcliffe
- Institute for Lung Health, Department of Infection, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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Geerling G, Page S. Knöcherne Orbitadekompression zur Exophthalmuskorrektur bei endokriner Orbitopathie. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 2005. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-922284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- S Page
- University Hospital, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
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Armstrong DS, Arvieux J, Asaturyan R, Averett T, Bailey SL, Batigne G, Beck DH, Beise EJ, Benesch J, Bimbot L, Birchall J, Biselli A, Bosted P, Boukobza E, Breuer H, Carlini R, Carr R, Chant N, Chao YC, Chattopadhyay S, Clark R, Covrig S, Cowley A, Dale D, Davis C, Falk W, Finn JM, Forest T, Franklin G, Furget C, Gaskell D, Grames J, Griffioen KA, Grimm K, Guillon B, Guler H, Hannelius L, Hasty R, Hawthorne Allen A, Horn T, Johnston K, Jones M, Kammel P, Kazimi R, King PM, Kolarkar A, Korkmaz E, Korsch W, Kox S, Kuhn J, Lachniet J, Lee L, Lenoble J, Liatard E, Liu J, Loupias B, Lung A, MacLachlan GA, Marchand D, Martin JW, McFarlane KW, McKee DW, McKeown RD, Merchez F, Mkrtchyan H, Moffit B, Morlet M, Nakagawa I, Nakahara K, Nakos M, Neveling R, Niccolai S, Ong S, Page S, Papavassiliou V, Pate SF, Phillips SK, Pitt ML, Poelker M, Porcelli TA, Quéméner G, Quinn B, Ramsay WD, Rauf AW, Real JS, Roche J, Roos P, Rutledge GA, Secrest J, Simicevic N, Smith GR, Spayde DT, Stepanyan S, Stutzman M, Sulkosky V, Tadevosyan V, Tieulent R, van de Wiele J, van Oers W, Voutier E, Vulcan W, Warren G, Wells SP, Williamson SE, Wood SA, Yan C, Yun J, Zeps V. Strange-quark contributions to parity-violating asymmetries in the forward g0 electron-proton scattering experiment. Phys Rev Lett 2005; 95:092001. [PMID: 16197209 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.95.092001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2005] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
We have measured parity-violating asymmetries in elastic electron-proton scattering over the range of momentum transfers 0.12 < or =Q2 < or =1.0 GeV2. These asymmetries, arising from interference of the electromagnetic and neutral weak interactions, are sensitive to strange-quark contributions to the currents of the proton. The measurements were made at Jefferson Laboratory using a toroidal spectrometer to detect the recoiling protons from a liquid hydrogen target. The results indicate nonzero, Q2 dependent, strange-quark contributions and provide new information beyond that obtained in previous experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Armstrong
- Department of Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187, USA
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Abstract
Anticholinesterases are known to be effective against cognitive and non-cognitive symptoms of Alzheimer's disease (AD) but their effect on the personality changes in the disease is not known. This study examines the effect of anticholinesterase treatment on personality changes in AD. It involved the carers of patients with mild to moderate AD who were currently receiving anticholinesterases in south Manchester. The personality change was measured using the Brooks and McKinlay Personality Inventory. The carers were asked to complete the inventory for each of three periods in the patients' lives: before the onset of AD, after the diagnosis of AD but before starting anticholinesterases, and currently on anticholinesterases. Fifty-eight carers participated in the study. Personality became more negative (total score on the personality inventory became less) following the onset of AD (p < 0.001). Following anticholinesterase treatment, the total score on the personality inventory remained the same or increased in 23 (39%) patients. Scores on individual personality traits remained the same or increased in the majority of patients. In approximately one fifth of the patients, the traits 'does things himself', 'happy', 'calm' and 'cautious' showed improvement on anticholinesterases. The study confirms that personality changes are almost universal and negative in AD and suggests that anticholinesterases may have a positive effect. Further double blind prospective studies are needed to understand natural progression of personality changes in AD and to validate the findings of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Purandare
- Wythenshawe Hospital, Nell Lane, West Didsbury, Manchester, UK.
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Baumgartner B, Weber M, Quirling M, Fischer C, Page S, Adam M, Von Schilling C, Waterhouse C, Schmid C, Neumeier D, Brand K. Increased IkappaB kinase activity is associated with activated NF-kappaB in acute myeloid blasts. Leukemia 2002; 16:2062-71. [PMID: 12357358 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2402641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2001] [Accepted: 05/06/2002] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
NF-kappaB/Rel transcription factors are modulators of immune and inflammatory processes and are also involved in malignancy. Phosphorylation of the IkappaB inhibitors by the IkappaB kinase (IKK) complex leads to their proteasomal degradation, resulting in activated NF-kappaB. Here, we investigated the activation status of NF-kappaB and the IKK complex in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Gelshift assays revealed an increased level of activated nuclear NF-kappaB in myeloid blasts. Both bone marrow and peripheral blood blasts from AML patients showed enhanced IKK activity relative to controls, whereas the IKK protein concentrations were comparable. In addition, an increased level of IkappaB-alpha was detected in AML blast cells, although this appeared to be insufficient to block nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB, also confirmed by immunofluorescence. In subtype M4 and M5 AML cells a more extensive NF-kappaB activation and higher IKK activity was found than in M1/M2 specimens. Isolated AML blasts cultured ex vivo responded to external stimulation (TNF, LPS) by further IKK activation, IkappaB degradation and NF-kappaB activation. Preincubation with the proteasome inhibitor PSI inhibited the NF-kappaB system in isolated AML blasts. This study established for the first time a dysregulation of IKK signaling in AML leading to increased NF-kappaB activity suggesting potential therapeutic avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Baumgartner
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Germany
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Abstract
Asthma is characterized by inflammation, hyperresponsiveness, and remodeling of the airway. Human mast cells (HMCs) play a central role in all of these changes by releasing mediators that cause exaggerated bronchoconstriction, induce human airway smooth muscle (HASM) cell proliferation, and recruit and activate inflammatory cells. Moreover, the number of HMCs present on asthmatic HASM is increased compared with that on nonasthmatic HASM. HASM cells also have the potential to actively participate in the inflammatory process by synthesizing cytokines and chemokines and expressing surface molecules, which have the capacity to perpetuate the inflammatory mechanisms present in asthma. This review specifically examines how the mediators of HMCs have the capacity to modulate many functions of HASM; how the synthetic function of HASM, particularly through the release and expression of stem cell factor, has the potential to influence HMC number and activation in an extraordinarily potent and proinflammatory manner; and how these interactions between HMCs and HASM have potential consequences for airway structure and inflammation relevant to the disease process of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Page
- Respiratory Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.
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Erali M, Page S, Reimer LG, Hillyard DR. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 drug resistance testing: a comparison of three sequence-based methods. J Clin Microbiol 2001; 39:2157-65. [PMID: 11376051 PMCID: PMC88105 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.39.6.2157-2165.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of genotypic assays for determining drug resistance in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 (HIV-1)-infected patients is increasing. These tests lack standardization and validation. The aim of this study was to evaluate several tests used for the determination of HIV-1 drug resistance. Two genotypic tests, the Visible Genetics TruGene HIV-1 Genotyping Kit and the Applied Biosystems HIV Genotyping System, were compared using 22 clinical samples. Genotyping results were also obtained from an independent reference laboratory. The Visible Genetics and Applied Biosystems genotyping tests identified similar mutations when differences in the drug databases and reference strains were taken into account, and 19 of 21 samples were equivalent. The concordance between the two assays was 99% (249 of 252 mutation sites). Mutations identified by the reference laboratory varied the most among those identified by the three genotypic tests, possibly because of differences in the databases. The concordance of the reference laboratory results with the results of the other two assays was 80% (201 of 252). Samples with 500 to 750 HIV RNA copies/ml could be sequenced by the Visible Genetics and Applied Biosystems assays using 1 ml of input. The Visible Genetics and Applied Biosystems assays both generated an accurate sequence. However, the throughput of the Visible Genetics assay is more limited and may require additional instruments. The two assays differ technically but are similar in overall complexity. Data analysis in the two assays is straightforward, but only the reports provided by Visible Genetics contain information relating mutations to drug resistance. HIV drug resistance genotyping by sequencing is a complex technology which presents a challenge for analysis, interpretation, and reporting.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Erali
- ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, 500 Chipeta Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA.
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Abstract
The paper reports findings from a multidisciplinary programme of research, the major aims of which were to determine the nature and extent of the New Zealand adventure tourism injury problem. Analysis of hospital discharge and mortality data for a 15-year period identified adventure tourism-related activities as contributing to approximately 20% of overseas visitor injuries, and 22% of fatalities. Activities that commonly involve independent-unguided adventure tourism, notably mountaineering, skiing and tramping, contributed most to injury and fatality incidence. Horse riding and cycling activities were identified from hospital discharge data and adventure tourism operators' reported client injury-incidence, as the commercial adventure tourism activities most frequently involved in client injuries. Falls were the most common injury events, and a range of client, equipment, environmental and organisational risk factors were identified. Possible interventions to reduce injury risk among overseas and domestic adventure tourists are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Bentley
- Forest Research, Rotorua, New Zealand
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Page S, Cramer K. Maclean's rankings of health care indices in Canadian communities, 2000: comparisons and statistical contrivance. Can J Public Health 2001; 92:295-8. [PMID: 11962116 PMCID: PMC6979955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
A critical perspective is presented in regard to the 2000 regional rankings of Canadian health care indices by Maclean's magazine, June 5, 2000. This perspective is related in format to previous analyses of the Maclean's rankings of Canadian universities. Several pitfalls in the health care ranking procedures are summarized. The Maclean's data and general criteria appear conceptually reasonable, but their inconsistencies and limited range, together with problems in interpretation of rank data, do not allow them to be logically or empirically useful in the matter of health care evaluation, that is, in the manner portrayed for readers of Maclean's. Using a particular set of parameters defined as health "indicators," the rank data show gratuitously that communities better endowed with certain health services, such as those with medical schools, tend to provide higher levels of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Page
- University of Windsor, 401 Sunset, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4
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Page S. Dementia care and cholinesterase inhibitors. Prof Nurse 2001; 16:1421-4. [PMID: 12026864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
NICE has produced guidance on the use of cholinesterase inhibitors in dementia. ChEIs may postpone the onset of severe symptoms of dementia. Over 80% of people with dementia live in the community and nurses will become increasingly involved in the holistic care of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Page
- South Manchester Memory Clinic, Withington Hospital, West Didsbury, Manchester
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Page S. Demystifying practice development. Nurs Times 2001; 97:36-7. [PMID: 11954429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S Page
- Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Trust
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