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de Paula VG, de Sousa RS, da Silva RCMR, Alves EG, Caetano AR, Ianella P, de Campos TA. fim3-24/ptxP-3 genotype is associated to whooping cough outbreak in Brazilian Midwest: The selection of Bordetella pertussis strains driven by vaccine immunization. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2024; 121:105599. [PMID: 38679113 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2024.105599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Whopping cough (or Pertussis) is an acute infectious respiratory disease caused by Bordetella pertussis bacteria. The disease is highly transmissible and can be fatal in children under two years old. Since the introduction of vaccine immunization in 1940, Pertussis incidence decreased worldwide. In Brazil, the immunization was introduced in 1977 using the whole cell (wP) vaccine. Despite the high vaccination coverage, an unexpected increase in the number of observed Pertussis cases was observed in 2012. In this year, 2257 cases were reported exceeding the average incidence rate of <1000 cases per year until 2010. This outbreak reached a peak level in 2014 and ended in 2018 according to the Brazilian National Surveillance System (SINAN). To understand the relationship between the outbreak and the vaccination, bacterial isolates (n = 136) from the Brazilian Midwest region obtained during the outbreak were submitted to genotyping of two vaccine loci: ptxP and fim3. Most of isolates (102) were obtained from nursing children (29 days to 2 years old). Genotyping of 94 isolates revealed that fim3-24/ptxP-3 was the most prevalent genotype (68%) associated with the outbreak peak. Two additional genotypes were also observed: fim3-1/ptxP-3 (15%) and fim3-3/ptxP-3 (17%). Conversely, the fim3-1/ptxP-2 genotype, which is harbored by the strain used in the wP vaccine (Bp137), was not observed. These results showed that B. pertussis circulating strains in the outbreak analyzed were different from the strain used for Pertussis immunization in Brazil. These observations provide insights that could be used to target vaccination programs to prevent future whooping cough outbreaks in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Gomes de Paula
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Microbiana, Universidade de Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | | | - Rafaella Christina Moreira Rocha da Silva
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Microbiana, Universidade de Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil; Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | | | | | - Patrícia Ianella
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Amabile de Campos
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Microbiana, Universidade de Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil; Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil.
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Miguelena Chamorro B, De Luca K, Swaminathan G, Longet S, Mundt E, Paul S. Bordetella bronchiseptica and Bordetella pertussis: Similarities and Differences in Infection, Immuno-Modulation, and Vaccine Considerations. Clin Microbiol Rev 2023; 36:e0016422. [PMID: 37306571 PMCID: PMC10512794 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00164-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella bronchiseptica belong to the genus Bordetella, which comprises 14 other species. B. pertussis is responsible for whooping cough in humans, a severe infection in children and less severe or chronic in adults. These infections are restricted to humans and currently increasing worldwide. B. bronchiseptica is involved in diverse respiratory infections in a wide range of mammals. For instance, the canine infectious respiratory disease complex (CIRDC), characterized by a chronic cough in dogs. At the same time, it is increasingly implicated in human infections, while remaining an important pathogen in the veterinary field. Both Bordetella can evade and modulate host immune responses to support their persistence, although it is more pronounced in B. bronchiseptica infection. The protective immune responses elicited by both pathogens are comparable, while there are important characteristics in the mechanisms that differ. However, B. pertussis pathogenesis is more difficult to decipher in animal models than those of B. bronchiseptica because of its restriction to humans. Nevertheless, the licensed vaccines for each Bordetella are different in terms of formulation, route of administration and immune responses induced, with no known cross-reaction between them. Moreover, the target of the mucosal tissues and the induction of long-lasting cellular and humoral responses are required to control and eliminate Bordetella. In addition, the interaction between both veterinary and human fields are essential for the control of this genus, by preventing the infections in animals and the subsequent zoonotic transmission to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Miguelena Chamorro
- CIRI – Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP (Saint-Etienne), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, UJM, Lyon, France
- Boehringer Ingelheim, Global Innovation, Saint-Priest, France
| | - Karelle De Luca
- Boehringer Ingelheim, Global Innovation, Saint-Priest, France
| | | | - Stéphanie Longet
- CIRI – Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP (Saint-Etienne), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, UJM, Lyon, France
- CIC Inserm 1408 Vaccinology, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Egbert Mundt
- Boehringer Ingelheim, Global Innovation, Saint-Priest, France
| | - Stéphane Paul
- CIRI – Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP (Saint-Etienne), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, UJM, Lyon, France
- CIC Inserm 1408 Vaccinology, Saint-Etienne, France
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3
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Matczak S, Bouchez V, Leroux P, Douché T, Collinet N, Landier A, Gianetto QG, Guillot S, Chamot-Rooke J, Hasan M, Matondo M, Brisse S, Toubiana J. Biological differences between FIM2 and FIM3 fimbriae of Bordetella pertussis: not just the serotype. Microbes Infect 2023; 25:105152. [PMID: 37245862 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2023.105152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bordetella pertussis still circulates worldwide despite vaccination. Fimbriae are components of some acellular pertussis vaccines. Population fluctuations of B. pertussis fimbrial serotypes (FIM2 and FIM3) are observed, and fim3 alleles (fim3-1 [clade 1] and fim3-2 [clade 2]) mark a major phylogenetic subdivision of B. pertussis. OBJECTIVES To compare microbiological characteristics and expressed protein profiles between fimbrial serotypes FIM2 and FIM3 and genomic clades. METHODS A total of 19 isolates were selected. Absolute protein abundance of the main virulence factors, autoagglutination and biofilm formation, bacterial survival in whole blood, induced blood cell cytokine secretion, and global proteome profiles were assessed. RESULTS Compared to FIM3, FIM2 isolates produced more fimbriae, less cellular pertussis toxin subunit 1 and more biofilm, but auto-agglutinated less. FIM2 isolates had a lower survival rate in cord blood, but induced higher levels of IL-4, IL-8 and IL-1β secretion. Global proteome comparisons uncovered 15 differentially produced proteins between FIM2 and FIM3 isolates, involved in adhesion and metabolism of metals. FIM3 isolates of clade 2 produced more FIM3 and more biofilm compared to clade 1. CONCLUSION FIM serotype and fim3 clades are associated with proteomic and other biological differences, which may have implications on pathogenesis and epidemiological emergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soraya Matczak
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens, 28, Rue Du Docteur Roux, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Bouchez
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens, 28, Rue Du Docteur Roux, 75015, Paris, France; National Reference Center for Whooping Cough and Other Bordetella Infections, Institut Pasteur, 28, Rue Du Docteur Roux, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Pauline Leroux
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens, 28, Rue Du Docteur Roux, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Thibaut Douché
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UAR2024, Proteomics Platform, Mass Spectrometry for Biology Unit, 28, Rue Du Docteur Roux, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Nils Collinet
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens, 28, Rue Du Docteur Roux, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Annie Landier
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens, 28, Rue Du Docteur Roux, 75015, Paris, France; National Reference Center for Whooping Cough and Other Bordetella Infections, Institut Pasteur, 28, Rue Du Docteur Roux, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Quentin Giai Gianetto
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UAR2024, Proteomics Platform, Mass Spectrometry for Biology Unit, 28, Rue Du Docteur Roux, 75015, Paris, France; Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub, 28, Rue Du Docteur Roux, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Guillot
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens, 28, Rue Du Docteur Roux, 75015, Paris, France; National Reference Center for Whooping Cough and Other Bordetella Infections, Institut Pasteur, 28, Rue Du Docteur Roux, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Julia Chamot-Rooke
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UAR2024, Proteomics Platform, Mass Spectrometry for Biology Unit, 28, Rue Du Docteur Roux, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Milena Hasan
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Cytometry and Biomarkers Unit of Technology and Service (CB UTechS), 28, Rue Du Docteur Roux, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Mariette Matondo
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UAR2024, Proteomics Platform, Mass Spectrometry for Biology Unit, 28, Rue Du Docteur Roux, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Sylvain Brisse
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens, 28, Rue Du Docteur Roux, 75015, Paris, France; National Reference Center for Whooping Cough and Other Bordetella Infections, Institut Pasteur, 28, Rue Du Docteur Roux, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Julie Toubiana
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens, 28, Rue Du Docteur Roux, 75015, Paris, France; National Reference Center for Whooping Cough and Other Bordetella Infections, Institut Pasteur, 28, Rue Du Docteur Roux, 75015, Paris, France; Department of General Pediatrics and Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, APHP, Université Paris Cité, 149, Rue de Sèvres, 75015, Paris, France.
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4
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Otsuka N, Koide K, Goto M, Kamachi K, Kenri T. Fim3-dependent autoagglutination of Bordetella pertussis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7629. [PMID: 37165008 PMCID: PMC10172299 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34672-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoagglutination (Agg) of Bordetella pertussis is often observed in clinical laboratory. However, its causal factors and frequency in circulating strains are unknown. Repeated single colony isolation enabled us to detect an Agg- mutant in the supernatant of an Agg+ strain of B. pertussis. Whole-genome sequencing and immunoblot analysis disclosed that the Agg- mutant had a single C-deletion in its fim3 promoter region (Pfim3) which abolished Fim3 fimbriae production. A B. pertussis fim3-knock out mutant also lacked the Agg+ phenotype. Agg+ clinical isolates were detected a higher production of Fim3 than Fim3-producing Agg- isolates. B. pertussis is known to harbor multiple Pfim3 poly(C) lengths within a single strain culture and our newly developed PCR/LDR assay revealed that Agg+ isolates harbor the highest Pfim3 poly-14C abundance. We evaluated the frequency of autoagglutination in clinical B. pertussis isolates collected in Japan between 1994 and 2018 (n = 203). Fim3 production was confirmed for 190 isolates and 74.7% of them displayed the Agg+ phenotype. The Agg+ phenotype was strongly associated with Pfim3 poly-14C abundance. Taken together, our findings demonstrated that B. pertussis autoagglutination occurs in response to high Fim3 levels and the Agg+ strain has predominated in Japan over the past two decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nao Otsuka
- Department of Bacteriology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, 208-0011, Japan.
| | - Kentaro Koide
- Department of Bacteriology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, 208-0011, Japan
| | - Masataka Goto
- Department of Bacteriology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, 208-0011, Japan
| | - Kazunari Kamachi
- Department of Bacteriology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, 208-0011, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Kenri
- Department of Bacteriology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, 208-0011, Japan
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5
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Nian X, Liu H, Cai M, Duan K, Yang X. Coping Strategies for Pertussis Resurgence. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:889. [PMID: 37242993 PMCID: PMC10220650 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11050889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Pertussis (whooping cough) is a respiratory disease caused primarily by Bordetella pertussis, a Gram-negative bacteria. Pertussis is a relatively contagious infectious disease in people of all ages, mainly affecting newborns and infants under 2 months of age. Pertussis is undergoing a resurgence despite decades of high rates of vaccination. To better cope with the challenge of pertussis resurgence, we evaluated its possible causes and potential countermeasures in the narrative review. Expanded vaccination coverage, optimized vaccination strategies, and the development of a new pertussis vaccine may contribute to the control of pertussis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanxuan Nian
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan 430207, China
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Hongbo Liu
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan 430207, China
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Mengyao Cai
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan 430207, China
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Kai Duan
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan 430207, China
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Xiaoming Yang
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan 430207, China
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China
- China National Biotech Group Company Limited, Bejing 100029, China
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6
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Xu Z, Hu D, Luu LDW, Octavia S, Keil AD, Sintchenko V, Tanaka MM, Mooi FR, Robson J, Lan R. Genomic dissection of the microevolution of Australian epidemic Bordetella pertussis. Emerg Microbes Infect 2022; 11:1460-1473. [PMID: 35543519 PMCID: PMC9176669 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2022.2077129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Whooping cough (pertussis) is a highly contagious respiratory disease caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis. Despite high vaccine coverage, pertussis has re-emerged in many countries including Australia and caused two large epidemics in Australia since 2007. Here, we undertook a genomic and phylogeographic study of 385 Australian B. pertussis isolates collected from 2008 to 2017. The Australian B. pertussis population was found to be composed of mostly ptxP3 strains carrying different fim3 alleles, with ptxP3-fim3A genotype expanding far more than ptxP3-fim3B. Within the former, there were six co-circulating epidemic lineages (EL1 to EL6). The multiple ELs emerged, expanded, and then declined at different time points over the two epidemics. In population genetics terms, both hard and soft selective sweeps through vaccine selection pressures have determined the population dynamics of Australian B. pertussis. Relative risk estimation suggests that once a new B. pertussis lineage emerged, it was more likely to spread locally within the first 1.5 years. However, after 1.5 years, any new lineage was likely to expand to a wider region. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the expansion of ptxP3 strains was also associated with replacement of the type III secretion system allele bscI1 with bscI3. bscI3 is associated with decreased T3SS secretion and may allow B. pertussis to reduce immune recognition. This study advanced our understanding of the epidemic population structure and spatial and temporal dynamics of B. pertussis in a highly immunized population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Xu
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Dalong Hu
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Laurence Don Wai Luu
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sophie Octavia
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Anthony D Keil
- Department of Microbiology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - Vitali Sintchenko
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology-Public Health, Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, NSW Health Pathology and Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia.,Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mark M Tanaka
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Frits R Mooi
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jenny Robson
- Sullivan Nicolaides Pathology, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ruiting Lan
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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7
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Lefrancq N, Bouchez V, Fernandes N, Barkoff AM, Bosch T, Dalby T, Åkerlund T, Darenberg J, Fabianova K, Vestrheim DF, Fry NK, González-López JJ, Gullsby K, Habington A, He Q, Litt D, Martini H, Piérard D, Stefanelli P, Stegger M, Zavadilova J, Armatys N, Landier A, Guillot S, Hong SL, Lemey P, Parkhill J, Toubiana J, Cauchemez S, Salje H, Brisse S. Global spatial dynamics and vaccine-induced fitness changes of Bordetella pertussis. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabn3253. [PMID: 35476597 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abn3253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
As with other pathogens, competitive interactions between Bordetella pertussis strains drive infection risk. Vaccines are thought to perturb strain diversity through shifts in immune pressures; however, this has rarely been measured because of inadequate data and analytical tools. We used 3344 sequences from 23 countries to show that, on average, there are 28.1 transmission chains circulating within a subnational region, with the number of chains strongly associated with host population size. It took 5 to 10 years for B. pertussis to be homogeneously distributed throughout Europe, with the same time frame required for the United States. Increased fitness of pertactin-deficient strains after implementation of acellular vaccines, but reduced fitness otherwise, can explain long-term genotype dynamics. These findings highlight the role of vaccine policy in shifting local diversity of a pathogen that is responsible for 160,000 deaths annually.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noémie Lefrancq
- Insitut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases Unit, UMR2000, CNRS, 75015 Paris, France.,Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK
| | - Valérie Bouchez
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens, 75724 Paris, France.,National Reference Center for Whooping Cough and Other Bordetella Infections, 75724 Paris, France
| | - Nadia Fernandes
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens, 75724 Paris, France
| | - Alex-Mikael Barkoff
- University of Turku UTU, Institute of Biomedicine, Research Center for Infections and Immunity, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Thijs Bosch
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Tine Dalby
- Statens Serum Institut, Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi/Infectious Disease Preparedness, 2300 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Åkerlund
- The Public Health Agency of Sweden, Unit for Laboratory Surveillance of Bacterial Pathogens, SE-171 82 Solna, Sweden
| | - Jessica Darenberg
- The Public Health Agency of Sweden, Unit for Laboratory Surveillance of Bacterial Pathogens, SE-171 82 Solna, Sweden
| | - Katerina Fabianova
- National Institute of Public Health, Department of Infectious Diseases Epidemiology, CZ-10000 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Didrik F Vestrheim
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Department of Infectious Disease Control and Vaccine, N-0213 Oslo, Norway
| | - Norman K Fry
- Respiratory and Vaccine Preventable Bacteria Reference Unit, Public Health England-National Infection Service, London NW9 5EQ, UK.,Immunisation and Countermeasures Division, Public Health England-National Infection Service, London NW9 5EQ, UK
| | - Juan José González-López
- University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Microbiology Department, 08035 Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Department of Genetics and Microbiology, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Karolina Gullsby
- Centre for Research and Development, Uppsala University/Region Gävleborg, 80187 Gävle, Sweden
| | - Adele Habington
- Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Children's Health Ireland, Crumlin, D12 N512 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Qiushui He
- University of Turku UTU, Institute of Biomedicine, Research Center for Infections and Immunity, FI-20520 Turku, Finland.,InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - David Litt
- Respiratory and Vaccine Preventable Bacteria Reference Unit, Public Health England-National Infection Service, London NW9 5EQ, UK
| | - Helena Martini
- Department of Microbiology, National Reference Centre for Bordetella pertussis, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), B-1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Denis Piérard
- Department of Microbiology, National Reference Centre for Bordetella pertussis, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), B-1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Paola Stefanelli
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, IT-00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Marc Stegger
- Statens Serum Institut, Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi/Infectious Disease Preparedness, 2300 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jana Zavadilova
- National Institute of Public Health, National Reference Laboratory for Pertussis and Diphtheria, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Nathalie Armatys
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens, 75724 Paris, France.,National Reference Center for Whooping Cough and Other Bordetella Infections, 75724 Paris, France
| | - Annie Landier
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens, 75724 Paris, France.,National Reference Center for Whooping Cough and Other Bordetella Infections, 75724 Paris, France
| | - Sophie Guillot
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens, 75724 Paris, France.,National Reference Center for Whooping Cough and Other Bordetella Infections, 75724 Paris, France
| | - Samuel L Hong
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Philippe Lemey
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Julian Parkhill
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Julie Toubiana
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens, 75724 Paris, France.,National Reference Center for Whooping Cough and Other Bordetella Infections, 75724 Paris, France.,Université Paris Cité, Department of General Paediatrics and Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, APHP, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Simon Cauchemez
- Insitut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases Unit, UMR2000, CNRS, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Henrik Salje
- Insitut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases Unit, UMR2000, CNRS, 75015 Paris, France.,Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK
| | - Sylvain Brisse
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens, 75724 Paris, France.,National Reference Center for Whooping Cough and Other Bordetella Infections, 75724 Paris, France
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8
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Mir-Cros A, Moreno-Mingorance A, Martín-Gómez MT, Abad R, Bloise I, Campins M, González-Praetorius A, Gutiérrez MN, Martín-González H, Muñoz-Almagro C, Orellana MÁ, de Pablos M, Roca-Grande J, Rodrigo C, Rodríguez ME, Uriona S, Vidal MJ, Pumarola T, Larrosa MN, González-López JJ. Pertactin-Deficient Bordetella pertussis with Unusual Mechanism of Pertactin Disruption, Spain, 1986-2018. Emerg Infect Dis 2022; 28:967-976. [PMID: 35447067 PMCID: PMC9045434 DOI: 10.3201/eid2805.211958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Bordetella pertussis not expressing pertactin has increased in countries using acellular pertussis vaccines (ACV). The deficiency is mostly caused by pertactin gene disruption by IS481. To assess the effect of the transition from whole-cell vaccine to ACV on the emergence of B. pertussis not expressing pertactin in Spain, we studied 342 isolates collected during 1986–2018. We identified 93 pertactin-deficient isolates. All were detected after introduction of ACV and represented 38% of isolates collected during the ACV period; 58.1% belonged to a genetic cluster of isolates carrying the unusual prn::del(–292, 1340) mutation. Pertactin inactivation by IS481 insertion was identified in 23.7% of pertactin-deficient isolates, arising independently multiple times and in different phylogenetic branches. Our findings support the emergence and dissemination of a cluster of B. pertussis with an infrequent mechanism of pertactin disruption in Spain, probably resulting from introduction of ACV.
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Prygiel M, Mosiej E, Wdowiak K, Górska P, Polak M, Lis K, Krysztopa-Grzybowska K, Zasada AA. Effectiveness of experimental and commercial pertussis vaccines in the elimination of Bordetella pertussis isolates with different genetic profiles in murine model. Med Microbiol Immunol 2021; 210:251-262. [PMID: 34338880 PMCID: PMC8326312 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-021-00718-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the elimination of Bordetella pertussis clinical isolates, representing different genotypes in relation to alleles encoding virulence factors (MLST-multi-locus antigen sequence typing), MLVA type (multi-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis) and PFGE group (pulsed-field gel electrophoresis) from the lungs of naive mice or mice were immunised with the commercial whole-cell pertussis vaccine, the acellular pertussis vaccine and the experimental whole-cell pertussis vaccine. Molecular data indicate that the resurgence of pertussis in populations with high vaccine coverage is associated with genomic adaptation of B. pertussis, to vaccine selection pressure. Pertactin-negative B. pertussis isolates were suspected to contribute to the reduced vaccine effectiveness. It was shown that one of the isolates used is PRN deficient. The mice were intranasally challenged with bacterial suspension containing approximately 5 × 10 7 CFU/ml B. pertussis. The immunogenicity of the tested vaccines against PT (pertussis toxin), PRN (pertactin), FHA (filamentous haemagglutinin) and FIM (fimbriae types 2 and 3) was examined. The commercial whole-cell and acellular pertussis vaccines induced an immunity effective at eliminating the genetically different B. pertussis isolates from the lungs. However, the elimination of the PRN-deficient isolate from the lungs of mice vaccinated with commercial vaccines was delayed as compared to the PRN ( +) isolate, suggesting phenotypic differences with the circulating isolates and vaccine strains. The most effective vaccine was the experimental vaccine with the composition identical to that of the strains used for infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Prygiel
- Department of Vaccines and Sera Evaluation, National Institute of Public Health, National Institute of Hygiene, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Ewa Mosiej
- Department of Vaccines and Sera Evaluation, National Institute of Public Health, National Institute of Hygiene, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karol Wdowiak
- Department of Vaccines and Sera Evaluation, National Institute of Public Health, National Institute of Hygiene, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paulina Górska
- Department of Vaccines and Sera Evaluation, National Institute of Public Health, National Institute of Hygiene, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Polak
- Department of Vaccines and Sera Evaluation, National Institute of Public Health, National Institute of Hygiene, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Klaudia Lis
- Department of Vaccines and Sera Evaluation, National Institute of Public Health, National Institute of Hygiene, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Krysztopa-Grzybowska
- Department of Vaccines and Sera Evaluation, National Institute of Public Health, National Institute of Hygiene, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Anna Zasada
- Department of Vaccines and Sera Evaluation, National Institute of Public Health, National Institute of Hygiene, Warsaw, Poland
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10
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Bouchez V, Guillot S, Landier A, Armatys N, Matczak S, Toubiana J, Brisse S. Evolution of Bordetella pertussis over a 23-year period in France, 1996 to 2018. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 26. [PMID: 34533118 PMCID: PMC8447829 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2021.26.37.2001213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundBordetella pertussis is the main agent of whooping cough. Vaccination with acellular pertussis vaccines has been largely implemented in high-income countries. These vaccines contain 1 to 5 antigens: pertussis toxin (PT), filamentous haemagglutinin (FHA), pertactin (PRN) and/or fimbrial proteins (FIM2 and FIM3). Monitoring the emergence of B. pertussis isolates that might partially escape vaccine-induced immunity is an essential component of public health strategies to control whooping cough.AimWe aimed to investigate temporal trends of fimbriae serotypes and vaccine antigen-expression in B. pertussis over a 23-year period in France (1996-2018).MethodsIsolates (n = 2,280) were collected through hospital surveillance, capturing one third of hospitalised paediatric pertussis cases. We assayed PT, FHA and PRN production by Western blot (n = 1,428) and fimbriae production by serotyping (n = 1,058). Molecular events underlying antigen deficiency were investigated by genomic sequencing.ResultsThe proportion of PRN-deficient B. pertussis isolates has increased steadily from 0% (0/38) in 2003 to 48.4% (31/64) in 2018 (chi-squared test for trend, p < 0.0001), whereas only 5 PT-, 5 FHA- and 9 FIM-deficient isolates were found. Impairment of PRN production was predominantly due to IS481 insertion within the prn gene or a 22 kb genomic inversion involving the prn promoter sequence, indicative of convergent evolution. FIM2-expressing isolates have emerged since 2011 at the expense of FIM3.ConclusionsB. pertussis is evolving through the rapid increase of PRN-deficient isolates and a recent shift from FIM3 to FIM2 expression. Excluding PRN, the loss of vaccine antigen expression by circulating B. pertussis isolates is epidemiologically insignificant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Bouchez
- Institut Pasteur, Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens, Paris, France.,Institut Pasteur, National Reference Center for Whooping Cough and other Bordetella infections, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Guillot
- Institut Pasteur, Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens, Paris, France.,Institut Pasteur, National Reference Center for Whooping Cough and other Bordetella infections, Paris, France
| | - Annie Landier
- Institut Pasteur, Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens, Paris, France.,Institut Pasteur, National Reference Center for Whooping Cough and other Bordetella infections, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Armatys
- Institut Pasteur, Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens, Paris, France.,Institut Pasteur, National Reference Center for Whooping Cough and other Bordetella infections, Paris, France
| | - Soraya Matczak
- Institut Pasteur, Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, Collège doctoral, Paris, France
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- The members of the group are listed under Investigators
| | - Julie Toubiana
- Institut Pasteur, Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens, Paris, France.,Institut Pasteur, National Reference Center for Whooping Cough and other Bordetella infections, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Department of General Pediatrics and Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Sylvain Brisse
- Institut Pasteur, Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens, Paris, France.,Institut Pasteur, National Reference Center for Whooping Cough and other Bordetella infections, Paris, France
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11
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Ghasemnejad A, Bazmara S, Shadmani M, Bagheri KP. Designing a New Multi-Epitope Pertussis Vaccine with Highly Population Coverage Based on a Novel Sequence and Structural Filtration Algorithm. IEEE/ACM TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY AND BIOINFORMATICS 2021; 18:1885-1892. [PMID: 31831431 DOI: 10.1109/tcbb.2019.2958803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Pertussis vaccine is produced from physicochemically inactivated toxin for many years. Recent advancements in immunoinformatics [N. Tomar and R. K. De, "Immunoinformatics: an integrated scenario," Immunology, vol. 131, no. 2, pp. 153-168, 2010] and structural bioinformatics can provide a new multidisciplinary approach to overcome the concerns including unwanted antibodies and incomplete population coverage. In this study we focused on solving the challenging issues by designing a multi-epitope vaccine (MEV) using rational bioinformatics analyses. The frequencies of All HLA DP, DQ, and DR alleles were evaluated in almost all countries. Strong binder surface epitopes on the pertussis toxin were selected based on our novel filtration strategy. Finally, the population coverage of MEV was determined in the candidate country. Filtration steps yielded 312 strong binder epitopes. Finally, 8 surface strong binder epitopes were selected as candidate epitopes. The population coverage of the MEV in France and the world was 98 and 100 percent, respectively. Our algorithm successfully filtered many unwanted strong binder epitopes. Considering the HLA type of all individuals in a country, we theoretically provided the maximum chance to all humans to be vaccinated efficiently. Application of a MEV would be led to production of highly efficient target specific antibodies, significant reduction of unwanted antibodies, and avoid possible raising of auto-antibodies as well.
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12
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Omics Analysis of Blood-Responsive Regulon in Bordetella pertussis Identifies a Novel Essential T3SS Substrate. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020736. [PMID: 33450976 PMCID: PMC7828420 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial pathogens sense specific cues associated with different host niches and integrate these signals to appropriately adjust the global gene expression. Bordetella pertussis is a Gram-negative, strictly human pathogen of the respiratory tract and the etiological agent of whooping cough (pertussis). Though B. pertussis does not cause invasive infections, previous results indicated that this reemerging pathogen responds to blood exposure. Here, omics RNA-seq and LC–MS/MS techniques were applied to determine the blood-responsive regulon of B. pertussis. These analyses revealed that direct contact with blood rewired global gene expression profiles in B. pertussis as the expression of almost 20% of all genes was significantly modulated. However, upon loss of contact with blood, the majority of blood-specific effects vanished, with the exception of several genes encoding the T3SS-secreted substrates. For the first time, the T3SS regulator BtrA was identified in culture supernatants of B. pertussis. Furthermore, proteomic analysis identified BP2259 protein as a novel secreted T3SS substrate, which is required for T3SS functionality. Collectively, presented data indicate that contact with blood represents an important cue for B. pertussis cells.
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13
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Chasaide CN, Mills KH. Next-Generation Pertussis Vaccines Based on the Induction of Protective T Cells in the Respiratory Tract. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:E621. [PMID: 33096737 PMCID: PMC7711671 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8040621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunization with current acellular pertussis (aP) vaccines protects against severe pertussis, but immunity wanes rapidly after vaccination and these vaccines do not prevent nasal colonization with Bordetella pertussis. Studies in mouse and baboon models have demonstrated that Th1 and Th17 responses are integral to protective immunity induced by previous infection with B. pertussis and immunization with whole cell pertussis (wP) vaccines. Mucosal Th17 cells, IL-17 and secretory IgA (sIgA) are particularly important in generating sustained sterilizing immunity in the nasal cavity. Current aP vaccines induce potent IgG and Th2-skewed T cell responses but are less effective at generating Th1 and Th17 responses and fail to prime respiratory tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells, that maintain long-term immunity at mucosal sites. In contrast, a live attenuated pertussis vaccine, pertussis outer membrane vesicle (OMV) vaccines or aP vaccines formulated with novel adjuvants do induce cellular immune responses in the respiratory tract, especially when delivered by the intranasal route. An increased understanding of the mechanisms of sustained protective immunity, especially the role of respiratory TRM cells, will facilitate the development of next generation pertussis vaccines that not only protect against pertussis disease, but prevent nasal colonization and transmission of B. pertussis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kingston H.G. Mills
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, 2, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland;
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14
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Dewan KK, Linz B, DeRocco SE, Harvill ET. Acellular Pertussis Vaccine Components: Today and Tomorrow. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8020217. [PMID: 32414005 PMCID: PMC7349526 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8020217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pertussis is a highly communicable acute respiratory infection caused by Bordetella pertussis. Immunity is not lifelong after natural infection or vaccination. Pertussis outbreaks occur cyclically worldwide and effective vaccination strategies are needed to control disease. Whole-cell pertussis (wP) vaccines became available in the 1940s but have been replaced in many countries with acellular pertussis (aP) vaccines. This review summarizes disease epidemiology before and after the introduction of wP and aP vaccines, discusses the rationale and clinical implications for antigen inclusion in aP vaccines, and provides an overview of novel vaccine strategies aimed at better combating pertussis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalyan K. Dewan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (K.K.D.); (B.L.)
| | - Bodo Linz
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (K.K.D.); (B.L.)
| | | | - Eric T. Harvill
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (K.K.D.); (B.L.)
- Correspondence:
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15
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Vesikari T, Xu J, Johnson DR, Hall J, Marček T, Goveia MG, Acosta CJ, Lee AWT. Hepatitis B and pertussis antibodies in 4- to 5-year-old children previously vaccinated with different hexavalent vaccines. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2020; 16:867-874. [PMID: 31689166 PMCID: PMC7227712 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2019.1673119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In randomized active-comparator controlled studies, DTaP5-HB-IPV-Hib showed comparable immunogenicity and safety to other licensed vaccines. This study assessed persistence of anti-hepatitis B surface antigen (HBs) and anti-pertussis antibodies, when children were 4 to 5 years of age, 3 to 4 years after initial infant/toddler hexavalent vaccination. This was an extension of 2 European studies in which infants/toddlers received either DTaP5-HB-IPV-Hib or DTaP3-HB-IPV/Hib on a 2 + 1 or 3 + 1 schedule. Primary endpoints included percentages with anti-HBs ≥10 mIU/mL, and anti-pertussis toxin (PT), anti-filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA), anti-pertactin (PRN), and anti-fimbriae types 2 & 3 (FIM) greater than or equal to the lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ). One month after 2 + 1 or 3 + 1 dosing, nearly all toddlers had anti-HBs ≥10 mIU/mL, and responded to the received pertussis antigens. Approximately 3 to 4 years later, 65.8%-70.2% in the DTaP5-HB-IPV-Hib and 82.0%-83.7% in the DTaP3-HB-IPV/Hib groups, respectively, had anti-HBs ≥10 mIU/mL. Percentages of children with pertussis antibodies above LLOQ after 2 + 1 dosing were 58.4% and 41.5% (anti-PT), 80.9% and 88.3% (anti-FHA), 66.1% and 72.6% (anti-PRN), and 94.4% and 3.3% (anti-FIM), in the DTaP5-HB-IPV-Hib and DTaP3-HB-IPV/Hib groups, respectively. This study demonstrated, as expected, waning of hepatitis B and pertussis antibodies during the 3 to 4 years after completion of a 3 + 1 or 2 + 1 hexavalent vaccination schedule. Nonetheless, anti-HBs levels ≥10 IU/mL and detectable antibodies against acellular pertussis antigens persisted in most study participants. The implications of these findings for the long-term prevention of hepatitis B and pertussis are further discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Vesikari
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jin Xu
- Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | | | - Jessie Hall
- Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | | | - Michelle G. Goveia
- Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - Camilo J. Acosta
- Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - Andrew Wen-Tseng Lee
- Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
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16
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Obando-Pacheco P, Rivero-Calle I, Raguindin PF, Martinón-Torres F. DTaP5-HBV-IPV-Hib pediatric hexavalent combination vaccine for use in children from 6 weeks through to 4 years of age. Expert Rev Vaccines 2019; 18:1115-1126. [PMID: 31697185 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2019.1690457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Combination vaccines reduce the number of injections received by children, hence improving timeliness and coverage, and general acceptability among caregivers and health-care providers. The most recent hexavalent vaccine, DTaP5-HBV-IPV-Hib, has been also approved by the FDA.Areas covered: DTaP5-HBV-IPV-Hib has demonstrated good immunogenic and safety profiles, not inferior to other hexavalent vaccines already in use in the European market. Either (2p+1/3p+1) immunization schedules can be used with no significant differences. A low incidence of severe adverse events has been shown, similar to other combination vaccines. No issues have arisen when concomitantly administered with other vaccines.Expert opinion: The inclusion of two additional acellular pertussis components (FIM2 and FIM3) might yield better protection against the disease, but this remains to be clinically proven. The new vaccine uses Hib with unique protein carrier (PRP-OMPC) which elicits higher earlier immune response without compromising safety. Compliance with the immunization schedules is expected to increase by decreasing the number of injections needed in combined vaccines for a single visit. In addition, the improvements on the ease-of-use by its liquid-formulation, makes the vaccine preparation more acceptable for use in clinics and may reduce the odds of administration errors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Obando-Pacheco
- Genetics, Vaccines and Pediatric Infectious Diseases Research Group (GENVIP), Hospital Clínico Universitario and Universidad de Santiago de Compostela (USC), Galicia, Spain
| | - Irene Rivero-Calle
- Genetics, Vaccines and Pediatric Infectious Diseases Research Group (GENVIP), Hospital Clínico Universitario and Universidad de Santiago de Compostela (USC), Galicia, Spain.,Department of Pediatrics, Translational Pediatrics and Infectious Diseases, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Peter Francis Raguindin
- Genetics, Vaccines and Pediatric Infectious Diseases Research Group (GENVIP), Hospital Clínico Universitario and Universidad de Santiago de Compostela (USC), Galicia, Spain
| | - Federico Martinón-Torres
- Genetics, Vaccines and Pediatric Infectious Diseases Research Group (GENVIP), Hospital Clínico Universitario and Universidad de Santiago de Compostela (USC), Galicia, Spain.,Department of Pediatrics, Translational Pediatrics and Infectious Diseases, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
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17
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Akinola F, Muloiwa R, Hussey GD, Dirix V, Kagina B, Amponsah-Dacosta E. Assessment of humoral and cell-mediated immune responses to pertussis vaccination: a systematic review protocol. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e028109. [PMID: 31182449 PMCID: PMC6561409 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-028109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Globally, some studies show a resurgence of pertussis. The risks and benefits of using whole-cell pertussis (wP) or acellular pertussis (aP) vaccines in the control of the disease have been widely debated. Better control of pertussis will require improved understanding of the immune response to pertussis vaccines. Improved understanding and assessment of the immunity induced by pertussis vaccines is thus imperative. Several studies have documented different immunological outcomes to pertussis vaccination from an array of assays. We propose to conduct a systematic review of the different immunological assays and outcomes used in the assessment of the humoraland cell-mediated immune response following pertussis vaccination. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The primary outcomes for consideration are quality and quantity of immune responses (humoral and cell-mediated) post-pertussis vaccination. Of interest as secondary outcomes are types of immunoassays used in assessing immune responses post-pertussis vaccination, types of biological samples used in assessing immune responses post-pertussis vaccination, as well as the types of antigens used to stimulate these samples during post-pertussis vaccination immune response assessments. Different electronic databases (including PubMed, Cochrane, EBSCO Host, Scopus and Web of Science) will be accessed for peer-reviewed published and grey literature evaluating immune responses to pertussis vaccines between 1990 and 2019. The quality of included articles will be assessed using standardised risk and quality assessment tools specific to the study design used in each article. Data extraction will be done using a data extraction form. The extracted data will be analysed using STATA V.14.0 and RevMan V.5.3 software. A subgroup analysis will be conducted based on the study population, type of vaccine (wP or aP) and type of immune response (cell-mediated or humoral). Guidelines for reporting systematic reviews in the revised 2009 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement will be used in this study. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethics approval is not required for this study as it is a systematic review. We will only make use of data already available in the public space. Findings will be reported via publication in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at scientific meetings and workshops. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42018102455.
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Affiliation(s)
- Funbi Akinola
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Vaccines for Africa Initiative, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Rudzani Muloiwa
- Vaccines for Africa Initiative, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Gregory D Hussey
- Vaccines for Africa Initiative, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Medical Microbiology and Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Violette Dirix
- Laboratory of Vaccinology and Mucosal Immunity, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Benjamin Kagina
- Vaccines for Africa Initiative, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Edina Amponsah-Dacosta
- Vaccines for Africa Initiative, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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18
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Nakayama T, Suzuki E, Noda A. Vaccine acquired pertussis immunity was weakened at 4 years of age and asymptomatic pertussis infection was suspected based on serological surveillance. J Infect Chemother 2019; 25:643-645. [PMID: 31053536 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2019.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Serological surveillance of pertussis antibodies was performed in 118 children aged 1-12 years. The positivity of pertussis toxin (PT) antibodies was low at 4-6 years and significantly higher at 8-9 years, compared with those at 6 years. Fimbriae 2 (Fim2) antibody showed similar response to the PT antibody. Higher antibody titers against Fim3 were observed among subjects ≥5 years and highest at 8 years. Data demonstrated that the vaccine-induced antibodies decayed by 4-5 years and subclinical pertussis infection was suspected thereafter, suggesting the need for additional dose at around 4-5 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuo Nakayama
- Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Laboratory of Viral Infection, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan.
| | - Eitaro Suzuki
- Suzuki Pediatric Clinic, Ube, Yamaguchi Prefecture, 755-0155, Japan.
| | - Atsuya Noda
- Kitasato-Otsuka BioMedical Assay Laboratories, Co. Ltd, Sagamihara, Kanagawa Prefecture, 252-0329, Japan.
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19
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Molecular Epidemiology of Bordetella pertussis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1183:19-33. [PMID: 31342459 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2019_402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Although vaccination has been effective, Bordetella pertussis is increasingly causing epidemics, especially in industrialized countries using acellular vaccines (aPs). One factor behind the increased circulation is the molecular changes on the pathogen level. After pertussis vaccinations were introduced, changes in the fimbrial (Fim) serotype of the circulating strains was observed. When bacterial typing methods improved, further changes between the vaccine and circulating strains, especially among the common virulence genes including pertussis toxin (PT) and pertactin (PRN) were noticed. Moreover, development of genome based techniques including pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), multiple-locus variable number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) have offered a better resolution to monitor B. pertussis strains. After the introduction of aP vaccines, B. pertussis strains that are deficient to vaccine antigens, especially PRN, have appeared widely. On the other hand, antimicrobial resistance to first line drugs (macrolides) against B. pertussis is still low in many countries and therefore no globally evaluated antimicrobial susceptibility test values have been recommended. In this review, we focus on the molecular changes in the bacteria, which have or may have affected the past and current epidemiology of pertussis.
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20
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Queenan AM, Dowling DJ, Cheng WK, Faé K, Fernandez J, Flynn PJ, Joshi S, Brightman SE, Ramirez J, Serroyen J, Wiertsema S, Fortanier A, van den Dobbelsteen G, Levy O, Poolman J. Increasing FIM2/3 antigen-content improves efficacy of Bordetella pertussis vaccines in mice in vivo without altering vaccine-induced human reactogenicity biomarkers in vitro. Vaccine 2018; 37:80-89. [PMID: 30478007 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Current acellular-pertussis (aP) vaccines appear inadequate for long-term pertussis control because of short-lived efficacy and the increasing prevalence of pertactin-negative isolates which may negatively impact vaccine efficacy. In this study, we added fimbriae (FIM)2 and FIM3 protein to licensed 2-, 3- or 5-component aP vaccines (Pentavac®, Boostrix®, Adacel®, respectively) to assess whether an aP vaccine with enhanced FIM content demonstrates enhanced efficacy. Vaccine-induced protection was assessed in an intranasal mouse challenge model. In addition, potential reactogenicity was measured by biomarkers in a human whole blood assay (WBA) in vitro and benchmarked the responses against licensed whole cell pertussis (wP) and aP vaccines including Easyfive®, Pentavac® and Pentacel®. The results show that commercial vaccines demonstrated reduced efficacy against pertactin-negative versus pertactin-positive strains. However, addition of higher amounts of FIM2/3 to aP vaccines reduced lung colonization and increased vaccine efficacy against a pertactin-negative strain in a dose-dependent manner. Improvements in efficacy were similar for FIM2 and FIM3-expressing strains. Increasing the amount of FIM2/3 proteins in aP formulations did not alter vaccine-induced biomarkers of potential reactogenicity including prostaglandin E2, cytokines and chemokines in human newborn cord and adult peripheral blood tested in vitro. These results suggest that increasing the quantity of FIM proteins in current pertussis vaccine formulations may further enhance vaccine efficacy against B. pertussis infection without increasing the reactogenicity of the vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David J Dowling
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wing Ki Cheng
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kellen Faé
- Janssen Vaccines and Prevention, Leiden 2333CN, the Netherlands
| | | | - Peter J Flynn
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sweta Joshi
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Spencer E Brightman
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Juan Ramirez
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jan Serroyen
- Janssen Vaccines and Prevention, Leiden 2333CN, the Netherlands
| | - Selma Wiertsema
- Janssen Vaccines and Prevention, Leiden 2333CN, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Ofer Levy
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT & Harvard, USA.
| | - Jan Poolman
- Janssen Vaccines and Prevention, Leiden 2333CN, the Netherlands
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21
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Eberhardt CS, Siegrist CA. What Is Wrong with Pertussis Vaccine Immunity? Inducing and Recalling Vaccine-Specific Immunity. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2017; 9:a029629. [PMID: 28289058 PMCID: PMC5710108 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a029629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The high incidence of pertussis in vaccinated adolescents suggests the failing of immune memory. We argue that acellular pertussis vaccines generate memory cells that are effectively reactivated by boosters better than by Bordetella pertussis exposure. We propose that there are two main causes. One is the induction of vaccine-specific immunity rather than pathogen-specific immunity. The second is that strictly mucosal infections such as B. pertussis poorly reactivate memory B and T cells residing deep in lymph nodes or tissues. Developing new vaccines for infants or adolescents will be immunologically and economically challenging. Let us hope that maternal and infant immunization, to date the most effective strategies against pertussis death, will remain so.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane S Eberhardt
- Center for Vaccinology and Neonatal Immunology, Department of Pediatrics and Pathology-Immunology, Medical Faculty and University Hospitals of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
- Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's Hospital of Geneva, University Hospitals of Geneva and Faculty of Medicine, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Claire-Anne Siegrist
- Center for Vaccinology and Neonatal Immunology, Department of Pediatrics and Pathology-Immunology, Medical Faculty and University Hospitals of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
- Division of General Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Geneva, University Hospitals of Geneva and Faculty of Medicine, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
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22
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Otsuka N, Guiso N, Bouchez V. The length of poly(C) stretch in the Bordetella pertussis Pfim3 promoter determines the vag or vrg function of the fim3 gene. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2017; 163:1364-1368. [PMID: 28809156 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Bordetella pertussis, a human pathogenic bacterium, produces either one or two types of serologically distinct fimbriae, Fim2 and Fim3, as virulence factors. The expression of fim2 and fim3 is regulated by the BvgAS two-component system and the length of poly(C) stretches in Pfim promoters. In the Bvg+ phase, B. pertussis virulence-activated genes (vags) are up-regulated and virulence-repressed genes (vrgs) are down-regulated. Previous studies have shown that fim2 is a vag, but there is no consensus on fim3 regulation. We examined the regulation of fimbrial expression in B. pertussis clinical isolates. Our findings indicate that fim2 is a vag, while fim3 is a vag when Pfim3 poly(C)>13C, and a vrg when poly(C)≤13C. Although increased fim3 expression was observed in the Bvg- phase in isolates with Pfim3 poly(C)≤13C, Fim3 production was not detected, suggesting post-transcriptional regulation of fim3 expression. These findings provide an insight into the regulation of fimbrial expression in B. pertussis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nao Otsuka
- Department of Bacteriology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashimurayama, Tokyo 208-0002, Japan
| | - Nicole Guiso
- Institut Pasteur, Molecular Prevention and Therapy of Human Diseases, 25 rue du Dr Roux, Paris 75015, France.,URAS-CNRS 3012, Paris 75015, France
| | - Valérie Bouchez
- Institut Pasteur, Molecular Prevention and Therapy of Human Diseases, 25 rue du Dr Roux, Paris 75015, France.,URAS-CNRS 3012, Paris 75015, France
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van Twillert I, Bonačić Marinović AA, Kuipers B, van Gaans-van den Brink JAM, Sanders EAM, van Els CACM. Impact of age and vaccination history on long-term serological responses after symptomatic B. pertussis infection, a high dimensional data analysis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40328. [PMID: 28091579 PMCID: PMC5238437 DOI: 10.1038/srep40328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Capturing the complexity and waning patterns of co-occurring immunoglobulin (Ig) responses after clinical B. pertussis infection may help understand how the human host gradually loses protection against whooping cough. We applied bi-exponential modelling to characterise and compare B. pertussis specific serological dynamics in a comprehensive database of IgG, IgG subclass and IgA responses to Ptx, FHA, Prn, Fim2/3 and OMV antigens of (ex-) symptomatic pertussis cases across all age groups. The decay model revealed that antigen type and age group were major factors determining differences in levels and kinetics of Ig (sub) classes. IgG-Ptx waned fastest in all age groups, while IgA to Ptx, FHA, Prn and Fim2/3 decreased fast in the younger but remained high in older (ex-) cases, indicating an age-effect. While IgG1 was the main IgG subclass in response to most antigens, IgG2 and IgG3 dominated the anti-OMV response. Moreover, vaccination history plays an important role in post-infection Ig responses, demonstrated by low responsiveness to Fim2/3 in unvaccinated elderly and by elevated IgG4 responses to multiple antigens only in children primed with acellular pertussis vaccine (aP). This work highlights the complexity of the immune response to this re-emerging pathogen and factors determining its Ig quantity and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inonge van Twillert
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Axel A Bonačić Marinović
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Betsy Kuipers
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | | | - Elisabeth A M Sanders
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands.,Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Wilhelmina Childrens Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Cécile A C M van Els
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
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24
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Sirivichayakul C, Chanthavanich P, Limkittikul K, Siegrist CA, Wijagkanalan W, Chinwangso P, Petre J, Hong Thai P, Chauhan M, Viviani S. Safety and immunogenicity of a combined Tetanus, Diphtheria, recombinant acellular Pertussis vaccine (TdaP) in healthy Thai adults. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2016; 13:136-143. [PMID: 27686283 PMCID: PMC5287298 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2016.1234555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: An acellular Pertussis (aP) vaccine containing recombinant genetically detoxified Pertussis Toxin (PTgen), Filamentous Hemagglutinin (FHA) and Pertactin (PRN) has been developed by BioNet-Asia (BioNet). We present here the results of the first clinical study of this recombinant aP vaccine formulated alone or in combination with tetanus and diphtheria toxoids (TdaP). Methods: A phase I/II, observer-blind, randomized controlled trial was conducted at Mahidol University in Bangkok, Thailand in healthy adult volunteers aged 18–35 y. The eligible volunteers were randomized to receive one dose of either BioNet's aP or Tetanus toxoid-reduced Diphtheria toxoid-acellular Pertussis (TdaP) vaccine, or the Tdap Adacel® vaccine in a 1:1:1 ratio. Safety follow-up was performed for one month. Immunogenicity was assessed at baseline, at 7 and 28 d after vaccination. Anti-PT, anti-FHA, anti-PRN, anti-tetanus and anti-diphtheria IgG antibodies were assessed by ELISA. Anti-PT neutralizing antibodies were assessed also by CHO cell assay. Results: A total of 60 subjects (20 per each vaccine group) were enrolled and included in the safety analysis. Safety laboratory parameters, incidence of local and systemic post-immunization reactions during 7 d after vaccination and incidence of adverse events during one month after vaccination were similar in the 3 vaccine groups. One month after vaccination, seroresponse rates of anti-PT, anti-FHA and anti-PRN IgG antibodies exceeded 78% in all vaccine groups. The anti-PT IgG, anti-FHA IgG, and anti-PT neutralizing antibody geometric mean titers (GMTs) were significantly higher following immunization with BioNet's aP and BioNet's TdaP than Adacel® (P< 0.05). The anti-PRN IgG, anti-tetanus and anti-diphtheria GMTs at one month after immunization were comparable in all vaccine groups. All subjects had seroprotective titers of anti-tetanus and anti-diphtheria antibodies at baseline. Conclusion: In this first clinical study, PTgen-based BioNet's aP and TdaP vaccines showed a similar tolerability and safety profile to Adacel® and elicited significantly higher immune responses to PT and FHA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chukiat Sirivichayakul
- a Department of Tropical Pediatrics , Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University , Bangkok , Thailand
| | - Pornthep Chanthavanich
- a Department of Tropical Pediatrics , Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University , Bangkok , Thailand
| | - Kriengsak Limkittikul
- a Department of Tropical Pediatrics , Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University , Bangkok , Thailand
| | - Claire-Anne Siegrist
- b WHO Collaborating Center for Vaccine Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva , Geneva , Switzerland
| | | | | | - Jean Petre
- c BioNet-Asia Co., Ltd., Prakanong , Bangkok , Thailand
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25
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan T Poolman
- Crucell Hollland B. V. one of the Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson - Bacterial Vaccines Research and Development Archimedesweg 4-6, Zernikedreef 9, Leiden 2333 CK, The Netherlands
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