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Yuan GY, Zhang JM, Xu YQ, Zou Y. Biosynthesis and Assembly Logic of Fungal Hybrid Terpenoid Natural Products. Chembiochem 2024:e202400387. [PMID: 38923144 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202400387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
In recent decades, fungi have emerged as significant sources of diverse hybrid terpenoid natural products, and their biosynthetic pathways are increasingly unveiled. This review mainly focuses on elucidating the various strategies underlying the biosynthesis and assembly logic of these compounds. These pathways combine terpenoid moieties with diverse building blocks including polyketides, nonribosomal peptides, amino acids, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, saccharides, and adenine, resulting in the formation of plenty of hybrid terpenoid natural products via C-O, C-C, or C-N bond linkages. Subsequent tailoring steps, such as oxidation, cyclization, and rearrangement, further enhance the biological diversity and structural complexity of these hybrid terpenoid natural products. Understanding these biosynthetic mechanisms holds promise for the discovery of novel hybrid terpenoid natural products from fungi, which will promote the development of potential drug candidates in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Yin Yuan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Mei Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Qiu Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, P.R. China
| | - Yi Zou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, P.R. China
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2
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Wen ZH, Wu ZS, Cheng HJ, Huang SY, Tang SH, Teng WN, Su FW, Chen NF, Sung CS. Intrathecal Fumagillin Alleviates Chronic Neuropathy-Induced Nociceptive Sensitization and Modulates Spinal Astrocyte-Neuronal Glycolytic and Angiogenic Proteins. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04254-w. [PMID: 38837104 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04254-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Nociceptive sensitization is accompanied by the upregulation of glycolysis in the central nervous system in neuropathic pain. Growing evidence has demonstrated glycolysis and angiogenesis to be related to the inflammatory processes. This study investigated whether fumagillin inhibits neuropathic pain by regulating glycolysis and angiogenesis. Fumagillin was administered through an intrathecal catheter implanted in rats with chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve. Nociceptive, behavioral, and immunohistochemical analyses were performed to evaluate the effects of the inhibition of spinal glycolysis-related enzymes and angiogenic factors on CCI-induced neuropathic pain. Fumagillin reduced CCI-induced thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia from postoperative days (POD) 7 to 14. The expression of angiogenic factors, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and angiopoietin 2 (ANG2), increased in the ipsilateral lumbar spinal cord dorsal horn (SCDH) following CCI. The glycolysis-related enzymes, pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) and lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) significantly increased in the ipsilateral lumbar SCDH following CCI on POD 7 and 14 compared to those in the control rats. Double immunofluorescence staining indicated that VEGF and PKM2 were predominantly expressed in the astrocytes, whereas ANG2 and LDHA were predominantly expressed in the neurons. Intrathecal infusion of fumagillin significantly reduced the expression of angiogenic factors and glycolytic enzymes upregulated by CCI. The expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), a crucial transcription factor that regulates angiogenesis and glycolysis, was also upregulated after CCI and inhibited by fumagillin. We concluded that intrathecal fumagillin may reduce the expression of ANG2 and LDHA in neurons and VEGF and PKM2 in the astrocytes of the SCDH, further attenuating spinal angiogenesis in neuropathy-induced nociceptive sensitization. Hence, fumagillin may play a role in the inhibition of peripheral neuropathy-induced neuropathic pain by modulating glycolysis and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hong Wen
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 804201, Taiwan
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
| | - Zong-Sheng Wu
- Division of Pain Management, Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 112201, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Jung Cheng
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
| | - Shi-Ying Huang
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Shih-Hsuan Tang
- Division of Pain Management, Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 112201, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Nung Teng
- Division of Pain Management, Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 112201, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112304, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Wei Su
- Division of Pain Management, Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 112201, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112304, Taiwan
| | - Nan-Fu Chen
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, 80284, Taiwan
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 804201, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Sung Sung
- Division of Pain Management, Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 112201, Taiwan.
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112304, Taiwan.
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Zhang JC, Yang XQ, Zhou H, Yan YB, Ding ZT. The new analogues of β- trans-bergamotene from endophytic fungus Nigrospora sp. E121 with yam culture medium. Nat Prod Res 2024:1-7. [PMID: 38742433 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2024.2353910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Two new bicyclic sesquiterpenes,Δ9-2, 5, 11-trihydroxyl-β-cis-bergamotene (3) and Nigrohydroin A (4), together with ten known compounds (1, 2 and 5-12) were obtained from endophytic fungus Nigrospora sp. E121. The structures were elucidated on the basis of their 1D and 2D NMR spectra and mass spectrometric data. The possible biosynthetic pathway of compounds 1, 2, 3 and 4 in Nigrospora sp. E121were reported according to literature. The phytotoxic assay results indicated that the acetyl fragment in α-acetylorcinol may contribute to the phytotoxic activity of this compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Cheng Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese medicine, Kunming, China
- Functional Molecules Analysis and Biotransformation Key Laboratory of Universities in Yunnan Province, Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Ethnic Drug Research and Development in Honghe Prefecture, Honghe University, Mengzi, China
| | - Xue-Qiong Yang
- Functional Molecules Analysis and Biotransformation Key Laboratory of Universities in Yunnan Province, Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Hao Zhou
- Functional Molecules Analysis and Biotransformation Key Laboratory of Universities in Yunnan Province, Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Ya-Bin Yan
- Functional Molecules Analysis and Biotransformation Key Laboratory of Universities in Yunnan Province, Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhong-Tao Ding
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese medicine, Kunming, China
- Functional Molecules Analysis and Biotransformation Key Laboratory of Universities in Yunnan Province, Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
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Huang Q, Chen J, Pan G, Reinke AW. Screening of the Pandemic Response Box identifies anti-microsporidia compounds. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0011806. [PMID: 38064503 PMCID: PMC10732440 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Microsporidia are fungal obligate intracellular pathogens, which infect most animals and cause microsporidiosis. Despite the serious threat that microsporidia pose to humans and agricultural animals, few drugs are available for the treatment and control of microsporidia. To identify novel inhibitors, we took advantage of the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans infected with its natural microsporidian Nematocida parisii. We used this system to screen the Pandemic Response Box, a collection of 400 diverse compounds with known antimicrobial activity. After testing these compounds in a 96-well format at high (100 μM) and low (40 μM) concentrations, we identified four inhibitors that restored the ability of C. elegans to produce progeny in the presence of N. parisii. All four compounds reduced the pathogen load of both N. parisii and Pancytospora epiphaga, a C. elegans-infecting microsporidia related to human-infecting species. One of these compounds, a known inhibitor of a viral protease, MMV1006203, inhibited invasion and prevented the firing of spores. A bis-indole derivative, MMV1593539, decreased spore viability. An albendazole analog, MMV1782387, inhibited proliferation of N. parisii. We tested albendazole as well as 5 other analogs and observed that MMV1782387 was amongst the strongest inhibitors of N. parisii and displayed the least host toxicity. Our study further demonstrates the effectiveness of the C. elegans-N. parisii system for discovering microsporidia inhibitors and the compounds we identified provide potential scaffolds for anti-microsporidia drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyuan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guoqing Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Aaron W. Reinke
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Su C, Lu Y, Wang Z, Guo J, Hou Y, Wang X, Qin Z, Gao J, Sun Z, Dai Y, Liu Y, Liu G, Xian X, Cui X, Zhang J, Tang J. Atherosclerosis: The Involvement of Immunity, Cytokines and Cells in Pathogenesis, and Potential Novel Therapeutics. Aging Dis 2022:AD.2022.1208. [PMID: 37163428 PMCID: PMC10389830 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2022.1208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
As a leading contributor to coronary artery disease (CAD) and stroke, atherosclerosis has become one of the major cardiovascular diseases (CVD) negatively impacting patients worldwide. The endothelial injury is considered to be the initial step of the development of atherosclerosis, resulting in immune cell migration and activation as well as inflammatory factor secretion, which further leads to acute and chronic inflammation. In addition, the inflammation and lipid accumulation at the lesions stimulate specific responses from different types of cells, contributing to the pathological progression of atherosclerosis. As a result, recent studies have focused on using molecular biological approaches such as gene editing and nanotechnology to mediate cellular response during atherosclerotic development for therapeutic purposes. In this review, we systematically discuss inflammatory pathogenesis during the development of atherosclerosis from a cellular level with a focus on the blood cells, including all types of immune cells, together with crucial cells within the blood vessel, such as smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells. In addition, the latest progression of molecular-cellular based therapy for atherosclerosis is also discussed. We hope this review article could be beneficial for the clinical management of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Su
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Province Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yongzheng Lu
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Province Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zeyu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Province Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jiacheng Guo
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Province Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yachen Hou
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Province Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiaofang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Province Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhen Qin
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Province Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jiamin Gao
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Province Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhaowei Sun
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Province Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yichen Dai
- School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Liu
- School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Guozhen Liu
- School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xunde Xian
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolin Cui
- School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinying Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Province Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Junnan Tang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Province Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Wei J, Fei Z, Pan G, Weiss LM, Zhou Z. Current Therapy and Therapeutic Targets for Microsporidiosis. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:835390. [PMID: 35356517 PMCID: PMC8959712 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.835390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microsporidia are obligate intracellular, spore-forming parasitic fungi which are grouped with the Cryptomycota. They are both opportunistic pathogens in humans and emerging veterinary pathogens. In humans, they cause chronic diarrhea in immune-compromised patients and infection is associated with increased mortality. Besides their role in pébrine in sericulture, which was described in 1865, the prevalence and severity of microsporidiosis in beekeeping and aquaculture has increased markedly in recent decades. Therapy for these pathogens in medicine, veterinary, and agriculture has become a recent focus of attention. Currently, there are only a few commercially available antimicrosporidial drugs. New therapeutic agents are needed for these infections and this is an active area of investigation. In this article we provide a comprehensive summary of the current as well as several promising new agents for the treatment of microsporidiosis including: albendazole, fumagillin, nikkomycin, orlistat, synthetic polyamines, and quinolones. Therapeutic targets which could be utilized for the design of new drugs are also discussed including: tubulin, type 2 methionine aminopeptidase, polyamines, chitin synthases, topoisomerase IV, triosephosphate isomerase, and lipase. We also summarize reports on the utility of complementary and alternative medicine strategies including herbal extracts, propolis, and probiotics. This review should help facilitate drug development for combating microsporidiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory for Sericulture Functional Genomics Biotechnology of Agricultural Ministry, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhihui Fei
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory for Sericulture Functional Genomics Biotechnology of Agricultural Ministry, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guoqing Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory for Sericulture Functional Genomics Biotechnology of Agricultural Ministry, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Louis M. Weiss
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Zeyang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory for Sericulture Functional Genomics Biotechnology of Agricultural Ministry, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
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Anabosi D, Meir Z, Shadkchan Y, Handelman M, Abou-Kandil A, Yap A, Urlings D, Gold MS, Krappmann S, Haas H, Osherov N. Transcriptional response of Aspergillus fumigatus to copper and the role of the Cu chaperones. Virulence 2021; 12:2186-2200. [PMID: 34468270 PMCID: PMC8425704 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2021.1958057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus fumigatus is the leading cause of life-threatening invasive mold infections in immunocompromised individuals. This ubiquitous saprophyte possesses several natural attributes allowing it to evade the immune system, including the ability to withstand high toxic Cu concentrations within the phagosomes of macrophages and neutrophils. We previously established that at high levels, Cu binds and activates the A. fumigatus transcription factor AceA, which upregulates the expression of the Cu exporter CrpA to expel excess Cu. Deletion of aceA or crpA result in extreme Cu sensitivity and attenuated virulence. To identify other elements participating in resistance to Cu, we performed a genome-wide analysis of the transcriptome by RNAseq to analyze the AceA-dependent response of A. fumigatus to excess Cu. We deleted key genes whose transcription was strongly upregulated by high Cu, including those encoding homologs of the three Cu chaperones cox17, atx1 and ccs1. Detailed analysis of these genes indicates that in A. fumigatus, cox17 is an essential gene with a possible role in respiration, the atxA gene product participates in reductive iron uptake and ccsA encodes the Cu chaperone activating A. fumigatus Sod1. Interestingly, although the ccsA-null strain was extremely sensitive to high Cu and oxidative stress, it was not attenuated in virulence in a mouse model of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. Our work provides (i) a detailed view of the genome-wide transcriptional response of A. fumigatus to excess Cu, (ii) identification of the AceA-dependent transcriptome and (iii) analysis of the roles of the three Cu chaperones cox17, atxA and ccsA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duaa Anabosi
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine Ramat-Aviv, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Zohar Meir
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine Ramat-Aviv, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Yana Shadkchan
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine Ramat-Aviv, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Mariana Handelman
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine Ramat-Aviv, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Ammar Abou-Kandil
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine Ramat-Aviv, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Annie Yap
- Institute for Molecular Biology, Medical University Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Daniel Urlings
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine Ramat-Aviv, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Morgan S Gold
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine Ramat-Aviv, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Sven Krappmann
- Microbiology Institute, Clinical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene University Hospital and Friedrich-Alexander-University (FAU) of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hubertus Haas
- Institute for Molecular Biology, Medical University Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Nir Osherov
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine Ramat-Aviv, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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8
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Gilchrist CLM, Lacey HJ, Vuong D, Pitt JI, Lange L, Lacey E, Pilgaard B, Chooi YH, Piggott AM. Comprehensive chemotaxonomic and genomic profiling of a biosynthetically talented Australian fungus, Aspergillus burnettii sp. nov. Fungal Genet Biol 2020; 143:103435. [PMID: 32702474 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2020.103435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Aspergillus burnettii is a new species belonging to the A. alliaceus clade in Aspergillus subgenus Circumdati section Flavi isolated from peanut-growing properties in southern Queensland, Australia. A. burnettii is a fast-growing, floccose fungus with distinctive brown conidia and is a talented producer of biomass-degrading enzymes and secondary metabolites. Chemical profiling of A. burnettii revealed the metabolites ochratoxin A, kotanins, isokotanins, asperlicin E, anominine and paspalinine, which are common to subgenus Circumdati, together with burnettiene A, burnettramic acids, burnettides, and high levels of 14α-hydroxypaspalinine and hirsutide. The genome of A. burnettii was sequenced and an annotated draft genome is presented. A. burnettii is rich in secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters, containing 51 polyketide synthases, 28 non-ribosomal peptide synthetases and 19 genes related to terpene biosynthesis. Functional annotation of digestive enzymes of A. burnettii and A. alliaceus revealed overlapping carbon utilisation profiles, consistent with a close phylogenetic relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron L M Gilchrist
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Heather J Lacey
- Microbial Screening Technologies, Smithfield, NSW 2164, Australia
| | - Daniel Vuong
- Microbial Screening Technologies, Smithfield, NSW 2164, Australia
| | - John I Pitt
- Microbial Screening Technologies, Smithfield, NSW 2164, Australia
| | - Lene Lange
- Center for Bioprocess Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark; BioEconomy, Research & Advisory, Karensgade 5, 2500 Valby, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ernest Lacey
- Microbial Screening Technologies, Smithfield, NSW 2164, Australia; Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Bo Pilgaard
- Center for Bioprocess Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Yit-Heng Chooi
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
| | - Andrew M Piggott
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia.
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Rudolf JD, Chang CY. Terpene synthases in disguise: enzymology, structure, and opportunities of non-canonical terpene synthases. Nat Prod Rep 2020; 37:425-463. [PMID: 31650156 PMCID: PMC7101268 DOI: 10.1039/c9np00051h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Covering: up to July 2019 Terpene synthases (TSs) are responsible for generating much of the structural diversity found in the superfamily of terpenoid natural products. These elegant enzymes mediate complex carbocation-based cyclization and rearrangement cascades with a variety of electron-rich linear and cyclic substrates. For decades, two main classes of TSs, divided by how they generate the reaction-triggering initial carbocation, have dominated the field of terpene enzymology. Recently, several novel and unconventional TSs that perform TS-like reactions but do not resemble canonical TSs in sequence or structure have been discovered. In this review, we identify 12 families of non-canonical TSs and examine their sequences, structures, functions, and proposed mechanisms. Nature provides a wide diversity of enzymes, including prenyltransferases, methyltransferases, P450s, and NAD+-dependent dehydrogenases, as well as completely new enzymes, that utilize distinctive reaction mechanisms for TS chemistry. These unique non-canonical TSs provide immense opportunities to understand how nature evolved different tools for terpene biosynthesis by structural and mechanistic characterization while affording new probes for the discovery of novel terpenoid natural products and gene clusters via genome mining. With every new discovery, the dualistic paradigm of TSs is contradicted and the field of terpene chemistry and enzymology continues to expand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey D Rudolf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA.
| | - Chin-Yuan Chang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan, Republic of China
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10
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Han J, Tang Y, Lu M, Hua H. Comprehensive comparison of MetAP2 tissue and cellular expression pattern in lean and obese rodents. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2018; 11:565-577. [PMID: 30319281 PMCID: PMC6167978 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s171109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methionine aminopeptidase 2 (MetAP2) cleaves the initiator methionine from nascent peptides during translation. In both preclinical and clinical studies, the pharmacological inhibition of MetAP2 in obese subjects results in the suppression of food intake and body weight loss. However, the mechanism of action of body weight loss caused by MetAP2 inhibition remains to be elucidated, and the sites of action by pharmacological MetAP2 inhibition remain unknown. METHODS In the present study, a comprehensive analysis of the MetAP2 expression pattern in mice was performed. RESULTS Except for the relatively low expression in adipose tissues, MetAP2 protein was well-expressed in tissues important for metabolism, including liver, whole brain, skeletal muscle and intestine tissues. In comparison to lean mice, MetAP2 mRNA level was elevated in the intestines of diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. At the cellular level, MetAP2 exhibited a distinct high expression in central and peripheral neurons, as well as in epithelial cells lining both the small intestine and colon. In the liver of lean mice, MetAP2 protein exhibited punctate staining, which was enriched in zone three hepatocytes surrounding the central veins. In contrast, MetAP2 expression was diffuse in the liver of DIO mice. Furthermore, MetAP2 was highly expressed in immune cells that infiltrated DIO livers. CONCLUSION Overall, these results delineate the MetAP2 expression at both tissue and cellular levels and highlight the altered MetAP2 expression under pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Han
- Lilly China Research and Development Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, ,
| | - Yang Tang
- Lilly China Research and Development Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, ,
| | - Mingjian Lu
- Lilly China Research and Development Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, ,
| | - Haiqing Hua
- Lilly China Research and Development Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, ,
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11
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Chang YH. Common therapeutic target for both cancer and obesity. World J Biol Chem 2017; 8:102-107. [PMID: 28588753 PMCID: PMC5439161 DOI: 10.4331/wjbc.v8.i2.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and cancer are two interrelated conditions of high epidemiological need, with studies showing that obesity is responsible for nearly 25% of the relative contribution to cancer incidence. Given the connection between these conditions, a drug that can operate on both obesity and cancer is highly desirable. Such a drug is accomplishable through the development of potent anti-angiogenesis agents due to the shared underlying role of angiogenesis in the development of both diseases. Prior research has demonstrated a key role of type-2 methionine aminopeptidase (MetAP2) for angiogenesis, which has led to the development of numerous of novel inhibitors. Several irreversible MetAP2 inhibitors have entered clinical trials without great success. Though this lack of success could be attributed to off-target adverse effects, the underlying causes remain unclear. More promising reversible inhibitors have been recently developed with excellent pre-clinical results. However, due to insufficient knowledge of the biological functions of N-terminal protein processing, it is hard to predict whether these novel inhibitors would successfully pass clinical trials and thereby benefit cancer and obesity patients. Significantly more efforts are needed to advance our understanding of the regulation of methionine aminopeptidases and the processes by which they govern the function of proteins.
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12
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Kishimoto S, Tsunematsu Y, Sato M, Watanabe K. Elucidation of Biosynthetic Pathways of Natural Products. CHEM REC 2017; 17:1095-1108. [PMID: 28387469 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201700015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
During the last decade, we have revealed biosynthetic pathways responsible for the formation of important and chemically complex natural products isolated from various organisms through genetic manipulation. Detailed in vivo and in vitro characterizations enabled elucidation of unexpected mechanisms of secondary metabolite biosynthesis. This personal account focuses on our recent efforts in identifying the genes responsible for the biosynthesis of spirotryprostatin, aspoquinolone, Sch 210972, pyranonigrin, fumagillin and pseurotin. We exploit heterologous reconstitution of biosynthetic pathways of interest in our study. In particular, extensive involvement of oxidation reactions is discussed. Heterologous hosts employed here are Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Aspergillus nidulans and A. niger that can also be used to prepare biosynthetic intermediates and product analogs by engineering the biosynthetic pathways using the knowledge obtained by detailed characterizations of the enzymes. (998 char.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Kishimoto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, City of Shizuoka, 422-8526, JAPAN
| | - Yuta Tsunematsu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, City of Shizuoka, 422-8526, JAPAN
| | - Michio Sato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, City of Shizuoka, 422-8526, JAPAN
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, City of Shizuoka, 422-8526, JAPAN
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13
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Saleh M, Kumar G, Abdel-Baki AA, Dkhil M, El-Matbouli M, Al-Quraishy S. Development of a novel in vitro method for drug development for fish; application to test efficacy of antimicrosporidian compounds. Vet Rec 2014; 175:561. [PMID: 25200429 DOI: 10.1136/vr.102604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Few drugs are approved for treating diseases caused by parasites in minor species such as fish. This is due, in part, to the expense of drug development and to the comparatively small market. In vivo effectiveness trials for antiparasitic drugs are costly, time consuming and require ethics approval, therefore an in vitro screening approach is a cost-effective alternative to finding promising drug candidates. We developed an in vitro testing system to test antimicrosporidial compounds against a microsporidian pathogen Heterosporis saurida. Five antiparasitic compounds, albendazole, fumagillin, TNP-70, nitazoxanide and lufenuron, were assayed for antimicrosporidial activity. All compounds reduced the number of H saurida spores in infected cells when applied at a concentration that did not appear to be toxic to the host cells. Albendazole inhibited replication of H saurida by >60 per cent, fumagillin and its analogue TNP-470 inhibited H saurida >80 per cent, nitazoxanide and lufenuron inhibited growth >70 per cent. The data suggest that both fumagillin and its analogous TNP-70 hold the best promise as therapeutic agents against H saurida. The ability to use fish cell cultures to assess drugs against H saurida demonstrates an approach that may be helpful to evaluate other drugs on different microsporidia and host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Saleh
- Clinical Division of Fish Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - G Kumar
- Clinical Division of Fish Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - A-A Abdel-Baki
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Faculty of Science, Zoology Department, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - M Dkhil
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology and Entomology, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - M El-Matbouli
- Clinical Division of Fish Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - S Al-Quraishy
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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14
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Herter I, Geginat G, Hof H, Kupfahl C. Modulation of innate and antigen-specific immune functions directed against Listeria monocytogenes by fungal toxins in vitro. Mycotoxin Res 2014; 30:79-87. [PMID: 24526341 DOI: 10.1007/s12550-014-0191-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Revised: 01/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Mycotoxins, a large group of secondary fungal metabolites, are ubiquitously present in the environment and are potentially harmful to exposed humans and animals. Despite increasing interest in this group of fungal metabolites it is still difficult to estimate the relative toxic potential of one individual mycotoxin compared with others. We therefore compared the effects of some of the most important mycotoxins on effector cells of the innate and adaptive immune system in an in vitro model. Our data show clear differences of various mycotoxins in regard of their immunotoxic potential on mouse macrophages and T cells. Our results also indicate differences in the susceptibility of specific immune effector functions of macrophages and T cells exposed to mycotoxins. Thus, our results enhance the understanding of role of mycotoxins in the pathogenesis of human and animal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Herter
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the University Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
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15
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Dhingra S, Lind AL, Lin HC, Tang Y, Rokas A, Calvo AM. The fumagillin gene cluster, an example of hundreds of genes under veA control in Aspergillus fumigatus. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77147. [PMID: 24116213 PMCID: PMC3792039 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus fumigatus is the causative agent of invasive aspergillosis, leading to infection-related mortality in immunocompromised patients. We previously showed that the conserved and unique-to-fungi veA gene affects different cell processes such as morphological development, gliotoxin biosynthesis and protease activity, suggesting a global regulatory effect on the genome of this medically relevant fungus. In this study, RNA sequencing analysis revealed that veA controls the expression of hundreds of genes in A. fumigatus, including those comprising more than a dozen known secondary metabolite gene clusters. Chemical analysis confirmed that veA controls the synthesis of other secondary metabolites in this organism in addition to gliotoxin. Among the secondary metabolite gene clusters regulated by veA is the elusive but recently identified gene cluster responsible for the biosynthesis of fumagillin, a meroterpenoid known for its anti-angiogenic activity by binding to human methionine aminopeptidase 2. The fumagillin gene cluster contains a veA-dependent regulatory gene, fumR (Afu8g00420), encoding a putative C6 type transcription factor. Deletion of fumR results in silencing of the gene cluster and elimination of fumagillin biosynthesis. We found expression of fumR to also be dependent on laeA, a gene encoding another component of the fungal velvet complex. The results in this study argue that veA is a global regulator of secondary metabolism in A. fumigatus, and that veA may be a conduit via which chemical development is coupled to morphological development and other cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourabh Dhingra
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Abigail L. Lind
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Hsiao-Ching Lin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Yi Tang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Antonis Rokas
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Ana M. Calvo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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16
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Lin HC, Chooi YH, Dhingra S, Xu W, Calvo AM, Tang Y. The fumagillin biosynthetic gene cluster in Aspergillus fumigatus encodes a cryptic terpene cyclase involved in the formation of β-trans-bergamotene. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:4616-9. [PMID: 23488861 PMCID: PMC3652892 DOI: 10.1021/ja312503y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Fumagillin 1 is a meroterpenoid from Aspergillus fumigatus that is known for its anti-angiogenic activity by binding to human methionine aminopeptidase 2. The genetic and molecular basis for biosynthesis of 1 had been an enigma despite the availability of the A. fumigatus genome sequence. Here, we report the identification and verification of the fma gene cluster, followed by characterization of the polyketide synthase and acyltransferase involved in biosynthesis of the dioic acid portion of 1. More significantly, we uncovered the elusive β-trans-bergamotene synthase in A. fumigatus as a membrane-bound terpene cyclase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Ching Lin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Yit-Heng Chooi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Sourabh Dhingra
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois 60115
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Ana M. Calvo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois 60115
| | - Yi Tang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
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17
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Abstract
Fumagillin is the only antibiotic approved for control of nosema disease in honey bees and has been extensively used in United States apiculture for more than 50 years for control of Nosema apis. It is toxic to mammals and must be applied seasonally and with caution to avoid residues in honey. Fumagillin degrades or is diluted in hives over the foraging season, exposing bees and the microsporidia to declining concentrations of the drug. We showed that spore production by Nosema ceranae, an emerging microsporidian pathogen in honey bees, increased in response to declining fumagillin concentrations, up to 100% higher than that of infected bees that have not been exposed to fumagillin. N. apis spore production was also higher, although not significantly so. Fumagillin inhibits the enzyme methionine aminopeptidase2 (MetAP2) in eukaryotic cells and interferes with protein modifications necessary for normal cell function. We sequenced the MetAP2 gene for apid Nosema species and determined that, although susceptibility to fumagillin differs among species, there are no apparent differences in fumagillin binding sites. Protein assays of uninfected bees showed that fumagillin altered structural and metabolic proteins in honey bee midgut tissues at concentrations that do not suppress microsporidia reproduction. The microsporidia, particularly N. ceranae, are apparently released from the suppressive effects of fumagillin at concentrations that continue to impact honey bee physiology. The current application protocol for fumagillin may exacerbate N. ceranae infection rather than suppress it.
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18
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Arico-Muendel CC, Belanger B, Benjamin D, Blanchette HS, Caiazzo TM, Centrella PA, DeLorey J, Doyle EG, Gradhand U, Griffin ST, Hill S, Labenski MT, Morgan BA, O’Donovan G, Prasad K, Skinner S, Taghizadeh N, Thompson CD, Wakefield J, Westlin W, White KF. Metabolites of PPI-2458, a Selective, Irreversible Inhibitor of Methionine Aminopeptidase-2: Structure Determination and In Vivo Activity. Drug Metab Dispos 2013; 41:814-26. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.112.048355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
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19
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Zbidah M, Lupescu A, Jilani K, Lang F. Stimulation of suicidal erythrocyte death by fumagillin. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2012; 112:346-51. [PMID: 23121865 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2012] [Accepted: 10/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Fumagillin, a cyclohexane isolated from fungus Aspergillus fumigatus, has anti-infective and anti-cancer potency. Fumagillin is at least partially effective by inducing suicidal death or apoptosis. In analogy to apoptosis of nucleated cells, eryptosis is the suicidal death of erythrocytes characterized by cell shrinkage and cell membrane scrambling with phosphatidylserine exposure at the cell surface. Stimulators of eryptosis include increase of cytosolic Ca(2+)-activity ([Ca(2+)](i)) and ceramide. The present study explored whether fumagillin (5-100 μM) could stimulate eryptosis. To this end, [Ca(2+)](i) was estimated from Fluo3 fluorescence, ceramide by utilizing specific antibodies, cell volume from forward scatter, phosphatidylserine exposure from annexin V binding and haemolysis from haemoglobin release. As a result, a 48-hr exposure to fumagillin significantly increased [Ca(2+)](i) (≥10 μM), enhanced ceramide abundance (100 μM), triggered annexin V binding (≥10 μM) and decreased forward scatter (≥10 μM). Fumagillin exposure was followed by slight but significant increase of haemolysis. Removal of extracellular Ca(2+) significantly blunted but did not abolish the effect of fumagillin (100 μM) on annexin V binding. The present observations disclose a novel effect of fumagillin, that is, stimulation of eryptosis, paralleled by Ca(2+) entry, ceramide formation, phosphatidylserine exposure and decrease of cell volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohanad Zbidah
- Department of Physiology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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20
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Bhat S, Shim JS, Zhang F, Chong CR, Liu JO. Substituted oxines inhibit endothelial cell proliferation and angiogenesis. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:2979-92. [PMID: 22391578 DOI: 10.1039/c2ob06978d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two substituted oxines, nitroxoline (5) and 5-chloroquinolin-8-yl phenylcarbamate (22), were identified as hits in a high-throughput screen aimed at finding new anti-angiogenic agents. In a previous study, we have elucidated the molecular mechanism of antiproliferative activity of nitroxoline in endothelial cells, which comprises of a dual inhibition of type 2 human methionine aminopeptidase (MetAP2) and sirtuin 1 (SIRT1). Structure-activity relationship study (SAR) of nitroxoline offered many surprises where minor modifications yielded oxine derivatives with increased potency against human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), but with entirely different as yet unknown mechanisms. For example, 5-nitrosoquinolin-8-ol (33) inhibited HUVEC growth with sub-micromolar IC(50), but did not affect MetAP2 or MetAP1, and it only showed weak inhibition against SIRT1. Other sub-micromolar inhibitors were derivatives of 5-aminoquinolin-8-ol (34) and 8-sulfonamidoquinoline (32). A sulfamate derivative of nitroxoline (48) was found to be more potent than nitroxoline with the retention of activities against MetAP2 and SIRT1. The bioactivity of the second hit, micromolar HUVEC and MetAP2 inhibitor carbamate 22 was improved further with an SAR study culminating in carbamate 24 which is a nanomolar inhibitor of HUVEC and MetAP2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shridhar Bhat
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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21
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Arico-Muendel CC, Benjamin DR, Caiazzo TM, Centrella PA, Contonio BD, Cook CM, Doyle EG, Hannig G, Labenski MT, Searle LL, Lind K, Morgan BA, Olson G, Paradise CL, Self C, Skinner SR, Sluboski B, Svendsen JL, Thompson CD, Westlin W, White KF. Carbamate analogues of fumagillin as potent, targeted inhibitors of methionine aminopeptidase-2. J Med Chem 2010; 52:8047-56. [PMID: 19929003 DOI: 10.1021/jm901260k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of methionine aminopeptidase-2 (MetAP2) represents a novel approach to antiangiogenic therapy. We describe the synthesis and activity of fumagillin analogues that address the pharmacokinetic and safety liabilities of earlier candidates in this compound class. Two-step elaboration of fumagillol with amines yielded a diverse series of carbamates at C6 of the cyclohexane spiroepoxide. The most potent of these compounds exhibited subnanomolar inhibition of cell proliferation in HUVEC and BAEC assays. Although a range of functionalities were tolerated at this position, alpha-trisubstituted amines possessed markedly decreased inhibitory activity, and this could be rationalized by modeling based on the known fumagillin-MetAP2 crystal structure. The lead compound resulting from these studies, (3R,4S,5S,6R)-5-methoxy-4-((2R,3R)-2-methyl-3-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)oxiran-2-yl)-1-oxaspiro[2.5]octan-6-yl (R)-1-amino-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-ylcarbamate, (PPI-2458), demonstrated an improved pharmacokinetic profile relative to the earlier clinical candidate TNP-470, and has advanced into phase I clinical studies in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and solid cancers.
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22
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Datta B. Roles of P67/MetAP2 as a tumor suppressor. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2009; 1796:281-92. [PMID: 19716858 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2009.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2009] [Revised: 08/12/2009] [Accepted: 08/22/2009] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A precise balance between growth promoting signals and growth inhibitory signals plays important roles in the maintenance of healthy mammalian cells. Any deregulation of this critical balance converts normal cells into abnormal or cancerous cells. Several macromolecules are being identified and characterized that are involved in the regulation of cell signaling pathways that connect to the cell cycle and thus they play roles as tumor promoters or tumor suppressors. In situ tumor formation needs active angiogenesis, a process that generates new blood vessels from existing ones either by splitting or sprouting. Several small molecule inhibitors and proteins have been identified as inhibitors of angiogenesis. One such protein, p67/MetAP2 also known as methionine aminopeptidase 2 (MetAP2), has been shown to bind covalently to fumagillin and its derivatives that have anti-angiogenic activity. In addition to fumagillin or its derivatives, several other small molecule inhibitors of p67/MetAP2 have been recently identified and some of these drugs are in phase III trials for cancer therapy. Although molecular details of actions toward tumor suppression by these drugs are largely unknown, a significant progress has been made to understand the structure-function relationship of p67/MetAP2 and its roles in the maintenance of the levels of phosphorylation of the proportional, variant-subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2 proportional, variant) and extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2). In this article, roles of p67/MetAP2 in the suppression of cancer development are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bansidhar Datta
- Department of Chemistry, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA.
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23
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Arico-Muendel C, Centrella PA, Contonio BD, Morgan BA, O'Donovan G, Paradise CL, Skinner SR, Sluboski B, Svendsen JL, White KF, Debnath A, Gut J, Wilson N, McKerrow JH, DeRisi JL, Rosenthal PJ, Chiang PK. Antiparasitic activities of novel, orally available fumagillin analogs. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:5128-31. [PMID: 19648008 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2009] [Revised: 06/20/2009] [Accepted: 07/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Fumagillin, an irreversible inhibitor of MetAP2, has been shown to potently inhibit growth of malaria parasites in vitro. Here, we demonstrate activity of fumagillin analogs with an improved pharmacokinetic profile against malaria parasites, trypanosomes, and amoebas. A subset of the compounds showed efficacy in a murine malaria model. The observed SAR forms a basis for further optimization of fumagillin based inhibitors against parasitic targets by inhibition of MetAP2.
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24
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Hou L, Mori D, Takase Y, Meihua P, Kai K, Tokunaga O. Fumagillin inhibits colorectal cancer growth and metastasis in mice:In vivoandin vitrostudy of anti-angiogenesis. Pathol Int 2009; 59:448-61. [PMID: 19563408 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1827.2009.02393.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Hou
- Department of Pathology and Biodefense, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
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25
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Galal AM, Gul W, Slade D, Ross SA, Feng S, Hollingshead MG, Alley MC, Kaur G, ElSohly MA. Synthesis and evaluation of dihydroartemisinin and dihydroartemisitene acetal dimers showing anticancer and antiprotozoal activity. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 17:741-51. [PMID: 19084416 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.11.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2006] [Revised: 11/14/2008] [Accepted: 11/17/2008] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Twelve artemisinin acetal dimers were synthesized and tested for antitumor activity in the National Cancer Institute (NCI) in vitro human tumor 60 cell line assay, producing a mean GI(50) concentration between 8.7 (least active) and 0.019 microM (most active). The significant activity of the compounds in this preliminary screen led to additional in vitro antitumor and antiangiogenesis studies. Several active dimers were also evaluated in the in vivo NCI hollow fiber assay followed by a preliminary xenograft study. The title compounds were found to be active against solid tumor-derived cell lines and showed good correlation with other artemisinin-based molecules in the NCI database. The dimers were also evaluated for their antimalarial and antileishmanial activities. The antimalarial activity ranged from 0.3 to 32 nM (IC(50)), compared to 9.9 nM for artemisinin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Galal
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA.
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