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Alemán OR, Rosales C. Human neutrophil Fc gamma receptors: different buttons for different responses. J Leukoc Biol 2023; 114:571-584. [PMID: 37437115 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiad080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are fundamental cells in host defense. These leukocytes are quickly recruited from the blood to sites of infection or tissue damage. At these sites, neutrophils initiate several innate immune responses, including phagocytosis, production of reactive oxygen species, degranulation to release proteases and other antimicrobial compounds, production of inflammatory mediators, and formation of neutrophil extracellular traps. In addition to their role in innate immunity, neutrophils are now recognized as cells that also regulate adaptive immunity, via interaction with dendritic cells and lymphocytes. Neutrophils also respond to adaptive immunity by interacting with antibody molecules. Indeed, antibody molecules allow neutrophils to have antigen-specific responses. Neutrophils express different receptors for antibodies. The receptors for immunoglobulin G molecules are known as Fcγ receptors. Upon Fcγ receptor aggregation on the cell membrane, these receptors trigger distinct signal transduction cascades that activate particular cellular responses. In this review, we describe the major Fcγ receptors expressed on human neutrophils and discuss how each Fcγ receptor activates a choice of signaling pathways to stimulate particular neutrophil responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Rafael Alemán
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apdo. Postal 70228, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México 04510, México
| | - Carlos Rosales
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apdo. Postal 70228, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México 04510, México
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2
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Lu KL, Wu MY, Wang CH, Wang CW, Hung SI, Chung WH, Chen CB. The Role of Immune Checkpoint Receptors in Regulating Immune Reactivity in Lupus. Cells 2019; 8:E1213. [PMID: 31597242 PMCID: PMC6829486 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint receptors with co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory signals are important modulators for the immune system. However, unrestricted co-stimulation and/or inadequate co-inhibition may cause breakdown of self-tolerance, leading to autoimmunity. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex multi-organ disease with skewed and dysregulated immune responses interacting with genetics and the environment. The close connections between co-signaling pathways and SLE have gradually been established in past research. Also, the recent success of immune checkpoint blockade in cancer therapy illustrates the importance of the co-inhibitory receptors in cancer immunotherapy. Moreover, immune checkpoint blockade could result in substantial immune-related adverse events that mimic autoimmune diseases, including lupus. Together, immune checkpoint regulators represent viable immunotherapeutic targets for the treatment of both autoimmunity and cancer. Therefore, it appears reasonable to treat SLE by restoring the out-of-order co-signaling axis or by manipulating collateral pathways to control the pathogenic immune responses. Here, we review the current state of knowledge regarding the relationships between SLE and the co-signaling pathways of T cells, B cells, dendritic cells, and neutrophils, and highlight their potential clinical implications. Current clinical trials targeting the specific co-signaling axes involved in SLE help to advance such knowledge, but further in-depth exploration is still warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Lin Lu
- Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou 333, Taiwan; (K.-L.L.); (M.-Y.W.); , (C.-W.W.); (S.-I.H.)
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ying Wu
- Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou 333, Taiwan; (K.-L.L.); (M.-Y.W.); , (C.-W.W.); (S.-I.H.)
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, Drug Hypersensitivity Clinical and Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei 105, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hui Wang
- Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou 333, Taiwan; (K.-L.L.); (M.-Y.W.); , (C.-W.W.); (S.-I.H.)
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, Drug Hypersensitivity Clinical and Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei 105, Taiwan
| | - Chuang-Wei Wang
- Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou 333, Taiwan; (K.-L.L.); (M.-Y.W.); , (C.-W.W.); (S.-I.H.)
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, Drug Hypersensitivity Clinical and Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei 105, Taiwan
- Cancer Vaccine and Immune Cell Therapy Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou 333, Taiwan
| | - Shuen-Iu Hung
- Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou 333, Taiwan; (K.-L.L.); (M.-Y.W.); , (C.-W.W.); (S.-I.H.)
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, Drug Hypersensitivity Clinical and Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei 105, Taiwan
- Cancer Vaccine and Immune Cell Therapy Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou 333, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hung Chung
- Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou 333, Taiwan; (K.-L.L.); (M.-Y.W.); , (C.-W.W.); (S.-I.H.)
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, Drug Hypersensitivity Clinical and Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei 105, Taiwan
- Cancer Vaccine and Immune Cell Therapy Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou 333, Taiwan
- Whole-Genome Research Core Laboratory of Human Diseases, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 204, Taiwan
- Immune-Oncology Center of Excellence, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou 333, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, Xiamen Chang Gung Hospital, Xiamen 361000, China
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Bing Chen
- Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou 333, Taiwan; (K.-L.L.); (M.-Y.W.); , (C.-W.W.); (S.-I.H.)
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, Drug Hypersensitivity Clinical and Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei 105, Taiwan
- Cancer Vaccine and Immune Cell Therapy Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou 333, Taiwan
- Whole-Genome Research Core Laboratory of Human Diseases, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 204, Taiwan
- Immune-Oncology Center of Excellence, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou 333, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, Xiamen Chang Gung Hospital, Xiamen 361000, China
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
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3
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Abstract
Glycosylation of IgG Fc domains is a central mechanism in the diversification of antibody function. Modifications to the core Fc glycan impact antibody function by shifting the balance of Type I and Type II Fc gamma receptors (FcγR) that will be engaged by immune complexes. This, in turn, modulates the effector cells and functions that can be recruited during immune activation. Critically, humans have evolved to regulate Fc glycan modifications for immune homeostasis. Dysregulation in Fc glycan modifications can lead to loss of immune tolerance, symptomatic autoimmunity, and susceptibility to infectious diseases. Here, we discuss IgG Fc glycosylation and its role in human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taia T Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Program in Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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4
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Anania JC, Chenoweth AM, Wines BD, Hogarth PM. The Human FcγRII (CD32) Family of Leukocyte FcR in Health and Disease. Front Immunol 2019; 10:464. [PMID: 30941127 PMCID: PMC6433993 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
FcγRs have been the focus of extensive research due to their key role linking innate and humoral immunity and their implication in both inflammatory and infectious disease. Within the human FcγR family FcγRII (activatory FcγRIIa and FcγRIIc, and inhibitory FcγRIIb) are unique in their ability to signal independent of the common γ chain. Through improved understanding of the structure of these receptors and how this affects their function we may be able to better understand how to target FcγR specific immune activation or inhibition, which will facilitate in the development of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies in patients where FcγRII activity may be desirable for efficacy. This review is focused on roles of the human FcγRII family members and their link to immunoregulation in healthy individuals and infection, autoimmunity and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica C Anania
- Centre for Biomedical Research, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Alicia M Chenoweth
- Centre for Biomedical Research, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Bruce D Wines
- Centre for Biomedical Research, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - P Mark Hogarth
- Centre for Biomedical Research, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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5
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Wang J, Li Z, Xu L, Yang H, Liu W. Transmembrane domain dependent inhibitory function of FcγRIIB. Protein Cell 2018; 9:1004-1012. [PMID: 29497990 PMCID: PMC6251803 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-018-0509-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
FcγRIIB, the only inhibitory IgG Fc receptor, functions to suppress the hyper-activation of immune cells. Numerous studies have illustrated its inhibitory function through the ITIM motif in the cytoplasmic tail of FcγRIIB. However, later studies revealed that in addition to the ITIM, the transmembrane (TM) domain of FcγRIIB is also indispensable for its inhibitory function. Indeed, recent epidemiological studies revealed that a non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism (rs1050501) within the TM domain of FcγRIIB, responsible for the I232T substitution, is associated with the susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In this review, we will summarize these epidemiological and functional studies of FcγRIIB-I232T in the past few years, and will further discuss the mechanisms accounting for the functional loss of FcγRIIB-I232T. Our review will help the reader gain a deeper understanding of the importance of the TM domain in mediating the inhibitory function of FcγRIIB and may provide insights to a new therapeutic target for the associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyi Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zongyu Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Liling Xu
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Harvard University, 400 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
| | - Hengwen Yang
- The First Affiliate Hospital, Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Antibody Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Wanli Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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6
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Roghanian A, Stopforth RJ, Dahal LN, Cragg MS. New revelations from an old receptor: Immunoregulatory functions of the inhibitory Fc gamma receptor, FcγRIIB (CD32B). J Leukoc Biol 2018; 103:1077-1088. [PMID: 29406570 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.2mir0917-354r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The Fc gamma receptor IIB (FcγRIIB/CD32B) was generated million years ago during evolution. It is the sole inhibitory receptor for IgG, and has long been associated with the regulation of humoral immunity and innate immune homeostasis. However, new and surprising functions of FcγRIIB are emerging. In particular, FcγRIIB has been shown to perform unexpected activatory roles in both immune-signaling and monoclonal antibody (mAb) immunotherapy. Furthermore, although ITIM signaling is an integral part of FcγRIIB regulatory activity, it is now clear that inhibition/activation of immune responses can occur independently of the ITIM. In light of these new findings, we present an overview of the established and noncanonical functions of FcγRIIB and discuss how this knowledge might be exploited therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Roghanian
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Richard J Stopforth
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Lekh N Dahal
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Mark S Cragg
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
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7
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Vollack N, Friese J, Bergmann S, Cragg MS, Tiede A, Werwitzke S. Anti-FcγRIIB (CD32) Antibodies Differentially Modulate Murine FVIII-Specific Recall Response in vitro. Scand J Immunol 2017; 86:91-99. [PMID: 28561280 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Fc gamma receptors (FcγRs) for IgG regulate adaptive immune responses by modulating activating and inhibitory signalling pathways within immune cells. Data from a haemophilia A mouse model demonstrate that genetic deletion or blockade of the inhibitory FcγR (CD32) suppresses the formation of antibody-secreting cells (ASCs) in vitro. Mechanisms preventing the FVIII-specific recall response, however, remain unclear. Here, the potential role of CD32 inhibition was studied by differentially modulating receptor activity with selected anti-CD32 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Splenocytes from immunized FVIII-/- mice were restimulated with FVIII in the absence or presence of different anti-CD32 mAbs over 6 days. At day 6, cytokine release was quantified from cell culture supernatant and the formation of FVIII-specific ASCs assessed. Binding of FVIII-containing immune complexes (F8-ICs) to bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMdDCs) was also investigated. The antagonistic CD32 mAb AT128 suppressed the formation of FVIII-specific ASCs and reduced secretion of IFN-γ and IL-10. In contrast, the agonistic mAbs AT130-2 and AT130-5, and their F(ab')2 fragments, allowed the formation of FVIII-specific ASCs, even though the full IgG of AT130-2 reduced binding of F8-ICs to CD32. Data suggest that an inhibitory signal is transmitted when F8-ICs bind to CD32 and that this signal is required during memory B cell (MBC) activation to support formation of FVIII-specific ASCs. If the inhibitory signal is lacking due to CD32 deletion or blockade with antagonistic anti-CD32 mAbs, FVIII-specific T cell stimulation and ASC formation are suppressed, whereas agonistic stimulation of CD32 restores T cell stimulation and ASC formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Vollack
- Department of Haematology, Haemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - J Friese
- Department of Haematology, Haemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - S Bergmann
- Department of Haematology, Haemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - M S Cragg
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Cancer Science Unit, Faculty of Medicine, General Hospital, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - A Tiede
- Department of Haematology, Haemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - S Werwitzke
- Department of Haematology, Haemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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8
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Lehmann CHK, Baranska A, Heidkamp GF, Heger L, Neubert K, Lühr JJ, Hoffmann A, Reimer KC, Brückner C, Beck S, Seeling M, Kießling M, Soulat D, Krug AB, Ravetch JV, Leusen JHW, Nimmerjahn F, Dudziak D. DC subset-specific induction of T cell responses upon antigen uptake via Fcγ receptors in vivo. J Exp Med 2017; 214:1509-1528. [PMID: 28389502 PMCID: PMC5413326 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20160951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lehmann et al. targeted antigens to Fcγ receptors expressed on various antigen-presenting cells. Induced CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses were solely dependent on CD11b+ and CD8+ DC subsets, respectively, but independent of receptor intrinsic ITAM or ITIM signaling domains. Dendritic cells (DCs) are efficient antigen-presenting cells equipped with various cell surface receptors for the direct or indirect recognition of pathogenic microorganisms. Interestingly, not much is known about the specific expression pattern and function of the individual activating and inhibitory Fcγ receptors (FcγRs) on splenic DC subsets in vivo and how they contribute to the initiation of T cell responses. By targeting antigens to select activating and the inhibitory FcγR in vivo, we show that antigen uptake under steady-state conditions results in a short-term expansion of antigen-specific T cells, whereas under inflammatory conditions especially, the activating FcγRIV is able to induce superior CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses. Of note, this effect was independent of FcγR intrinsic activating signaling pathways. Moreover, despite the expression of FcγRIV on both conventional splenic DC subsets, the induction of CD8+ T cell responses was largely dependent on CD11c+CD8+ DCs, whereas CD11c+CD8− DCs were critical for priming CD4+ T cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian H K Lehmann
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anna Baranska
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.,Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 13288 Marseille-Luminy, France
| | - Gordon F Heidkamp
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lukas Heger
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kirsten Neubert
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jennifer J Lühr
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alana Hoffmann
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Katharina C Reimer
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christin Brückner
- Department of Biology, Chair of Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Simone Beck
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michaela Seeling
- Department of Biology, Chair of Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Melissa Kießling
- Department of Biology, Chair of Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Didier Soulat
- Mikrobiologisches Institut - Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anne B Krug
- Institute for Immunology, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Jeffrey V Ravetch
- Leonard Wagner Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065
| | - Jeanette H W Leusen
- Immunotherapy Laboratory, Laboratory for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Falk Nimmerjahn
- Department of Biology, Chair of Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany .,Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Diana Dudziak
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany .,Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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9
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Li Y, Sun Z, Cao Q, Chen M, Luo H, Lin X, Xiao F. Role of amyloid β protein receptors in mediating synaptic plasticity. Biomed Rep 2017; 6:379-386. [PMID: 28413635 PMCID: PMC5374942 DOI: 10.3892/br.2017.863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
There are few diseases in modern biomedicine that have garnered as much scientific interest and public concern as Alzheimer's disease (AD). The amyloid hypothesis has become the dominant model of AD pathogenesis; however, the details of the hypothesis are changing over time. Recently, given the increasing recognition, subtle effects of amyloid β protein (Aβ) on synaptic efficacy may be critical to AD progression. Synaptic plasticity is the important neurochemical foundation of learning and memory. Recent studies have identified that soluble Aβ oligomers combine with certain receptors to impair synaptic plasticity in AD, which advanced the amyloid hypothesis. The aim of the present review was to summarize the role of Aβ-relevant receptors in regulating synaptic plasticity and their downstream signaling cascades, which may provide novel insights into the understanding of the pathogenesis of AD and the development of therapeutic strategies to slow down the progression of AD-associated memory decline in the early stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Zhongqing Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Qiaoyu Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Meiwan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, P.R. China
| | - Huanmin Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Xi Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Fei Xiao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
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10
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Rosales C. Fcγ Receptor Heterogeneity in Leukocyte Functional Responses. Front Immunol 2017; 8:280. [PMID: 28373871 PMCID: PMC5357773 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibodies participate in defense of the organism from all types of pathogens, including viruses, bacteria, fungi, and protozoa. IgG antibodies recognize their associated antigen via their two Fab portions and are in turn recognized though their Fc portion by specific Fcγ receptors (FcγRs) on the membrane of immune cells. Multiple types and polymorphic variants of FcγR exist. These receptors are expressed in many cells types and are also redundant in inducing cell responses. Crosslinking of FcγR on the surface of leukocytes activates several effector functions aimed toward the destruction of pathogens and the induction of an inflammatory response. In the past few years, new evidence on how the particular IgG subclass and the glycosylation pattern of the antibody modulate the IgG-FcγR interaction has been presented. Despite these advances, our knowledge of what particular effector function is activated in a certain cell and in response to a specific type of FcγR remains very limited today. On one hand, each immune cell could be programmed to perform a particular cell function after FcγR crosslinking. On the other, each FcγR could activate a particular signaling pathway leading to a unique cell response. In this review, I describe the main types of FcγRs and our current view of how particular FcγRs activate various signaling pathways to promote unique leukocyte functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Rosales
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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11
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Gangwar RS, Landolina N, Arpinati L, Levi-Schaffer F. Mast cell and eosinophil surface receptors as targets for anti-allergic therapy. Pharmacol Ther 2016; 170:37-63. [PMID: 27773785 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roopesh Singh Gangwar
- Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics Unit, Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Nadine Landolina
- Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics Unit, Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ludovica Arpinati
- Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics Unit, Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Francesca Levi-Schaffer
- Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics Unit, Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel.
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12
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Bosques CJ, Manning AM. Fc-gamma receptors: Attractive targets for autoimmune drug discovery searching for intelligent therapeutic designs. Autoimmun Rev 2016; 15:1081-1088. [PMID: 27491569 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2016.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Autoantibody immune complexes (ICs) mediate pathogenesis in multiple autoimmune diseases via direct interference with target function, complement fixation, and interaction with Fc-gamma receptors (FcγRs). Through high avidity interactions, ICs are able to crosslink low affinity FcγRs expressed on a wide variety of effector cells, leading to secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators and inducing cytotoxicity, ultimately resulting in tissue injury. Given their relevance in numerous autoimmune diseases, FcγRs have been considered as attractive therapeutic targets for the last three decades. However, a limited number of investigational drug candidates have been developed targeting FcγRs and only a few approved therapeutics have been associated with impacting FcγRs. This review provides a historical overview of the different therapeutic approaches used to target FcγRs for the treatment of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos J Bosques
- Momenta Pharmaceuticals, 675 West Kendall Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Anthony M Manning
- Momenta Pharmaceuticals, 675 West Kendall Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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13
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Harnessing Fc receptor biology in the design of therapeutic antibodies. Curr Opin Immunol 2016; 40:78-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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14
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Human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells attenuate collagen antibody-induced autoimmune arthritis by inducing expression of FCGIIB receptors. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2015. [PMID: 26210906 PMCID: PMC4515315 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-015-0634-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) are mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from adipose tissue. MSCs have multiple properties including anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects in various disease models and human diseases. However, the mechanisms underlying this wide range of effects need to be explored. Methods Collagen antibody-induced arthritis (CAIA) is a unique model in which arthritis is rapidly and strongly induced. ASCs were intraperitoneally infused into CAIA mice before or after arthritis induction. The serum levels of various cytokines, adipokines, and chemokines were measured. The expression of FC gamma receptors (FCGRs) was investigated in peritoneal macrophages ex vivo. RAW264.7 cells and ASCs were co-cultured to elucidate the direct and indirect role of ASCs on FCGR expression. Results ASCs attenuated arthritis in CAIA mice. Serum levels of tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin (IL)-15, resistin, and leptin were reduced in ASC-treated CAIA mice, whereas serum levels of IL-6 and adiponectin were not affected. In peritoneal macrophages isolated from ASC-treated mice, expression of FCGRIIB, which is immunoinhibitory, was higher than that of FCGRI. Co-culture of ASCs with RAW264.7 cells modulated the expression of FCGRs. The expression patterns and timings of peak expression differed among FCGRs. Expression of FCGRIIB was higher and peaked earlier than that of FCGRI. FCGRIII expression was not affected by this co-culture. Conclusions This is a study to show that ASCs have anti-arthritic effects in CAIA mice. Modulation of FCGRs by ASCs might be a therapeutic mechanism in this antibody-associated arthritis model.
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15
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Müller J, Lunz B, Schwab I, Acs A, Nimmerjahn F, Daniel C, Nitschke L. Siglec-G Deficiency Leads to Autoimmunity in Aging C57BL/6 Mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:51-60. [PMID: 25987743 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1403139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Siglec-G, a member of the sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin (Siglec) family, is expressed on B cell and dendritic cell surfaces. It acts as an inhibitory coreceptor and modulates B cell activation, especially on B1 cells, as Siglec-G-deficient mice show mainly a B1 cell-restricted phenotype resulting in increased B1 cell numbers. Although higher B1 cell numbers are discussed to be associated with autoimmunity, loss of Siglec-G does not result in autoimmune disease in BALB/c mice. However, there is evidence from Siglec-G × CD22 double-deficient mice and Siglec-G(-/-) mice on an autoimmune-prone MRL/lpr background that Siglec-G is important to maintain tolerance in B cells. In this study, we analyzed the role of Siglec-G in induction and maintenance of B cell tolerance on C57BL/6 background and in the FcγRIIb-deficient background. We find that aging Siglec-G-deficient and Siglec-G × FcγRIIb double-deficient mice develop an autoimmune phenotype with elevated autoantibody levels and mild glomerulonephritis. Aging Siglec-G-deficient mice have elevated numbers of plasma cells and germinal center B cells, as well as a higher number of activated CD4 T cells, which likely all contribute to autoantibody production. Additional loss of the inhibitory receptor FcγRIIb in Siglec-G(-/-) mice does not result in exacerbation of disease. These results indicate that Siglec-G is important to maintain tolerance in B cells and prevent autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Müller
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; and
| | - Benjamin Lunz
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; and
| | - Inessa Schwab
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; and
| | - Andreas Acs
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; and
| | - Falk Nimmerjahn
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; and
| | - Christoph Daniel
- Department of Nephropathology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lars Nitschke
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; and
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16
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DU G, Fang X, Dai W, Zhang R, Liu R, Dang X. Comparative gene expression profiling of normal and human colorectal adenomatous tissues. Oncol Lett 2014; 8:2081-2085. [PMID: 25295094 PMCID: PMC4186588 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.2485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenomatous colorectal polyps are the precursors of the majority of colorectal cancers. Investigation into the gene expression changes in the progression of colorectal adenoma may offer potential targets for the development of novel diagnostic strategies. Previous gene expression studies have generally been based on a limited number of cases or only focused on a single or a few genes. The present study aimed to identify molecular characteristics of colorectal adenoma through analysis of pathways and gene ontology. The study identified 808 upregulated and 857 downregulated genes. Among the 40 pathways enriched with differentially-expressed genes, the Staphylococcus aureus infection pathway and the intestinal immune network for immunoglobulin A production pathway were identified as the most statistically noteworthy pathways at the early stage for colorectal tumorigenesis (P<0.05). These results provide new understanding of colorectal adenoma pathogenesis, with the hope of offering theoretical support for future therapeutic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gongliang DU
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
| | - Xuehong Fang
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
| | - Wei Dai
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
| | - Ruipeng Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
| | - Ruiting Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
| | - Xingbo Dang
- Department of General Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
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17
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Li SS, Gilbert PB, Tomaras GD, Kijak G, Ferrari G, Thomas R, Pyo CW, Zolla-Pazner S, Montefiori D, Liao HX, Nabel G, Pinter A, Evans DT, Gottardo R, Dai JY, Janes H, Morris D, Fong Y, Edlefsen PT, Li F, Frahm N, Alpert MD, Prentice H, Rerks-Ngarm S, Pitisuttithum P, Kaewkungwal J, Nitayaphan S, Robb ML, O'Connell RJ, Haynes BF, Michael NL, Kim JH, McElrath MJ, Geraghty DE. FCGR2C polymorphisms associate with HIV-1 vaccine protection in RV144 trial. J Clin Invest 2014; 124:3879-90. [PMID: 25105367 DOI: 10.1172/jci75539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The phase III RV144 HIV-1 vaccine trial estimated vaccine efficacy (VE) to be 31.2%. This trial demonstrated that the presence of HIV-1-specific IgG-binding Abs to envelope (Env) V1V2 inversely correlated with infection risk, while the presence of Env-specific plasma IgA Abs directly correlated with risk of HIV-1 infection. Moreover, Ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity responses inversely correlated with risk of infection in vaccine recipients with low IgA; therefore, we hypothesized that vaccine-induced Fc receptor-mediated (FcR-mediated) Ab function is indicative of vaccine protection. We sequenced exons and surrounding areas of FcR-encoding genes and found one FCGR2C tag SNP (rs114945036) that associated with VE against HIV-1 subtype CRF01_AE, with lysine at position 169 (169K) in the V2 loop (CRF01_AE 169K). Individuals carrying CC in this SNP had an estimated VE of 15%, while individuals carrying CT or TT exhibited a VE of 91%. Furthermore, the rs114945036 SNP was highly associated with 3 other FCGR2C SNPs (rs138747765, rs78603008, and rs373013207). Env-specific IgG and IgG3 Abs, IgG avidity, and neutralizing Abs inversely correlated with CRF01_AE 169K HIV-1 infection risk in the CT- or TT-carrying vaccine recipients only. These data suggest a potent role of Fc-γ receptors and Fc-mediated Ab function in conferring protection from transmission risk in the RV144 VE trial.
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18
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Chu SY, Yeter K, Kotha R, Pong E, Miranda Y, Phung S, Chen H, Lee SH, Leung I, Bonzon C, Desjarlais JR, Stohl W, Szymkowski DE. Suppression of Rheumatoid Arthritis B Cells by XmAb5871, an Anti-CD19 Antibody That Coengages B Cell Antigen Receptor Complex and Fcγ Receptor IIb Inhibitory Receptor. Arthritis Rheumatol 2014; 66:1153-64. [DOI: 10.1002/art.38334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Karen Yeter
- Los Angeles County + University of Southern California Medical Center and University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine; Los Angeles
| | - Roshan Kotha
- Los Angeles County + University of Southern California Medical Center and University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine; Los Angeles
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - William Stohl
- Los Angeles County + University of Southern California Medical Center and University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine; Los Angeles
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19
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Fokkink WJR, Selman MHJ, Dortland JR, Durmuş B, Kuitwaard K, Huizinga R, van Rijs W, Tio-Gillen AP, van Doorn PA, Deelder AM, Wuhrer M, Jacobs BC. IgG Fc N-glycosylation in Guillain-Barré syndrome treated with immunoglobulins. J Proteome Res 2014; 13:1722-30. [PMID: 24533874 DOI: 10.1021/pr401213z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) is the treatment of choice for Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), an immune-mediated peripheral neuropathy causing rapidly progressive limb weakness and respiratory failure. The working mechanism of IVIg in autoimmune diseases has not been elucidated, but previous studies indicate that some anti-inflammatory effects may be mediated by the N-glycosylation of the Fc-portion of IgG. GBS is a model disease to investigate these effects because GBS is an acute and monophasic disorder usually affecting healthy persons, which is treated with a standard course of IVIg, although the clinical response is highly variable. In the current study, the N-glycosylation of the Fc-portion of serum IgG was investigated in patients with GBS before and after treatment with IVIg in relation to clinical course and outcome. Glycoforms of serum IgG1 and IgG2 were determined separately by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. These IgG subclasses were purified from the serum of 174 GBS patients before and in 150 patients 2 weeks after standard IVIg treatment regimen. Treatment-naive GBS patients compared with age- and sex-matched controls had lower levels of galactosylation of IgG1 and IgG2. IVIg preparations contained relatively high levels of galactosylated and sialylated IgG Fc glycoforms compared with serum IgG in patients. Treatment with IVIg resulted in an increase in serum of the Fc-galactosylation and -sialylation of both IgG1 and IgG2. The extent of normalization in serum IgG Fc glycosylation varied between patients. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that patients with persistent low IgG galactosylation and sialylation despite IVIg treatment had the most severe forms of GBS and needed ventilator support more often. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that these patients also needed more time to be able to walk again compared with patients with a normalized IgG Fc glycosylation profile. In conclusion, our results suggest that serum IgG Fc glycosylation in GBS is related to disease severity and clinical recovery after IVIg and may help to develop new measures to monitor the efficacy of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willem-Jan R Fokkink
- Department of Immunology, ‡Department of Neurology, and §Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam , Dr. Molewaterplein 50, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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20
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McLachlan SM, Rapoport B. Breaking tolerance to thyroid antigens: changing concepts in thyroid autoimmunity. Endocr Rev 2014; 35:59-105. [PMID: 24091783 PMCID: PMC3895862 DOI: 10.1210/er.2013-1055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid autoimmunity involves loss of tolerance to thyroid proteins in genetically susceptible individuals in association with environmental factors. In central tolerance, intrathymic autoantigen presentation deletes immature T cells with high affinity for autoantigen-derived peptides. Regulatory T cells provide an alternative mechanism to silence autoimmune T cells in the periphery. The TSH receptor (TSHR), thyroid peroxidase (TPO), and thyroglobulin (Tg) have unusual properties ("immunogenicity") that contribute to breaking tolerance, including size, abundance, membrane association, glycosylation, and polymorphisms. Insight into loss of tolerance to thyroid proteins comes from spontaneous and induced animal models: 1) intrathymic expression controls self-tolerance to the TSHR, not TPO or Tg; 2) regulatory T cells are not involved in TSHR self-tolerance and instead control the balance between Graves' disease and thyroiditis; 3) breaking TSHR tolerance involves contributions from major histocompatibility complex molecules (humans and induced mouse models), TSHR polymorphism(s) (humans), and alternative splicing (mice); 4) loss of tolerance to Tg before TPO indicates that greater Tg immunogenicity vs TPO dominates central tolerance expectations; 5) tolerance is induced by thyroid autoantigen administration before autoimmunity is established; 6) interferon-α therapy for hepatitis C infection enhances thyroid autoimmunity in patients with intact immunity; Graves' disease developing after T-cell depletion reflects reconstitution autoimmunity; and 7) most environmental factors (including excess iodine) "reveal," but do not induce, thyroid autoimmunity. Micro-organisms likely exert their effects via bystander stimulation. Finally, no single mechanism explains the loss of tolerance to thyroid proteins. The goal of inducing self-tolerance to prevent autoimmune thyroid disease will require accurate prediction of at-risk individuals together with an antigen-specific, not blanket, therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra M McLachlan
- Thyroid Autoimmune Disease Unit, Cedars-Sinai Research Institute, and University of California-Los Angeles School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90048
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21
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Böhm S, Kao D, Nimmerjahn F. Sweet and sour: the role of glycosylation for the anti-inflammatory activity of immunoglobulin G. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2014; 382:393-417. [PMID: 25116110 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-07911-0_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The importance of immunoglobulin G (IgG) molecules for providing long-term sterile immunity as well as their major contribution to tissue inflammation during autoimmune diseases is generally accepted. In a similar manner, studies over the last years have elucidated many details of the molecular and cellular pathways underlying this protective activity in vivo, emphasizing the role of cellular recognizing the constant antibody fragment. In contrast, the active anti-inflammatory activity of IgG, despite being known and actually identified in human autoimmune patients more than 30 years ago, is much less defined. Recent evidence from several independent model systems suggests that IgG glycosylation is critical for the immunomodulatory activity of IgG and that both monomeric IgG as well as IgG immune complexes can diminish Fc receptor and complement dependent inflammatory processes. Moreover, there is increasing evidence that IgG molecules also modulate B and T cell responses, which may suggest that IgG is centrally involved in the establishment and maintenance of immune homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sybille Böhm
- Department of Biology, Institute of Genetics, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erwin-Rommelstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
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22
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Cosgrave EFJ, Struwe WB, Hayes JM, Harvey DJ, Wormald MR, Rudd PM. N-Linked Glycan Structures of the Human Fcγ Receptors Produced in NS0 Cells. J Proteome Res 2013; 12:3721-37. [DOI: 10.1021/pr400344h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eoin F. J. Cosgrave
- NIBRT Glycobiology Group, National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Foster’s Avenue, Mount Merrion, Blackrock, County Dublin,
Ireland
- Pharmaceutical
Life Sciences
Group, Waters Corporation, 34 Maple Street,
Milford, Massachusetts 01757, United States
| | - Weston B. Struwe
- NIBRT Glycobiology Group, National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Foster’s Avenue, Mount Merrion, Blackrock, County Dublin,
Ireland
- Chemistry Research Laboratory,
Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Jerrard M. Hayes
- NIBRT Glycobiology Group, National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Foster’s Avenue, Mount Merrion, Blackrock, County Dublin,
Ireland
| | - David J. Harvey
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute,
Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, United Kingdom
| | - Mark R. Wormald
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute,
Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, United Kingdom
| | - Pauline M. Rudd
- NIBRT Glycobiology Group, National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Foster’s Avenue, Mount Merrion, Blackrock, County Dublin,
Ireland
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23
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Bayry J, Radstake TR. Immune-mediated inflammatory diseases: progress in molecular pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2013; 9:297-299. [DOI: 10.1586/eci.13.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
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Schwab I, Nimmerjahn F. Intravenous immunoglobulin therapy: how does IgG modulate the immune system? Nat Rev Immunol 2013; 13:176-89. [PMID: 23411799 DOI: 10.1038/nri3401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 569] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) preparations comprise pooled IgG antibodies from the serum of thousands of donors and were initially used as an IgG replacement therapy in immunocompromised patients. Since the discovery, more than 30 years ago, that IVIG therapy can ameliorate immune thrombocytopenia, the use of IVIG preparations has been extended to a wide range of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Despite the broad efficacy of IVIG therapy, its modes of action remain unclear. In this Review, we cover the recent insights into the molecular and cellular pathways that are involved in IVIG-mediated immunosuppression, with a particular focus on IVIG as a therapy for IgG-dependent autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inessa Schwab
- Institute of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erwin-Rommelstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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