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Li R, Qi X, Wu F, Liu C, Huang X, Bai T, Xing S. Development of a fluorometric and colorimetric dual-mode sensing platform for acid phosphatase assay based on Fe 3+ functionalized CuInS 2/ZnS quantum dots. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1287:342121. [PMID: 38182392 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.342121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The spectral dual-mode response towards analyte has been attracted much attention, benefiting from the higher detection accuracy of such strategy in comparison to single signal readout. However, the currently reported dual-mode sensors for acid phosphatase (ACP) activity are still limited, and most of them more or less exist some deficiencies, such as complicated construction procedure, high-cost, poor biocompatibility, aggregation-caused quenching and limited emission capacity. RESULTS Herein, we employed Fe3+ functionalized CuInS2/ZnS quantum dots (CIS/ZnS QDs) as nanosensor to develop a novel fluorometric and colorimetric dual-mode assay for ACP activity, combing with ACP-triggered hydrolysis of ascorbic acid 2-phosphate (AAP) into ascorbic acid (AA). The Fe3+ binding to CIS/ZnS QDs can be reduced into Fe2+ during the determination, resulting in the dramatically weakened photoinduced electron transfer (PET) effect and the disappearance of competition absorption. Thus, a highly sensitive ACP assay in the range of 0.22-12.5 U L-1 through fluorescence "turn-on" mode has been achieved with a detection of limit (LOD) of 0.064 U L-1. Meanwhile, the ACP activity can also be quantified by spectrophotometry based on the chromogenic reaction of the formed Fe2+ with 1,10-phenanthroline (Phen). Moreover, the designed nanosensor with good biocompatibility was successfully applied to image and monitor the ACP levels in living cells. SIGNIFICANCE We believe that the proposed method has remarkable advantages and potential application for ACP assay in terms of the high accuracy, simplicity, low cost, as well as its adequate sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyi Li
- College of Medical Laboratory, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 West Section Lvshun South Road, Dalian, 116044, PR China
| | - Xiaofei Qi
- College of Medical Laboratory, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 West Section Lvshun South Road, Dalian, 116044, PR China
| | - Fengyao Wu
- College of Medical Laboratory, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 West Section Lvshun South Road, Dalian, 116044, PR China
| | - Cong Liu
- College of Medical Laboratory, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 West Section Lvshun South Road, Dalian, 116044, PR China
| | - Xiaohua Huang
- College of Medical Laboratory, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 West Section Lvshun South Road, Dalian, 116044, PR China
| | - Tianyu Bai
- College of Medical Laboratory, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 West Section Lvshun South Road, Dalian, 116044, PR China.
| | - Shanghua Xing
- Academy of Food Interdisciplinary Science, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, PR China.
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Kałuża A, Trzęsicka K, Drzyzga D, Ferens-Sieczkowska M. Aberrant Mannosylated and Highly Fucosylated Glycoepitopes of Prostatic Acid Phosphatase as Potential Ligands for Dendritic-Cell Specific ICAM-Grabbing Nonintegrin (DC-SIGN) in Human Seminal Plasma-A Step towards Explaining Idiopathic Infertility. Biomolecules 2023; 14:58. [PMID: 38254658 PMCID: PMC10813591 DOI: 10.3390/biom14010058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Semen prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) has been proposed as an endogenous ligand for dendritic cell-specific ICAM-3-grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN), which plays a critical immuno-modulating role in maintaining homeostasis in the female reproductive tracts. In the current study, we assumed that semen PAP bears a set of fucosylated and mannosylated glycans, which may mediate the efficient binding of PAP to DC-SIGN. To investigate this hypothesis, we developed ELISA assays using Galanthus nivalis and Lotus tetragonolobus lectins capable of binding mannose-containing glycans or LewisX and LewisY motifs, respectively. In our assay with Galanthus nivalis, we detected that the relative reactivity of PAP mannose-presenting glycans in the normozoospermic idiopathic group was significantly higher than in the asthenozoospermic, oligozoospermic and oligoasthenozoospermic groups. Simultaneously, we observed slight differences in the relative reactivities of PAP glycans with Lotus tetragonolobus lectin among groups of patients with abnormal semen parameters. Subsequently, we examined whether DC-SIGN interacts with seminal plasma PAP glycans, and we detected a significantly higher relative reactivity in the normozoospermic group compared to the oligozoospermic group. Finally, we concluded that the significantly aberrant abundance of mannosylated functional groups of PAP among patients with semen disorders can suggest that PAP may thereby be engaged in modulating the immune response and promoting a tolerogenic response to male antigens in the female reproductive system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kałuża
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunochemistry, Division of Chemistry and Immunochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 48/50, 50-369 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Trzęsicka
- INVICTA, Research and Development Center, Polna 64, 81-740 Sopot, Poland; (K.T.); (D.D.)
| | - Damian Drzyzga
- INVICTA, Research and Development Center, Polna 64, 81-740 Sopot, Poland; (K.T.); (D.D.)
| | - Mirosława Ferens-Sieczkowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunochemistry, Division of Chemistry and Immunochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 48/50, 50-369 Wroclaw, Poland;
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3
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Wang J, Shewell LK, Day CJ, Jennings MP. N-glycolylneuraminic acid as a carbohydrate cancer biomarker. Transl Oncol 2023; 31:101643. [PMID: 36805917 PMCID: PMC9971276 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2023.101643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the forms of aberrant glycosylation in human tumors is the expression of N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc). The only known enzyme to biosynthesize Neu5Gc in mammals, cytidine-5'-monophosphate-N-acetylneuraminic acid (CMAH), appears to be genetically inactivated in humans. Regardless, low levels of Neu5Gc have been detected in healthy humans. Therefore, it is proposed that the presence of Neu5Gc in humans is from dietary acquisition, such as red meat. Notably, detection of elevated Neu5Gc levels has been repeatedly found in cancer tissues, cells and serum samples, thereby Neu5Gc-containing antigens may be exploited as a class of cancer biomarkers. Here we review the findings to date on using Neu5Gc-containing tumor glycoconjugates as a class of cancer biomarkers for cancer detection, surveillance, prognosis and therapeutic targets. We review the evidence that supports an emerging hypothesis of de novo Neu5Gc biosynthesis in human cancer cells as a source of Neu5Gc in human tumors, generated under certain metabolic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Lucy K Shewell
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
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Shi W, Chen S, Chi F, Qiu Q, Zhong Y, Bian X, Zhang H, Xi J, Qian H. Advances in Tumor Antigen‐Based Anticancer Immunotherapy: Recent Progress, Prevailing Challenges, and Future Perspective. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202200239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Shi
- Center of Drug Discovery State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines China Pharmaceutical University 24 Tongjiaxiang Nanjing 210009 P. R. China
| | - Shuang Chen
- Center of Drug Discovery State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines China Pharmaceutical University 24 Tongjiaxiang Nanjing 210009 P. R. China
| | - Fanglian Chi
- Center of Drug Discovery State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines China Pharmaceutical University 24 Tongjiaxiang Nanjing 210009 P. R. China
| | - Qianqian Qiu
- Center of Drug Discovery State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines China Pharmaceutical University 24 Tongjiaxiang Nanjing 210009 P. R. China
| | - Yue Zhong
- Center of Drug Discovery State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines China Pharmaceutical University 24 Tongjiaxiang Nanjing 210009 P. R. China
| | - Xiaojian Bian
- Center of Drug Discovery State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines China Pharmaceutical University 24 Tongjiaxiang Nanjing 210009 P. R. China
| | - Hao Zhang
- School of Science China Pharmaceutical University 24 Tongjiaxiang Nanjing 210009 P. R. China
| | - Junting Xi
- School of Science China Pharmaceutical University 24 Tongjiaxiang Nanjing 210009 P. R. China
| | - Hai Qian
- Center of Drug Discovery State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines China Pharmaceutical University 24 Tongjiaxiang Nanjing 210009 P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease China Pharmaceutical University 24 Tongjiaxiang Nanjing 210009 P. R. China
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5
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Liu R, Mathieu C, Berthelet J, Zhang W, Dupret JM, Rodrigues Lima F. Human Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B (PTP1B): From Structure to Clinical Inhibitor Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137027. [PMID: 35806030 PMCID: PMC9266911 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphorylation is an essential process in biological events and is considered critical for biological functions. In tissues, protein phosphorylation mainly occurs on tyrosine (Tyr), serine (Ser) and threonine (Thr) residues. The balance between phosphorylation and dephosphorylation is under the control of two super enzyme families, protein kinases (PKs) and protein phosphatases (PPs), respectively. Although there are many selective and effective drugs targeting phosphokinases, developing drugs targeting phosphatases is challenging. PTP1B, one of the most central protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs), is a key player in several human diseases and disorders, such as diabetes, obesity, and hematopoietic malignancies, through modulation of different signaling pathways. However, due to high conservation among PTPs, most PTP1B inhibitors lack specificity, raising the need to develop new strategies targeting this enzyme. In this mini-review, we summarize three classes of PTP1B inhibitors with different mechanisms: (1) targeting multiple aryl-phosphorylation sites including the catalytic site of PTP1B; (2) targeting allosteric sites of PTP1B; (3) targeting specific mRNA sequence of PTP1B. All three types of PTP1B inhibitors present good specificity over other PTPs and are promising for the development of efficient small molecules targeting this enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongxing Liu
- Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, CNRS, Université Paris Cité, F-75013 Paris, France; (R.L.); (J.B.); (W.Z.); (J.-M.D.)
| | | | - Jérémy Berthelet
- Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, CNRS, Université Paris Cité, F-75013 Paris, France; (R.L.); (J.B.); (W.Z.); (J.-M.D.)
- Centre Epigénétique et Destin Cellulaire, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Wenchao Zhang
- Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, CNRS, Université Paris Cité, F-75013 Paris, France; (R.L.); (J.B.); (W.Z.); (J.-M.D.)
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jean-Marie Dupret
- Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, CNRS, Université Paris Cité, F-75013 Paris, France; (R.L.); (J.B.); (W.Z.); (J.-M.D.)
| | - Fernando Rodrigues Lima
- Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, CNRS, Université Paris Cité, F-75013 Paris, France; (R.L.); (J.B.); (W.Z.); (J.-M.D.)
- Correspondence:
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6
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Butler W, Huang J. Glycosylation Changes in Prostate Cancer Progression. Front Oncol 2021; 11:809170. [PMID: 35004332 PMCID: PMC8739790 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.809170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate Cancer (PCa) is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy and second leading cause of cancer-related mortality in men. With the use of next generation sequencing and proteomic platforms, new biomarkers are constantly being developed to both improve diagnostic sensitivity and specificity and help stratify patients into different risk groups for optimal management. In recent years, it has become well accepted that altered glycosylation is a hallmark of cancer progression and that the glycan structures resulting from these mechanisms show tremendous promise as both diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. In PCa, a wide range of structural alterations to glycans have been reported such as variations in sialylation and fucosylation, changes in branching, altered levels of Lewis and sialyl Lewis antigens, as well as the emergence of high mannose "cryptic" structures, which may be immunogenic and therapeutically relevant. Furthermore, aberrant expression of galectins, glycolipids, and proteoglycans have also been reported and associated with PCa cell survival and metastasis. In this review, we discuss the findings from various studies that have explored altered N- and O-linked glycosylation in PCa tissue and body fluids. We further discuss changes in O-GlcNAcylation as well as altered expression of galectins and glycoconjugates and their effects on PCa progression. Finally, we emphasize the clinical utility and potential impact of exploiting glycans as both biomarkers and therapeutic targets to improve our ability to diagnose clinically relevant tumors as well as expand treatment options for patients with advanced disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jiaoti Huang
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
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7
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Alam M, Ali S, Ahmed S, Elasbali AM, Adnan M, Islam A, Hassan MI, Yadav DK. Therapeutic Potential of Ursolic Acid in Cancer and Diabetic Neuropathy Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12162. [PMID: 34830043 PMCID: PMC8621142 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ursolic acid (UA) is a pentacyclic triterpenoid frequently found in medicinal herbs and plants, having numerous pharmacological effects. UA and its analogs treat multiple diseases, including cancer, diabetic neuropathy, and inflammatory diseases. UA inhibits cancer proliferation, metastasis, angiogenesis, and induced cell death, scavenging free radicals and triggering numerous anti- and pro-apoptotic proteins. The biochemistry of UA has been examined broadly based on the literature, with alterations frequently having been prepared on positions C-3 (hydroxyl), C12-C13 (double bonds), and C-28 (carboxylic acid), leading to several UA derivatives with increased potency, bioavailability and water solubility. UA could be used as a protective agent to counter neural dysfunction via anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. It is a potential therapeutic drug implicated in the treatment of cancer and diabetic complications diseases provide novel machinery to the anti-inflammatory properties of UA. The pharmacological efficiency of UA is exhibited by the therapeutic theory of one-drug → several targets → one/multiple diseases. Hence, UA shows promising therapeutic potential for cancer and diabetic neuropathy diseases. This review aims to discuss mechanistic insights into promising beneficial effects of UA. We further explained the pharmacological aspects, clinical trials, and potential limitations of UA for the management of cancer and diabetic neuropathy diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manzar Alam
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India; (M.A.); (S.A.); (A.I.); (M.I.H.)
| | - Sabeeha Ali
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India; (M.A.); (S.A.); (A.I.); (M.I.H.)
| | - Sarfraz Ahmed
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India;
| | - Abdelbaset Mohamed Elasbali
- Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences-Qurayyat, Jouf University, Sakaka P.O. Box 2014, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Adnan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail P.O. Box 2440, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Asimul Islam
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India; (M.A.); (S.A.); (A.I.); (M.I.H.)
| | - Md. Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India; (M.A.); (S.A.); (A.I.); (M.I.H.)
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Yadav
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Hambakmoeiro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21924, Korea
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8
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Tay BQ, Wright Q, Ladwa R, Perry C, Leggatt G, Simpson F, Wells JW, Panizza BJ, Frazer IH, Cruz JLG. Evolution of Cancer Vaccines-Challenges, Achievements, and Future Directions. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9050535. [PMID: 34065557 PMCID: PMC8160852 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9050535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of cancer vaccines has been intensively pursued over the past 50 years with modest success. However, recent advancements in the fields of genetics, molecular biology, biochemistry, and immunology have renewed interest in these immunotherapies and allowed the development of promising cancer vaccine candidates. Numerous clinical trials testing the response evoked by tumour antigens, differing in origin and nature, have shed light on the desirable target characteristics capable of inducing strong tumour-specific non-toxic responses with increased potential to bring clinical benefit to patients. Novel delivery methods, ranging from a patient’s autologous dendritic cells to liposome nanoparticles, have exponentially increased the abundance and exposure of the antigenic payloads. Furthermore, growing knowledge of the mechanisms by which tumours evade the immune response has led to new approaches to reverse these roadblocks and to re-invigorate previously suppressed anti-tumour surveillance. The use of new drugs in combination with antigen-based therapies is highly targeted and may represent the future of cancer vaccines. In this review, we address the main antigens and delivery methods used to develop cancer vaccines, their clinical outcomes, and the new directions that the vaccine immunotherapy field is taking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ban Qi Tay
- Faculty of Medicine, Diamantina Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia; (B.Q.T.); (Q.W.); (G.L.); (F.S.); (J.W.W.); (I.H.F.)
| | - Quentin Wright
- Faculty of Medicine, Diamantina Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia; (B.Q.T.); (Q.W.); (G.L.); (F.S.); (J.W.W.); (I.H.F.)
| | - Rahul Ladwa
- Department of Medical Oncology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia;
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia; (C.P.); (B.J.P.)
| | - Christopher Perry
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia; (C.P.); (B.J.P.)
- Department of Otolaryngology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Graham Leggatt
- Faculty of Medicine, Diamantina Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia; (B.Q.T.); (Q.W.); (G.L.); (F.S.); (J.W.W.); (I.H.F.)
| | - Fiona Simpson
- Faculty of Medicine, Diamantina Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia; (B.Q.T.); (Q.W.); (G.L.); (F.S.); (J.W.W.); (I.H.F.)
| | - James W. Wells
- Faculty of Medicine, Diamantina Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia; (B.Q.T.); (Q.W.); (G.L.); (F.S.); (J.W.W.); (I.H.F.)
| | - Benedict J. Panizza
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia; (C.P.); (B.J.P.)
- Department of Otolaryngology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Ian H. Frazer
- Faculty of Medicine, Diamantina Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia; (B.Q.T.); (Q.W.); (G.L.); (F.S.); (J.W.W.); (I.H.F.)
| | - Jazmina L. G. Cruz
- Faculty of Medicine, Diamantina Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia; (B.Q.T.); (Q.W.); (G.L.); (F.S.); (J.W.W.); (I.H.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-0478912737
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Li R, Sun Y, Jin L, Qiao X, Li C, Shen Y. Smartphone based highly sensitive visualized detection of acid phosphatase enzyme activity. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:809-816. [PMID: 33502402 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay02128h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid development of point-of-care (POC) technologies, development of sensitive method featured with fast analysis and affordable devices has become an emerging requirement for practical applications. In this study, we introduced a smartphone-based RGB analysis system for the sensitive detection of acid phosphatase (ACP) enzyme activity. In the presence of ACP, l-ascorbic acid 2-phosphate (AAP) can be converted into ascorbic acid (AA), which can reduce Ag+ to Ag0 and format the Au@Ag core-shell nanostructure. This morphology change of the Au@Ag core-shell would trigger a significant color variation (pink to yellow). A good linear relationship between the RGB model parameter and the concentration of ACP could be obtained with a detection limit of 0.1 U L-1. Moreover, this sensing strategy is suitable for the detection of ACP in practical serum samples. Thus, this simple but powerful protocol has great potential application for on-site detection of ACP in future complex biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Johnson LE, Frye TP, McNeel DG. Immunization with a prostate cancer xenoantigen elicits a xenoantigen epitope-specific T-cell response. Oncoimmunology 2021; 1:1546-1556. [PMID: 23264901 PMCID: PMC3525610 DOI: 10.4161/onci.22564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccines encoding xenoantigens, “non-self” proteins that are highly homologous to their autologous counterparts, have been investigated as a means to increase immunogenicity and overcome tolerance to “self” antigens. We have previously shown that DNA vaccines encoding native prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) were able to elicit PAP-specific T cells in both rats and humans, but required multiple immunization courses. In this study, we investigated in a preclinical model whether immunizations with a DNA vaccine encoding a xenoantigen could elicit a cross-reactive immune response to the native protein, potentially requiring fewer immunizations. Lewis rats were immunized with a DNA vaccine encoding human PAP and splenocytes from immunized rats were screened with a human peptide library containing overlapping, 15-mer PAP-derived peptides using T-cell proliferation and interferon γ (IFNγ) release as measures of the immune response. One dominant PAP-specific, RT1.Al-restricted, epitope was identified. Direct immunization with the immunodominant peptide (HP201–215) containing this epitope demonstrated that it included a naturally presented MHC Class I epitope recognized by CD8+ T cells in Lewis rats. However, no cross-reactive immune response was elicited to the corresponding rat peptide despite a difference of only three amino acids. Immunization with DNA vaccines encoding rat PAP (rPAP) in which this foreign dominant epitope was included as well as with DNA vaccines coding for a variant of the xenoantigen from which this epitope was deleted, did not elicit responses to the native antigen. Overall, these results indicate that the immunization with a xenoantigen-coding DNA vaccine can lead to an immune response which potentially favors foreign epitopes and hence limits any cross-reactive response to the native antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Johnson
- Department of Medicine; University of Wisconsin; Madison, WI USA
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11
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Han Y, Quan K, Chen J, Qiu H. Advances and prospects on acid phosphatase biosensor. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 170:112671. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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12
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Husi H, Fernandes M, Skipworth RJ, Miller J, Cronshaw AD, Fearon KCH, Ross JA. Identification of diagnostic upper gastrointestinal cancer tissue type-specific urinary biomarkers. Biomed Rep 2019; 10:165-174. [PMID: 30906545 PMCID: PMC6423495 DOI: 10.3892/br.2019.1190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Several potential urinary biomarkers exhibiting an association with upper gastrointestinal tumour growth have been previously identified, of which S100A6, S100A9, rabenosyn-5 and programmed cell death 6-interacting protein (PDCD6IP) were further validated and found to be upregulated in malignant tumours. The cancer cohort from our previous study was subclassified to assess whether distinct molecular markers can be identified for each individual cancer type using a similar approach. Urine samples from patients with cancers of the stomach, oesophagus, oesophagogastric junction or pancreas were analysed by surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry using both CM10 and IMAC30 (Cu2+-complexed) chip types and LC-MS/MS-based mass spectrometry after chromatographic enrichment. This was followed by protein identification, pattern matching and validation by western blotting. We found 8 m/z peaks with statistical significance for the four cancer types investigated, of which m/z 2447 and 2577 were identified by pattern matching as fragments of cathepsin-B (CTSB) and cystatin-B (CSTB); both molecules are indicative of pancreatic cancer. Additionally, we observed a potential association of upregulated α-1-antichymotrypsin with pancreatic and gastric cancers, of PDCD6IP, vitelline membrane outer layer protein 1 homolog (VMO1) and triosephosphate isomerase (TPI1) with oesophagogastric junctional cancers, and of complement C4-A, prostatic acid phosphatase, azurocidin and histone-H1 with oesophageal cancer. Furthermore, the potential pancreatic cancer biomarkers CSTB and CTSB were validated independently by western blotting. Therefore, the present study identified two new potential urinary biomarkers that appear to be associated with pancreatic cancer. This may provide a simple, non-invasive screening test for use in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Husi
- Department of Diabetes and Cardiovascular Science, University of the Highlands and Islands, Inverness IV2 3JH, UK.,BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK.,School of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Marco Fernandes
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Richard J Skipworth
- School of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Janice Miller
- School of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Andrew D Cronshaw
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Kenneth C H Fearon
- School of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
| | - James A Ross
- School of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
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13
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Pan C, Chen Y, Xu T, Wang J, Li D, Han X. Chronic exposure to microcystin-leucine-arginine promoted proliferation of prostate epithelial cells resulting in benign prostatic hyperplasia. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 242:1535-1545. [PMID: 30145517 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Microcystin-leucine-arginine (MC-LR), as a most common and deleterious variant among all structural analogues of Microcystins (MCs), can cause male reproductive dysfunction. However, its toxic effects on prostate in adult mice have not been invested in detail. In this study, we observed that MC-LR could enter prostate tissues and induce focal hyperplasia and prostate inflammation. Moreover, increased levels of prostate specific antigen (PSA) and prostate acid phosphatase (PAP) in serum of mice following chronic exposure to MC-LR were detected. We also examined increased expression of forkhead box protein M1 (FOXM1) and PSA in human prostate epithelial cells (RWPE-1) treated with MC-LR at low levels, and FOXM1 could regulate PSA expression. Furthermore, MC-LR also induced expression of CyclinD1 via FOXM1/Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways in RWPE-1 cells, promoting proliferation of prostate epithelial cells, resulting in prostatic hyperplasia in vivo. As a foreign substance, MC-LR also induced immune reaction in RWPE-1 cells mediated by NF-κB pathway, promoting production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Collectively, these findings demonstrated that MC-LR may induce prostatic hyperplasia and prostatitis in mice following chronic low-dose exposure to MC-LR. This work may provide new perspectives in developing new diagnosis and treatment strategies for MC-LR-induced prostatic toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Pan
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yabing Chen
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Tianchi Xu
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Dongmei Li
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xiaodong Han
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
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14
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Bueno PR, Bedatty Fernandes FC, Davis JJ. Quantum capacitance as a reagentless molecular sensing element. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:15362-15370. [PMID: 28972213 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr06160a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The application of nanoscale capacitance as a transduction of molecular recognition relevant to molecular diagnostics is demonstrated. The energy-related signal relates directly to the electron occupation of quantized states present in readily fabricated molecular junctions such as those presented by redox switchable self-assembled molecular monolayers, reduced graphene oxide or redox-active graphene composite films, assembled on standard metallic or micro-fabricated electrodes. Sensor design is thus based on the response of a confined and resolved electronic density of states to target binding and the associated change in interfacial chemical potential. Demonstrated herein with a number of clinically important markers, this represents a new potent and ultrasensitive molecular detection enabling energy transducer principle capable of quantifying, in a single step and reagentless manner, markers within biological fluid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo R Bueno
- Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
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15
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Meeusen B, Janssens V. Tumor suppressive protein phosphatases in human cancer: Emerging targets for therapeutic intervention and tumor stratification. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2017; 96:98-134. [PMID: 29031806 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant protein phosphorylation is one of the hallmarks of cancer cells, and in many cases a prerequisite to sustain tumor development and progression. Like protein kinases, protein phosphatases are key regulators of cell signaling. However, their contribution to aberrant signaling in cancer cells is overall less well appreciated, and therefore, their clinical potential remains largely unexploited. In this review, we provide an overview of tumor suppressive protein phosphatases in human cancer. Along their mechanisms of inactivation in defined cancer contexts, we give an overview of their functional roles in diverse signaling pathways that contribute to their tumor suppressive abilities. Finally, we discuss their emerging roles as predictive or prognostic markers, their potential as synthetic lethality targets, and the current feasibility of their reactivation with pharmacologic compounds as promising new cancer therapies. We conclude that their inclusion in clinical practice has obvious potential to significantly improve therapeutic outcome in various ways, and should now definitely be pushed forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bob Meeusen
- Laboratory of Protein Phosphorylation & Proteomics, Dept. of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven & Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Veerle Janssens
- Laboratory of Protein Phosphorylation & Proteomics, Dept. of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven & Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, Belgium.
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16
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Shahbaaz M, Amir M, Rahman S, Mustafa Hasan G, Dohare R, Bisetty K, Ahmad F, Kim J, Hassan MI. Structural insights into Rab21 GTPase activation mechanism by molecular dynamics simulations. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2017.1357813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohd. Shahbaaz
- Department of Chemistry, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
| | - Mohd. Amir
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Safikur Rahman
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Gulam Mustafa Hasan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ravins Dohare
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Krishna Bisetty
- Department of Chemistry, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
| | - Faizan Ahmad
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Jihoe Kim
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Md. Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
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17
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Khan FI, Bisetty K, Singh S, Permaul K, Hassan MI. Chitinase from Thermomyces lanuginosus SSBP and its biotechnological applications. Extremophiles 2016; 19:1055-66. [PMID: 26462798 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-015-0792-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Chitinases are ubiquitous class of extracellular enzymes, which have gained attention in the past few years due to their wide biotechnological applications. The effectiveness of conventional insecticides is increasingly compromised by the occurrence of resistance; thus, chitinase offers a potential alternative to the use of chemical fungicides. The thermostable enzymes from thermophilic microorganisms have numerous industrial, medical, environmental and biotechnological applications due to their high stability for temperature and pH. Thermomyces lanuginosus produced a large number of chitinases, of which chitinase I and II are successfully cloned and purified recently. Molecular dynamic simulations revealed that the stability of these enzymes are maintained even at higher temperature. In this review article we have focused on chitinases from different sources, mainly fungal chitinase of T. lanuginosus and its industrial application.
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18
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Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV: A multifunctional enzyme and potential therapeutic target. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 121:54-65. [PMID: 26773169 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2015.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV (CAMKIV) belongs to the serine/threonine protein kinase family, and is primarily involved in transcriptional regulation in lymphocytes, neurons and male germ cells. CAMKIV operates the signaling cascade and regulates activity of several transcription activators by phosphorylation, which in turn plays pivotal roles in immune response, inflammation and memory consolidation. In this review, we tried to focus on different aspects of CAMKIV to understand the significance of this protein in the biological system. This enzyme is associated with varieties of disorders such as cerebral hypoxia, azoospermia, endometrial and ovarian cancer, systemic lupus, etc., and hence it is considered as a potential therapeutic target. Structure of CAMKIV is comprised of five distinct domains in which kinase domain is responsible for enzyme activity. CAMKIV is involved in varieties of cellular functions such as regulation of gene expression, T-cell maturation, regulation of survival phase of dendritic cells, bone growth and metabolism, memory consolidation, sperm motility, regulation of microtubule dynamics, cell-cycle progression and apoptosis. In this review, we performed an extensive analysis on structure, function and regulation of CAMKIV and associated diseases.
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19
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Alonso A, Pulido R. The extended human PTPome: a growing tyrosine phosphatase family. FEBS J 2015; 283:1404-29. [PMID: 26573778 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tyr phosphatases are, by definition, enzymes that dephosphorylate phospho-Tyr (pTyr) from proteins. This activity is found in several structurally diverse protein families, including the protein Tyr phosphatase (PTP), arsenate reductase, rhodanese, haloacid dehalogenase (HAD) and His phosphatase (HP) families. Most of these families include members with substrate specificity for non-pTyr substrates, such as phospho-Ser/phospho-Thr, phosphoinositides, phosphorylated carbohydrates, mRNAs, or inorganic moieties. A Cys is essential for catalysis in PTPs, rhodanese and arsenate reductase enzymes, whereas this work is performed by an Asp in HAD phosphatases and by a His in HPs, via a catalytic mechanism shared by all of the different families. The category that contains most Tyr phosphatases is the PTP family, which, although it received its name from this activity, includes Ser, Thr, inositide, carbohydrate and RNA phosphatases, as well as some inactive pseudophosphatase proteins. Here, we propose an extended collection of human Tyr phosphatases, which we call the extended human PTPome. The addition of new members (SACs, paladin, INPP4s, TMEM55s, SSU72, and acid phosphatases) to the currently categorized PTP group of enzymes means that the extended human PTPome contains up to 125 proteins, of which ~ 40 are selective for pTyr. We set criteria to ascribe proteins to the extended PTPome, and summarize the more important features of the new PTPome members in the context of their phosphatase activity and their relationship with human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Alonso
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), CSIC-Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Rafael Pulido
- Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain.,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
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20
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Khan S, Shahbaaz M, Bisetty K, Ahmad F, Hassan MI. Classification and Functional Analyses of Putative Conserved Proteins from Chlamydophila pneumoniae CWL029. Interdiscip Sci 2015; 9:96-106. [PMID: 26649559 DOI: 10.1007/s12539-015-0134-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Chlamydophila pneumoniae, a Gram-negative bacterium belongs to the family Chlamydiaceae, is known to cause community-acquired pneumonia and bronchitis. There is a need for genomic analyses of C. pneumoniae as its chronic infections result in reactive airway disease, lung cancer and asthma. Recent advancement in the sequencing techniques led to the generation of large genomic data. In order to utilize these data, sequence-based function predictions were used for annotating the uncharacterized genes. The genome of C. pneumoniae encodes 1052 proteins, which include a group of 366 functionally uncharacterized proteins, known as "hypothetical proteins" (HPs). Functions of these HPs were predicted by utilizing an integrated approach that combines varieties of bioinformatics tools. The functions of 142 proteins were successfully predicted and categorized into different classes of enzymes, transport proteins, binding proteins and virulence factors. Among these functionally annotated HPs, we were able to identify 12 virulent HPs. Furthermore, the HP with the highest virulence score was subjected to molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to better understand their dynamical behavior in explicit water conditions. These analyses could be utilized for an in-depth understanding of virulence mechanism. The functional knowledge of these proteins could be useful in drug design and discovery process of infections caused by C. pneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shama Khan
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Mohd Shahbaaz
- Department of Chemistry, Durban University of Technology, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Krishna Bisetty
- Department of Chemistry, Durban University of Technology, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Faizan Ahmad
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Md Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi, 110025, India.
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21
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Kong HY, Byun J. Screening and characterization of a novel RNA aptamer that specifically binds to human prostatic acid phosphatase and human prostate cancer cells. Mol Cells 2015; 38:171-9. [PMID: 25591398 PMCID: PMC4332034 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2015.2272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2014] [Revised: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) expression increases proportionally with prostate cancer progression, making it useful in prognosticating intermediate to high-risk prostate cancers. A novel ligand that can specifically bind to PAP would be very helpful for guiding prostate cancer therapy. RNA aptamers bind to target molecules with high specificity and have key advantages such as low immunogenicity and easy synthesis. Here, human PAP-specific aptamers were screened from a 2'-fluoropyrimidine (FY)-modified RNA library by SELEX. The candidate aptamer families were identified within six rounds followed by analysis of their sequences and PAP-specific binding. A gel shift assay was used to identify PAP binding aptamers and the 6N aptamer specifically bound to PAP with a Kd value of 118 nM. RT-PCR and fluorescence labeling analyses revealed that the 6N aptamer bound to PAP-positive mammalian cells, such as PC-3 and LNCaP. IMR-90 negative control cells did not bind the 6N aptamer. Systematic minimization analyses revealed that 50 nucleotide sequences and their two hairpin structures in the 6N 2'-FY RNA aptamer were equally important for PAP binding. Renewed interest in PAP combined with the versatility of RNA aptamers, including conjugation of anti-cancer drugs and nano-imaging probes, could open up a new route for early theragnosis of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoon Young Kong
- Department of Molecular Biology, Dankook University, Yongin 448-701, Korea
- Institute of Nanosensor and Biotechnology, Dankook University, Yongin 448-701, Korea
| | - Jonghoe Byun
- Department of Molecular Biology, Dankook University, Yongin 448-701, Korea
- Institute of Nanosensor and Biotechnology, Dankook University, Yongin 448-701, Korea
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22
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Bae H, Lim W, Bae SM, Bazer FW, Choi Y, Song G. Avian Prostatic Acid Phosphatase: Estrogen Regulation in the Oviduct and Epithelial Cell-Derived Ovarian Carcinomas1. Biol Reprod 2014; 91:3. [DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.114.118893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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23
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Kong HY, Byun J. Emerging roles of human prostatic Acid phosphatase. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2014; 21:10-20. [PMID: 24009853 PMCID: PMC3762301 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2012.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Revised: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is one of the most prevalent non-skin related cancers. It is the second leading cause of cancer deaths among males in most Western countries. If prostate cancer is diagnosed in its early stages, there is a higher probability that it will be completely cured. Prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) is a non-specific phosphomonoesterase synthesized in prostate epithelial cells and its level proportionally increases with prostate cancer progression. PAP was the biochemical diagnostic mainstay for prostate cancer until the introduction of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) which improved the detection of early-stage prostate cancer and largely displaced PAP. Recently, however, there is a renewed interest in PAP because of its usefulness in prognosticating intermediate to high-risk prostate cancers and its success in the immunotherapy of prostate cancer. Although PAP is believed to be a key regulator of prostate cell growth, its exact role in normal prostate as well as detailed molecular mechanism of PAP regulation is still unclear. Here, many different aspects of PAP in prostate cancer are revisited and its emerging roles in other environment are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoon Young Kong
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Nanosensor and Biotechnology, Dankook University, Yongin 448-701, Republic of Korea
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24
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Kovak MR, Saraswati S, Schoen DJ, Diekman AB. Investigation of galectin-3 function in the reproductive tract by identification of binding ligands in human seminal plasma. Am J Reprod Immunol 2014; 72:403-12. [PMID: 24863808 DOI: 10.1111/aji.12273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Galectin-3 is a β-galactoside binding protein with immunomodulatory properties and exerts its extracellular functions via interactions with glycoconjugate ligands. Therefore, to elucidate the function of galectin-3, binding ligands in human seminal plasma were investigated. METHOD OF STUDY Galectin-3 binding proteins were isolated from seminal plasma by affinity chromatography, and candidate ligands were identified by MS/MS. Biochemical methods were used to characterize the ability of galectin-3 to bind its ligands. RESULTS Identified galectin-3 ligands included CD13, MUC6, PAP, PSA, and ZAG. 1D and 2D electrophoretic analysis of seminal plasma demonstrated that CD13, PAP, PSA, and ZAG immunoreactivity co-migrated with galectin-3-reactive protein bands and spots at expected molecular weights and pIs. Inhibition assays indicated that CD13, PSA, PAP, and ZAG interact with galectin-3 in a protein-carbohydrate manner. CONCLUSION The galectin-3 binding ligands identified in this study indicate multiple roles for galectin-3 in the reproductive and immunological functions of seminal plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Kovak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
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25
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Westdorp H, Sköld AE, Snijer BA, Franik S, Mulder SF, Major PP, Foley R, Gerritsen WR, de Vries IJM. Immunotherapy for prostate cancer: lessons from responses to tumor-associated antigens. Front Immunol 2014; 5:191. [PMID: 24834066 PMCID: PMC4018526 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common cancer in men and the second most common cause of cancer-related death in men. In recent years, novel therapeutic options for PCa have been developed and studied extensively in clinical trials. Sipuleucel-T is the first cell-based immunotherapeutic vaccine for treatment of cancer. This vaccine consists of autologous mononuclear cells stimulated and loaded with an immunostimulatory fusion protein containing the prostate tumor antigen prostate acid posphatase. The choice of antigen might be key for the efficiency of cell-based immunotherapy. Depending on the treatment strategy, target antigens should be immunogenic, abundantly expressed by tumor cells, and preferably functionally important for the tumor to prevent loss of antigen expression. Autoimmune responses have been reported against several antigens expressed in the prostate, indicating that PCa is a suitable target for immunotherapy. In this review, we will discuss PCa antigens that exhibit immunogenic features and/or have been targeted in immunotherapeutic settings with promising results, and we highlight the hurdles and opportunities for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harm Westdorp
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , Netherlands ; Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , Netherlands
| | - Annette E Sköld
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , Netherlands
| | - Berit A Snijer
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , Netherlands
| | - Sebastian Franik
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , Netherlands
| | - Sasja F Mulder
- Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , Netherlands
| | - Pierre P Major
- Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre , Hamilton, ON , Canada
| | - Ronan Foley
- Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre , Hamilton, ON , Canada
| | - Winald R Gerritsen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , Netherlands
| | - I Jolanda M de Vries
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , Netherlands ; Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , Netherlands
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26
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Filippov A, Khakimov A, Afonin S, Antzutkin ON. Interaction of prostatic acid phosphatase fragments with a lipid bilayer as studied by NMR spectroscopy. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2013.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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27
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Kovak MR, Saraswati S, Goddard SD, Diekman AB. Proteomic identification of galectin-3 binding ligands and characterization of galectin-3 proteolytic cleavage in human prostasomes. Andrology 2013; 1:682-91. [PMID: 23836758 DOI: 10.1111/j.2047-2927.2013.00099.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Revised: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Galectin-3 is a multifunctional carbohydrate-binding protein that was previously characterized as a proteolytic substrate for prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and was shown to be associated with prostasomes in human semen. Prostasomes are exosome-like vesicles that are secreted by the prostatic epithelium and have multiple proposed functions in normal reproduction and prostate cancer. In the current study, galectin-3 binding ligands in human prostasomes were identified and characterized with the goal to investigate galectin-3 function in prostasomes. Galectin-3 binding proteins were isolated by affinity column chromatography. Candidate ligands identified by MS/MS were PSA, prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP), zinc alpha-2-glycoprotein (ZAG), dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (CD26), aminopeptidase N (CD13), neprilysin, clusterin, antibacterial protein (FALL-39) and alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (ORM1). Biochemical methods were used to characterize the ability of galectin-3 to bind to selected ligands, and galectin-3 cleavage assays were utilized to investigate the protease(s) in prostasomes that cleaves galectin-3. CD26, CD13, PSA, PAP and ZAG immunoreactivity were detected in extracts of purified prostasomes. One-dimensional electroblot analysis of prostasomes demonstrated that CD26, PAP and CD13 immunoreactivity co-migrated with galectin-3-reactive protein bands. PSA and ZAG were found to be associated with the surface of prostasomes. Both intact and cleaved galectin-3 were detected in prostate and prostasome extracts. Cleavage and inhibition assays indicated that PSA in prostasomes proteolytically cleaves galectin-3. The identification of these glycoproteins as galectin-3 ligands lays the groundwork for future studies of galectin-3 and prostasome function in reproduction and prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Kovak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
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28
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Muniyan S, Chaturvedi NK, Dwyer JG, LaGrange CA, Chaney WG, Lin MF. Human prostatic acid phosphatase: structure, function and regulation. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:10438-64. [PMID: 23698773 PMCID: PMC3676848 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140510438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Revised: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human prostatic acid phosphatase (PAcP) is a 100 kDa glycoprotein composed of two subunits. Recent advances demonstrate that cellular PAcP (cPAcP) functions as a protein tyrosine phosphatase by dephosphorylating ErbB-2/Neu/HER-2 at the phosphotyrosine residues in prostate cancer (PCa) cells, which results in reduced tumorigenicity. Further, the interaction of cPAcP and ErbB-2 regulates androgen sensitivity of PCa cells. Knockdown of cPAcP expression allows androgen-sensitive PCa cells to develop the castration-resistant phenotype, where cells proliferate under an androgen-reduced condition. Thus, cPAcP has a significant influence on PCa cell growth. Interestingly, promoter analysis suggests that PAcP expression can be regulated by NF-κB, via a novel binding sequence in an androgen-independent manner. Further understanding of PAcP function and regulation of expression will have a significant impact on understanding PCa progression and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakthivel Muniyan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; E-Mails: (S.M.); (N.K.C.); (W.G.C.)
| | - Nagendra K. Chaturvedi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; E-Mails: (S.M.); (N.K.C.); (W.G.C.)
| | - Jennifer G. Dwyer
- College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Chad A. LaGrange
- Department of Surgery/Urology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; E-Mail:
| | - William G. Chaney
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; E-Mails: (S.M.); (N.K.C.); (W.G.C.)
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Ming-Fong Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; E-Mails: (S.M.); (N.K.C.); (W.G.C.)
- Department of Surgery/Urology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; E-Mail:
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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Spatial structure of heptapeptide Glu-Ile-Leu-Asn-His-Met-Lys, a fragment of the HIV enhancer prostatic acid phosphatase, in aqueous and SDS micelle solutions. J Mol Struct 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2012.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Human Prostatic Acid Phosphatase in Prostate Carcinogenesis. Prostate Cancer 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-6828-8_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Cotella D, Hernandez-Enriquez B, Duan Z, Wu X, Gazula VR, Brown MR, Kaczmarek LK, Sesti F. An evolutionarily conserved mode of modulation of Shaw-like K⁺ channels. FASEB J 2012; 27:1381-93. [PMID: 23233530 DOI: 10.1096/fj.12-222778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Voltage-gated K(+) channels of the Shaw family (also known as the KCNC or Kv3 family) play pivotal roles in mammalian brains, and genetic or pharmacological disruption of their activities in mice results in a spectrum of behavioral defects. We have used the model system of Caenorhabditis elegans to elucidate conserved molecular mechanisms that regulate these channels. We have now found that the C. elegans Shaw channel KHT-1, and its mammalian homologue, murine Kv3.1b, are both modulated by acid phosphatases. Thus, the C. elegans phosphatase ACP-2 is stably associated with KHT-1, while its mammalian homolog, prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP; also known as ACPP-201) stably associates with murine Kv3.1b K(+) channels in vitro and in vivo. In biochemical experiments both phosphatases were able to reverse phosphorylation of their associated channel. The effect of phosphorylation on both channels is to produce a decrease in current amplitude and electrophysiological analyses demonstrated that dephosphorylation reversed the effects of phosphorylation on the magnitude of the macroscopic currents. ACP-2 and KHT-1 were colocalized in the nervous system of C. elegans and, in the mouse nervous system, PAP and Kv3.1b were colocalized in subsets of neurons, including in the brain stem and the ventricular zone. Taken together, this body of evidence suggests that acid phosphatases are general regulatory partners of Shaw-like K(+) channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Cotella
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
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McNeel DG, Becker JT, Johnson LE, Olson BM. DNA Vaccines for Prostate Cancer. CURRENT CANCER THERAPY REVIEWS 2012; 8:254-263. [PMID: 24587772 DOI: 10.2174/157339412804143113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Delivery of plasmid DNA encoding an antigen of interest has been demonstrated to be an effective means of immunization, capable of eliciting antigen-specific T cells. Plasmid DNA vaccines offer advantages over other anti-tumor vaccine approaches in terms of simplicity, manufacturing, and possibly safety. The primary disadvantage is their poor transfection efficiency and subsequent lower immunogenicity relative to other genetic vaccine approaches. However, multiple preclinical models demonstrate anti-tumor efficacy, and many efforts are underway to improve the immunogenicity and anti-tumor effect of these vaccines. Clinical trials using DNA vaccines as treatments for prostate cancer have begun, and to date have demonstrated safety and immunological effect. This review will focus on DNA vaccines as a specific means of antigen delivery, advantages and disadvantages of this type of immunization, previous experience in preclinical models and human trials specifically conducted for the treatment of prostate cancer, and future directions for the application of DNA vaccines to prostate cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas G McNeel
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Jordan T Becker
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Laura E Johnson
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Brian M Olson
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA
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Anand A, Srivastava PK. A molecular description of acid phosphatase. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2012; 167:2174-97. [PMID: 22684363 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-012-9694-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2011] [Accepted: 04/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Acid phosphatase is ubiquitous in distribution in various organisms. Although it catalyzes simple hydrolytic reactions, it is considered as an interesting enzyme in biological systems due to its involvement in different physiological activities. However, earlier reviews on acid phosphatase reveal some fragmentary information and do not give a holistic view on this enzyme. So, the present review summarizes studies on biochemical properties, structure, catalytic mechanism, and applications of acid phosphatase. Recent advancement of acid phosphatase in agricultural and clinical fields is emphasized where it is presented as potent agent for sustainable agricultural practices and diagnostic marker in bone metabolic disorders. Also, its significance in prostate cancer therapies as a therapeutic target has been discussed. At the end, current studies and prospects of immobilized acid phosphatase are included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asha Anand
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
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Hurt JK, Fitzpatrick BJ, Norris-Drouin J, Zylka MJ. Secretion and N-linked glycosylation are required for prostatic acid phosphatase catalytic and antinociceptive activity. PLoS One 2012; 7:e32741. [PMID: 22389722 PMCID: PMC3289678 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0032741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2011] [Accepted: 01/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Secretory human prostatic acid phosphatase (hPAP) is glycosylated at three asparagine residues (N62, N188, N301) and has potent antinociceptive effects when administered to mice. Currently, it is unknown if these N-linked residues are required for hPAP protein stability and activity in vitro or in animal models of chronic pain. Here, we expressed wild-type hPAP and a series of Asn to Gln point mutations in the yeast Pichia pastoris X33 then analyzed protein levels and enzyme activity in cell lysates and in conditioned media. Pichia secreted wild-type recombinant (r)-hPAP into the media (6-7 mg protein/L). This protein was as active as native hPAP in biochemical assays and in mouse models of inflammatory pain and neuropathic pain. In contrast, the N62Q and N188Q single mutants and the N62Q, N188Q double mutant were expressed at lower levels and were less active than wild-type r-hPAP. The purified N62Q, N188Q double mutant protein was also 1.9 fold less active in vivo. The N301Q mutant was not expressed, suggesting a critical role for this residue in protein stability. To explicitly test the importance of secretion, a construct lacking the signal peptide of hPAP was expressed in Pichia and assayed. This "cellular" construct was not expressed at levels detectable by western blotting. Taken together, these data indicate that secretion and post-translational carbohydrate modifications are required for PAP protein stability and catalytic activity. Moreover, our findings indicate that recombinant hPAP can be produced in Pichia--a yeast strain that is used to generate biologics for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie K. Hurt
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Brendan J. Fitzpatrick
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jacqueline Norris-Drouin
- Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Mark J. Zylka
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Davalieva K, Kiprijanovska S, Noveski P, Plaseski T, Kocevska B, Broussard C, Plaseska-Karanfilska D. Proteomic analysis of seminal plasma in men with different spermatogenic impairment. Andrologia 2012; 44:256-64. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0272.2012.01275.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- K. Davalieva
- Research Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology; Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts; Skopje; Republic of Macedonia
| | - S. Kiprijanovska
- Research Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology; Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts; Skopje; Republic of Macedonia
| | - P. Noveski
- Research Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology; Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts; Skopje; Republic of Macedonia
| | - T. Plaseski
- Faculty of Medicine; Endocrinology and Metabolic Disorders Clinic; Skopje; Republic of Macedonia
| | - B. Kocevska
- Faculty of Medicine; Endocrinology and Metabolic Disorders Clinic; Skopje; Republic of Macedonia
| | - C. Broussard
- Plate-forme Proteomique Paris 5 (3P5); Institut Cochin; Inserm U1016 UMR8104 and Université Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris; France
| | - D. Plaseska-Karanfilska
- Research Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology; Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts; Skopje; Republic of Macedonia
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Kirschenbaum A, Liu XH, Yao S, Leiter A, Levine AC. Prostatic acid phosphatase is expressed in human prostate cancer bone metastases and promotes osteoblast differentiation. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2012; 1237:64-70. [PMID: 22082367 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2011.06198.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) bone metastases are a major cause of morbidity and mortality. There are no effective therapies for PCa bone metastases that prolong survival. Prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) is a secretory protein expressed by PCa cells. We demonstrate that PAP is strongly expressed in PCa bone metastases in 7/7 patients, while prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is only weakly expressed. The human PCa cell line VCaP secretes PAP and induces an osteoblastic reaction in bone similar to that seen in human PCa bone metastases. Coculture of MC3T3 mouse preosteoblast cells with VCaP cells induces MC3T3 cell growth and differentiation as measured by alkaline phosphatase secretion, and this effect is inhibited by addition of the PAP-inhibitor, l-tartrate. Taken together, these data indicate that PAP is expressed in PCa bone metastases and may play a causal role in the osteoblastic phase of the disease.
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37
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Current world literature. Curr Opin Urol 2011; 22:78-82. [PMID: 22143440 DOI: 10.1097/mou.0b013e32834ec873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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