1
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Fu H, Yu B. 3D micro/nano hydrogel structures fabricated by two-photon polymerization for biomedical applications. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1339450. [PMID: 38433823 PMCID: PMC10904474 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1339450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels are three-dimensional natural or synthetic cross-linked networks composed of polymer chains formed by hydrophilic monomers. Due to the ability to simulate many properties of natural extracellular matrix, hydrogels have been widely used in the biomedical field. Hydrogels can be obtained through a variety of polymerization strategies such as heating and redox. However, photochemistry is one of the most interesting methods for researchers in this field. Gelatin-methacryloyl (GelMA) inherits the biological activity of gelatin and has become one of the gold standards in the field of biomaterials. GelMA, as a photopolymerizable hydrogel precursor, can be used to fabricate 3D porous structures for biomedical applications through two-photon polymerization. We report a new formulation of GelMA-based photoresist and used it to manufacture a series of two-photon polymerization structures, with a maximum resolution less than 120 nm. The influence of process parameters on 3D structures manufacturing is studied by adjusting the scanning speed, laser power, and layer spacing values in two-photon polymerization processing. In vitro biological tests show that the 3D hydrogel produced by two-photon polymerization in this paper is biocompatible and suitable for MC3T3-E1 cell.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Baojun Yu
- Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano and Ultra-precision Manufacturing, School of Mechatronic Engineering, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, Jilin, China
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2
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Tavakkoli Fard S, Thongrom B, Achazi K, Ma G, Haag R, Tzschucke CC. Photo-responsive hydrogels based on a ruthenium complex: synthesis and degradation. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:1301-1308. [PMID: 38240363 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm01232h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of a photo responsive metallo-hydrogel based on a ruthenium(II) complex as a functional cross-linker. This metal complex contains reactive 4AAMP (= 4-(acrylamidomethyl)pyridine) ligands, which can be cleaved by light-induced ligand substitution. Ru[(bpy)2(4AAMP)2] cross-links 4-arm-PEG-SH macromonomers by thia-Michael-addition to the photocleavable 4AAMP ligand for the preparation of the hydrogel. Irradiation with green light at 529 nm leads to photodegradation of the metallo-hydrogel due to the ligand dissociation, which can be adjusted by adjusting the Ru[(bpy)2(4AAMP)2] concentration. The ligand substitution forming [Ru(bpy)2(L)2]2+ (L = H2O and CH3CN) can be monitored by 1H NMR spectroscopy and UV-visible absorption. The control of degradation by light irradiation plays a significant role in modulating the elasticity and stiffness of the light sensitive metallo-hydrogel network. The photo-responsive hydrogel is a viable substrate for cell cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Tavakkoli Fard
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Boonya Thongrom
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Katharina Achazi
- Research Building SupraFAB, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Guoxin Ma
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Rainer Haag
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - C Christoph Tzschucke
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
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3
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Donnaloja F, Raimondi MT, Messa L, Barzaghini B, Carnevali F, Colombo E, Mazza D, Martinelli C, Boeri L, Rey F, Cereda C, Osellame R, Cerullo G, Carelli S, Soncini M, Jacchetti E. 3D photopolymerized microstructured scaffolds influence nuclear deformation, nucleo/cytoskeletal protein organization, and gene regulation in mesenchymal stem cells. APL Bioeng 2023; 7:036112. [PMID: 37692376 PMCID: PMC10491463 DOI: 10.1063/5.0153215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanical stimuli from the extracellular environment affect cell morphology and functionality. Recently, we reported that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) grown in a custom-made 3D microscaffold, the Nichoid, are able to express higher levels of stemness markers. In fact, the Nichoid is an interesting device for autologous MSC expansion in clinical translation and would appear to regulate gene activity by altering intracellular force transmission. To corroborate this hypothesis, we investigated mechanotransduction-related nuclear mechanisms, and we also treated spread cells with a drug that destroys the actin cytoskeleton. We observed a roundish nuclear shape in MSCs cultured in the Nichoid and correlated the nuclear curvature with the import of transcription factors. We observed a more homogeneous euchromatin distribution in cells cultured in the Nichoid with respect to the Flat sample, corresponding to a standard glass coverslip. These results suggest a different gene regulation, which we confirmed by an RNA-seq analysis that revealed the dysregulation of 1843 genes. We also observed a low structured lamina mesh, which, according to the implemented molecular dynamic simulations, indicates reduced damping activity, thus supporting the hypothesis of low intracellular force transmission. Also, our investigations regarding lamin expression and spatial organization support the hypothesis that the gene dysregulation induced by the Nichoid is mainly related to a reduction in force transmission. In conclusion, our findings revealing the Nichoid's effects on MSC behavior is a step forward in the control of stem cells via mechanical manipulation, thus paving the way to new strategies for MSC translation to clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Donnaloja
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta,” Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Manuela Teresa Raimondi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta,” Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Bianca Barzaghini
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta,” Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Carnevali
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta,” Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Davide Mazza
- Istituto Scientifico Ospedale San Raffaele, Centro di Imaging Sperimentale, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Martinelli
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta,” Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Lucia Boeri
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta,” Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Rey
- Pediatric Research Center “Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi,” Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Cereda
- Center of Functional Genomic and Rare Diseases, “V. Buzzi” Children's Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Osellame
- Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies—CNR, and Physics Department, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulio Cerullo
- Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies—CNR, and Physics Department, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Monica Soncini
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuela Jacchetti
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta,” Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
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van Altena PFJ, Accardo A. Micro 3D Printing Elastomeric IP-PDMS Using Two-Photon Polymerisation: A Comparative Analysis of Mechanical and Feature Resolution Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15081816. [PMID: 37111964 PMCID: PMC10144803 DOI: 10.3390/polym15081816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanical properties of two-photon-polymerised (2PP) polymers are highly dependent on the employed printing parameters. In particular, the mechanical features of elastomeric polymers, such as IP-PDMS, are important for cell culture studies as they can influence cell mechanobiological responses. Herein, we employed optical-interferometer-based nanoindentation to characterise two-photon-polymerised structures manufactured with varying laser powers, scan speeds, slicing distances, and hatching distances. The minimum reported effective Young's modulus (YM) was 350 kPa, while the maximum one was 17.8 MPa. In addition, we showed that, on average, immersion in water lowered the YM by 5.4%, a very important point as in the context of cell biology applications, the material must be employed within an aqueous environment. We also developed a printing strategy and performed a scanning electron microscopy morphological characterisation to find the smallest achievable feature size and the maximum length of a double-clamped freestanding beam. The maximum reported length of a printed beam was 70 µm with a minimum width of 1.46 ± 0.11 µm and a thickness of 4.49 ± 0.05 µm. The minimum beam width of 1.03 ± 0.02 µm was achieved for a beam length of 50 µm with a height of 3.00 ± 0.06 µm. In conclusion, the reported investigation of micron-scale two-photon-polymerized 3D IP-PDMS structures featuring tuneable mechanical properties paves the way for the use of this material in several cell biology applications, ranging from fundamental mechanobiology to in vitro disease modelling to tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter F J van Altena
- Department of Precision and Microsystems Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering (3mE), Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Angelo Accardo
- Department of Precision and Microsystems Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering (3mE), Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
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Rizzo R, Petelinšek N, Bonato A, Zenobi‐Wong M. From Free-Radical to Radical-Free: A Paradigm Shift in Light-Mediated Biofabrication. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2205302. [PMID: 36698304 PMCID: PMC10015869 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202205302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the development of novel photocrosslinking strategies and photoactivatable materials has stimulated widespread use of light-mediated biofabrication techniques. However, despite great progress toward more efficient and biocompatible photochemical strategies, current photoresins still rely on photoinitiators (PIs) producing radical-initiating species to trigger the so-called free-radical crosslinking/polymerization. In the context of bioprinting, where cells are encapsulated in the bioink, the presence of radicals raises concerns of potential cytotoxicity. In this work, a universal, radical-free (RF) photocrosslinking strategy to be used for light-based technologies is presented. Leveraging RF uncaging mechanisms and Michael addition, cell-laden constructs are photocrosslinked by means of one- and two-photon excitation with high biocompatibility. A hydrophilic coumarin-based group is used to cage a universal RF photocrosslinker based on 4-arm-PEG-thiol (PEG4SH). Upon light exposure, thiols are uncaged and react with an alkene counterpart to form a hydrogel. RF photocrosslinker is shown to be highly stable, enabling potential for off-the-shelf products. While PI-based systems cause a strong upregulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-associated genes, ROS are not detected in RF photoresins. Finally, optimized RF photoresin is successfully exploited for high resolution two-photon stereolithography (2P-SL) using remarkably low polymer concentration (<1.5%), paving the way for a shift toward radical-free light-based bioprinting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Rizzo
- Tissue Engineering + Biofabrication LaboratoryDepartment of Health Sciences & TechnologyETH ZürichOtto‐Stern‐Weg 7Zürich8093Switzerland
| | - Nika Petelinšek
- Tissue Engineering + Biofabrication LaboratoryDepartment of Health Sciences & TechnologyETH ZürichOtto‐Stern‐Weg 7Zürich8093Switzerland
| | - Angela Bonato
- Tissue Engineering + Biofabrication LaboratoryDepartment of Health Sciences & TechnologyETH ZürichOtto‐Stern‐Weg 7Zürich8093Switzerland
| | - Marcy Zenobi‐Wong
- Tissue Engineering + Biofabrication LaboratoryDepartment of Health Sciences & TechnologyETH ZürichOtto‐Stern‐Weg 7Zürich8093Switzerland
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Fu H, Jing X, Lin J, Wang L, Jiang H, Yu B, Sun M. Knowledge domain and hotspots analysis concerning applications of two-photon polymerization in biomedical field: A bibliometric and visualized study. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1030377. [PMID: 36246385 PMCID: PMC9561250 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1030377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Two-photon polymerization (TPP) utilizes an optical nonlinear absorption process to initiate the polymerization of photopolymerizable materials. To date, it is the only technique capable of fabricating complex 3D microstructures with finely adjusted geometry on the cell and sub-cell scales. TPP shows a very promising potential in biomedical applications related to high-resolution features, including drug delivery, tissue engineering, microfluidic devices, and so forth. Therefore, it is of high significance to grasp the global scientific achievements in this field. An analysis of publications concerning the applications of TPP in the biomedical field was performed, and the knowledge domain, research hotspots, frontiers, and research directions in this topic were identified according to the research results. Methods: The publications concerning TPP applications in biomedical field were retrieved from WoSCC between 2003 and 2022, Bibliometrics and visual analysis employing CiteSpace software and R-language package Bibliometrix were performed in this study. Results: A total of 415 publications regarding the TPP applications in the biomedical field were retrieved from WoSCC, including 377 articles, and 38 review articles. The studies pertaining to the biomedical applications of TPP began back in 2003 and showed an upward trend constantly. Especially in the recent 5 years, studies of TPP in biomedical field have increased rapidly, with the number of publications from 2017 to 2021 accounting for 52.29% of the total. In terms of output, China was the leading country and Chinese Acad Sci, Tech Inst Phys and Chem was the leading institution. The United States showed the closest cooperation with other countries. ACS applied materials and interfaces was the most prolific journal (n = 13), followed by Biofabrication (n = 11) and Optics express (n = 10). The journals having the top cited papers were Biomaterials, Advanced materials, and Applied physic letters. The most productive author was Aleksandr Ovsianikov (27 articles). Meanwhile, researchers who had close cooperation with other researchers were also prolific authors. “cell behavior”, " (tissue engineering) scaffolds”, “biomaterials,” and “hydrogel” were the main co-occurrence keywords and “additional manufacturing”, “3D printing,” and “microstructures” were the recent burst keywords. The Keyword clusters, “stem cells,” and “mucosal delivery”, appeared recently. A paper reporting unprecedented high-resolution bull models fabricated by TPP was the most locally cited reference (cited 60 times). “Magnetic actuation” and “additive manufacturing” were recently co-cited reference clusters and an article concerning ultracompact compound lens systems manufactured by TPP was the latest burst reference. Conclusion: The applications of TPP in biomedical field is an interdisciplinary research topic and the development of this field requires the active collaboration of researchers and experts from all relevant disciplines. Bringing up a better utilization of TPP as an additive manufacturing technology to better serve the biomedical development has always been the research focus in this field. Research on stem cells behaviors and mucosal delivery based on microstructures fabricated using TPP were becoming new hotspots. And it can be predicted that using TPP as a sourcing technique to fabricate biomedical-related structures and devices is a new research direction. In addition, the research of functional polymers, such as magnetic-driven polymers, was the frontier topic of TPP biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxun Fu
- Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano and Ultra-precision Manufacturing, School of Mechatronic Engineering, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xian Jing
- Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano and Ultra-precision Manufacturing, School of Mechatronic Engineering, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jieqiong Lin
- Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano and Ultra-precision Manufacturing, School of Mechatronic Engineering, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Liye Wang
- College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Hancheng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano and Ultra-precision Manufacturing, School of Mechatronic Engineering, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Baojun Yu
- Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano and Ultra-precision Manufacturing, School of Mechatronic Engineering, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, Jilin, China
- *Correspondence: Baojun Yu, ; Meiyan Sun,
| | - Meiyan Sun
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Jilin Medical University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- *Correspondence: Baojun Yu, ; Meiyan Sun,
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Jing X, Fu H, Yu B, Sun M, Wang L. Two-photon polymerization for 3D biomedical scaffolds: Overview and updates. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:994355. [PMID: 36072288 PMCID: PMC9441635 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.994355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The needs for high-resolution, well-defined and complex 3D microstructures in diverse fields call for the rapid development of novel 3D microfabrication techniques. Among those, two-photon polymerization (TPP) attracted extensive attention owing to its unique and useful characteristics. As an approach to implementing additive manufacturing, TPP has truly 3D writing ability to fabricate artificially designed constructs with arbitrary geometry. The spatial resolution of the manufactured structures via TPP can exceed the diffraction limit. The 3D structures fabricated by TPP could properly mimic the microenvironment of natural extracellular matrix, providing powerful tools for the study of cell behavior. TPP can meet the requirements of manufacturing technique for 3D scaffolds (engineering cell culture matrices) used in cytobiology, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. In this review, we demonstrated the development in 3D microfabrication techniques and we presented an overview of the applications of TPP as an advanced manufacturing technique in complex 3D biomedical scaffolds fabrication. Given this multidisciplinary field, we discussed the perspectives of physics, materials science, chemistry, biomedicine and mechanical engineering. Additionally, we dived into the principles of tow-photon absorption (TPA) and TPP, requirements of 3D biomedical scaffolders, developed-to-date materials and chemical approaches used by TPP and manufacturing strategies based on mechanical engineering. In the end, we draw out the limitations of TPP on 3D manufacturing for now along with some prospects of its future outlook towards the fabrication of 3D biomedical scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Jing
- Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano and Ultra-precision Manufacturing, School of Mechatronic Engineering, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Hongxun Fu
- Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano and Ultra-precision Manufacturing, School of Mechatronic Engineering, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Baojun Yu
- Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano and Ultra-precision Manufacturing, School of Mechatronic Engineering, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, Jilin, China
- *Correspondence: Baojun Yu,
| | - Meiyan Sun
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
| | - Liye Wang
- College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
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Muenwacha T, Weeranantanapan O, Chudapongse N, Diaz Sanchez FJ, Maensiri S, Radacsi N, Nuansing W. Fabrication of Piezoelectric Electrospun Termite Nest-like 3D Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:7684. [PMID: 34947288 PMCID: PMC8708465 DOI: 10.3390/ma14247684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A high piezoelectric coefficient polymer and biomaterial for bone tissue engineering- poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP)-has been successfully fabricated into 3D scaffolds using the wet electrospinning method. Three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds have significant advantages for tissue engineering applications. Electrospinning is an advanced method and can fabricate 3D scaffolds. However, it has some limitations and is difficult to fabricate nanofibers into 3D shapes because of the low controllability of porosity and internal pore shape. The PVDF-HFP powders were dissolved in a mixture of acetone and dimethylformamide with a ratio of 1:1 at various concentrations of 10, 13, 15, 17, and 20 wt%. However, only the solutions at 15 and 17 wt% with optimized electrospinning parameters can be fabricated into biomimetic 3D shapes. The produced PVDF-HFP 3D scaffolds are in the cm size range and mimic the structure of the natural nests of termites of the genus Apicotermes. In addition, the 3D nanofiber-based structure can also generate more electrical signals than the conventional 2D ones, as the third dimension provides more compression. The cell interaction with the 3D nanofibers scaffold was investigated. The in vitro results demonstrated that the NIH 3T3 cells could attach and migrate in the 3D structures. While conventional electrospinning yields 2D (flat) structures, our bio-inspired electrospun termite nest-like 3D scaffolds are better suited for tissue engineering applications since they can potentially mimic native tissues as they have biomimetic structure, piezoelectric, and biological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanapon Muenwacha
- Institute of Science, School of Physics, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand; (T.M.); (S.M.)
- Thailand Center of Excellence in Physics (ThEP), Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Oratai Weeranantanapan
- Institute of Science, School of Preclinical Sciences, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand; (O.W.); (N.C.)
- Center of Excellence on Advanced Functional Materials (CoE-AFM), Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Nuannoi Chudapongse
- Institute of Science, School of Preclinical Sciences, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand; (O.W.); (N.C.)
- Center of Excellence on Advanced Functional Materials (CoE-AFM), Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Francisco Javier Diaz Sanchez
- Institute for Materials and Processes, School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, Robert Stevenson Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FB, UK;
| | - Santi Maensiri
- Institute of Science, School of Physics, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand; (T.M.); (S.M.)
- Center of Excellence on Advanced Functional Materials (CoE-AFM), Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
- Research Network NANOTEC—SUT on Advanced Nanomaterials and Characterization, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Norbert Radacsi
- Institute for Materials and Processes, School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, Robert Stevenson Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FB, UK;
| | - Wiwat Nuansing
- Institute of Science, School of Physics, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand; (T.M.); (S.M.)
- Center of Excellence on Advanced Functional Materials (CoE-AFM), Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
- Research Network NANOTEC—SUT on Advanced Nanomaterials and Characterization, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
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Maciulaitis J, Miskiniene M, Rekštytė S, Bratchikov M, Darinskas A, Simbelyte A, Daunoras G, Laurinaviciene A, Laurinavicius A, Gudas R, Malinauskas M, Maciulaitis R. Osteochondral Repair and Electromechanical Evaluation of Custom 3D Scaffold Microstructured by Direct Laser Writing Lithography. Cartilage 2021; 13:615S-625S. [PMID: 31072136 PMCID: PMC8804810 DOI: 10.1177/1947603519847745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to assess a novel 3D microstructured scaffold seeded with allogeneic chondrocytes (cells) in a rabbit osteochondral defect model. DESIGN Direct laser writing lithography in pre-polymers was employed to fabricate custom silicon-zirconium containing hybrid organic-inorganic (HOI) polymer SZ2080 scaffolds of a predefined morphology. Hexagon-pored HOI scaffolds were seeded with chondrocytes (cells), and tissue-engineered cartilage biocompatibility, potency, efficacy, and shelf-life in vitro was assessed by morphological, ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) and PCR (polymerase chain reaction) analysis. Osteochondral defect was created in the weight-bearing area of medial femoral condyle for in vivo study. Polymerized fibrin was added to every defect of 5 experimental groups. Cartilage repair was analyzed after 6 months using macroscopical (Oswestry Arthroscopy Score [OAS]), histological, and electromechanical quantitative potential (QP) scores. Collagen scaffold (CS) was used as a positive comparator for in vitro and in vivo studies. RESULTS Type II collagen gene upregulation and protein secretion was maintained up to 8 days in seeded HOI. In vivo analysis revealed improvement in all scaffold treatment groups. For the first time, electromechanical properties of a cellular-based scaffold were analyzed in a preclinical study. Cell addition did not enhance OAS but improved histological and QP scores in HOI groups. CONCLUSIONS HOI material is biocompatible for up to 8 days in vitro and is supportive of cartilage formation at 6 months in vivo. Electromechanical measurement offers a reliable quality assessment of repaired cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justinas Maciulaitis
- Institute of Sports, Lithuanian
University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania,Justinas Maciulaitis, Institute of Sports,
Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes st. 18, 9 House, Kaunas 47181,
Lithuania.
| | - Milda Miskiniene
- Laboratory of Immunology, National
Institute of Cancer, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Sima Rekštytė
- Laser Research Center, Faculty of
Physics, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Maksim Bratchikov
- Department of Physiology, Biochemistry,
Microbiology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of
Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Adas Darinskas
- Laboratory of Immunology, National
Institute of Cancer, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Agne Simbelyte
- National Center of Pathology, Affiliate
of Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Gintaras Daunoras
- Non-infectious Disease Department,
Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Aida Laurinaviciene
- National Center of Pathology, Affiliate
of Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Arvydas Laurinavicius
- National Center of Pathology, Affiliate
of Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Rimtautas Gudas
- Institute of Sports, Lithuanian
University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | | | - Romaldas Maciulaitis
- Institute of Physiology and
Pharmacology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas,
Lithuania
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10
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Bouzin M, Zeynali A, Marini M, Sironi L, Scodellaro R, D’Alfonso L, Collini M, Chirico G. Multiphoton Laser Fabrication of Hybrid Photo-Activable Biomaterials. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21175891. [PMID: 34502787 PMCID: PMC8433654 DOI: 10.3390/s21175891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The possibility to shape stimulus-responsive optical polymers, especially hydrogels, by means of laser 3D printing and ablation is fostering a new concept of “smart” micro-devices that can be used for imaging, thermal stimulation, energy transducing and sensing. The composition of these polymeric blends is an essential parameter to tune their properties as actuators and/or sensing platforms and to determine the elasto-mechanical characteristics of the printed hydrogel. In light of the increasing demand for micro-devices for nanomedicine and personalized medicine, interest is growing in the combination of composite and hybrid photo-responsive materials and digital micro-/nano-manufacturing. Existing works have exploited multiphoton laser photo-polymerization to obtain fine 3D microstructures in hydrogels in an additive manufacturing approach or exploited laser ablation of preformed hydrogels to carve 3D cavities. Less often, the two approaches have been combined and active nanomaterials have been embedded in the microstructures. The aim of this review is to give a short overview of the most recent and prominent results in the field of multiphoton laser direct writing of biocompatible hydrogels that embed active nanomaterials not interfering with the writing process and endowing the biocompatible microstructures with physically or chemically activable features such as photothermal activity, chemical swelling and chemical sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaux Bouzin
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli studi di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy; (M.B.); (A.Z.); (M.M.); (L.S.); (R.S.); (L.D.)
| | - Amirbahador Zeynali
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli studi di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy; (M.B.); (A.Z.); (M.M.); (L.S.); (R.S.); (L.D.)
| | - Mario Marini
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli studi di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy; (M.B.); (A.Z.); (M.M.); (L.S.); (R.S.); (L.D.)
| | - Laura Sironi
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli studi di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy; (M.B.); (A.Z.); (M.M.); (L.S.); (R.S.); (L.D.)
| | - Riccardo Scodellaro
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli studi di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy; (M.B.); (A.Z.); (M.M.); (L.S.); (R.S.); (L.D.)
| | - Laura D’Alfonso
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli studi di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy; (M.B.); (A.Z.); (M.M.); (L.S.); (R.S.); (L.D.)
| | - Maddalena Collini
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli studi di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy; (M.B.); (A.Z.); (M.M.); (L.S.); (R.S.); (L.D.)
- Institute for Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems, CNR, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.C.); (G.C.)
| | - Giuseppe Chirico
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli studi di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy; (M.B.); (A.Z.); (M.M.); (L.S.); (R.S.); (L.D.)
- Institute for Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems, CNR, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.C.); (G.C.)
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11
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Otuka AJG, Tomazio NB, Paula KT, Mendonça CR. Two-Photon Polymerization: Functionalized Microstructures, Micro-Resonators, and Bio-Scaffolds. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13121994. [PMID: 34207089 PMCID: PMC8234590 DOI: 10.3390/polym13121994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The direct laser writing technique based on two-photon polymerization (TPP) has evolved considerably over the past two decades. Its remarkable characteristics, such as 3D capability, sub-diffraction resolution, material flexibility, and gentle processing conditions, have made it suitable for several applications in photonics and biosciences. In this review, we present an overview of the progress of TPP towards the fabrication of functionalized microstructures, whispering gallery mode (WGM) microresonators, and microenvironments for culturing microorganisms. We also describe the key physical-chemical fundamentals underlying the technique, the typical experimental setups, and the different materials employed for TPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano J. G. Otuka
- Photonics Group, São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos 13566-590, SP, Brazil; (N.B.T.); (K.T.P.)
- Correspondence: (A.J.G.O.); (C.R.M.)
| | - Nathália B. Tomazio
- Photonics Group, São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos 13566-590, SP, Brazil; (N.B.T.); (K.T.P.)
- Device Research Laboratory, “Gleb Wataghin” Institute of Physics, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-859, SP, Brazil
| | - Kelly T. Paula
- Photonics Group, São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos 13566-590, SP, Brazil; (N.B.T.); (K.T.P.)
| | - Cleber R. Mendonça
- Photonics Group, São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos 13566-590, SP, Brazil; (N.B.T.); (K.T.P.)
- Correspondence: (A.J.G.O.); (C.R.M.)
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12
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Decarli MC, do Amaral RLF, Dos Santos DP, Tofani LB, Katayama E, Rezende RA, Silva JVLD, Swiech K, Suazo CAT, Mota C, Moroni L, Moraes ÂM. Cell spheroids as a versatile research platform: formation mechanisms, high throughput production, characterization and applications. Biofabrication 2021; 13. [PMID: 33592595 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/abe6f2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional cell culture has tremendous advantages to closely mimic the in vivo architecture and microenvironment of healthy tissue and organs, as well as of solid tumors. Spheroids are currently the most attractive 3D model to produce uniform reproducible cell structures as well as a potential basis for engineering large tissues and complex organs. In this review we discuss, from an engineering perspective, processes to obtain uniform 3D cell spheroids, comparing dynamic and static cultures and considering aspects such as mass transfer and shear stress. In addition, computational and mathematical modelling of complex cell spheroid systems are discussed. The non-cell-adhesive hydrogel-based method and dynamic cell culture in bioreactors are focused in detail and the myriad of developed spheroid characterization techniques is presented. The main bottlenecks and weaknesses are discussed, especially regarding the analysis of morphological parameters, cell quantification and viability, gene expression profiles, metabolic behavior and high-content analysis. Finally, a vast set of applications of spheroids as tools for in vitro study model systems is examined, including drug screening, tissue formation, pathologies development, tissue engineering and biofabrication, 3D bioprinting and microfluidics, together with their use in high-throughput platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monize Caiado Decarli
- School of Chemical Engineering/Department of Engineering of Materials and of Bioprocesses, University of Campinas, Av. Albert Einstein, 500 - Bloco A - Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, SP, 13083-852, BRAZIL
| | - Robson Luis Ferraz do Amaral
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto/Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café, no number, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, BRAZIL
| | - Diogo Peres Dos Santos
- Departament of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luiz (SP-310), km 235, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, BRAZIL
| | - Larissa Bueno Tofani
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto/Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café, no number, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, BRAZIL
| | - Eric Katayama
- Departament of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luiz (SP-310), km 235, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, BRAZIL
| | - Rodrigo Alvarenga Rezende
- Centro de Tecnologia da Informacao Renato Archer, Rod. Dom Pedro I (SP-65), km 143,6 - Amarais, Campinas, SP, 13069-901, BRAZIL
| | - Jorge Vicente Lopes da Silva
- Centro de Tecnologia da Informacao Renato Archer, Rod. Dom Pedro I (SP-65), km 143,6 - Amarais, Campinas, SP, 13069-901, BRAZIL
| | - Kamilla Swiech
- University of Sao Paulo, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto/Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ribeirao Preto, SP, 14040-903, BRAZIL
| | - Cláudio Alberto Torres Suazo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luiz (SP-310), km 235, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, BRAZIL
| | - Carlos Mota
- Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration (CTR), University of Maastricht , Universiteitssingel, 40, office 3.541A, Maastricht, 6229 ER, NETHERLANDS
| | - Lorenzo Moroni
- Complex Tissue Regeneration, Maastricht University, Universiteitsingel, 40, Maastricht, 6229ER, NETHERLANDS
| | - Ângela Maria Moraes
- School of Chemical Engineering/Department of Engineering of Materials and of Bioprocesses, University of Campinas, Av. Albert Einstein, 500 - Bloco A - Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, SP, 13083-852, BRAZIL
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13
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Bretherton RC, DeForest CA. The Art of Engineering Biomimetic Cellular Microenvironments. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:3997-4008. [PMID: 33523625 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c01549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cells and their surrounding microenvironment exist in dynamic reciprocity, where bidirectional feedback and feedforward crosstalk drives essential processes in development, homeostasis, and disease. With the ongoing explosion of customizable biomaterial innovation for dynamic cell culture, an ever-expanding suite of user-programmable scaffolds now exists to probe cell fate in response to spatiotemporally controlled biophysical and biochemical cues. Here, we highlight emerging trends in these efforts, emphasizing strategies that offer tunability over complex network mechanics, present biomolecular cues anisotropically, and harness cells as physiochemical actuators of the pericellular niche. Altogether, these material advances will lead to breakthroughs in our basic understanding of how cells interact with, integrate signals from, and influence their surrounding microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross C Bretherton
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98105, United States.,Institute of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
| | - Cole A DeForest
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98105, United States.,Institute of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States.,Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States.,Molecular Engineering & Sciences Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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14
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Koo JW, Ho JS, An J, Zhang Y, Chua CK, Chong TH. A review on spacers and membranes: Conventional or hybrid additive manufacturing? WATER RESEARCH 2021; 188:116497. [PMID: 33075598 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, 3D printing or additive manufacturing (AM) technology has seen great advancement in many aspects such as printing resolution, speed and cost. Membranes for water treatment experienced significant breakthroughs owing to the unique benefits of additive manufacturing. In particular, 3D printing's high degree of freedom in various aspects such as material and prototype design has helped to fabricate innovative spacers and membranes. However, there were conflicting reports on the feasibility of 3D printing, especially for membranes. Some research groups stated that technology limitations today made it impossible to 3D print membranes, but others showed that it was possible by successfully fabricating prototypes. This paper will provide a critical and comprehensive discussion on 3D printing specifically for spacers and membranes. Various 3D printing techniques will be introduced, and their suitability for membrane and spacer fabrication will be discussed. It will be followed by a review of past studies associated with 3D-printed spacers and membranes. A new category of additive manufacturing in the membrane water industry will be introduced here, known as hybrid additive manufacturing, to address the controversies of 3D printing for membrane. As AM technology continues to advance, its possibilities in the water treatment is limitless. Some insightful future trends will be provided at the end of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wee Koo
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Programme, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798; Singapore Membrane Technology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One #06-08, Singapore 637141; Singapore Centre for 3D Printing, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798
| | - Jia Shin Ho
- Singapore Membrane Technology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One #06-08, Singapore 637141
| | - Jia An
- Singapore Centre for 3D Printing, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798
| | - Yi Zhang
- Singapore Centre for 3D Printing, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798
| | - Chee Kai Chua
- Engineering Product Development Pillar, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372
| | - Tzyy Haur Chong
- Singapore Membrane Technology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One #06-08, Singapore 637141; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798.
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15
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Carelli S, Giallongo T, Rey F, Barzaghini B, Zandrini T, Pulcinelli A, Nardomarino R, Cerullo G, Osellame R, Cereda C, Zuccotti GV, Raimondi MT. Neural precursors cells expanded in a 3D micro-engineered niche present enhanced therapeutic efficacy in vivo. Nanotheranostics 2021; 5:8-26. [PMID: 33391972 PMCID: PMC7738947 DOI: 10.7150/ntno.50633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Stem Cells (SCs) show a great potential in therapeutics for restoring and regenerating native tissues. The clinical translation of SCs therapies is currently hindered by the inability to expand SCs in vitro in large therapeutic dosages, while maintaining their safety and potency. The use of biomaterials allows for the generation of active biophysical signals for directing SCs fate through 3D micro-scaffolds, such as the one named “Nichoid”, fabricated with two-photon laser polymerization with a spatial resolution of 100 nm. The aims of this study were: i) to investigate the proliferation, differentiation and stemness properties of neural precursor cells (NPCs) following their cultivation inside the Nichoid micro-scaffold; ii) to assess the therapeutic effect and safety in vivo of NPCs cultivated in the Nichoid in a preclinical experimental model of Parkinson's Disease (PD). Methods: Nichoids were fabricated by two photon laser polymerization onto circular glass coverslips using a home-made SZ2080 photoresist. NPCs were grown inside the Nichoid for 7 days, counted and characterized with RNA-Seq, Real Time PCR analysis, immunofluorescence and Western Blot. Then, NPCs were transplanted in a murine experimental model of PD, in which parkinsonism was induced by the intraperitoneal administration of the neurotoxin MPTP in C57/bl mice. The efficacy of engrafted Nichoid-expanded NPCs was evaluated by means of specific behavioral tests and, after animal sacrifice, with immunohistochemical studies in brain slices. Results: NPCs grown inside the Nichoid show a significantly higher cell viability and proliferation than in standard culture conditions in suspension. Furthermore, we report the mechanical conditioning of NPCs in 3D micro-scaffolds, showing a significant increase in the expression of pluripotency genes. We also report that such mechanical reprogramming of NPCs produces an enhanced therapeutic effect in the in vivo model of PD. Recovery of PD symptoms was significantly increased when animals were treated with Nichoid-grown NPCs, and this is accompanied by the recovery of dopaminergic markers expression in the striatum of PD affected mice. Conclusion: SCs demonstrated an increase in pluripotency potential when expanded inside the Nichoid, without the need of any genetic modification of cells, showing great promise for large-scale production of safe and functional cell therapies to be used in multiple clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephana Carelli
- Pediatric Clinical Research Center "Romeo and Enrica Invernizzi", L. Sacco Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milano, Milano, 20157, Italy
| | - Toniella Giallongo
- Pediatric Clinical Research Center "Romeo and Enrica Invernizzi", L. Sacco Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milano, Milano, 20157, Italy
| | - Federica Rey
- Pediatric Clinical Research Center "Romeo and Enrica Invernizzi", L. Sacco Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milano, Milano, 20157, Italy
| | - Bianca Barzaghini
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milano, 20133, Italy
| | - Tommaso Zandrini
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie (IFN)-CNR and Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, 20133, Italy
| | - Andrea Pulcinelli
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milano, 20133, Italy
| | - Riccardo Nardomarino
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milano, 20133, Italy
| | - Giulio Cerullo
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie (IFN)-CNR and Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, 20133, Italy
| | - Roberto Osellame
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie (IFN)-CNR and Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, 20133, Italy
| | - Cristina Cereda
- Genomic and Postgenomic Lab, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - Gian Vincenzo Zuccotti
- Pediatric Clinical Research Center "Romeo and Enrica Invernizzi", L. Sacco Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milano, Milano, 20157, Italy
| | - Manuela Teresa Raimondi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milano, 20133, Italy
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16
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Chen Q, Wang Y. The application of three-dimensional cell culture in clinical medicine. Biotechnol Lett 2020; 42:2071-2082. [PMID: 32935182 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-020-03003-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional cell culture technology is a novel cell culture technology, which can simulate the growth state of cells in vivo by scaffolds or special devices. Cells can form tissues or organs in vitro. It combines some advantages of traditional cell experiments and animal model experiments. Because of its advantages, it is widely used in clinical medical research, including research on stem cell differentiation, research on cell behavior, migration and invasion, study on microenvironment, study on drug sensitivity and radio-sensitivity of tumor cells, etc. In this paper, the evolution and classification of three-dimensional cell culture are reviewed, also the advantages and shortages are compared. The application of three-dimensional cell culture in clinical medicine are summarized to provide an insight into translational medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Chen
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Shuaifuyuan No 1, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Youbin Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Shuaifuyuan No 1, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China.
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17
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Dobos A, Van Hoorick J, Steiger W, Gruber P, Markovic M, Andriotis OG, Rohatschek A, Dubruel P, Thurner PJ, Van Vlierberghe S, Baudis S, Ovsianikov A. Thiol-Gelatin-Norbornene Bioink for Laser-Based High-Definition Bioprinting. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e1900752. [PMID: 31347290 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201900752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Two-photon polymerization (2PP) is a lithography-based 3D printing method allowing the fabrication of 3D structures with sub-micrometer resolution. This work focuses on the characterization of gelatin-norbornene (Gel-NB) bioinks which enables the embedding of cells via 2PP. The high reactivity of the thiol-ene system allows 2PP processing of cell-containing materials at remarkably high scanning speeds (1000 mm s-1 ) placing this technology in the domain of bioprinting. Atomic force microscopy results demonstrate that the indentation moduli of the produced hydrogel constructs can be adjusted in the 0.2-0.7 kPa range by controlling the 2PP processing parameters. Using this approach gradient 3D constructs are produced and the morphology of the embedded cells is observed in the course of 3 weeks. Furthermore, it is possible to tune the enzymatic degradation of the crosslinked bioink by varying the applied laser power. The 3D printed Gel-NB hydrogel constructs show exceptional biocompatibility, supported cell adhesion, and migration. Furthermore, cells maintain their proliferation capacity demonstrated by Ki-67 immunostaining. Moreover, the results demonstrate that direct embedding of cells provides uniform distribution and high cell loading independently of the pore size of the scaffold. The investigated photosensitive bioink enables high-definition bioprinting of well-defined constructs for long-term cell culture studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Dobos
- TU Wien3D Printing and Biofabrication GroupInstitute of Materials Science and Technology Getreidemarkt 9 1060 Vienna Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration
| | - Jasper Van Hoorick
- Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials GroupCentre of Macromolecular ChemistryGhent University Krijgslaan 281, S4 9000 Ghent Belgium
- Brussels PhotonicsDepartment of Applied Physics and PhotonicsFlanders Make and Vrije Universiteit Brussel Pleinlaan 2 1000 Brussels Belgium
| | - Wolfgang Steiger
- TU Wien3D Printing and Biofabrication GroupInstitute of Materials Science and Technology Getreidemarkt 9 1060 Vienna Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration
| | - Peter Gruber
- TU Wien3D Printing and Biofabrication GroupInstitute of Materials Science and Technology Getreidemarkt 9 1060 Vienna Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration
| | - Marica Markovic
- TU Wien3D Printing and Biofabrication GroupInstitute of Materials Science and Technology Getreidemarkt 9 1060 Vienna Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration
| | - Orestis G. Andriotis
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration
- TU Wien, Institute of Lightweight Design and Structural Biomechanics Getreidemarkt 9 1060 Vienna Austria
| | - Andreas Rohatschek
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration
- TU Wien, Institute of Lightweight Design and Structural Biomechanics Getreidemarkt 9 1060 Vienna Austria
| | - Peter Dubruel
- Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials GroupCentre of Macromolecular ChemistryGhent University Krijgslaan 281, S4 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Philipp J. Thurner
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration
- TU Wien, Institute of Lightweight Design and Structural Biomechanics Getreidemarkt 9 1060 Vienna Austria
| | - Sandra Van Vlierberghe
- Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials GroupCentre of Macromolecular ChemistryGhent University Krijgslaan 281, S4 9000 Ghent Belgium
- Brussels PhotonicsDepartment of Applied Physics and PhotonicsFlanders Make and Vrije Universiteit Brussel Pleinlaan 2 1000 Brussels Belgium
| | - Stefan Baudis
- TU WienInstitute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry Getreidemarkt 9 1060 Vienna Austria
| | - Aleksandr Ovsianikov
- TU Wien3D Printing and Biofabrication GroupInstitute of Materials Science and Technology Getreidemarkt 9 1060 Vienna Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration
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18
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Lee M, Rizzo R, Surman F, Zenobi-Wong M. Guiding Lights: Tissue Bioprinting Using Photoactivated Materials. Chem Rev 2020; 120:10950-11027. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mihyun Lee
- Tissue Engineering + Biofabrication HPL J22, ETH Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Riccardo Rizzo
- Tissue Engineering + Biofabrication HPL J22, ETH Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - František Surman
- Tissue Engineering + Biofabrication HPL J22, ETH Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Marcy Zenobi-Wong
- Tissue Engineering + Biofabrication HPL J22, ETH Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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19
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Tomal W, Ortyl J. Water-Soluble Photoinitiators in Biomedical Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1073. [PMID: 32392892 PMCID: PMC7285382 DOI: 10.3390/polym12051073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Light-initiated polymerization processes are currently an important tool in various industrial fields. The advancement of technology has resulted in the use of photopolymerization in various biomedical applications, such as the production of 3D hydrogel structures, the encapsulation of cells, and in drug delivery systems. The use of photopolymerization processes requires an appropriate initiating system that, in biomedical applications, must meet additional criteria such as high water solubility, non-toxicity to cells, and compatibility with visible low-power light sources. This article is a literature review on those compounds that act as photoinitiators of photopolymerization processes in biomedical applications. The division of initiators according to the method of photoinitiation was described and the related mechanisms were discussed. Examples from each group of photoinitiators are presented, and their benefits, limitations, and applications are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiktoria Tomal
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Krakow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Joanna Ortyl
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Krakow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Krakow, Poland;
- Photo HiTech Ltd., Bobrzyńskiego 14, 30-348 Krakow, Poland
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20
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Van Hoorick J, Tytgat L, Dobos A, Ottevaere H, Van Erps J, Thienpont H, Ovsianikov A, Dubruel P, Van Vlierberghe S. (Photo-)crosslinkable gelatin derivatives for biofabrication applications. Acta Biomater 2019; 97:46-73. [PMID: 31344513 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Over the recent decades gelatin has proven to be very suitable as an extracellular matrix mimic for biofabrication and tissue engineering applications. However, gelatin is prone to dissolution at typical cell culture conditions and is therefore often chemically modified to introduce (photo-)crosslinkable functionalities. These modifications allow to tune the material properties of gelatin, making it suitable for a wide range of biofabrication techniques both as a bioink and as a biomaterial ink (component). The present review provides a non-exhaustive overview of the different reported gelatin modification strategies to yield crosslinkable materials that can be used to form hydrogels suitable for biofabrication applications. The different crosslinking chemistries are discussed and classified according to their mechanism including chain-growth and step-growth polymerization. The step-growth polymerization mechanisms are further classified based on the specific chemistry including different (photo-)click chemistries and reversible systems. The benefits and drawbacks of each chemistry are also briefly discussed. Furthermore, focus is placed on different biofabrication strategies using either inkjet, deposition or light-based additive manufacturing techniques, and the applications of the obtained 3D constructs. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Gelatin and more specifically gelatin-methacryloyl has emerged to become one of the gold standard materials as an extracellular matrix mimic in the field of biofabrication. However, also other modification strategies have been elaborated to take advantage of a plethora of crosslinking chemistries. Therefore, a review paper focusing on the different modification strategies and processing of gelatin is presented. Particular attention is paid to the underlying chemistry along with the benefits and drawbacks of each type of crosslinking chemistry. The different strategies were classified based on their basic crosslinking mechanism including chain- or step-growth polymerization. Within the step-growth classification, a further distinction is made between click chemistries as well as other strategies. The influence of these modifications on the physical gelation and processing conditions including mechanical properties is presented. Additionally, substantial attention is put to the applied photoinitiators and the different biofabrication technologies including inkjet, deposition or light-based technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper Van Hoorick
- Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials Group - Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC) - Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S4-Bis, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Brussels Photonics (B-PHOT) - Department of Applied Physics and Photonics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel and Flanders Make, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Liesbeth Tytgat
- Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials Group - Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC) - Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S4-Bis, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Brussels Photonics (B-PHOT) - Department of Applied Physics and Photonics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel and Flanders Make, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Agnes Dobos
- Research Group 3D Printing and Biofabrication, Institute of Materials Science and Technology, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Heidi Ottevaere
- Brussels Photonics (B-PHOT) - Department of Applied Physics and Photonics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel and Flanders Make, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jürgen Van Erps
- Brussels Photonics (B-PHOT) - Department of Applied Physics and Photonics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel and Flanders Make, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hugo Thienpont
- Brussels Photonics (B-PHOT) - Department of Applied Physics and Photonics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel and Flanders Make, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Aleksandr Ovsianikov
- Research Group 3D Printing and Biofabrication, Institute of Materials Science and Technology, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Dubruel
- Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials Group - Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC) - Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S4-Bis, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sandra Van Vlierberghe
- Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials Group - Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC) - Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S4-Bis, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Brussels Photonics (B-PHOT) - Department of Applied Physics and Photonics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel and Flanders Make, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
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21
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Türker E, Yildiz ÜH, Arslan Yildiz A. Biomimetic hybrid scaffold consisting of co-electrospun collagen and PLLCL for 3D cell culture. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 139:1054-1062. [PMID: 31404597 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.08.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Electrospun collagen is commonly used as a scaffold in tissue engineering applications since it mimics the content and morphology of native extracellular matrix (ECM) well. This report describes "toxic solvent free" fabrication of electrospun hybrid scaffold consisting of Collagen (Col) and Poly(l-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone) (PLLCL) for three-dimensional (3D) cell culture. Biomimetic hybrid scaffold was fabricated via co-spinning approach where simultaneous electrospinning of PLLCL and Collagen was mediated by polymer sacrificing agent Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). Acidified aqueous solution of PVP was used to solubilize collagen without using toxic solvents for electrospinning, and then PVP was readily removed by rinsing in water. Mechanical characterizations, protein adsorption, as well as biodegradation analysis have been conducted to investigate feasibility of biomimetic hybrid scaffold for 3D cell culture applications. Electrospun biomimetic hybrid scaffold, which has 3D-network structure with 300-450 nm fiber diameters, was found to be maximizing cell adhesion through assisting NIH 3T3 mouse fibroblast cells. 3D cell culture studies confirmed that presence of collagen in biomimetic hybrid scaffold have created a major impact on cell proliferation compared to conventional 2D systems on long-term, also cell viability increased with the increasing amount of collagen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Türker
- Department of Bioengineering, Izmir Institute of Technology (IzTech), 35430 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ümit Hakan Yildiz
- Department of Chemistry, Izmir Institute of Technology (IzTech), 35430 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ahu Arslan Yildiz
- Department of Bioengineering, Izmir Institute of Technology (IzTech), 35430 Izmir, Turkey.
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22
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Hippler M, Lemma ED, Bertels S, Blasco E, Barner-Kowollik C, Wegener M, Bastmeyer M. 3D Scaffolds to Study Basic Cell Biology. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1808110. [PMID: 30793374 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201808110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Mimicking the properties of the extracellular matrix is crucial for developing in vitro models of the physiological microenvironment of living cells. Among other techniques, 3D direct laser writing (DLW) has emerged as a promising technology for realizing tailored 3D scaffolds for cell biology studies. Here, results based on DLW addressing basic biological issues, e.g., cell-force measurements and selective 3D cell spreading on functionalized structures are reviewed. Continuous future progress in DLW materials engineering and innovative approaches for scaffold fabrication will enable further applications of DLW in applied biomedical research and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Hippler
- Zoological Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Applied Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Wolfgang-Gaede-Str. 1, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Enrico Domenico Lemma
- Zoological Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Sarah Bertels
- Zoological Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Eva Blasco
- Macromolecular Architectures, Institute for Technical Chemistry and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 18, 76128, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- Macromolecular Architectures, Institute for Technical Chemistry and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 18, 76128, Karlsruhe, Germany
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Martin Wegener
- Institute of Applied Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Wolfgang-Gaede-Str. 1, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Martin Bastmeyer
- Zoological Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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23
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Le LV, Mkrtschjan MA, Russell B, Desai TA. Hang on tight: reprogramming the cell with microstructural cues. Biomed Microdevices 2019; 21:43. [PMID: 30955102 PMCID: PMC6791714 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-019-0394-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cells interact intimately with complex microdomains in their extracellular matrix (ECM) and maintain a delicate balance of mechanical forces through mechanosensitive cellular components. Tissue injury results in acute degradation of the ECM and disruption of cell-ECM contacts, manifesting in loss of cytoskeletal tension, leading to pathological cell transformation and the onset of disease. Recently, microscale hydrogel constructs have been developed to provide cells with microdomains to form focal adhesion binding sites, which enable restoration of cytoskeletal tension. These synthetic anchors can recapitulate the complex 3D architecture of the native ECM to provide microtopographical cues. The mechanical deformation of proteins at the cell surface can activate signaling cascades to modulate downstream gene-level transcription, making this a unique materials-based approach for reprogramming cell behavior. An overview of the mechanisms underlying these mechanosensitive interactions in fibroblasts, stem and other cell types is provided to review their effects on cellular reprogramming. Recent investigations on the fabrication, functionalization and implementation of these materials and microtopographical features for drug testing and therapeutic applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long V Le
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, 1700 4th St Rm 204, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Michael A Mkrtschjan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois, Chicago, 835 S. Wolcott, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Brenda Russell
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois, Chicago, 835 S. Wolcott, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Tejal A Desai
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, 1700 4th St Rm 204, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
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24
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Xiong Z, Li H, Kunwar P, Zhu Y, Ramos R, Mcloughlin S, Winston T, Ma Z, Soman P. Femtosecond laser induced densification within cell-laden hydrogels results in cellular alignment. Biofabrication 2019; 11:035005. [DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ab0f8b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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25
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Grebenyuk S, Ranga A. Engineering Organoid Vascularization. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:39. [PMID: 30941347 PMCID: PMC6433749 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of increasingly biomimetic human tissue analogs has been a long-standing goal in two important biomedical applications: drug discovery and regenerative medicine. In seeking to understand the safety and effectiveness of newly developed pharmacological therapies and replacement tissues for severely injured non-regenerating tissues and organs, there remains a tremendous unmet need in generating tissues with both functional complexity and scale. Over the last decade, the advent of organoids has demonstrated that cells have the ability to reorganize into complex tissue-specific structures given minimal inductive factors. However, a major limitation in achieving truly in vivo-like functionality has been the lack of structured organization and reasonable tissue size. In vivo, developing tissues are interpenetrated by and interact with a complex network of vasculature which allows not only oxygen, nutrient and waste exchange, but also provide for inductive biochemical exchange and a structural template for growth. Conversely, in vitro, this aspect of organoid development has remained largely missing, suggesting that these may be the critical cues required for large-scale and more reproducible tissue organization. Here, we review recent technical progress in generating in vitro vasculature, and seek to provide a framework for understanding how such technologies, together with theoretical and developmentally inspired insights, can be harnessed to enhance next generation organoid development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei Grebenyuk
- Laboratory of Bioengineering and Morphogenesis, Department of Mechanical Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Adrian Ranga
- Laboratory of Bioengineering and Morphogenesis, Department of Mechanical Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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26
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Femtosecond Laser Fabrication of Engineered Functional Surfaces Based on Biodegradable Polymer and Biopolymer/Ceramic Composite Thin Films. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11020378. [PMID: 30960362 PMCID: PMC6419159 DOI: 10.3390/polym11020378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Surface functionalization introduced by precisely-defined surface structures depended on the surface texture and quality. Laser treatment is an advanced, non-contact technique for improving the biomaterials surface characteristics. In this study, femtosecond laser modification was applied to fabricate diverse structures on biodegradable polymer thin films and their ceramic blends. The influences of key laser processing parameters like laser energy and a number of applied laser pulses (N) over laser-treated surfaces were investigated. The modification of surface roughness was determined by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The surface roughness (Rrms) increased from approximately 0.5 to nearly 3 µm. The roughness changed with increasing laser energy and a number of applied laser pulses (N). The induced morphologies with different laser parameters were compared via Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal microscopy analysis. The chemical composition of exposed surfaces was examined by FTIR, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and XRD analysis. This work illustrates the capacity of the laser microstructuring method for surface functionalization with possible applications in improvement of cellular attachment and orientation. Cells exhibited an extended shape along laser-modified surface zones compared to non-structured areas and demonstrated parallel alignment to the created structures. We examined laser-material interaction, microstructural outgrowth, and surface-treatment effect. By comparing the experimental results, it can be summarized that considerable processing quality can be obtained with femtosecond laser structuring.
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27
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Akopova TA, Demina TS, Cherkaev GV, Khavpachev MA, Bardakova KN, Grachev AV, Vladimirov LV, Zelenetskii AN, Timashev PS. Solvent-free synthesis and characterization of allyl chitosan derivatives. RSC Adv 2019; 9:20968-20975. [PMID: 35515576 PMCID: PMC9066023 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra03830b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The solvent-free synthesis of allyl-substituted chitosan derivatives through reactive co-extrusion of chitosan powder with allyl bromide at shear deformation was performed. For the structural characterization, FTIR and NMR methods were employed. The results were confirmed by chemical analysis. The total content of allyl substituents from 5 to 50 per 100 chitosan units as a function of the component ratio in the reactive mixtures was revealed. Carrying out the reaction without any additives leads to the selective formation of N-alkylated derivatives, whereas in the presence of alkali the ethers of chitosan were preferentially formed. The results suggest that the proposed approach allows significantly higher yield of products to be obtained at high process speeds and significantly lower reagent consumption as compared with the liquid-phase synthesis in organic medium. The synthesized unsaturated derivatives are promising photosensitive components for use in laser stereolithography for fabrication of three-dimensional biocompatible structures with well-defined architectonics. The allyl chitosan derivatives are synthesized, characterized and evaluated as photosensitive components for creation of biomedical materials with well-defined architectonics.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana A. Akopova
- Enikolopov Institute of Synthetic Polymeric Materials
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- Moscow 117393
- Russia
| | - Tatiana S. Demina
- Enikolopov Institute of Synthetic Polymeric Materials
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- Moscow 117393
- Russia
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine
| | - Georgii V. Cherkaev
- Enikolopov Institute of Synthetic Polymeric Materials
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- Moscow 117393
- Russia
| | - Mukhamed A. Khavpachev
- Enikolopov Institute of Synthetic Polymeric Materials
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- Moscow 117393
- Russia
| | - Kseniya N. Bardakova
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine
- Sechenov University
- Moscow 119991
- Russia
- Institute on Photon Technologies
| | - Andrey V. Grachev
- Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- Moscow 119991
- Russia
| | - Leonid V. Vladimirov
- Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- Moscow 119991
- Russia
| | - Alexander N. Zelenetskii
- Enikolopov Institute of Synthetic Polymeric Materials
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- Moscow 117393
- Russia
| | - Petr S. Timashev
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine
- Sechenov University
- Moscow 119991
- Russia
- Institute on Photon Technologies
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28
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Zhang Q, Yu H, Barbiero M, Wang B, Gu M. Artificial neural networks enabled by nanophotonics. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2019; 8:42. [PMID: 31098012 PMCID: PMC6504946 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-019-0151-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The growing demands of brain science and artificial intelligence create an urgent need for the development of artificial neural networks (ANNs) that can mimic the structural, functional and biological features of human neural networks. Nanophotonics, which is the study of the behaviour of light and the light-matter interaction at the nanometre scale, has unveiled new phenomena and led to new applications beyond the diffraction limit of light. These emerging nanophotonic devices have enabled scientists to develop paradigm shifts of research into ANNs. In the present review, we summarise the recent progress in nanophotonics for emulating the structural, functional and biological features of ANNs, directly or indirectly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiming Zhang
- Laboratory of Artificial-Intelligence Nanophotonics, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001 Australia
| | - Haoyi Yu
- Laboratory of Artificial-Intelligence Nanophotonics, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001 Australia
| | - Martina Barbiero
- Laboratory of Artificial-Intelligence Nanophotonics, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001 Australia
| | - Baokai Wang
- Laboratory of Artificial-Intelligence Nanophotonics, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001 Australia
| | - Min Gu
- Laboratory of Artificial-Intelligence Nanophotonics, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001 Australia
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29
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Mandt D, Gruber P, Markovic M, Tromayer M, Rothbauer M, Kratz SRA, Ali SF, Hoorick JV, Holnthoner W, Mühleder S, Dubruel P, Vlierberghe SV, Ertl P, Liska R, Ovsianikov A. Fabrication of biomimetic placental barrier structures within a microfluidic device utilizing two-photon polymerization. Int J Bioprint 2018; 4:144. [PMID: 33102920 PMCID: PMC7581993 DOI: 10.18063/ijb.v4i2.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The placenta is a transient organ, essential for development and survival of the unborn fetus. It interfaces the body of the pregnant woman with the unborn child and secures transport of endogenous and exogenous substances. Maternal and fetal blood are thereby separated at any time, by the so-called placental barrier. Current in vitro approaches fail to model this multifaceted structure, therefore research in the field of placental biology is particularly challenging. The present study aimed at establishing a novel model, simulating placental transport and its implications on development, in a versatile but reproducible way. The basal membrane was replicated using a gelatin-based material, closely mimicking the composition and properties of the natural extracellular matrix. The microstructure was produced by using a high-resolution 3D printing method - the two-photon polymerization (2PP). In order to structure gelatin by 2PP, its primary amines and carboxylic acids are modified with methacrylamides and methacrylates (GelMOD-AEMA), respectively. High-resolution structures in the range of a few micrometers were produced within the intersection of a customized microfluidic device, separating the x-shaped chamber into two isolated cell culture compartments. Human umbilical-vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) seeded on one side of this membrane simulate the fetal compartment while human choriocarcinoma cells, isolated from placental tissue (BeWo B30) mimic the maternal syncytium. This barrier model in combination with native flow profiles can be used to mimic the microenvironment of the placenta, investigating different pharmaceutical, clinical and biological scenarios. As proof-of-principle, this bioengineered placental barrier was used for the investigation of transcellular transport processes. While high molecular weight substances did not permeate, smaller molecules in the size of glucose were able to diffuse through the barrier in a time-depended manner. We envision to apply this bioengineered placental barrier for pathophysiological research, where altered nutrient transport is associated with health risks for the fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Mandt
- Institute of Materials Science and Technology, TU Wien, Vienna Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Austria
| | - Peter Gruber
- Institute of Materials Science and Technology, TU Wien, Vienna Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Austria
| | - Marica Markovic
- Institute of Materials Science and Technology, TU Wien, Vienna Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Austria
| | - Maximillian Tromayer
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Austria.,Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien, Vienna Austria
| | - Mario Rothbauer
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien, Vienna Austria
| | | | - Syed Faheem Ali
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien, Vienna Austria
| | - Jasper Van Hoorick
- Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Brussels Photonics, Department of Applied Physics and Photonics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Wolfgang Holnthoner
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Severin Mühleder
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Dubruel
- Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sandra Van Vlierberghe
- Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Brussels Photonics, Department of Applied Physics and Photonics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Peter Ertl
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Austria.,Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien, Vienna Austria
| | - Robert Liska
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Austria.,Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien, Vienna Austria
| | - Aleksandr Ovsianikov
- Institute of Materials Science and Technology, TU Wien, Vienna Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Austria
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30
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Chartrain NA, Williams CB, Whittington AR. A review on fabricating tissue scaffolds using vat photopolymerization. Acta Biomater 2018; 74:90-111. [PMID: 29753139 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Vat Photopolymerization (stereolithography, SLA), an Additive Manufacturing (AM) or 3D printing technology, holds particular promise for the fabrication of tissue scaffolds for use in regenerative medicine. Unlike traditional tissue scaffold fabrication techniques, SLA is capable of fabricating designed scaffolds through the selective photopolymerization of a photopolymer resin on the micron scale. SLA offers unprecedented control over scaffold porosity and permeability, as well as pore size, shape, and interconnectivity. Perhaps even more significantly, SLA can be used to fabricate vascular networks that may encourage angio and vasculogenesis. Fulfilling this potential requires the development of new photopolymers, the incorporation of biochemical factors into printed scaffolds, and an understanding of the effects scaffold geometry have on cell viability, proliferation, and differentiation. This review compares SLA to other scaffold fabrication techniques, highlights significant advances in the field, and offers a perspective on the field's challenges and future directions. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Engineering de novo tissues continues to be challenging due, in part, to our inability to fabricate complex tissue scaffolds that can support cell proliferation and encourage the formation of developed tissue. The goal of this review is to first introduce the reader to traditional and Additive Manufacturing scaffold fabrication techniques. The bulk of this review will then focus on apprising the reader of current research and provide a perspective on the promising use of vat photopolymerization (stereolithography, SLA) for the fabrication of complex tissue scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A Chartrain
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Christopher B Williams
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Abby R Whittington
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
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31
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Ajami A, Husinsky W, Ovsianikov A, Liska R. Dispersive white light continuum single Z-scan for rapid determination of degenerate two-photon absorption spectra. APPLIED PHYSICS. B, LASERS AND OPTICS 2018; 124:142. [PMID: 30996529 PMCID: PMC6435023 DOI: 10.1007/s00340-018-7011-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We present an experimental technique to determine the degenerate two-photon absorption (2PA) spectra by performing a single Z-scan using a high-spectral-irradiance white light continuum (WLC) generated by a hollow core fiber. The hollow fiber was filled with Argon (Ar) gas at a pressure of 0.6 bar and was pumped with 500 mJ, 30 fs, and 800 nm pulses. The broadband WLC pulses with 350 nm bandwidth in the range of 600-950 nm were compressed to sub-8 fs pulses. To characterize and interpret the data obtained from this method, the spectral, temporal and spatial characteristics of the WLC were first analyzed. The WLC emerging from the compressor was dispersed using a prism pair and then focused into the sample by a cylindrical lens. Since different spectral components are spatially separated, any part of the sample in the beam cross section is irradiated with almost single wavelength pulses leading to only a degenerate 2PA process. The nonlinear transmittance was then measured by a charge-coupled-device (CCD) line camera as a function of the sample position while the sample was moved along the beam direction by a motorized translation stage. In this way the Z-scans at different wavelengths in the WLC spectral range can be measured and thus the wavelength-resolved degenerate 2PA spectra can be obtained by performing a single scan using dispersive WLC. This method was verified on a well-characterized dye Rhodamine B and yield a reasonable agreement with the data found in the literature. We used this method to determine the 2PA spectra of some two-photon initiators (2PIs) developed for two-photon polymerization (2PP) based 3D micro-structuring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliasghar Ajami
- Faculty of Physics, Semnan University, P. O. Box 35195-363, Semnan, Iran
| | - Wolfgang Husinsky
- Institute of Applied Physics, TU Wien (Technische Universitat Wien), Wiedner Hauptstrasse. 8, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Aleksandr Ovsianikov
- Institute of Materials Science and Technology (E308), TU Wien (Technische Universitat Wien), Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Robert Liska
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien (Technische Universitat Wien), Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
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Petcu EB, Midha R, McColl E, Popa-Wagner A, Chirila TV, Dalton PD. 3D printing strategies for peripheral nerve regeneration. Biofabrication 2018; 10:032001. [DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/aaaf50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Abstract
Recent progress in the photoinitiators and monomers/oligomers of photopolymers for 3D printing is presented in the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Research School of Chemistry
- Australian National University
- Canberra
- Australia
| | - Pu Xiao
- Research School of Chemistry
- Australian National University
- Canberra
- Australia
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34
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Theis S, Iturmendi A, Gorsche C, Orthofer M, Lunzer M, Baudis S, Ovsianikov A, Liska R, Monkowius U, Teasdale I. Metallo-Supramolecular Gels that are Photocleavable with Visible and Near-Infrared Irradiation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:15857-15860. [PMID: 28941025 PMCID: PMC5725706 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201707321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A photolabile ruthenium-based complex, [Ru(bpy)2 (4AMP)2 ](PF6 )2 , (4AMP=4-(aminomethyl)pyridine) is incorporated into polyurea organo- and hydrogels via the reactive amine moieties on the photocleavable 4AMP ligands. While showing long-term stability in the dark, cleavage of the pyridine-ruthenium bond upon irradiation with visible or near-infrared irradiation (in a two-photon process) leads to rapid de-gelation of the supramolecular gels, thus enabling spatiotemporal micropatterning by photomasking or pulsed NIR-laser irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Theis
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryJohannes Kepler University LinzAltenberger Strasse 694040LinzAustria
| | - Aitziber Iturmendi
- Institute of Polymer ChemistryJohannes Kepler University LinzAltenberger Strasse 694040LinzAustria
| | - Christian Gorsche
- Institute of Applied Synthetic ChemistryTechnische Universität WienAustria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue RegenerationAustria
| | - Marco Orthofer
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryJohannes Kepler University LinzAltenberger Strasse 694040LinzAustria
| | - Markus Lunzer
- Institute of Applied Synthetic ChemistryTechnische Universität WienAustria
- Institute of Materials Science and TechnologyTechnische Universität WienAustria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue RegenerationAustria
| | - Stefan Baudis
- Institute of Applied Synthetic ChemistryTechnische Universität WienAustria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue RegenerationAustria
| | - Aleksandr Ovsianikov
- Institute of Materials Science and TechnologyTechnische Universität WienAustria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue RegenerationAustria
| | - Robert Liska
- Institute of Applied Synthetic ChemistryTechnische Universität WienAustria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue RegenerationAustria
| | - Uwe Monkowius
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryJohannes Kepler University LinzAltenberger Strasse 694040LinzAustria
- Linz School of EducationJohannes Kepler Universität LinzAustria
| | - Ian Teasdale
- Institute of Polymer ChemistryJohannes Kepler University LinzAltenberger Strasse 694040LinzAustria
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Pradhan S, Keller KA, Sperduto JL, Slater JH. Fundamentals of Laser-Based Hydrogel Degradation and Applications in Cell and Tissue Engineering. Adv Healthc Mater 2017; 6:10.1002/adhm.201700681. [PMID: 29065249 PMCID: PMC5797692 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201700681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The cell and tissue engineering fields have profited immensely through the implementation of highly structured biomaterials. The development and implementation of advanced biofabrication techniques have established new avenues for generating biomimetic scaffolds for a multitude of cell and tissue engineering applications. Among these, laser-based degradation of biomaterials is implemented to achieve user-directed features and functionalities within biomimetic scaffolds. This review offers an overview of the physical mechanisms that govern laser-material interactions and specifically, laser-hydrogel interactions. The influences of both laser and material properties on efficient, high-resolution hydrogel degradation are discussed and the current application space in cell and tissue engineering is reviewed. This review aims to acquaint readers with the capability and uses of laser-based degradation of biomaterials, so that it may be easily and widely adopted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shantanu Pradhan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, 161 Colburn Lab, Newark DE 19716, USA
| | - Keely A. Keller
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, 161 Colburn Lab, Newark DE 19716, USA
| | - John L. Sperduto
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, 161 Colburn Lab, Newark DE 19716, USA
| | - John H. Slater
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, 161 Colburn Lab, Newark DE 19716, USA
- Delaware Biotechnology Institute, 15 Innovation Way, Newark, DE 19711, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, 201 DuPont Hall, Newark, DE 19716, USA
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36
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Theis S, Iturmendi A, Gorsche C, Orthofer M, Lunzer M, Baudis S, Ovsianikov A, Liska R, Monkowius U, Teasdale I. Durch sichtbares Licht und Nahinfrarotstrahlung abbaubare supramolekulare Metallo-Gele. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201707321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Theis
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Johannes Kepler Universität Linz; Altenberger Straße 69 4040 Linz Österreich
| | - Aitziber Iturmendi
- Institut für Polymerchemie; Johannes Kepler Universität Linz; Altenberger Straße 69 4040 Linz Österreich
| | - Christian Gorsche
- Institut für Angewandte Synthesechemie der; Technischen Universität Wien; Österreich
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration; Österreich
| | - Marco Orthofer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Johannes Kepler Universität Linz; Altenberger Straße 69 4040 Linz Österreich
| | - Markus Lunzer
- Institut für Angewandte Synthesechemie der; Technischen Universität Wien; Österreich
- Institut für Werkstoffwissenschaften und Werkstofftechnologie der; Technischen Universität Wien; Österreich
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration; Österreich
| | - Stefan Baudis
- Institut für Angewandte Synthesechemie der; Technischen Universität Wien; Österreich
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration; Österreich
| | - Aleksandr Ovsianikov
- Institut für Werkstoffwissenschaften und Werkstofftechnologie der; Technischen Universität Wien; Österreich
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration; Österreich
| | - Robert Liska
- Institut für Angewandte Synthesechemie der; Technischen Universität Wien; Österreich
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration; Österreich
| | - Uwe Monkowius
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Johannes Kepler Universität Linz; Altenberger Straße 69 4040 Linz Österreich
- Linz School of Education der Johannes Kepler Universität Linz; Österreich
| | - Ian Teasdale
- Institut für Polymerchemie; Johannes Kepler Universität Linz; Altenberger Straße 69 4040 Linz Österreich
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37
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Prigipaki A, Papanikolopoulou K, Mossou E, Mitchell EP, Forsyth VT, Selimis A, Ranella A, Mitraki A. Laser processing of protein films as a method for accomplishment of cell patterning at the microscale. Biofabrication 2017; 9:045004. [PMID: 28837041 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/aa8859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we propose a photostructuring approach for protein films based on a treatment with nanosecond pulses of a KrF excimer laser. As a model protein we used an amyloid fibril-forming protein. Laser treatment induced a foaming of the sample surface exhibiting an interconnected fibrous mesh with a high degree of control and precision. The surface foaming was well characterized by scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, laser induced fluorescence and contact angle measurements. The laser irradiated areas of the protein films acquired new morphological and physicochemical properties that could be exploited to fulfill unmet challenges in the tissue engineering field. In this context we subsequently evaluated the response of NIH/3T3 fibroblast cell line on the processed film. Our results show a strong and statistically significant preference for adhesion and proliferation of cells on the irradiated areas compared to the non-irradiated ones. We propose that this strategy can be followed to induce selective cell patterning on protein films at the microscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariadne Prigipaki
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, 710 03 Heraklion, Crete, Greece. Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH), PO Box 527, Vassilika Vouton, 711 10 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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Ma J, Li C, Huang N, Wang X, Tong M, Ngan AHW, Chan BP. Multiphoton Fabrication of Fibronectin-Functionalized Protein Micropatterns: Stiffness-Induced Maturation of Cell-Matrix Adhesions in Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:29469-29480. [PMID: 28809529 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b07064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cell-matrix adhesions are important structures governing the interactions between cells and their microenvironment at the cell-matrix interface. The focal complex (FC) and focal adhesion (FA) have been substantially investigated in conventional planar culture systems using fibroblasts as an in vitro model. However, the formation of more mature types of cell-matrix adhesion in human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), including fibrillar adhesion (FBA) and 3D matrix adhesion (3DMA), have not been fully elucidated. Here we investigate the niche factor(s) that influence(s) the maturation of FBA and 3DMA by using multiphoton fabrication-based micropatterning. First, the bovine serum albumin (BSA)-made protein micropatterns were functionalized by incorporating various concentrations of fibronectin (FN) in fabrication solution. The amount of cross-linked FN is positively correlated with the initial concentration of FN in the reaction liquid, as verified by immunofluorescence staining. On the other hand, the anisotropic FN-functionalized micropatterns were fabricated by varying the length (i.e., in-plane stiffness) and height (i.e., bending stiffness) of micropatterns, respectively. Finally, hMSCs were cultured on these micropatterns for 2 h and 1 day to determine the formation of FBA and 3DMA, respectively, using immunofluorescence staining. Results demonstrated that FN-functionalized micropatterns with high anisotropy in x-y dimension benefit FBA maturation. Furthermore, niche factors such as higher bending and in-plane stiffness and the presence of abundant fibronectin have a positive effect on the maturation of FN-based cell-matrix adhesion. These findings could provide some new perspectives on designing platforms for further cell niche study and rationalizing scaffold design for tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaoni Ma
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering and ‡Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Chuenwai Li
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering and ‡Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Nan Huang
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering and ‡Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Xinna Wang
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering and ‡Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Minghui Tong
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering and ‡Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Alfonso H W Ngan
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering and ‡Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Barbara P Chan
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering and ‡Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
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39
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Turunen S, Joki T, Hiltunen ML, Ihalainen TO, Narkilahti S, Kellomäki M. Direct Laser Writing of Tubular Microtowers for 3D Culture of Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Neuronal Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:25717-25730. [PMID: 28697300 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b05536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
As the complex structure of nervous tissue cannot be mimicked in two-dimensional (2D) cultures, the development of three-dimensional (3D) neuronal cell culture platforms is a topical issue in the field of neuroscience and neural tissue engineering. Computer-assisted laser-based fabrication techniques such as direct laser writing by two-photon polymerization (2PP-DLW) offer a versatile tool to fabricate 3D cell culture platforms with highly ordered geometries in the size scale of natural 3D cell environments. In this study, we present the design and 2PP-DLW fabrication process of a novel 3D neuronal cell culture platform based on tubular microtowers. The platform facilitates efficient long-term 3D culturing of human neuronal cells and supports neurite orientation and 3D network formation. Microtower designs both with or without intraluminal guidance cues and/or openings in the tower wall are designed and successfully fabricated from Ormocomp. Three of the microtower designs are chosen for the final culture platform: a design with openings in the wall and intralumial guidance cues (webs and pillars), a design with openings but without intraluminal structures, and a plain cylinder design. The proposed culture platform offers a promising concept for future 3D cultures in the field of neuroscience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanna Turunen
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Group, BioMediTech and Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Tampere University of Technology , Korkeakoulunkatu 3, 33720 Tampere, Finland
| | - Tiina Joki
- NeuroGroup, BioMediTech and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere , Lääkärinkatu 1, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Maiju L Hiltunen
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Group, BioMediTech and Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Tampere University of Technology , Korkeakoulunkatu 3, 33720 Tampere, Finland
| | - Teemu O Ihalainen
- NeuroGroup, BioMediTech and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere , Lääkärinkatu 1, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Susanna Narkilahti
- NeuroGroup, BioMediTech and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere , Lääkärinkatu 1, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Minna Kellomäki
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Group, BioMediTech and Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Tampere University of Technology , Korkeakoulunkatu 3, 33720 Tampere, Finland
- BioMediTech and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere , Lääkärinkatu 1, 33520 Tampere, Finland
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41
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Gorsche C, Harikrishna R, Baudis S, Knaack P, Husar B, Laeuger J, Hoffmann H, Liska R. Real Time-NIR/MIR-Photorheology: A Versatile Tool for the in Situ Characterization of Photopolymerization Reactions. Anal Chem 2017; 89:4958-4968. [PMID: 28383904 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b00272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In photopolymerization reactions, mostly multifunctional monomers are employed, as they ensure fast reaction times and good final mechanical properties of the cured materials. Drawing conclusions about the influence of the components and curing conditions on the mechanical properties of the subsequently formed insoluble networks is challenging. Therefore, an in situ observation of chemical and mechanical characteristics during the photopolymerization reaction is desired. By coupling of an infrared spectrometer with a photorheometer, a broad spectrum of different photopolymerizable formulations can be analyzed during the curing reaction. The rheological information (i.e., time to gelation, final modulus, shrinkage force) can be derived from a parallel plate rheometer equipped with a UV- and IR-translucent window (glass for NIR and CaF2 window for MIR). Chemical information (i.e., conversion at the gel point and final conversion) is gained by monitoring the decrease of the corresponding IR-peak for the reactive monomer unit (e.g., C═C double bond peak for (meth)acrylates, H-S thiol and C═C double bond peak in thiol-ene systems, C-O epoxy peak for epoxy resins). Depending on the relative concentration of reactive functional groups in the sample volume and the intensity of the IR signal, the conversion can be monitored in the near-infrared region (e.g., acrylate double bonds, epoxy groups) or the MIR region (e.g., thiol signal). Moreover, an integrated Peltier element and external heating hood enable the characterization of photopolymerization reactions at elevated temperatures, which also widens the window of application to resins that are waxy or solid at ambient conditions. By switching from water to heavy water, the chemical conversion during photopolymerization of hydrogel precursor formulations can also be examined. Moreover, this device could also represent an analytical tool for a variety of thermally and redox initiated systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Gorsche
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry , Technische Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/163 MC, 1060 Vienna, Austria.,Christian-Doppler-Laboratory for Photopolymers in Digital and Restorative Dentistry , Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Reghunathan Harikrishna
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry , Technische Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/163 MC, 1060 Vienna, Austria.,Christian-Doppler-Laboratory for Photopolymers in Digital and Restorative Dentistry , Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Baudis
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry , Technische Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/163 MC, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Patrick Knaack
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry , Technische Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/163 MC, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Branislav Husar
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry , Technische Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/163 MC, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Joerg Laeuger
- Anton Paar Germany GmbH , Helmuth-Hirth-Strasse 6, D-73760 Ostfildern, Germany
| | - Helmuth Hoffmann
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry , Technische Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/163 MC, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Robert Liska
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry , Technische Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/163 MC, 1060 Vienna, Austria.,Christian-Doppler-Laboratory for Photopolymers in Digital and Restorative Dentistry , Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
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Fricain JC, De Olivera H, Devillard R, Kalisky J, Remy M, Kériquel V, Le Nihounen D, Grémare A, Guduric V, Plaud A, L'Heureux N, Amédée J, Catros S. [3D bioprinting in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering]. Med Sci (Paris) 2017; 33:52-59. [PMID: 28120756 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/20173301009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Additive manufacturing covers a number of fashionable technologies that attract the interest of researchers in biomaterials and tissue engineering. Additive manufacturing applied to regenerative medicine covers two main areas: 3D printing and biofabrication. If 3D printing has penetrated the world of regenerative medicine, bioassembly and bioimprinting are still in their infancy. The objective of this paper is to make a non-exhaustive review of these different complementary aspects of additive manufacturing in restorative and regenerative medicine or for tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hugo De Olivera
- Inserm U1026, université de Bordeaux, 146, rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - Raphaël Devillard
- Inserm U1026, université de Bordeaux, 146, rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - Jérome Kalisky
- Inserm U1026, université de Bordeaux, 146, rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - Murielle Remy
- Inserm U1026, université de Bordeaux, 146, rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - Virginie Kériquel
- Inserm U1026, université de Bordeaux, 146, rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - Damien Le Nihounen
- Inserm U1026, université de Bordeaux, 146, rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - Agathe Grémare
- Inserm U1026, université de Bordeaux, 146, rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - Vera Guduric
- Inserm U1026, université de Bordeaux, 146, rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - Alexis Plaud
- Inserm U1026, université de Bordeaux, 146, rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - Nicolas L'Heureux
- Inserm U1026, université de Bordeaux, 146, rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - Joëlle Amédée
- Inserm U1026, université de Bordeaux, 146, rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - Sylvain Catros
- Inserm U1026, université de Bordeaux, 146, rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France
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Tromayer M, Gruber P, Markovic M, Rosspeintner A, Vauthey E, Redl H, Ovsianikov A, Liska R. A biocompatible macromolecular two-photon initiator based on hyaluronan. Polym Chem 2017; 8:451-460. [PMID: 28261331 PMCID: PMC5310395 DOI: 10.1039/c6py01787h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The possibility of the direct encapsulation of living cells via two-photon induced photopolymerization enables the microfabrication of hydrogel scaffolds with high initial cell loadings and intimate matrix-cell contact. While highly efficient water-soluble two-photon initiators based on benzylidene ketone dyes have been developed, they exhibit considerable cyto- and phototoxicity. To address the problem of photoinitiator migration from the extracellular matrix into the cytosol, a two-photon initiator bound to a polymeric hyaluronan backbone (HAPI) was synthesized in this work. HAPI exhibited a distinct improvement of cytocompatibility compared to a reference two-photon initiator. Basic photophysical investigations were performed to characterize the absorption and fluorescence behavior of HAPI. Laser scanning microscopy was used to visualize and confirm the hindered transmembrane migration behavior of HAPI. The performance of HAPI was tested in two-photon polymerization at exceedingly high printing speeds of 100 mm s-1 producing gelatin-based complex 3D hydrogel scaffolds with a water content of 85%. The photodamage of the structuring process was low and viable MC3T3 cells embedded in the gel were monitored for several days after structuring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Tromayer
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry , TU Wien (Technische Universitaet Wien) , Getreidemarkt 9/163/MC , 1060 Vienna , Austria ; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration , Austria
| | - Peter Gruber
- Institute of Materials Science and Technology , TU Wien (Technische Universitaet Wien) , Getreidemarkt 9/308 , 1060 Vienna , Austria ; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration , Austria
| | - Marica Markovic
- Institute of Materials Science and Technology , TU Wien (Technische Universitaet Wien) , Getreidemarkt 9/308 , 1060 Vienna , Austria ; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration , Austria
| | - Arnulf Rosspeintner
- Physical Chemistry Department , Sciences II , University of Geneva , 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet , CH-1211 Geneva 4 , Switzerland
| | - Eric Vauthey
- Physical Chemistry Department , Sciences II , University of Geneva , 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet , CH-1211 Geneva 4 , Switzerland
| | - Heinz Redl
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute - Experimental and Clinical Traumatology , Donaueschingenstraße 13 , 1200 Vienna , Austria ; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration , Austria
| | - Aleksandr Ovsianikov
- Institute of Materials Science and Technology , TU Wien (Technische Universitaet Wien) , Getreidemarkt 9/308 , 1060 Vienna , Austria ; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration , Austria
| | - Robert Liska
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry , TU Wien (Technische Universitaet Wien) , Getreidemarkt 9/163/MC , 1060 Vienna , Austria ; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration , Austria
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44
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Scaling-Up Techniques for the Nanofabrication of Cell Culture Substrates via Two-Photon Polymerization for Industrial-Scale Expansion of Stem Cells. MATERIALS 2017; 10:ma10010066. [PMID: 28772424 PMCID: PMC5344595 DOI: 10.3390/ma10010066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Stem-cell-based therapies require a high number (106–109) of cells, therefore in vitro expansion is needed because of the initially low amount of stem cells obtainable from human tissues. Standard protocols for stem cell expansion are currently based on chemically-defined culture media and animal-derived feeder-cell layers, which expose cells to additives and to xenogeneic compounds, resulting in potential issues when used in clinics. The two-photon laser polymerization technique enables three-dimensional micro-structures to be fabricated, which we named synthetic nichoids. Here we review our activity on the technological improvements in manufacturing biomimetic synthetic nichoids and, in particular on the optimization of the laser-material interaction to increase the patterned area and the percentage of cell culture surface covered by such synthetic nichoids, from a low initial value of 10% up to 88% with an optimized micromachining time. These results establish two-photon laser polymerization as a promising tool to fabricate substrates for stem cell expansion, without any chemical supplement and in feeder-free conditions for potential therapeutic uses.
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Nava MM, Zandrini T, Cerullo G, Osellame R, Raimondi MT. 3D Stem Cell Niche Engineering via Two-Photon Laser Polymerization. Methods Mol Biol 2017. [PMID: 28634949 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7021-6_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A strategy to modulate the behavior of stem cells in culture is to mimic structural aspects of the native cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interaction. An important example of such artificial microenvironments for stem cell culture is the so-called "synthetic niche." Synthetic niches can be defined as polymeric culture systems mimicking at least one aspect of the interactions between stem cells and the extracellular surroundings, including biochemical factors (e.g., the delivery of soluble factors) and/or biophysical factors (e.g., the microarchitecture of the ECM). Most of the currently available approaches for scaffold fabrication, based on self-assembly methods, do not allow for a submicrometer control of the geometrical structure of the substrate, which might play a crucial role in stem cell fate determination. A novel technology that overcomes these limitations is laser two-photon polymerization (2PP). Femtosecond laser 2PP is a mask-less direct laser writing technique that allows manufacturing three dimensional arbitrary microarchitectures using photosensitive materials. Here, we report on the development of an innovative culture substrate, called the "nichoid," microfabricated in a hybrid organic-inorganic photoresist called SZ2080, to study mesenchymal stem cell mechanobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele M Nava
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, 32 piazza Leonardo da Vinci, Milano, Italy.
| | - Tommaso Zandrini
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie (IFN)-CNR and Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, 32 piazza Leonardo da Vinci, Milano, Italy
| | - Giulio Cerullo
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie (IFN)-CNR and Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, 32 piazza Leonardo da Vinci, Milano, Italy
| | - Roberto Osellame
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie (IFN)-CNR and Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, 32 piazza Leonardo da Vinci, Milano, Italy
| | - Manuela T Raimondi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, 32 piazza Leonardo da Vinci, Milano, Italy
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Silva KR, Rezende RA, Pereira FDAS, Gruber P, Stuart MP, Ovsianikov A, Brakke K, Kasyanov V, da Silva JVL, Granjeiro JM, Baptista LS, Mironov V. Delivery of Human Adipose Stem Cells Spheroids into Lockyballs. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166073. [PMID: 27829016 PMCID: PMC5102388 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose stem cells (ASCs) spheroids show enhanced regenerative effects compared to single cells. Also, spheroids have been recently introduced as building blocks in directed self-assembly strategy. Recent efforts aim to improve long-term cell retention and integration by the use of microencapsulation delivery systems that can rapidly integrate in the implantation site. Interlockable solid synthetic microscaffolds, so called lockyballs, were recently designed with hooks and loops to enhance cell retention and integration at the implantation site as well as to support spheroids aggregation after transplantation. Here we present an efficient methodology for human ASCs spheroids biofabrication and lockyballs cellularization using micro-molded non-adhesive agarose hydrogel. Lockyballs were produced using two-photon polymerization with an estimated mechanical strength. The Young’s modulus was calculated at level 0.1362 +/-0.009 MPa. Interlocking in vitro test demonstrates high level of loading induced interlockability of fabricated lockyballs. Diameter measurements and elongation coefficient calculation revealed that human ASCs spheroids biofabricated in resections of micro-molded non-adhesive hydrogel had a more regular size distribution and shape than spheroids biofabricated in hanging drops. Cellularization of lockyballs using human ASCs spheroids did not alter the level of cells viability (p › 0,999) and gene fold expression for SOX-9 and RUNX2 (p › 0,195). The biofabrication of ASCs spheroids into lockyballs represents an innovative strategy in regenerative medicine, which combines solid scaffold-based and directed self-assembly approaches, fostering opportunities for rapid in situ biofabrication of 3D building-blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina R. Silva
- Laboratory of Tissue Bioengineering, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (Inmetro), Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Nucleus of Multidisciplinary Research in Biology (Numpex-Bio), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro-Xerém, Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo A. Rezende
- Division of 3D Technologies, Renato Archer Center for Information Technology (CTI), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Frederico D. A. S. Pereira
- Division of 3D Technologies, Renato Archer Center for Information Technology (CTI), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Peter Gruber
- Institute of Materials Science and Technology, TU Wien (Technische Universität Wien), Vienna, Austria
| | - Mellannie P. Stuart
- Laboratory of Tissue Bioengineering, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (Inmetro), Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Aleksandr Ovsianikov
- Institute of Materials Science and Technology, TU Wien (Technische Universität Wien), Vienna, Austria
| | - Ken Brakke
- Mathematics Department, Susquehanna University, Selinsgrove, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Vladimir Kasyanov
- Riga Stradins University and Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Jorge V. L. da Silva
- Division of 3D Technologies, Renato Archer Center for Information Technology (CTI), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José M. Granjeiro
- Laboratory of Tissue Bioengineering, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (Inmetro), Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leandra S. Baptista
- Laboratory of Tissue Bioengineering, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (Inmetro), Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Nucleus of Multidisciplinary Research in Biology (Numpex-Bio), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro-Xerém, Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- * E-mail: (LSB); (VM)
| | - Vladimir Mironov
- Laboratory of Tissue Bioengineering, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (Inmetro), Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Division of 3D Technologies, Renato Archer Center for Information Technology (CTI), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail: (LSB); (VM)
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Hölzl K, Lin S, Tytgat L, Van Vlierberghe S, Gu L, Ovsianikov A. Bioink properties before, during and after 3D bioprinting. Biofabrication 2016; 8:032002. [PMID: 27658612 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/8/3/032002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 537] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bioprinting is a process based on additive manufacturing from materials containing living cells. These materials, often referred to as bioink, are based on cytocompatible hydrogel precursor formulations, which gel in a manner compatible with different bioprinting approaches. The bioink properties before, during and after gelation are essential for its printability, comprising such features as achievable structural resolution, shape fidelity and cell survival. However, it is the final properties of the matured bioprinted tissue construct that are crucial for the end application. During tissue formation these properties are influenced by the amount of cells present in the construct, their proliferation, migration and interaction with the material. A calibrated computational framework is able to predict the tissue development and maturation and to optimize the bioprinting input parameters such as the starting material, the initial cell loading and the construct geometry. In this contribution relevant bioink properties are reviewed and discussed on the example of most popular bioprinting approaches. The effect of cells on hydrogel processing and vice versa is highlighted. Furthermore, numerical approaches were reviewed and implemented for depicting the cellular mechanics within the hydrogel as well as for prediction of mechanical properties to achieve the desired hydrogel construct considering cell density, distribution and material-cell interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Hölzl
- Institute of Materials Science and Technology, Technical University Vienna, Austria. Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Austria
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Nava MM, Piuma A, Figliuzzi M, Cattaneo I, Bonandrini B, Zandrini T, Cerullo G, Osellame R, Remuzzi A, Raimondi MT. Two-photon polymerized "nichoid" substrates maintain function of pluripotent stem cells when expanded under feeder-free conditions. Stem Cell Res Ther 2016; 7:132. [PMID: 27613598 PMCID: PMC5016857 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-016-0387-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The use of pluripotent cells in stem cell therapy has major limitations, mainly related to the high costs and risks of exogenous conditioning and the use of feeder layers during cell expansion passages. Methods We developed an innovative three-dimensional culture substrate made of “nichoid” microstructures, nanoengineered via two-photon laser polymerization. The nichoids limit the dimension of the adhering embryoid bodies during expansion, by counteracting cell migration between adjacent units of the substrate by its microarchitecture. We expanded mouse embryonic stem cells on the nichoid for 2 weeks. We compared the expression of pluripotency and differentiation markers induced in cells with that induced by flat substrates and by a culture layer made of kidney-derived extracellular matrix. Results The nichoid was found to be the only substrate, among those tested, that maintained the expression of the OCT4 pluripotency marker switched on and, simultaneously, the expression of the differentiation markers GATA4 and α-SMA switched off. The nichoid promotes pluripotency maintenance of embryonic stem cells during expansion, in the absence of a feeder layer and exogenous conditioning factors, such as the leukocyte inhibitory factor. Conclusions We hypothesized that the nichoid microstructures induce a genetic reprogramming of cells by controlling their cytoskeletal tension. Further studies are necessary to understand the exact mechanism by which the physical constraint provided by the nichoid architecture is responsible for cell reprogramming. The nichoid may help elucidate mechanisms of pluripotency maintenance, while potentially cutting the costs and risks of both feed-conditioning and exogenous conditioning for industrial-scale expansion of stem cells. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13287-016-0387-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele M Nava
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, 32, piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| | - Alessio Piuma
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, 32, piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Marina Figliuzzi
- IRCCS Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Bergamo, Italy
| | - Irene Cattaneo
- IRCCS Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Bergamo, Italy
| | | | - Tommaso Zandrini
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie (IFN) - CNR and Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulio Cerullo
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie (IFN) - CNR and Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Osellame
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie (IFN) - CNR and Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Remuzzi
- Department of Management, Information and Production Engineering, University of Bergamo, Dalmine, Italy
| | - Manuela T Raimondi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, 32, piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 20133, Milan, Italy
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Nava MM, Di Maggio N, Zandrini T, Cerullo G, Osellame R, Martin I, Raimondi MT. Synthetic niche substrates engineered via two-photon laser polymerization for the expansion of human mesenchymal stromal cells. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2016; 11:2836-2845. [PMID: 27296669 PMCID: PMC5697673 DOI: 10.1002/term.2187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The present study reports on the development of an innovative culture substrate, micro-fabricated by two-photon laser polymerization (2PP) in a hybrid organic-inorganic photoresin. It was previously demonstrated that this substrate is able to guide spontaneous homing and colonization of mesenchymal stromal cells by the presence of synthetic microniches. Here, the number of niches covering the culture substrate was increased up to 10% of the total surface. Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells were expanded for 3 weeks and then their proliferation, clonogenic capacity and bilineage differentiation potential towards the osteogenic and adipogenic lineage were evaluated, both by colorimetric assays and by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Compared with cells cultured on glass substrates, cells expanded on 2PP substrates showed a greater colony diameter, which is an index of clonogenic potential. Following medium conditioning on 2PP-cultured cells, the expression of RUNX2 and BSP genes, as well as PPAR-gamma, was significantly greater than that measured on glass controls. Thus, human cells expanded on the synthetic niche substrate maintained their proliferative potential, clonogenic capacity and bilineage differentiation potential more effectively than cells expanded on glass substrates and in some aspects were comparable to non-expanded cells. © 2016 The Authors Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele M Nava
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering 'Giulio Natta', Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Nunzia Di Maggio
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tommaso Zandrini
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie - CNR and Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Giulio Cerullo
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie - CNR and Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Roberto Osellame
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie - CNR and Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Ivan Martin
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Manuela T Raimondi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering 'Giulio Natta', Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
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Jonušauskas L, Lau M, Gruber P, Gökce B, Barcikowski S, Malinauskas M, Ovsianikov A. Plasmon assisted 3D microstructuring of gold nanoparticle-doped polymers. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 27:154001. [PMID: 26925538 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/27/15/154001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
3D laser lithography of a negative photopolymer (zirconium/silicon hybrid solgel SZ2080) doped with gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) is performed with a 515 nm and 300 fs laser system and the effect of doping is explored. By varying the laser-generated Au NP doping concentration from 4.8 · 10(-6) wt% to 9.8 · 10(-3) wt% we find that the fabricated line widths are enlarged by up to 14.8% compared to structures achieved in pure SZ2080. While implicating a positive effect on the photosensitivity, the doping has no adverse impact on the mechanical quality of intricate 3D microstructures produced from the doped nanocompound. Additionally, we found that SZ2080 increases the long term (∼months) colloidal stability of Au NPs in isopropanol. By discussing the nanoparticle-light interaction in the 3D polymer structures we provide implications that our findings might have on other fields, such as biomedicine and photonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linas Jonušauskas
- Department of Quantum Electronics, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio Ave. 9, Vilnius LT-10222, Lithuania
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