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Khalatbari Mohseni G, Hosseini SA, Majdinasab N, Cheraghian B. Effects of N-acetylcysteine on oxidative stress biomarkers, depression, and anxiety symptoms in patients with multiple sclerosis. Neuropsychopharmacol Rep 2023; 43:382-390. [PMID: 37386885 PMCID: PMC10496087 DOI: 10.1002/npr2.12360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a thiol-containing antioxidant and glutathione (GSH) precursor, attenuates oxidative stress, and possibly improves psychiatric disorders. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of oral NAC on oxidative stress, depression, and anxiety symptoms in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). METHODS This clinical trial was conducted on 42 MS patients randomly assigned to intervention (n = 21) and control (n = 21) groups. The intervention group received 600 mg of NAC twice daily for 8 weeks, and the control group received a placebo with the same prescription form. An analysis of serum malondialdehyde (MDA), serum nitric oxide (NO), and erythrocyte GSH was carried out on both groups, along with a complete blood count. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was used to assess symptoms of depression (HADS-D) and anxiety (HADS-A). RESULTS Compared to the control group, NAC consumption significantly decreased serum MDA concentrations (-0.33 [-5.85-2.50] vs. 2.75 [-0.25-5.22] μmol/L; p = 0.03) and HADS-A scores (-1.6 ± 2.67 vs. 0.33 ± 2.83; p = 0.02). No significant changes were observed in serum NO concentrations, erythrocyte GSH levels, and HADS-D scores (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Based on the findings of the present study, NAC supplementation for 8 weeks decreased lipid peroxidation and improved anxiety symptoms in MS patients. The aforementioned results suggest that adjunctive therapy with NAC can be considered an effective strategy for MS management. Further randomized controlled studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golsa Khalatbari Mohseni
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research CenterAhvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesAhvazIran
- Department of Nutrition, School of Allied Medical SciencesAhvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesAhvazIran
| | - Seyed Ahmad Hosseini
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research CenterAhvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesAhvazIran
- Department of Nutrition, School of Allied Medical SciencesAhvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesAhvazIran
| | - Nastaran Majdinasab
- Department of Neurology, School of MedicineAhvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesAhvazIran
| | - Bahman Cheraghian
- Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public HealthAhvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesAhvazIran
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Elliott-Wherry AN, Lee JE, Pearlman AM, Wahls TL. The Wahls Behavior Change Model for Complex Chronic Diseases: A Clinician's Guide. Degener Neurol Neuromuscul Dis 2022; 12:111-125. [PMID: 36110247 PMCID: PMC9469801 DOI: 10.2147/dnnd.s370173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Behavior change models are used to understand and intervene on health-related behaviors and outcomes. However, there is a gap in the literature regarding how to create and maintain behavior change in patients with complex chronic diseases such as Multiple Sclerosis (MS). To address this gap, the Wahls Behavior ChangeTM Model (WBCM) (The trademark applies to subsequent mention of the model.) was developed based on existing behavior change theory, empirical evidence, and extensive clinical experience caring for patients with complex chronic diseases. A patient-centered, comprehensive, and multimodal approach, this model provides a framework for understanding and implementing lifestyle behavior change. The overall goals of this paper are to: (1) review existing behavior change theories; (2) introduce the WBCM, including the model's 11 Principles for behavior change in patients with complex chronic diseases; and (3) share how providers can be trained to implement the WBCM. The WBCM can potentially improve short- and longer-term function and quality of life outcomes for people with complex chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaina N Elliott-Wherry
- Department of Community and Behavioral Health, University of Iowa College of Public Health, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Jennifer E Lee
- College of Nursing, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Amy M Pearlman
- Department of Urology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Terry L Wahls
- Department of Internal Medicine-General Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
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Huang WC, Lin HC, Yang YH, Hsu CW, Chen NC, Tsai WC, Cheng BC, Tsai NW. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio are associated with a 2-year relapse in patients with multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2022; 58:103514. [PMID: 35032880 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2022.103514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between increased neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and multiple sclerosis has been demonstrated in several studies. The monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR) is an emerging biomarker for disease monitoring. Moreover, there has not been a published Taiwanese study to date. AIM To investigate the correlation of NLR, MLR and white blood cell (WBC) count as possible biomarkers for predicting a 2-year relapse in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 641 Taiwanese patients with MS were enrolled in the present study between January 1, 2001, and December 31, 2018. We collected data on NLR, MLR, WBC count, disease-modifying therapy (DMT) use, and the time between first diagnosis and first relapse in all patients within a 2-year duration. RESULTS In the relapse group, there were significantly more patients with NLR >median or MLR >median (p = 0.006 and p = 0.020, respectively). There were also more patients with WBC count >median, although the difference was not statically significant (p = 0.069). The adjusted hazard ratio for relapse and NLR >median was 1.61(p = 0.008). The adjusted hazard ratio for relapse and MLR >median was 1.43 (p = 0.044). Patients with NLR >median or MLR >median had a significantly (p = 0.008 and p = 0.039, respectively) increased risk of MS relapse in the 2 years, compared with those who had NLR <median or MLR <median. CONCLUSION NLR and MLR are widely available, fast and measurable inflammatory markers for predicting the relapse risk of MS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chin Huang
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Chen Lin
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Hsu Yang
- Health Information and Epidemiology Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi County, Taiwan; Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi County, Taiwan; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Che-Wei Hsu
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Ching Chen
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Chen Tsai
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ben-Chung Cheng
- Department of Nephrology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Wen Tsai
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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A proinflammatory diet is associated with an increased likelihood of first clinical diagnosis of central nervous system demyelination in women. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2021; 57:103428. [PMID: 34856497 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2021.103428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While a number of studies have examined associations between dietary factors and risk of multiple sclerosis (MS), little is known about intakes of inflammation-modulating foods and nutrients and risk of MS. OBJECTIVES To test associations between the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII®) and risk of a first clinical diagnosis of central nervous system (CNS) demyelination (FCD) (267 cases, 507 controls) using data from the Ausimmune Study. METHODS The 2003-2006 Ausimmune Study was a multicentre, matched, case-control study examining environmental risk factors for an FCD, a common precursor to MS. The DII is a well-recognised tool that categorises individuals' diets on a continuum from maximally anti-inflammatory to maximally pro-inflammatory. The DII score was calculated from dietary intake data collected using a food frequency questionnaire. Conditional logistic regression models were used to estimate the association between DII and FCD separately for men and women. RESULTS In women, a higher DII score was associated with increased likelihood of FCD, with a 17% increase in likelihood of FCD per one-unit increase in DII score (adjusted odds ratio 1.17, 95% confidence interval 1.04-1.33). There was no association between DII and FCD in men (adjusted odds ratio 0.88, 95% confidence interval 0.73-1.07). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that a pro-inflammatory diet is associated with an increased likelihood of FCD in women.
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Tang C, Li QR, Mao YM, Xia YR, Guo HS, Wang JP, Shuai ZW, Ye DQ. Association between ambient air pollution and multiple sclerosis: a systemic review and meta-analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:58142-58153. [PMID: 34109523 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14577-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Recently, increasing attention has been paid to the effects of air pollutants on autoimmune diseases. The results of relationship between ambient air pollution and multiple sclerosis (MS) showed a variety of differences. Thus, the purpose of this study is to further clarify and quantify the relationship between ambient air pollutants and MS through meta-analysis. Through electronic literature search, literature related to our research topic was collected in Cochrane Library, Embase, and PubMed till August 18, 2020, according to certain criteria. Pooled risk estimate and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were calculated by random-effect model analysis. After removing copies, browsing titles and abstracts, and reading full text, 6 studies were finally included. The results showed that only particulate matter (PM) with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 10 (PM10) was related to MS (pooled HR = 1.058, 95% CI = 1.050-1.066), and no correlation was found between PM with aerodynamic diameter < 2.5 (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO), ozone (O3), benzene (C6H6), major road < 50 m, and MS. There was no publication bias, and the heterogeneity analysis results were stable. PM10 is correlated with the disease MS, while other pollution is not connected with MS. Therefore, it is important for MS patients to take personal protection against particulate pollution and avoid exposure to higher levels of PM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Tang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Province Laboratory of Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Qing-Ru Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Province Laboratory of Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Yan-Mei Mao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Province Laboratory of Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Yuan-Rui Xia
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Province Laboratory of Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Heng-Sheng Guo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Province Laboratory of Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Jun-Ping Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Province Laboratory of Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Zong-Wen Shuai
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China.
| | - Dong-Qing Ye
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Province Laboratory of Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
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Zarghami A, Li Y, Claflin SB, van der Mei I, Taylor BV. Role of environmental factors in multiple sclerosis. Expert Rev Neurother 2021; 21:1389-1408. [PMID: 34494502 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2021.1978843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Environmental factors play a significant role in the pathogenesis and progression of multiple sclerosis (MS), either acting alone or by interacting with other environmental or genetic factors. This cumulative exposure to external risk factors is highly complex and highly variable between individuals. AREAS COVERED We narratively review the current evidence on the role of environment-specific risk factors in MS onset and progression, as well as the effect of gene-environment interactions and the timing of exposure We have reviewed the latest literature, by Ovid Medline, retrieving the most recently published systematic reviews and/or meta-analyses and more recent studies not previously included in meta-analyses or systematic reviews. EXPERT OPINION There is some good evidence supporting the impact of some environmental risk factors in increasing the risk of developing MS. Tobacco smoking, low vitamin D levels and/or low sun exposure, Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) seropositivity and a history of infectious mononucleosis may increase the risk of developing MS. Additionally, there is some evidence that gene-smoking, gene-EBV, and smoking-EBV interactions additively affect the risk of MS onset. However, the evidence for a role of other environmental factors in MS progression is limited. Finally, there is some evidence that tobacco smoking, insufficient vitamin D levels and/or sun exposure have impacts on MS phenotypes and various markers of disease activity including relapse, disability progression and MRI findings. Clearly the effect of environmental factors on MS disease course is an area that requires significantly more research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Zarghami
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Ying Li
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Suzi B Claflin
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Ingrid van der Mei
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Bruce V Taylor
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
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Yakhdani MF, Jalili M, Salehi-Abargouei A, Mirzaei M, Rahimdel A, Ebrahimi AA. Interaction of MS prevalence, radon gas concentration, and patient nutrition: a case-control study. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17906. [PMID: 34504114 PMCID: PMC8429741 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96816-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In general, ecological findings indicate a positive correlation between MS and the intake of certain foods. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between radon (Rn) gas concentration and nutrition of patients in food groups with MS. Demographic information, diet, and building characteristics were collected by a questionnaire. Indoors Rn gas was measured using CR-39 detectors. Three models were used in the study of food intake. The interaction analysis between MS prevalence, diet, residential building characteristics, and Rn gas content was performed using SPSS 2020. The total Rn was significantly associated with cooling devices (P = 0.021). Buildings > 20 years had higher Rn concentrations than buildings < 20 years (P = 0.038). Also, no significant relationship was found between Rn-total and MS concentrations, but the total Rn concentration was higher in people homes with MS. Case group used more processed meat than the control (P < 0.001). The case group consumed more butter than the control, which was significant in Model III (P < 0.04). Tomato consumption in the case group was significantly higher than the control (P < 0.03). According to the results there was no interaction between Rn gas concentration in any of the food groups in each cases. However, future studies with larger sample sizes will be needed prospectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monire Fallah Yakhdani
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Environmental Science and Technology Research Center, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mahrokh Jalili
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Environmental Science and Technology Research Center, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Amin Salehi-Abargouei
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Masuod Mirzaei
- Department of Epidemiology, Centre for Healthcare Data Modeling, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Abolghasem Rahimdel
- Department of Neurology, Shahid Sadoughi Hospital, Yazd University of Medical Science, Yazd, Iran
| | - Ali Asghar Ebrahimi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Environmental Science and Technology Research Center, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
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Noorimotlagh Z, Azizi M, Pan HF, Mami S, Mirzaee SA. Association between air pollution and Multiple Sclerosis: A systematic review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 196:110386. [PMID: 33129851 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution is a major public health threat. The present study is the first systematic review (SR) to determine the association of exposure to air pollution and Multiple Sclerosis (MS) Progression. A Literature search was carried out using relevant keywords within several international databases. A comprehensive literature search was carried out systematically and yielded 24 eligible studies concerning the relationship of exposure to air pollution including criteria air pollutants such as particulate matter, NOx and SOx, CO2, traffic noise, etc. and MS disease. The results of the included studies reveal that there was a significant relationship between exposure to air pollution and MS development and progression. Although the effect of air pollution in the pathogenesis of MS is notfully known, according to the results of the included studies exposure to polluted air can stimulate several mechanisms that act as risk factors for developing MS and for having disease relapses or neurological disability. The major potential mechanism is Dysimmune inflammatory responses subsequent oxidative stress (OS), which leads to neuroinflammation and breakdown of the normal balance between immunity and self-tolerance. Air pollutants induce and sustain chemical reactions that produce reactive oxygen species (ROSs) and nitrogen reactive species (RNSs) which can initiate inflammatory cascades via the redox-sensitive mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and NF-κB that recruit and activate neutrophils, monocytes, and dendritic cells that stimulate the adaptive immune responses such as Th1 and Th17 inflammatory responses. The uncontrolled inflammatory responses following these events cause cell death and the release of self-antigens capable of stimulating the production of auto-aggressive T-cells via enhancing antigen presentation and facilitate entry of these cells to the central nervous system. Thus, oxidative stress is the culprit in the systemic inflammation and immune imbalance development and progression, powerful risk factors in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Noorimotlagh
- Zoonotic Diseases Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Azizi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hai-Feng Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Sanaz Mami
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.
| | - Seyyed Abbas Mirzaee
- Zoonotic Diseases Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.
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Fahmi RM, Ramadan BM, Salah H, Elsaid AF, Shehta N. Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio as a marker for disability and activity in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2021; 51:102921. [PMID: 33839481 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2021.102921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is limited data regarding the association of Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) inflammatory marker with multiple sclerosis (MS) disability and activity. OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to evaluate validity of NLR as an inflammatory marker for MS disability and activity. METHODS A case-control study including 140 MS patients and 140 age, sex and body mass index matched healthy controls was performed. All participants were subjected to detailed history taking, complete general and neurological examination, laboratory and radiological investigations. Assessment of disease disability was performed using Expanded Disability Status Scale. RESULTS The NLR levels was significantly higher in MS patients compared to the controls and in patients with relapse compared to remission. Logistic regression analyses showed that NLR was significantly associated with disease disability (odds ratio (OR): 2.568; confidence interval (CI): 1.377 - 4.788; P: 0.003) and activity (OR: 3.603; CI: 2.086 - 6.226; P: 0.02). The cutoff value for the NLR to predict MS disability and activity was 3.12. CONCLUSION NLR was significantly increased in MS patients compared to controls. The significant association of NLR with MS disability and activity suggest that it could be utilized as a simple, rapid and inexpensive inflammatory marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha M Fahmi
- Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Sharkia, Egypt.
| | - Bothina M Ramadan
- Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Sharkia, Egypt
| | - Hanan Salah
- Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Sharkia, Egypt
| | - Ahmed F Elsaid
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Sharkia, Egypt
| | - Nahed Shehta
- Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Sharkia, Egypt
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Examination of Air Pollution’s Relationship with COVID-19, Physical and Mental Health. JOURNAL OF INTERDISCIPLINARY MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/jim-2020-0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Air pollution is a result of natural phenomena or human activities that can cause the release of harmful substances in the environment, leading to adverse health outcomes among living beings. Pollution is associated with adverse health impacts on multiple organ systems among humans. While the respiratory and cardiovascular systems are mainly affected, there are other health issues related to the eyes, skin, brain, blood, immunity, behavioral/mental well-being, and reproduction among exposed individuals. Air pollutants can especially have higher health impacts on people at the extremes of their ages (children and elderly) and on those suffering from underlying respiratory and heart issues. Pollutants such as ozone, sulfur dioxide, particulate matter, and nitrogen dioxide have respiratory effects among children and adults and are associated with increased respiratory diseases, asthma exacerbations, and related hospitalizations. Carbon monoxide interferes with transporting oxygen by forming carboxyhemoglobin leading to cardiovascular, neurological, and respiratory problems. Particulate matter is a heterogeneous mixture of tiny particles of varying compositions found in the atmosphere and has a wide variety of severe health effects. Particulate matter emits from combustion, diesel engines, power generation, and wood-burning, and certain industrial activities. Lead is considered neurotoxic and has more severe consequences among children. Here we summarize characteristics of six criteria air pollutants and associated air quality risk assessment parameters known as the Pollutant Standard Index (PSI). The present manuscript also examines the impact of air pollution on human behavior, mental well-being, and neurological health consequences, as air pollution has been associated with cognitive decline, hyperactivity, dementia, anxiety, depression, aggression, and Alzheimer’s disease-related changes. Lastly, we also attempt to look into any relationship between air pollutants and Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and examine its possible association with a higher COVID-19 incidence, complications, and mortality.
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11
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Luetic GG, Menichini ML, Deri N, Steinberg J, Carrá A, Cristiano E, Patrucco L, Curbelo MC, Rojas JI. High birth weight and risk of multiple sclerosis: A multicentre study in Argentina. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2020; 47:102628. [PMID: 33220566 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2020.102628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis (MS) is now recognized as a multifactorial disease in which genetic and environmental factors intervene. Considerable efforts have been made to identify external risk factors present in childhood, adolescence and youth, though only a few perinatal risk factors have been positively associated with MS. Previously, we found an association between high birth weight and MS in male patients in a small study in Argentina. The present research was designed to further assess the association between high birth weight and MS in a larger sample of patients, using an extensive and validated general population database as control. METHODS We present an analytical observational, multicentre, population-based, and case-control study. A total of 637 patients (cases) with confirmed MS diagnosis attending five MS specialized centres in Argentina were included. Birth weight (BW) data was recalled by the patient's mother, which is a validated approach. A two-way comparison was performed. First, we used the standard categories of high, adequate and low BW in grams. Then, we applied the weight percentile distribution to provide reproducible results for further research. For a proper assessment and comparison of variables, we adopted the guidelines of the American Academy of Pediatrics for neonate classification according to gestational weeks and to BW in grams. The neonate's BW distribution of the general population was used as control. For the purposes of the study, we adapted Urquía's et al. curves, which are based on an extensive database of all the live births registered in the country from 2003 to 2007. To measure the magnitude of the proportional differences between low, adequate and high BW, the odds ratio (OR) and their 95% confidence interval (CI) were estimated. The mean BW and percentile values for each sex were compared using a z-Normal test. The respective MS patients and general population BW distribution curves by sex were compared between each other. RESULTS Cases and controls were comparable in their demographic, geographic and environmental characteristics. Males showed higher BW than females both in the MS patients and the general population groups. When we applied the sex stratified analysis separately, we found that males in the MS group showed an almost seven times higher risk of high birth weight than males from the general population (OR 6.58 [95% CI 4.81-8.99]). Female patients showed an almost five times higher risk of high BW than their respective controls (OR 4.5 [95% CI 3.06-6.58]). The comparison based on the BW percentile distribution confirmed that MS patients showed higher BW than the general population. This result reached statistical significance from the 75th percentile onwards for both sexes. CONCLUSION In summary, our findings suggested that high BW could be one of the earliest risk factors for MS in life. If this results were reproduced in other centres, high birth weight would emerge as a novel and very early risk factor, potentially modifiable in utero or immediately postpartum, representing a unique opportunity to prevent the disease in future generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geraldine G Luetic
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Rosario, San Lorenzo 3598, Rosario, Santa Fe, 2000, Argentina.
| | - Maria L Menichini
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Rosario, San Lorenzo 3598, Rosario, Santa Fe, 2000, Argentina
| | - Norma Deri
- Centro de Investigaciones Diabaid, CABA, Argentina
| | - Judith Steinberg
- Sección de enfermedades desmielinizantes, Hospital Británico; CABA, Argentina
| | - Adriana Carrá
- Sección de enfermedades desmielinizantes, Hospital Británico; CABA, Argentina
| | | | | | - Maria C Curbelo
- Sección de enfermedades desmielinizantes, Hospital Británico; CABA, Argentina; Hospital Municipal Sofía Santamarina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan I Rojas
- Centro de Esclerosis Múltiple de Buenos Aires, CABA, Argentina
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12
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"Begging the Question"-Does Toxocara Infection/Exposure Associate with Multiple Sclerosis-Risk? Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9110938. [PMID: 33187271 PMCID: PMC7696196 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9110938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the cause of multiple sclerosis (MS) is unclear, infectious agents, including some parasitic roundworms (nematodes), have been proposed as possible risk factors or contributors. Here, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of published observational studies to evaluate whether there is a possible association between infection with, or exposure to, one or more members of the genus Toxocara (phylum Nematoda; superfamily Ascaridoidea) and MS. We undertook a search of public literature databases to identify relevant studies and then used a random-effects meta-analysis model to generate the pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). This search identified six of a total of 1371 articles that were relevant to the topic; these published studies involved totals of 473 MS patients and 647 control subjects. Anti-Toxocara IgG serum antibodies were detected in 62 MS patients and 37 controls, resulting in respective seroprevalences of 13.1% (95% CI: 8.2-20.3) and 4.8% (95% CI: 2.5-9.2), indicating an association (pooled OR, 3.01; 95% CI: 1.46-6.21). Because of the publication bias identified (six eligible studies), well-designed and -controlled studies are required in the future to rigorously test the hypothesis that Toxocara infection/exposure has an association with MS.
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Li Y, Liu Y, Hu C, Chang Q, Deng Q, Yang X, Wu Y. Study of the neurotoxicity of indoor airborne nanoparticles based on a 3D human blood-brain barrier chip. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 143:105598. [PMID: 32622118 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is growing public awareness regarding the health effects of indoor nanoscale particulate matter (INPM) since people spend the majority of their time indoors. INPM could have a direct entry route into the brain via the axons of the olfactory nerve and migrating across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Using animals to explore this possibility is not a reliable method to fully demonstrate human physiological responses. We, therefore, set out to develop a human 3D functional blood-brain barrier model to examine the potential effects of INPM on the cerebral nervous system. METHODS Human astrocytes were co-cultured and human umbilical vein endothelial cells in 3D within a microfluidic chip to simulate the micro-complex physiological structure of the human BBB. This 3D human organotypic model has then been made to investigate any INPM-induced BBB dysfunction linked to potential cellular responses. RESULTS A 3D human functional blood-brain barrier was constructed in this study. We observed the translocation of INPM across the blood-brain barrier. The 3D human organotypic chip initially reflected damage to the nervous system with abnormal astrocyte proliferation and a decline in cell viability. We also looked at the behavior of oxidative stress-related biomarkers (ROS, GSH-Px, and MDA). INPM was implicated in aggravating inflammation via reactive oxygen species (ROS). The Keap1-Nrf2-ARE pathway is a key mechanism in cellular resistance to oxidative stress by mediating and activating a variety of antioxidant and detoxification enzymes. Following ROS accumulation, INPM induced abnormal expression of nuclear transcription factor Nrf2. This behavior disturbed the expression of, γ-glutamate synthase (γ-GCS) and heme oxygenase (HO-1), which further exacerbated the imbalance of the antioxidant system. CONCLUSIONS This functional 3D human organotypic chip effectively mimics the physiological response of the human BBB. The chip provides a micro-complex structure to simulate the internal environment of the human blood-brain barrier, and partially simulates the physiological responses of the BBB to INPM exposure. Based on this model, INPM was shown to affect the blood-brain barrier biofunction by disrupting the Keap1-Nrf2-ARE pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil (The Chinese Ministry of Education), College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, PR China
| | - Yan Liu
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil (The Chinese Ministry of Education), College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, PR China
| | - Chuanlin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Qing Chang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qihong Deng
- XiangYa School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China
| | - Xu Yang
- XiangYa School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China; Lab of Environmental Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, PR China.
| | - Yang Wu
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil (The Chinese Ministry of Education), College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Transformation of Agricultural Products, College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, PR China.
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14
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Nishanth K, Tariq E, Nzvere FP, Miqdad M, Cancarevic I. Role of Smoking in the Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis: A Review Article. Cureus 2020; 12:e9564. [PMID: 32905534 PMCID: PMC7473606 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.9564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex and unpredictable neurological condition. It is the most commonly seen autoimmune disorder. The incidence of disease and its prevalence are growing worldwide. Early identification of the disease and accurate diagnosis is important to prevent further complications and disability. The etiology remains unclear, and it is believed that complex gene-environment interactions play an essential role. Genetic predisposition only describes a portion of the disease risk, whereas lifestyle and environmental factors are significant contributors. Smoking was identified as an important risk factor for MS. The main objectives of this review were to examine the underlying mechanisms of immune dysregulation in the development of MS, explore the association between smoking and MS, and identify other genetic and environmental factors that alter the risk of developing the disease. We searched PubMed for articles relevant to the study topic published between 2000 and 2020 using the search terms "multiple sclerosis," "cigarette smoking," "risk factors," and, "epigenetics." Studies reveal a marked association between smoking and the risk of MS. Unlike genetic risk factors, many lifestyles and environmental factors can be adjusted, with potential for prevention, particularly for people at the highest risk, such as families of individuals with MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katukuri Nishanth
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Ezza Tariq
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
- Internal Medicine, Nishtar Medical College, Multan, PAK
| | - Farirai P Nzvere
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Mohammed Miqdad
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Ivan Cancarevic
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
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15
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Eating Pattern and Nutritional Risks among People with Multiple Sclerosis Following a Modified Paleolithic Diet. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12061844. [PMID: 32575774 PMCID: PMC7353368 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Preliminary studies suggest that a modified Paleolithic diet may benefit symptoms of fatigue in progressive multiple sclerosis (MS). However, this diet restricts the consumption of eggs, dairy, and gluten-containing grains, which may increase the risk of micronutrient deficiencies. Therefore, we evaluated the nutritional safety of this diet among people with progressive MS. Three nonconsecutive 24-h dietary recalls were collected from (n = 19) progressive MS participants in the final months of a diet intervention study and analyzed using Nutrition Data System for Research (NDSR) software. Food group intake was calculated, and intake of micronutrients was evaluated and compared to individual recommendations using Nutrient Adequacy Ratios (NARs). Blood was drawn at baseline and the end of the study to evaluate biomarker changes. Mean intake of fruits and vegetables exceeded nine servings/day and most participants excluded food groups. The intake of all micronutrients from food were above 100% NAR except for vitamin D (29.6 ± 34.6%), choline (73.2 ± 27.2%), and calcium (60.3 ± 22.8%), and one participant (1/19) exceeded the Tolerable Upper Limit (UL) for zinc, one (1/19) for vitamin A, and 37% (7/19) exceeded the chronic disease risk reduction (CDRR) for sodium. When intake from supplements was included in the analysis, several individuals exceeded ULs for magnesium (5/19), zinc (2/19), sodium (7/19), and vitamins A (2/19), D (9/19), C (1/19), B6 (3/19), and niacin (10/19). Serum values of vitamins D, B12, K1, K2, and folate significantly increased compared to respective baseline values, while homocysteine and magnesium values were significantly lower at 12 months. Calcium and vitamin A serum levels did not change. This modified Paleolithic diet is associated with minimal nutritional risks. However, excessive intake from supplements may be of concern.
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16
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Jamebozorgi K, Rostami D, Pormasoumi H, Taghizadeh E, Barreto GE, Sahebkar A. Epigenetic aspects of multiple sclerosis and future therapeutic options. Int J Neurosci 2020; 131:56-64. [PMID: 32075477 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2020.1732974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory and neurodegenerative disease accompanied by demyelination of neurons in the central nervous system that mostly affects young adults, especially women. This disease has two phases including relapsing-remitting form (RR-MS) by episodes of relapse and periods of clinical remission and secondary-progressive form (SP-MS), which causes more disability. The inheritance pattern of MS is not exactly identified and there is an agreement that it has a complex pattern with an interplay among environmental, genetic and epigenetic alternations. Epigenetic mechanisms that are identified for MS pathogenesis are DNA methylation, histone modification and some microRNAs' alternations. Several cellular processes including apoptosis, differentiation and evolution can be modified along with epigenetic changes. Some alternations are associated with epigenetic mechanisms in MS patients and these changes can become key points for MS therapy. Therefore, the aim of this review was to discuss epigenetic mechanisms that are associated with MS pathogenesis and future therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daryoush Rostami
- School of Allied Medical Sciences, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
| | - Hosein Pormasoumi
- Faculty of Medicine, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
| | - Eskandar Taghizadeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran.,Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - George E Barreto
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.,Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran.,Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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17
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Bernardini F, Attademo L, Trezzi R, Gobbicchi C, Balducci P, Del Bello V, Menculini G, Pauselli L, Piselli M, Sciarma T, Moretti P, Tamantini A, Quartesan R, Compton M, Tortorella A. Air pollutants and daily number of admissions to psychiatric emergency services: evidence for detrimental mental health effects of ozone. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci 2019; 29:e66. [PMID: 31690359 PMCID: PMC8061137 DOI: 10.1017/s2045796019000623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Aim of the current study is to investigate the associations between daily levels of air pollutants (particulate matter, ozone, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide) and daily admissions for mental disorders to the emergency department of two general hospitals in Umbria region (Italy). METHODS We collected data about daily admissions to psychiatric emergency services of two general hospitals, air pollutants' levels and meteorological data for the time period 1 January 2015 until 31 December 2016. We assessed the impact of an increase in air pollutants on the number of daily admissions using a time-series econometric framework. RESULTS A total of 1860 emergency department admissions for mental disorders were identified. We observed a statistically significant impact of ozone levels on daily admissions. The estimated coefficient of O3 is statistically significant at the 1% level. All other pollutants were not significantly associated with the number of daily admissions. CONCLUSIONS Short-term exposure to ozone may be associated with increased psychiatric emergency services admissions. Findings add to previous literature on existing evidence for air pollution to have an impact on mental health. Ozone may be considered a potential environmental risk factor for impaired mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Bernardini
- Department of Mental Health, AAS5 ‘Friuli Occidentale’, Pordenone, Italy
| | - L. Attademo
- Department of Mental Health, ASP Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
| | - R. Trezzi
- Research and Statistics Division, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, Washington, DC, USA
| | - C. Gobbicchi
- Department of Mental Health, AUSL Umbria 2, Terni, Italy
| | - P.M. Balducci
- Division of Psychiatry, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - V. Del Bello
- Division of Psychiatry, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - G. Menculini
- Division of Psychiatry, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - L. Pauselli
- Columbia University, College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, USA
| | - M. Piselli
- Department of Mental Health, AUSL Umbria 2, Terni, Italy
- Functional Area of Psychiatry, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - T. Sciarma
- Division of Psychiatry, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - P. Moretti
- Division of Psychiatry, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - A. Tamantini
- Department of Mental Health, AUSL Umbria 2, Terni, Italy
- Functional Area of Psychiatry, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - R. Quartesan
- Division of Psychiatry, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - M.T. Compton
- Columbia University, College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, USA
| | - A. Tortorella
- Division of Psychiatry, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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18
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Dasgupta S, Ray SK. Ceramide and Sphingosine Regulation of Myelinogenesis: Targeting Serine Palmitoyltransferase Using microRNA in Multiple Sclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5031. [PMID: 31614447 PMCID: PMC6834223 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20205031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ceramide and sphingosine display a unique profile during brain development, indicating their critical role in myelinogenesis. Employing advanced technology such as gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, high performance liquid chromatography, and immunocytochemistry, along with cell culture and molecular biology, we have found an accumulation of sphingosine in brain tissues of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and in the spinal cord of rats induced with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. The elevated sphingosine leads to oligodendrocyte death and fosters demyelination. Ceramide elevation by serine palmitoyltransferse (SPT) activation was the primary source of the sphingosine elevation as myriocin, an inhibitor of SPT, prevented sphingosine elevation and protected oligodendrocytes. Supporting this view, fingolimod, a drug used for MS therapy, reduced ceramide generation, thus offering partial protection to oligodendrocytes. Sphingolipid synthesis and degradation in normal development is regulated by a series of microRNAs (miRNAs), and hence, accumulation of sphingosine in MS may be prevented by employing miRNA technology. This review will discuss the current knowledge of ceramide and sphingosine metabolism (synthesis and breakdown), and how their biosynthesis can be regulated by miRNA, which can be used as a therapeutic approach for MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somsankar Dasgupta
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
| | - Swapan K Ray
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, 6439 Garners Ferry Road, Columbia, SC 29209, USA.
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19
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Evaluation of Epstein-Barr virus-specific antibodies in Cypriot multiple sclerosis patients. Mol Immunol 2019; 105:270-275. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2018.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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20
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Wang Z, Long H, Chang C, Zhao M, Lu Q. Crosstalk between metabolism and epigenetic modifications in autoimmune diseases: a comprehensive overview. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:3353-3369. [PMID: 29974127 PMCID: PMC11105184 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2864-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Little information is available regarding mechanistic links between epigenetic modifications and autoimmune diseases. It seems plausible to surmise that aberrant gene expression and energy metabolism would disrupt immune tolerance, which could ultimately result in autoimmune responses. Metaboloepigenetics is an emerging paradigm that defines the interrelationships between metabolism and epigenetics. Epigenetic modifications, such as the methylation/demethylation of DNA and histone proteins and histone acetylation/deacetylation can be dynamically produced and eliminated by a group of enzymes that consume several metabolites derived from various physiological pathways. Recent insights into cellular metabolism have demonstrated that environmental stimuli such as dietary exposure and nutritional status act through the variation in concentration of metabolites to affect epigenetic regulation and breakdown biochemical homeostasis. Metabolites, including S-adenosylmethionine, acetyl-CoA, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, α-ketoglutarate, and ATP serve as cofactors for chromatin-modifying enzymes, such as methyltransferases, deacetylases and kinases, which are responsible for chromatin remodelling. The concentration of crucial nutrients, such as glucose, glutamine, and oxygen, spatially and temporally modulate epigenetic modifications to regulate gene expression and the reaction to stressful microenvironments in disease pathology. In this review, we focus on the interaction between metabolic intermediates and epigenetic modifications, integrating environmental signals with programmes through modification of the epigenome-metabolome to speculate as to how this may influence autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijun Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, No. 139 Renmin Middle Rd, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Hai Long
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, No. 139 Renmin Middle Rd, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Christopher Chang
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California at Davis, Suite 6510, 451 Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Ming Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, No. 139 Renmin Middle Rd, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
| | - Qianjin Lu
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, No. 139 Renmin Middle Rd, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
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21
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Zhao T, Markevych I, Romanos M, Nowak D, Heinrich J. Ambient ozone exposure and mental health: A systematic review of epidemiological studies. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 165:459-472. [PMID: 29728258 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An increasing number of studies have suggested adverse effects of air pollution on mental health. Given the potentially negative impacts of ozone exposure on the immune and nervous system driven from animal experiments, ozone might also affect mental health. However, no systematic synthesis of the relevant literature has been conducted yet. This paper reviews the studies that assessed the link between ozone exposure and mental health thus far. METHODS We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (PRISMA). PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE were systematically searched for epidemiological studies on ambient ozone exposure and mental or behavioral disorders according to the International Classification of Disease. The period was from January 1st, 1960 to December 14st, 2017. We evaluated the risk of bias by the Office of Health Assessment and Translation (OHAT) Approach and Navigation Guide for each included study. RESULTS The keyword search yielded 567 results. 31 papers met the selection criteria and were included in the review. We found only inconclusive evidence that ozone affects autism spectrum disorders, impairment of cognitive functions and dementia, depression, and suicide. The large heterogeneity of study designs, outcome definitions and study quality in general prevented us from conducting meta-analyses. CONCLUSIONS Current evidence for an association between ambient ozone exposure and mental health outcomes is inconclusive and further high quality studies are needed to assess any potential links given the strong biologic plausibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Zhao
- Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Iana Markevych
- Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany; Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Marcel Romanos
- Centre of Mental Health, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Dennis Nowak
- Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Joachim Heinrich
- Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany; Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
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22
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Wahls T, Scott MO, Alshare Z, Rubenstein L, Darling W, Carr L, Smith K, Chenard CA, LaRocca N, Snetselaar L. Dietary approaches to treat MS-related fatigue: comparing the modified Paleolithic (Wahls Elimination) and low saturated fat (Swank) diets on perceived fatigue in persons with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2018; 19:309. [PMID: 29866196 PMCID: PMC5987638 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-018-2680-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fatigue is one of the most disabling symptoms of multiple sclerosis (MS) and contributes to diminishing quality of life. Although currently available interventions have had limited success in relieving MS-related fatigue, clinically significant reductions in perceived fatigue severity have been reported in a multimodal intervention pilot study that included a Paleolithic diet in addition to stress reduction, exercise, and electrical muscle stimulation. An optimal dietary approach to reducing MS-related fatigue has not been identified. To establish the specific effects of diet on MS symptoms, this study focuses on diet only instead of the previously tested multimodal intervention by comparing the effectiveness of two dietary patterns for the treatment of MS-related fatigue. The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of a modified Paleolithic and low saturated fat diet on perceived fatigue (primary outcome), cognitive and motor symptoms, and quality of life in persons with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). METHODS/DESIGN This 36-week randomized clinical trial consists of three 12-week periods during which assessments of perceived fatigue, quality of life, motor and cognitive function, physical activity and sleep, diet quality, and social support for eating will be collected. The three 12-week periods will consist of the following: 1. OBSERVATION Participants continue eating their usual diet. 2. INTERVENTION Participants will be randomized to a modified Paleolithic or low saturated fat diet for the intervention period. Participants will receive support from a registered dietitian (RD) through in-person coaching, telephone calls, and emails. 3. FOLLOW-UP Participants will continue the study diet for an additional 12 weeks with minimal RD support to assess the ability of the participants to sustain the study diet on their own. DISCUSSION Because fatigue is one of the most common and disabling symptoms of MS, effective management and reduction of MS-related fatigue has the potential to increase quality of life in this population. The results of this study will add to the evidence base for providing dietary recommendations to treat MS-related fatigue and other symptoms associated with this disease. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02914964 . Registered on 24 August 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Lucas Carr
- University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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23
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Jeanjean M, Bind MA, Roux J, Ongagna JC, de Sèze J, Bard D, Leray E. Ozone, NO 2 and PM 10 are associated with the occurrence of multiple sclerosis relapses. Evidence from seasonal multi-pollutant analyses. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 163:43-52. [PMID: 29426027 PMCID: PMC5886008 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triggers of multiple sclerosis (MS) relapses are essentially unknown. PM10 exposure has recently been associated with an increased risk of relapses. OBJECTIVES We further explore the short-term associations between PM10, NO2, benzene (C6H6), O3, and CO exposures, and the odds of MS relapses' occurrence. METHODS Using a case-crossover design, we studied 424 MS patients living in the Strasbourg area, France between 2000 and 2009 (1783 relapses in total). Control days were chosen to be ± 35 days relative to the case (relapse) day. Exposure was modeled through ADMS-Urban software at the census block scale. We consider single-pollutant and multi-pollutant conditional logistic regression models coupled with a distributed-lag linear structure, stratified by season ("hot" vs. "cold"), and adjusted for meteorological parameters, pollen count, influenza-like epidemics, and holidays. RESULTS The single-pollutant analyses indicated: 1) significant associations between MS relapse incidence and exposures to NO2, PM10, and O3, and 2) seasonality in these associations. For instance, an interquartile range increase in NO2 (lags 0-3) and PM10 exposure were associated with MS relapse incidence (OR = 1.08; 95%CI: [1.03-1.14] and OR = 1.06; 95%CI: [1.01-1.11], respectively) during the "cold" season (i.e., October-March). We also observed an association with O3 and MS relapse incidence during "hot" season (OR = 1.16; 95%CI: [1.07-1.25]). C6H6 and CO were not significantly related to MS relapse incidence. However, using multi-pollutant models, only O3 remained significantly associated with the odds of relapse triggering during "hot" season. CONCLUSION We observed significant single-pollution associations between the occurrence of MS relapses and exposures to NO2, O3 and PM10, only O3 remained significantly associated with occurrence of MS relapses in the multi-pollutant model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Jeanjean
- METIS Department, EHESP French School of Public Health, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 15 avenue du Professeur 6 Léon-Bernard - CS 74312, 35043 Rennes, France.
| | - Marie-Abele Bind
- Department of Statistics, Harvard University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Jonathan Roux
- METIS Department, EHESP French School of Public Health, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 15 avenue du Professeur 6 Léon-Bernard - CS 74312, 35043 Rennes, France; INSERM CIC-P 1414, CHU of Rennes, 2 Rue Henri le Guilloux, 35000 Rennes, France; EA 7449 REPERES, EHESP French School of Public Health, Sorbonne Paris Cité - University of Rennes 1, Rennes, France.
| | - Jean-Claude Ongagna
- Department of neurology, Strasbourg University, INSERM CIC 1434, CHU of Strasbourg, 1 Place de l'Hôpital, 11 67091 Strasbourg cedex, France.
| | - Jérôme de Sèze
- Department of neurology, Strasbourg University, INSERM CIC 1434, CHU of Strasbourg, 1 Place de l'Hôpital, 11 67091 Strasbourg cedex, France.
| | - Denis Bard
- METIS Department, EHESP French School of Public Health, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 15 avenue du Professeur 6 Léon-Bernard - CS 74312, 35043 Rennes, France.
| | - Emmanuelle Leray
- METIS Department, EHESP French School of Public Health, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 15 avenue du Professeur 6 Léon-Bernard - CS 74312, 35043 Rennes, France; INSERM CIC-P 1414, CHU of Rennes, 2 Rue Henri le Guilloux, 35000 Rennes, France; EA 7449 REPERES, EHESP French School of Public Health, Sorbonne Paris Cité - University of Rennes 1, Rennes, France.
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Pellacani C, Costa LG. Role of autophagy in environmental neurotoxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 235:791-805. [PMID: 29353798 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.12.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Human exposure to neurotoxic pollutants (e.g. metals, pesticides and other chemicals) is recognized as a key risk factor in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders. Emerging evidence indicates that an alteration in autophagic pathways may be correlated with the onset of the neurotoxicity resulting from chronic exposure to these pollutants. In fact, autophagy is a natural process that permits to preserving cell homeostasis, through the seizure and degradation of the cytosolic damaged elements. However, when an excessive level of intracellular damage is reached, the autophagic process may also induce cell death. A correct modulation of specific stages of autophagy is important to maintain the correct balance in the organism. In this review, we highlight the critical role that autophagy plays in neurotoxicity induced by the most common classes of environmental contaminants. The understanding of this mechanism may be helpful to discover a potential therapeutic strategy to reduce side effects induced by these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Pellacani
- Dept. of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
| | - L G Costa
- Dept. of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy; Dept. of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Roux J, Bard D, Le Pabic E, Segala C, Reis J, Ongagna JC, de Sèze J, Leray E. Air pollution by particulate matter PM 10 may trigger multiple sclerosis relapses. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 156:404-410. [PMID: 28407574 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Seasonal variation of relapses in multiple sclerosis (MS) suggests that season-dependent factors, such as ambient air pollution, may trigger them. However, only few studies have considered possible role of air pollutants as relapse's risk factor. OBJECTIVE We investigated the effect of particulate matter of aerodynamic diameter smaller than 10µm (PM10) on MS relapses. METHODS In total, 536 relapsing MS patients from Strasbourg city (France) were included, accounting for 2052 relapses over 2000-2009 period. A case-crossover design was used with cases defined as the days of relapse and controls being selected in the same patient at plus and minus 35 days. Different lags from 0 to 30 days were considered. Conditional logistic regressions, adjusted on meteorological parameters, school and public holidays, were used and exposure was considered first as a quantitative variable and second, as a binary variable. RESULTS The natural logarithm of the average PM10 concentration lagged from 1 to 3 days before relapse onset was significantly associated with relapse risk (OR =1.40 [95% confidence interval 1.08-1.81]) in cold season. Consistent results were observed when considering PM10 as a binary variable, even if not significant. CONCLUSION With an appropriate study design and robust ascertainment of neurological events and exposure, the present study highlights the effect of PM10 on the risk of relapse in MS patients, probably through oxidative stress mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Roux
- METIS Department, EA 7449 REPERES, EHESP French School of Public Health, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 15 avenue du Professeur Léon-Bernard - CS 74312, 35043 Rennes, France; INSERM CIC-P 1414, CHU of Rennes, 2 Rue Henri le Guilloux, 35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Denis Bard
- METIS Department, EA 7449 REPERES, EHESP French School of Public Health, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 15 avenue du Professeur Léon-Bernard - CS 74312, 35043 Rennes, France.
| | - Estelle Le Pabic
- METIS Department, EA 7449 REPERES, EHESP French School of Public Health, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 15 avenue du Professeur Léon-Bernard - CS 74312, 35043 Rennes, France; INSERM CIC-P 1414, CHU of Rennes, 2 Rue Henri le Guilloux, 35000 Rennes, France.
| | | | - Jacques Reis
- Clinique Neurologique, CHU of Strasbourg, 1 Avenue Molière, 67200 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Jean-Claude Ongagna
- Department of Neurology, Strasbourg University, INSERM CIC 1434, CHU of Strasbourg, 1 place de l'Hôpital, 67091 Strasbourg cedex, France.
| | - Jérôme de Sèze
- Department of Neurology, Strasbourg University, INSERM CIC 1434, CHU of Strasbourg, 1 place de l'Hôpital, 67091 Strasbourg cedex, France.
| | - Emmanuelle Leray
- METIS Department, EA 7449 REPERES, EHESP French School of Public Health, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 15 avenue du Professeur Léon-Bernard - CS 74312, 35043 Rennes, France; INSERM CIC-P 1414, CHU of Rennes, 2 Rue Henri le Guilloux, 35000 Rennes, France.
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Moser AM, Spindelboeck W, Strohmaier H, Enzinger C, Gattringer T, Fuchs S, Fazekas F, Gorkiewicz G, Wurm P, Högenauer C, Khalil M. Mucosal biopsy shows immunologic changes of the colon in patients with early MS. NEUROLOGY-NEUROIMMUNOLOGY & NEUROINFLAMMATION 2017. [PMID: 28638851 PMCID: PMC5471347 DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000000362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate immune cells of the colonic mucosa and fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in treatment-naive patients with a clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) or early relapsing MS. Methods: In this cross-sectional proof-of-concept study, we obtained mucosal specimens during ileocolonoscopy from 15 untreated patients with CIS/MS and 10 controls. Mucosal immune cells were analyzed by FACS, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry measurements of stool samples served to determine SCFA. Results: The number of total dendritic cells (DCs), CD103+ tolerogenic DCs, and CD4+25+127–regulatory T cells (Tregs) was significantly reduced in the distal colon of patients with CIS/MS compared with controls, whereas we found no differences in the proximal colon. The patients' fecal samples also showed a substantially lower content of SCFA and especially lower levels of butyrate and acetate. Conclusions: Our findings indicate a disturbed homeostasis of colonic DCs and Tregs in patients with MS which could be associated with colonic SCFA depletion. Although not implying causality, these findings confirm parallel abnormalities of the gut in MS and warrant further research if modulation of the colonic SCFA profile or the colonic Treg pool can serve to modify the course of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Mathias Moser
- Department of Internal Medicine (A.M.M., W.S., C.H.), Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Theodor Escherich Laboratory for Microbiome Research (A.M.M., W.S., G.G., P.W., C.H.), Center for Medical Research (H.S.), Department of Neurology (C.E., T.G., S.F., F.F., M.K.), and Institute of Pathology (G.G., P.W.), Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Walter Spindelboeck
- Department of Internal Medicine (A.M.M., W.S., C.H.), Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Theodor Escherich Laboratory for Microbiome Research (A.M.M., W.S., G.G., P.W., C.H.), Center for Medical Research (H.S.), Department of Neurology (C.E., T.G., S.F., F.F., M.K.), and Institute of Pathology (G.G., P.W.), Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Heimo Strohmaier
- Department of Internal Medicine (A.M.M., W.S., C.H.), Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Theodor Escherich Laboratory for Microbiome Research (A.M.M., W.S., G.G., P.W., C.H.), Center for Medical Research (H.S.), Department of Neurology (C.E., T.G., S.F., F.F., M.K.), and Institute of Pathology (G.G., P.W.), Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Christian Enzinger
- Department of Internal Medicine (A.M.M., W.S., C.H.), Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Theodor Escherich Laboratory for Microbiome Research (A.M.M., W.S., G.G., P.W., C.H.), Center for Medical Research (H.S.), Department of Neurology (C.E., T.G., S.F., F.F., M.K.), and Institute of Pathology (G.G., P.W.), Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Thomas Gattringer
- Department of Internal Medicine (A.M.M., W.S., C.H.), Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Theodor Escherich Laboratory for Microbiome Research (A.M.M., W.S., G.G., P.W., C.H.), Center for Medical Research (H.S.), Department of Neurology (C.E., T.G., S.F., F.F., M.K.), and Institute of Pathology (G.G., P.W.), Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Siegrid Fuchs
- Department of Internal Medicine (A.M.M., W.S., C.H.), Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Theodor Escherich Laboratory for Microbiome Research (A.M.M., W.S., G.G., P.W., C.H.), Center for Medical Research (H.S.), Department of Neurology (C.E., T.G., S.F., F.F., M.K.), and Institute of Pathology (G.G., P.W.), Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Franz Fazekas
- Department of Internal Medicine (A.M.M., W.S., C.H.), Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Theodor Escherich Laboratory for Microbiome Research (A.M.M., W.S., G.G., P.W., C.H.), Center for Medical Research (H.S.), Department of Neurology (C.E., T.G., S.F., F.F., M.K.), and Institute of Pathology (G.G., P.W.), Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Gregor Gorkiewicz
- Department of Internal Medicine (A.M.M., W.S., C.H.), Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Theodor Escherich Laboratory for Microbiome Research (A.M.M., W.S., G.G., P.W., C.H.), Center for Medical Research (H.S.), Department of Neurology (C.E., T.G., S.F., F.F., M.K.), and Institute of Pathology (G.G., P.W.), Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Philipp Wurm
- Department of Internal Medicine (A.M.M., W.S., C.H.), Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Theodor Escherich Laboratory for Microbiome Research (A.M.M., W.S., G.G., P.W., C.H.), Center for Medical Research (H.S.), Department of Neurology (C.E., T.G., S.F., F.F., M.K.), and Institute of Pathology (G.G., P.W.), Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Christoph Högenauer
- Department of Internal Medicine (A.M.M., W.S., C.H.), Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Theodor Escherich Laboratory for Microbiome Research (A.M.M., W.S., G.G., P.W., C.H.), Center for Medical Research (H.S.), Department of Neurology (C.E., T.G., S.F., F.F., M.K.), and Institute of Pathology (G.G., P.W.), Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Michael Khalil
- Department of Internal Medicine (A.M.M., W.S., C.H.), Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Theodor Escherich Laboratory for Microbiome Research (A.M.M., W.S., G.G., P.W., C.H.), Center for Medical Research (H.S.), Department of Neurology (C.E., T.G., S.F., F.F., M.K.), and Institute of Pathology (G.G., P.W.), Medical University of Graz, Austria
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Al-Hussain F, Alfallaj MM, Alahmari AN, Almazyad AN, Alsaeed TK, Abdurrahman AA, Murtaza G, Bashir S. Relationship between Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio and Stress in Multiple Sclerosis Patients. J Clin Diagn Res 2017; 11:CC01-CC04. [PMID: 28658752 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2017/24388.9764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Multiple Sclerosis (MS), a disease of autoimmunity and inflammation, is characterized by deterioration of the myelin sheath that protects the nerve fibers. The high levels of neutrophils in serum may be related to the chronic inflammation and caused by other triggers such as infections that have been associated with relapses in MS. AIM To investigate the value of Neutrophil/Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) as a possible marker and relationship with Depression, Anxiety and Stress (DAS) score in MS patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 60 MS patients and 60 age and sex matched healthy controls were recruited for the present study. We measured DAS score, NLR, calcium, phosphate, magnesium, chloride, alkaline phosphatase, albumin in serum levels in MS patients and in healthy controls. RESULTS The mean age was not significantly different in both case and control groups. The case and control groups were similar in terms of sex; however, the majority of the MS group was female. The NLR values of MS patients were significantly higher than those of the healthy controls (p=<0.001). The NLR values were also significantly (p<0.001) correlated with stress score. CONCLUSION NLR could be considered as a quick, cheap, easily measurable and inflammatory marker for assessment of inflammation in MS patients. The role of NLR in MS must be explored further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fawaz Al-Hussain
- Associate Professor, Department of Neurology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | - Talal Khalid Alsaeed
- Medical Student, Department of Physiology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ghulam Murtaza
- Research Associate, Department of Neurology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahid Bashir
- Assistant Professor, Department of Physiology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Lee JE, Bisht B, Hall MJ, Rubenstein LM, Louison R, Klein DT, Wahls TL. A Multimodal, Nonpharmacologic Intervention Improves Mood and Cognitive Function in People with Multiple Sclerosis. J Am Coll Nutr 2017; 36:150-168. [PMID: 28394724 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2016.1255160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to examine whether participation in a 12-month multimodal intervention would improve mood and cognitive function in adults with progressive multiple sclerosis (MS). METHODS In this one-arm, open-label feasibility trial, participants were prescribed a home-based multimodal intervention, including (1) a modified Paleolithic diet; (2) an exercise program (stretching and strengthening of the trunk and lower limb muscles); (3) neuromuscular electrical stimulation (EStim) of trunk and lower limb muscles; and (4) stress management (meditation and self-massage). Individuals completed measures of mood (Beck Anxiety and Depression Inventories) and cognitive (Cognitive Stability Index, Cognitive Screening Test, Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System) and executive function (Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale) at baseline and 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after the start of the intervention. Dosage of the multimodal intervention was assessed at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. RESULTS The more individuals participated in the intervention activities, the greater improvements they had from baseline to 12 months on self-report measures of anxiety (Beck Anxiety Inventory [BAI]; ps = 0.001 to 0.02), depression (Beck Depression Inventory [BDI]; ps = <0.0001 to 0.09), cognitive function (Cognitive Stability Index [CSI/T], Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System [DKEFS]; ps = 0.001 to 0.06), and executive function (Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale [WAIS]; ps = <0.0001 to 0.09). Mood and cognitive improvements were more closely related to a higher intake of the modified Paleolithic diet than to exercise and stress management dosage. Anxiety and depression changes were evident after just a few months, whereas changes in cognitive function were generally not observed until later in the intervention period. Mood and cognitive function changes from baseline to 12 months were significantly associated with fatigue improvements (ps = <0.0001 to 0.03). CONCLUSIONS A modified Paleolithic diet, exercise, EStim, and stress management intervention like this one has the potential to improve the mood and cognitive symptoms that can lead to considerable suffering in people with MS, potentially improving quality of life and function for people with progressive MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E Lee
- a Department of Psychology , Mount Mercy University , Cedar Rapids , Iowa.,b College of Nursing, The University of Iowa , Iowa City , Iowa
| | - Babita Bisht
- c Department of Internal Medicine , Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa , Iowa City , Iowa
| | - Michael J Hall
- d Department of Psychiatry , Iowa City VA Health Care System , Iowa City , Iowa.,e Department of Psychiatry , Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City , Iowa
| | | | - Rebecca Louison
- a Department of Psychology , Mount Mercy University , Cedar Rapids , Iowa
| | - Danielle T Klein
- c Department of Internal Medicine , Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa , Iowa City , Iowa
| | - Terry L Wahls
- c Department of Internal Medicine , Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa , Iowa City , Iowa.,g Extended Care and Rehabilitation Service Line, Iowa City VA Health Care System , Iowa City , Iowa
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Galehdari H, Zabihi R, Ghanbari M F, Delfan N, Rahim F. Association of IL-10 (-1082 G/A Polymorphism) with Multiple Sclerosis Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.3923/ajcb.2015.25.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Abstract
A systematic review/meta-analysis of literature addressing a possible association between traumatic injury and onset of multiple sclerosis was conducted. Medline, Embase, Cochrane DSR, Ovid HealthStar, CINAHL, ISI Web of Science and Scopus were searched for analytical studies from 1950 to 2011. Two investigators independently reviewed articles for inclusion, assessing their quality using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Of the 13 case-control studies included, 8 were moderate quality and 5 low; of the 3 cohort studies 2 were high and 1 moderate. Meta-analysis including moderate and low quality case-control studies produced a modest but significant odds ratio: 1.41 (95% confidence interval: 1.03, 1.93). However, when low quality studies were excluded, the resulting odds ratio was non-significant. Cohort studies produced a non-significant standardized incidence ratio of 1.00 (95% confidence interval: 0.86, 1.16). These findings support the conclusion that there is no association between traumatic injury and multiple sclerosis onset; more high quality cohort studies would help to confirm this observation.
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Küçükali Cİ, Kürtüncü M, Çoban A, Çebi M, Tüzün E. Epigenetics of multiple sclerosis: an updated review. Neuromolecular Med 2014; 17:83-96. [PMID: 24652042 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-014-8298-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory and neurodegenerative disease characterized with autoimmune response against myelin proteins and progressive axonal loss. The heterogeneity of the clinical course and low concordance rates in monozygotic twins have indicated the involvement of complex heritable and environmental factors in MS pathogenesis. MS is more often transmitted to the next generation by mothers than fathers suggesting an epigenetic influence. One of the possible reasons of this parent-of-origin effect might be the human leukocyte antigen-DRB1*15 allele, which is the major risk factor for MS and regulated by epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation and histone deacetylation. Moreover, major environmental risk factors for MS, vitamin D deficiency, smoking and Ebstein-Barr virus are all known to exert epigenetic changes. In the last few decades, compelling evidence implicating the role of epigenetics in MS has accumulated. Increased or decreased acetylation, methylation and citrullination of genes regulating the expression of inflammation and myelination factors appear to be particularly involved in the epigenetics of MS. Although much less is known about epigenetic factors causing neurodegeneration, epigenetic mechanisms regulating axonal loss, apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction in MS are in the process of identification. Additionally, expression levels of several microRNAs (miRNAs) (e.g., miR-155 and miR-326) are increased in MS brains and potential mechanisms by which these factors might influence MS pathogenesis have been described. Certain miRNAs may also be potentially used as diagnostic biomarkers in MS. Several reagents, especially histone deacetylase inhibitors have been shown to ameliorate the symptoms of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. Ongoing efforts in this field are expected to result in characterization of epigenetic factors that can be used in prediction of treatment responsive MS patients, diagnostic screening panels and treatment methods with specific mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cem İsmail Küçükali
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute for Experimental Medicine (DETAE), Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Gianfrancesco MA, Acuna B, Shen L, Briggs FBS, Quach H, Bellesis KH, Bernstein A, Hedstrom AK, Kockum I, Alfredsson L, Olsson T, Schaefer C, Barcellos LF. Obesity during childhood and adolescence increases susceptibility to multiple sclerosis after accounting for established genetic and environmental risk factors. Obes Res Clin Pract 2014; 8:e435-47. [PMID: 25263833 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2014.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Revised: 12/26/2013] [Accepted: 01/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between obesity and multiple sclerosis (MS) while accounting for established genetic and environmental risk factors. METHODS Participants included members of Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Plan, Northern California Region (KPNC) (1235 MS cases and 697 controls). Logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Body mass index (BMI) or body size was the primary predictor of each model. Both incident and prevalent MS cases were studied. RESULTS In analyses stratified by gender, being overweight at ages 10 and 20 were associated with MS in females (p<0.01). Estimates trended in the same direction for males, but were not significant. BMI in 20s demonstrated a linear relationship with MS (p-trend=9.60×10(-4)), and a twofold risk of MS for females with a BMI≥30kg/m(2) was observed (OR=2.15, 95% CI 1.18, 3.92). Significant associations between BMI in 20s and MS in males were not observed. Multivariate modelling demonstrated that significant associations between BMI or body size with MS in females persisted after adjusting for history of infectious mononucleosis and genetic risk factors, including HLA-DRB1*15:01 and established non-HLA risk alleles. INTERPRETATION Results show that childhood and adolescence obesity confer increased risk of MS in females beyond established heritable and environmental risk factors. Strong evidence for a dose-effect of BMI in 20s and MS was observed. The magnitude of BMI association with MS is as large as other known MS risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena A Gianfrancesco
- Division of Epidemiology, Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics Laboratory, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Brigid Acuna
- Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, Oakland, CA, United States
| | - Ling Shen
- Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, Oakland, CA, United States
| | - Farren B S Briggs
- Division of Epidemiology, Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics Laboratory, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Hong Quach
- Division of Epidemiology, Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics Laboratory, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | | | | | - Anna K Hedstrom
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Kockum
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Alfredsson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tomas Olsson
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Lisa F Barcellos
- Division of Epidemiology, Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics Laboratory, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States; Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, Oakland, CA, United States.
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Notes on the epidemiology of multiple sclerosis, with special reference to dietary habits. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:3533-45. [PMID: 24577315 PMCID: PMC3975352 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15033533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2013] [Revised: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A hypothesis, based primarily on the occurrence of multiple sclerosis (MS) in the Faroe Islands and supported by numerous analytical epidemiological studies, is described. It proposes that MS is caused by the interaction of a virus disease with intestinal pathology, e.g., infectious mononucleosis, and application of smoked and nitrate/nitrite-cured meat products in the diet during circumscribed time intervals. The biological mechanisms might involve a break of tolerance by an alteration of self within the central nervous system, by nitrophenylated compounds conjugated to animal tissue, in particular to proteins occurring in the central nervous system. Further research is needed.
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Bisht B, Darling WG, Grossmann RE, Shivapour ET, Lutgendorf SK, Snetselaar LG, Hall MJ, Zimmerman MB, Wahls TL. A multimodal intervention for patients with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis: feasibility and effect on fatigue. J Altern Complement Med 2014; 20:347-55. [PMID: 24476345 DOI: 10.1089/acm.2013.0188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease influenced by environmental factors. OBJECTIVES The feasibility of a multimodal intervention and its effect on perceived fatigue in patients with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis were assessed. DESIGN/SETTING This was a single-arm, open-label intervention study in an outpatient setting. INTERVENTIONS A multimodal intervention including a modified paleolithic diet with supplements, stretching, strengthening exercises with electrical stimulation of trunk and lower limb muscles, meditation, and massage was used. OUTCOME MEASURES Adherence to each component of the intervention was calculated using daily logs. Side-effects were assessed from a monthly questionnaire and blood analyses. Fatigue was assessed using the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS). Data were collected at baseline and months 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, and 12. RESULTS Ten (10) of 13 subjects who were enrolled in a 2-week run-in phase were eligible to continue in the 12-month main study. Of those 10 subjects, 8 completed the study and 6 subjects fully adhered to the study intervention for 12 months. Over a 12-month period, average adherence to diet exceeded 90% of days, and to exercise/muscle stimulation exceeded 75% of days. Nutritional supplements intake varied among and within subjects. Group daily average duration of meditation was 13.3 minutes and of massage was 7.2 minutes. No adverse side-effects were reported. Group average FSS scores decreased from 5.7 at baseline to 3.32 (p=0.0008) at 12 months. CONCLUSIONS In this small, uncontrolled pilot study, there was a significant improvement in fatigue in those who completed the study. Given the small sample size and completer rate, further evaluation of this multimodal therapy is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babita Bisht
- 1 Department of Health and Human Physiology, University of Iowa College of Liberal Arts and Sciences , University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
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Sundqvist E, Bergström T, Daialhosein H, Nyström M, Sundström P, Hillert J, Alfredsson L, Kockum I, Olsson T. Cytomegalovirus seropositivity is negatively associated with multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2013; 20:165-73. [PMID: 23999606 DOI: 10.1177/1352458513494489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological data suggest a role for common viruses in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS), and recent data showed a negative association of past cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection on pediatric MS risk. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to analyze the association of CMV infection with MS risk in an adult case-control material. A meta-analysis was performed to validate our findings. METHODS Epidemiological Investigation in MS (EIMS) is a case-control study with incident cases and population-based controls. Anti-CMV antibody titers were measured with ELISA, and HLA-A and DRB1 genotyping was performed with SSP-PCR, in 658 MS cases, who all fulfilled the McDonald criteria for MS, and 786 controls. RESULTS CMV seropositivity was associated with a decreased MS risk, OR = 0.73 (0.58-0.92 95% CI), p = 0.005, adjusted for index age, gender, smoking, sun exposure, EBNA1 IgG titer and HLA-A*02 and DRB1*15. When we removed all cases and controls younger than 18 years at index, the protective effect was still apparent. CONCLUSIONS CMV is negatively associated with adult-onset MS pathology, consistent with results from a study on pediatric MS cases. It remains to be shown whether this negative association is due to a true protective effect of CMV infection on MS risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Sundqvist
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Sweden
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Tsai CP, Lee CTC. Multiple sclerosis incidence associated with the soil lead and arsenic concentrations in Taiwan. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65911. [PMID: 23799061 PMCID: PMC3684615 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies in the world have assessed the incidence of multiple sclerosis (MS) with soil heavy metal concentrations. We explored the association of soil heavy metal factors and the MS incidence in Taiwan. METHODS There were 1240 new MS cases from the National Health Insurance Research Database and were verified with serious disabling disease certificates, 1997-2008. Soil heavy metal factors records included arsenic, mercury, cadmium, chromium, copper, nickel, lead and zinc in Taiwan from 1986 to 2002. Spatial regression was used to reveal the association of soil heavy metals and age- and gender-standardized incidence ratios for townships by controlling sunlight exposure hours, smoking prevalence and spatial autocorrelation. RESULTS The lead (Pb) concentration in the soil positively correlated with the township incidence; on the other hand, the arsenic (As) concentration in soil negatively correlated with the township incidence and when found together controlled each other. The positive correlation of lead (Pb) predominated in males, whereas the negative correlation of arsenic (As) in soil predominated in females. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that exposure to lead (Pb) in soil positive associated with incidence of MS in Taiwan, especially in males. Exposure to arsenic (As) in soil negative associated with MS in Taiwan, especially in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Piao Tsai
- Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital and National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Charles Tzu-Chi Lee
- Department of Public Health, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Inkster B, Strijbis EM, Vounou M, Kappos L, Radue EW, Matthews PM, Uitdehaag BM, Barkhof F, Polman CH, Montana G, Geurts JJ. Histone deacetylase gene variants predict brain volume changes in multiple sclerosis. Neurobiol Aging 2013; 34:238-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2012.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2011] [Revised: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Myhr KM, Grytten N, Torkildsen Ø, Wergeland S, Bø L, Pugliatti M, Aarseth JH. A need for national registries and international collaborative research in multiple sclerosis. Acta Neurol Scand 2012:1-3. [PMID: 23278648 DOI: 10.1111/ane.12039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is a growing need to identify biomarkers for early diagnosis and treatment in multiple sclerosis (MS). Such markers may also be involved in the cause and pathogenesis of the disease. METHODS Established national MS registries have through several decades allowed data collection to facilitate MS research. The European MS Registry (EUReMS) is a recent international collaborative effort to ultimately promote MS research and quality in health care across European countries. International collaborations based on such initiatives can facilitate studies on new biomarkers in MS. RESULTS Important studies on data from MS registries, as well as national- and international collaboration networks have been conducted. CONCLUSION The symposium "National MS Registries--to improve health care and research in Multiple Sclerosis" held in Bergen, Norway, earlier this year aimed to highlight the need and benefit from national MS registries and promote international collaborative research in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - M. Pugliatti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine; University of Sassari; Sassari; Italy
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Vidaurre OG, Liu J, Haines J, Sandoval J, Nowakowski R, Casaccia P. An integrated approach to design novel therapeutic interventions for demyelinating disorders. Eur J Neurosci 2012; 35:1879-86. [PMID: 22708599 DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2012.08118.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic strategies are often based on two general principles: interference with the pathogenic process and repair of the damaged tissues. Recent studies, however, have suggested that several pathological conditions may result from the interplay between genetic susceptibility traits and environmental influences that, by modulating the epigenome, also affect disease onset and progression. Based on lessons from neural development, it is conceivable that new lines of preventive and possibly therapeutic intervention might be developed to modulate disease onset or decrease the severity of the symptoms. This review will discuss these concepts within the context of multiple sclerosis, the most common demyelinating disease of the central nervous system, and the leading cause of progressive neurological disability in young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar G Vidaurre
- Department of Neuroscience and Genetics and Genomics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave Levy Place, Box 1065, New York, NY 10029, USA
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Genc S, Zadeoglulari Z, Fuss SH, Genc K. The adverse effects of air pollution on the nervous system. J Toxicol 2012; 2012:782462. [PMID: 22523490 PMCID: PMC3317189 DOI: 10.1155/2012/782462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 355] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2011] [Accepted: 11/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to ambient air pollution is a serious and common public health concern associated with growing morbidity and mortality worldwide. In the last decades, the adverse effects of air pollution on the pulmonary and cardiovascular systems have been well established in a series of major epidemiological and observational studies. In the recent past, air pollution has also been associated with diseases of the central nervous system (CNS), including stroke, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and neurodevelopmental disorders. It has been demonstrated that various components of air pollution, such as nanosized particles, can easily translocate to the CNS where they can activate innate immune responses. Furthermore, systemic inflammation arising from the pulmonary or cardiovascular system can affect CNS health. Despite intense studies on the health effects of ambient air pollution, the underlying molecular mechanisms of susceptibility and disease remain largely elusive. However, emerging evidence suggests that air pollution-induced neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, microglial activation, cerebrovascular dysfunction, and alterations in the blood-brain barrier contribute to CNS pathology. A better understanding of the mediators and mechanisms will enable the development of new strategies to protect individuals at risk and to reduce detrimental effects of air pollution on the nervous system and mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sermin Genc
- Department of Neuroscience, Health Science Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Inciralti, 35340 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Zadeoglulari
- Department of Neuroscience, Health Science Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Inciralti, 35340 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Stefan H. Fuss
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bogazici University, 34342 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kursad Genc
- Department of Neuroscience, Health Science Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Inciralti, 35340 Izmir, Turkey
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Boström I, Landtblom AM, Lauer K. An ecological study of industry in a high-risk region of multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Sci 2011; 311:50-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2011.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2011] [Revised: 09/07/2011] [Accepted: 09/08/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Lauer K. Multiple sclerosis incidence in the Faroe Islands. Mult Scler 2011; 17:1393-4; author reply 1396. [DOI: 10.1177/1352458511408479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Berg K, Puntervoll P, Klungsøyr J, Goksøyr A. Brain proteome alterations of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) exposed to PCB 153. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2011; 105:206-217. [PMID: 21762652 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2011.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2011] [Revised: 06/02/2011] [Accepted: 06/07/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are still widespread environmental pollutants that bioaccumulate and biomagnify in the aquatic food chains despite the ban on their production. They constitute a class of 209 possible congeners with different chlorination pattern of the biphenyl ring structure resulting in many different toxicities and mechanisms of toxicity. The neurotoxicity of PCBs is relatively poorly understood, and biomarkers for their neurotoxic effects are lacking. We have carried out a proteomic analysis of brain tissue from Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) exposed to 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB 153, ortho-substituted and non-coplanar), a previously demonstrated neurotoxic congener and the most prevalent congener in biological samples. The fish received 0, 0.5, 2 and 8 mg/kg PCB 153 by intraperitoneal injection, half of the dose on the first day and the second half after one week, and were exposed for two weeks in total. Using a 2-DE approach we found 56 protein spots to be 20% or more (≤ 0.8-fold or ≥ 1.2-fold) significantly different between at least one of the three PCB 153-exposed groups and the control group, and 27 of these were identified by MALDI-TOF MS and MS/MS. Approximately 80% of the differentially regulated proteins may be associated with a non stressor-specific response and/or have previously been classified as notoriously differentially regulated in 2-DE/MS based proteomics studies, such as alterations/responses in energy metabolism, cytoskeleton, protein synthesis, protein degradation (ubiquitin-proteasome system), cellular growth, cycle and death (14-3-3 protein), and (surprisingly) axon guidance (dihydropyrimidinase-like 2 (=collapsin response mediator protein 2, CRMP-2)). The six remaining affected proteins include the strongest up-regulated protein, pyridoxal kinase (essential for synthesis of neurotransmitters such as dopamine, serotonin and GABA), nicotinamide phosphoribosyl-transferase (involved in protection against axonal degeneration) and protein phosphatase 1 (controls brain recovery by synaptic plasticity). The last three of these six proteins (deltex, Rab14 and sorting nexin 6) may preliminarily identify involvement of the Notch signaling pathway and endosomal function in PCB 153-induced neurotoxicity. Our findings constitute novel clues for further research on PCB 153 mode of action in brain, and a proper selection of proteins may, following validation, be applicable in a panel of biomarkers for aquatic environmental monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Berg
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Bergen, PB 7803, N-5020 Bergen, Norway.
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Riccio P, Rossano R, Liuzzi GM. May diet and dietary supplements improve the wellness of multiple sclerosis patients? A molecular approach. Autoimmune Dis 2011; 2010:249842. [PMID: 21461338 PMCID: PMC3065662 DOI: 10.4061/2010/249842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2010] [Accepted: 12/27/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is a complex and multifactorial neurological disease, and nutrition is one of the environmental factors possibly involved in its pathogenesis. At present, the role of nutrition is unclear, and MS therapy is not associated to a particular diet. MS clinical trials based on specific diets or dietary supplements are very few and in some cases controversial. To understand how diet can influence the course of MS and improve the wellness of MS patients, it is necessary to identify the dietary molecules, their targets and the molecular mechanisms involved in the control of the disease. The aim of this paper is to provide a molecular basis for the nutritional intervention in MS by evaluating at molecular level the effect of dietary molecules on the inflammatory and autoimmune processes involved in the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Riccio
- Dipartimento di Biologia D.B.A.F., Università degli Studi della Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy
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Kemppinen A, Sawcer S, Compston A. Genome-wide association studies in multiple sclerosis: lessons and future prospects. Brief Funct Genomics 2011; 10:61-70. [PMID: 21310812 DOI: 10.1093/bfgp/elr004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory neurodegenerative disease with complex aetiology. A haplotype within the major histocompatibility region is the major risk factor for MS, but despite clear evidence for a genetic component additional risk variants were not identified until the recent advent of genome-wide association studies (GWAS). At present, 10 GWAS have been conducted in MS, and together with follow-up studies these have confirmed 16 loci with genome-wide significance. Many of these common risk variants are located at or near genes with central immunological functions and the majority are associated with other autoimmune diseases. However, evidence from pathway analyses on more modestly associated variants also supports the involvement of neurological genes. Although the mechanisms by which the associated variants exert their effects are still poorly understood, some have been shown to correlate with expression of nearby genes. Further studies are required to define the functionally relevant variants in the identified regions and to investigate their effects at the molecular and cellular level. Finally, many genetic risk variants for MS remain to be identified. In order to expose some of the loci with more modest effects, a GWAS in nearly 10,000 MS patients has recently been completed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu Kemppinen
- Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, UK.
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Liuzzi GM, Latronico T, Branà MT, Gramegna P, Coniglio MG, Rossano R, Larocca M, Riccio P. Structure-Dependent Inhibition of Gelatinases by Dietary Antioxidants in Rat Astrocytes and Sera of Multiple Sclerosis Patients. Neurochem Res 2011; 36:518-27. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-010-0373-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/15/2010] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Stoffel JT. Contemporary management of the neurogenic bladder for multiple sclerosis patients. Urol Clin North Am 2010; 37:547-57. [PMID: 20955906 DOI: 10.1016/j.ucl.2010.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Urinary symptoms related to multiple sclerosis (MS) present a complex challenge for the treating physician. However, several treatment options are available for the symptomatic patient once the physician understands basic MS disease epidemiology and pathophysiology. Depending of disease status and symptoms, MS urinary symptoms may respond to directed behavioral, pharmacologic, intravesical, neuromodulation, or surgical therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T Stoffel
- Department of Urology, Lahey Clinic, 41 Mall Road, Burlington, MA 01805, USA.
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