1
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Cottrell CA, Pratap PP, Cirelli KM, Carnathan DG, Enemuo CA, Antanasijevic A, Ozorowski G, Sewall LM, Gao H, Allen JD, Nogal B, Silva M, Bhiman J, Pauthner M, Irvine DJ, Montefiori D, Crispin M, Burton DR, Silvestri G, Crotty S, Ward AB. Priming antibody responses to the fusion peptide in rhesus macaques. NPJ Vaccines 2024; 9:126. [PMID: 38997302 PMCID: PMC11245479 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-024-00918-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunodominance of antibodies targeting non-neutralizing epitopes and the high level of somatic hypermutation within germinal centers (GCs) required for most HIV broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) are major impediments to the development of an effective HIV vaccine. Rational protein vaccine design and non-conventional immunization strategies are potential avenues to overcome these hurdles. Here, we report using implantable osmotic pumps to continuously deliver a series of epitope-targeted immunogens to rhesus macaques over the course of six months to prime and elicit antibody responses against the conserved fusion peptide (FP). GC responses and antibody specificities were tracked longitudinally using lymph node fine-needle aspirates and electron microscopy polyclonal epitope mapping (EMPEM), respectively, to show antibody responses to the FP/N611 glycan hole region were primed, although exhibited limited neutralization breadth. Application of cryoEMPEM delineated key residues for on-target and off-target responses that can drive the next round of structure-based vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Cottrell
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Payal P Pratap
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Kimberly M Cirelli
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Diane G Carnathan
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Chiamaka A Enemuo
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Aleksandar Antanasijevic
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Gabriel Ozorowski
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Leigh M Sewall
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Hongmei Gao
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute and Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center Durham, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Joel D Allen
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Bartek Nogal
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Murillo Silva
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Jinal Bhiman
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Matthias Pauthner
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Darrell J Irvine
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - David Montefiori
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute and Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center Durham, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Max Crispin
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Dennis R Burton
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Guido Silvestri
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Shane Crotty
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Division of Infectious Disease and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Andrew B Ward
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
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2
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Liu Y, Zhao X, Gan F, Chen X, Deng K, Crowe SA, Hudson GA, Belcher MS, Schmidt M, Astolfi MCT, Kosina SM, Pang B, Shao M, Yin J, Sirirungruang S, Iavarone AT, Reed J, Martin LBB, El-Demerdash A, Kikuchi S, Misra RC, Liang X, Cronce MJ, Chen X, Zhan C, Kakumanu R, Baidoo EEK, Chen Y, Petzold CJ, Northen TR, Osbourn A, Scheller H, Keasling JD. Complete biosynthesis of QS-21 in engineered yeast. Nature 2024; 629:937-944. [PMID: 38720067 PMCID: PMC11111400 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07345-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
QS-21 is a potent vaccine adjuvant and remains the only saponin-based adjuvant that has been clinically approved for use in humans1,2. However, owing to the complex structure of QS-21, its availability is limited. Today, the supply depends on laborious extraction from the Chilean soapbark tree or on low-yielding total chemical synthesis3,4. Here we demonstrate the complete biosynthesis of QS-21 and its precursors, as well as structural derivatives, in engineered yeast strains. The successful biosynthesis in yeast requires fine-tuning of the host's native pathway fluxes, as well as the functional and balanced expression of 38 heterologous enzymes. The required biosynthetic pathway spans seven enzyme families-a terpene synthase, P450s, nucleotide sugar synthases, glycosyltransferases, a coenzyme A ligase, acyl transferases and polyketide synthases-from six organisms, and mimics in yeast the subcellular compartmentalization of plants from the endoplasmic reticulum membrane to the cytosol. Finally, by taking advantage of the promiscuity of certain pathway enzymes, we produced structural analogues of QS-21 using this biosynthetic platform. This microbial production scheme will allow for the future establishment of a structure-activity relationship, and will thus enable the rational design of potent vaccine adjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhong Liu
- California Institute of Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA
| | - Xixi Zhao
- California Institute of Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA
| | - Fei Gan
- California Institute of Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA
| | - Xiaoyue Chen
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Kai Deng
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA
- Department of Biomaterials and Biomanufacturing, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA, USA
| | - Samantha A Crowe
- California Institute of Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Graham A Hudson
- California Institute of Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA
| | - Michael S Belcher
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Matthias Schmidt
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA
- Division of Biological Systems and Engineering, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Institute of Applied Microbiology, Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Maria C T Astolfi
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Suzanne M Kosina
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Bo Pang
- California Institute of Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA
| | - Minglong Shao
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA
- Division of Biological Systems and Engineering, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Jing Yin
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA
- Division of Biological Systems and Engineering, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Sasilada Sirirungruang
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Center for Biomolecular Structure, Function and Application, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Anthony T Iavarone
- California Institute of Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - James Reed
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | | | - Amr El-Demerdash
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | | | | | - Xiaomeng Liang
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA
- Division of Biological Systems and Engineering, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Michael J Cronce
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Xiulai Chen
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA
- Division of Biological Systems and Engineering, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Chunjun Zhan
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA
- Division of Biological Systems and Engineering, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Ramu Kakumanu
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA
- Division of Biological Systems and Engineering, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Edward E K Baidoo
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA
- Division of Biological Systems and Engineering, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Yan Chen
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA
- Division of Biological Systems and Engineering, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Christopher J Petzold
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA
- Division of Biological Systems and Engineering, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Trent R Northen
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Anne Osbourn
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Henrik Scheller
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Jay D Keasling
- California Institute of Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA.
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Division of Biological Systems and Engineering, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Center for Biosustainability, Danish Technical University, Lyngby, Denmark.
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3
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Abucayon EG, Sweeney S, Matyas GR. A Reliable Quantification of Cholesterol and 25-Hydroxycholesterol in Liposomal Adjuvant Formulation by Liquid Chromatography High-Resolution Tandem Mass Spectrometry. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:19637-19644. [PMID: 38708252 PMCID: PMC11064170 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c01524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Cholesterol, as one of the major components of liposomes, plays a critical role in modulating membrane bilayer permeability, fluidity, and structural stability. Controlling these quality attributes is essential to maintaining the efficacy and fitness of the liposomes in various applications. However, during the manufacture and storage of liposomes, cholesterol has a propensity to undergo oxidative degradation. Hence, an analytical tool that is capable of determining not only the identity and quantity of cholesterol but also its associated degradants is a prerequisite to effective process control and product quality and safety assessments. In this view, a new liquid chromatography electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) method with parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) was developed and qualified to accurately quantify cholesterol and monitor the formation of 25-hydroxycholesterol degradant in liposomal drug formulations without the use of an isotopic internal standard (IS). The method was qualified according to the FDA Quality Guidance for Industry: Q2(R1). Study results showed that the method presents good specificity for cholesterol and 25-hydroxycholesterol detection in the liposomal matrix, good sensitivity characterized by LOD/LOQ in the nanomolar range, and accuracy within the range of 80 to 120%. The described method enables accurate evaluation of in-process and product release samples of Army Liposome Formulation with QS21 (ALFQ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwin G. Abucayon
- U.S.
Military HIV Research Program, Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910, United States
- Henry
M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, 6720A Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20817, United States
| | - Scott Sweeney
- Avanti
Polar Lipids, LLC, 700
Industrial Park Drive, Alabaster, Alabama 35007, United States
| | - Gary R. Matyas
- U.S.
Military HIV Research Program, Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910, United States
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4
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Krasilnikov I, Isaev A, Djonovic M, Ivanov A, Romanovskaya-Romanko E, Stukova M, Zverev V. Transformative vaccination: A pentavalent shield against COVID-19 and influenza with betulin-based adjuvant for enhanced immunity. Vaccine 2024; 42:2191-2199. [PMID: 38508927 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.11.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
The development of an effective combined vaccine represents a crucial strategy for preventing outbreaks of infectious diseases and reducing the burden on healthcare resources. Developing a combined vaccine against both influenza and the coronavirus is a promising approach, but it is still in the early stages of development. This paper reports on a novel combined pentavalent candidate vaccine that has shown promising results in mice, with statistically significant differences in mean antibody titer against the coronavirus and the influenza antigens compared to placebo. We have shown that the coronavirus antigen is capable of inducing an immune response autonomously, regardless of the presence of the influenza antigens in a combined vaccine. On the other hand, the presence of the coronavirus antigen in a combined vaccine showed to enhance the immune response against some of the studied influenza antigens, suggesting that these antigens may act in synergy and elicit an enhanced immune response. The absence of dose-dependent difference in mean antibody titer within the same antigenic groups of vaccine preparations suggested that even small amounts of the coronavirus and the influenza antigens could induce an immune response just as good as high-dose vaccine preparations, which certainly has important safety and cost implications. The vaccine is soon to be ready for clinical trials and mass production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Krasilnikov
- Biotechnology Developments JSC, Moscow, Russia; The Human Stem Cells Institute, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Artur Isaev
- The Human Stem Cells Institute, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Milana Djonovic
- Biotechnology Developments JSC, Moscow, Russia; The Human Stem Cells Institute, Moscow, Russia; Mayo Clinic, Rochester, USA.
| | | | | | - Marina Stukova
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Vitaly Zverev
- Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera, St. Petersburg, Russia.
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5
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Wang N, Wang T. Innovative translational platforms for rapid developing clinical vaccines against COVID-19 and other infectious disease. Biotechnol J 2024; 19:e2300658. [PMID: 38403469 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202300658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
A vaccine is a biological preparation that contains the antigen capable of stimulating the immune system to form the defense against pathogens. Vaccine development often confronts big challenges, including time/energy-consuming, low efficacy, lag to pathogen emergence and mutation, and even safety concern. However, these seem now mostly conquerable through constructing the advanced translational platforms that can make innovative vaccines, sometimes, potentiated with a distinct multifunctional VADS (vaccine adjuvant delivery system), as evidenced by the development of various vaccines against the covid-19 pandemic at warp speed. Particularly, several covid-19 vaccines, such as the viral-vectored vaccines, mRNA vaccines and DNA vaccines, regarded as the innovative ones that are rapidly made via the high technology-based translational platforms. These products have manifested powerful efficacy while showing no unacceptable safety profile in clinics, allowing them to be approved for massive vaccination at also warp speed. Now, the proprietary translational platforms integrated with the state-of-the-art biotechnologies, and even the artificial intelligence (AI), represent an efficient mode for rapid making innovative clinical vaccines against infections, thus increasingly attracting interests of vaccine research and development. Herein, the advanced translational platforms for making innovative vaccines, together with their design principles and immunostimulatory efficacies, are comprehensively elaborated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- School of Food and Biological engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Ting Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
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6
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Han S, Lee P, Choi HJ. Non-Invasive Vaccines: Challenges in Formulation and Vaccine Adjuvants. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2114. [PMID: 37631328 PMCID: PMC10458847 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15082114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the limitations of conventional invasive vaccines, such as the requirement for a cold chain system and trained personnel, needle-based injuries, and limited immunogenicity, non-invasive vaccines have gained significant attention. Although numerous approaches for formulating and administrating non-invasive vaccines have emerged, each of them faces its own challenges associated with vaccine bioavailability, toxicity, and other issues. To overcome such limitations, researchers have created novel supplementary materials and delivery systems. The goal of this review article is to provide vaccine formulation researchers with the most up-to-date information on vaccine formulation and the immunological mechanisms available, to identify the technical challenges associated with the commercialization of non-invasive vaccines, and to guide future research and development efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hyo-Jick Choi
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada; (S.H.); (P.L.)
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7
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Zhu W, Park J, Pho T, Wei L, Dong C, Kim J, Ma Y, Champion JA, Wang BZ. ISCOMs/MPLA-Adjuvanted SDAD Protein Nanoparticles Induce Improved Mucosal Immune Responses and Cross-Protection in Mice. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2301801. [PMID: 37162451 PMCID: PMC10524461 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202301801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The epidemics caused by the influenza virus are a serious threat to public health and the economy. Adding appropriate adjuvants to improve immunogenicity and finding effective mucosal vaccines to combat respiratory infection at the portal of virus entry are important strategies to boost protection. In this study, a novel type of core/shell protein nanoparticle consisting of influenza nucleoprotein (NP) as the core and NA1-M2e or NA2-M2e fusion proteins as the coating antigens by SDAD hetero-bifunctional crosslinking is exploited. Immune-stimulating complexes (ISCOMs)/monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) adjuvants further boost the NP/NA-M2e SDAD protein nanoparticle-induced immune responses when administered intramuscularly. The ISCOMs/MPLA-adjuvanted protein nanoparticles are delivered through the intranasal route to validate the application as mucosal vaccines. ISCOMs/MPLA-adjuvanted nanoparticles induce significantly strengthened antigen-specific antibody responses, cytokine-secreting splenocytes in the systemic compartment, and higher levels of antigen-specific IgA and IgG in the local mucosa. Meanwhile, significantly expanded lung resident memory (RM) T and B cells (TRM /BRM ) and alveolar macrophages population are observed in ISCOMs/MPLA-adjuvanted nanoparticle-immunized mice with a 100% survival rate after homogeneous and heterogeneous H3N2 viral challenges. Taken together, ISCOMs/MPLA-adjuvanted protein nanoparticles could improve strong systemic and mucosal immune responses conferring protection in different immunization routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wandi Zhu
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Jaeyoung Park
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Thomas Pho
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- Bioengineering Program, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Lai Wei
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Chunhong Dong
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Joo Kim
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Yao Ma
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Julie A. Champion
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- Bioengineering Program, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Bao-Zhong Wang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
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8
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Ho NI, Huis In 't Veld LGM, van Eck van der Sluijs J, Heuts BMH, Looman MWG, Kers-Rebel ED, van den Dries K, Dolstra H, Martens JHA, Hobo W, Adema GJ. Saponin-based adjuvants enhance antigen cross-presentation in human CD11c + CD1c + CD5 - CD163 + conventional type 2 dendritic cells. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:e007082. [PMID: 37612044 PMCID: PMC10450066 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2023-007082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adjuvants are key for effective vaccination against cancer and chronic infectious diseases. Saponin-based adjuvants (SBAs) are unique among adjuvants in their ability to induce robust cell-mediated immune responses in addition to antibody responses. Recent preclinical studies revealed that SBAs induced cross-presentation and lipid bodies in otherwise poorly cross-presenting CD11b+ murine dendritic cells (DCs). METHOD Here, we investigated the response of human DC subsets to SBAs with RNA sequencing and pathway analyses, lipid body induction visualized by laser scanning microscopy, antigen translocation to the cytosol, and antigen cross-presentation to CD8+ T cells. RESULTS RNA sequencing of SBA-treated conventional type 1 DC (cDC1) and type 2 DC (cDC2) subsets uncovered that SBAs upregulated lipid-related pathways in CD11c+ CD1c+ cDC2s, especially in the CD5- CD163+ CD14+ cDC2 subset. Moreover, SBAs induced lipid bodies and enhanced endosomal antigen translocation into the cytosol in this particular cDC2 subset. Finally, SBAs enhanced cross-presentation only in cDC2s, which requires the CD163+ CD14+ cDC2 subset. CONCLUSIONS These data thus identify the CD163+ CD14+ cDC2 subset as the main SBA-responsive DC subset in humans and imply new strategies to optimize the application of saponin-based adjuvants in a potent cancer vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataschja I Ho
- Radiotherapy and OncoImmunology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Nijmegen Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lisa G M Huis In 't Veld
- Radiotherapy and OncoImmunology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Nijmegen Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jesper van Eck van der Sluijs
- Radiotherapy and OncoImmunology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Nijmegen Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Hematology, Radboud University Nijmegen Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Branco M H Heuts
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud University Nijmegen Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Maaike W G Looman
- Radiotherapy and OncoImmunology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Nijmegen Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Esther D Kers-Rebel
- Radiotherapy and OncoImmunology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Nijmegen Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Koen van den Dries
- Radboud Technology Center Microscopy, Radboud University Nijmegen Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Harry Dolstra
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Hematology, Radboud University Nijmegen Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Joost H A Martens
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud University Nijmegen Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Willemijn Hobo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Hematology, Radboud University Nijmegen Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gosse J Adema
- Radiotherapy and OncoImmunology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Nijmegen Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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9
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Cottrell CA, Pratap PP, Cirelli KM, Carnathan DG, Enemuo CA, Antanasijevic A, Ozorowski G, Sewall LM, Gao H, Greene KM, Allen JD, Ngo JT, Choe Y, Nogal B, Silva M, Bhiman J, Pauthner M, Irvine DJ, Montefiori D, Crispin M, Burton DR, Silvestri G, Crotty S, Ward AB. Focusing antibody responses to the fusion peptide in rhesus macaques. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.26.545779. [PMID: 37425865 PMCID: PMC10327030 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.26.545779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Immunodominance of antibodies targeting non-neutralizing epitopes and the high level of somatic hypermutation within germinal centers (GCs) required for most HIV broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) are major impediments to the development of an effective HIV vaccine. Rational protein vaccine design and non-conventional immunization strategies are potential avenues to overcome these hurdles. Here, we report using implantable osmotic pumps to continuously deliver a series of epitope-targeted immunogens to rhesus macaques over the course of six months to elicit immune responses against the conserved fusion peptide. Antibody specificities and GC responses were tracked longitudinally using electron microscopy polyclonal epitope mapping (EMPEM) and lymph node fine-needle aspirates, respectively. Application of cryoEMPEM delineated key residues for on-target and off-target responses that can drive the next round of structure-based vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A. Cottrell
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Neutralizing Antibody Center, the Collaboration for AIDS Vaccine Discovery (CAVD) and Scripps Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Payal P. Pratap
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Neutralizing Antibody Center, the Collaboration for AIDS Vaccine Discovery (CAVD) and Scripps Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Kimberly M. Cirelli
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Diane G. Carnathan
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Neutralizing Antibody Center, the Collaboration for AIDS Vaccine Discovery (CAVD) and Scripps Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Chiamaka A Enemuo
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Aleksandar Antanasijevic
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Neutralizing Antibody Center, the Collaboration for AIDS Vaccine Discovery (CAVD) and Scripps Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Gabriel Ozorowski
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Neutralizing Antibody Center, the Collaboration for AIDS Vaccine Discovery (CAVD) and Scripps Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Leigh M. Sewall
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Neutralizing Antibody Center, the Collaboration for AIDS Vaccine Discovery (CAVD) and Scripps Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Hongmei Gao
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute and Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kelli M. Greene
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute and Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Joel D. Allen
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Julia T. Ngo
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Yury Choe
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Bartek Nogal
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Neutralizing Antibody Center, the Collaboration for AIDS Vaccine Discovery (CAVD) and Scripps Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Murillo Silva
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jinal Bhiman
- Centre for HIV and STI, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | - Darrell J. Irvine
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Neutralizing Antibody Center, the Collaboration for AIDS Vaccine Discovery (CAVD) and Scripps Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - David Montefiori
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute and Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Max Crispin
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Dennis R. Burton
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Neutralizing Antibody Center, the Collaboration for AIDS Vaccine Discovery (CAVD) and Scripps Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA02139, USA
| | - Guido Silvestri
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Neutralizing Antibody Center, the Collaboration for AIDS Vaccine Discovery (CAVD) and Scripps Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Shane Crotty
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Neutralizing Antibody Center, the Collaboration for AIDS Vaccine Discovery (CAVD) and Scripps Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Division of Infectious Disease and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Andrew B. Ward
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Neutralizing Antibody Center, the Collaboration for AIDS Vaccine Discovery (CAVD) and Scripps Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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10
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Thanvi R, Nada S, Dissanayake R, Vartak A, Sebilleau CO, Alom NE, Prestwich EG, Wall KA, Sucheck SJ. Synthesis and Evaluation of a Self-Adjuvanting Pseudomonal Vaccine Based on Major Outer Membrane Porin OprF Epitopes Formulated with Low-Toxicity QS-21-Containing Liposomes. Bioconjug Chem 2023; 34:893-910. [PMID: 37092892 PMCID: PMC10723056 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.3c00103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) is a Gram-negative pathogen that the World Health Organization has ranked as a priority 1 (critical) threat. One potential prophylactic approach to preventing or reducing the incidence of PA would be development of a long sought-after vaccine. Both antibody and CD4+ T-cell responses have been noted as playing key roles in protection against infection. In these studies, we have designed a prototype vaccine consisting of several known linear B-cell epitopes derived from an outer membrane porin F (OprF). The resulting thiol-containing protein was conjugated to a version of the lipopeptide-based Toll-like receptor agonist Pam3CysSK4Mal (10) containing a maleimide moiety and formulated into dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC)/cholesterol (Chol) liposomes. Mice immunized with the resulting vaccine generated antibodies that bound PA14 (serotype O10) in vitro and induced opsonization in the presence of rabbit complement and murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells. The liposome was optimized to contain 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC), 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-rac-glycerol) (DMPG), Chol, Pam3CysSK4-OprF (12) and the Quillaja saponaria-derived saponin adjuvant QS-21. The resulting vaccine formulation produced significantly higher antibody titers, increased the IgG2a antibody isotype, and increased the number of IgG-producing B-cells as well as splenic primed T-cells. In summary, the liposomal vaccine platform was found highly useful for the generation of a robust and balanced TH1/TH2 response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhika Thanvi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Shadia Nada
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43614, United States
| | - Ravindika Dissanayake
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43614, United States
| | - Abhishek Vartak
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Chloé Olayinka Sebilleau
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Nur-E Alom
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Erin G Prestwich
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43614, United States
| | - Katherine A Wall
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43614, United States
| | - Steven J Sucheck
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
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11
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Pires IS, Ni K, Melo MB, Li N, Ben-Akiva E, Maiorino L, Dye J, Rodrigues KA, Yun D, Kim B, Hosn RR, Hammond PT, Irvine DJ. Controlled Lipid Self-Assembly for Scalable Manufacturing of Next-Generation Immune Stimulating Complexes. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL (LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND : 1996) 2023; 464:142664. [PMID: 38737525 PMCID: PMC11081102 DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2023.142664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Immune stimulating complexes (ISCOMs) are safe and effective saponin-based adjuvants formed by the self-assembly of saponin, cholesterol, and phospholipids in water to form cage-like 30-40 nm diameter particles. Inclusion of the Toll-like receptor 4 agonist monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) in ISCOM particles yields a promising next-generation adjuvant termed Saponin-MPLA NanoParticles (SMNP). In this work, we detail protocols to produce ISCOMs or SMNP via a tangential flow filtration (TFF) process suitable for scalable synthesis and Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) production of clinical-grade adjuvants. SMNP or ISCOM components were solubilized in micelles of the surfactant MEGA-10, then diluted below the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of the surfactant to drive ISCOM self-assembly. Assembly of ISCOM/SMNP particles using the purified saponin QS-21 used in clinical-grade saponin adjuvants was found to require controlled stepwise dilution of the initial micellar solution, to prevent formation of undesirable kinetically-trapped aggregate species. An optimized protocol gave yields of ~77% based on the initial feed of QS-21 and the final SMNP particle composition mirrored the feed ratios of the components. Further, samples were highly homogeneous with comparable quality to that of material prepared at lab scale by dialysis and purified via size-exclusion chromatography. This protocol may be useful for clinical preparation of ISCOM-based vaccine adjuvants and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan S Pires
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 25 Ames Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, United States
| | - Kaiyuan Ni
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, United States
| | - Mariane Bandeira Melo
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, United States
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Na Li
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, United States
| | - Elana Ben-Akiva
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, United States
| | - Laura Maiorino
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, United States
| | - Jonathan Dye
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, United States
| | - Kristen A Rodrigues
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MA, MA 02139, United States
- Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology Program, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
| | - DongSoo Yun
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, United States
| | - Byungji Kim
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, United States
| | - Ryan R Hosn
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, United States
| | - Paula T Hammond
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 25 Ames Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, United States
| | - Darrell J Irvine
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, United States
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
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12
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Stertman L, Palm AKE, Zarnegar B, Carow B, Lunderius Andersson C, Magnusson SE, Carnrot C, Shinde V, Smith G, Glenn G, Fries L, Lövgren Bengtsson K. The Matrix-M™ adjuvant: A critical component of vaccines for the 21 st century. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2023; 19:2189885. [PMID: 37113023 PMCID: PMC10158541 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2189885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Matrix-M™ adjuvant is a key component of several novel vaccine candidates. The Matrix-M adjuvant consists of two distinct fractions of saponins purified from the Quillaja saponaria Molina tree, combined with cholesterol and phospholipids to form 40-nm open cage-like nanoparticles, achieving potent adjuvanticity with a favorable safety profile. Matrix-M induces early activation of innate immune cells at the injection site and in the draining lymph nodes. This translates into improved magnitude and quality of the antibody response to the antigen, broadened epitope recognition, and the induction of a Th1-dominant immune response. Matrix-M-adjuvanted vaccines have a favorable safety profile and are well tolerated in clinical trials. In this review, we discuss the latest findings on the mechanisms of action, efficacy, and safety of Matrix-M adjuvant and other saponin-based adjuvants, with a focus on the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) subunit vaccine candidate NVX-CoV2373 developed to prevent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Stertman
- Department Product Development, Novavax AB, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | | | - Berit Carow
- Department Product Development, Novavax AB, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Sofia E Magnusson
- Department Alliance and Project Management, Novavax AB, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Carnrot
- Department Alliance and Project Management, Novavax AB, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Vivek Shinde
- Department Research and Development, Novavax, Inc, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Gale Smith
- Department Research and Development, Novavax, Inc, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Gregory Glenn
- Department Research and Development, Novavax, Inc, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Louis Fries
- Department Research and Development, Novavax, Inc, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
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13
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Castrodeza-Sanz J, Sanz-Muñoz I, Eiros JM. Adjuvants for COVID-19 Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11050902. [PMID: 37243006 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11050902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, the improvement of traditional vaccines has meant that we have moved from inactivated whole virus vaccines, which provoke a moderate immune response but notable adverse effects, to much more processed vaccines such as protein subunit vaccines, which despite being less immunogenic have better tolerability profiles. This reduction in immunogenicity is detrimental to the prevention of people at risk. For this reason, adjuvants are a good solution to improve the immunogenicity of this type of vaccine, with much better tolerability profiles and a low prevalence of side effects. During the COVID-19 pandemic, vaccination focused on mRNA-type and viral vector vaccines. However, during the years 2022 and 2023, the first protein-based vaccines began to be approved. Adjuvanted vaccines are capable of inducing potent responses, not only humoral but also cellular, in populations whose immune systems are weak or do not respond properly, such as the elderly. Therefore, this type of vaccine should complete the portfolio of existing vaccines, and could help to complete vaccination against COVID-19 worldwide now and over the coming years. In this review we analyze the advantages and disadvantages of adjuvants, as well as their use in current and future vaccines against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Castrodeza-Sanz
- National Influenza Centre, 47005 Valladolid, Spain
- Preventive Medicine and Public Health Unit, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, 47003 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Iván Sanz-Muñoz
- National Influenza Centre, 47005 Valladolid, Spain
- Instituto de Estudios de Ciencias de la Salud de Castilla y León, ICSCYL, 42002 Soria, Spain
| | - Jose M Eiros
- National Influenza Centre, 47005 Valladolid, Spain
- Microbiology Unit, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, 47003 Valladolid, Spain
- Microbiology Unit, Hospital Universitario Río Hortega, 47013 Valladolid, Spain
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14
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Villarraza J, Fuselli A, Gugliotta A, Garay E, Rodríguez MC, Fontana D, Antuña S, Gastaldi V, Battagliotti JM, Tardivo MB, Alvarez D, Castro E, Cassataro J, Ceaglio N, Prieto C. A COVID-19 vaccine candidate based on SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and immune-stimulating complexes. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:3429-3441. [PMID: 37093307 PMCID: PMC10124706 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12520-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Spike protein from SARS-CoV-2, the etiologic agent of the COVID-19 pandemic disease, constitutes a structural protein that proved to be the main responsible for neutralizing antibody production. Thus, its sequence is highly considered for the design of candidate vaccines. Animal cell culture represents the best option for the production of subunit vaccines based on recombinant proteins since they introduce post-translational modifications that are important to mimic the natural antigenic epitopes. Particularly, the human cell line HEK293T has been explored and used for the production of biotherapeutics since the products derived from them present human-like post-translational modifications that are important for the protein's activity and immunogenicity. The aim of this study was to produce and characterize a potential vaccine for COVID-19 based on the spike ectodomain (S-ED) of SARS-CoV-2 and two different adjuvants: aluminum hydroxide (AH) and immune-stimulating complexes (ISCOMs). The S-ED was produced in sHEK293T cells using a 1-L stirred tank bioreactor operated in perfusion mode and purified. S-ED characterization revealed the expected size and morphology. High N-glycan content was confirmed. S-ED-specific binding with the hACE2 (human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2) receptor was verified. The immunogenicity of S-ED was evaluated using AH and ISCOMs. Both formulations demonstrated the presence of anti-RBD antibodies in the plasma of immunized mice, being significantly higher for the latter adjuvant. Also, higher levels of IFN-γ and IL-4 were detected after the ex vivo immune stimulation of spleen-derived MNCs from ISCOMs immunized mice. Further analysis confirmed that S-ED/ISCOMs elicit neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. KEY POINTS: Trimeric SARS-CoV-2 S-ED was produced in stable recombinant sHEK cells in serum-free medium. A novel S-ED vaccine formulation induced potent humoral and cellular immunity. S-ED formulated with ISCOMs adjuvant elicited a highly neutralizing antibody titer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Villarraza
- UNL, CONICET, FBCB, Centro Biotecnológico del Litoral, Santa Fe, Pcia., Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Antonela Fuselli
- UNL, CONICET, FBCB, Centro Biotecnológico del Litoral, Santa Fe, Pcia., Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Agustina Gugliotta
- UNL, CONICET, FBCB, Centro Biotecnológico del Litoral, Santa Fe, Pcia., Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - Ernesto Garay
- UNL, CONICET, FBCB, Centro Biotecnológico del Litoral, Santa Fe, Pcia., Santa Fe, Argentina
| | | | - Diego Fontana
- Biotecnofe S.A. PTLC, Santa Fe, Pcia., Santa Fe, Argentina
- UNL, FBCB, Centro Biotecnológico del Litoral, Santa Fe, Pcia., Santa Fe, Argentina
| | | | - Victoria Gastaldi
- UNL, CONICET, FBCB, Centro Biotecnológico del Litoral, Santa Fe, Pcia., Santa Fe, Argentina
- Biotecnofe S.A. PTLC, Santa Fe, Pcia., Santa Fe, Argentina
| | | | | | - Diego Alvarez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Escuela de Bio y Nanotecnologías (EByN), Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eliana Castro
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juliana Cassataro
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Escuela de Bio y Nanotecnologías (EByN), Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Natalia Ceaglio
- UNL, CONICET, FBCB, Centro Biotecnológico del Litoral, Santa Fe, Pcia., Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Claudio Prieto
- Biotecnofe S.A. PTLC, Santa Fe, Pcia., Santa Fe, Argentina
- UNL, FBCB, Centro Biotecnológico del Litoral, Santa Fe, Pcia., Santa Fe, Argentina
- Cellargen Biotech SRL, Santa Fe, Pcia., Santa Fe, Argentina
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15
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Malik S, Muhammad K, Aslam SM, Waheed Y. Tracing the recent updates on vaccination approaches and significant adjuvants being developed against HIV. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2023; 21:431-446. [PMID: 36803177 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2023.2182771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV1); the causative agent of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), has been a major target of the scientific community to develop an anti-viral therapy. Some successful discoveries have been made during the last two decades in the form of availability of antiviral therapy in endemic regions. Nevertheless, a total cure and safety vaccine has not yet been designed to eradicate HIV from the world. AREAS COVERED The purpose of this comprehensive study is to compile recent data regarding therapeutic interventions against HIV and to determine future research needs in this field. A systematic research strategy has been used to gather data from recent, most advanced published electronic sources. Literature based results show that experiments at the invitro level and animal models are continuously in research annals and are providing hope for human trials. EXPERT OPINION There is still a gap and more work is needed in the direction of modern drug and vaccination designs. Moreover coordination is necessary among researchers, educationists, public health workers, and the general community to communicate and coordinate the repercussions associated with the deadly disease. It is important for taking timely measures regarding mitigation and adaptation with HIV in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiza Malik
- Bridging Health Foundation, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Muhammad
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sanaa Masood Aslam
- Foundation University College of Dentistry, Foundation University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Yasir Waheed
- Office of Research, Innovation, and Commercialization (ORIC), Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University (SZABMU), Islamabad, Pakistan.,Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
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16
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Chen K, Wang N, Zhang X, Wang M, Liu Y, Shi Y. Potentials of saponins-based adjuvants for nasal vaccines. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1153042. [PMID: 37020548 PMCID: PMC10067588 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1153042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory infections are a major public health concern caused by pathogens that colonize and invade the respiratory mucosal surface. Nasal vaccines have the advantage of providing protection at the primary site of pathogen infection, as they induce higher levels of mucosal secretory IgA antibodies and antigen-specific T and B cell responses. Adjuvants are crucial components of vaccine formulation that enhance the immunogenicity of the antigen to confer long-term and effective protection. Saponins, natural glycosides derived from plants, shown potential as vaccine adjuvants, as they can activate the mammalian immune system. Several licensed human vaccines containing saponins-based adjuvants administrated through intramuscular injection have demonstrated good efficacy and safety. Increasing evidence suggests that saponins can also be used as adjuvants for nasal vaccines, owing to their safety profile and potential to augment immune response. In this review, we will discuss the structure-activity-relationship of saponins, their important role in nasal vaccines, and future prospects for improving their efficacy and application in nasal vaccine for respiratory infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Chen
- Department of Radiology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- West China Biopharmaceutical Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ning Wang
- West China Biopharmaceutical Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- West China Biopharmaceutical Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Meng Wang
- West China Biopharmaceutical Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yanyu Liu
- West China Biopharmaceutical Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yun Shi
- West China Biopharmaceutical Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- *Correspondence: Yun Shi,
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17
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Wu F, Qin M, Wang H, Sun X. Nanovaccines to combat virus-related diseases. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 15:e1857. [PMID: 36184873 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The invention and application of vaccines have made tremendous contributions to fight against pandemics for human beings. However, current vaccines still have shortcomings such as insufficient cellular immunity, the lack of cross-protection, and the risk of antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE). Thus, the prevention and control of pandemic viruses including Ebola Virus, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Influenza A viruses, Zika, and current SARS-CoV-2 are still extremely challenging. Nanoparticles with unique physical, chemical, and biological properties, hold promising potentials for the development of ideal vaccines against these viral infections. Moreover, the approval of the first nanoparticle-based mRNA vaccine BNT162b has established historic milestones that greatly inspired the clinical translation of nanovaccines. Given the safety and extensive application of subunit vaccines, and the rapid rise of mRNA vaccines, this review mainly focuses on these two vaccine strategies and provides an overview of the nanoparticle-based vaccine delivery platforms to tackle the current and next global health challenges. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Infectious Disease Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuhua Wu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ming Qin
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hairui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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18
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Chen X. Emerging adjuvants for intradermal vaccination. Int J Pharm 2023; 632:122559. [PMID: 36586639 PMCID: PMC9794530 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The majority of vaccines have been delivered into the muscular tissue. Skin contains large amounts of antigen-presenting cells and has been recognized as a more immunogenic site for vaccine delivery. Intradermal delivery has been approved to improve influenza vaccine efficacy and spare influenza vaccine doses. In response to the recent monkeypox outbreak, intradermal delivery has been also approved to stretch the limited monkeypox vaccine doses to immunize more people at risk. Incorporation of vaccine adjuvants is promising to further increase intradermal vaccine efficacy and spare more vaccine doses. Yet, intradermal vaccination is associated with more significant local reactions than intramuscular vaccination. Thus, adjuvants suitable to boost intradermal vaccination need to have a good local safety without inducing overt local reactions. This review introduces currently approved adjuvants in licensed human vaccines and their relative reactogenicity for intradermal delivery and then introduces emerging chemical and physical adjuvants with a good local safety to boost intradermal vaccination. The rational to develop physical adjuvants, the types of physical adjuvants, and the unique advantages of physical adjuvants to boost intradermal vaccination are also introduced in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Chen
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, 7 Greenhouse Road, Avedisian Hall, Room 480, Kingston, RI 02881, United States.
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19
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Daubenberger CA, Moncunill G. Next-generation malaria subunit vaccines to reduce disease burden in African children. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2022; 22:1655-1656. [PMID: 36087589 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(22)00523-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia A Daubenberger
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland; University of Basel, Switzerland, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Gemma Moncunill
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Barcelona, Spain
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20
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CUEVAS-ROMERO JS, CERRITEÑO-SÁNCHEZ JL, LARA-ROMERO R, VEGA-LÓPEZ MA, RAMÍREZ-ESTUDILLO C, RAMÍREZ-MENDOZA H, BERG M, LÖVGREN-BENGTSSON K. Immunogenicity of a recombinant hemagglutinin neuraminidase-Porcine rubulavirus produced by Escherichia coli of Porcine rubulavirus gives protective immunity of litter after challenge. J Vet Med Sci 2022; 84:1595-1604. [PMID: 36273875 PMCID: PMC9791230 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.22-0207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine rubulavirus (PRV) is a contagious virus that affects the Mexican swine industry. This work aimed to evaluate the immunogenicity of an recombinant hemagglutinin neuraminidase-Porcine rubulavirus (rHN-PorPV) candidate vaccine on pregnant sows, and the protective efficacy afforded to their 7-day-old suckling piglets against PRV lethal challenge. Three sows were immunized with rHN-PorPV formulated with immune-stimulating complex (ISCOMs) and two sows with rHN-PorPV protein alone as well as a mock-immunized pregnant sow (negative control). Quantitative ELISA detected a high concentration of anti-rHN-PorPV Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies in sow sera after the second dose of vaccine administered on day 14 until farrowing, showing viral-neutralizing and cross-neutralization activity against different variants of PRV. Sera samples from piglets of immunized sows (with or without adjuvant), showed high concentrations of IgG antibodies. As expected, piglets from the negative control sow (n=5), exhibited severe signs of disease and 100% of mortality after PRV challenge study. Conversely, 75% and 87.5% of the piglets born from the rHN-PorPV and the rHN-PorPV-ISCOMs-immunized sows (n=8), survived, respectively, showing milder PRV clinical signs. Our data indicate that rHN-PorPV candidate vaccine produced in Escherichia coli induces efficient humoral response in pregnant sows and that the maternally derived immunity provides high protection to suckling piglets against PRV lethal challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julieta Sandra CUEVAS-ROMERO
- Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Salud
Animal e Inocuidad, INIFAP, México City, Mexico,Correspondence to: Cuevas-Romero JS: , Centro
Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Salud Animal e Inocuidad, INIFAP, KM. 15.5
Carretera México-Toluca. Col, Palo Alto, Cuajimalpa CP, 05110, Ciudad de México,
Mexico
| | | | - Rocío LARA-ROMERO
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán FESC-UNAM,
Cuautitlán Izcalli, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Marco Antonio VEGA-LÓPEZ
- Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del Instituto
Politécnico Nacional, México City, Mexico
| | - Carmen RAMÍREZ-ESTUDILLO
- Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del Instituto
Politécnico Nacional, México City, Mexico
| | | | - Mikael BERG
- Section of Virology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and
Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala,
Sweden
| | - Karin LÖVGREN-BENGTSSON
- Section of Virology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and
Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala,
Sweden,Isconova AB, Uppsala, Sweden
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21
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Lupi GA, Santiago Valtierra FX, Cabrera G, Spinelli R, Siano ÁS, González V, Osuna A, Oresti GM, Marcipar I. Development of low-cost cage-like particles to formulate veterinary vaccines. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2022; 251:110460. [PMID: 35901545 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2022.110460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Low-cost adjuvants are urgently needed for the development of veterinary vaccines able to trigger strong immune responses. In this work, we describe a method to obtain a low-cost cage-like particles (ISCOMATRIX-like) adjuvant useful to formulate veterinary vaccines candidates. The main components to form the particles are lipids and saponins, which were obtained from egg yolk by ethanolic extraction and by dialyzing a non-refined saponins extract, respectively. Lipids were fully characterized by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and gas-chromatography (GC) and enzymatic methods, and saponins were characterized by TLC, HPLC and MALDI-TOF. Cage-like particles were prepared with these components or with commercial inputs. Both particles and the traditional Alum used in veterinary vaccines were compared by immunizing mice with Ovalbumin (OVA) formulated with these adjuvants and assessing IgG1, IgG2a anti OVA antibodies and specific Delayed-type Hypersensitivity (DTH). In the yolk extract, a mixture of phospholipids, cholesterol and minor components of the extract (e.g. lyso-phospholipids) with suitable proportions to generate cage-like particles was obtained. Also, semi-purified saponins with similar features to those of the QuilA® were obtained. Cage-like particles prepared with these components have 40-50 nm and triggers similar levels of Anti-OVA IgG1 and DTH than with commercial inputs but higher specific-IgG2a. Both adjuvants largely increased the levels of IgG1, IgG2a and DTH in relation to the formulation with Alum. The methods described to extract lipids from egg yolk and saponins from non-refined extract allowed us to obtain an inexpensive and highly effective adjuvant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana A Lupi
- Laboratorio de Tecnología Inmunológica (Facultad de Bioquímica y Cs Biológicas Universidad Nacional del Litoral) - Santa Fe - Argentina - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Bs.As., Argentina
| | - Florencia X Santiago Valtierra
- Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia (DBByF), Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Bahía Blanca, Argentina; Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca (INIBIBB), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Bahía Blanca, Argentina, Bioquímica y Farmacia (DBByF), Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Gabriel Cabrera
- Laboratorio de Tecnología Inmunológica (Facultad de Bioquímica y Cs Biológicas Universidad Nacional del Litoral) - Santa Fe - Argentina - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Bs.As., Argentina
| | - Roque Spinelli
- Laboratorio de Péptidos Bioactivos - Departamento de Química Orgánica (Facultad de Bioquímica y Cs Biológicas Universidad Nacional del Litoral) - Santa Fe - Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Bs.As., Argentina
| | - Álvaro S Siano
- Laboratorio de Péptidos Bioactivos - Departamento de Química Orgánica (Facultad de Bioquímica y Cs Biológicas Universidad Nacional del Litoral) - Santa Fe - Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Bs.As., Argentina
| | - Verónica González
- Grupo de Polímeros y Reactores de Polimerización, INTEC (Universidad Nacional del Litoral, CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Antonio Osuna
- Grupo de Investigación en Bioquímica Molecular y Parasitología, Departamento de Parasitología, Instituto de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Gerardo M Oresti
- Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia (DBByF), Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Bahía Blanca, Argentina; Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca (INIBIBB), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Bahía Blanca, Argentina, Bioquímica y Farmacia (DBByF), Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Iván Marcipar
- Laboratorio de Tecnología Inmunológica (Facultad de Bioquímica y Cs Biológicas Universidad Nacional del Litoral) - Santa Fe - Argentina - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Bs.As., Argentina.
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22
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Escalante-Sansores AR, Absalón AE, Cortés-Espinosa DV. Improving immunogenicity of poultry vaccines by use of molecular adjuvants. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00439339.2022.2091502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Angel E. Absalón
- Vaxbiotek SC Departamento de Investigación y Desarrollo, Cuautlancingo, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Diana V. Cortés-Espinosa
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Aplicadla, Tlaxcala, Mexico
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23
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Carascal MB, Pavon RDN, Rivera WL. Recent Progress in Recombinant Influenza Vaccine Development Toward Heterosubtypic Immune Response. Front Immunol 2022; 13:878943. [PMID: 35663997 PMCID: PMC9162156 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.878943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Flu, a viral infection caused by the influenza virus, is still a global public health concern with potential to cause seasonal epidemics and pandemics. Vaccination is considered the most effective protective strategy against the infection. However, given the high plasticity of the virus and the suboptimal immunogenicity of existing influenza vaccines, scientists are moving toward the development of universal vaccines. An important property of universal vaccines is their ability to induce heterosubtypic immunity, i.e., a wide immune response coverage toward different influenza subtypes. With the increasing number of studies and mounting evidence on the safety and efficacy of recombinant influenza vaccines (RIVs), they have been proposed as promising platforms for the development of universal vaccines. This review highlights the current progress and advances in the development of RIVs in the context of heterosubtypic immunity induction toward universal vaccine production. In particular, this review discussed existing knowledge on influenza and vaccine development, current hemagglutinin-based RIVs in the market and in the pipeline, other potential vaccine targets for RIVs (neuraminidase, matrix 1 and 2, nucleoprotein, polymerase acidic, and basic 1 and 2 antigens), and deantigenization process. This review also provided discussion points and future perspectives in looking at RIVs as potential universal vaccine candidates for influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark B Carascal
- Pathogen-Host-Environment Interactions Research Laboratory, Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines.,Clinical and Translational Research Institute, The Medical City, Pasig City, Philippines
| | - Rance Derrick N Pavon
- Pathogen-Host-Environment Interactions Research Laboratory, Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Windell L Rivera
- Pathogen-Host-Environment Interactions Research Laboratory, Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
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24
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Mulamba C, Williams C, Kreppel K, Ouedraogo JB, Olotu AI. Evaluation of the Pfs25-IMX313/Matrix-M malaria transmission-blocking candidate vaccine in endemic settings. Malar J 2022; 21:159. [PMID: 35655174 PMCID: PMC9161629 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-022-04173-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria control relies heavily on the use of anti-malarial drugs and insecticides against malaria parasites and mosquito vectors. Drug and insecticide resistance threatens the effectiveness of conventional malarial interventions; alternative control approaches are, therefore, needed. The development of malaria transmission-blocking vaccines that target the sexual stages in humans or mosquito vectors is among new approaches being pursued. Here, the immunological mechanisms underlying malaria transmission blocking, status of Pfs25-based vaccines are viewed, as well as approaches and capacity for first in-human evaluation of a transmission-blocking candidate vaccine Pfs25-IMX313/Matrix-M administered to semi-immune healthy individuals in endemic settings. It is concluded that institutions in low and middle income settings should be supported to conduct first-in human vaccine trials in order to stimulate innovative research and reduce the overdependence on developed countries for research and local interventions against many diseases of public health importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Mulamba
- Interventions & Clinical Trials Department, Ifakara Health Institute, P.O. Box 74, Bagamoyo, Tanzania.,Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Tengeru, P. O. Box 447, Arusha, Tanzania
| | - Chris Williams
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Katharina Kreppel
- Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Tengeru, P. O. Box 447, Arusha, Tanzania
| | | | - Ally I Olotu
- Interventions & Clinical Trials Department, Ifakara Health Institute, P.O. Box 74, Bagamoyo, Tanzania.
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25
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Domnich A, Orsi A, Trombetta CS, Guarona G, Panatto D, Icardi G. COVID-19 and Seasonal Influenza Vaccination: Cross-Protection, Co-Administration, Combination Vaccines, and Hesitancy. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15030322. [PMID: 35337120 PMCID: PMC8952219 DOI: 10.3390/ph15030322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 and influenza are the main respiratory viruses for which effective vaccines are currently available. Strategies in which COVID-19 and influenza vaccines are administered simultaneously or combined into a single preparation are advantageous and may increase vaccination uptake. Here, we comprehensively review the available evidence on COVID-19/influenza vaccine co-administration and combination vaccine candidates from the standpoints of safety, immunogenicity, efficacy, policy and public acceptance. While several observational studies have shown that the trained immunity induced by influenza vaccines can protect against some COVID-19-related endpoints, it is not yet understood whether co-administration or combination vaccines can exert additive effects on relevant outcomes. In randomized controlled trials, co-administration has proved safe, with a reactogenicity profile similar to that of either vaccine administered alone. From the immunogenicity standpoint, the immune response towards four influenza strains and the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in co-administration groups is generally non-inferior to that seen in groups receiving either vaccine alone. Several public health authorities have advocated co-administration. Different combination vaccine candidates are in (pre)-clinical development. The hesitancy towards vaccine co-administration or combination vaccines is a multifaceted phenomenon and may be higher than the acceptance of either vaccine administered separately. Public health implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Domnich
- Hygiene Unit, San Martino Policlinico Hospital-IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (A.O.); (G.G.); (G.I.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Andrea Orsi
- Hygiene Unit, San Martino Policlinico Hospital-IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (A.O.); (G.G.); (G.I.)
- Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (C.-S.T.); (D.P.)
| | - Carlo-Simone Trombetta
- Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (C.-S.T.); (D.P.)
| | - Giulia Guarona
- Hygiene Unit, San Martino Policlinico Hospital-IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (A.O.); (G.G.); (G.I.)
| | - Donatella Panatto
- Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (C.-S.T.); (D.P.)
| | - Giancarlo Icardi
- Hygiene Unit, San Martino Policlinico Hospital-IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (A.O.); (G.G.); (G.I.)
- Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (C.-S.T.); (D.P.)
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26
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Protective response mediated by immunization with recombinant proteins in a murine model of toxocariasis and canine infection by Toxocara canis. Vaccine 2022; 40:912-923. [PMID: 35012775 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.12.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Toxocariasis is a neglected parasitic zoonosis of global importance. The development of a formulation that can be used as a vaccine would help the definitive control of the infection. Preclinical studies selected two recombinant T. canis proteins (rTcVcan and rTcCad) which significantly protected mice against larval migration. In the present work, these proteins plus three adjuvants (Alhydrogel®, PAM3CSK4®, and Quil-A®) were used to immunize mice against toxocariasis; blood samples were collected three times to measure IgG (total, IgG1, IgG2a), IgA, and IgE via indirect ELISA. Cytokines (IL-5, TNF-α, and IL-10) were measured in splenocytes supernatant, and T. canis larvae were quantified in tissues. The best protein + adjuvant pair found (rTVcan + QuialA®) was then used to immunize T. canis-free puppies (n = 18) that were experimentally infected with T. canis and T. canis naturally-infected puppies (n = 6). Immunoglobulin (IgA, IgE, IgG, IgG1, and IgG2a), parasite load (eggs in feces), number of expelled adults and eggs extracted from the female uterus, and their fertility percentages were analyzed. In mice, it was observed a highly significant reduction (73%) of tissue larvae, a mixed cytokine profile (Th1/Th2), and anti-T. canis antibody titers (IgG, IgG1, IgG2a) using rTVcan + QuialA® mix. In canines, rTVcan + QuialA® promoted reduction in the parasite eggs in feces (95%) and eggs reduction obtained from the uteri of pharmacologically expelled adult females (58.38%). In our knowledge this is the first canine clinical trial of a vaccine with T. canis recombinant proteins. The formulation used has been shown to efficiently stimulate the production of antibodies against infection by T. canis. In the canine, a significant reduction in the number of eggs expelled by the experimental animals that received the formulation prophylactically was evidenced. Future tests should be developed to evaluate the duration of the protective effect and analyze other immune pathways that could be stimulated by the formulation used.
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27
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Akache B, Stark FC, Agbayani G, Renner TM, McCluskie MJ. Adjuvants: Engineering Protective Immune Responses in Human and Veterinary Vaccines. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2412:179-231. [PMID: 34918246 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1892-9_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Adjuvants are key components of many vaccines, used to enhance the level and breadth of the immune response to a target antigen, thereby enhancing protection from the associated disease. In recent years, advances in our understanding of the innate and adaptive immune systems have allowed for the development of a number of novel adjuvants with differing mechanisms of action. Herein, we review adjuvants currently approved for human and veterinary use, describing their use and proposed mechanisms of action. In addition, we will discuss additional promising adjuvants currently undergoing preclinical and/or clinical testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bassel Akache
- Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Felicity C Stark
- Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Gerard Agbayani
- Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Tyler M Renner
- Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Michael J McCluskie
- Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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Ranjbar S, Fatahi Y, Atyabi F. The quest for a better fight: How can nanomaterials address the current therapeutic and diagnostic obstacles in the fight against COVID-19? J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022; 67:102899. [PMID: 34630635 PMCID: PMC8489264 DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The inexorable coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic with around 226 million people diagnosed and approximately 4.6 million deaths, is still moving toward more frightening statistics, calling for the urgent need to explore solutions for the current challenges in therapeutic and diagnostic approaches. The challenges associated with existing therapeutics in COVID-19 include lack of in vivo stability, efficacy, and safety. Nanoparticles (NPs) can offer a handful of tools to tackle these problems by enabling efficacious and safe delivery of both virus- and host-directed therapeutics. Furthermore, they can enable maximized clinical outcome while eliminating the chance of resistance to therapy by tissue-targeting and concomitant delivery of multiple therapeutics. The promising application of NPs as vaccine platforms is reflected by the major advances in developing novel COVID-19 vaccines. Two of the most critical COVID-19 vaccines are mRNA-based vaccines delivered via NPs, making them the first FDA-approved mRNA vaccines. Besides, NPs have been deployed as simple, rapid, and precise tools for point of care disease diagnosis. Not enough said NPs can also be exploited in novel ways to expedite the drug discovery process. In light of the above, this review discusses how NPs can overcome the hurdles associated with therapeutic and diagnostic approaches against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheyda Ranjbar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1417614411, Iran,Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1417614411, Iran
| | - Yousef Fatahi
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1417614411, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Atyabi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1417614411, Iran,Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1417614411, Iran,Corresponding author. Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran, PO Box 14155-6451, 1417614411, Iran
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29
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Mekonnen D, Mengist HM, Jin T. SARS-CoV-2 subunit vaccine adjuvants and their signaling pathways. Expert Rev Vaccines 2022; 21:69-81. [PMID: 34633259 PMCID: PMC8567292 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2021.1991794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vaccines are the agreed upon weapon against the COVID-19 pandemic. This review discusses about COVID-19 subunit vaccines adjuvants and their signaling pathways, which could provide a glimpse into the selection of appropriate adjuvants for prospective vaccine development studies. AREAS COVERED In the introduction, a brief background about the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the vaccine development race and classes of vaccine adjuvants were provided. . The antigen, trial stage, and types of adjuvants were extracted from the included articles and thun assimilated. Finally, the pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), their classes, cognate adjuvants, and potential signaling pathways were comprehended. EXPERT OPINION Adjuvants are unsung heroes of subunit vaccines. The in silico studies are very vital in avoiding several costly trial errors and save much work times. The majority of the (pre)clinical studies are promising. It is encouraging that most of the selected adjuvants are novel. Much emphasis must be paid to the optimal paring of antigen-adjuvant-PRRs for obtaining the desired vaccine effect. A good subunit vaccine/adjuvant is one that has high efficacy, safety, dose sparing, and rapid seroconversion rate and broad spectrum of immune response. In the years to come, COVID-19 adjuvanted subunit vaccines are expected to have superior utility than any other vaccines for various reasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Mekonnen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Hylemariam Mihiretie Mengist
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Cas Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Tengchuan Jin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Cas Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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30
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Zhou F, Hansen L, Pedersen G, Grødeland G, Cox R. Matrix M Adjuvanted H5N1 Vaccine Elicits Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies and Neuraminidase Inhibiting Antibodies in Humans That Correlate With In Vivo Protection. Front Immunol 2021; 12:747774. [PMID: 34887855 PMCID: PMC8650010 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.747774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 viruses constantly evolve and give rise to novel variants that have caused widespread zoonotic outbreaks and sporadic human infections. Therefore, vaccines capable of eliciting broadly protective antibody responses are desired and under development. We here investigated the magnitude, kinetics and protective efficacy of the multi-faceted humoral immunity induced by vaccination in healthy adult volunteers with a Matrix M adjuvanted virosomal H5N1 vaccine. Vaccinees were given escalating doses of adjuvanted vaccine (1.5μg, 7.5μg, or 30μg), or a non-adjuvanted vaccine (30μg). An evaluation of sera from vaccinees against pseudotyped viruses covering all (sub)clades isolated from human H5N1 infections demonstrated that the adjuvanted vaccines (7.5μg and 30μg) could elicit rapid and robust increases of broadly cross-neutralizing antibodies against all clades. In addition, the adjuvanted vaccines also induced multifaceted antibody responses including hemagglutinin stalk domain specific, neuraminidase inhibiting, and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity inducing antibodies. The lower adjuvanted dose (1.5µg) showed delayed kinetics, whilst the non-adjuvanted vaccine induced overall lower levels of antibody responses. Importantly, we demonstrate that human sera post vaccination with the adjuvanted (30μg) vaccine provided full protection against a lethal homologous virus challenge in mice. Of note, when combining our data from mice and humans we identified the neutralizing and neuraminidase inhibiting antibody titers as correlates of in vivo protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhou
- Influenza Center, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Lena Hansen
- Influenza Center, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Gabriel Pedersen
- Influenza Center, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Center for Vaccine Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gunnveig Grødeland
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rebecca Cox
- Influenza Center, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Microbiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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31
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Silva M, Kato Y, Melo MB, Phung I, Freeman BL, Li Z, Roh K, Van Wijnbergen JW, Watkins H, Enemuo CA, Hartwell BL, Chang JYH, Xiao S, Rodrigues KA, Cirelli KM, Li N, Haupt S, Aung A, Cossette B, Abraham W, Kataria S, Bastidas R, Bhiman J, Linde C, Bloom NI, Groschel B, Georgeson E, Phelps N, Thomas A, Bals J, Carnathan DG, Lingwood D, Burton DR, Alter G, Padera TP, Belcher AM, Schief WR, Silvestri G, Ruprecht RM, Crotty S, Irvine DJ. A particulate saponin/TLR agonist vaccine adjuvant alters lymph flow and modulates adaptive immunity. Sci Immunol 2021; 6:eabf1152. [PMID: 34860581 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abf1152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Murillo Silva
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Yu Kato
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Mariane B Melo
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ivy Phung
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Brian L Freeman
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Zhongming Li
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Kangsan Roh
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories for Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, MGH Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Jan W Van Wijnbergen
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories for Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, MGH Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Hannah Watkins
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Chiamaka A Enemuo
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.,Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Brittany L Hartwell
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jason Y H Chang
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Shuhao Xiao
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Kristen A Rodrigues
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology Program, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Kimberly M Cirelli
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Na Li
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Sonya Haupt
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Aereas Aung
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Benjamin Cossette
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Wuhbet Abraham
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Swati Kataria
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Raiza Bastidas
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jinal Bhiman
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Caitlyn Linde
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Nathaniel I Bloom
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Bettina Groschel
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Erik Georgeson
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Nicole Phelps
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ayush Thomas
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Julia Bals
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Diane G Carnathan
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.,Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Daniel Lingwood
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Dennis R Burton
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Timothy P Padera
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories for Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, MGH Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Angela M Belcher
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - William R Schief
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Guido Silvestri
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.,Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Ruth M Ruprecht
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
| | - Shane Crotty
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Darrell J Irvine
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
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32
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Durán-Lobato M, López-Estévez AM, Cordeiro AS, Dacoba TG, Crecente-Campo J, Torres D, Alonso MJ. Nanotechnologies for the delivery of biologicals: Historical perspective and current landscape. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 176:113899. [PMID: 34314784 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Biological macromolecule-based therapeutics irrupted in the pharmaceutical scene generating a great hope due to their outstanding specificity and potency. However, given their susceptibility to degradation and limited capacity to overcome biological barriers new delivery technologies had to be developed for them to reach their targets. This review aims at analyzing the historical seminal advances that shaped the development of the protein/peptide delivery field, along with the emerging technologies on the lead of the current landscape. Particularly, focus is made on technologies with a potential for transmucosal systemic delivery of protein/peptide drugs, followed by approaches for the delivery of antigens as new vaccination strategies, and formulations of biological drugs in oncology, with special emphasis on mAbs. Finally, a discussion of the key challenges the field is facing, along with an overview of prospective advances are provided.
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33
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Haseda Y, Munakata L, Kimura C, Kinugasa-Katayama Y, Mori Y, Suzuki R, Aoshi T. Development of combination adjuvant for efficient T cell and antibody response induction against protein antigen. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254628. [PMID: 34339430 PMCID: PMC8328330 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Most current clinical vaccines work primarily by inducing the production of neutralizing antibodies against pathogens. Vaccine adjuvants that efficiently induce T cell responses to protein antigens need to be developed. In this study, we developed a new combination adjuvant consisting of 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium propane (DOTAP), D35, and an aluminum salt. Among the various combinations tested, the DOTAP/D35/aluminum salt adjuvant induced strong T cell and antibody responses against the model protein antigen with a single immunization. Adjuvant component and model antigen interaction studies in vitro also revealed that the strong mutual interactions among protein antigens and other components were one of the important factors for this efficient immune induction by the novel combination adjuvant. In addition, in vivo imaging of the antigen distribution suggested that the DOTAP component in the combination adjuvant formulation elicited transient antigen accumulation at the draining lymph nodes, possibly by antigen uptake DC migration. These results indicate the potential of the new combination adjuvant as a promising vaccine adjuvant candidate to treat infectious diseases and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunari Haseda
- Vaccine Dynamics Project, BIKEN Innovative Vaccine Research Alliance Laboratories, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Lisa Munakata
- Laboratory of Drug and Gene Delivery Research, Faculty of Pharma-Science, Teikyo University, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chiyo Kimura
- Department of Cellular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yumi Kinugasa-Katayama
- Department of Cellular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuko Mori
- Division of Clinical Virology, Center for Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Ryo Suzuki
- Laboratory of Drug and Gene Delivery Research, Faculty of Pharma-Science, Teikyo University, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taiki Aoshi
- Department of Cellular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- * E-mail:
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34
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Zeng C, Hou X, Bohmer M, Dong Y. Advances of nanomaterials-based strategies for fighting against COVID-19. VIEW 2021; 2:20200180. [PMID: 34766161 PMCID: PMC8242561 DOI: 10.1002/viw.20200180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has infected over 100 million people globally due to its high infectivity. After decades of efforts on the studies of nanomaterials, researchers have applied nanomaterials-based strategies to combat the pandemic of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). First, nanomaterials facilitate the development of easy, fast, and low-cost diagnostic assays to detect SARS-CoV-2 and related biomarkers. Second, nanomaterials enable the efficient delivery of viral antigens to antigen-presenting cells or serve as adjuvants in the host, leading to vaccine development at an unprecedented pace. Lastly, nanomaterials-based treatments may inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication and reduce inflammation. Overall, nanomaterials have played important roles in controlling this COVID-19 pandemic. Here, we provide a brief overview of the representative examples of nanomaterials-based diagnostics, vaccines, and therapeutics in the fight against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxi Zeng
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmacology, College of PharmacyThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Xucheng Hou
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmacology, College of PharmacyThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
| | | | - Yizhou Dong
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmacology, College of PharmacyThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
- Department Biomedical EngineeringThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
- The Center for Clinical and Translational ScienceThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
- The Comprehensive Cancer CenterThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart & Lung Research InstituteThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
- Department of Radiation OncologyThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
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35
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Rapaka RR, Cross AS, McArthur MA. Using Adjuvants to Drive T Cell Responses for Next-Generation Infectious Disease Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9080820. [PMID: 34451945 PMCID: PMC8402546 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9080820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Using adjuvants to drive features of T cell responses to vaccine antigens is an important technological challenge in the design of new and improved vaccines against infections. Properties such as T helper cell function, T cell memory, and CD8+ T cell cytotoxicity may play critical roles in optimal and long-lived immunity through vaccination. Directly manipulating specific immune activation or antigen delivery pathways with adjuvants may selectively augment desired T cell responses in vaccination and may improve the effectiveness and durability of vaccine responses in humans. In this review we outline recently studied adjuvants in their potential for antigen presenting cell and T cell programming during vaccination, with an emphasis on what has been observed in studies in humans as available.
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36
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Zhang X, Zhang Z, Xia N, Zhao Q. Carbohydrate-containing nanoparticles as vaccine adjuvants. Expert Rev Vaccines 2021; 20:797-810. [PMID: 34101528 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2021.1939688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Adjuvants are essential to vaccines for immunopotentiation in the elicitation of protective immunity. However, classical and widely used aluminum-based adjuvants have limited capacity to induce cellular response. There are increasing needs for appropriate adjuvants with improved profiles for vaccine development toward emerging pathogens. Carbohydrate-containing nanoparticles (NPs) with immunomodulatory activity and particulate nanocarriers for effective antigen presentation are capable of eliciting a more balanced humoral and cellular immune response.Areas covered: We reviewed several carbohydrates with immunomodulatory properties. They include chitosan, β-glucan, mannan, and saponins, which have been used in vaccine formulations. The mode of action, the preparation methods, characterization of these carbohydrate-containing NPs and the corresponding vaccines are presented.Expert opinion: Several carbohydrate-containing NPs have entered the clinical stage or have been used in licensed vaccines for human use. Saponin-containing NPs are being evaluated in a vaccine against SARS-CoV-2, the pathogen causing the on-going worldwide pandemic. Vaccines with carbohydrate-containing NPs are in different stages of development, from preclinical studies to late-stage clinical trials. A better understanding of the mode of action for carbohydrate-containing NPs as vaccine carriers and as immunostimulators will likely contribute to the design and development of new generation vaccines against cancer and infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, PR China
| | - Zhigang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, PR China
| | - Ningshao Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, PR China.,School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, PR China.,The Research Unit of Frontier Technology of Structural Vaccinology of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, PR China
| | - Qinjian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, PR China
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37
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Recent advances in nano/microparticle-based oral vaccines. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2021; 51:425-438. [PMID: 34150345 PMCID: PMC8196935 DOI: 10.1007/s40005-021-00537-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Vaccines are often recognized as one of the most cost-effective public health interventions in controlling infectious diseases. Most pathogens infiltrate the body from mucosal sites, primarily from the oral and pulmonary region and reach the systemic circulation where disease manifestation starts. Traditional needle-based vaccines are usually not capable of inducing immunity at the mucosal sites where pathogen infiltrates start, but induces systemic immunity. In contrast to needle-based vaccines, mucosally administered vaccines induce immunity at both the mucosal sites and systemically. The oral route of immunization is the most convenient way to administer the vaccines. However, due to the complicated and hostile gastrointestinal structure and environment, vaccines need to overcome major hurdles while retaining their stability and immunogenicity. Area covered This review will briefly discuss different barriers to oral vaccine development. It gives a brief overview of different types of nano/microparticle-based oral vaccines and discusses how physicochemical characteristics of the particles influence overall immunity after oral immunization. Expert opinion Formulation strategies using novel lipid and polymer-based nano/microparticle platforms retain stability and antigenicity of vaccines against the harsh gastrointestinal condition. The physicochemical properties of particles can be uniquely tailored to prolong the release of antigens, and attached ligands (M-cells and APC-ligands) can precisely target uptake by immune cells. These represent viable strategies for efficient delivery of oral vaccines.
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B Carvalho S, Peixoto C, T Carrondo MJ, S Silva RJ. Downstream processing for influenza vaccines and candidates: An update. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 118:2845-2869. [PMID: 33913510 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Seasonal and pandemic influenza outbreaks present severe health and economic burdens. To overcome limitations on influenza vaccines' availability and effectiveness, researchers chase universal vaccines providing broad, long-lasting protection against multiple influenza subtypes, and including pandemic ones. Novel influenza vaccine designs are under development, in clinical trials, or reaching the market, namely inactivated, or live-attenuated virus, virus-like particles, or recombinant antigens, searching for improved effectiveness; all these bring downstream processing (DSP) new challenges. Having to deal with new influenza strains, including pandemics, requires shorter development time, driving the development of faster bioprocesses. To cope with better upstream processes, new regulatory demands for quality and safety, and cost reduction requirements, new unit operations and integrated processes are increasing DSP efficiency for novel vaccine formats. This review covers recent advances in DSP strategies of different influenza vaccine formats. Focus is given to the improvements on relevant state-of-the-art unit operations, from harvest and clarification to purification steps, ending with sterile filtration and formulation. The development of more efficient unit operations to cope with biophysical properties of the new candidates is discussed: emphasis is given to the design of new stationary phases, 3D printing approaches, and continuous processing tools, such as continuous chromatography. The impact of the production platforms and vaccine designs on the downstream operations for the different influenza vaccine formats approved for this season are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia B Carvalho
- Animal Cell Technology Unit, iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal.,Animal Cell Technology Unit, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Cristina Peixoto
- Animal Cell Technology Unit, iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal.,Animal Cell Technology Unit, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Manuel J T Carrondo
- Animal Cell Technology Unit, iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Ricardo J S Silva
- Animal Cell Technology Unit, iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal.,Animal Cell Technology Unit, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
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Pirahmadi S, Zakeri S, Djadid ND, Mehrizi AA. A review of combination adjuvants for malaria vaccines: a promising approach for vaccine development. Int J Parasitol 2021; 51:699-717. [PMID: 33798560 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2021.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
It is obvious that there is a critical need for an efficient malaria vaccine to accelerate malaria eradication. Currently, recombinant subunit vaccination against malaria using proteins and peptides is gaining attention. However, one of the major drawbacks of this approach is the lack of an efficient and durable immune response. Therefore, subunit vaccines require adjuvants to make the vaccine sufficiently immunogenic. Considering the history of the RTS,S vaccine, it seems likely that no single adjuvant is capable of eliciting all the protective immune responses required in many malarial subunit vaccines and the use of combination adjuvants will be increasingly important as the science of malaria vaccines advances. In light of this, it appears that identifying the most effective mixture of adjuvants with minimal adverse effects offers tremendous opportunities in improving the efficacy of vaccines against malaria. Owing to the importance of a multi-adjuvanted approach in subunit malaria vaccine development, this review paper outlines some of the best known combination adjuvants used in malaria subunit vaccines, focusing on their proposed mechanisms of action, their immunological properties, and their notable results. The aim of the present review is to consolidate these findings to aid the application of these combination adjuvants in experimental malaria vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakineh Pirahmadi
- Malaria and Vector Research Group (MVRG), Biotechnology Research Center (BRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sedigheh Zakeri
- Malaria and Vector Research Group (MVRG), Biotechnology Research Center (BRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Navid D Djadid
- Malaria and Vector Research Group (MVRG), Biotechnology Research Center (BRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Akram A Mehrizi
- Malaria and Vector Research Group (MVRG), Biotechnology Research Center (BRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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Ratnapriya S, Perez-Greene E, Schifanella L, Herschhorn A. Adjuvant-mediated enhancement of the immune response to HIV vaccines. FEBS J 2021; 289:3317-3334. [PMID: 33705608 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Protection from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) acquisition will likely require an effective vaccine that elicits antibodies against the HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins (Envs), which are the sole target of neutralizing antibodies and a main focus of vaccine development. Adjuvants have been widely used to augment the magnitude and longevity of the adaptive immune responses to immunizations with HIV-1 Envs and to guide the development of specific immune responses. Here, we review the adjuvants that have been used in combination with HIV-1 Envs in several preclinical and human clinical trials in recent years. We summarize the interactions between the HIV-1 Envs and adjuvants, and highlight the routes of vaccine administration for various formulations. We then discuss the use of combinations of different adjuvants, the potential effect of adjuvants on the elicitation of antibodies enriched in somatic hypermutation and containing long complementarity-determining region 3 of the antibody heavy chain, and the elicitation of non-neutralizing antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Ratnapriya
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Eva Perez-Greene
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Luca Schifanella
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Outcomes and Precision Medicine Research, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Alon Herschhorn
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,The College of Veterinary Medicine Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Natural and Synthetic Saponins as Vaccine Adjuvants. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9030222. [PMID: 33807582 PMCID: PMC8001307 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9030222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Saponin adjuvants have been extensively studied for their use in veterinary and human vaccines. Among them, QS-21 stands out owing to its unique profile of immunostimulating activity, inducing a balanced Th1/Th2 immunity, which is valuable to a broad scope of applications in combating various microbial pathogens, cancers, and other diseases. It has recently been approved for use in human vaccines as a key component of combination adjuvants, e.g., AS01b in Shingrix® for herpes zoster. Despite its usefulness in research and clinic, the cellular and molecular mechanisms of QS-21 and other saponin adjuvants are poorly understood. Extensive efforts have been devoted to studies for understanding the mechanisms of QS-21 in different formulations and in different combinations with other adjuvants, and to medicinal chemistry studies for gaining mechanistic insights and development of practical alternatives to QS-21 that can circumvent its inherent drawbacks. In this review, we briefly summarize the current understandings of the mechanism underlying QS-21’s adjuvanticity and the encouraging results from recent structure-activity-relationship (SAR) studies.
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Li Z, Zhao Y, Li Y, Chen X. Adjuvantation of Influenza Vaccines to Induce Cross-Protective Immunity. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9020075. [PMID: 33494477 PMCID: PMC7911902 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9020075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza poses a huge threat to global public health. Influenza vaccines are the most effective and cost-effective means to control influenza. Current influenza vaccines mainly induce neutralizing antibodies against highly variable globular head of hemagglutinin and lack cross-protection. Vaccine adjuvants have been approved to enhance seasonal influenza vaccine efficacy in the elderly and spare influenza vaccine doses. Clinical studies found that MF59 and AS03-adjuvanted influenza vaccines could induce cross-protective immunity against non-vaccine viral strains. In addition to MF59 and AS03 adjuvants, experimental adjuvants, such as Toll-like receptor agonists, saponin-based adjuvants, cholera toxin and heat-labile enterotoxin-based mucosal adjuvants, and physical adjuvants, are also able to broaden influenza vaccine-induced immune responses against non-vaccine strains. This review focuses on introducing the various types of adjuvants capable of assisting current influenza vaccines to induce cross-protective immunity in preclinical and clinical studies. Mechanisms of licensed MF59 and AS03 adjuvants to induce cross-protective immunity are also introduced. Vaccine adjuvants hold a great promise to adjuvant influenza vaccines to induce cross-protective immunity.
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Zhu W, Dong C, Wei L, Wang BZ. Promising Adjuvants and Platforms for Influenza Vaccine Development. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13010068. [PMID: 33430259 PMCID: PMC7825707 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13010068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza is one of the major threats to public health. Current influenza vaccines cannot provide effective protection against drifted or shifted influenza strains. Researchers have considered two important strategies to develop novel influenza vaccines with improved immunogenicity and broader protective efficacy. One is applying fewer variable viral antigens, such as the haemagglutinin stalk domain. The other is including adjuvants in vaccine formulations. Adjuvants are promising and helpful boosters to promote more rapid and stronger immune responses with a dose-sparing effect. However, few adjuvants are currently licensed for human influenza vaccines, although many potential candidates are in different trials. While many advantages have been observed using adjuvants in influenza vaccine formulations, an improved understanding of the mechanisms underlying viral infection and vaccination-induced immune responses will help to develop new adjuvant candidates. In this review, we summarize the works related to adjuvants in influenza vaccine research that have been used in our studies and other laboratories. The review will provide perspectives for the utilization of adjuvants in developing next-generation and universal influenza vaccines.
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Banstola A, Jeong JH, Yook S. Immunoadjuvants for cancer immunotherapy: A review of recent developments. Acta Biomater 2020; 114:16-30. [PMID: 32777293 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.07.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy evolved as a new treatment modality to eradicate tumor cells and has gained in popularity after its successful clinical transition. By activating antigen-presenting cells (APCs), and thus, inducing innate or adaptive immune responses, immunoadjuvants have become promising tools for cancer immunotherapy. Different types of immunoadjuvants such as toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists, exosomes, and metallic and plant-derived immunoadjuvants have been studied for their immunological effects. However, the clinical use of immunoadjuvants is limited by short response rates and various side-effects. The rapid progress made in the development of nanoparticle systems as immunoadjuvant carrier vehicles has provided potential carriers for cancer immunotherapy. In this review article, we describe different types of immunoadjuvants, their limitations, modes of action, and the reasons for their clinical adoption. In addition, we review recent progress made in the nanoparticle-based immunoadjuvant field and on the combined use of nanoparticle-based immunoadjuvants and chemotherapy, phototherapy, radiation therapy, and immune checkpoint inhibitor-based therapy. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Cancer immunotherapy emerged as a new hope for treating malignant tumors. Different types of immunoadjuvants serve as an important tool for cancer immunotherapy by activating an innate or adaptive immune response. Limitation of free immunoadjuvant has paved the path for the development of nanoparticle-based immunoadjuvant therapy with the hope of prolonging the therapeutic efficacy. This review highlights the recent advancement made in nanoparticle-based immunoadjuvant therapy in modulating the adaptive and innate immune system. The application of the combinatorial approach of chemotherapy, phototherapy, radiation therapy adds synergy in nanoparticle-based immunoadjuvant therapy. It will broaden the reader's understanding on the recent progress made in immunotherapy with the aid of immunoadjuvant-based nanosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmita Banstola
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee-Heon Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea.
| | - Simmyung Yook
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, 42601, Republic of Korea.
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Fontana D, Marsili F, Etcheverrigaray M, Kratje R, Prieto C. Rabies VLPs adjuvanted with saponin-based liposomes induce enhanced immunogenicity mediated by neutralizing antibodies in cattle, dogs and cats. J Virol Methods 2020; 286:113966. [PMID: 32905818 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2020.113966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We carried out an investigation on rabies virus-like particles (RV-VLPs) expressed in HEK293 cells using serum free medium. These RV-VLPs were formulated with two different adjuvants in order to analyse the enhancement of the triggered immune response and its stability. In experiments in mice, RV-VLPs showed an enhanced humoral immune response when injected with adjuvant, in contrast to the obtained for the RV-VLPs without adjuvant addition. Besides, higher titers of neutralizing antibodies were induced when RV-VLPs were formulated with LipoSap® in comparison with the obtained with Alhydrogel®. At the same time, the positive effect of this adjuvant in vaccine's potency and stability was demonstrated, showing that LipoSap® significantly increases the value obtained in NIH efficiency test for rabies vaccine, and proving that this value is maintained after 15 months storage at 4 °C. Further, we showed that RV-VLPs induces an immune response based on neutralizing antibodies when cat, dogs and bovines were vaccinated with only one dose of RV-VLPs. These results demonstrated that this vaccine candidate could be applied for the prevention of rabies in pets as well as for the control of paralytic rabies in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Fontana
- UNL, CONICET, FBCB (School of Biochemistry and Biological Sciences), CBL (Biotechnological Center of Litoral), Cell Culture Laboratory, Ciudad Universitaria, Ruta Nacional 168 - Km 472.4 - C.C. 242, S3000ZAA, Santa Fe, Argentina; UNL, FBCB (School of Biochemistry and Biological Sciences), CBL (Biotechnological Center of Litoral), Biotechnological Development Laboratory, Ciudad Universitaria, Ruta Nacional 168 - Km 472.4 - C.C. 242, S3000ZAA, Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - Federico Marsili
- UNL, FBCB (School of Biochemistry and Biological Sciences), CBL (Biotechnological Center of Litoral), Biotechnological Development Laboratory, Ciudad Universitaria, Ruta Nacional 168 - Km 472.4 - C.C. 242, S3000ZAA, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Marina Etcheverrigaray
- UNL, CONICET, FBCB (School of Biochemistry and Biological Sciences), CBL (Biotechnological Center of Litoral), Cell Culture Laboratory, Ciudad Universitaria, Ruta Nacional 168 - Km 472.4 - C.C. 242, S3000ZAA, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Ricardo Kratje
- UNL, CONICET, FBCB (School of Biochemistry and Biological Sciences), CBL (Biotechnological Center of Litoral), Cell Culture Laboratory, Ciudad Universitaria, Ruta Nacional 168 - Km 472.4 - C.C. 242, S3000ZAA, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Claudio Prieto
- UNL, FBCB (School of Biochemistry and Biological Sciences), CBL (Biotechnological Center of Litoral), Biotechnological Development Laboratory, Ciudad Universitaria, Ruta Nacional 168 - Km 472.4 - C.C. 242, S3000ZAA, Santa Fe, Argentina; Cellargen Biotech S.R.L., Antonia Godoy 6369, S3000ZAA, Santa Fe, Argentina
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46
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Kuznetsova TA, Persiyanova EV, Zaporozhets TS, Besednova NN. [Adjuvants of influenza vaccines: new possibilities of using sulphated polysaccharides from marine brown algae.]. Vopr Virusol 2020; 64:5-11. [PMID: 30893523 DOI: 10.18821/0507-4088-2019-64-1-5-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The review article presents the characteristics of the main adjuvant groups (mineral salts of aluminum, synthetic squalenebased adjuvants - MF59 and AS03, CpG-oligodeoxynucleotides, virosomes, polyoxidonium, sovidone) included in the licensed influenza vaccine. The main mechanisms of adjuvant action, advantages and disadvantages of these adjuvants are shown. The vaccines adjuvants in the phase of experimental studies and clinical trials (ISCOMs, Advax™, chitosan) are described too. Particular attention is paid to sulfated polysaccharides (fucoidans) from marine brown algae as vaccine adjuvants. Numerous results of their application in compositions of experimental vaccines are presented. The prospects of sulfated polysaccharides using in the design of influenza vaccines are estimated. These prospects are determined by high biocompatibility, low toxicity and good tolerance of the human body to fucoidans, as well as mechanisms of their adjuvant activity. Sulfated polysaccharides are agonists of toll-like receptors of innate immunity cells and powerful inducers of the cellular and humoral immune response, which is important for the development of influenza vaccines. The review is based on the information presented in the bibliographic and abstract databases of scientific publications, search engines and publishers: RSCI, Web of Science, Scopus, MEDLINE, Google Scholar, PubMed, Springer Nature, Elsevier and others.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Kuznetsova
- Research Somov Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Vladivostok, 690087, Russian Federation
| | - E V Persiyanova
- Research Somov Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Vladivostok, 690087, Russian Federation
- Medical Association of Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690022, Russian Federation
| | - T S Zaporozhets
- Research Somov Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Vladivostok, 690087, Russian Federation
| | - N N Besednova
- Research Somov Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Vladivostok, 690087, Russian Federation
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Campos-Estrada C, Riquelme B, Vergara M, Altamirano C, Cavieres MF. In vitro Notch-mediated adjuvant immunogenic potency is induced by combining QS-21 and MPL in a co-culture model of PBMC and HUVEC cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2020; 68:104947. [PMID: 32679256 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2020.104947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Few vaccine adjuvants have been approved for human use although several are currently being studied in preclinical and clinical trial. MPL is a toll-like receptor agonist able to trigger a high and persistent antibody response via-TLR-4 while QS-21 activates the NLRP3 inflammasome. Data suggest that there is a cross-talk between Notch and TLR signaling pathways modulating the polarization of the immune response in a MyD88-dependent manner. However, the role of Notch on the mechanism action of immunogenic adjuvants has not been addressed yet. This study aims to evaluate the in vitro toxicity and inflammatory response triggered by MPL and QS-21 using an in vitro human cell co-culture model and to determine whether NFκB or Notch signaling pathways are involved in their mechanism of immunotoxicity. In order to do this, we evaluated the effect of QS- 21/MPL alone or in combination using a co-culture of PBMC and HUVEC using cytotoxicity, surface expression of ECAMs, cell adhesion and cytokine release, NF-κB activation and NOTCH1 expression as observation endpoints. We found that both MPL and QS-21 were cytotoxic at concentrations over 5 μg/mL. Both adjuvants were able to trigger the expression of ECAMs and induce firm adhesion of PBMC to the endothelium. QS-21 and MPL combination demonstrated a synergistic effect on cellular recruitment and cytokine release generating a switch from Th2 to Th1 cytokine profile. Both MPL and QS-21 by themselves were able to generate significant NF-κB activation. However, this effect was not observed when both adjuvants were combined. On the contrary, the adjuvants alone and combined induced an overexpression of NOTCH-1. This is an important finding, as it provides new evidence that these adjuvants could modulate reactogenicity of vaccines through Notch signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Campos-Estrada
- Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Avenida Gran Bretaña 1093, Valparaíso, Chile; Centro de Investigación Farmacopea Chilena (CIFAR), Universidad de Valparaíso, Santa Marta 183, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - B Riquelme
- Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Avenida Gran Bretaña 1093, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - M Vergara
- CREAS, Centro Regional de Estudios en Alimentos Saludables, Valparaíso, Chile; Escuela de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - C Altamirano
- Escuela de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile; CREAS, Centro Regional de Estudios en Alimentos Saludables, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - M F Cavieres
- Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Avenida Gran Bretaña 1093, Valparaíso, Chile; Centro de Investigación Farmacopea Chilena (CIFAR), Universidad de Valparaíso, Santa Marta 183, Valparaíso, Chile.
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Chen JR, Liu YM, Tseng YC, Ma C. Better influenza vaccines: an industry perspective. J Biomed Sci 2020; 27:33. [PMID: 32059697 PMCID: PMC7023813 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-020-0626-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccination is the most effective measure at preventing influenza virus infections. However, current seasonal influenza vaccines are only protective against closely matched circulating strains. Even with extensive monitoring and annual reformulation our efforts remain one step behind the rapidly evolving virus, often resulting in mismatches and low vaccine effectiveness. Fortunately, many next-generation influenza vaccines are currently in development, utilizing an array of innovative techniques to shorten production time and increase the breadth of protection. This review summarizes the production methods of current vaccines, recent advances that have been made in influenza vaccine research, and highlights potential challenges that are yet to be overcome. Special emphasis is put on the potential role of glycoengineering in influenza vaccine development, and the advantages of removing the glycan shield on influenza surface antigens to increase vaccine immunogenicity. The potential for future development of these novel influenza vaccine candidates is discussed from an industry perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yo-Min Liu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan.,Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | | | - Che Ma
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan.
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Molina-Franky J, Cuy-Chaparro L, Camargo A, Reyes C, Gómez M, Salamanca DR, Patarroyo MA, Patarroyo ME. Plasmodium falciparum pre-erythrocytic stage vaccine development. Malar J 2020; 19:56. [PMID: 32013956 PMCID: PMC6998842 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-020-3141-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Worldwide strategies between 2010 and 2017 aimed at controlling malarial parasites (mainly Plasmodium falciparum) led to a reduction of just 18% regarding disease incidence rates. Many biologically-derived anti-malarial vaccine candidates have been developed to date; this has involved using many experimental animals, an immense amount of work and the investment of millions of dollars. This review provides an overview of the current state and the main results of clinical trials for sporozoite-targeting vaccines (i.e. the parasite stage infecting the liver) carried out by research groups in areas having variable malaria transmission rates. However, none has led to promising results regarding the effective control of the disease, thereby making it necessary to complement such efforts at finding/introducing new vaccine candidates by adopting a multi-epitope, multi-stage approach, based on minimal subunits of the main sporozoite proteins involved in the invasion of the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Molina-Franky
- Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad de Boyacá, Tunja, Colombia.,Molecular Biology and Immunology Department, Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Bogotá, Colombia.,PhD Program in Biomedical and Biological Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Laura Cuy-Chaparro
- Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad de Boyacá, Tunja, Colombia.,Molecular Biology and Immunology Department, Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Bogotá, Colombia.,PhD Program in Biomedical and Biological Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Anny Camargo
- Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad de Boyacá, Tunja, Colombia.,Molecular Biology and Immunology Department, Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Bogotá, Colombia.,PhD Program in Biomedical and Biological Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - César Reyes
- PhD Program in Biomedical and Biological Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia.,Animal Science Faculty, Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales (U.D.C.A), Bogotá, Colombia.,3D Structures Department, Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Marcela Gómez
- Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad de Boyacá, Tunja, Colombia.,Molecular Biology and Immunology Department, Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Bogotá, Colombia.,PhD Program in Biomedical and Biological Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - David Ricardo Salamanca
- Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad de Boyacá, Tunja, Colombia.,Molecular Biology and Immunology Department, Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Bogotá, Colombia.,PhD Program in Biomedical and Biological Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Manuel Alfonso Patarroyo
- Molecular Biology and Immunology Department, Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Bogotá, Colombia. .,Basic Sciences Department, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Manuel Elkin Patarroyo
- Molecular Biology and Immunology Department, Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Bogotá, Colombia. .,Medical School, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia.
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50
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The gradual replacement of inactivated whole cell and live attenuated vaccines with subunit vaccines has generally reduced reactogenicity but in many cases also immunogenicity. Although only used when necessary, adjuvants can be key to vaccine dose/antigen-sparing, broadening immune responses to variable antigens, and enhancing immunogenicity in vulnerable populations with distinct immunity. Licensed vaccines contain an increasing variety of adjuvants, with a growing pipeline of adjuvanted vaccines under development. RECENT FINDINGS Most adjuvants, including Alum, Toll-like receptor agonists and oil-in-water emulsions, activate innate immunity thereby altering the quantity and quality of an adaptive immune response. Adjuvants activate leukocytes, and induce mediators (e.g., cytokines, chemokines, and prostaglandin-E2) some of which are biomarkers for reactogenicity, that is, induction of local/systemic side effects. Although there have been safety concerns regarding a hypothetical risk of adjuvants inducing auto-immunity, such associations have not been established. As immune responses vary by population (e.g., age and sex), adjuvant research now incorporates principles of precision medicine. Innovations in adjuvant research include use of human in vitro models, immuno-engineering, novel delivery systems, and systems biology to identify biomarkers of safety and adjuvanticity. SUMMARY Adjuvants enhance vaccine immunogenicity and can be associated with reactogenicity. Novel multidisciplinary approaches hold promise to accelerate and de-risk targeted adjuvant discovery and development. VIDEO ABSTRACT: http://links.lww.com/MOP/A53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etsuro Nanishi
- Precision Vaccines Program
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital
- Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - David J. Dowling
- Precision Vaccines Program
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital
- Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Ofer Levy
- Precision Vaccines Program
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital
- Harvard Medical School, Boston
- Broad Institute of MIT & Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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