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Rangel FCS, Gomes SR, Silva GM, Sousa AKP, de-Souza JR, Thiengo SC. Population dynamics of Achatina fulica in a peri-urban area adjacent to the Fiocruz Atlantic Forest Biological Station (EFMA), in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, with report on Angiostrongylus cantonensis infection. BRAZ J BIOL 2024; 83:e274620. [PMID: 38422260 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.274620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Achatina fulica is a species native to East Africa, considered one of the 100 worst invasive alien species in the world. The present study investigated the population of the snail, A. fulica, in a peri-urban area adjacent to the Fiocruz Atlantic Forest Biological Station (EFMA), in Jacarepaguá, Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil, focusing on population dynamics and the nematodes associated with this species. To this end, specimens were collected during four climatic seasons of the years 2021 and 2022 in three fixed 20 m × 10 m plots. The abundance of A. fulica in these areas was evaluated in relation to a set of environmental variables (temperature, relative humidity air, and soil pH and calcium). The abundance of snails infected by nematodes was also evaluated in relation to the season and body size of the specimens. The molluscs were found by active search, and standardized (15 minutes/three collections). Nematode larvae were extracted from the specimens by artificial digestion and identified by their external morphology and the sequencing of molecular markers. A total of 280 specimens of A. fulica were collected, with the highest abundances being recorded in the autumn and summer, although no significant relationship was found between the number of specimens collected and the environmental variables. Overall, 192 snails were infected by nematodes: Angiostrongylus cantonensis, Cruzia tentaculata and free-living nematodes, including Caenorhabditis briggsae. These findings demonstrate the epidemiological importance of the study area and the need to implement educational measures in the community, with the aim of controlling the local A. fulica population, thereby minimizing the risk of parasitic infection in the local human population.
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Affiliation(s)
- F C S Rangel
- ªFundação Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Malacologia, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - S R Gomes
- ªFundação Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Malacologia, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - G M Silva
- ªFundação Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Malacologia, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ, Escola de Enfermagem Anna Nery, Departamento de Metodologia da Enfermagem - DME, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - A K P Sousa
- ªFundação Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Malacologia, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - J Ramos de-Souza
- ªFundação Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Malacologia, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - S C Thiengo
- ªFundação Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Malacologia, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
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2
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Oliveira KLDE, Rodrigues PS, Decanine D, Gomes SR. Diversity and abundance of terrestrial molluscs and their associated nematode fauna in urban kitchen gardens in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2023; 95:e20220249. [PMID: 37075354 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202320220249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Terrestrial molluscs can become agricultural pests and transmit parasites, playing an important role in different biological communities. In the present study, we evaluated the diversity and abundance of this group in two horticultural areas in Rio de Janeiro (Manguinhos and Jacarepaguá neighborhoods), as well the presence of parasitic nematodes associated with these molluscs. We collected specimens in the austral spring and summer, with four sites being sampled within each study area, including malabar spinach, sweet potato, chicory greens, and cassava plantations, and one site in an adjacent, non-cultivated area. We collected a total of 522 live mollusc specimens and identified 16 species from 10 different families. The greatest abundance of molluscs was recorded in summer (363) and at Jacarepaguá (309). Overall, 174 (57%) of the 303 specimens analyzed parasitologically were positive for nematodes. Larvae of superfamily Metastrongyloidea, which includes nematodes that are a concern for public health and veterinary medicine, were found parasitizing the slug Sarasinula linguaeformis, in Manguinhos. Our results contribute to understanding of the diversity of terrestrial molluscs occurring in kitchen gardens in the city of Rio de Janeiro, and provide important insights for generating subsidies for health education actions and control of parasitic diseases transmitted by them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina L DE Oliveira
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul/ UFMS, Laboratório de Parasitologia Animal, Cidade Universitária, Av. Costa e Silva, Pioneiros, 79070-900 Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ, Laboratório de Malacologia, Av. Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, 21040-360 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Paulo Sérgio Rodrigues
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul/ UFMS, Laboratório de Parasitologia Animal, Cidade Universitária, Av. Costa e Silva, Pioneiros, 79070-900 Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Daniele Decanine
- Universidade Católica Dom Bosco/UCDB, Departamento Biossaúde, Av. Tamandaré, 6000, Jardim Seminário, 79117-900 Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Suzete R Gomes
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul/ UFMS, Laboratório de Parasitologia Animal, Cidade Universitária, Av. Costa e Silva, Pioneiros, 79070-900 Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
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Thiengo SC, Ramos-de-Souza J, Silva GM, Fernandez MA, Silva EF, Sousa AKP, Rodrigues PS, Mattos AC, Costa RAF, Gomes SR. Parasitism of terrestrial gastropods by medically-important nematodes in Brazil. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1023426. [PMID: 36467665 PMCID: PMC9715018 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1023426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
An ample variety of parasitic associations are found between mollusks and nematodes, in which the mollusks may act as intermediate, paratenic or definitive hosts. Some free-living nematodes, in particular those of the order Rhabditida, are also found frequently in terrestrial mollusks. The present study reviews the results of the parasitological testing on samples of terrestrial mollusks conducted at the Brazilian National Reference Laboratory for Schistosomiasis and Malacology between 2008 and 2021. The samples were supplied primarily by the public health authorities from the different regions of Brazil, but also by research institutions and general population. The mollusks were processed individually and the obtained larvae were identified from their morphology and, whenever necessary, by molecular analysis. A total of 1,919 service orders were registered during the period, including 19,758 mollusk specimens collected from 23 of the 26 Brazilian states, as well as the Federal District, totalizing 145 municipalities. There was a marked predominance of the synanthropic species that are widely distributed in Brazil-Achatina fulica (87.08%), Bulimulus tenuissimus (4.18%), Bradybaena similaris (2.06%), and Sarasinula linguaeformis (1.50%). Of the 16,750 terrestrial mollusks examined, nematodes were recorded in 1,308 service orders, with the predominance of the superfamily Metastrongyloidea, in 616 service orders. They included Angiostrongylus cantonensis, rat lungworm, which was found in 252 samples, and Aelurostrongylus abstrusus in 145 samples. Free-living nematodes were found in 952 samples, Ancylostoma caninum and Cruzia tentaculata (previously identified as Strongyluris sp.) in one and 275 samples, respectively, and other parasites in 210 samples (not identified). The results highlight the diversity of the associations between nematodes and terrestrial mollusks in Brazil, in particular invasive and synanthropic species, with emphasis on the giant African land snail, Achatina fulica. They demonstrate the prominent role of this species of mollusk in the transmission of medically-important nematodes, which affect the health of both humans and animals, in particular eosinophilic meningitis, which is caused by Angiostrongylus cantonensis. This reinforces the need for more studies, and justify the growing demand for information as well as parasitological diagnosis of this mollusk, given its wide distribution in Brazil and its impact as an urban pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana C. Thiengo
- Laboratório de Referência Nacional para Esquistossomose - Malacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jucicleide Ramos-de-Souza
- Laboratório de Referência Nacional para Esquistossomose - Malacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Parasitária, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratório de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mamíferos Silvestres Reservatórios, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Guilherme M. Silva
- Laboratório de Referência Nacional para Esquistossomose - Malacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Departamento de Metodologia da Enfermagem, Escola de Enfermagem Anna Nery, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Monica A. Fernandez
- Laboratório de Referência Nacional para Esquistossomose - Malacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Elizangela F. Silva
- Laboratório de Referência Nacional para Esquistossomose - Malacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde-Pública e Meio Ambiente, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sérgio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Arielly K. P. Sousa
- Laboratório de Referência Nacional para Esquistossomose - Malacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paulo S. Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Referência Nacional para Esquistossomose - Malacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Parasitária, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Aline C. Mattos
- Laboratório de Referência Nacional para Esquistossomose - Malacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ruam A. F. Costa
- Laboratório de Referência Nacional para Esquistossomose - Malacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Suzete R. Gomes
- Laboratório de Referência Nacional para Esquistossomose - Malacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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The invasive giant African land snail, Achatina fulica (Gastropoda: Pulmonata): global geographical distribution of this species as host of nematodes of medical and veterinary importance. J Helminthol 2022; 96:e86. [DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x22000761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The giant African land snail, Achatina fulica, is an important invasive species in many countries, where it causes losses in biodiversity and agriculture, as well as impacting the health of both humans and animals, as the intermediate host of medically important nematodes. The present study is based on a comprehensive review of the literature on the nematodes that have been found in association with A. fulica, worldwide. We searched a number of different databases and used the findings to investigate the methods used to extract and identify the nematodes, their larval stages, and environment and collecting procedures of the infected molluscs. Between 1965 and 2021, 11 nematode species were recorded in association with A. fulica in 21 countries. Most of the studies recorded associations between A. fulica and Angiostrongylus cantonensis, which causes cerebral angiostrongyliasis in humans and Aelurostrongylus abstrusus, which provokes pneumonia in felines. The nematodes were extracted primarily by artificial digestion with hydrochloric acid or pepsin, and identified based on their morphology or through experimental infection to obtain the adult. In most cases, the nematodes were at larval stage L3, and the infected A. fulica were collected from anthropogenic environments. The results demonstrate the importance of A. fulica as a host of nematodes of medical and veterinary importance, as well the contribution of anthropogenic environments to the occurrence of the parasites, and give information about the different methods used to collect and identify the nematodes found associated with this species.
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Ramos M, Gomes SR, Gutierrez Y, Ramos-Rodriguez O, Uzeda MC. Terrestrial Slugs in Neotropical Agroecosystems. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2021.656492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Slugs can be important agricultural pests in tropical regions. They are also intermediate hosts of parasitic nematodes, such as Angiostrongylus costaricensis and A. cantonensis, which can cause abdominal and cerebral angiostrongyliasis in humans. Management of slugs in conventional agriculture has relied heavily in the use of pellets containing metaldehyde. In this article, we review cases of slug problems and their management in neotropical agroecosystems.
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Souza FN, Aguiar Santos M, Almeida Alves D, Cecília Vieira de Melo L, Jessé Gonçalves da Mota D, Cristina Pertile A, Gava R, Luiz Silva Pinto P, Eyre MT, Graco Zeppelini C, Reis MG, Ko AI, Begon M, Bahiense TC, Costa F, Carvalho-Pereira T. Angiostrongylus cantonensis in urban populations of terrestrial gastropods and rats in an impoverished region of Brazil. Parasitology 2021; 148:994-1002. [PMID: 33843507 PMCID: PMC11010192 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182021000597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The nematode Angiostrongylus cantonensis is the most common cause of neuroangiostrongyliasis (manifested as eosinophilic meningitis) in humans. Gastropod molluscs are used as intermediate hosts and rats of various species are definitive hosts of this parasite. In this study, we identified several environmental factors associated with the presence and abundance of terrestrial gastropods in an impoverished urban region in Brazil. We also found that body condition, age and presence of co-infection with other parasite species in urban Rattus norvegicus, as well as environmental factors were associated with the probability and intensity of A. cantonensis infection. The study area was also found to have a moderate prevalence of the nematode in rodents (33% of 168 individuals). Eight species of molluscs (577 individuals) were identified, four of which were positive for A. cantonensis. Our study indicates that the environmental conditions of poor urban areas (presence of running and standing water, sewage, humidity and accumulated rain and accumulation of construction materials) influenced both the distribution and abundance of terrestrial gastropods, as well as infected rats, contributing to the maintenance of the A. cantonensis transmission cycle in the area. Besides neuroangiostrongyliasis, the presence of these hosts may also contribute to susceptibility to other zoonoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio N. Souza
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, UFBA, Salvador, Brazil
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Maísa Aguiar Santos
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, UFBA, Salvador, Brazil
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Daniele Almeida Alves
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, UFBA, Salvador, Brazil
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | | | - Arsinoê Cristina Pertile
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, UFBA, Salvador, Brazil
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | | | - Max T. Eyre
- Centre for Health Informatics, Computing, and Statistics, Lancaster University Medical School, Lancaster, UK
| | | | - Mitermayer G. Reis
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, UFBA, Salvador, Brazil
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Salvador, Brazil
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Disease, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, USA
| | - Albert I. Ko
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Disease, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, USA
| | - Mike Begon
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Federico Costa
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, UFBA, Salvador, Brazil
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Salvador, Brazil
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Disease, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, USA
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Ticiana Carvalho-Pereira
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, UFBA, Salvador, Brazil
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Salvador, Brazil
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Fecková B, Djoehana P, Putnová B, Valašťanová M, Petríková M, Knotek Z, Modrý D. Pathology of Angiostrongylus cantonensis infection in two model avian hosts. Parasitology 2021; 148:174-177. [PMID: 32981549 PMCID: PMC11010151 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182020001869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Angiostrongylus cantonensis causes severe neurological disorders in a wide range of warm-blooded animals, including several avian species. A laboratory isolate of A. cantonensis originating from French Polynesia, genotyped as clade 2, was used to assess the effect of experimental infection in chicken and Japanese quail. Low dose groups of birds were infected orally by 100 L3 larvae, high dose groups by 1500 L3 larvae and the birds in the third group were fed three infected snails, mimicking a natural infection. Clinical signs during the first week after infection, haematology, biochemistry, gross lesions and histology findings were used to assess the pathology of the infection. Some of the infected birds showed peripheral eosinophilia, while mild neurological signs were seen in others. No larvae were observed in serial sections of the central nervous system of infected birds 1 week after infection and no major gross lesions were observed during necropsy; histopathology did not reveal lesions directly attributable to A. cantonensis infection. Our results suggest that galliform birds are not highly susceptible to A. cantonensis infection and open a question of the importance of Galliformes in endemic areas as natural pest control, lowering the number of hosts carrying the infective larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Fecková
- Department of Pathology and Parasitology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackého tř. 1946/1, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Priyanka Djoehana
- Department of Pathology and Parasitology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackého tř. 1946/1, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Putnová
- Department of Pathology and Parasitology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackého tř. 1946/1, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Valašťanová
- Department of Pathology and Parasitology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackého tř. 1946/1, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Petríková
- Department of Pathology and Parasitology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackého tř. 1946/1, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Knotek
- Department of Pathology and Parasitology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackého tř. 1946/1, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - David Modrý
- Department of Pathology and Parasitology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackého tř. 1946/1, Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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Lima VFS, Ramos RAN, Giannelli A, Andrade WWA, López IYT, Ramos ICDN, Rinaldi L, Cringoli G, Alves LC. Occurrence of zoonotic gastrointestinal parasites of rodents and the risk of human infection in different biomes of Brazil. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE 2021; 43:e113820. [PMID: 35749095 PMCID: PMC9179205 DOI: 10.29374/2527-2179.bjvm113820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Rodents are synanthropic mammals adapted to several ecosystems, where they can contribute to the transmission of zoonotic pathogens, including gastrointestinal parasites. The aim of this study was to study the occurrence of gastrointestinal parasites from rodents and discuss the risk of transmission to humans. Fecal samples (n = 110) from different rodent species, namely, Cerradomys subflavus (n = 4), Mus musculus (n = 14), Rattus norvegicus (n = 80), Rattus rattus (n = 8) and Thrichomys apereoides (n = 4), were analyzed using the FLOTAC technique. Of the samples examined, 73.6% (81/110) tested positive for at least one gastrointestinal parasite. The most commonly identified parasites were Aspiculuris sp., Hymenolepis nana, Moniliformis sp., Syphacia sp., Strongyloides spp., Taenia spp., and Trichuris spp. eggs, Angiostrongylus cantonensis larvae and Entamoeba spp. cysts. The findings of this study demonstrate that rodents living in different Brazilian biomes are parasitized by a wide range of parasites, including some of public health concern. Therefore, the proximity of rodents to human settlements may represent a tangible risk of infection for people living in these areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Fernando Santana Lima
- Veterinarian, DSc., Unidade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS), Nossa Senhora da Glória, SE, Brazil
| | - Rafael Antonio Nascimento Ramos
- Veterinarian, DSc., Laboratório de Parasitologia, Universidade Federal do Agreste de Pernambuco (UFAPE), Garanhuns, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Wagner Wesley Araújo Andrade
- Veterinarian, MSc., Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | | | - Laura Rinaldi
- Veterinarian, DSc., University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Leucio Câmara Alves
- Veterinarian, DSc., Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, UFRPE, Recife, PE, Brazil
- Correspondence Leucio Câmara Alves Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco - UFRPE Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos CEP 52171-900 - Recife (PE), Brasil E-mail:
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Barbosa TA, Thiengo SC, Fernandez MA, Graeff-Teixeira C, Morassutti AL, Mourão FRP, Miranda COS, Jorge MDM, Costa LF, Gomes SR. Infection by Angiostrongylus cantonensis in both humans and the snail Achatina (Lissachatina) fulica in the city of Macapá, in the Amazon Region of Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2020; 115:e200115. [PMID: 32638831 PMCID: PMC7337106 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760200115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In January and February 2019, a malacological survey was conducted in the area surrounding the residence of a 12-year-old child that had contracted cerebral angiostrongyliasis in the municipality of Macapá, capital of the Amapá State, northern Brazil. The serological examination was positive for Angiostrongylus cantonensis infection, the principal etiological agent of this parasitosis. A sample of 54 molluscs was artificially and individually digested for parasitological analysis, containing 38 specimens of Achatina fulica, nine specimens of Bulimulus tenuissimus and seven specimens of Sarasinula linguaeformis. A. fulica was the most abundant mollusc, and the only species infected with A. cantonensis, as well as presenting co-infections with other nematodes. This is the first report of cerebral angiostrongyliasis in the Amazon Region, and the first record of A. fulica infected with A. cantonensis in Amapá. These findings highlight the potential risks of human angiostrongyliasis, and the need to implement public health measures to control the spread of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiane Alves Barbosa
- Coordenação de Vigilância em Saúde, Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Macapá, Macapá, AP, Brasil
| | - Silvana Carvalho Thiengo
- Laboratório de Referência Nacional para Esquistossomose-Malacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Monica Ammon Fernandez
- Laboratório de Referência Nacional para Esquistossomose-Malacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Carlos Graeff-Teixeira
- Núcleo de Doenças Infecciosas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brasil
| | | | | | - Clóvis Omar Sá Miranda
- Coordenação de Vigilância em Saúde, Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Macapá, Macapá, AP, Brasil
| | - Michel de Moraes Jorge
- Coordenação de Vigilância em Saúde, Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Macapá, Macapá, AP, Brasil
| | - Liliane Freitas Costa
- Laboratório de Referência Nacional para Esquistossomose-Malacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Suzete Rodrigues Gomes
- Laboratório de Referência Nacional para Esquistossomose-Malacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
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Prevalence of Angiostrongylus cantonensis among different species of snails in the village of Bagong Sikat Muñoz, Nueva Ecija, Philippines and its associated risk factors for zoonotic transmission. J Parasit Dis 2020; 44:388-394. [PMID: 32508413 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-020-01200-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Snails are good source of protein and one of the delicacies in majority of the areas in the Philippines. However, they may act as an intermediate host for several parasites such as Angiostrongylus cantonensis. This parasite is commonly found in South East Asia especially in agricultural countries like the Philippines. Hence, the present study aims to determine the prevalence of A. cantonensis in their intermediate host in Village Bagong Sikat, which is situated at the rice granary of the Philippines. A total of 947 snails were randomly collected within 50 m × 50 m transect line through handpicked method. The third larvae (L3) stage from the snails was recovered through artificial tissue digestion. Results showed that 173 out of 947 snails (18.27%) were found positive with A. cantonensis L3 larvae. Three species of snails were recovered having Melanoides tuberculata to have the highest prevalence of A. cantonensis (21.54%) followed by Pomacea canaliculata (17.75%) and Vivipara angularis (17.74%). Statistical analysis further showed that prevalence of A. cantonensis and the length of snails has no significant difference (p > 0.05). The species of snails collected and found infected in the present study are considered part of the delicacies of the locals in Nueva Ecija. Thus, these results highlight the need to raise awareness of the locals regarding the zoonotic potential of A. cantonensis, which are of public health importance.
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Medeiros MCI, Rollins RL, Echaluse MV, Cowie RH. Species Identity and Size are Associated with Rat Lungworm Infection in Gastropods. ECOHEALTH 2020; 17:183-193. [PMID: 32676832 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-020-01484-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Angiostrongylus cantonensis, the rat lungworm, is an emerging zoonotic pathogen that cycles between definitive rat and intermediate gastropod hosts. Zoonotic infection occurs when humans intentionally or accidentally consume infectious larvae in a gastropod host, and may manifest as neuroangiostrongyliasis, characterized by eosinophilic meningitis, severe neurological impairment, and even death. Thus, the risk of A. cantonensis zoonoses may be related to the distribution of A. cantonensis larvae across gastropod hosts. We screened 16 gastropod species from 14 communities on the island of O'ahu, Hawai'i, USA, to characterize the distribution of A. cantonensis among species and across host size. Prevalence (proportion of the population infected) and infection intensity (density of worms in host tissue) varied among gastropod species. Prevalence also varied with gastropod host size, but this relationship differed among host species. Most host species showed a positive increase in the probability of infection with host size, suggesting that within species relatively larger hosts had higher prevalence. The density of worms in an infected snail was unrelated to host size. These results suggest that variation in A. cantonensis infection is associated with demographic structure and composition of gastropod communities, which could underlie heterogeneity in the risk of human angiostrongyliasis across landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C I Medeiros
- Pacific Biosciences Research Center, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, 1993 East West Road, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA.
| | - Randi L Rollins
- Pacific Biosciences Research Center, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, 3050 Maile Way, Gilmore 408, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, 2538 McCarthy Mall, Edmondson 216, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
| | - Ma Vida Echaluse
- Pacific Biosciences Research Center, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, 1993 East West Road, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
| | - Robert H Cowie
- Pacific Biosciences Research Center, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, 3050 Maile Way, Gilmore 408, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
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Tomaz TP, Gentile R, Garcia JS, Teixeira BR, Faro MJ. A survey of freshwater and terrestrial snails in a predominantly urban municipality of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, with emphasis on human parasites vectors. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2018; 60:e76. [PMID: 30517246 PMCID: PMC6282505 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-9946201860076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Many snail species act as intermediate hosts of helminths that transmit diseases
to humans and animals, such as schistosomiasis and angiostrongyliasis. São
Gonçalo, a mostly urban municipality in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, has
undergone fundamental environmental impacts, which favor the establishment of a
range of diseases, for which snails act as the intermediate hosts of the
etiological agents. In the present study, freshwater and terrestrial snail
populations were surveyed in different environments within five city districts,
and the presence of helminths was determined in the collected specimens. A total
of 287 individuals were collected, six species from freshwater environment,
Pomacea sp. (Ampullariidae), Melanoides
tuberculata (Thiaridae), Biomphalaria tenagophila
(Planorbidae), Dysopeas muibum (Subulinidae), Physa
marmorata, and Physa acuta (Physidae), and two
from terrestrial environment, Achatina fulica (Achatinidae) and
Bradybaena similaris (Bradybaenidae). Snails were found in
only two districts, Centro, an urban area, and Ipiiba, a rural area. Thirteen
percent of the specimens of A. fulica eliminated larvae of the
nematode Angiostrongylus cantonensis. None of the analyzed
freshwater snails contained helminths.The most abundant and frequent snails were
B. tenagophila, M. tuberculataand
A. fulica, and the latter two species are exotic. The
disturbance and degradation of natural areas adjacent to residential zones favor
the proliferation of helminths, jeopardizing the local residents health. The
abundance of A. fulica and B. tenagophila in
the study area reinforces the need for a continuous and systematic monitoring of
the snail fauna in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tassiana Pereira Tomaz
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mamíferos Silvestres Reservatórios, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rosana Gentile
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mamíferos Silvestres Reservatórios, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Juberlan Silva Garcia
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mamíferos Silvestres Reservatórios, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bernardo Rodrigues Teixeira
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mamíferos Silvestres Reservatórios, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marta Júlia Faro
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mamíferos Silvestres Reservatórios, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Martins FG, Garcia JS, Torres EJL, Santos MAJ, Massard CL, Pinheiro J. First record of Bulimulus tenuissimus (Mollusca) as potential experimental intermediate host of Angiostrongylus cantonensis (Nematoda). BRAZ J BIOL 2018; 79:686-696. [PMID: 30379205 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.188914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Snails are essential to complete the life cycle of the metastrongylid nematode Angiostrongylus cantonensis, the causative agent of infections in domestic and wild animals, mainly rodents, and also of neural angiostrongyliasis or eosinophilic meningitis in humans. There are many reports of mollusks that can act as intermediate hosts of this parasite, especially freshwater snails and the African giant Achatina fulica. The terrestrial gastropod Bulimulus tenuissimus is widely distributed in Brazil and other species of the same genus occur in Brazil and other countries, overlapping regions in which there are reports of the occurrence of A. cantonensis and angiostrongyliasis. In spite of this, there are no records in the literature of this species performing the role of intermediate host to A. cantonensis. The present study analyzed the experimental infection with first-stage larvae of A. cantonensis, under laboratory conditions, of B. tenuissimus, by using histology and electron microscopy techniques. Three weeks after exposure to L1 larvae, it was possible to recover L3 larvae in small numbers from the infected snails. Developing larvae were observed in the cephalopedal mass (foot), ovotestis, and mantle tissues, being located inside a granulomatous structure composed of hemocyte infiltration, but there was no calcium or collagen deposition in these structures in significant amounts. In the third week post exposure, it was possible observe a sheath around the developing larvae. The infected snails presented reduction in the fibrous muscular tissue in the foot region, loss of the acinar organization in the digestive gland, with increase of amorphous material inside the acini and loss of epithelial pattern of nuclear organization in the acinar cells. However, the ovotestis seemed unaffected by the infection, since there was a large number of developing oocytes and spermatozoa in different stages of formation. The digestion of infected snails allows us the third-stage recovery rate of 17.25%, at 14 days post exposure to the L1. These L3 recovered from B. tenuissimus were used to infect rats experimentally, and 43 days post infection first-stage (L1) larvae of A. cantonensis were recovered from fresh feces. The results presented constituted the first report of the role of B. tenuissimus as an experimental intermediate host to A. cantonensis and shed some light on a possible problem, since the overlapping distribution of B. tenuissimus and A. cantonensis in Brazil and other countries where different species of Bulimulus occur enables the establishment and maintenance of the life cycle of this parasite in nature, with wild rodents as reservoirs, acting as a source of infection to humans, causing neural angiostrongyliasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- F G Martins
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro - UFRRJ, BR 465, Km 7, CEP 23897-000, Seropédica, RJ, Brasil
| | - J S Garcia
- Laboratório de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mamíferos Silvestres Reservatórios, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, CEP 21040-360, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - E J L Torres
- Departamento de Imunologia, Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro - UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - M A J Santos
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, BR 465, Km 7, CEP 23897-000, Seropédica, RJ, Brasil
| | - C L Massard
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro - UFRRJ, BR 465, Km 7, CEP 23897-000, Seropédica, RJ, Brasil.,Departamento de Parasitologia Animal, Instituto de Veterinária, BR 465, Km 7, CEP 23897-000, Seropédica, RJ, Brasil
| | - J Pinheiro
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro - UFRRJ, BR 465, Km 7, CEP 23897-000, Seropédica, RJ, Brasil.,Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, BR 465, Km 7, CEP 23897-000, Seropédica, RJ, Brasil
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Ramos-de-Souza J, Thiengo SC, Fernandez MA, Gomes SR, Antônio JC, Clímaco MDC, Garcia JS, Maldonado-Junior A, Barbosa L, Dolabella SS. First records of molluscs naturally infected with Angiostrongylus cantonensis (Nematoda: Metastrongyloidea) in Northeastern Brazil, including new global records of natural intermediate hosts. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2018; 60:e51. [PMID: 30231165 PMCID: PMC6169090 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-9946201860051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human neural angiostrongyliasis is an emerging infectious disease caused by nematode Angiostrongylus cantonensis. The present study investigated the presence of Angiostrongylus spp. in terrestrial molluscs collected from the following areas in the Metropolitan Region of Aracaju, Sergipe State, Brazil: Barra dos Coqueiros, Nossa Senhora do Socorro, Sao Cristovao and Aracaju. In total, 703 specimens representing 13 mollusc species were screened for Angiostrongylus spp. Larvae of Angiostrongylus spp. were found in three species. Larvae recovered from Achatina fulica were used for experimental infection in Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus). For specific identification of nematodes, the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) was sequenced from both larvae and adults recovered from molluscs and rats, respectively. Infection with A. cantonensis was detected in all municipalities and in the following three host species: Bulimulus tenuissimus, Cyclodontina fasciata (Barra dos Coqueiros), and A. fulica (Aracaju, Nossa Senhora do Socorro and Sao Cristovao). Co-infections were also found with Caenorhabditis sp. and Strongyluris sp. larvae. This is the first study of the helminth fauna associated with the terrestrial malacofauna in Sergipe State, and confirms that these three snail species are involved in the transmission of A. cantonensis in the state. In addition, B. tenuissimus and C. fasciata are newly reported natural hosts of the parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jucicleide Ramos-de-Souza
- Laboratório de Entomologia e Parasitologia Tropical, Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Silvana Carvalho Thiengo
- Laboratório de Referência Nacional em Esquistossomose - Malacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Monica Ammon Fernandez
- Laboratório de Referência Nacional em Esquistossomose - Malacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Suzete Rodrigues Gomes
- Laboratório de Referência Nacional em Esquistossomose - Malacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Corrêa Antônio
- Laboratório de Referência Nacional em Esquistossomose - Malacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marianna de Carvalho Clímaco
- Laboratório de Entomologia e Parasitologia Tropical, Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Juberlan Silva Garcia
- Laboratório de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mamíferos Silvestres Reservatórios, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Arnaldo Maldonado-Junior
- Laboratório de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mamíferos Silvestres Reservatórios, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luciene Barbosa
- Laboratório de Entomologia e Parasitologia Tropical, Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Silvio Santana Dolabella
- Laboratório de Entomologia e Parasitologia Tropical, Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
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Lima MSD, Guilherme E. Diagnosis, presence of endoparasites, and local knowledge on the infestation of the exotic giant African snail (gastropoda: pulmonata: achatinidae), in the urban zone of Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil. BIOTA NEOTROPICA 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1676-0611-bn-2017-0503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract The giant African land snail, Lissachatina fulica is considered to be one of the world's worst invader species. This snail can provoke major economic and public health problems in urban areas, in particular as a potential vector of nematodes that infect both humans and animals. In this context, the present study investigated the extent of the infestation of this exotic snail in the urban neighborhoods of the city of Rio Branco, verified the presence of endoparasites in these snails, and evaluated the knowledge of local residents with regard to the presence of this invader species. For this, daytime surveys were conducted between August 2015 and June 2016. For the analysis of endoparasites, 44 live specimens were sent to the National Reference Laboratory for Schistosomiasis-Malacology (LRNEM) of the Oswaldo Cruz Institute (FIOCRUZ). The knowledge of local residents in the infested neighborhoods was investigated using questionnaires with direct, closed questions. The exotic invader species (L. fulica) was detected in 24 of the 36 neighborhoods visited. A total of 858 L. fulica specimens were collected, of which, 329 were alive and 527 were dead. The total length of the shell ranged from 0.7 to 14.2 cm, with a mean±standard deviation of 4.8±2.21 cm. The density of snails in the areas surveyed varied from 0.34 individuals/m2 to 3.54 individuals/m2, while the mean density within the whole study area was estimated to be 0.54 individuals/m2. Mature eggs were found in only 9 (2.7%) of the 329 specimens dissected. The endoparasitological analysis revealed the presence of rhabditiform larvae in 84% of the specimens examined, as well as the nematodes Aelurostrongylus abstrusus (22.7% of the specimens) and Strongyluris sp. (2.2%). A total of 39 local residents were interviewed, and while all were conscious of the presence of the mollusk, none knew its origin or the most adequate way of dealing with it. The results of the study indicate an ample infestation of the city of Rio Branco by L. fulica, and confirmed a complete lack of intervention on the part of the local authorities for the implementation of measures foe the control and management of this pest within the urban zone of Rio Branco.
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Martins FG, Lima MG, Castro RN, Sant'Anna LD, dos Santos MAJ, Garcia JS, Pinheiro J. Bulimulus tenuissimus (mollusca) as a new potential host of Angiostrogylus cantonensis (nematoda), a histological and metabolic study. J Invertebr Pathol 2018; 154:65-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Tunholi-Alves VM, Tunholi VM, Garcia J, Mota EM, Castro RN, Pontes EG, Pinheiro J. Unveiling the oxidative metabolism of Achatina fulica (Mollusca: Gastropoda) experimentally infected to Angiostrongylus cantonensis (Nematoda: Metastrongylidae). Parasitol Res 2018; 117:1773-1781. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-018-5859-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Lu XT, Gu QY, Limpanont Y, Song LG, Wu ZD, Okanurak K, Lv ZY. Snail-borne parasitic diseases: an update on global epidemiological distribution, transmission interruption and control methods. Infect Dis Poverty 2018; 7:28. [PMID: 29628017 PMCID: PMC5890347 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-018-0414-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Snail-borne parasitic diseases, such as angiostrongyliasis, clonorchiasis, fascioliasis, fasciolopsiasis, opisthorchiasis, paragonimiasis and schistosomiasis, pose risks to human health and cause major socioeconomic problems in many tropical and sub-tropical countries. In this review we summarize the core roles of snails in the life cycles of the parasites they host, their clinical manifestations and disease distributions, as well as snail control methods. Main body Snails have four roles in the life cycles of the parasites they host: as an intermediate host infected by the first-stage larvae, as the only intermediate host infected by miracidia, as the first intermediate host that ingests the parasite eggs are ingested, and as the first intermediate host penetrated by miracidia with or without the second intermediate host being an aquatic animal. Snail-borne parasitic diseases target many organs, such as the lungs, liver, biliary tract, intestines, brain and kidneys, leading to overactive immune responses, cancers, organ failure, infertility and even death. Developing countries in Africa, Asia and Latin America have the highest incidences of these diseases, while some endemic parasites have developed into worldwide epidemics through the global spread of snails. Physical, chemical and biological methods have been introduced to control the host snail populations to prevent disease. Conclusions In this review, we summarize the roles of snails in the life cycles of the parasites they host, the worldwide distribution of parasite-transmitting snails, the epidemiology and pathogenesis of snail-transmitted parasitic diseases, and the existing snail control measures, which will contribute to further understanding the snail-parasite relationship and new strategies for controlling snail-borne parasitic diseases. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40249-018-0414-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ting Lu
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Qiu-Yun Gu
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yanin Limpanont
- Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Lan-Gui Song
- Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Zhong-Dao Wu
- Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Kamolnetr Okanurak
- Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Zhi-Yue Lv
- Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China. .,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, China. .,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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Coaglio AL, Ferreira MAND, Dos Santos Lima W, de Jesus Pereira CA. Identification of a phenoloxidase- and melanin-dependent defence mechanism in Achatina fulica infected with Angiostrongylus vasorum. Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:113. [PMID: 29482644 PMCID: PMC5828409 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-2710-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Angiostrongylus vasorum has different freshwater aquatic and terrestrial gastropod molluscs as an intermediate host, e.g. Arion spp. The mollusc Achatina fulica is a danger to public health, given the large diversity of nematodes utilizing it as an intermediate host, such as the parasites of the genus Angiostrongylus, of importance in human and veterinary medicine. Achatina fulica has been shown to have an excellent capacity for maintaining outbreaks and natural infections with A. cantonensis in Asia. Within the mollusc, the nematode parasites activate haemocytes and/or haemolymph factors and in some invertebrates, phenoloxidase (PO), that induces the release of toxic elements and eliminates the parasites. Despite the importance of A. fulica in the life-cycle of nematodes, little is known regarding the defence mechanisms involving PO in molluscs infected with nematodes. Here, the presence of PO and nitric oxide (NO) in the haemolymph and haemocytes of A. fulica infected with first-stage (L1) larvae of Angiostrongylus vasorum was evaluated, together with the presence of melanin in the cephalopod mollusc tissue. Results An increase in PO at one day post infection (dpi), in comparison with the control using the substrates L-tyrosine (F(4,90) = 6.73, P = 0.00006), L-DOPA (F(4,90) = 22.67, P = 0.02) and p-phenylenediamine (PPD) (F(4,90) = 27.58, P = 0.0019), was observed. PO increase coincided with the presence of melanin in the cephalopodal tissue. At 8 dpi, PO activity, compared to L-DOPA (F(4,90) = 22.67, P = 0.00002) and PPD (F(4,90) = 27.58, P = 0.079) decreased, while melanin increased. At 13 dpi, PO decreased with PPD (F(4,90) = 27.58, P = 0.000015) and also the amount of melanin observed in histology. At 30 dpi, PO increased along with the substrates L-DOPA and PPD, while melanin decreased. NO levels increased until 8 dpi, and decreased after 13 dpi. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first study that illustrates PO activity in a helminth-infected A. fulica and provides the first observation of an L-tyrosine dependent PO activity in molluscs infected with A. vasorum. This work suggests that PO pathway may help to control A. vasorum infection in A. fulica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aytube Lucas Coaglio
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Walter Dos Santos Lima
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Bechara AH, Simões RO, Faro MJ, Garcia JS. Achatina fulica infected by Angiostrongylus cantonensis on beaches, in the west zone of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2018; 60:e4. [PMID: 29451597 PMCID: PMC5813667 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-9946201860004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiostrongylus cantonensis is considered the main etiological agent of eosinophilic meningitis in humans. At present, this zoonosis is considered an emerging disease mainly in the Americas. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Achatina fulica infected by Angiostrongylus cantonensis in restinga areas along beaches in the west zone of Rio de Janeiro city, Brazil. The study areas included the following beaches: Barra da Tijuca, Recreio dos Bandeirantes, Reserva, Prainha and Grumari. Ninety specimens of Achatina fulica were collected. Positive molluscs were found only in Barra da Tijuca. Infection prevalence was 5.5%. The presence of this parasite in the beachfront areas, in the west zone of Rio de Janeiro city demonstrates the potential risk of infection for visitors and the expansion of this helminth in the State of Rio de Janeiro.
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Affiliation(s)
- André H Bechara
- Laboratório de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mamíferos Silvestres Reservatórios, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Raquel O Simões
- Laboratório de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mamíferos Silvestres Reservatórios, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marta Júlia Faro
- Laboratório de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mamíferos Silvestres Reservatórios, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Juberlan S Garcia
- Laboratório de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mamíferos Silvestres Reservatórios, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Pavanelli GC, Yamaguchi MU, Calaça EA, Oda FH. Scientometrics of zoonoses transmitted by the giant African snail Achatina fulica Bowdich, 1822. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2017; 59:e15. [PMID: 28423090 PMCID: PMC5398187 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-9946201759015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The dissemination of the giant African snail Achatina fulica in several countries has triggered a great number of studies on the mollusk, including those on zoonoses related to health in humans. The current research is a scientific survey on articles published in four databases, namely, PubMed, Bireme, Scielo and Lilacs. Results indicate that Brazil has a prominent position in international scientific production on this subject, with focus on Angiostrongylus cantonensis occurrences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilberto Cezar Pavanelli
- Instituto Cesumar de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação - ICETI, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
- Centro Universitário Maringá - UniCesumar, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Mirian Ueda Yamaguchi
- Instituto Cesumar de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação - ICETI, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
- Centro Universitário Maringá - UniCesumar, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
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Angiostrongylus cantonensis: a review of its distribution, molecular biology and clinical significance as a human pathogen. Parasitology 2016; 143:1087-118. [PMID: 27225800 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182016000652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Angiostrongylus cantonensis is a metastrongyloid nematode found widely in the Asia-Pacific region, and the aetiological agent of angiostrongyliasis; a disease characterized by eosinophilic meningitis. Rattus rats are definitive hosts of A. cantonensis, while intermediate hosts include terrestrial and aquatic molluscs. Humans are dead-end hosts that usually become infected upon ingestion of infected molluscs. A presumptive diagnosis is often made based on clinical features, a history of mollusc consumption, eosinophilic pleocytosis in cerebral spinal fluid, and advanced imaging such as computed tomography. Serological tests are available for angiostrongyliasis, though many tests are still under development. While there is no treatment consensus, therapy often includes a combination of anthelmintics and corticosteroids. Angiostrongyliasis is relatively rare, but is often associated with morbidity and sometimes mortality. Recent reports suggest the parasites' range is increasing, leading to fatalities in regions previously considered Angiostrongylus-free, and sometimes, delayed diagnosis in newly invaded regions. Increased awareness of angiostrongyliasis would facilitate rapid diagnosis and improved clinical outcomes. This paper summarizes knowledge on the parasites' life cycle, clinical aspects and epidemiology. The molecular biology of Angiostrongylus spp. is also discussed. Attention is paid to the significance of angiostrongyliasis in Australia, given the recent severe cases reported from the Sydney region.
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Angiostrongylus cantonensis Infection on Mayotte Island, Indian Ocean, 2007-2012. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2016; 10:e0004635. [PMID: 27144645 PMCID: PMC4856411 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Human angiostrongyliasis (HA) is a neurological helminthic disease caused by the lung worm Angiostrongylus cantonensis. It is suspected in the combination of travel or a residence in an endemic area and eosinophilic meningitis. In Mayotte, an island in the Indian Ocean, cases are rare but regular. The main objective of our study was to describe the epidemiological and diagnosis clues of HA in Mayotte. The secondary objectives were to evaluate the contribution of Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT- PCR) for the diagnosis of HA, delineate the characteristics of the local transmission and ascertain the presence of A. cantonensis in Achatina fulica, the potential vector of the disease. Materials and Methods Between 2007 and 2012, all cases of eosinophilic meningitis were retrospectively included and investigated by RT- PCR in the CSF. Descriptive analysis was conducted for clinical, biological and radiological features, and were analyzed for all patients together with the search for prognostic factors for mortality. Concurrently, geolocalization and temporal parameters were studied to correlate the occurrence of the cases with rainfall seasons and snails were collected to enhance a parasitic carriage with real time PCR. Results During the 6-year period of the study, 14 cases were identified (2.3 cases/year) and 9 among 10 remaining CSF were positive in PCR. Among 14 cases of EM, 13 were less than 2 year-old children. The 1 year mortality rate was 5/14 (35.7%). Among survivors, 3/7 (42.8%) presented neurological sequelae. Factors associated with mortality were dysfunction of cranial nerves, abnormal brain imaging, and CSF glucose level inferior to 2 mmol/l. Occurrence of cases was temporarily and spatially correlated to the rainy season. Among the 64 collected giant snails, 6 (9.4%) were positive with A. cantonensis PCR. The likely main route of transmission was the children licking snails, carriers of the parasite. Conclusion In Mayotte, HA was mainly found in paediatric cases under 2 years old, and evidenced a life-threatening disease. PCR seems to be a promising tool in the definitive diagnosis of HA. Population should be aware of the role of A. fulica, and not let the children have direct contact with the snails. Human angiostrongyliasis is a neurological helminthic disease caused by the lung worm Angiostrongylus cantonensis, and most cases are reported from Asia, particularly Thailand and China. In Mayotte, an overseas French Territory in the Indian Ocean, cases are rare but regular, with life-threatening clinical pictures in very young children, though the medical literature describes this disease as mild, even in children. We aimed to study this disease in the specific context of the Indian Ocean. We found that, although this disease is quite rare: 14 cases in a study period of 6 years, with evidence among children, and mainly (13/14) those less than 2 years old, and its prognosis is poor as the 1-year mortality rate was 35.7%, and neurological sequelae 42.7% of the survivors. The real time PCR performed on the CSF was a sensitive tool. The occurrence of cases was temporarily and geographically linked to rain, and 9.4% of the collected Achatina fulica, the giant African snails, were positive for the parasite with high parasitic loads. The specific epidemiology is linked to the bad habit of the young children to lick the snails, which are present everywhere on the island, and have a severe presentation due to the high parasitic load.
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