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de Oliveira JA, Anastácio DB, Silva TRM, Silva SS, de Carvalho GA, Ramos RAN. Triatomine vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi in an endemic area for Chagas disease in Northeast Brazil. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2024; 57:e007002023. [PMID: 38324807 PMCID: PMC10852468 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0413-2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We assessed the distribution of triatomines in an endemic area for Chagas disease. METHODS This retrospective study used secondary data extracted from the Official System of the National Chagas Disease Control Program (Sistema Oficial do Programa Nacional de Controle da Doença de Chagas - SisPCDCh). RESULTS A total of 7,257 (725.7 ± 221.7 per year) specimens were collected from 2013 to 2022. Most of them (6,792; 93.6%) were collected in the intradomicile and 465 (6.4%) in the peridomicile. A total of 513 (7.1%) triatomines tested positive for the presence of trypomastigote forms, similar to Trypanosoma cruzi. CONCLUSIONS The spatial analysis revealed a heterogeneous distribution of triatomines across different municipalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Atanásio de Oliveira
- Universidade Federal do Agreste de Pernambuco, Laboratório de Parasitologia, Garanhuns, PE, Brasil
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociência Animal, Recife, PE, Brasil
| | | | | | - Samuel Souza Silva
- Universidade Federal do Agreste de Pernambuco, Laboratório de Parasitologia, Garanhuns, PE, Brasil
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociência Animal, Recife, PE, Brasil
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Bezerra-Santos MA, Dantas-Torres F, Ramos RAN, Brianti E, Otranto D. Cercopithifilaria spp. of dogs: little known but prevalent filarioids beneath the skin. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:386. [PMID: 37880799 PMCID: PMC10601261 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-06007-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Filarioids of the genus Cercopithifilaria are little studied, yet widespread parasites, that are relatively unique in being one of the very few nematodes transmitted by hard ticks. These filarioids live in the subcutis while microfilariae are found in the dermis. Definitive hosts include domestic dogs as well as a wide range of vertebrates, such as ruminants, non-human primates, murids, marsupials, porcupines, viverrids, bears and lagomorphs. The genus Cercopithifilaria contains three taxa (i.e. C. bainae, C. grassii and a yet undescribed species, namely Cercopithifilaria sp. II) that are known to infect dogs worldwide, with their occurrence overlapping the distribution of the main tick vector, Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato. In recent decades, more attention has focused on these filarioids since they have been associated with clinical signs of infection, such as dermatitis, chronic polyarthritis and cutaneous cysts, and possibly with facilitating infections caused by other tick-borne pathogens. Nevertheless, these parasites remain largely underdiagnosed in clinical practice due to the lack of awareness of veterinary practitioners and to major obstacles to their diagnosis. In this review, we have assessed currently available data on Cercopithifilaria spp. infecting dogs worldwide and discussed the biological, clinical and epidemiological aspects of these filarioids, with the overall aim to gain a better understanding of their potential role in skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Emanuele Brianti
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Domenico Otranto
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Bari, Italy.
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran.
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Gottdenker NL, Nascimento Ramos RA, Hakimi H, McHale B, Rivera S, Miller BM, Howerth EW, Burrell CE, Stilwell JM, McManamon R, Verocai GG. Angiostrongylus cantonensis Infection in Brown Rats (Rattus norvegicus), Atlanta, Georgia, USA, 2019-2022. Emerg Infect Dis 2023; 29:2167-2170. [PMID: 37735783 PMCID: PMC10521602 DOI: 10.3201/eid2910.230706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Rat lungworm (Angiostrongylus cantonensis), a zoonotic parasite invasive to the United States, causes eosinophilic meningoencephalitis. A. cantonensis harbors in rat reservoir hosts and is transmitted through gastropods and other paratenic hosts. We discuss the public health relevance of autochthonous A. cantonensis cases in brown rats (Rattus norvegicus) in Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
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Filho CRCU, Lima TARF, de Barros LSS, Giannelli A, Alves LC, de Carvalho GA, Ramos RAN. Leishmaniases in a tropical area of Brazil: a spatio-temporal analysis. J Parasit Dis 2023; 47:556-561. [PMID: 37520193 PMCID: PMC10382432 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-023-01600-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniases are a group of tropical and neglected diseases caused by the protozoa of the genus Leishmania which are transmitted by insect sandflies. Despite of the major efforts undertaken at global level for the control of these diseases, a recent spreading to non-endemic areas been observed. In this study we analyzed the spatio-temporal distribution of Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) and Tegumentary Leishmaniasis (TL) cases notified in a tropical region of Brazil. A retrospective evaluation was carried out using secondary data (e.g., demographics, origin, age and area of occurrence) of human patients obtained from 2009 to 2019. Choropleth maps with levels of color intensity represented the spatial distribution of VL and TL cases. Overall, 116 (10.5 ± 8.5) cases of leishmaniases were registered in the study area during the whole period. Of those, 61 (5.5 ± 5.5) and 55 (5 ± 4.3) were diagnosed as VL and TL, respectively. VL cases were recorded in 61.9% (13/21) and TL cases in 42.8% (9/21) of the municipalities. Most of the cases were predominantly notified in men from rural areas, and specifically for TL with an age range of 30-59 years old. These findings will be useful to drive strategies of control (e.g., vector control, dog surveillance and notification of suspected cases) against these neglect diseases, preventing the spreading to non-endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Roberto Cruz Ubirajara Filho
- Graduate Program in Animal Biosciences, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE Brazil
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Federal University of the Agreste of Pernambuco, Garanhuns, PE Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Leucio Câmara Alves
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE Brazil
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Napoli E, D'Amico G, Ramos RAN. Editorial: Dog filariosis: the threat walks not only in the blood stream. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1258004. [PMID: 37546335 PMCID: PMC10401595 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1258004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ettore Napoli
- Department Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Gianluca D'Amico
- Department of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Rafael Antonio Nascimento Ramos
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Federal University of the Agreste of Pernambuco, Garanhuns, Brazil
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
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Silva SS, Macedo LOD, Oliveira JCPD, Alves LC, Carvalho GAD, Ramos RAN. Canine visceral leishmaniasis: risk factors and spatial analysis in an endemic area of Northeastern Brazil. Rev Bras Parasitol Vet 2023; 32:e003223. [PMID: 37222306 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612023029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Canine visceral leishmaniasis is a disease caused by the protozoon Leishmania infantum, an important agent of zoonotic concern. In this study we determined the seroprevalence, risk factors and spatial distribution of infection by L. infantum among dogs in the Pajeú microregion of the Sertão region of Pernambuco, Brazil. Canine serum samples (n = 247) were tested using the Dual Path Platform (DPP®) rapid screening test and ELISA/S7® confirmatory test; and risk factors were assessed through univariate analysis and logistical regression. The spatial distribution of reactive dogs was analyzed by drawing a map using QGIS. Seroprevalence of 13.7% (34/247) was detected, with cases predominating in the municipality of Tabira (26.4%; 9/34). Age above 10 years was considered to be a risk factor associated with the presence of anti-L. infantum antibodies. The high overall prevalence and spatial distribution of positive cases showed wide dispersion of reagents dogs in the study area. Therefore, preventive measures are needed in order to reduce the risk of infection for animals and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Souza Silva
- Laboratório de Parasitologia, Universidade Federal do Agreste de Pernambuco - UFAPE, Garanhuns, PE, Brasil
| | - Lucia Oliveira de Macedo
- Laboratório de Parasitologia, Universidade Federal do Agreste de Pernambuco - UFAPE, Garanhuns, PE, Brasil
| | | | - Leucio Câmara Alves
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco - UFRPE, Recife, PE, Brasil
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Ramos RAN, de Macedo LO, Bezerra-Santos MA, de Carvalho GA, Verocai GG, Otranto D. The Role of Parasitoid Wasps, Ixodiphagus spp. (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), in Tick Control. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12050676. [PMID: 37242346 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12050676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Species of Ixodiphagus (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) are parasitoid wasps whose immature forms develop inside ixodid and argasid ticks (Acari: Ixodida). Following oviposition by adult female wasps into the idiosoma of ticks, larvae hatch and start feeding on their internal contents, eventually emerging as adult wasps from the body of the dead ticks. Species of Ixodiphagus have been reported as parasitoids of 21 species of ticks distributed across 7 genera. There are at least ten species described in the genus, with Ixodiphagus hookeri being the most studied as an agent for biological control of ticks. Although attempts of tick control by means of this parasitoid largely failed, in a small-scale study 150,000 specimens of I. hookeri were released over a 1-year period in a pasture where a small cattle population was kept, resulting in an overall reduction in the number of Amblyomma variegatum ticks per animal. This review discusses current scientific information about Ixodiphagus spp., focusing on the role of this parasitoid in the control of ticks. The interactions between these wasps and the ticks' population are also discussed, focusing on the many biological and logistical challenges, with limitations of this control method for reducing tick populations under natural conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucia Oliveira de Macedo
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Federal University of the Agreste of Pernambuco, Garanhuns 55292-270, PE, Brazil
| | | | | | - Guilherme Gomes Verocai
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Domenico Otranto
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, 70121 Bari, Italy
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan 65174, Iran
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Melo TBD, Silva TRM, Almeida TLACD, Tutija JF, Silva AOD, Lira MDS, Amorim D, Giannelli A, Ramos CADN, Alves LC, Carvalho GAD, Ramos RAN. Molecular detection of vector-borne pathogens in cats tested for FIV and FeLV. Veterinary Parasitology: Regional Studies and Reports 2023; 40:100857. [PMID: 37068860 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2023.100857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to detect molecularly vector borne pathogens (VBPs) in domiciled cats tested for Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and Feline leukemia virus (FeLV). Blood samples (n = 119) were analyzed microscopically and molecularly through PCR and sequenced for the detection of the following pathogens: piroplasmids., Bartonella henselae, Cytauxzoon felis, Ehrlichia canis, Leishmania spp., hemotropic Mycoplasma spp., Trypanosoma spp., and Ricketssia spp. Animals were also serological assessed for detection of antibodies against FIV and FeLV. Out of all animals, 20.16% (24/119) tested positive for at least one VBPs at molecular examination. Conversely, no animal resulted positive at microscopic analysis. The most prevalent pathogen was hemotropic Mycoplasma haemofelis (8.40%; 10/119), followed by Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum (5.88%; 7/119), E. canis (5.04%; 6/119), C. felis (0.84%; 1/119) and B. henselae (0.84%; 1/119). One animal (0.84%; 1/119) was co-infected with. E. canis and B. henselae. A total of 5.88% (7/119) and 1.68% (2/119) tested positive for FIV and FeLV, respectively. Data of this study demonstrate that owned cats can be at risk of hemotropic Mycoplasma spp., E. canis, C. felis and B. henselae. Therefore, preventive measures against vectors of these pathogens should be implemented in order to reduce the risk of exposition and consequently infection. Additionally, aggressive behaviors among cats should be avoided, especially because hemotropic Mycoplasma spp. may be transmitted through the bite of animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thyara Bezerra de Melo
- Graduate Program of Animal Bioscience, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Tatiene Rossana Mota Silva
- Graduate Program of Animal Bioscience, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil; Laboratory of Parasitology, Federal University of the Agreste of Pernambuco, Garanhuns, Brazil
| | | | - Juliane Franciele Tutija
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Angélica Oliveira da Silva
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Leucio Câmara Alves
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
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Ramos RAN, Giannelli A, Fasquelle F, Scuotto A, Betbeder D. Effective immuno-therapeutic treatment of Canine Leishmaniasis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0011360. [PMID: 37216392 PMCID: PMC10237639 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Canine Leishmaniasis (CanL) caused by the L. infantum species is one of the biggest threats to the health of the South American canine population. Chemotherapeutics currently used for the treatment of CanL fail to induce a total parasite clearance while inducing numerous side effects. As CanL is an immunomodulated disease, the use of immuno-treatments should strengthen the deficient immune response of infected dogs. In this study, we evaluated a nasally administered immunotherapy in dogs naturally infected with L. infantum (stage 2), with both visceral and cutaneous manifestations. Noteworthy, some of them were also infected by other parasites (E. canis, D. immitis, A. platys), what worsen their chance of survival. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS The treatment was based on 2 intranasal (IN.) administrations of a killed L. infantum parasite loaded into maltodextrin nanoparticles, which treatment was compared with the classical oral administration of Miltefosine (2 mg/kg) for 28 days, as well as a combination of these 2 treatments. The results showed that two IN administrations significantly reduced the serology, and were at least as efficient as the chemotherapy to reduce the skin and bone marrow parasite burden, as well as clinical scores, and that unlike Miltefosine treatments, this nasally administered nanoparticle vaccine was without side effects. CONCLUSIONS These results confirm the feasibility of a simple therapeutic immuno-treatment against L. infantum infected dogs, which is a promising tool for future developments.
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Vecchi MOM, Ramos RAN, Bitencourth K, Vecchi MB, Alves MAS. First record of the parasitoid wasp Ixodiphagus hookeri (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) infesting the tick Amblyomma nodosum (Acari: Ixodidae). Parasitol Res 2023; 122:1255-1259. [PMID: 36922409 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-07813-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Ticks (Ixodida) are ecologically important ectoparasites that may impact human health and economic activities. Parasitoid wasps are natural enemies of ticks and a potential option for its biological control. In the present study, we recorded parasitism of the nymphs of the tick Amblyomma nodosum by the parasitoid wasp Ixodiphagus hookeri. The ticks, in turn, were parasitizing white-bearded manakins, Manacus manacus (Passeriformes: Pipridae) in the União Biological Reserve, one of the last major remnants of lowland rainforest in Rio de Janeiro state, southeastern Brazil. During the collection of ectoparasites from two manakins in this reserve, 20-30 parasitoid wasps hatched spontaneously from two of the ticks collected. The species of the tick nymphs and adult wasps were identified using morphological traits and molecular analyses. This record is the first documented case of I. hookeri parasitizing A. nodosum and the first time that parasitoid wasps have been found in ticks parasitizing birds in Brazil. This is also the first record of Ixodiphagus from southeastern Brazil in more than a century, with the only other record dating back to 1914. The record presented here provides valuable new information on the biology of this tick and its parasitoids, and new insights into this interspecific interaction. Further research on these vertebrate-tick-wasp interactions will be necessary to better understand the respective roles of the organisms involved in these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariah O M Vecchi
- Department of Ecology, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratory of Ticks and Other Apterous Arthropods, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Ecology, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Karla Bitencourth
- Laboratory of Ticks and Other Apterous Arthropods, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maurício B Vecchi
- Department of Ecology, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria Alice S Alves
- Department of Ecology, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Gruntmeir J, Kelly M, Ramos RAN, Verocai GG. Cutaneous filarioid nematodes of dogs in the United States: Are they emerging, neglected, or underdiagnosed parasites? Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1128611. [PMID: 36908516 PMCID: PMC9995907 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1128611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Filarioid nematodes, which are vector-borne parasites of cosmopolitan distribution, of dogs are medically important. They are represented by species in which microfilariae were found to be circulating in the bloodstream (e.g., Dirofilaria sp., Acanthocheilonema sp., and Brugia sp.) or skin-dwelling (e.g., Cercopithifilaria sp. and Onchocerca sp.). Those species whose microfilariae are detected in blood have been extensively studied, especially Dirofilaria immitis, due to their clinical importance. In recent decades, there has been an increased interest by the scientific community in filarioid nematodes whose microfilariae are detected in the skin because of the zoonotic aspect of Onchocerca lupi. In the United States (US), although D. immitis has been considered the main filarioid infecting dogs, the intense animal movement and global canine filarioid diversity may indicate that the likely presence of cutaneous filarioid nematodes is more common than previously expected. Hence, a question remains: Are these canine filarioid nematodes emerging, neglected, or simply underdiagnosed in the US? In this review, we provide an overview of pertinent information that briefly summarizes the biology of the different canine filarioid nematode species, clinical signs associated with infections, and currently available diagnostic tools using molecular and microscopy-based methods and highlight knowledge gaps where research and surveillance efforts remain necessary. The data herein presented serve as an alert to the scientific community about the importance of filarioid nematodes infecting dogs other than D. immitis. Additionally, the zoonotic potential of several filarioid species reinforces the necessity of a proper diagnosis and the need for broader surveillance to understand their diversity and distribution, to highlight the potential introduction of certain species, and mitigate their establishment in the country and new animal and human cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff Gruntmeir
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.,Southeastern Center of Excellence in Vector Borne Diseases, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Maureen Kelly
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biological Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | | | - Guilherme Gomes Verocai
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biological Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
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do Nascimento Ramos IC, Ramos RAN, de Macedo LO, de Carvalho GA, Alves LC. The application of the FLOTAC technique for detection of helminth eggs of medical and veterinary importance in soil samples. Exp Parasitol 2022; 242:108379. [PMID: 36116521 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2022.108379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The FLOTAC technique was initially developed to detected infective stages of parasites in animal and human feces. Recently, its applicability has been extended by the use in pastures and vegetables for human consumption. However, its use for the detection of parasites in the soil has never been investigated. In this study, we assessed the performance of the FLOTAC and compared with centrifugal flotation (CFT) and spontaneous sedimentation (SST) techniques. A total of 50 soil samples were collected from the Metropolitan region of Recife, Northeastern Brazil. Initially, samples were standardized, and then assessed in duplicate by the FLOTAC, CFT and SST. Cohen's kappa coefficient, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and accuracy of the FLOTAC, CFT and SST were assessed using the results of the combination of all three techniques as gold standard. Out of all analyses performed, in 96% (48/50), helminth eggs of parasites were detected. In particular, 96% (48/50) of samples analysed through the FLOTAC technique, 76% (38/50) for CFT and 28% (14/50) for SST were positive. Nematode eggs of the Ancylostomatidae and Ascarididae families were those mostly detected in this study. Overall, the FLOTAC presented high values of sensitivity, demonstrating that this method may also be employed for detection of parasites in soil samples. This study opens new possibilities for the use of the FLOTAC technique, highlighting its role as a potential tool for detecting environmental contamination by parasites of medical and veterinary importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Carla do Nascimento Ramos
- Graduate Program of Animal Bioscience, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil; Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | | | - Lucia Oliveira de Macedo
- Graduate Program of Animal Bioscience, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil; Laboratory of Parasitology, Federal University of the Agreste of Pernambuco, Garanhuns, Brazil
| | | | - Leucio Câmara Alves
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
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Macedo LOD, Ubirajara Filho CRC, Brito RS, Santos KKFD, Mendonça CLD, Carvalho GAD, Ramos RAN. Larvoscopic study on Dictyocaulus sp. in the faeces of beef cattle in northeastern Brazil. Rev Bras Parasitol Vet 2022; 31:e009122. [PMID: 36000610 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612022047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The lungworm Dictyocaulus viviparus has an important role in cattle health and productivity worldwide, since infections can lead to substantial economic losses. Despite its importance, few studies investigating the epidemiological aspects of infection by this parasite have been conducted. The aim of this study was to report the occurrence of lungworm infection in beef cattle herds reared in an area of livestock production in the northeastern region of Brazil. From September 2020 to August 2021, monthly fecal samples (n = 493) were collected from 46 beef cattle. Among all the animals assessed, lungworm larvae were detected in 8.7% (4/46). None of them presented any clinical sign suggestive of infection by lungworm parasites. Twenty larvae were retrieved, with the minimum number (n = 1) detected in October and December, and the maximum number (n = 13) in November. These presented a mean length of 363 μm (± 28.65 μm) and mean width of 19 μm (± 1.03 μm), and were morphologically similar to Dictyocaulus sp.. This study reports the occurrence of this parasite in this livestock production area. Lastly, local veterinarians need to be aware of inclusion of this parasite in the differential diagnosis of other respiratory infections in beef cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Oliveira de Macedo
- Laboratório de Parasitologia, Universidade Federal do Agreste de Pernambuco, Garanhuns, PE, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biociência Animal, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brasil
| | - Carlos Roberto Cruz Ubirajara Filho
- Laboratório de Parasitologia, Universidade Federal do Agreste de Pernambuco, Garanhuns, PE, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biociência Animal, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brasil
| | - Renata Silva Brito
- Laboratório de Parasitologia, Universidade Federal do Agreste de Pernambuco, Garanhuns, PE, Brasil
| | | | - Carla Lopes de Mendonça
- Clínica de Bovinos de Garanhuns, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Garanhuns, PE, Brasil
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Ramos RAN, Giannelli A, Ubirajara-Filho CRC, Ramos CADN, Betbder D, Bezerra-Santos MA, Dantas-Torres F, Alves LC, Otranto D. Vector-borne pathogens in dogs from areas where leishmaniosis is endemic. Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports 2022; 32:100746. [PMID: 35725105 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2022.100746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Many vector-borne pathogens (VBPs), including Ehrlichia canis and Dirofilaria immitis, may infect simultaneously dogs in areas where Leishmania infantum is endemic, especially in the tropics, where highly abundant arthropod vectors thrive. The aim of this study was to compare the frequency of simultaneous VBPs infection in Leishmania-positive and Leishmania-negative dogs. Animals enrolled in this study were divided in two groups (G1 and G2), G1 being comprised of L. infantum-infected dogs (n = 58) and the G2 of L. infantum-negative dogs (n = 58). Blood samples were screened using a qualitative ELISA test (SNAP® 4Dx® Plus, IDEXX Laboratory, Westbrook, Maine, USA) for detection of antibodies against Anaplasma spp., Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, Ehrlichia spp. and antigens of Dirofilaria immitis. Overall, 89.7% (52/58) of dogs from G1 were positive for at least one VBP, whereas 50.0% (29/58) of dogs from G2 dogs were positive as well. The highest positivity was to E. canis (67.2%; 78/116), followed by D. immitis (12.9%; 15/116), and A. platys (6.0%; 7/116). None of the animals scored positive for B. burgdorferi s.l.. There was a statistically significant difference for the simultaneous positivity to E. canis plus D. immitis between groups. Furthermore, 43.1% (25/58) of dogs from G1 were infested by ectoparasites (ticks, fleas, or both), compared to 20.6% (12/58) of dogs from G2. In conclusion, Leishmania-infected dogs were more co-infected with other VBPs than Leishmania-negative animals. Therefore, it is pivotal to increase the awareness of veterinarian and dog owners about the importance of testing Leishmania-infected dogs for other VBPs, as this may directly affect treatment decisions and management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Carlos Roberto Cruz Ubirajara-Filho
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Federal University of the Agreste of Pernambuco, Garanhuns, Brazil; Graduate Program in Animal Biosciences, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Leucio Câmara Alves
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Domenico Otranto
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Bari, Italy
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Santos KKFD, Macedo LOD, Conceição ÂID, Santos LAD, Mendonça CLD, Alves LC, Ramos RAN, Carvalho GAD. Diversity of Eimeria (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) species and risk factors associated in natural infecting calves at the Southern Agreste Microregion in the State of Pernambuco, Brazil. Rev Bras Parasitol Vet 2022; 31:e002222. [PMID: 35613151 PMCID: PMC9901888 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612022026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Eimeria species have importance to calves because of the economic losses. The aim of this study was to identify the species of Eimeria that affect calves and the risk factors associated with its natural infection. Fecal samples (387) were collected from dairy farms in the southern Agreste of Pernambuco. The feces were evaluated using the Gordon & Whitlock technique and were cultured in 2.5% potassium dichromate for sporulation of oocysts. Odds ratio (OR) were calculated to assess risk factors. Eimeria spp. were detected in 50.65% (196/387) of the samples. Eleven species were identified, being Eimeria bovis (26.64%; 548/2057), Eimeria zuernii (19.69%; 405/2057) and Eimeria ellipsoidalis (14.49%; 298/2057) those more frequent. Small herds (OR = 1.93), calves aged up to six months (OR = 2.12), absence of manure pit (OR = 7.52), fortnightly cleaning (OR = 4.71), collective calf pens (OR = 3.26), manual milking (OR = 2.16) and absence of veterinary care (OR = 2.28) were considered to be risk factors. The data revealed pathogenic species in more than 50% of the farms. Thus, the importance of adopting sanitary measures to reduce the spread of these protozoa in herds should be done, because of economic losses associated with its infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karlla Keyla Ferreira Dos Santos
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Sanidade e Reprodução de Animais de Produção, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco - UFRPE, Garanhuns, PE, Brasil
| | - Lucia Oliveira de Macedo
- Laboratório de Parasitologia, Universidade Federal do Agreste de Pernambuco - UFAPE, Garanhuns, PE, Brasil
| | | | - Lucas Azevedo Dos Santos
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Sanidade e Reprodução de Animais de Produção, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco - UFRPE, Garanhuns, PE, Brasil.,Laboratório de Parasitologia, Universidade Federal do Agreste de Pernambuco - UFAPE, Garanhuns, PE, Brasil
| | - Carla Lopes de Mendonça
- Clínica de Bovinos de Garanhuns, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco - UFRPE, Garanhuns, PE, Brasil
| | - Leucio Câmara Alves
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco - UFRPE, Recife, PE, Brasil
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de Macedo LO, Lima TARF, Verocai GG, Alves LC, de Carvalho GA, Ramos RAN. Lungworms in ruminants from Brazil: A retrospective epidemiological study over four decades. Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports 2021; 26:100645. [PMID: 34879956 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2021.100645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Lungworms such as Dictyocaulus spp. in cattle and small ruminants, and Muellerius capillaris and Protostrongylus rufescens in small ruminants are important pathogens, causing respiratory disease in these livestock species. Despite their veterinary importance, lungworms of livestock have been poorly studied in certain regions of the world, including Brazil. Therefore, much of their epidemiology and economic impacts on production remain unknown. This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the historical and current data published on lungworm infection of domestic ruminants in Brazil. This review consisted of a comprehensive search of technical and scientific publications between January 1980 to December 2020, using online sources such as PubMed, Google Scholar and Scielo. Twenty-four articles published over the last 40 years reporting lungworms exclusively in cattle (n = 16), goats (n = 6) and sheep (n = 1) in Brazil were included. In addition, a study (n = 1) with both goats and sheep were also utilized. Overall, 12 studies were based only on post-mortem examination, five in the detection of specimens in fecal samples, and seven were based on fecal analysis followed by post-mortem examination. Out of all studies, 66.7% (n = 16) articles registered D. viviparus, 4.2% (n = 1) D. filaria, 8.3% (n = 2) P. rufescens, 16.7% (n = 4) M. capillaris, and 4.2% (n = 1) co-infection by D. filaria and M. capillaris. The existence of suitable environmental conditions, as well as intermediate and definitive hosts in Brazil contribute for the survival and development of these nematode species. The majority of the reports of lungworms originate from the Southern and Southeastern regions of the country, whose mild temperatures likely contribute to their occurrence. Finally, lungworms of ruminants have been reported over the past four decades in Brazil, but most of the information was obtained at post-mortem examination. Therefore, further studies to investigate epidemiological aspects in different hosts and regions of the country are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Oliveira de Macedo
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Federal University of the Agreste of Pernambuco, Garanhuns, PE, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Animal Bioscience, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Guilherme Gomes Verocai
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Leucio Câmara Alves
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
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Silva TRM, Ferrer-Miranda E, de Oliveira JCP, Santoro KR, Alves LC, de Barros LSS, Ramos RAN, de Carvalho GA. Infections by trypanosomatid (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae) in triatomines (Hemiptera: Triatominae): A spatiotemporal assessment in an endemic area for Chagas disease. Zoonoses Public Health 2021; 69:95-105. [PMID: 34713588 DOI: 10.1111/zph.12898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This research analysed the spatiotemporal distribution of triatomines infected by trypanosomatid parasites in an endemic region for Chagas disease, in the state of Pernambuco, Northeastern Brazil. The database included the total number of triatomines captured from intradomicile and peridomicile areas, as well as the infection rate (IR) by trypanosomatid. The G i ∗ by Getis-Ord method was used to statistically identify significant concentration clusters and the IR of triatomines by trypanosomatids. A generalized linear regression model with a binomial distribution was used to evaluate the probability of finding an IR by trypanosomatids. Overall, of 4,800 triatomines examined, trypanosomatid forms similar to Trypanosoma cruzi were detected in 10.29% of them, and the majority of positive specimens (98.17%) were collected at intradomicile. The geospatial analyses identified triatomines clusters in intradomicile and peridomicile environments. According to the logistic regression data for species (Panstrongylus lutzi, P. megistus, Triatoma brasiliensis and T. pseudomaculata), the probability of detection of T. cruzi infection remains constant in up to 50 specimens examined or more. The findings of this research revealed a scenario never studied in this area through this type of spatiotemporal analysis, which is essential to identify areas of vulnerability for the occurrence of these vectors and consequently for Chagas disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edyniesky Ferrer-Miranda
- Graduate Program in Biometrics and Applies Statistics, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | | | - Kleber Régis Santoro
- Graduate Program in Biometrics and Applies Statistics, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Leucio Câmara Alves
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
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Berenguer LKAR, Gomes CFCDA, Nascimento JDO, Bernardi JCM, Lima VFS, de Oliveira JB, Ramos CADN, Ramos RAN, Alves LC. Correction to: Leishmania infantum Infection in a domestic cat: A real threat or an occasional finding? Acta Parasitol 2021; 66:1093. [PMID: 33570738 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-020-00320-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Leucio Câmara Alves
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, CEP: 52171-900, Brazil
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Bosco A, Alves LC, Cociancic P, Amadesi A, Pepe P, Morgoglione ME, Maurelli MP, Ferrer-Miranda E, Santoro KR, Nascimento Ramos RA, Rinaldi L, Cringoli G. Epidemiology and spatial distribution of Echinococcus granulosus in sheep and goats slaughtered in a hyperendemic European Mediterranean area. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:421. [PMID: 34419132 PMCID: PMC8380321 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-04934-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a worldwide parasitic zoonosis caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato affecting livestock, particularly sheep and goats. However, often this parasitosis is underestimated. For this reason, this study aimed to evaluate the epidemiological features and spatial distribution of CE in sheep and goats slaughtered in a hyperendemic Mediterranean area. Methods A survey was conducted in the Basilicata region (southern Italy) from 2014 to 2019. A total of 1454 animals (1265 sheep and 189 goats) from 824 farms were examined for hydatid cyst detection by visual inspection, palpation and incision of target organs. All the CE cysts were counted and classified into five morphostructural types (unilocular, multiseptate, calcified, caseous and hyperlaminated). Molecular analysis was performed on 353 cysts. For spatial analysis, a kriging interpolation method was used to create risk maps, while clustering was assessed by Moran’s I test. Results CE prevalence of 72.2% (595/824) and 58.4% (849/1454) was observed at the farm and animal levels, respectively, with higher values in sheep (62.9%) than goats (28.0%). The liver and lungs were the most frequently infected organs in both sheep and goats. Most of recovered cysts were of the calcified and multiseptate morphotypes. All the isolates were identified as E. granulosus sensu stricto (genotypes G1–G3). Spatial distribution showed a moderate clustering of positive animals. Conclusion The findings of this study can be used to better understand the eco-epidemiology of echinococcosis and to improve CE surveillance and prevention programs in regions highly endemic for CE. Graphical abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Bosco
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, CREMOPAR, Naples, Campania, Italy
| | - Leucio Camara Alves
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Paola Cociancic
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, CREMOPAR, Naples, Campania, Italy.,Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores (CEPAVE-CONICET-UNLP-asociado a CICPBA), La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alessandra Amadesi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, CREMOPAR, Naples, Campania, Italy
| | - Paola Pepe
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, CREMOPAR, Naples, Campania, Italy
| | - Maria Elena Morgoglione
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, CREMOPAR, Naples, Campania, Italy
| | - Maria Paola Maurelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, CREMOPAR, Naples, Campania, Italy.
| | - Edyniesky Ferrer-Miranda
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Federal University of Agreste of Pernambuco, Garanhuns, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Kleber Régis Santoro
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Federal University of Agreste of Pernambuco, Garanhuns, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | - Laura Rinaldi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, CREMOPAR, Naples, Campania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cringoli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, CREMOPAR, Naples, Campania, Italy
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Berenguer LKAR, Gomes CFCDA, Nascimento JDO, Bernardi JCM, Lima VFS, de Oliveira JB, Ramos CADN, Ramos RAN, Alves LC. Leishmania infantum Infection in a Domestic Cat: A Real Threat or an Occasional Finding? Acta Parasitol 2021; 66:673-676. [PMID: 33044603 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-020-00294-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) has been considered one of the most important neglected zoonosis in the world. In Brazil, this disease passed for an urbanization process and currently pets (dogs and cats) animals have acquired a great importance on its epidemiology. Studies on dogs have been extensively performed throughout the country, but information about infection in cats has been concentrated in few areas. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of infection by Leishmania infantum in domestic cats living in endemic areas for Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis (CVL) in the state of Pernambuco, Northeastern Brazil. METHODS Domiciled cats (n = 128) were sampled for different biological samples (i.e., blood, conjunctival swab and fine needle aspiration of lymph nodes) that were microscopically and molecularly analyzed through PCR and sequencing. RESULTS Amastigote forms of Leishmania sp. were detected in a single animal (fine needle aspiration of lymph node). This same animal scored positive at molecular examination (blood and lymph node) and the sequence analysis revealed an identity higher than 99% with L. infantum sequences DNA available in Genbank database. CONCLUSION This is the first molecular characterization of L. infantum infecting domestic cats in Pernambuco. Therefore, veterinary practitioners should consider this putative infection in cats living in areas where canine and human Leishmaniasis has been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Leucio Câmara Alves
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, CEP: 52171-900, Brazil
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Ubirajara Filho CRC, Ramos CADN, Giannelli A, Alves LC, Carvalho GAD, Ramos RAN. Autochthonous case of Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis and presence of sand flies in a high altitude area. AVB 2021. [DOI: 10.21708/avb.2021.15.1.9337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a disease that affects dogs. The aim of this study was to describe an autochthonous case of VL and to report the presence of sand flies in a high-altitude area of Northeastern Brazil. In February 2019, a sampling was performed of a suspected animal (n=1), and the presence of sand flies was investigated using CDC light traps. The dog scored positive for Leishmania infantum, and four specimens of sand flies were captured and classified as Lutzomyia evandroi. This study detected the first autochthonous case of canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) in an area of high altitude were only L. evandroi has been collected.
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Lima VFS, Ramos RAN, Giannelli A, Andrade WWA, López IYT, Ramos ICDN, Rinaldi L, Cringoli G, Alves LC. Occurrence of zoonotic gastrointestinal parasites of rodents and the risk of human infection in different biomes of Brazil. Braz J Vet Med 2021; 43:e113820. [PMID: 35749095 PMCID: PMC9179205 DOI: 10.29374/2527-2179.bjvm113820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Rodents are synanthropic mammals adapted to several ecosystems, where they can contribute to the transmission of zoonotic pathogens, including gastrointestinal parasites. The aim of this study was to study the occurrence of gastrointestinal parasites from rodents and discuss the risk of transmission to humans. Fecal samples (n = 110) from different rodent species, namely, Cerradomys subflavus (n = 4), Mus musculus (n = 14), Rattus norvegicus (n = 80), Rattus rattus (n = 8) and Thrichomys apereoides (n = 4), were analyzed using the FLOTAC technique. Of the samples examined, 73.6% (81/110) tested positive for at least one gastrointestinal parasite. The most commonly identified parasites were Aspiculuris sp., Hymenolepis nana, Moniliformis sp., Syphacia sp., Strongyloides spp., Taenia spp., and Trichuris spp. eggs, Angiostrongylus cantonensis larvae and Entamoeba spp. cysts. The findings of this study demonstrate that rodents living in different Brazilian biomes are parasitized by a wide range of parasites, including some of public health concern. Therefore, the proximity of rodents to human settlements may represent a tangible risk of infection for people living in these areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Fernando Santana Lima
- Veterinarian, DSc., Unidade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS), Nossa Senhora da Glória, SE, Brazil
| | - Rafael Antonio Nascimento Ramos
- Veterinarian, DSc., Laboratório de Parasitologia, Universidade Federal do Agreste de Pernambuco (UFAPE), Garanhuns, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Wagner Wesley Araújo Andrade
- Veterinarian, MSc., Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | | | - Laura Rinaldi
- Veterinarian, DSc., University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Leucio Câmara Alves
- Veterinarian, DSc., Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, UFRPE, Recife, PE, Brazil
- Correspondence Leucio Câmara Alves Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco - UFRPE Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos CEP 52171-900 - Recife (PE), Brasil E-mail:
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Lima VFS, Ramos RAN, Giannelli A, Schettino SC, Galina AB, de Oliveira JCP, Meira-Santos PO, Alves LC. Zoonotic parasites in wild animals such as carnivores and primates that are traded illegally in Brazil. Braz J Vet Med 2021; 43:e113720. [PMID: 35749067 PMCID: PMC9179186 DOI: 10.29374/2527-2179.bjvm113720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Brazil accounts for around 20% of all animal species, but these are constantly threatened by illegal anthropic activities. Unfortunately, animal dealers are totally unaware of the sanitary risks among wild animals, or that occurrences of parasites in these animals are bioindicators for their current sanitary status within the ecosystem in which they live. This status is an important parameter with regard to assessing the spreading of pathogens. Therefore, the aim of this study was to perform a survey of zoonotic parasites in carnivores and non-human primates that are illegally traded in Brazil. Between June 2016 and July 2017, 43 wild animals (20 carnivores and 23 non-human primates) were presented at the Wild Animal Screening Center of Sergipe (CETAS/SE). Fecal and blood samples were obtained and analyzed to detect occurrences of pathogens of medical and veterinary importance, such as Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia spp., Dirofilaria immitis, Leishmania infantum, Leishmania braziliensis, Toxoplasma gondii, Trypanosoma cruzi and gastrointestinal helminths. Out of all the animals analyzed, 55.8% (24/43) were found to be positive for at least one parasite species, i.e. 41.7% and 58.3% of the carnivores and non-human primates, respectively. However, all the animals were negative for D. immitis, L. braziliensis and T. cruzi. These findings demonstrate that illegally traded wild animals may represent a risk to public health because of absence of sanitary control during their transportation. Therefore, preventive measures might be employed to avoid infection of these animals and people in close contact with them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Fernando Santana Lima
- Veterinarian, DSc., Unidade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS), Nossa Senhora da Glória, SE, Brazil
| | - Rafael Antonio Nascimento Ramos
- Veterinarian, DSc., Laboratório de Parasitologia, Universidade Federal do Agreste de Pernambuco (UFAPE), Garanhuns, PE, Brazil
| | | | | | - André Beal Galina
- Biologist, MSc, Instituto Brasileiro de Meio Ambiente, Aracaju, SE, Brazil
| | | | | | - Leucio Câmara Alves
- Veterinarian, DSc., Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Recife, PE, Brazil
- Correspondence Leucio Câmara Alves Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco - UFRPE Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros, s/n - Dois Irmãos CEP 52171-900 - Recife (PE), Brasil E-mail:
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Bezerra-Santos MA, Nogueira BÁCFÉ, Ramos RAN, Duszynski DW, AraÚjo JVDE, Campos AK. Eimeria spp. (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) in Didelphis aurita Wied-Neuwied, 1826 (Didelphimorphia: Didelphidae) and description of a new species infecting this opossum. Zootaxa 2020; 4878:zootaxa.4878.3.8. [PMID: 33311148 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4878.3.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Didelphis aurita Wied-Neuwied, 1826 is a marsupial well adapted to anthropogenic activity and commonly found in urban areas of Brazil. Among the gastrointestinal parasites found in this opossum, protozoa of the genus Eimeria are frequently detected. This study investigated the biodiversity of Eimeria species infecting D. aurita in Southeastern Brazil, and provides morphological data on a newly discovered species of Eimeria. From January to June 2019, 43 D. aurita were captured, and their fecal samples were collected and evaluated by salt flotation; positive samples were allowed to sporulate in 2.5% potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7), and detailed morphological measurements were performed to determine the species present. Thirty-two of forty-three (74.4%) opossums were infected with from one to five Eimeria spp. Four of the eimerians were described and named previously by others: Eimeria auritanensis, Eimeria caluromydis, Eimeria gambai, and Eimeria philanderi. Additionally, sporulated oocysts of a species new to science were detected. Oocysts of this new Eimeria species are spheroidal to subspheroidal, 21.7 × 20.7 (20-23 × 19-23), length/width (L/W) ratio 1.05, with a highly refractile polar granule, but lacking a micropyle and oocyst residuum. Sporocysts are ovoidal, 10.6 × 8.0 (9-12 × 7-9), L/W ratio 1.3, with a small, Stieda body and a sporocyst residuum of diffuse granules. Of the infected opossums, 5/32 (16%) were infected with only one Eimeria sp., 6/32 (19%) with two, 15/32 (47%) with three, 5/32 (16%) with four and 1/32 (3%) with five Eimerians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos AntÔnio Bezerra-Santos
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Italy Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
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Bader J, Ramos RAN, Otranto D, Dantas-Torres F. Vector-borne pathogens in dogs from Guatemala, Central America. Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports 2020; 22:100468. [PMID: 33308725 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2020.100468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Vector-borne pathogens (VBPs) of dogs have been extensively studied worldwide, though scientific information for some countries, as is the case for Guatemala, is almost nonexistent. From 2012 to 2015, 975 dogs residing in different departments of Guatemala were sampled and screened using a rapid ELISA for detecting antigen of Dirofilaria immitis and antibodies against Anaplasma spp., Ehrlichia spp. and Borrelia burgdorferi. Out of 975 samples analyzed, 46.4% (n = 452) scored positive for at least one pathogen, with D. immitis being the most prevalent (29.7%), followed by Ehrlichia spp. (11.5%) and Anaplasma spp. (5.1%). None of the dogs were positive to B. burgdorferi. Co-infections were observed in 18.1% (n = 176) of dogs, with the simultaneous detection of D. immitis and Ehrlichia spp. being most common. The frequency of VBPs was higher in the department of Santa Rosa (southeast coast of Guatemala), which has a tropical savanna climate. In this region, 59.7% of the dogs surveyed were infected with D. immitis. Our results suggest that the prevalence of VBPs in dogs in Guatemala may be affected by the climate, with dogs living in the southeast coast being at higher risk, as compared to other regions studied. Increased awareness regarding the risk of VBPs in dogs in Guatemala is advocated and the adoption of preventive strategies should be encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jim Bader
- Mapleview Animal Hospital, PC, Holland, MI, USA.
| | | | - Domenico Otranto
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Italy; Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Filipe Dantas-Torres
- Department of Immunology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Recife, Brazil.
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de Macedo LO, Bezerra-Santos MA, de Mendonça CL, Alves LC, Ramos RAN, de Carvalho GA. Prevalence and risk factors associated with infection by Eimeria spp. in goats and sheep in Northeastern Brazil. J Parasit Dis 2020; 44:607-612. [PMID: 32801513 PMCID: PMC7410878 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-020-01235-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Eimeria spp. infections lead to acute or chronic intestinal disorders in small ruminants, being responsible for important economic losses worldwide. The aim of this study was to assess the risk factors associated with Eimeria spp. infection in small ruminants of the microregion of Garanhuns, state of Pernambuco, Northeastern Brazil. Fecal samples (n = 822) were obtained from goats (n = 414) and sheep (n = 408) and evaluated by the modified Gordon and Whitlock technique. Risk factors were assessed through univariate analysis and logistical regression. Oocysts of Eimeria species were detected in 62.9% (517/822) of the animals, with 77.8% (322/414) in goats and 47.8% (195/408) in sheep. For goats, the herd size (OR = 5.52), rearing system (OR = 1.57), feeding place (OR = 2.60), absence of mineral salt in the diet (OR = 2.54), flooring type (OR = 2.83) and periodicity of cleaning (OR = 5.39) were considered risk factors. Conversely, for sheep only the herd size (OR = 3.16) and rearing system (OR = 2.45) were important factors associated with infection by Eimeria spp. Data herein obtained brings meaningful information on the epidemiology of coccidiosis in small ruminants in Northeastern Brazil. The knowledge of these risk factors is useful to contribute to the development of preventive measures, thereby, reducing the economic impact caused by these protozoa in small ruminant production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Oliveira de Macedo
- Academic Unit of Garanhuns, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Garanhuns, Pernambuco 55292-270 Brazil
| | | | - Carla Lopes de Mendonça
- Clinic of Bovines of Garanhuns, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Garanhuns, Pernambuco 55292-270 Brazil
| | - Leucio Câmara Alves
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco 52171-900 Brazil
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Bezerra-Santos MA, Fontes CS, Nogueira BCF, Yamatogi RS, Ramos RAN, Galhardo JA, Furtado LFV, Rabelo ÉML, de Araújo JV, Campos AK. Gastrointestinal parasites in the opossum Didelphis aurita: Are they a potential threat to human health? J Parasit Dis 2020; 44:355-363. [PMID: 32508410 PMCID: PMC7244705 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-020-01205-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, a great proportion of the emerging infectious human diseases are zoonotic, with most of the pathogens originated from wildlife. In this sense, synanthropic animals such as marsupials play important role in the dissemination of pathogens due to their proximity to human dwellings. These hosts are affected by many gastrointestinal parasites, including species with zoonotic potential. The aim of this study was to assess the diversity of gastrointestinal parasites infecting the black-eared opossum D. aurita captured in urban areas of Southeastern, Brazil. In addition, the potential risk for the human population based on the One Health perspective has been discussed. Forty-nine marsupial specimens were captured with Tomahawk live traps and fecal samples were collected. The samples were evaluated by parasitological procedures. Eggs and oocysts were analyzed at different magnifications (400 × and 1000 ×), and their identification, together with adult nematodes, was established on morphological and morphometric data. Forty-three hosts (87.76%) scored positive for at least one gastrointestinal parasite, being 83.67% (41/49) for helminths, and 65.30% (32/49) for protozoa. For Cryptosporidium sp., only 13 samples were evaluated due to insufficient amount of feces obtained of some animals. A prevalence of 23.08% (3/13) was reported for this parasite. PCR analysis revealed Ancylostomatidae eggs to belong to the genus Ancylostoma. Our results demonstrated that multiparasitism is frequently found in these animals and a high percentage of potentially zoonotic parasites are observed, implying that D. aurita may be involved in zoonotic cycles in urban environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Antônio Bezerra-Santos
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Viçosa, Av. PH Rolfs, s/n, University Campus, Viçosa, MG 36570-900 Brazil
| | - Carolina Silveira Fontes
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Viçosa, Av. PH Rolfs, s/n, University Campus, Viçosa, MG 36570-900 Brazil
| | - Bárbara Cristina Félix Nogueira
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Viçosa, Av. PH Rolfs, s/n, University Campus, Viçosa, MG 36570-900 Brazil
| | - Ricardo Seiti Yamatogi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Viçosa, Av. PH Rolfs, s/n, University Campus, Viçosa, MG 36570-900 Brazil
| | - Rafael Antonio Nascimento Ramos
- Academic Unit of Garanhuns, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Av. Bom Pastor, s/n, Boa Vista, Garanhuns, PE 55292-270 Brazil
| | - Juliana Arena Galhardo
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Av. Senador Filinto Müller, 2443, Jd. Ipiranga, Campo Grande, MS 79074-460 Brazil
| | - Luis Fernando Viana Furtado
- Department of Parasitology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG CEP 31270-901 Brazil
| | - Élida Mara Leite Rabelo
- Department of Parasitology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG CEP 31270-901 Brazil
| | - Jackson Victor de Araújo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Viçosa, Av. PH Rolfs, s/n, University Campus, Viçosa, MG 36570-900 Brazil
| | - Artur Kanadani Campos
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Viçosa, Av. PH Rolfs, s/n, University Campus, Viçosa, MG 36570-900 Brazil
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de Oliveira JCP, Reckziegel GH, Ramos CADN, Giannelli A, Alves LC, de Carvalho GA, Ramos RAN. Detection of Rickettsia felis in ectoparasites collected from domestic animals. Exp Appl Acarol 2020; 81:255-264. [PMID: 32472468 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-020-00505-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ticks and fleas are arthropods widely distributed around the world involved in the transmission of various vector-borne diseases (VBDs), including Brazilian Spotted Fever (BSF), Baggio-Yoshinari Syndrome and the plague, with outstanding consequences for the public health. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of Rickettsia spp., Borrelia spp. and Yersinia pestis in arthropods collected from dogs, cats and horses living in the state of Pernambuco, Northeastern Brazil. From January 2017 to April 2019, ectoparasites were collected, morphologically identified and molecularly analysed through PCR and sequencing. In total 401 specimens were collected from 86 animals, being 68% (n = 273) and 32% (n = 128) from rural and urban areas, respectively. The most commonly detected species were the ticks Dermacentor nitens, Amblyomma sculptum, Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (s.l.), Rhipicephalus microplus, and Amblyomma ovale, and the fleas Ctenocephalides felis and Ctenocephalides canis. DNA of Rickettsia felis was detected in D. nitens collected from horses, and C. felis, and R. sanguineus s.l. collected from dogs. All samples scored negative for Borrelia spp. and Y. pestis DNA. This study provides valuable data on ectoparasite fauna from domestic animals and identifies the circulation of a zoonotic pathogen (i.e., R. felis) in the population of the arthropods assessed. Therefore, preventive measures should be adopted in order to reduce the risk of occurrence of neglected VBD caused by this pathogen in animal and human hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Cardoso Pessoa de Oliveira
- Unidade Acadêmica de Garanhuns, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Av. Bom Pastor, S/N, Boa Vista, Garanhuns, CEP 55292-270, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Leucio Câmara Alves
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Gílcia Aparecida de Carvalho
- Unidade Acadêmica de Garanhuns, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Av. Bom Pastor, S/N, Boa Vista, Garanhuns, CEP 55292-270, Brazil
| | - Rafael Antonio Nascimento Ramos
- Unidade Acadêmica de Garanhuns, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Av. Bom Pastor, S/N, Boa Vista, Garanhuns, CEP 55292-270, Brazil.
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Andre Santos de Andrade T, Maria de Santana I, Chaves Jimenez G, Tereza Nery Farias E, Oliveira de Macedo L, Camara Alves L, Antonio Nascimento Ramos R, Aparecida da Gloria Faustino M, Aparecida de Carvalho G. LARVICIDAL ACTIVITY OF Caesalpinia ferrea MART. AND Lippia origanoides CHAM. AGAINST Aedes aegypti (LINNAEUS, 1762) (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE). Rev Patol Trop 2020. [DOI: 10.5216/rpt.v49i1.61826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The control of Aedes aegypti has been considered one of the most important public health challenges worldwide. Chemical compounds have long been used for this purpose, but resistance to these molecules has also increased. Therefore, over the last few years several studies have focused on the development of alternative tools, particularly those based on plant metabolites. The purpose of this study was to assess the larvicidal activity of Caesalpinia ferrea and Lippia origanoides against Ae. aegypti. Larvae (L3) of Ae. aegypti Liverpool and Rockefeller strains, as well as of the Recife population were exposed to different concentrations of C. ferrea (ranging from 13.1 to 105 mg/mL) and L. origanoides (ranging from 16.3 to 130 mg/mL), and the mortality rate was evaluated up to 48 hours after the beginning of the experiment. All tested groups and ontrol group were quadruplicated. For C. ferrea, mortality ranged from 42.5% to 100% for Ae. aegypti Liverpool strain,from 67% to 100% for Ae. aegypti Rockfeller strain, and 57% to 100% for Ae. aegypti Recife population after 48 hours of larval exposure. For L. origanoides, the larvicidal activity ranged from 75% to 100% for Ae. aegypti Liverpool strain, from 61.5% to 100% for Ae. aegypti Rockfeller strain, and from 60.5% to 100% for Ae.aegypti Recife population. The hydro ethanol extract of C. ferrea and L. origanoides presented larvicidal activity against Ae. aegypti.KEY WORDS: Aedes aegypti; hydro ethanol extracts; Caesalpinia ferrea; Lippia sidoides; botanical insecticide; mosquitoes.
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Bezerra-Santos MA, Nogueira BCF, Yamatogi RS, Ramos RAN, Galhardo JA, Campos AK. Ticks, fleas and endosymbionts in the ectoparasite fauna of the black-eared opossum Dipelphis aurita in Brazil. Exp Appl Acarol 2020; 80:329-338. [PMID: 31927646 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-020-00468-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ticks and fleas are essential vectors of pathogens that affect humans and animals, and among their hosts, synanthropic animals such as the black-eared opossum, Didelphis aurita, play a role in public health due to their ability to move between urban centers and forested areas in Brazil. This study aimed to assess the ectoparasite fauna of D. aurita, as well as the presence of pathogens and endosymbionts in ticks and fleas. Opossums (n = 58) captured in Tomahawk livetraps were examined for ectoparasites, and their blood sampled for further analysis. Additionally, spleen samples were collected in individuals found dead. Samples were PCR screened for Rickettsia spp., Borrelia spp., Anaplasmataceae, and Babesia spp. Two tick species were morphologically identified as Ixodes loricatus 24/58 (41.4%) and Amblyomma sculptum 1/58 (1.7%). For fleas, Ctenocephalides felis was detected in 60.3% (35/58) of the animals, and Xenopsylla cheopis in 5.2% (3/58). PCR analysis detected Anaplasmataceae DNA in 34% (16/47) of pooled samples of C. felis, and in 66.7% (2/3) pooled samples of X. cheopis. Sequence analysis revealed Wolbachia pipientis symbiont in all positive samples. Tick, blood and spleen samples were all negative for the microorganisms assessed. These findings suggest that these arthropods circulate among wildlife and urban environments, which may implicate in their participation in the cycle of zoonotic pathogens among opossums, humans and companion animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Antônio Bezerra-Santos
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Viçosa, Av. PH Rolfs, s/n, University Campus, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil.
| | - Bárbara Cristina Félix Nogueira
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Viçosa, Av. PH Rolfs, s/n, University Campus, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Seiti Yamatogi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Viçosa, Av. PH Rolfs, s/n, University Campus, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Rafael Antonio Nascimento Ramos
- Academic Unit of Garanhuns, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Av. Bom Pastor, s/n, Boa Vista, Garanhuns, PE, 55292-270, Brazil
| | - Juliana Arena Galhardo
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso Do Sul, Av. Senador Filinto Müller, 2443, Jd. Ipiranga, Campo Grande, MS, 79074-460, Brazil
| | - Artur Kanadani Campos
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Viçosa, Av. PH Rolfs, s/n, University Campus, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
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Soares RL, Silva AOD, Coelho ML, Echeverria JT, Souza MLD, Babo-Terra VJ, Pasquatti TN, Ramos RAN, Ramos CADN. Molecular detection of Cercopithifilaria bainae and other tick-borne pathogens in Rhipicephalus sanguineus s.l. isolated from dogs in Midwest Brazil. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 29:e018019. [PMID: 32049147 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612019109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to detect Cercopithifilaria bainae and other tick-borne pathogens and to perform molecular characterization of the tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus s.l. collected from dogs. Ticks (n = 432, including 8 larvae, 59 nymphs, and 365 adults) were sampled from domiciled dogs (n = 73) living in Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul (Midwest Brazil). All ticks were morphologically identified as R. sanguineus. Genomic DNA was extracted in pools (three to five ticks per animal) and was used for definition of R. sanguineus haplotypes (based on 16S rRNA analysis) and pathogen identification (Cercopithifilaria sp., Ehrlichia canis, Anaplasma platys, Hepatozoon canis, Babesia vogeli and Rickettsia spp.). Rhipicephal us sanguineus specimens were identified as haplotypes A and B. DNA of Cercopithifilaria bainae (43.83%; 32/73), Ehrlichia canis (24.65%; 18/73), Anaplasma platys (19.17%; 14/73), and Hepatozoon canis (5.47%; 4/73) was detected. The identity of pathogens was confirmed by DNA sequence analysis. The present study confirms the presence of haplotypes A and B of R. sanguineus in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul and its importance as a vector of several pathogens of veterinary concern. Finally, this is the first report to identify C. bainae in ticks in the Midwestern region of Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Leite Soares
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FAMEZ), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, MS, Brasil
| | - Angélica Oliveira da Silva
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FAMEZ), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, MS, Brasil
| | - Mateus Lotério Coelho
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FAMEZ), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, MS, Brasil
| | - Jessica Teles Echeverria
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FAMEZ), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, MS, Brasil
| | - Michelli Lopes de Souza
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FAMEZ), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, MS, Brasil
| | - Veronica Jorge Babo-Terra
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FAMEZ), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, MS, Brasil
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Silva JAO, Silva FJD, Macedo LOD, Santos CVBD, Alves LC, Ramos RAN, Faustino MADG, Carvalho GAD. Sandflies in an endemic area for Visceral Leishmaniasis in Northeastern Brazil. Rev Bras Parasitol Vet 2019; 28:569-573. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612019073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Phlebotomines of the genus Lutzomyia are important vector for species of Leishmania, the etiological agent of leishmaniasis. The aim of this study was to assess the diversity of sandflies in an endemic area for Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL). Sampling was performed in four localities on the coast of the municipality of Goiana, state of Pernambuco, Northeastern Brazil. Specimens were collected monthly on three consecutive nights, from November 2017 to October 2018. CDC light traps were installed at a height of 1.5 m above the ground, in two ecotypes (i.e. tree and animal facility), both in peridomestic areas. A total of 5,205 sandflies were collected, among which the species Lutzomyia longipalpis (99.85%; 5,197/5,205) was the most common, followed by Lutzomyia evandroi (0.13%; 07/5,205) and Lutzomyia whitmani (0.02%; 01/5,205). Specimens of L. longipalpis were collected throughout the study period and most of them were found near to the animal facilities. The findings from this research indicate that vectors for Leishmania infantum are present in the study area throughout the year, along with occurrences of vectors relating to Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL). Preventive vector control measures need to be implemented in Goiana to reduce the risk of infection for the human and animal populations.
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Silva TRM, Barros GMMDR, Lima TARF, Giannelli A, Silva GMD, Alves KMDL, Carvalho GAD, Ramos RAN. Spatial distribution of triatomine bugs in a Chagas disease endemic region in Brazil. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2019; 52:e20190278. [PMID: 31778421 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0278-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Trypanosoma cruzi is the etiological agent of Chagas disease (CD), a zoonotic infection transmitted by triatomine bug vectors to human beings. Although the story of this parasitic infection was born in Brazil and here this has made major step forward information, the same cannot be said about the actual distribution of the triatomine vector in several areas of this country. The aim of this study was to assess the occurrence of triatomine species in an endemic region for CD in Northeastern Brazil. METHODS A retrospective study was performed using data obtained from 2008 to 2017. All information was provided by the V Gerência Regional de Saúde of the state of Pernambuco. The spatial distribution of triatomine species was analyzed by drawing a map using the Quantum geographic information system. RESULTS A total of 4,694 triatomine specimens (469.4 ± 221.2 per year) were collected during the period 2008-2017, with 94.5% (4,434/4,694) at the intradomicile and 5.5% (260/4,694) at peridomicile environment. Of all arthropods collected, 92.5% (4,340/4,694) and 7.5% (354/4,694) were adults and nymphs, respectively. The species most frequently detected were Panstrongylus lutzi (30.36%), Triatoma brasiliensis (26.12%), Triatoma pseudomaculata (22.43%), and Panstrongylus megistus (20.54%). CONCLUSIONS These data contribute to a better understanding of the distribution of T. cruzi infection in the Northeastern region of Brazil. Preventive measures based on vector control should be implemented in the study area in order to reduce the burden this neglected tropical disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiene Rossana Móta Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu em Ciência Animal Tropical, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brasil
| | | | | | | | - Gesika Maria da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu em Ciência Animal Tropical, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brasil.,V Gerência Regional de Saúde, Secretaria Estadual de Saúde, Garanhuns, PE, Brasil
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Soares ENL, Santos MAB, Macedo LOD, Santos CVB, Agra MCR, Alves LC, Ramos RAN, Carvalho GAD. Spatial distribution of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) in vulnerable areas for the transmission of arboviruses. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2019; 52:e20180341. [PMID: 31271613 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0341-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Areas at risk of transmission of arboviruses have been monitored using ovitraps. This study aimed to evaluate the spatial distribution of Aedes aegypti in vulnerable areas for the transmission of arboviruses and assess the influence of climatic conditions on the infestation of these culicids. METHODS Ovitraps were installed in Agrestina, Pernambuco, Northeastern Brazil. RESULTS Overall, 44,936 eggs were collected, and the indexes of infestation varied. Relative humidity was significantly associated with the infestations. CONCLUSIONS Using ovitraps, entomologic indexes and analysis of climatic factors might be good strategies for monitoring vulnerable areas for the transmission of arboviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efraim Naftali Lopes Soares
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu em Ciência Animal Tropical, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brasil.,IV Gerência Regional de Saúde, Secretaria Estadual de Saúde, Recife, PE, Brasil
| | | | | | | | | | - Leucio Câmara Alves
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brasil
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do Nascimento Ramos IC, Ramos RAN, Giannelli A, Lima VFS, Cringoli G, Rinaldi L, de Carvalho GA, Alves LC. An Additional Asset for the FLOTAC Technique: Detection of Gastrointestinal Parasites in Vegetables. Acta Parasitol 2019; 64:423-425. [PMID: 31069644 DOI: 10.2478/s11686-019-00059-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gastrointestinal parasites are considered amongst the most important threats to veterinary and human health worldwide. The transmission of these parasitic diseases usually involves the accidental ingestion of oocysts, cysts, eggs, and larvae, whose detection is generally achieved by classical coproparasitological methods, based on sedimentation and/or flotation techniques. These procedures might be inefficient or display a low sensitivity when performed on food matrices. This study aimed to assess the value of the FLOTAC technique for the detection of different parasitic stages of gastrointestinal parasites of domestic animals in fresh lettuce. MATERIAL AND METHODS Samples (n = 100) were purchased from public markets located in the metropolitan region of Recife (Brazil). RESULTS A total of 79% scored positive for eggs and/or cysts of gastrointestinal parasites. Protozoa and nematodes were detected in 32% (32/100) and 64% (64/100) of samples, respectively, with cysts of the genus Entamoeba (32%) and eggs of nematodes of the order Strongylida (30%) being the most frequently diagnosed. CONCLUSIONS The findings herein reported demonstrate that the FLOTAC technique can be successfully applied for recovering food-borne parasites of medical and veterinary concern in food matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rafael Antonio Nascimento Ramos
- Academic Unit of Garanhuns, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Av. Bom Pastor, s/n, Boa Vista, Garanhuns, Pernambuco, CEP 55292-270, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Giuseppe Cringoli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Laura Rinaldi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Gílcia Aparecida de Carvalho
- Academic Unit of Garanhuns, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Av. Bom Pastor, s/n, Boa Vista, Garanhuns, Pernambuco, CEP 55292-270, Brazil
| | - Leucio Câmara Alves
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
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Souza IBD, Fernandes PR, Silva TRM, Santos CVB, Silva NMMD, Ubirajara Filho CRC, Carvalho GAD, Alves LC, Mota RA, Ramos RAN. Seroprevalence of Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii in dogs from an urban area of North-eastern Brazil: a spatial approach. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2019; 52:e20180440. [PMID: 30994810 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0440-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The present study aimed to assess the seroprevalence and spatial distribution of Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii in dogs. METHODS Blood samples (n = 241) were collected and analyzed for the presence of anti-N. caninum and anti-T. gondii antibodies. The spatial distribution was evaluated using kernel density estimation (KDE). RESULTS Anti-N. caninum and anti-T. gondii antibodies were detected in 24.06% (58/241) and 9.54% (23/241) of samples, respectively. A heterogeneous spatial distribution of positive dogs was observed across the city. CONCLUSIONS These data are pivotal for better understanding the dynamics of infection caused by these protozoa in the canine population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Cleber Vinicius Brito Santos
- Departamento de Epidemiologia, Instituto de Medicina Social, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | | | | | | | - Leucio Câmara Alves
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brasil
| | - Rinaldo Aparecido Mota
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brasil
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Macedo LOD, Santos MAB, Silva NMMD, Barros GMMDR, Alves LC, Giannelli A, Ramos RAN, Carvalho GAD. Morphological and epidemiological data on Eimeria species infecting small ruminants in Brazil. Small Rumin Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Lins TNB, Souza IBD, Barros GMMDR, Santos CVBD, Silva RPE, Alves LC, Carvalho GAD, Ramos RAN. Seroprevalence and spatial distribution of canine leishmaniasis in an endemic region in Brazil: how has the situation changed after 10 years? Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2018; 51:680-682. [DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0087-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Santos MAB, Macedo LOD, Otranto D, Ramos CADN, Rêgo AGDOD, Giannelli A, Alves LC, Carvalho GAD, Ramos RAN. Screening of Cercopithifilaria bainae and Hepatozoon canis in ticks collected from dogs of Northeastern Brazil. Acta Parasitol 2018; 63:605-608. [PMID: 29975651 DOI: 10.1515/ap-2018-0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (s.l.) is one of the most widespread ixodid ticks and is a competent vector of several vector-borne pathogens of veterinary and medical concern. For instance, this tick species transmits nematodes of the genus Cercopithifilaria and protozoa of the genus Hepatozoon to carnivores, including dogs. Here we investigated the occurrence of Cercopithifilaria spp. and Hepatozoon spp. in a population of ticks collected from naturally infested dogs living in rural areas of Northeastern Brazil. From August 2016 to June 2017, 758 tick specimens (mean ticks per month = 68.9 ± 71.4) were sampled from 75 dogs (mean ticks per dog = 10.11 ± 5.2) and dissected under a stereomicroscope in order to visualize Cercopithifilaria spp. larvae and Hepatozoon spp. oocysts and sporocysts. R. sanguineus s.l. was the only species collected, peaking in September (n = 273) and decreasing in February 2017 (n = 39). Different larval stages of Cercopithifilaria bainae were identified in 7 out of 758 (0.93%) ticks. In addition, 4 specimens (0.53%) were positive for oocysts and free sporocysts of Hepatozoon canis. The identity of both species of parasites was molecularly confirmed. These results account for the predominance of R. sanguineus (s.l.) in domestic dogs from rural locations of the study area, as well as for the presence C. bainae and H. canis in these tick populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Domenico Otranto
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Bari, Valenzano, Italy
| | | | | | - Alessio Giannelli
- Ridgeway Research Ltd, Park Farm Buildings, Park Lane, St. Briavels, United Kingdom
| | - Leucio Câmara Alves
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
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Santana Lima VF, Rocha PA, Dias Silva MA, Beltrão-Mendes R, Ramos RAN, Giannelli A, Rinaldi L, Cringoli G, Estrela PC, Alves LC. Survey on helminths and protozoa of free-living Neotropical bats from Northeastern Brazil. Acta Trop 2018; 185:267-272. [PMID: 29883575 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Bats are considered important reservoirs of pathogens of veterinary and medical relevance worldwide. However, despite the increasing attention paid towards the central role of bats in the spreading of some zoonotic infections, studies on their own parasites remain patchy especially in Neotropical regions. Understanding the relationships occurring between bats and their pathogens is a crucial step to determine the implications undermining the ecology and biology of these animals. The present study aims to assess the endoparasitic fauna of Neotropical bats from Northeastern Brazil, with a particular focus on helminths and protozoa. From October 2016 to March 2017, 54 fresh faecal samples were collected in stable shelters inhabited by three different bat species (i.e., Molossus molossus, Myotis lavali and Noctilio albiventris). Samples were analysed using four different techniques (i.e., Centrifugal Sedimentation, Flotation Technique, Spontaneous Sedimentation Technique and FLOTAC®). A total of 96.29% (52/54) samples were positive for at least one gastrointestinal parasite and 11 different families were identified. In particular, 63.6% (7/11) of the families were of helminths and 36.4% (4/11) of protozoa. Helminths were classified into two different classes (Nematoda and Cestoda) and seven families, whereas the four protozoa classes detected (i.e., Coccidia, Gregarinomorphe, Lobosea and Zoomastigophora) into four families. Eggs of Ancylostomatidae and Hymenolepididae were the most abundan. The findings of this present study demonstrate that Neotropical bats from Northeastern Brazil are parasitized by a wide number of parasites, and some of them may have important implications for Public Health.
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de Carvalho GA, Ramos RAN, TrindadeMaia R, de Andrade CFS, Alves CL. Melanization of Dirofilaria immitis Larvae in Different Culicid Species. J Arthropod Borne Dis 2018; 12:94-99. [PMID: 30018997 PMCID: PMC6046106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dirofilaria immitis is an important filarioid transmitted by culicids. The vector role of these arthropods may be influenced by biological events as melanization against D. immitis larvae. This study aimed to detect the occurrence of melanization in Culex quinquefasciatus, Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti and Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus experimentally infected with D. immitis. METHODS Five populations (Cx. quinquefasciatus RECIFE (P1), Ae. albopictus RECIFE (P2), Ae. aegypti RECIFE (P3), Ae. aegypti CAMPINAS (P4) and Ae. aegypti ROCKEFELLER (P5)) were artificially fed with infected blood containing D. immitis microfilariae. Ten mosquitoes per day from each population were dissected for 14 days. RESULTS Melanized larvae of D. immitis were observed in all population except in P3. The period in which melanized larvae were found varied from the third to the 14th day post-infection. Difference in the number of these larvae was observed between P5 and P2-P3 (P< 0.01), and between P5 and P4 (P< 0.05). Third-stage larvae of D. immitis were detected in all population 14 d post-infection, except in P3, which presented high mortality 24 h post-infection. The melanization observed in the populations herein studied did not indicate refractory since third-stage larvae were observed at the end of the experiment. Most likely, this immune response aimed to control the number of larvae, in order to maintain the equilibrium between vector-parasite. CONCLUSION The melanization did not seem to be a limiting factor to the development of this filarioid in these local Brazilian Culicidae populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gandílcia Aparecida de Carvalho
- Academic Unit of Garanhuns, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Garanhuns, Brazil,Corresponding author: Prof Gílcia A. Carvalho, E-mail:
| | | | - Rafael TrindadeMaia
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Campina Grande, Sumé, Brazil
| | | | - Candâmara Leucio Alves
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
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Oliveira de Macedo L, Antônio Bezerra Santos M, Câmara Alves L, Antonio Nascimento Ramos R, Aparecida de Carvalho G. RELIABILITY OF DIFFERENT METHODS OF DIAGNOSING INTESTINAL PARASITES IN HORSES. Rev Patol Trop 2018. [DOI: 10.5216/rpt.v46i4.51012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Lima VFS, Ramos RAN, Lepold R, Borges JCG, Ferreira CD, Rinaldi L, Cringoli G, Alves LC. Gastrointestinal parasites in feral cats and rodents from the Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, Brazil. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 26:521-524. [PMID: 29160359 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612017066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal parasites are important pathogens affecting animals, some of them are of medical and veterinary concern. Although the dynamic of parasitic infections is a complex phenomenon that has been studied under experimental conditions, it shows several gaps in knowledge, especially in insular regions where a confined population of animals and parasites co-exists. In this study was assessed the parasitism by endoparasite gastrointestinal in feral cats (n = 37) and rodents (n = 30) from the Fernando de Noronha Archipelago; in addition, the risk of human infection and ecological implications of these findings were discussed. Out of all samples analysed, 100% scored positive for the presence of gastrointestinal parasites in both feral cats and rodents. A total 17 genera and/or species of endoparasite gastrointestinal were identified, Ancylostoma sp., Strongyloides sp., Trichuris campanula and Toxocara cati were the parasites more frequently in feral cats. In rodents Eimeria sp., Strongyloides sp. and Trichuris muris were parasites more frequently herein detected. Human population living in this area are at risk of parasite infections due to the population of rodents and feral cats in the archipelago.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Raphael Lepold
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco - UFRPE, Recife, PE, Brasil
| | | | | | - Laura Rinaldi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Produzioni Animali, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italia
| | - Giuseppe Cringoli
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Produzioni Animali, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italia
| | - Leucio Câmara Alves
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco - UFRPE, Recife, PE, Brasil
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Vieira OLE, Macedo LOD, Santos MAB, Silva JABA, Mendonça CLD, Faustino MADG, Ramos CADN, Alves LC, Ramos RAN, Carvalho GAD. Detection and molecular characterization of Trypanosoma (Duttonella) vivax in dairy cattle in the state of Sergipe, northeastern Brazil. Rev Bras Parasitol Vet 2017; 26:516-520. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612017048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Trypanosoma (Duttonella) vivax is an important cause of economic losses among feedlot cattle. These losses are related to the morbidity, mortality, reproductive issues and decreased production. It is known that the clinical signs observed in infections by this protozoon are similar to other hemoparasitosis, which difficult the diagnosis. Therefore, the aim of this study was to detect and molecularly characterize an outbreak of trypanosomiasis caused by T. (D.) vivax in dairy cattle in the municipality of São Miguel Aleixo, state of Sergipe, Brazil. Blood samples from cattle (n = 15) presenting clinical signs compatible with trypanosomiasis were collected and parasitological and molecular evaluated. Among the samples analyzed, 34% (5/15) were positive from blood smears, 60% (9/15) from the buffy coat method and 80% (12/15) from the molecular method. The DNA sequence obtained (659 bp) showed 99% similarity to T. (D.) vivax sequences that are available in the GenBank database. The presence of this protozoon in cattle herds is a problem for producers. Diagnosing trypanosomiasis is problematic because its evolution is similar to that of other parasitic blood diseases. In addition, this is the first report of infection by T. (D.) vivax in cattle in the state of Sergipe, northeastern Brazil.
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Silva APOD, Miranda DEDO, Santos MAB, Guerra NR, Marques SR, Alves LC, Ramos RAN, Carvalho GAD. Phlebotomines in an area endemic for American cutaneous leishmaniasis in northeastern coast of Brazil. Rev Bras Parasitol Vet 2017; 26:280-284. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612017038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Phlebotomines have worldwide distribution with many species present in Brazil, including the northeastern region, where the fauna is very diverse. The aim of this study was to identify the sandfly fauna in an area endemic for American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) in the state of Pernambuco. Sandflies were caught on three consecutive nights every month from October 2015 to September 2016, from 5 pm to 5 am, using seven light traps of Centers for Disease Control (CDC) type. Females were identified and used for molecular Leishmania detection. A total of 2,174 specimens belonging to ten species were collected: Lutzomyia choti (88.2%; 1,917/2,174) was the most abundant species, followed by Lutzomyia whitmani (8.1%; 176/2,174) and Lutzomyia sordellii (1.5%; 33/2,174). The majority of the specimens were collected in peridomestic areas (64.1%; 1,394/2,174) and during the rainy period. All the samples examined were negative for Leishmania spp. The presence of Lutzomyia whitmani indoors and in peridomestic areas indicates that the inhabitants of this area are exposed to the risk of infection by the parasites responsible for ACL.
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Santos MAB, de Souza IB, de Macedo LO, do Nascimento Ramos CA, de Oliveira Rego AG, Alves LC, Ramos RAN, de Carvalho GA. Cercopithifilaria bainae in Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato ticks from dogs in Brazil. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2017; 8:623-625. [PMID: 28442240 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2017.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (s.l.) ticks act as intermediate host for a range of canine vector-borne pathogens, including nematodes ranked in the genus Cercopithifilaria. Though being the object of several studies in the last years, information on the distribution of these parasites is still lacking. In this study, the occurrence of Cercopithifilaria spp. was investigated in on-host population of R. sanguineus s.l. collected from naturally infested dogs. Ticks (n=1906, including one larva, 294 nymphs and 1611 adults) were sampled on domestic dogs (n=155) living in the municipality of Garanhuns (northeastern Brazil). Tick collections (n=36) were performed every 8 days, from October 2015 to June 2016. Filarioid larvae detected at tick dissection were morphologically and morphometrically identified at species level. At the end of the study, only R. sanguineus s.l. ticks were collected, with the highest number in January 2016 (n=254) and the lowest in June 2016 (n=26). Out of 1906 dissected ticks, 2.68% (51/1906) harboured Cercopithifilaria bainae larvae, whose identification was molecularly confirmed, with a nucleotide identity of 99% with C. bainae. Data here reported indicate that, in the study area, R. sanguineus s.l. is the predominant tick infesting domestic dogs. Accordingly, these animals are at a high risk of C. bainae infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Leucio Câmara Alves
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
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Bezerra Santos MA, de Macedo LO, de Souza IB, do Nascimento Ramos CA, Alves LC, Ramos RAN, de Carvalho GA. Larvae of Ixodiphagus wasps (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) in Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) from Brazil. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2017; 8:564-566. [PMID: 28344035 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The biological control of ticks represents an alternative method to the chemical control, given its ecological-friendly approach. Amongst the alternatives, the use of parasitoids of the genus Ixodiphagus (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) has been largely investigated. The aim of this study was to document and molecularly characterize Ixodiphagus wasps in ticks from a tropical region of Brazil. From October 2015 to March 2016, Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato ticks (n=1814) were collected from naturally infested dogs and Ixodiphagus larvae were detected by microscopic examination. In addition, adult wasps were obtained in the laboratory. Larvae and adults were molecularly identified as Ixodiphagus hookeri. These findings suggest that this type of parasitism deserves to be studied in local tick populations, in order to elucidate the role of these wasps as a potential alternative to chemical tick control.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Leucio Câmara Alves
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
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Lima VFS, Bezerra TL, Andrade AFD, Ramos RAN, Faustino MADG, Alves LC, Meira-Santos PO. Gastrointestinal parasites of exotic birds living in captivity in the state of Sergipe, Northeastern Brazil. Rev Bras Parasitol Vet 2016; 26:96-99. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612016080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Brazil has a wide diversity of exotic birds that were brought to this country during the European colonization. These animals are kept in captivity and, in some cases, in inadequate facilities, which may facilitate the introduction of pathogens, including gastrointestinal parasites. The purpose of this study was to identify the main gastrointestinal parasites that affect exotic birds living in captivity in the state of Sergipe, Northeastern Brazil. Fecal samples (n = 362) from exotic birds were analyzed by direct examination and by the Willis-Mollay technique. Eggs of Amidostomum sp., Ascaridia sp., Capillarinae, Heterakis sp., Trichostrongylidae, and oocysts of coccidians were identified in nine different bird species. This is the first report in Brazil of infection by Ascaridia sp. and Heterakis sp. in Nymphicus hollandicus; by Trichostrongylidae in Serinus canaria and Streptopelia risoria.
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Agra MCR, Costa PL, Duque AES, Soares ENL, Alves LC, Ramos RAN, Carvalho GAD. Sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in an urban area of Northeastern Brazil. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2016; 49:698-702. [DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0147-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Ramos RAN, de Oliveira do Rêgo AG, de Farias Firmino ED, do Nascimento Ramos CA, de Carvalho GA, Dantas-Torres F, Otranto D, Alves LC. Filarioids infecting dogs in northeastern Brazil. Vet Parasitol 2016; 226:26-9. [PMID: 27514878 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2016.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Species of filarial nematodes belonging to the genera Dirofilaria and Acanthocheilonema are recognised as common parasites of dogs throughout the world. Recently, other filarioids featured by the presence of dermal microfilariae (e.g., Onchocerca lupi and Cercopithifilaria spp.) have been recognised in Europe. In Brazil, reports of filarioids in dogs are limited to Dirofilaria immitis, Acanthocheilonema reconditum and Cercopithifilaria bainae. To investigate the distribution of filarial infections in dogs living in an endemic region from northeastern Brazil, blood and skin samples (n=104) were microscopically (modified Knott's test and skin snip sediment examination) and molecularly evaluated. Twenty-two dogs (21.15%) were positive at microscopic and/or molecular examination for at least one filarioid species, with 21 (20.19%) animals positive for blood microfilariae at molecular and/or at microscopic examination. Microfilariae of D. immitis were detected in 12 (11.54%) animals, with co-infection of D. immitis and A. reconditum observed in four (3.85%) individuals. One animal was positive for C. bainae at both microscopic and molecular examination. Analysis of sequence obtained in the present study showed significant alignment identity with that of C. bainae from Europe. Considering that in the area of study arthropod vectors (mosquitoes, fleas and ticks) are prevalent throughout the year, preventive measures should be disposed in order to avoid the animal infestation and pathogen infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Antonio Nascimento Ramos
- Academic Unit of Garanhuns, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Garanhuns, Brazil; Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | - Filipe Dantas-Torres
- Department of Immunology, Aggeu Magalhães Research Centre, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Recife, Brazil; Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Bari, Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - Domenico Otranto
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Bari, Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - Leucio Câmara Alves
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
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