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Zhang Y, Fu X, Wang L, Guo X, Dong B. Sorption of phenols and flavonoids on activated charcoal improves protein metabolism, antioxidant status, immunity, and intestinal morphology in broilers. Front Vet Sci 2024; 10:1327455. [PMID: 38274659 PMCID: PMC10808307 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1327455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have revealed that activated charcoal sorption of Chinese herbal extracts is more effective than activated charcoal. The present study was designed to investigate whether phenols and flavonoids have an effect on nutrient metabolism, antioxidant activity, immunity, and intestinal morphology in broilers. Seven diets [basal diet (CON); CON supplemented with 450 mg/kg of activated charcoal (AC); CON supplemented with 250, 500, 750, 1,000, or 7,500 mg/kg of phenolic acids and flavonoids (PF) to AC (PFAC)]. PFAC was the complex of AC sorption of PF in the ratio of 9:1. These dietary treatments for broilers lasted for 42 days. Results showed that at d 21, all doses of PFAC altered serum levels of total protein, albumin, and creatinine compared to AC (p < 0.05). Both PFAC and AC altered HDL-, LDL-, and VLDL-cholesterol levels compared to CON (p < 0.05). PFAC at 500 mg/kg (450 mg/kg AC+ 50 mg/kg phenolic acids and flavonoids) increased serum IgA and IgM (p < 0.05), but AC at 450 mg/kg did not, compared to CON. At d 42, breast and thigh muscles of PFAC-treated broilers had higher free radical scavenging activities compared to CON (p < 0.05), but AC had no such effect. PFAC at 500 mg/kg increased villus height in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum compared to CON (p < 0.05), but AC had no such response. PFAC at 500 mg/kg effectively improved protein and lipid metabolism, antioxidant status, and intestinal morphology, but AC had no such effect at a similar dose. Excessive PFAC (7,500 mg/kg) showed no significant side effects on broiler growth, liver damage, or hematology. These results suggest that phenols and flavonoids, in cooperation with activated charcoal, provide the majority of the functions of the herbal extract from multiple Chinese medicinal herbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Institute for Hepatology National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaoqi Fu
- Institute for Hepatology National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Plateau Animal Nutrition and Feed Laboratory, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi, China
| | - Lixue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangyue Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Fernandes JCR, Gonçalves ANA, Floeter-Winter LM, Nakaya HI, Muxel SM. Comparative transcriptomic analysis of long noncoding RNAs in Leishmania-infected human macrophages. Front Genet 2023; 13:1051568. [PMID: 36685903 PMCID: PMC9845402 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1051568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well established that infection with Leishmania alters the host cell's transcriptome. Since mammalian cells have multiple mechanisms to control gene expression, different molecules, such as noncoding RNAs, can be involved in this process. MicroRNAs have been extensively studied upon Leishmania infection, but whether long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are also altered in macrophages is still unexplored. We performed RNA-seq from THP-1-derived macrophages infected with Leishmania amazonensis (La), L. braziliensis (Lb), and L. infantum (Li), investigating a previously unappreciated fraction of macrophage transcriptome. We found that more than 24% of the total annotated transcripts and 30% of differentially expressed (DE) RNAs in Leishmania-infected macrophage correspond to lncRNAs. LncRNAs and protein coding RNAs with altered expression are similar among macrophages infected with the Leishmania species. Still, some species-specific alterations could occur due to distinct pathophysiology in which Li infection led to a more significant number of exclusively DE RNAs. The most represented classes among DE lncRNAs were intergenic and antisense lncRNAs. We also found enrichment for immune response-related pathways in the DE protein coding RNAs, as well as putative targets of the lncRNAs. We performed a coexpression analysis to explore potential cis regulation of coding and antisense noncoding transcripts. We identified that antisense lncRNAs are similarly regulated as its neighbor protein coding genes, such as the BAALC/BAALC-AS1, BAALC/BAALC-AS2, HIF1A/HIF1A-AS1, HIF1A/HIF1A-AS3 and IRF1/IRF1-AS1 pairs, which can occur as a species-specific modulation. These findings are a novelty in the field because, to date, no study has focused on analyzing lncRNAs in Leishmania-infected macrophage. Our results suggest that lncRNAs may account for a novel mechanism by which Leishmania can control macrophage function. Further research must validate putative lncRNA targets and provide additional prospects in lncRNA function during Leishmania infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane C. R. Fernandes
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil,Instituto de Medicina Tropical da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Lucile M. Floeter-Winter
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Sandra M. Muxel
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil,*Correspondence: Sandra M. Muxel,
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Magalhães LS, Melo EV, Damascena NP, Albuquerque ACB, Santos CNO, Rebouças MC, Bezerra MDO, Louzada da Silva R, de Oliveira FA, Santos PL, da Silva JS, Lipscomb MW, da Silva ÂM, de Jesus AR, de Almeida RP. Use of N-acetylcysteine as treatment adjuvant regulates immune response in visceral leishmaniasis: Pilot clinical trial and in vitro experiments. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1045668. [PMID: 36506010 PMCID: PMC9730326 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1045668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This investigation aimed to assess the effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) as an adjuvant treatment to alleviate visceral leishmaniasis (VL). The present work includes both blinded randomized clinical intervention and experimental in vitro studies. The clinical trial included 60 patients with VL randomly allocated into two groups: a test group (n = 30) treated with meglumine antimoniate plus NAC (SbV + NAC) and a control group (n = 30) treated with meglumine antimoniate only (SbV). The primary outcome was clinical cure (absence of fever, spleen and liver sizes reduction, and hematological improvement) in 180 days. The cure rate did not differ between the groups; both groups had similar results in all readout indices. The immunological parameters of the patients treated with SbV + NAC showed higher sCD40L in sera during treatment, and the levels of sCD40L were negatively correlated with Interleukin-10 (IL-10) serum levels. In addition, data estimation showed a negative correlation between the sCD40L levels and the spleen size in patients with VL. For the in vitro experiments, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) or PBMC-derived macrophages from healthy donors were exposed to soluble Leishmania antigen (SLA) or infected with stationary promastigotes of Leishmania infantum in the presence or absence of NAC. Results revealed that NAC treatment of SLA-stimulated PBMCs reduces the frequency of monocytes producing IL-10 and lowers the frequency of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells expressing (pro-)inflammatory cytokines. Together, these results suggest that NAC treatment may modulate the immune response in patients with VL, thus warranting additional investigations to support its case use as an adjuvant to antimony therapy for VL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Sousa Magalhães
- Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology, University Hospital, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil,Health Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil,Sector of Parasitology and Pathology, Biological and Health Sciences Institute, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil
| | - Enaldo Vieira Melo
- Department of Medicine, University Hospital-Empresa Brasileira de Serviços Hospitalares (EBSERH), Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil
| | - Nayra Prata Damascena
- Department of Medicine, University Hospital-Empresa Brasileira de Serviços Hospitalares (EBSERH), Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil
| | - Adriana Cardoso Batista Albuquerque
- Department of Medicine, University Hospital-Empresa Brasileira de Serviços Hospitalares (EBSERH), Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil
| | - Camilla Natália Oliveira Santos
- Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology, University Hospital, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil,Health Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil
| | - Mônica Cardozo Rebouças
- Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology, University Hospital, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil
| | - Mariana de Oliveira Bezerra
- Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology, University Hospital, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil,Department of Medicine, University Hospital-Empresa Brasileira de Serviços Hospitalares (EBSERH), Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Louzada da Silva
- Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology, University Hospital, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil,Department of Health Education, Federal University of Sergipe, Lagarto, Brazil
| | - Fabricia Alvisi de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology, University Hospital, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil
| | - Priscila Lima Santos
- Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology, University Hospital, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil,Health Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil,Department of Health Education, Federal University of Sergipe, Lagarto, Brazil
| | - João Santana da Silva
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Ângela Maria da Silva
- Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology, University Hospital, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil,Department of Medicine, University Hospital-Empresa Brasileira de Serviços Hospitalares (EBSERH), Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil
| | - Amélia Ribeiro de Jesus
- Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology, University Hospital, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil,Health Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil,Department of Medicine, University Hospital-Empresa Brasileira de Serviços Hospitalares (EBSERH), Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil,Immunology Institute of Investigation (iii), National Institute of Science and Technology (INCT), Brazilian Research and Technology Council (CNPq), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roque Pacheco de Almeida
- Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology, University Hospital, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil,Health Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil,Department of Medicine, University Hospital-Empresa Brasileira de Serviços Hospitalares (EBSERH), Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil,Immunology Institute of Investigation (iii), National Institute of Science and Technology (INCT), Brazilian Research and Technology Council (CNPq), São Paulo, Brazil,*Correspondence: Roque Pacheco de Almeida,
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Liu X, Liu H, Lu X, Tombran-Tink J, Zhao S. PEDF Attenuates Ocular Surface Damage in Diabetic Mice Model Through Its Antioxidant Properties. Curr Eye Res 2020; 46:302-308. [PMID: 32862727 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2020.1805770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the antioxidative effect and mechanism of pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) on the ocular surface damage in diabetic mice. METHODS C57BL/6 mice were injected intraperitoneally with streptozocin to generate diabetic models and then 50 nM PEDF or artificial tears were used to treat the diabetic mice. Treatment was given three times a day for eight weeks. Corneal epithelial damage, corneal sensitivity, and tear volume were quantified by fluorescein staining, esthesiometer, and phenol red cotton thread, respectively. Animals were sacrificed at 16 weeks after diabetes and the whole globe specimens were subjected to histochemical staining. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was detected by 2',7-dichlorodihydrofluorescein probe. The levels of receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) were examined by quantitative real-time PCR and western blotting. RESULTS Topical application of PEDF improved corneal epithelial damage, increased corneal sensitivity, and tear volume in diabetic mice. ROS levels in the cornea were significantly higher in the diabetic mice than in the normal mice. Moreover, PEDF attenuated the accumulation of ROS, decreased the expression of RAGE, and elevated SOD1 expression in the cornea. CONCLUSIONS Topical application of PEDF can alleviate diabetes-related ocular surface damage and increase tear volume, along with the improvement of oxidative stress status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Liu
- College of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin Medical University Eye Institute, Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin, China
| | - Hui Liu
- College of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin Medical University Eye Institute, Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Lu
- College of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin Medical University Eye Institute, Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin, China
| | - Joyce Tombran-Tink
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences and Department of Ophthalmology, Penn State College of Medicine , Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Shaozhen Zhao
- College of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin Medical University Eye Institute, Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin, China
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Panaite TD, Saracila M, Papuc CP, Predescu CN, Soica C. Influence of Dietary Supplementation of Salix alba Bark on Performance, Oxidative Stress Parameters in Liver and Gut Microflora of Broilers. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10060958. [PMID: 32486449 PMCID: PMC7341264 DOI: 10.3390/ani10060958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The paper aimed to analyse the effect of dietary Salix alba L. bark powder (SAB) on broiler performance in terms of oxidative stress parameters in liver and gut microflora. One hundred and eighty Cobb 500 broiler chicks (14 days) were allotted to three homogeneous treatments (SAB 0%; SAB 0.025%; SAB 0.05%). The broilers were housed in an environmentally controlled space (10 replicates, six broilers/replicate). Compared to dietary control treatment (SAB 0%), the other treatments included 0.025% SAB (SAB 0.025%) and 0.05% SAB (SAB 0.05%). The results showed that SAB powder used in broiler diet had a high total phenolic content. Regarding the performance results, significant differences between experimental and control treatments were recorded only for average daily feed intake (35-42 days). The broilers fed with SAB powder had a significantly lower hepatic level of malondialdehide and glutathione, a higher total antioxidant capacity than those fed control treatment, and demonstrated a positive effect on the development of non-pathogenic bacteria (lactobacilli) but a decrease in the population of pathogenic ones (E. coli, staphylococci). Our findings suggested that dietary 0.05% SAB powder could be an effective solution to impede the oxidative stress in broiler liver and to improve gut microflora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Dumitra Panaite
- National Research-Development Institute for Animal Biology and Nutrition (IBNA), 1, Calea Bucuresti, Balotesti, 077015 Ilfov, Romania; (T.D.P.); (C.S.)
| | - Mihaela Saracila
- National Research-Development Institute for Animal Biology and Nutrition (IBNA), 1, Calea Bucuresti, Balotesti, 077015 Ilfov, Romania; (T.D.P.); (C.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-21-351-2082
| | - Camelia Puia Papuc
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 105 Splaiul Independentei, 050097 Bucharest, Romania; (C.P.P.); (C.N.P.)
- Academy of Romanian Scientists (AOSR), 54 Splaiul Independentei, 050094 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Corina Nicoleta Predescu
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 105 Splaiul Independentei, 050097 Bucharest, Romania; (C.P.P.); (C.N.P.)
| | - Cristina Soica
- National Research-Development Institute for Animal Biology and Nutrition (IBNA), 1, Calea Bucuresti, Balotesti, 077015 Ilfov, Romania; (T.D.P.); (C.S.)
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Crupi R, Gugliandolo E, Siracusa R, Impellizzeri D, Cordaro M, Di Paola R, Britti D, Cuzzocrea S. N-acetyl-L-cysteine reduces Leishmania amazonensis-induced inflammation in BALB/c mice. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:13. [PMID: 31931804 PMCID: PMC6958694 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-2234-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Leishmaniasis is a emergent disease characterized by different clinical manifestations in both humans and dogs. Predominant clinical features of cutaneous leishmaniasis are ulcerative painless skin lesions. Several data reported that pain is associated with human and dog leishmaniasis, out with areas of painless ulcerative lesions per se. Actually, current medications used for leishmaniasis management are characterized by several side effects and, in addition, some cases of the disease are refractory to the treatment. On this background it is mandatory the identification of new and safe candidates for designing less toxic and low-cost remedies. Therefore, the search for new leishmanicidal compounds is indispensable. Methods In the present paper we investigated the effect of orally N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) supplementation at dose of 200 mg/Kg for 10 weeks, in subcutaneous Leishmania (L). amazonensis infected BALB/c mice. And evaluating the effect of NAC on inflammatory response such as TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β levels, and on thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia. Results In the present paper we showed how NAC supplementation affected parameters of oxidative stress (GSH, MDA, SOD), inflammation such as cytokines levels (IL-1β, IL-6, TNFα) and mast cell activation and consequently on induced pain, during leishmaniosis in BALB\c mice. Conclusions The findings of our study provided the scientific data demonstrating that L. amazonensis infection induces inflammation and pain in BALB/c mice that are reversed by administration of NAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalia Crupi
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres n°31, 98166, Messina, Italy.,Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Enrico Gugliandolo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres n°31, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Rosalba Siracusa
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres n°31, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Daniela Impellizzeri
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres n°31, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Marika Cordaro
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres n°31, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Rosanna Di Paola
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres n°31, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Domenico Britti
- a C.I.S. - Interdepartmental Services Centre of Veterinary for Human and Animal Health, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres n°31, 98166, Messina, Italy. .,Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, USA.
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