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Prado AF, Prist PR, Mucci LF, de Freitas PD. Ecological Requirements for Abundance and Dispersion of Brazilian Yellow Fever Vectors in Tropical Areas. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:609. [PMID: 38791823 PMCID: PMC11120827 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21050609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
In the Americas, wild yellow fever (WYF) is an infectious disease that is highly lethal for some non-human primate species and non-vaccinated people. Specifically, in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, Haemagogus leucocelaenus and Haemagogus janthinomys mosquitoes act as the major vectors. Despite transmission risk being related to vector densities, little is known about how landscape structure affects vector abundance and movement. To fill these gaps, we used vector abundance data and a model-selection approach to assess how landscape structure affects vector abundance, aiming to identify connecting elements for virus dispersion in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Our findings show that Hg. leucocelaenus and Hg. janthinomys abundances, in highly degraded and fragmented landscapes, are mainly affected by increases in forest cover at scales of 2.0 and 2.5 km, respectively. Fragmented landscapes provide ecological corridors for vector dispersion, which, along with high vector abundance, promotes the creation of risk areas for WYF virus spread, especially along the border with Minas Gerais state, the upper edges of the Serra do Mar, in the Serra da Cantareira, and in areas of the metropolitan regions of São Paulo and Campinas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Francisco Prado
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luis km 235, São Carlos 13565-905, SP, Brazil;
| | | | - Luis Filipe Mucci
- Taubaté Regional Lab., State Department of Health of São Paulo, Instituto Pasteur, Pça. Coronel Vitoriano, 23, Taubate 12020-020, SP, Brazil;
| | - Patrícia Domingues de Freitas
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luis km 235, São Carlos 13565-905, SP, Brazil;
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Machado SL, de Mello CF, Silva SOF, Alencar J. Ecobiology of Haemagogus leucocelaenus arbovirus vector in the golden lion tamarin translocation area of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13129. [PMID: 37573396 PMCID: PMC10423267 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39629-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Significant pathogens that have resurfaced in humans originate from transmission from animal to human populations. In the Americas, yellow fever cases in humans are usually associated with spillover from non-human primates via mosquitoes. The present study characterized the prevalence of the yellow fever vector Haemagogus leucocelaenus in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The Atlantic Forest fragment chosen is an area of translocation of the golden lion tamarin (Leontopithecus rosalia), where 10 ovitraps were installed to collect mosquito eggs in Fazenda Três Irmãos, at Silva Jardim city, from March 2020 to October 2022. A total of 1514 eggs were collected, of which 1153 were viable; 50% belonged to medically important mosquito species and 24% to the yellow fever vector species, Hg. leucocelaenus. The months of December 2020 (n = 252), November 2021 (n = 188), and January 2022 (n = 252) had the highest densities of this vector. Haemagogus leucocelaenus was positively correlated with temperature (r = 0.303) and humidity (r = 0.48), with eggs hatching up to the 15th immersion with higher abundance of females. Implementing mosquito monitoring for arbovirus activity can help protect both the golden lion tamarin and human populations from the threat of arbovirus transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Lisboa Machado
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis and Hematology, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-901, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Animal Biology, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, 23890-000, Brazil
| | | | | | - Jeronimo Alencar
- Diptera Laboratory, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, 21040-360, Brazil.
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3
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Silva NIO, Albery GF, Arruda MS, Oliveira GFG, Costa TA, de Mello ÉM, Moreira GD, Reis EV, da Silva SA, Silva MC, de Almeida MG, Becker DJ, Carlson CJ, Vasilakis N, Hanley KA, Drumond BP. Ecological drivers of sustained enzootic yellow fever virus transmission in Brazil, 2017-2021. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0011407. [PMID: 37276217 PMCID: PMC10270639 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Beginning December 2016, sylvatic yellow fever (YF) outbreaks spread into southeastern Brazil, and Minas Gerais state experienced two sylvatic YF waves (2017 and 2018). Following these massive YF waves, we screened 187 free-living non-human primate (NHPs) carcasses collected throughout the state between January 2019 and June 2021 for YF virus (YFV) using RTqPCR. One sample belonging to a Callithrix, collected in June 2020, was positive for YFV. The viral strain belonged to the same lineage associated with 2017-2018 outbreaks, showing the continued enzootic circulation of YFV in the state. Next, using data from 781 NHPs carcasses collected in 2017-18, we used generalized additive mixed models (GAMMs) to identify the spatiotemporal and host-level drivers of YFV infection and intensity (an estimation of genomic viral load in the liver of infected NHP). Our GAMMs explained 65% and 68% of variation in virus infection and intensity, respectively, and uncovered strong temporal and spatial patterns for YFV infection and intensity. NHP infection was higher in the eastern part of Minas Gerais state, where 2017-2018 outbreaks affecting humans and NHPs were concentrated. The odds of YFV infection were significantly lower in NHPs from urban areas than from urban-rural or rural areas, while infection intensity was significantly lower in NHPs from urban areas or the urban-rural interface relative to rural areas. Both YFV infection and intensity were higher during the warm/rainy season compared to the cold/dry season. The higher YFV intensity in NHPs in warm/rainy periods could be a result of higher exposure to vectors and/or higher virus titers in vectors during this time resulting in the delivery of a higher virus dose and higher viral replication levels within NHPs. Further studies are needed to better test this hypothesis and further compare the dynamics of YFV enzootic cycles between different seasons.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gregory F. Albery
- Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Matheus Soares Arruda
- Department of Microbiology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Thaís Alkifeles Costa
- Department of Microbiology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Érica Munhoz de Mello
- Department of Microbiology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Laboratório de Zoonoses—Centro de Controle de Zoonoses, Prefeitura de Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Dias Moreira
- Department of Microbiology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Erik Vinícius Reis
- Department of Microbiology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Simone Agostinho da Silva
- Laboratório de Zoonoses—Centro de Controle de Zoonoses, Prefeitura de Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marlise Costa Silva
- Laboratório de Zoonoses—Centro de Controle de Zoonoses, Prefeitura de Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Munique Guimarães de Almeida
- Laboratório de Zoonoses—Centro de Controle de Zoonoses, Prefeitura de Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Daniel J. Becker
- Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Colin J. Carlson
- Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States of America
- Center for Global Health Science and Security, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C., United States of America
| | - Nikos Vasilakis
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Center for Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Institute for Human Infection and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Kathryn A. Hanley
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Betânia Paiva Drumond
- Department of Microbiology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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de Araujo-Oliveira A, Alencar J, de Almeida Marques W, Teixeira Serdeiro M, Dos Santos Mallet JR. Monthly abundance and diversity of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in an Atlantic Forest area of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2023; 60:443-452. [PMID: 36896663 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjad022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Several mosquito species in the Atlantic Forest are yellow fever vectors; therefore, this biome can represent a potential risk to the human population. Studies on mosquitoes from predominantly sylvatic areas produce valuable data for understanding the emergence of new epidemics. In addition, they can elucidate environmental components favoring or hindering biodiversity and species distribution. Our study aimed to evaluate the monthly distribution, composition, diversity, and influence of seasonal periods (dry and rainy) on the mosquito fauna. We used CDC light traps at different levels in a forest area bordering a Conservation Unit of Nova Iguaçu in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Specimens were collected from August 2018 to July 2019 by installing traps in sampling sites under different vegetation covers. We detected some species of epidemiological importance in terms of arbovirus transmission. A total of 4,048 specimens representing 20 different species were collected. Among them, Aedes (Stg.) albopictus Skuse, 1894 showed recurrent association with the closest level to human residences and Haemagogus (Con.) leucocelaenus Dyar and Shannon, 1924 with the most distant levels. Since these mosquitoes are possible vectors of yellow fever, monitoring the area is extremely important. Under the studied conditions, the mosquito populations were directly influenced by dry and rainy periods, posing a risk to the nearby resident population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre de Araujo-Oliveira
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar em Vigilância Entomológica em Diptera e Hemiptera, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Avenida Brasil, 4365 - Manguinhos. CEP: 21040-900, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Tropical, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Avenida Brasil, 4365 - Manguinhos. CEP: 21040-900, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Jerônimo Alencar
- Laboratório de Diptera, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Avenida Brasil, 4365 - Manguinhos. CEP: 21040-900, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - William de Almeida Marques
- Laboratório de Biologia de Insetos e Parasitos, Instituto de Biofísica Médica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373 CCS: Bloco G1-19, Cidade Universitária, CEP: 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Michele Teixeira Serdeiro
- Laboratório de Diptera, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Avenida Brasil, 4365 - Manguinhos. CEP: 21040-900, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Jacenir Reis Dos Santos Mallet
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar em Vigilância Entomológica em Diptera e Hemiptera, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Avenida Brasil, 4365 - Manguinhos. CEP: 21040-900, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
- Universidade Iguaçu (UNIG), Avenida Abílio Augusto Távora, 2134 - Luz, CEP: 26260-045, Nova Iguaçu, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
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de Oliveira CH, Andrade MS, Campos FS, da C. Cardoso J, Gonçalves-dos-Santos ME, Oliveira RS, Aquino-Teixeira SM, Campos AAS, Almeida MAB, Simonini-Teixeira D, da P. Sevá A, Temponi AOD, Magalhães FM, da Silva Menezes AS, Lopes BT, Almeida HP, Pedroso AL, Gonçalves GP, Chaves DCC, de Menezes GG, Bernal-Valle S, Müller NFD, Janssen L, dos Santos E, Mares-Guia MA, Albuquerque GR, Romano APM, Franco AC, Ribeiro BM, Roehe PM, Lourenço-de-Oliveira R, de Abreu FVS. Yellow Fever Virus Maintained by Sabethes Mosquitoes during the Dry Season in Cerrado, a Semiarid Region of Brazil, in 2021. Viruses 2023; 15:757. [PMID: 36992466 PMCID: PMC10058068 DOI: 10.3390/v15030757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, waves of yellow fever virus (YFV) from the Amazon Rainforest have spread and caused outbreaks in other regions of Brazil, including the Cerrado, a savannah-like biome through which YFV usually moves before arriving at the Atlantic Forest. To identify the vectors involved in the maintenance of the virus in semiarid environments, an entomological survey was conducted after confirmation of yellow fever (YF) epizootics at the peak of the dry season in the Cerrado areas of the state of Minas Gerais. In total, 917 mosquitoes from 13 taxa were collected and tested for the presence of YFV. Interestingly, mosquitoes of the Sabethes genus represented 95% of the diurnal captured specimens, displaying a peak of biting activity never previously recorded, between 4:30 and 5:30 p.m. Molecular analysis identified three YFV-positive pools, two from Sabethes chloropterus-from which near-complete genomes were generated-and one from Sa. albiprivus, whose low viral load prevented sequencing. Sa. chloropterus was considered the primary vector due to the high number of copies of YFV RNA and the high relative abundance detected. Its bionomic characteristics allow its survival in dry places and dry time periods. For the first time in Brazil, Sa. albiprivus was found to be naturally infected with YFV and may have played a role as a secondary vector. Despite its high relative abundance, fewer copies of viral RNA were found, as well as a lower Minimum Infection Rate (MIR). Genomic and phylogeographic analysis showed that the virus clustered in the sub-lineage YFVPA-MG, which circulated in Pará in 2017 and then spread into other regions of the country. The results reported here contribute to the understanding of the epidemiology and mechanisms of YFV dispersion and maintenance, especially in adverse weather conditions. The intense viral circulation, even outside the seasonal period, increases the importance of surveillance and YFV vaccination to protect human populations in affected areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cirilo H. de Oliveira
- Insect Behavior Laboratory, Federal Institute of Northern Minas Gerais, Salinas 39560-000, MG, Brazil
| | - Miguel S. Andrade
- Baculovirus Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasília 70910-900, DF, Brazil
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sabin Diagnóstico e Saúde, Brasília 70632-340, DF, Brazil
| | - Fabrício S. Campos
- Bioinformatics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Campus of Gurupi, Federal University of Tocantins, Gurupi 77410-570, TO, Brazil
- Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003, RS, Brazil
| | - Jader da C. Cardoso
- State Center of Health Surveillance, Rio Grande do Sul State Health Department, Porto Alegre 90610-000, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Ramon Silva Oliveira
- Insect Behavior Laboratory, Federal Institute of Northern Minas Gerais, Salinas 39560-000, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Aline AS Campos
- State Center of Health Surveillance, Rio Grande do Sul State Health Department, Porto Alegre 90610-000, RS, Brazil
| | - Marco AB Almeida
- Pan American Health Organization, World Health Organization Office in Brazil, Brasília 70800-400, DF, Brazil
| | - Danilo Simonini-Teixeira
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Santa Cruz State University, Ilhéus 45662-900, BA, Brazil
| | - Anaiá da P. Sevá
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Santa Cruz State University, Ilhéus 45662-900, BA, Brazil
| | - Andrea Oliveira Dias Temponi
- Health Department of the State of Minas Gerais, State Coordination for Arbovirus Surveillance, Belo Horizonte 31630-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Fernando Maria Magalhães
- Health Department of the State of Minas Gerais, State Coordination for Arbovirus Surveillance, Belo Horizonte 31630-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Agna Soares da Silva Menezes
- Health Department of the State of Minas Gerais, State Coordination for Arbovirus Surveillance, Belo Horizonte 31630-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Bartolomeu Teixeira Lopes
- Health Department of the State of Minas Gerais, State Coordination for Arbovirus Surveillance, Belo Horizonte 31630-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Hermes P. Almeida
- Health Department of the State of Minas Gerais, State Coordination for Arbovirus Surveillance, Belo Horizonte 31630-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana Lúcia Pedroso
- Health Department of the State of Minas Gerais, State Coordination for Arbovirus Surveillance, Belo Horizonte 31630-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Giovani Pontel Gonçalves
- Health Department of the State of Minas Gerais, State Coordination for Arbovirus Surveillance, Belo Horizonte 31630-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Danielle Costa Capistrano Chaves
- Health Department of the State of Minas Gerais, State Coordination for Arbovirus Surveillance, Belo Horizonte 31630-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Givaldo Gomes de Menezes
- Health Department of the State of Minas Gerais, State Coordination for Arbovirus Surveillance, Belo Horizonte 31630-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Sofía Bernal-Valle
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Santa Cruz State University, Ilhéus 45662-900, BA, Brazil
| | - Nicolas FD Müller
- Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003, RS, Brazil
| | - Luis Janssen
- Baculovirus Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasília 70910-900, DF, Brazil
| | - Edmilson dos Santos
- State Center of Health Surveillance, Rio Grande do Sul State Health Department, Porto Alegre 90610-000, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria A. Mares-Guia
- Flavivirus Laboratory, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil
| | - George R. Albuquerque
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Santa Cruz State University, Ilhéus 45662-900, BA, Brazil
| | - Alessandro PM Romano
- General Coordination of Arbovirus Surveillance, Ministry of Health, Brasília 70058-900, DF, Brazil
| | - Ana C. Franco
- Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003, RS, Brazil
| | - Bergmann M. Ribeiro
- Baculovirus Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasília 70910-900, DF, Brazil
| | - Paulo M. Roehe
- Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003, RS, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Lourenço-de-Oliveira
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil
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García-Romero C, Carrillo Bilbao GA, Navarro JC, Martin-Solano S, Saegerman C. Arboviruses in Mammals in the Neotropics: A Systematic Review to Strengthen Epidemiological Monitoring Strategies and Conservation Medicine. Viruses 2023; 15:417. [PMID: 36851630 PMCID: PMC9962704 DOI: 10.3390/v15020417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) are a diverse group of ribonucleic acid (RNA) viruses, with the exception of African swine fever virus, that are transmitted by hematophagous arthropods to a vertebrate host. They are the important cause of many diseases due to their ability to spread in different environments and their diversity of vectors. Currently, there is no information on the geographical distribution of the diseases because the routes of transmission and the mammals (wild or domestic) that act as potential hosts are poorly documented or unknown. We conducted a systematic review from 1967 to 2021 to identify the diversity of arboviruses, the areas, and taxonomic groups that have been monitored, the prevalence of positive records, and the associated risk factors. We identified forty-three arboviruses in nine mammalian orders distributed in eleven countries. In Brazil, the order primates harbor the highest number of arbovirus records. The three most recorded arboviruses were Venezuelan equine encephalitis, Saint Louis encephalitis and West Nile virus. Serum is the most used sample to obtain arbovirus records. Deforestation is identified as the main risk factor for arbovirus transmission between different species and environments (an odds ratio of 1.46 with a 95% confidence interval: 1.34-1.59). The results show an increase in the sampling effort over the years in the neotropical region. Despite the importance of arboviruses for public health, little is known about the interaction of arboviruses, their hosts, and vectors, as some countries and mammalian orders have not yet been monitored. Long-term and constant monitoring allows focusing research on the analysis of the interrelationships and characteristics of each component animal, human, and their environment to understand the dynamics of the diseases and guide epidemiological surveillance and vector control programs. The biodiversity of the Neotropics should be considered to support epidemiological monitoring strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinthya García-Romero
- Maestría en Biodiversidad y Cambio Climático, Facultad de Ciencias del Medio Ambiente, Universidad Tecnológica Indoamérica, Quito 170521, Ecuador
- Instituto de Investigación en Zoonosis (CIZ), Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito 170521, Ecuador
| | - Gabriel Alberto Carrillo Bilbao
- Instituto de Investigación en Zoonosis (CIZ), Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito 170521, Ecuador
- Research Unit of Epidemiology and Risk Analysis Applied to Veterinary Sciences (UREAR-ULiege), Fundamental and Applied Research for Animal and Health (FARAH) Center, Department of Infections and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
- Facultad de Filosofía, Letras y Ciencias de la Educación, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito 170521, Ecuador
| | - Juan-Carlos Navarro
- Grupo de Investigación en Enfermedades Emergentes, Ecoepidemiología y Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Internacional SEK, Quito 170521, Ecuador
| | - Sarah Martin-Solano
- Instituto de Investigación en Zoonosis (CIZ), Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito 170521, Ecuador
- Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Humana (GISAH), Carrera Ingeniería en Biotecnología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida y la Agricultura, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas—ESPE, P.O. Box 171-5-231B, Sangolquí 171103, Ecuador
| | - Claude Saegerman
- Research Unit of Epidemiology and Risk Analysis Applied to Veterinary Sciences (UREAR-ULiege), Fundamental and Applied Research for Animal and Health (FARAH) Center, Department of Infections and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
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Alencar J, Ferreira de Mello C, Silva SOF, Guimarães AÉ, Müller GA. Effects of seasonality on the oviposition activity of potential vector mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) from the São João River Basin Environmental Protection Area of the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. THE EUROPEAN ZOOLOGICAL JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/24750263.2022.2108513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J. Alencar
- Diptera Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - C. Ferreira de Mello
- Diptera Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Animal Biology, Institute of Biology, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - S. O. F. Silva
- Diptera Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Tropical Medicine, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - A. É. Guimarães
- Diptera Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - G. A. Müller
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Farroupilha, Panambi, RS, Brazil
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Mucci LF, Bergo ES, de Deus JT, Reginato SL, Pereira M, de Camargo-Neves VLF. Evaluation of Methods for Collecting Mosquitoes (Culicidae: Diptera) in Canopy and Ground Strata in the Brazilian Savanna. Trop Med Infect Dis 2022; 7:tropicalmed7120446. [PMID: 36548701 PMCID: PMC9783515 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed7120446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The hand-net is the standard method for capturing mosquitoes with sylvatic diurnal activity in disease outbreaks in Brazil. However, occupational risks and biases related to the collectors' abilities and attractiveness are important limitations. In this study, we compared hand-nets with automatic traps (CDC) associated to CO2 and BG-Lure® in the Vassununga State Park, a Brazilian Savanna protection area. The collections carried out over 27 days on the ground and the forest canopy. A total of 1555 mosquitoes were obtained in 20 taxa. The diversity index ranged between 1.12 and 1.79 and the dominance index from 0.22 to 0.40. The dominant species on the ground was Aedes scapularis (46.0%), and in the canopy, Hg. janthinomys/capricornii (31.9%). Haemagogus leucocelaenus was rare (n = 2). The hand-net resulted in the greatest diversity and abundance of species in both strata, followed by the traps associated with CO2. A low degree of similarity was observed between the hand-net on the ground compared to the other capture methods. The use of BG-Lure® alone resulted in a low number of specimens. In conclusion, the hand-net is still the method of choice for collecting arbovirus vectors in the diurnal period, especially yellow fever vectors.
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Silva SOF, de Mello CF, Érico Guimarães A, José Leite P, Alencar J. Occurrence of the Sylvatic Yellow Fever Vector Mosquito Haemagogus leucocelaenus (Diptera: Culicidae) in an Atlantic Forest Fragment of the Touristic State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 59:1891-1897. [PMID: 36239293 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjac153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The yellow fever virus is estimated to cause 30,000 deaths each year worldwide, with the majority of cases and deaths occurring in Africa. The virus is also endemic to Central and South America, including northern and western Brazil. The sylvatic cycle of the virus is related to wild and rural areas, with nonhuman primates as the primary host and wild mosquitoes, specifically from the genera Haemagogus, as vectors. The diversity of the mosquito community plays a significant role in the increase of pathogen transmission to humans. In the present study, we detected fluctuation in populations of vector mosquitoes using ovitraps for Culicidae egg collection. The study area is a forest fragment of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most threatened biomes in Brazil. This biome has been suffering significant deforestation due to anthropic activity. Worryingly, the proximity of human populations to forest environments increases the risk of spreading disease from forest fragments to urban areas. Our findings showed that the highest egg abundance occurred in December 2019, with a significant difference (p = 0.005) between rainy and dry seasons. Most eggs were collected during the rainy period. Subsequent quantification of specimens from epidemiologically relevant species hatched from field-collected eggs resulted in 1,131 (86%) Haemagogus leucocelaenus (Dyar & Shannon, 1924), 111 (8%) Aedes terrens (Walker, 1856), 47 (4%) Aedes albopictus (Skuse, 1894), and 21 (2%) Haemagogus janthinomys (Dyar, 1921). Finally, we assessed the behavior of different vector species performing oviposition on the same breeding site. The highest correlation coefficient was observed between Ae. albopictus and Ae. terrens (rho = 0.52) concerning other Culicidae species. Therefore, we believe that Culicidae population surveillance is crucial for disease monitoring since the increase in specimens of a number of vector species influences the emergence of yellow fever cases in nonhuman primates and human populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayenne Olsson Freitas Silva
- Diptera Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (FIOCRUZ), Avenue Brazil 4365, 21040-360 Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Tropical Medicine, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cecilia Ferreira de Mello
- Diptera Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (FIOCRUZ), Avenue Brazil 4365, 21040-360 Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Animal Biology, Institute of Biology, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, 23890-000 Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Anthony Érico Guimarães
- Diptera Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (FIOCRUZ), Avenue Brazil 4365, 21040-360 Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paulo José Leite
- Diptera Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (FIOCRUZ), Avenue Brazil 4365, 21040-360 Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jeronimo Alencar
- Diptera Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (FIOCRUZ), Avenue Brazil 4365, 21040-360 Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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10
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Cano ME, Marti GA, Alencar J, Silva SOF, Micieli MV. Categorization by Score of Mosquito Species (Diptera: Culicidae) Related to Yellow Fever Epizootics in Argentina. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 59:1766-1777. [PMID: 35820022 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjac079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The mosquito-borne yellow fever virus (YFV) is the cause of a zoonotic disease, with both sylvatic and urban cycles. Some mosquito species have been associated directly with transmission of the virus in South America, although the importance given to each species varies depending on the bibliography, geographical location, or year of publication. For Argentina, few publications have assessed the involvement of mosquito species, especially those included in the sylvatic cycle. Therefore, the goal of our paper was to gather all the information available in South America and categorize all mosquito species potentially involved in the YFV transmission cycle in Argentina according to incriminating vector criteria. Based on three main characteristics ('Hosts', 'Mosquito vector', and 'YF outbreak'), we generated scales of importance by species, one exclusively for Argentina and another for all of South America, Sabethes albiprivus Theobald, 1903 was the most important species in Argentina; whereas the most important species in South America were Haemagogus janthinomys Dyar 1921, Hg. leucocelaenus Dyar and Shannon, 1924, and Sa. chloropterus Von Humboldt, 1819. Our review highlights the lack of research that evaluates the importance of these species for YFV transmission in Argentina, while serving as a starting point to establish priorities for research on the bionomics and vector status of these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Eugenia Cano
- Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores (CEPAVE-CCT-La Plata-CONICET-UNLP), Boulevard 120 e/61 y 62, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Gerardo Anibal Marti
- Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores (CEPAVE-CCT-La Plata-CONICET-UNLP), Boulevard 120 e/61 y 62, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Jeronimo Alencar
- Laboratório de Diptera, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Av. Brasil 4365, CEP: 21040-360 Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Shayenne Olsson Freitas Silva
- Laboratório de Diptera, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Av. Brasil 4365, CEP: 21040-360 Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Maria Victoria Micieli
- Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores (CEPAVE-CCT-La Plata-CONICET-UNLP), Boulevard 120 e/61 y 62, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
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Freitas Silva SO, de Mello CF, Machado SL, Leite PJ, Alencar J. Interaction of Haemagogus leucocelaenus (Diptera: Culicidae) and Other Mosquito Vectors in a Forested Area, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Trop Med Infect Dis 2022; 7:tropicalmed7060094. [PMID: 35736973 PMCID: PMC9228385 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed7060094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The yellow fever (YF) virus has been detected throughout Brazil, with the occurrence of human cases, cyclic epizootics, and its isolation from Haemagogus janthinomys and Hg. leucocelaenus. We assessed the seasonal occurrence, egg abundancy, and oviposition interaction of mosquito vector species captured at a Private Natural Heritage Reserve in the Atlantic Forest biome. A total of 2943 eggs and 1538 mosquito larvae were collected from which 1231 belonged to entomologically important species. Ovitraps were used to collect immature mosquitoes from September 2019 to January 2021. The Mann–Whitney test was used to assess the differences in the abundance of eggs between rainy and dry seasons. Kruskal–Wallis and Dunn’s post hoc tests were used to evaluate the significance of the differences in the number of individuals from vector species. The highest percentage of mosquito vector eggs were collected during the rainy season, from December to February. Most eggs recovered from ovitraps belonged to the species Hg. leucocelaenus, representing 85% of all mosquito eggs identified. The other species had lower abundances and percentages: Aedes terrens (7%), Haemagogus janthinomys (5%) and Aedes albopictus (3%). The species that shared breeding sites with a higher frequency were Hg. leucocelaenus and Hg. janthinomys, with a statistically positive correlation (ρ = 0.74). This finding suggests that maybe the presence of Hg. leucocelaenus eggs acted as an attractant for Hg. janthinomys or vice versa. An understanding of mosquito oviposition behavior is necessary for the development of surveillance and control approaches directed against specific pathogen vectors of medical and veterinary importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayenne Olsson Freitas Silva
- Diptera Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (FIOCRUZ), Av. Brazil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (S.O.F.S.); (C.F.d.M.); (P.J.L.)
- Postgraduate Program in Tropical Medicine, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (FIOCRUZ), Av. Brazil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Cecilia Ferreira de Mello
- Diptera Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (FIOCRUZ), Av. Brazil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (S.O.F.S.); (C.F.d.M.); (P.J.L.)
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Biology, Institute of Biology, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro 23890-000, Brazil
| | - Sergio Lisboa Machado
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis and Hematology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-901, Brazil;
| | - Paulo José Leite
- Diptera Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (FIOCRUZ), Av. Brazil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (S.O.F.S.); (C.F.d.M.); (P.J.L.)
| | - Jeronimo Alencar
- Diptera Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (FIOCRUZ), Av. Brazil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (S.O.F.S.); (C.F.d.M.); (P.J.L.)
- Correspondence:
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12
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dos Santos Conceição M, Chahad-Ehlers S, dos Santos-Neto LG, Sant’Ana AL, Ribeiro GPM, do Rocio Klisiowicz D, Silva-Inacio CL, de Moura Barbosa T, Gama RA, Lozovei AL, de Andrade AJ. Culicidae (Diptera: Culicomorpha) in the southern Brazilian 'Ana Leuch Lozovei' collection, with notes on distribution and diversity. GIGABYTE 2022; 2022:gigabyte55. [PMID: 36824533 PMCID: PMC9930534 DOI: 10.46471/gigabyte.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological collections are important for acquiring knowledge of the biodiversity of a specific environment. Here, we organize, list and catalog adult specimens of Culicidae from the Parasitology Collection of the Basic Pathology Department at the Federal University of Paraná, Brazil, and present a databank of taxonomic and collection information for each sample. Culicids were collected using different methodologies in 18 municipalities in Paraná state, between 1967 and 1999. There are 5,739 catalogued specimens, of which 4,703 (81.94%) are identified at species level, with a diversity of 100 species. Of these, 18 are new recorded samples for Paraná, and three are new for Brazil. This collection is named the Ana Leuch Lozovei Entomological Collection in honor of the 30 years Prof Lovozei dedicated to culicid study in Paraná. The collection comprises insect vectors or potential vectors, of agents causing human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurício dos Santos Conceição
- Basic Pathology Department, Federal University of Paraná, Av. Cel. Francisco H. dos Santos, 100 - Jardim das Américas, Curitiba, PR 81531-980, Brazil,Postgraduate Program in Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology, Federal University of Paraná, Av. Cel. Francisco H. dos Santos, 100 - Jardim das Américas, Curitiba, PR 81531-980, Brazil, Corresponding authors. E-mail: ;
| | - Samira Chahad-Ehlers
- Genetics and Evolution Department, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235 SP-310, São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Luiz Gonzaga dos Santos-Neto
- Basic Pathology Department, Federal University of Paraná, Av. Cel. Francisco H. dos Santos, 100 - Jardim das Américas, Curitiba, PR 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Adson Luís Sant’Ana
- Basic Pathology Department, Federal University of Paraná, Av. Cel. Francisco H. dos Santos, 100 - Jardim das Américas, Curitiba, PR 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Princival Marques Ribeiro
- Basic Pathology Department, Federal University of Paraná, Av. Cel. Francisco H. dos Santos, 100 - Jardim das Américas, Curitiba, PR 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Débora do Rocio Klisiowicz
- Basic Pathology Department, Federal University of Paraná, Av. Cel. Francisco H. dos Santos, 100 - Jardim das Américas, Curitiba, PR 81531-980, Brazil,Postgraduate Program in Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology, Federal University of Paraná, Av. Cel. Francisco H. dos Santos, 100 - Jardim das Américas, Curitiba, PR 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Cássio Lázaro Silva-Inacio
- Microbiology and Parasitology Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Senador Salgado Filho, 3000, Natal, RN 59078-970, Brazil
| | - Taciano de Moura Barbosa
- Microbiology and Parasitology Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Senador Salgado Filho, 3000, Natal, RN 59078-970, Brazil
| | - Renata Antonaci Gama
- Microbiology and Parasitology Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Senador Salgado Filho, 3000, Natal, RN 59078-970, Brazil
| | - Ana Leuch Lozovei
- Basic Pathology Department, Federal University of Paraná, Av. Cel. Francisco H. dos Santos, 100 - Jardim das Américas, Curitiba, PR 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Andrey José de Andrade
- Basic Pathology Department, Federal University of Paraná, Av. Cel. Francisco H. dos Santos, 100 - Jardim das Américas, Curitiba, PR 81531-980, Brazil,Postgraduate Program in Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology, Federal University of Paraná, Av. Cel. Francisco H. dos Santos, 100 - Jardim das Américas, Curitiba, PR 81531-980, Brazil,Post-graduate Programme in Entomology, Zoology Department, Federal University of Paraná, Av. Cel. Francisco H. dos Santos, 100 - Jardim das Américas, Curitiba, PR 81531-980, Brazil, Corresponding authors. E-mail: ;
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Medeiros-Sousa AR, Laporta GZ, Mucci LF, Marrelli MT. Epizootic dynamics of yellow fever in forest fragments: An agent-based model to explore the influence of vector and host parameters. Ecol Modell 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2022.109884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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14
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Abreu FVSD, de Andreazzi CS, Neves MSAS, Meneguete PS, Ribeiro MS, Dias CMG, de Albuquerque Motta M, Barcellos C, Romão AR, Magalhães MDAFM, Lourenço-de-Oliveira R. Ecological and environmental factors affecting transmission of sylvatic yellow fever in the 2017-2019 outbreak in the Atlantic Forest, Brazil. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:23. [PMID: 35012637 PMCID: PMC8750868 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-05143-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Yellow fever virus (YFV) is an arbovirus that, despite the existence of a safe and effective vaccine, continues to cause outbreaks of varying dimensions in the Americas and Africa. Between 2017 and 2019, Brazil registered un unprecedented sylvatic YFV outbreak whose severity was the result of its spread into zones of the Atlantic Forest with no signals of viral circulation for nearly 80 years. METHODS To investigate the influence of climatic, environmental, and ecological factors governing the dispersion and force of infection of YFV in a naïve area such as the landscape mosaic of Rio de Janeiro (RJ), we combined the analyses of a large set of data including entomological sampling performed before and during the 2017-2019 outbreak, with the geolocation of human and nonhuman primates (NHP) and mosquito infections. RESULTS A greater abundance of Haemagogus mosquitoes combined with lower richness and diversity of mosquito fauna increased the probability of finding a YFV-infected mosquito. Furthermore, the analysis of functional traits showed that certain functional groups, composed mainly of Aedini mosquitoes which includes Aedes and Haemagogus mosquitoes, are also more representative in areas where infected mosquitoes were found. Human and NHP infections were more common in two types of landscapes: large and continuous forest, capable of harboring many YFV hosts, and patches of small forest fragments, where environmental imbalance can lead to a greater density of the primary vectors and high human exposure. In both, we show that most human infections (~ 62%) occurred within an 11-km radius of the finding of an infected NHP, which is in line with the flight range of the primary vectors. CONCLUSIONS Together, our data suggest that entomological data and landscape composition analyses may help to predict areas permissive to yellow fever outbreaks, allowing protective measures to be taken to avoid human cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Vieira Santos de Abreu
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
- Laboratório de Comportamento de Insetos, Instituto Federal do Norte de Minas Gerais, Salinas, MG Brazil
| | - Cecilia Siliansky de Andreazzi
- Laboratório de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mamíferos Silvestres Reservatórios, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
- Present Address: Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Patrícia Soares Meneguete
- Secretaria de Estado de Saúde, Subsecretaria de Vigilância e Atenção Primária À Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
| | - Mário Sérgio Ribeiro
- Secretaria de Estado de Saúde, Subsecretaria de Vigilância e Atenção Primária À Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
| | - Cristina Maria Giordano Dias
- Secretaria de Estado de Saúde, Subsecretaria de Vigilância e Atenção Primária À Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
| | - Monique de Albuquerque Motta
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
| | - Christovam Barcellos
- Laboratório de Informação em Saúde, Instituto de Comunicação e Informação Científica e Tecnológica em Saúde, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
| | - Anselmo Rocha Romão
- Laboratório de Informação em Saúde, Instituto de Comunicação e Informação Científica e Tecnológica em Saúde, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo Lourenço-de-Oliveira
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
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15
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Li SL, Acosta AL, Hill SC, Brady OJ, de Almeida MAB, Cardoso JDC, Hamlet A, Mucci LF, Telles de Deus J, Iani FCM, Alexander NS, Wint GRW, Pybus OG, Kraemer MUG, Faria NR, Messina JP. Mapping environmental suitability of Haemagogus and Sabethes spp. mosquitoes to understand sylvatic transmission risk of yellow fever virus in Brazil. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010019. [PMID: 34995277 PMCID: PMC8797211 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Yellow fever (YF) is an arboviral disease which is endemic to Brazil due to a sylvatic transmission cycle maintained by infected mosquito vectors, non-human primate (NHP) hosts, and humans. Despite the existence of an effective vaccine, recent sporadic YF epidemics have underscored concerns about sylvatic vector surveillance, as very little is known about their spatial distribution. Here, we model and map the environmental suitability of YF's main vectors in Brazil, Haemagogus spp. and Sabethes spp., and use human population and NHP data to identify locations prone to transmission and spillover risk. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We compiled a comprehensive set of occurrence records on Hg. janthinomys, Hg. leucocelaenus, and Sabethes spp. from 1991-2019 using primary and secondary data sources. Linking these data with selected environmental and land-cover variables, we adopted a stacked regression ensemble modelling approach (elastic-net regularized GLM, extreme gradient boosted regression trees, and random forest) to predict the environmental suitability of these species across Brazil at a 1 km x 1 km resolution. We show that while suitability for each species varies spatially, high suitability for all species was predicted in the Southeastern region where recent outbreaks have occurred. By integrating data on NHP host reservoirs and human populations, our risk maps further highlight municipalities within the region that are prone to transmission and spillover. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Our maps of sylvatic vector suitability can help elucidate potential locations of sylvatic reservoirs and be used as a tool to help mitigate risk of future YF outbreaks and assist in vector surveillance. Furthermore, at-risk regions identified from our work could help disease control and elucidate gaps in vaccination coverage and NHP host surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina L. Li
- School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (SLL); (JPM)
| | - André L. Acosta
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Laboratório de Ecologia de Paisagens e Conservação—LEPAC, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sarah C. Hill
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver J. Brady
- Centre for the Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marco A. B. de Almeida
- State Centre of Health Surveillance, Rio Grande do Sul State Health Secretariat, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Jader da C. Cardoso
- State Centre of Health Surveillance, Rio Grande do Sul State Health Secretariat, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Arran Hamlet
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Luis F. Mucci
- Superintendence for Endemic Diseases Control, São Paulo State Health Secretariat, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Telles de Deus
- Superintendence for Endemic Diseases Control, São Paulo State Health Secretariat, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Neil S. Alexander
- Environmental Research Group Oxford, c/o Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - G. R. William Wint
- Environmental Research Group Oxford, c/o Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver G. Pybus
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Nuno R. Faria
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Departamento de Molestias Infecciosas e Parasitarias & Instituto de Medicina Tropical da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jane P. Messina
- School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford School of Global and Area Studies, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (SLL); (JPM)
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16
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Alencar J, de Mello CF, Leite PJ, Bastos AQ, Freitas Silva SO, Serdeiro M, dos Santos Silva J, Müller GA. Oviposition activity of Haemagogus leucocelaenus (Diptera: Culicidae) during the rainy and dry seasons, in areas with yellow fever virus circulation in the Atlantic Forest, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0261283. [PMID: 34898653 PMCID: PMC8668088 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aims to analyze the effectiveness of ovitraps in the capture of Hg leucocelaenus eggs and evaluate the influence of the dry and rainy seasons on their abundance and hatching rates. The eggs were collected in the Atlantic Forest of State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, an area in which the yellow fever virus is known to circulate. We distributed 15 ovitraps in three sampling points, with five ovitraps per point. We distributed 15 ovitraps in three sampling points on trees within a forested area, which were sequentially numbered, monitored, and replaced every two weeks from October 2016 to April 2018. There was a high dominance of Hg. leucocelaenus eggs (98.4%) and a variation in egg hatching rates between the wet and dry seasons. These rates were 1.5 times higher in the rainy season than in the dry season. The rainy season also showed a greater abundance of eggs and higher values of ovitrap positivity and egg density indexes in the installed ovitraps. The abundances of Hg. leucocelaenus eggs were positively correlated with mean monthly temperature and air humidity but not significantly correlated with accumulated precipitation. These results, as well as their implications for the possible use of ovitraps to monitor vector mosquitoes of yellow fever in the study region, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeronimo Alencar
- Diptera Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Cecilia Ferreira de Mello
- Diptera Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Animal Biology, Institute of Biology, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paulo José Leite
- Diptera Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Amanda Queiroz Bastos
- Diptera Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Animal Biology, Institute of Biology, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Shayenne Olsson Freitas Silva
- Diptera Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Tropical Medicine, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Michele Serdeiro
- Diptera Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Gerson Azulim Müller
- Farroupilha Federal Institute of Education Science and Technology, Panambi, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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17
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Bastos AQ, Leite PJ, dos Santos-Mallet JR, de Mello CF, Serdeiro M, dos Silva JS, Figueiró R, Docile T, Alencar J. Spawning behavior of Aedini (Diptera: Culicidae) in a remnant of Atlantic Forest in the state of Rio de Janeiro. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:591. [PMID: 34838124 PMCID: PMC8626988 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-05102-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mosquito assemblages are organized along an ecological gradient, including small habitats where interspecific competition predominates and large permanent habitats where predation predominates. This study aimed to analyze the oviposition behavior of mosquitoes regarding the preference for traps installed at two different heights with regard to ground level and the tendency to share spawning sites in an Atlantic Forest fragment in Nova Iguaçu, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. METHODS The eggs were collected from April 2018 to March 2019. Twelve ovitraps were used, randomly distributed in trees at ground level and at a height of 3 m in a forest environment. RESULTS They were sequentially numbered, monitored, and replaced every 2 weeks. Among the 5818 eggs collected, 3941 hatched, 3756 reached the pupa stage, and 2370 reached the adult stage. The most abundant species were Aedes albopictus (63%) and Haemagogus leucocelaenus (35%), followed by Aedes terrens (2%) and Haemagogus janthinomys (1%). Analyses showed a significant difference of (P = 0.02) between the number of mosquito species collected in the palettes at ground level and the number collected at the height of 3 m. Cluster analysis of species abundance showed that the eggs collected in the palettes at ground level were more abundant than those collected in the palettes at the height of 3 m. We detected co-occurrence of species in the oviposition palettes; according to the null model, such species distribution was not random. CONCLUSIONS The exploitation of oviposition sites by mosquito species can represent an event forced by population density facilitated by the ecological valence of individuals of one species. Understanding the aggregate distribution of larvae at the oviposition site allows us to conduct more in-depth studies of the oviposition behavior of female mosquitoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Queiroz Bastos
- Laboratório de Diptera, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paulo José Leite
- Laboratório de Diptera, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Jacenir Reis dos Santos-Mallet
- Laboratorio Interdisciplinar de Vigilância Entomológica em Diptera e Hemiptera, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
- Universidade Nova Iguaçu, Nova Iguaçu, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cecilia Ferreira de Mello
- Laboratório de Diptera, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Michele Serdeiro
- Laboratório de Diptera, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | | | - Ronaldo Figueiró
- Fundação Centro Universitário Estadual da Zona Oeste (UEZO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Centro Universitário de Volta Redonda (UniFOA), Volta Redonda, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Brazil Rio de Janeiro
| | - Tatiana Docile
- Laboratório de Educação Profissional em Vigilância em Saúde (LAVSA), Escola Politécnica de Saúde Joaquim Venâncio, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto de Aplicação Fernando Rodrigues da Silveira (Cap-UERJ), Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jeronimo Alencar
- Laboratório de Diptera, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
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18
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Araujo-Oliveira AD, Gil-Santana HR, Teixeira CDSB, Santos-Mallet JRD, Alencar J. Evaluation of the Diversity of Culicidae Vectors of the Sylvatic Yellow Fever Virus in Atlantic Forest Remnants with the Use of Ovitraps and Bamboo Traps. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2021; 21:875-883. [PMID: 34652248 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2021.0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mosquitoes transmit several pathogens in tropical regions, especially in forest areas. The diseases caused by these pathogens include malaria and several arboviruses such as yellow fever. Brazil has the largest endemic area in the world for yellow fever. Many factors can affect the sylvatic cycle of the disease, shifting it into human-inhabited areas. This study aims to examine the oviposition behavior of mosquito species that are effective or potential vectors of the yellow fever virus and which colonize bamboo traps and ovitraps installed at different heights. The positions of the traps in the strata were changed every 15 days. The collection of immature stages (eggs, larvae, and pupae) was performed every 2 weeks for 12 months from August 2018 to July 2019 in the city of Nova Iguaçu, state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in an area near the Tinguá Biological Reserve (REBIO) in the districts of Adrianópolis and Rio D'ouro. Statistical tests were used to compare oviposition at each stratum, and correlation tests showed the relationship between the presence of eggs and immature mosquitoes (larvae and pupae) and temperature, precipitation, and trap type. The diversity was calculated for each trap type and height, as well as the dry and rainy seasons. During the sampling period, 3929 eggs and 4953 larvae and pupae were collected. The traps installed in the high strata remained empty when traps on the ground were installed at the same time, although not when they were installed on their own. The results obtained with this new proposed methodology suggest that diversity is greatest in the rainy season and in bamboo traps for either stratum. Furthermore, this study suggests that mosquitoes begin searching for breeding sites at ground level. Higher levels may be occupied due to the absence or impermanence of other breeding sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre de Araujo-Oliveira
- Laboratorio Interdisciplinar de Vigilância Entomológica em Díptera e Hemiptera, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Tropical Medicine, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Carolina de Souza Brandão Teixeira
- Laboratorio Interdisciplinar de Vigilância Entomológica em Díptera e Hemiptera, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jacenir Reis Dos Santos-Mallet
- Laboratorio Interdisciplinar de Vigilância Entomológica em Díptera e Hemiptera, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Universidade Iguaçu-Unig, Nova Iguaçu, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jeronimo Alencar
- Diptera Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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19
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Ribeiro Prist P, Reverberi Tambosi L, Filipe Mucci L, Pinter A, Pereira de Souza R, Lara Muylaert R, Roger Rhodes J, Henrique Comin C, Fontoura Costa L, Lang D'Agostini T, Telles de Deus J, Pavão M, Port‐Carvalho M, Del Castillo Saad L, Mureb Sallum MA, Fernandes Spinola RM, Metzger JP. Roads and forest edges facilitate yellow fever virus dispersion. J Appl Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.14031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paula Ribeiro Prist
- Department of Ecology Institute of Bioscience University of São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | - Leandro Reverberi Tambosi
- Department of Ecology Institute of Bioscience University of São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
- Center for Engineering, Modelling and Applied Social Sciences Federal University of ABC Santo André Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Renata Lara Muylaert
- Molecular Epidemiology and Public Health Laboratory Hopkirk Research InstituteMassey University Palmerston North New Zealand
| | - Jonathan Roger Rhodes
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences The University of Queensland Brisbane QLD Australia
| | - César Henrique Comin
- Department of Computer Science Federal University of São Carlos São Carlos Brazil
| | | | - Tatiana Lang D'Agostini
- Center for Epidemiology Surveillance ‘Dr Alexandre Vranjac’ Coordination for Disease ControlPublic Health Branch São Paulo Brazil
| | | | - Mônica Pavão
- Geoprocessing and Spatial Analysis Core Environment Research Institute. Infrastructure and Environment Secretariat of São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | - Márcio Port‐Carvalho
- Conservation Biodiversity Nucleus, Environmental Research Institute, Infrastructure and Environment Secretariat of São Paulo São Paulo SP Brazil
- Post Graduated Program in Biodiversity of Conservations UnitsNational School of Tropical Botanical—Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Leila Del Castillo Saad
- Center for Epidemiology Surveillance ‘Dr Alexandre Vranjac’ Coordination for Disease ControlPublic Health Branch São Paulo Brazil
| | | | - Roberta Maria Fernandes Spinola
- Center for Epidemiology Surveillance ‘Dr Alexandre Vranjac’ Coordination for Disease ControlPublic Health Branch São Paulo Brazil
| | - Jean Paul Metzger
- Department of Ecology Institute of Bioscience University of São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
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20
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Uchenna Emeribe A, Nasir Abdullahi I, O R Ajagbe O, Egede Ugwu C, Oloche Onoja S, Dahiru Abubakar S, Modesta Umeozuru C, Sunday Animasaun O, Omoruyi Omosigho P, Mukhtar Danmusa U, Alhaji Baba Mallam M, Saidu Aminu M, Yahaya H, Oyewusi S. Incidence, drivers and global health implications of the 2019/2020 yellow fever sporadic outbreaks in Sub-Saharan Africa. Pathog Dis 2021; 79:6178868. [PMID: 33739369 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftab017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The 2019 and 2020 sporadic outbreaks of yellow fever (YF) in Sub-Saharan African countries had raised a lot of global health concerns. This article aims to narratively review the vector biology, YF vaccination program, environmental factors and climatic changes, and to understand how they could facilitate the reemergence of YF. This study comprehensively reviewed articles that focused on the interplay and complexity of YF virus (YFV) vector diversity/competence, YF vaccine immunodynamics and climatic change impacts on YFV transmission as they influence the 2019/2020 sporadic outbreaks in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Based on available reports, vectorial migration, climatic changes and YF immunization level could be reasons for the re-mergence of YF at the community and national levels. Essentially, the drivers of YFV infection due to spillover are moderately constant. However, changes in land use and landscape have been shown to influence sylvan-to-urban spillover. Furthermore, increased precipitation and warmer temperatures due to climate change are likely to broaden the range of mosquitoes' habitat. The 2019/2020 YF outbreaks in SSA is basically a result of inadequate vaccination campaigns, YF surveillance and vector control. Consequently, and most importantly, adequate immunization coverage must be implemented and properly achieved under the responsibility of the public health stakeholders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Uchenna Emeribe
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, PMB 1115, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Idris Nasir Abdullahi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, PMB 05 along Samaru road, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Odunayo O R Ajagbe
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Ebonyi State University, P.M.B. 053, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - Charles Egede Ugwu
- Solina Center for International Research and development, 8 Libreville Crescent, Ahmadu Bello Way Wuse II, Abuja 23409, Nigeria
| | - Solomon Oloche Onoja
- Nigeria Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Programme, African Field Epidemiology Programme, Plot 801, Ebitu Ukiwe Street, Jabi, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Sharafudeen Dahiru Abubakar
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, PMB 05 along Samaru road, Zaria, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Pius Omoruyi Omosigho
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kaduna State University, Tafawa Balewa Way, PMB 2339, Kaduna, Nigeria
| | - Umar Mukhtar Danmusa
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, University of Nigeria, PMB, 420001 Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Mala Alhaji Baba Mallam
- Department of Nursing Science, Maryam Abacha American University of Niger, ADS Avenue, Roi Muhammed VI Du Maroc Maradi, Republique Du Niger
| | - Maijiddah Saidu Aminu
- Department of Nursing Science, Maryam Abacha American University of Niger, ADS Avenue, Roi Muhammed VI Du Maroc Maradi, Republique Du Niger
| | - Hadiza Yahaya
- Department of Nursing Science, Maryam Abacha American University of Niger, ADS Avenue, Roi Muhammed VI Du Maroc Maradi, Republique Du Niger
| | - Silifat Oyewusi
- Department of Nursing Science, Maryam Abacha American University of Niger, ADS Avenue, Roi Muhammed VI Du Maroc Maradi, Republique Du Niger
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21
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Oviposition behavior of wild yellow fever vector mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in an Atlantic Forest fragment, Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6081. [PMID: 33727688 PMCID: PMC7966363 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85752-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Although there are many studies on the control of mosquito vectors of the yellow fever virus (YFV) in tropical forests, there are still few ecological studies regarding abiotic factors effect on these mosquitoes. Here we characterize these effects on oviposition behavior, abundance, and diversity of mosquito vectors of YFV. The study was conducted in Córrego da Luz Municipal Park, in Casimiro de Abreu, Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil, from July 2018 to December 2019. Ovitraps were placed at ground level and 3 m high. The data were tested for normality using the Shapiro–Wilk test, followed by an independent sample analysis, the Mann–Whitney test. The Shannon Diversity Index was used to evaluate the abundance of mosquitos' eggs collected at both ground level and 3 m high. We highlight the presence of Haemagogus janthinomys and Hg. leucocelaenus, primary YFV vectors in forest areas. The abundance of Hg. leucocelaenus (63%), Hg. janthinomys (75%), and Aedes terrens (58%) was higher at the height of 3 m, while Ae. albopictus (52%) was higher at ground level. Aedes albopictus was positively correlated with temperature. Culicidae monitoring is essential for assessing the YFV transmission cycle in Atlantic forest fragments.
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22
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Kuno G. The Absence of Yellow Fever in Asia: History, Hypotheses, Vector Dispersal, Possibility of YF in Asia, and Other Enigmas. Viruses 2020; 12:E1349. [PMID: 33255615 PMCID: PMC7759908 DOI: 10.3390/v12121349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the recent epidemics of yellow fever in Angola and Brazil as well as the importation of cases to China in 2016, there has been an increased interest in the century-old enigma, absence of yellow fever in Asia. Although this topic has been repeatedly reviewed before, the history of human intervention has never been considered a critical factor. A two-stage literature search online for this review, however, yielded a rich history indispensable for the debate over this medical enigma. As we combat the pandemic of COVID-19 coronavirus worldwide today, we can learn invaluable lessons from the historical events in Asia. In this review, I explore the history first and then critically examine in depth major hypotheses proposed in light of accumulated data, global dispersal of the principal vector, patterns of YF transmission, persistence of urban transmission, and the possibility of YF in Asia. Through this process of re-examination of the current knowledge, the subjects for research that should be conducted are identified. This review also reveals the importance of holistic approach incorporating ecological and human factors for many unresolved subjects, such as the enigma of YF absence in Asia, vector competence, vector dispersal, spillback, viral persistence and transmission mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goro Kuno
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Formerly Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA
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