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Zacharias DC, Lemos AT, Keramea P, Dantas RC, da Rocha RP, Crespo NM, Sylaios G, Jovane L, da Silva Santos IG, Montone RC, de Oliveira Soares M, Lourenço RA. Offshore oil spills in Brazil: An extensive review and further development. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 205:116663. [PMID: 38972220 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
The present study offers an extensive overview on the evolution and current state of marine oil spill research in Brazil and then discusses further directions. Given the historical and current relevance of this issue, this paper also aims to summarize the exploration, geological background, design of oil spills timeline and assessment of the most important of them. Moreover, it includes a critical comparison of Brazilian oil spill models in terms of their simulation abilities, real-time field data assimilation, space and time forecasts and uncertainty evaluation. This study also presents the perspectives of the Multi-User System for Detection, Prediction, and Monitoring of Oil Spills at Sea (SisMOM) the largest and most important Brazilian project to face the offshore oil spills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Constantino Zacharias
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique (LaMP), F-63000 Clermont Ferrand, France.
| | - Angelo Teixeira Lemos
- Centro de Formação em Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Federal do Sul da Bahia, Rodovia BR-367, km 10, Zona Rural, Porto Seguro, BA 45810-000, Brazil
| | - Panagiota Keramea
- Laboratory of Ecological Engineering and Technology, Department of Environmental Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, 67100 Xanthi, Greece
| | - Rafaela Cardoso Dantas
- Departamento de Oceanografia Física, Química e Geológica, Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Rosmeri Porfirio da Rocha
- Departamento de Ciências Atmosféricas, Instituto de Astronomia, Geofísica e Ciências Atmosféricas, Universidade de São Paulo, IAG/USP, Rua do Matão, 1226, São Paulo, SP 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Natália Machado Crespo
- Department of Atmospheric Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, V Holešovičkách 747/2, 180 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Georgios Sylaios
- Laboratory of Ecological Engineering and Technology, Department of Environmental Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, 67100 Xanthi, Greece
| | - Luigi Jovane
- Departamento de Oceanografia Física, Química e Geológica, Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Iwldson Guilherme da Silva Santos
- Departamento de Ciências Atmosféricas, Instituto de Astronomia, Geofísica e Ciências Atmosféricas, Universidade de São Paulo, IAG/USP, Rua do Matão, 1226, São Paulo, SP 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Rosalinda Carmela Montone
- Departamento de Oceanografia Física, Química e Geológica, Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Marcelo de Oliveira Soares
- Instituto de Ciências do Mar (LABOMAR), Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Avenida da Abolição, 3207, 60165081, Meireles, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Rafael André Lourenço
- Departamento de Oceanografia Física, Química e Geológica, Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil
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Sadauskas-Henrique H, Braz-Mota S, Campos DF, Dos Santos Barroso H, Kochhann D, Luis Val A, Maria Fonseca de Almeida-Val V. Oil spill in an amazon blackwater environment: Biochemical and physiological responses of local fish species. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 250:118347. [PMID: 38309567 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
The accidental spill of petroleum asphalt cement (PAC) in São Raimundo (SR Harbor, located on the Rio Negro (Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil) was monitored through the analysis of polyciclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in water and a set of biomarkers in fishes (exposure biomarkes: PAHs-type metabolites concentrations in bile; the activities of ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in liver. Effect biomarkers: lipid peroxidation concentration (LPO) in liver, acetylcholinesterase activity in brain, and genotoxic DNA damage in erythrocytes). Two fish species, Acarichthys heckelii and Satanoperca jurupari, were collected 10, 45, and 90 days after the PAC spill in São Raimundo. At the same time, fish were collected from the Tupé Sustainable Development Reserve (Tupé) which served as a reference area. The sampling periods were related to the rising waters of the natural flood pulse of the Rio Negro. Higher concentrations of PAHs in water were observed at 10 and 45 days and returned to the values of TP 90 days after the PAC spill, a period in which harbor waters rose about 0.2 m. Unlike the PAHs in water, biomarker responses in both fish species significantly increased following the PAC spill in SR. Hepatic ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD), PAH-like metabolites in bile, and erythrocyte DNA damage increases, together with inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in the brain were the most evident responses for both fish species. The calculated pyrolytic index showed mixed sources of PAHs (petrogenic and pyrolytic). The applied PCA-FA indicated important relationships between dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and PAHs concentrations in water, where DOC and PAHs concentrations contributed to biomarkers responses for both fish species in all collection periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Sadauskas-Henrique
- Brazilian National Institute for Research in the Amazon, Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Molecular Evolution, Av. André Araújo 2936, 69083-000, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil; UNISANTA (Universidade Santa Cecília), Laboratório de Ecofisiologia e Bioquímica de Organismos Aquáticos, Rua Oswaldo Cruz 277 (Boqueirão), 11045-907, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Susana Braz-Mota
- Brazilian National Institute for Research in the Amazon, Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Molecular Evolution, Av. André Araújo 2936, 69083-000, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Derek Felipe Campos
- Brazilian National Institute for Research in the Amazon, Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Molecular Evolution, Av. André Araújo 2936, 69083-000, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Hiléia Dos Santos Barroso
- Escola Superior de Ciências da Saúde (ESA), Universidade Estadual do Amazonas (UEA), Av. Carvalho Leal 1777, 69065-001, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Daiani Kochhann
- Brazilian National Institute for Research in the Amazon, Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Molecular Evolution, Av. André Araújo 2936, 69083-000, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil; Acaraú Valley State University, Center of Agrarian and Biological Sciences, Av. da Universidade 850, 62010-295, Sobral, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Adalberto Luis Val
- Brazilian National Institute for Research in the Amazon, Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Molecular Evolution, Av. André Araújo 2936, 69083-000, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Vera Maria Fonseca de Almeida-Val
- Brazilian National Institute for Research in the Amazon, Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Molecular Evolution, Av. André Araújo 2936, 69083-000, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
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Chen F, Liu X, Huang S. Asymmetric Wettability Janus Mesh via Electrostatic Printing for Selective Oil-Water and Emulsion Separation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:10676-10684. [PMID: 38736194 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c00623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Janus mesh with two-sided asymmetric wettability shows high potential for selective oil-water and emulsion separation. However, it remains a challenge to construct Janus mesh structures with good stability and extremely asymmetric wettability. Herein, a novel Janus mesh with asymmetric wettability was structured by two different precursors, polydimethylsiloxane/zinc oxide (PDMS/ZnO) and zinc oxide-polyacrylonitrile/N,N-dimethylformamide (ZnO-PAN/DMF), by electrostatic printing, including electrostatic air spraying and electrostatic spinning. The prepared Janus mesh has special micro-nanostructures on two sides, including PDMS@ZnO and ZnO@PAN. On the basis of gravity, when the placement direction is changed, Janus mesh can effectively separate oil-water mixtures of different densities and surfactant-stabilized oil-water emulsions. Meanwhile, the obtained Janus mesh exhibited good separation efficiency (>96.3%) for various oil-water mixtures, and the flux was up to 2621 ± 30 L m-2 h-1. The Janus mesh was cycled 20 times with no weakening in separation efficiency, indicating satisfactory cycling stability. The Janus mesh displayed good stability under harsh conditions (acidic, alkaline, and high temperature). The Janus mesh can realize low energy input and long-lasting oil-water separation, which has widespread application prospects in intelligent oil-water separation. This top-down electrostatic printing strategy provides a way to construct Janus interface materials with practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengjun Chen
- School of Intelligent Manufacturing and Electronic Engineering, Wenzhou University of Technology, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Research Center for High Efficiency Grinding, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for High Efficiency Grinding, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Huang
- National Engineering Research Center for High Efficiency Grinding, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, People's Republic of China
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Sbragio R, Filho OR, Martins MR. Methodology for the estimation of an oil spill origin: Analysis of the 2019 Brazilian coast oil spill. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 197:115676. [PMID: 37897965 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
This research presents a procedure for determining the origin of marine pollution through the use of a time-direct trajectory modeling, associated with a Kriging metamodel technique and Monte Carlo random sampling. These methods were applied to a real case, specifically the oil spill that affected the Brazilian coast in the second half of 2019 and early 2020. A total of 140 trajectories, defined by the geographical coordinates of the origin and the spill date, were generated through Latin Hypercube Sampling and simulated using the PyGNOME model to construct the Kriging metamodel. The metamodel demonstrated cost-effectiveness by efficiently simulating numerous input data combinations which were compared and optimized based on available real data regarding temporal and spatial pollution distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Sbragio
- University of São Paulo, Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering Department, Analysis, Evaluation and Risk Management Laboratory - LabRisco, Av. Prof. Mello Moraes, 2231, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo 05508-030, SP, Brazil.
| | | | - Marcelo Ramos Martins
- University of São Paulo, Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering Department, Analysis, Evaluation and Risk Management Laboratory - LabRisco, Av. Prof. Mello Moraes, 2231, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo 05508-030, SP, Brazil.
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Menezes N, Cruz I, da Rocha GO, de Andrade JB, Leão ZMAN. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in coral reefs with a focus on Scleractinian corals: A systematic overview. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 877:162868. [PMID: 36934938 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The impact of petroleum exploitation and oil spills in marine ecosystems has increased over time. Among the concerns regarding these events, the impact on coral reefs stand out because this ecosystem has ecological and economic importance and is globally threatened. We performed a systematic review and bibliometric analysis of studies that determine polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in coral reefs, attempting to answer how the studies were distributed around the globe, the main environmental matrices and species of coral studied, the main PAHs found and their mean concentrations, and the methodology used. A bibliographic search resulted in 42 studies with worldwide distribution. The bibliometric results presented more explored terms, such as sediments and toxicology, and newly investigated terms, which should encourage a new area of study, such as those related to zooxanthellae and mucus. The main matrices studied in coral reefs are sediments, corals, and water, whereas air and other invertebrates have rarely been studied. Approximately 45 species of corals with several morphotypes have been reported. PAHs recommended by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) were analyzed in all studies, while additional compounds were analyzed in only five. The methods used to determine hydrocarbons are predominantly the most traditional; however, for corals, studies have tended to separate tissue, zooxanthellae, skeleton, and mucus. In the future, we recommend investment in improving the capacity to detect non-conventional PAHs, more studies in regions that are rarely explored in developing countries, and the creation of databases to facilitate management planning on marine coasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália Menezes
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Energia e Ambiente - INCT, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40170-115, Salvador, BA, Brazil; Centro Interdisciplinar em Energia e Ambiente - CIEnAm, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40170-115 Salvador, BA, Brazil.
| | - Igor Cruz
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Energia e Ambiente - INCT, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40170-115, Salvador, BA, Brazil; Laboratory of Biological Oceanography, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Department of Oceanography, Institute of Geosciences, Barão de Jeremoabo Street, Ondina, Salvador 40210-340, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Gisele O da Rocha
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Energia e Ambiente - INCT, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40170-115, Salvador, BA, Brazil; Centro Interdisciplinar em Energia e Ambiente - CIEnAm, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40170-115 Salvador, BA, Brazil; Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40170-115 Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Jailson B de Andrade
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Energia e Ambiente - INCT, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40170-115, Salvador, BA, Brazil; Centro Interdisciplinar em Energia e Ambiente - CIEnAm, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40170-115 Salvador, BA, Brazil; Centro Universitário SENAI-CIMATEC, 41650-110 Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Zelinda M A N Leão
- Laboratory of Coral Reefs and Global Changes-RECOR, Institute of Geosciences, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Barão de Jeremoabo Street, Ondina, Salvador 40210-340, Bahia, Brazil
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Soares MO, Rabelo EF. Severe ecological impacts caused by one of the worst orphan oil spills worldwide. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 187:105936. [PMID: 36958200 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.105936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Orphan oil spills pose a severe risk to ocean sustainability; however, they are understudied. We provide the first synthetic assessment of short-term ecological impacts of the most extensive oil spill in tropical oceans, which affected 2900 km of Brazil's coastline in 2019. Oil ingestion, changes in sex ratio and size of animals, morphological abnormalities of larvae and eggs, mutagenic, behavioral, and morphological alterations, contamination by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and mortality were detected. A decrease in species richness and abundance of oil-sensitive animals, an increase in opportunistic and oil-tolerant organisms, and simplification of communities was observed. The impacts were observed in sponges, corals, mollusks, crustaceans, polychaetes, echinoderms, turtles, birds, fish, and mammals. The majority of studies were conducted on bioindicator substrate-associated organisms, with 68.4% of the studies examining the benthos, 21.2% the nekton, and 10.4% the plankton. Moreover, most of the current short-term impacts assessment studies were focused on the species level (66.7%), with fewer studies on the community level (19%), and even fewer on oil-affected ecosystems (14.3%). Oil-related impacts were detected in five sensitive habitats, including blue-carbon ecosystems (e.g., mangroves and seagrass beds) and coastal reefs. These results call for the development of new ocean-basin observation systems for orphan spills. Finally, we discuss how these mysterious oil spills from unknown sources pose a risk to sustainable development goals and ocean-based actions to tackle global climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo O Soares
- Instituto de Ciências do Mar (LABOMAR), Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, Brazil; Reef Systems Group, Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research (ZMT), Bremen, Germany; Center for Marine and Environmental Studies (CMES), University of the Virgin Islands, St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands.
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Souza Vidal de Negreiros AC, Lins ID, Souto Maior CB, José das Chagas Moura M. Oil spills characteristics, detection, and recovery methods: A systematic risk-based view. J Loss Prev Process Ind 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jlp.2022.104912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Santana JL, Rios AS, Calado TCS, Zanardi-Lamardo E, Souza-Filho JF. Reef crab population changes after oil spill disaster reach Brazilian tropical environments. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 183:114047. [PMID: 36029584 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The oil spill that reached Brazilian Coast in 2019 was one of the most extensive disasters and its effects on distinct species are still under investigation. This study evaluated the effects of the oil spill on the crab Pachygrapsus transversus in four reef areas in Northeast of Brazil that are also under different levels of chronic anthropogenic impacts. Changes in population aspects were investigated including maturity, sex ratio, and relative growth considering periods before and after the oil spill. An acute decrease in the number of females captured in areas most affected by oil spill was evident and may be associated with the closure of burrows used for protection. Crabs from the most touristic area presented a decrease in the medium size of carapace and maturation compared to crabs from other less visited areas, which highlights the importance of studying the effects of impacts on marine fauna.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julianna L Santana
- Laboratório de Carcinologia - Museu de Oceanografia Petrônio Alves Coelho, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (MOUFPE), Av. Arquitetura, s/n, Cidade Universitária, 50740-550 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; Laboratório de Compostos Orgânicos em Ecossistemas Costeiros e Marinhos (OrganoMAR) - Departamento de Oceanografia, Av. Arquitetura, s/n, Cidade Universitária, 50740-550 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Aline S Rios
- Laboratório de Carcinologia - Museu de Oceanografia Petrônio Alves Coelho, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (MOUFPE), Av. Arquitetura, s/n, Cidade Universitária, 50740-550 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; Laboratório de Biologia de Crustáceos - Departamento de Zoologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Professor Moraes Rego, 1235 - Cidade Universitária, 50670-901 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Tereza Cristina S Calado
- Laboratório de Carcinologia - Laboratórios Integrados de Ciências do Mar e Naturais, Universidade Federal de Alagoas (LABMAR/UFAL), Rua Aristeu de Andrade, 452, Farol, 57021-090 Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Eliete Zanardi-Lamardo
- Laboratório de Compostos Orgânicos em Ecossistemas Costeiros e Marinhos (OrganoMAR) - Departamento de Oceanografia, Av. Arquitetura, s/n, Cidade Universitária, 50740-550 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Jesser F Souza-Filho
- Laboratório de Carcinologia - Museu de Oceanografia Petrônio Alves Coelho, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (MOUFPE), Av. Arquitetura, s/n, Cidade Universitária, 50740-550 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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Ferreira BMP, Bonfim CVDO, Raposo IPA, Quinamo TS, Campos LHRDE. Socio-environmental disasters and their impacts: socioeconomic consequences of the oil spill in the northeast region of Brazil. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2022; 94:e20210399. [PMID: 35730896 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202220210399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The 2019 oil spill was the biggest in Brazilian history. Oil was found along more than 3,000 km of the Brazilian coastline, mainly in the Northeast, in more than 1,000 localities. This article analyzes the disaster's damage using a sample of interviewers who were impacted - fishers, tourism and beach hawkers - distributed along 40 of the affected municipalities in the Northeast Region of Brazil. The socio-economic indicators obtained by the research show that the impacts were not homogeneous between the segments and cities researched. Localities specialized in tourism and with a workforce relatively more specialized in fishing were the most affected. Accordingly, the populations of fishers and beach hawkers suffered the most severe impacts in terms of income reduction and the sale of products. These agents report a negative impact of the disaster on their work activities of 73% (fishers) and 65% (beach vendors), while the lodging and food sectors reported losses in about 38% of the cases. The interviewees' health indicators demonstrated that the volunteers at the oil spill clean- up suffered damage due to the exposure experienced, evidencing the public health emergency dimension of the disaster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz M P Ferreira
- Fundação Joaquim Nabuco, Diretoria de Pesquisas Sociais, Ed. Anexo Anísio Teixeira, Rua Dois Irmãos, 92, Apipucos, 52071-440 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Cristine V DO Bonfim
- Fundação Joaquim Nabuco, Diretoria de Pesquisas Sociais, Ed. Anexo Anísio Teixeira, Rua Dois Irmãos, 92, Apipucos, 52071-440 Recife, PE, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Hospital das Clínicas, Bloco E, 4° andar, Av. Moraes Rego, s/n, Cidade Universitária, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Isabel P A Raposo
- Fundação Joaquim Nabuco, Diretoria de Pesquisas Sociais, Ed. Anexo Anísio Teixeira, Rua Dois Irmãos, 92, Apipucos, 52071-440 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Tarcisio S Quinamo
- Fundação Joaquim Nabuco, Diretoria de Pesquisas Sociais, Ed. Anexo Anísio Teixeira, Rua Dois Irmãos, 92, Apipucos, 52071-440 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Luís Henrique R DE Campos
- Fundação Joaquim Nabuco, Diretoria de Pesquisas Sociais, Ed. Anexo Anísio Teixeira, Rua Dois Irmãos, 92, Apipucos, 52071-440 Recife, PE, Brazil
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Andrade S, Gomes G, Freitas S, Dias V, Silva B, Viana D, Winger PD, Hazin F, Oliveira P. The first baseline of ALDFG generated by the artisanal fishery during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on the north coast of Pernambuco, Brazil. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 177:113470. [PMID: 35245765 PMCID: PMC8872826 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
To prevent the spread of the COVID-19 contagion, some regions of Brazil implemented a prohibition of beach use, which contributed to a reduction of artisanal fishing activity. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of these beach closures on the incidence of abandoned, lost, or discarded fishing gear (ALDFG) along four beaches located on the northern coast of Pernambuco, Brazil. The absolute and relative frequency of occurrence and the number of observations per unit of effort (OPUE) between the periods before and after the prohibition period were analyzed. A total of 1935 fishing gear residues were found (63% before and 37% after prohibition). There was also a significant reduction in OPUE and in absolute frequency (p < 0.05) between these two periods. Although beach closures appear to have contributed to a reduction in the amount of ALDFG in the region, it does not indicate a complete pause in fishing activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidney Andrade
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Departamento de Pesca e Aquicultura, Rua D. Manuel de Medeiros, sn, Dois irmãos, CEP 52171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil; Fisheries and Marine Institute, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 155 Ridge Rd., St. John's, NL A1C 5R3, Canada.
| | - Gabriella Gomes
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Departamento de Pesca e Aquicultura, Rua D. Manuel de Medeiros, sn, Dois irmãos, CEP 52171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Sindy Freitas
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Departamento de Oceanografia, Av. Arquitetura, s/n. Cidade Universitária, CEP 50740-550 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Victor Dias
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Departamento de Pesca e Aquicultura, Rua D. Manuel de Medeiros, sn, Dois irmãos, CEP 52171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Bruno Silva
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Departamento de Pesca e Aquicultura, Rua D. Manuel de Medeiros, sn, Dois irmãos, CEP 52171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Danielle Viana
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Departamento de Pesca e Aquicultura, Rua D. Manuel de Medeiros, sn, Dois irmãos, CEP 52171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Paul D Winger
- Fisheries and Marine Institute, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 155 Ridge Rd., St. John's, NL A1C 5R3, Canada
| | - Fábio Hazin
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Departamento de Pesca e Aquicultura, Rua D. Manuel de Medeiros, sn, Dois irmãos, CEP 52171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Paulo Oliveira
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Departamento de Pesca e Aquicultura, Rua D. Manuel de Medeiros, sn, Dois irmãos, CEP 52171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil
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Soares MO, Teixeira CEP, Bezerra LEA, Rabelo EF, Castro IB, Cavalcante RM. The most extensive oil spill registered in tropical oceans (Brazil): the balance sheet of a disaster. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:19869-19877. [PMID: 35061174 PMCID: PMC8776981 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-18710-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This article presents a synthesis of information about the massive oil spill in Brazil (2019/2020). The event affected 11 states; however, the majority of the oil residue was collected (~ 5380 tons) near nine states (99.8%) in northeastern Brazil. This spill was not the largest in volume (between 5000 m3 and 12,000 m3) recorded in tropical oceans, but it was the most extensive (2890 km). This spill develops an overwashed tar that remains mostly in the undersurface drift (non-floating oil plume) below 17 m of depth while on the continental shelf. Ten ecosystems were impacted, with potentially more severe effects in mangroves and seagrasses. Certain negative effects are still understudied, such as effects on tropical reefs and rhodolith beds. A total of 57 protected areas in seven management categories were affected, most of which (60%) were characterized as multiple-use regions. The spill affected at least 34 threatened species, with impacts detected on plankton and benthic communities. Acute impacts were reported on echinoderms, coral symbionts, polychaetes, and sponges with evidence of oil ingestion. Socioeconomic impacts were detected in food security, public health, lodging, gender equality, tourism, and fishing, with reduced sales, prices, tourist attractiveness, gross domestic product, and employment. Moreover, chemical contamination was detected in some states by toxic metals (Hg, As, Cd, Pb, and Zn) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (acenaphthalene, fluoranthene, fluorene, naphthalene, and phenanthrene). This summary aims to aid in the design of science-based strategies to understand the impacts and develop strategies for the most extensive spill observed in tropical oceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Oliveira Soares
- Instituto de Ciências Do Mar (LABOMAR), Universidade Federal Do Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, Brazil.
- Reef Systems Group, Leibniz Center for Tropical Marine Research (ZMT), Bremen, Germany.
| | | | | | | | - Italo Braga Castro
- Instituto Do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos, Brazil
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12
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Lira ALDO, Craveiro N, da Silva FF, Rosa Filho JS. Effects of contact with crude oil and its ingestion by the symbiotic polychaete Branchiosyllis living in sponges (Cinachyrella sp.) following the 2019 oil spill on the tropical coast of Brazil. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 801:149655. [PMID: 34419904 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In August 2019, thousands of tons of crude oil from an unidentified source began washing up on the Brazilian coast, causing the most severe environmental disaster that has ever impacted the South Atlantic Ocean. Paiva beach, which has some of the best-preserved tropical coral reefs on the Brazilian coast, was one of the coastal environments most severely affected by this oil. We report on the impact of the disaster on the local population of the symbiotic polychaete Branchiosyllis spp. associated with the sponge Cinachyrella sp. Following the oil spill sponges were found with oil stains on their surface and in their channels, and oil droplets were identified among the grains of the sediment accumulated within these channels. During this same period, the polychaetes in sponges had oil droplets on the surface of the body or in their pharynxes. Solubility tests using mineral oil and Raman spectra indicated that these oil droplets, found in both the sponges and the polychaetes, had similar chemical characteristics to those of the crude oil that washed up on the beach. Following the disaster, the abundance of Branchiosyllis declined sharply, although there was no significant shift in the mean size of individuals. By December 2019, the density of polychaetes was significantly lower than in the preceding months (107.9 ± 28.31 ind.10 mL-1 of sponge in August 2019 vs. 18.62 ± 35.48 ind.10 mL-1 of sponge in December 2019). This abrupt reduction in abundance with no change in the mean size of the individuals indicates that mortality affected all size (age) classes similarly, which is typical of anthropogenic impacts rather than natural mortality. It is thus clear that the contamination of polychaetes with crude oil increased mortality, causing a significant reduction in the Branchiosyllis populations of the coral reefs of Paiva beach following the 2019 oil spill.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anny Laura de Oliveira Lira
- LaBen, Departamento de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil.
| | - Nykon Craveiro
- LaBen, Departamento de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil
| | - Fausthon Fred da Silva
- LCCQS, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Campus Universitário I, S/N, João Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil
| | - José Souto Rosa Filho
- LaBen, Departamento de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil.
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13
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Carregosa JC, Santos IRD, Sá MSDE, Santos JM, Wisniewski A. Multiple reaction monitoring tool applied in the geochemical investigation of a mysterious oil spill in northeast Brazil. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2021; 93:e20210171. [PMID: 34909826 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202120210171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2019, much of the northeastern coast of Brazil was impacted by a mysterious oil spill that caused an environmental disaster affecting 1009 beaches. Four samples were collected in the beaches between Sergipe and Pernambuco for geochemical characterization of the spilled oil and to compare with those main produced in Sergipe-Alagoas basin. Our approach in this evaluation was the use of a highly selective technique of sequential mass spectrometry by multiple reaction monitoring, to obtain the diagnostic ratios of hopanes and steranes biomarkers. Using these biomarkers ratios associated with multivariate statistical analysis, we found direct correlation between the spilled oil collected along the northeastern coast and no relationship between Sergipe-Alagoas basin crude oils was found. Furthermore, reported data for oils from Orinoco belt in Venezuelan basins were used for qualitative evaluation considering the indicative aspects suggested by the literature. Presence of highly specific biomarker 18α(H)-oleanane, and five other important diagnostic ratios evidenced correlation between the spilled oil and Naricual formation crude oils. Besides, due to the oleanane index, Ayacucho's crude oil presented the strongest factor of correlation with the spilled oil found on the northeast coast of Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhonattas C Carregosa
- Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Grupo de Pesquisa em Petróleo e Energia da Biomassa (PEB), Departamento de Química, Av. Marechal Rondon, s/n, 49100-000 São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
| | - Ignes R Dos Santos
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Grupo de Pesquisa em Petróleo, Energia e Espectrometria de Massas (PEM), Departamento de Química, Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, 52171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Mirele S DE Sá
- Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Grupo de Pesquisa em Petróleo e Energia da Biomassa (PEB), Departamento de Química, Av. Marechal Rondon, s/n, 49100-000 São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
| | - Jandyson M Santos
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Grupo de Pesquisa em Petróleo, Energia e Espectrometria de Massas (PEM), Departamento de Química, Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, 52171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Alberto Wisniewski
- Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Grupo de Pesquisa em Petróleo e Energia da Biomassa (PEB), Departamento de Química, Av. Marechal Rondon, s/n, 49100-000 São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
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14
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Gusmao JB, Albergaria-Barbosa ACR, Kikuchi RKP, Combi T. The barnacle Chthamalus bisinuatus is the only sessile invertebrate colonizing oil patches on beachrocks one year after a massive oil spill on the Northeastern Brazilian coast. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 173:112952. [PMID: 34536707 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A large-scale oil spill has reached over 3000 km of the NE Brazilian coast since August 2019. The cause and origin of this spill remain mysterious, and the impacts on coastal ecosystems have not been clearly understood so far. Despite the efforts to remove the oil (mainly from local communities), oil stains are still present in beaches, mangroves, and beachrocks. In this short report, we describe the occurrence of the barnacle Chthamalus bisinuatus Pilsbry, 1916 colonizing oil spill stains on intertidal surfaces of beachrocks one year after the first oil records. We quickly assessed oil stains across three different reefs located at the Conde municipality, Bahia (NE Brazil), where the species was identified and its density on oil stains calculated. The occurrence of barnacles in oil stains was restricted to zones in the wake of the reefs. Their densities varied from 0 to 238 ind./dm2, with an average of 34 ± 68 ind./dm2. If we account for dead individuals (empty barnacle plates), they correspond to 25.9% of the sampled population. The presence of oil possibly affected barnacle survival rates but did not seem to prevent barnacle individuals from reaching adult sizes. We also found individuals of the snail Echinolittorina lineolata (d'Orbigny, 1840) crawling on these barnacles, indicating that the barnacle assemblages on oil stains are stable enough to provide refuge for these snails. It is not clear if the presence of barnacles on oil reflects the resistance of these crustaceans to the oil toxicity or is just a result of a low substrate selectivity by the cypris larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joao Bosco Gusmao
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geoquímica: Petróleo e Meio Ambiente (POSPETRO), Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal da Bahia (IGEO/UFBA), Bahia 40170-020, Brazil.
| | - Ana C R Albergaria-Barbosa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geoquímica: Petróleo e Meio Ambiente (POSPETRO), Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal da Bahia (IGEO/UFBA), Bahia 40170-020, Brazil; Departamento de Oceanografia, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal da Bahia (IGEO/UFBA), Bahia 40170-020, Brazil
| | - Ruy Kenji P Kikuchi
- Departamento de Oceanografia, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal da Bahia (IGEO/UFBA), Bahia 40170-020, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geologia, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal da Bahia (IGEO/UFBA), Bahia 40170-020, Brazil
| | - Tatiane Combi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geoquímica: Petróleo e Meio Ambiente (POSPETRO), Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal da Bahia (IGEO/UFBA), Bahia 40170-020, Brazil; Departamento de Oceanografia, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal da Bahia (IGEO/UFBA), Bahia 40170-020, Brazil.
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15
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Zacharias DC, Gama CM, Harari J, da Rocha RP, Fornaro A. Mysterious oil spill on the Brazilian coast - Part 2: A probabilistic approach to fill gaps of uncertainties. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 173:113085. [PMID: 34710672 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.113085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Over 5000 tons of spilled oil reached the northeast coast of Brazil in 2019. The Laboratory for Computational Methods in Engineering (LAMCE/COPPE/UFRJ) employed time-reverse modeling and identify multiple potential source areas. As time-reverse modeling has many uncertainties, this article carried out a methodology study to mitigate them. A probabilistic modeling using Monte Carlo approach was developed to test these source areas with the Spill, Transport, and Fate Model (STFM) and a scenario tree methodology was used to select possible spill scenarios. To estimate the performance of Lagrangian models, two new model performance evaluations were added to Chang and Hanna (2004). The combination of probabilistic simulations, scenario tree analysis, and model performance evaluation proved to be a powerful tool for mitigating the uncertainties of time-reverse modeling, yielding good results and simple implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Constantino Zacharias
- Departamento de Ciências Atmosféricas, Instituto de Astronomia, Geofísica e Ciências Atmosféricas, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 1226, São Paulo, SP 05508-090, Brazil.
| | - Carine Malagolini Gama
- Departamento de Ciências Atmosféricas, Instituto de Astronomia, Geofísica e Ciências Atmosféricas, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 1226, São Paulo, SP 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Joseph Harari
- Departamento de Oceanografia Física, Química e Geológica, Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Rosmeri Porfirio da Rocha
- Departamento de Ciências Atmosféricas, Instituto de Astronomia, Geofísica e Ciências Atmosféricas, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 1226, São Paulo, SP 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Adalgiza Fornaro
- Departamento de Ciências Atmosféricas, Instituto de Astronomia, Geofísica e Ciências Atmosféricas, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 1226, São Paulo, SP 05508-090, Brazil
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16
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Marinho C, Nicolodi JL, Neto JA. Environmental vulnerability to oil spills in Itapuã State Park, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil: An approach using two-dimensional numerical simulation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 288:117872. [PMID: 34375197 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The growing use of coastal areas for different economic purposes is responsible for increasing pollution by hydrocarbons in marine environments. As a consequence of these activities, accidents during fuel extraction, transport, and storage can occur, causing intense environmental degradation. Numerical modeling of the trajectory of oil stains becomes an important tool with low operational costs, providing powerful support to the government agencies in charge of risk management associated with possible oil accidents, by helping to generate scenarios and strategies for containment and cleaning of affected environments. In this sense, the aim of this study is to estimate environmental vulnerability to oil at beaches located in the Itapuã State Park (PEI), a Protection Conservation Unit. This work focused on describing a methodology to estimate the vulnerability of coastal areas, with emphasis on the fact that the study was carried out in a closed environment. For that, an approach was used based on the integration of: (1) an intrinsic variable to the environment; (2) a dynamic variable determined through diesel oil surface dispersion scenarios. Four hypothetical accident scenarios with 20 m³ of diesel oil were simulated in 2018, during five days of simulations with instant dumping in the navigation channel of the local waterway near the PEI. The results suggest the forcing of the field of intensity and direction of the local winds as preponderant for the dynamics of movement and structure of the spots, with the zonal and meridional components of the fields of superficial currents acting in this process as a secondary factor. The study showed that all beaches in the park are susceptible to contact with oil throughout the simulated year, with Pombas Beach, Pedreira Beach, and Onça Beach being affected in all simulated scenarios, which classifies them as very high vulnerability and defines them as priority protection areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chayonn Marinho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Oceanologia, Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Av. Itália, Km 8, CEP 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.
| | - João Luiz Nicolodi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Gerenciamento Costeiro, Instituto de Oceanologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Av. Itália, Km 8, CEP 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.
| | - Jorge Arigony Neto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Oceanologia, Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Av. Itália, Km 8, CEP 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.
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da Silveira Maranhão F, Gomes F, Thode S, Das DB, Pereira E, Lima N, Carvalho F, Aboelkheir M, Costa V, Pal K. Oil Spill Sorber Based on Extrinsically Magnetizable Porous Geopolymer. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14195641. [PMID: 34640038 PMCID: PMC8510211 DOI: 10.3390/ma14195641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Environmental impacts are increasingly due to the human polluting activities. Therefore, there is a need to develop technologies capable of removing contamination and driving the impacted environment as close as possible to its inherent characteristics. One of the major problems still faced is the spill of oil into water. Therefore, to solve the environmental problem, this work shows the use of magnetically modified geopolymer materials as an oil remover from water with a magnet’s aid. The results obtained were outstanding since the average intrinsic oil removal capability (IORC) was 150 g/g. The presented IORC is the largest found in the materials produced by our research group, constituting an extremely encouraging result, mainly because of the ease of preparing the magnetic geopolymer system. Furthermore, the low cost of production and the material’s capability to be reused as filler of polymer or even cementitious matrices allows us to project that this nanocomposite can be widely used, constituting an economically viable alternative for more efficient environmental recovery processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabíola da Silveira Maranhão
- Instituto de Macromoléculas, Professora Eloisa Mano, Centro de Tecnologia-Cidade Universitária, Av. Horacio Macedo, 2030, Bloco J. Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-598, RJ, Brazil; (F.d.S.M.); (E.P.); (N.L.); (F.C.); (V.C.); (K.P.)
| | - Fernando Gomes
- Instituto de Macromoléculas, Professora Eloisa Mano, Centro de Tecnologia-Cidade Universitária, Av. Horacio Macedo, 2030, Bloco J. Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-598, RJ, Brazil; (F.d.S.M.); (E.P.); (N.L.); (F.C.); (V.C.); (K.P.)
- Programa de Engenharia da Nanotecnologia, COPPE, Centro de Tecnologia-Cidade Universitária, Av. Horacio Macedo, 2030, Bloco I. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-594, RJ, Brazil
- Correspondence:
| | - Sérgio Thode
- Núcleo de Monitoramento Ambiental, Instituto Federal de Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio de Janeiro, Av. República do Paraguai, 120, Vila Sarapui, Duque de Caxias 25050-100, RJ, Brazil;
| | - Diganta B. Das
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE113TU, Leicestershire, UK;
| | - Emiliane Pereira
- Instituto de Macromoléculas, Professora Eloisa Mano, Centro de Tecnologia-Cidade Universitária, Av. Horacio Macedo, 2030, Bloco J. Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-598, RJ, Brazil; (F.d.S.M.); (E.P.); (N.L.); (F.C.); (V.C.); (K.P.)
| | - Nathali Lima
- Instituto de Macromoléculas, Professora Eloisa Mano, Centro de Tecnologia-Cidade Universitária, Av. Horacio Macedo, 2030, Bloco J. Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-598, RJ, Brazil; (F.d.S.M.); (E.P.); (N.L.); (F.C.); (V.C.); (K.P.)
| | - Fernanda Carvalho
- Instituto de Macromoléculas, Professora Eloisa Mano, Centro de Tecnologia-Cidade Universitária, Av. Horacio Macedo, 2030, Bloco J. Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-598, RJ, Brazil; (F.d.S.M.); (E.P.); (N.L.); (F.C.); (V.C.); (K.P.)
| | - Mostafa Aboelkheir
- Programa de Engenharia Civil, Universidade São Judas Tadeu, Rua Taquari, 546, Mooca, São Paulo 03166-000, SP, Brazil;
| | - Vitor Costa
- Instituto de Macromoléculas, Professora Eloisa Mano, Centro de Tecnologia-Cidade Universitária, Av. Horacio Macedo, 2030, Bloco J. Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-598, RJ, Brazil; (F.d.S.M.); (E.P.); (N.L.); (F.C.); (V.C.); (K.P.)
| | - Kaushik Pal
- Instituto de Macromoléculas, Professora Eloisa Mano, Centro de Tecnologia-Cidade Universitária, Av. Horacio Macedo, 2030, Bloco J. Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-598, RJ, Brazil; (F.d.S.M.); (E.P.); (N.L.); (F.C.); (V.C.); (K.P.)
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Magalhães KM, Barros KVDS, Lima MCSD, Rocha-Barreira CDA, Rosa Filho JS, Soares MDO. Oil spill + COVID-19: A disastrous year for Brazilian seagrass conservation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 764:142872. [PMID: 33127134 PMCID: PMC7568772 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has been the greatest global public health threat of the 21st century. Additionally, it has been challenging for the Brazilian shores that were recently (2019/2020) affected by the most extensive oil spill in the tropical oceans. Monitoring programs and studies about the economic, social and ecological consequences of the oil disaster were being carried out when the COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic was declared, which has heavily affected Brazil. For Brazilian seagrasses conservation, this scenario is especially challenging. An estimated area of +325 km2 seagrass meadows was affected by the 2019 oil spill. However, this area is undoubtedly underestimated since seagrasses have not yet been adequately mapped along the 9000 km-long Brazilian coast. In addition to scientific budget cuts, the flexibilization of public and environmental policies in recent years and absence of systematic field surveys due to COVID-19 has increased the underestimation of affected seagrass areas and ecosystem service losses due to the oil spill. Efforts to understand and solve the oil spill crisis were forced to stop (or slow down) due to COVID-19 and the economic crisis, leaving ecosystems and society without answers or conditions to identify the source(s) that was/were responsible for this spill, mitigate the damage to poor communities, promote adequate impact assessment or restoration plans, or properly monitor the environment. Our results highlight that pandemic and large-scale environmental disasters may have had a synergistic effect on the economy (e.g., artisanal fisheries and tourism), public health and ecology, mainly due to government inaction, social inequality and poorly studied tropical ecosystems. The results of this study also demonstrate the need to analyze the short- and long-term impacts of the combined effects (oil spill + COVID-19) on the recovery of the economy and coastal ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Matos Magalhães
- Área de Ecologia - Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, R. Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s/n - Dois Irmãos, Recife CEP.52171-900, PE, Brazil; Programa de Pós Graduação em Botânica, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, R. Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s/n - Dois Irmãos, Recife CEP.52171-900, PE, Brazil.
| | - Kcrishna Vilanova de Souza Barros
- Instituto de Ciências do Mar-LABOMAR, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Av. da Abolição, 3207, Meireles, Fortaleza CEP.60.165-081, CE, Brazil
| | - Maria Cecília Santana de Lima
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Botânica, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, R. Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s/n - Dois Irmãos, Recife CEP.52171-900, PE, Brazil
| | - Cristina de Almeida Rocha-Barreira
- Instituto de Ciências do Mar-LABOMAR, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Av. da Abolição, 3207, Meireles, Fortaleza CEP.60.165-081, CE, Brazil
| | - José Souto Rosa Filho
- Departamento de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Arquitetura, s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife CEP. 50740-550, PE, Brazil.
| | - Marcelo de Oliveira Soares
- Instituto de Ciências do Mar-LABOMAR, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Av. da Abolição, 3207, Meireles, Fortaleza CEP.60.165-081, CE, Brazil; (Associated researcher), Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals (ICTA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Carrer de les Columnes, Edifici Z, Barcelona, Spain; (Visiting professor), Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche e Ambientali (DISTEBA), Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy.
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19
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Craveiro N, de Almeida Alves RV, da Silva JM, Vasconcelos E, de Almeida Alves-Junior F, Filho JSR. Immediate effects of the 2019 oil spill on the macrobenthic fauna associated with macroalgae on the tropical coast of Brazil. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 165:112107. [PMID: 33550001 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The 2019-2020 Brazil oil spill disaster affected several ecosystems and species-rich areas. The shallow-water reefs of Paiva beach are among the best-preserved coastal environments in the State of Pernambuco (NE Brazil), but were severely affected by oil arrival at the end of 2019. The reefs are densely covered by macroalgae as important biogenic substrates for benthic fauna. Based on that, herein, we provide a baseline assessment of the immediate impacts of the oil spill on the structure of epifaunal communities associated with the algae Jania capillacea and Penicillus capitatus. The benthic communities in both algae simplified (reduction of species richness and abundance) soon after oil arrival, while opportunistic taxa increased. After two months, the macrofaunal communities restructured to almost pre-disaster levels. However, polychaeta diversity remained low. Despite the apparently fast recovery of reef macrobenthos, a more detailed, long-term monitoring is necessary to evaluate the chronic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nykon Craveiro
- Laboratório de Bentos (LaBen), Departamento de Oceanografia (DOCEAN), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, UFPE, Recife, Brazil.
| | | | - Juliana Menezes da Silva
- Laboratório de Bentos (LaBen), Departamento de Oceanografia (DOCEAN), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, UFPE, Recife, Brazil
| | - Edson Vasconcelos
- Laboratório de Macroalgas (LaMacro), Departamento de Oceanografia (DOCEAN), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, UFPE, Recife, Brazil
| | | | - José Souto Rosa Filho
- Laboratório de Bentos (LaBen), Departamento de Oceanografia (DOCEAN), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, UFPE, Recife, Brazil
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20
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Zacharias DC, Gama CM, Fornaro A. Mysterious oil spill on Brazilian coast: Analysis and estimates. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 165:112125. [PMID: 33582423 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In 2019-2020, a mysterious oil spill reached a large part of the Brazilian coast. In order to contribute to the clarification part of these mysteries involving this accident, the present study aims to estimate the initial volume spilled using the STFM (Spill, Transport and Fate Model). We started from the hypothesis that the leak was caused by tanker buoyancy problems (hull rupture or engine failure), resulting in slow loss of part of its cargo (leaking or dumping) in the subsurface waters. The estimated volume (5000-12,500 m3) was similar to that expected in a continuous leak from an internal compartment tanker with the size between PANAMAX and SUEZMAX. This volume may have been the largest oil spill on the Brazilian coast since 2004, and it caused institutional and socioeconomic crisis because of the poor management of public resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Constantino Zacharias
- Departamento de Ciências Atmosféricas, Instituto de Astronomia, Geofísica e Ciências Atmosféricas, Universidade de São Paulo, IAG/USP, Rua do Matão, 1226, São Paulo, SP 05508-090, Brazil.
| | - Carine Malagolini Gama
- Departamento de Ciências Atmosféricas, Instituto de Astronomia, Geofísica e Ciências Atmosféricas, Universidade de São Paulo, IAG/USP, Rua do Matão, 1226, São Paulo, SP 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Adalgiza Fornaro
- Departamento de Ciências Atmosféricas, Instituto de Astronomia, Geofísica e Ciências Atmosféricas, Universidade de São Paulo, IAG/USP, Rua do Matão, 1226, São Paulo, SP 05508-090, Brazil
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21
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de Oliveira Estevo M, Lopes PFM, de Oliveira Júnior JGC, Junqueira AB, de Oliveira Santos AP, da Silva Lima JA, Malhado ACM, Ladle RJ, Campos-Silva JV. Immediate social and economic impacts of a major oil spill on Brazilian coastal fishing communities. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 164:111984. [PMID: 33517088 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.111984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In August 2019, a major oil spill hit nine Brazilian coastal states, affecting marine ecosystems and fishing communities. In this study, we assess the immediate social and economic impacts of this oil spill on fishing communities of the northeast coast. We conducted semi-structured interviews and focal meetings with 381 fishers and shellfish gatherers to understand the perceived socioeconomic impacts on different types of fishing. We also obtained information on fish consumption after the oil spill, which we compared with data prior to the oil spill from the same communities. Sales decreased by more than 50% for all types of fishing, strongly impacting local income generation. These communities, which are already social-ecologically vulnerable, have had their subsistence, food security and cultural maintenance strongly compromised. We argue that there is a clear need for coordinated state interventions to mitigation the impacts, considering it's environmental, social, economic, human health and political dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana de Oliveira Estevo
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Alagoas, Maceió 57072-900, AL, Brazil.
| | - Priscila F M Lopes
- Departamento de Ecologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | | | - André Braga Junqueira
- Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Paula de Oliveira Santos
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Alagoas, Maceió 57072-900, AL, Brazil; Associação de Jangadeiros Artesanais do Município de Barra de Santo Antônio - AJAMBASA, Barra de Santo Antônio, AL, Brazil
| | - Johnny Antonio da Silva Lima
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Alagoas, Maceió 57072-900, AL, Brazil; Colonia de Pescadores Santo Amaro-21, Paripueira, AL, Brazil
| | - Ana Claudia Mendes Malhado
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Alagoas, Maceió 57072-900, AL, Brazil
| | - Richard J Ladle
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Alagoas, Maceió 57072-900, AL, Brazil; ERA Chair in Tropical Biodiversity and Ecosystems Research, CIBIO, Portugal
| | - João Vitor Campos-Silva
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Alagoas, Maceió 57072-900, AL, Brazil; Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
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22
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Monteiro CB, Oleinik PH, Leal TF, Marques WC, Nicolodi JL, Lopes BDCFL. Integrated environmental vulnerability to oil spills in sensitive areas. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 267:115238. [PMID: 32866859 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
As the typical range of influence of oil spills surrounds urbanised and economically active areas, it is likely that fragile regions may not be part of the most vulnerable zones. This premise is remediated in this paper with the adoption of a vulnerability approach based on the integration of static and dynamic information, such as oil pollution susceptibility. Susceptibility is a poorly consolidated term and is often used as synonym for environmental sensitivity; it is considered here to be the distribution areas of oil slicks. To test the proposed approach, an integrated estimation of environmental vulnerability is carried out for an environmentally sensitive area in the south of Brazil by merging static data inherent to the medium with information of a dynamic nature related to trajectory, behaviour and the fate of oil at sea. Moreover, the oil pollution intensity and environmental sensitivity data in susceptible areas are addressed. Subsequently, the environmental vulnerability is estimated by integrating hazard maps, concentrations and losses of the mass of the oil slick, oil beaching time and the littoral sensitivity index hierarchy. Results will prove to be useful to highlight critical areas for which the highest levels of severity are expected, which can lead to improvements in decision-making processes to support oil-spill prevention, as well as improve response readiness, especially in developing countries that have historically under-protected their sensitive regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Barbosa Monteiro
- Postgraduate Program in Oceanology, Institute of Oceanography, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Wiliam Correa Marques
- Institute of Mathematics, Statistics and Physics, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - João Luiz Nicolodi
- Postgraduate Program in Oceanology, Institute of Oceanography, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
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