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Zheng D, Cui C, Ye C, Shao C, Zha X, Xu Y, Liu X, Wang C. Coenzyme Q10 prevents RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis by promoting autophagy via inactivation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and MAPK pathways. Braz J Med Biol Res 2024; 57:e13474. [PMID: 38716985 PMCID: PMC11085036 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2024e13474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a potent antioxidant that is implicated in the inhibition of osteoclastogenesis, but the underlying mechanism has not been determined. We explored the underlying molecular mechanisms involved in this process. RAW264.7 cells received receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) and CoQ10, after which the differentiation and viability of osteoclasts were assessed. After the cells were treated with CoQ10 and/or H2O2 and RANKL, the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and proteins involved in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and MAPK pathways and autophagy were tested. Moreover, after the cells were pretreated with or without inhibitors of the two pathways or with the mitophagy agonist, the levels of autophagy-related proteins and osteoclast markers were measured. CoQ10 significantly decreased the number of TRAP-positive cells and the level of ROS but had no significant impact on cell viability. The relative phosphorylation levels of PI3K, AKT, mTOR, ERK, and p38 were significantly reduced, but the levels of FOXO3/LC3/Beclin1 were significantly augmented. Moreover, the levels of FOXO3/LC3/Beclin1 were significantly increased by the inhibitors and mitophagy agonist, while the levels of osteoclast markers showed the opposite results. Our data showed that CoQ10 prevented RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis by promoting autophagy via inactivation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and MAPK pathways in RAW264.7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delu Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of
Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui, China
- Hefei Institute of Technology Innovation Engineering, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Chenli Cui
- The Operative Surgery Laboratory, Bengbu Medical University,
Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Chengsong Ye
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of
Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Chen Shao
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of
Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Xiujing Zha
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of
Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of
Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Hefei Institute of Technology Innovation Engineering, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Bengbu
University, Bengbu, Anhui, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Coal Mine Water Hazard
Controlling, Suzhou University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and
Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Can Wang
- Hefei Institute of Technology Innovation Engineering, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Liu Y, Zhou M, Wang R, Liang Y, Zhuang G, Chen X, Luo S, Cai Y, Song C, Liu L, Ma L, Yao W, Liu Y, Cui L. Alleviation of Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis in Rats by Ethanolic Reynoutria multiflora (Thunb.) Moldenke Extract. J Med Food 2024; 27:287-300. [PMID: 38442325 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2023.k.0105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Secondary osteoporosis is frequently due to the use of high-dose glucocorticoids (GCs). The existing strategy for managing glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP) is considered insufficient and remains in a state of ongoing evolution. Therefore, it is crucial to develop more precise and effective agents for the treatment of GIOP. The constituents of Reynoutria multiflora (Thunb.) Moldenke, specifically Polygonum multiflorum (PM) Thunb, have previously shown promise in mitigating osteopenia. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of an ethanolic PM extract (PMR30) against GIOP in male rats. Prednisone (6 mg/kg/day, GC) was continuously administered to rats to induce GIOP, and they were subjected to treatment with or without ethanolic PMR30 for a duration of 120 days. Serum was collected for biochemical marker analysis. Bone histomorphometric, histological, and TUNEL analyses were performed on tibia samples. The protein expressions of LC3, Agt5, and Beclin 1 in the femur underwent examination through western blotting. Prolonged and excessive GC treatment significantly impeded bone formation, concomitant with reduced bone mass and body weight. It also suppressed OCN and OPG/RANKL in serum, and decreased Beclin 1 and LC3 in bone. Simultaneously, there was an elevation in bone resorption markers and apoptosis. Treatments with both high dose and low dose of PMR30 alleviated GIOP, stimulated bone formation, and upregulated OCN and OPG/RANKL, while suppressing TRACP-5b, CTX-I, and apoptosis. The impact of PMR30 possibly involves the enhancement of autophagy proteins (LC3, Agt5, and Beclin 1) and the inhibition of apoptosis within the bone. PMR30 holds promise as a prospective therapeutic agent for preventing and treating GIOP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyu Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drug, Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Manru Zhou
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drug, Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
- Guangdong Vocational Institute of Public Administration, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Chemistry and Pharmacy Experimental Teaching Center, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yuyu Liang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drug, Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Guangjie Zhuang
- The First School of Clinical Medical, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xuelin Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drug, Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Shiying Luo
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drug, Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yuliang Cai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Chuge Song
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Lingna Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drug, Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Luoyang Ma
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drug, Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Weimin Yao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yanzhi Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drug, Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
- Zhanjiang Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Liao Cui
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drug, Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
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3
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Jiang B, Mou YJ, Zhang XM, Lu K, Xie P, Rao YL, Cong ZW, Sun QG. Ziyin Bushen Fang improves Diabetic Osteoporosis by Inhibiting Autophagy and Oxidative Stress In vitro and In vivo. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2024; 27:786-796. [PMID: 38773797 DOI: 10.2174/0113862073261310231113062630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Diabetic osteoporosis (DOP) belongs to the group of diabetes-induced secondary osteoporosis and is the main cause of bone fragility and fractures in many patients with diabetes. The aim of this study was to determine whether Ziyin Bushen Fang (ZYBSF) can improve DOP by inhibiting autophagy and oxidative stress. METHODS Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) was induced in rats using a high-fat high-sugar diet combined with streptozotocin. Micro-CT scanning was used to quantitatively observe changes in the bone microstructure in each group. Changes in the serum metabolites of DOP rats were analyzed using UHPLC-QTOF-MS. The DOP mouse embryonic osteoblast precursor cell model (MC3T3-E1) was induced using high glucose levels. RESULTS After ZYBSF treatment, bone microstructure significantly improved. The bone mineral density, trabecular number, and trabecular thickness in the ZYBSF-M and ZYBSF-H groups significantly increased. After ZYBSF treatment, the femur structure of the rats was relatively intact, collagen fibers were significantly increased, and osteoporosis was significantly improved. A total of 1239 metabolites were upregulated and 1527 were downregulated in the serum of T1DM and ZYBSF-treated rats. A total of 20 metabolic pathways were identified. In cellular experiments, ZYBSF reduced ROS levels and inhibited the protein expression of LC3II / I, Beclin-1, and p-ERK. CONCLUSION ZYBSF may improve DOP by inhibiting the ROS/ERK-induced autophagy signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Jiang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan Third Hospital, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Yan Jie Mou
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan Third Hospital, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Xian Mei Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan Third Hospital, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Kun Lu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan Third Hospital, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Ping Xie
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan Third Hospital, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Yan Ling Rao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan Third Hospital, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Ze Wei Cong
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan Third Hospital, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Qin Guo Sun
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan Third Hospital, Wuhan, 430060, China
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An F, Meng X, Yuan L, Niu Y, Deng J, Li Z, Liu Y, Xia R, Liu S, Yan C. Network regulatory mechanism of ncRNA on the Wnt signaling pathway in osteoporosis. Cell Div 2023; 18:3. [PMID: 36879309 PMCID: PMC9990358 DOI: 10.1186/s13008-023-00086-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-coding RNA (ncRNA) is a type of non-protein-coding RNA molecule transcribed from the genome which performs broad regulation of a variety of biological functions in human cells. The Wnt signaling pathway is highly conserved in multicellular organisms, playing an important role in their growth and development. Increasing evidence suggests that ncRNA can regulate cell biological function, enhance bone metabolism, and maintain normal bone homeostasis by interacting with the Wnt pathway. Studies have also demonstrated that the association of ncRNA with the Wnt pathway may be a potential biomarker for the diagnosis, evaluation of prognosis, and treatment of osteoporosis. The interaction of ncRNA with Wnt also performs an important regulatory role in the occurrence and development of osteoporosis. Targeted therapy of the ncRNA/Wnt axis may ultimately be the preferred choice for the treatment of osteoporosis in the future. The current article reviews the mechanism of the ncRNA/Wnt axis in osteoporosis and reveals the relationship between ncRNA and Wnt, thereby exploring novel molecular targets for the treatment of osteoporosis and providing theoretical scientific guidance for its clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyu An
- Teaching Experiment Training Center, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Xiangrui Meng
- The First Clinical Medical College, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Lingqing Yuan
- School of Basic Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Yanqiang Niu
- The First Clinical Medical College, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Jie Deng
- The First Clinical Medical College, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Zhaohui Li
- The First Clinical Medical College, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Yongqi Liu
- School of Basic Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China.
| | - Ruoliu Xia
- The First Clinical Medical College, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Shiqing Liu
- The First Clinical Medical College, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Chunlu Yan
- School of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China.
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5
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A Review of Signaling Transduction Mechanisms in Osteoclastogenesis Regulation by Autophagy, Inflammation, and Immunity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179846. [PMID: 36077242 PMCID: PMC9456406 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoclastogenesis is an ongoing rigorous course that includes osteoclast precursors fusion and bone resorption executed by degradative enzymes. Osteoclastogenesis is controlled by endogenous signaling and/or regulators or affected by exogenous conditions and can also be controlled both internally and externally. More evidence indicates that autophagy, inflammation, and immunity are closely related to osteoclastogenesis and involve multiple intracellular organelles (e.g., lysosomes and autophagosomes) and certain inflammatory or immunological factors. Based on the literature on osteoclastogenesis induced by different regulatory aspects, emerging basic cross-studies have reported the emerging disquisitive orientation for osteoclast differentiation and function. In this review, we summarize the partial potential therapeutic targets for osteoclast differentiation and function, including the signaling pathways and various cellular processes.
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Barsony J, Xu Q, Verbalis JG. Hyponatremia elicits gene expression changes driving osteoclast differentiation and functions. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2022; 554:111724. [PMID: 35843385 PMCID: PMC10586021 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2022.111724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidence indicates that chronic hyponatremia represents a significant risk for bone loss, osteoporosis, and fractures in our aging population. Our prior studies on a rat model of the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion indicated that chronic hyponatremia causes osteoporosis by increasing osteoclastic bone resorption, thereby liberating stored sodium from bone. Moreover, studies in RAW264.7 pre-osteoclastic cells showed increased osteoclast formation and resorptive activity in response to low extracellular fluid sodium ion concentration (low [Na+]). These studies implicated a direct stimulatory effect of low [Na+] rather than the low osmolality on cultured osteoclastic cells. In the present cellular studies, we explored gene expression changes triggered by low [Na+] using RNA sequencing and gene ontology analysis. Results were confirmed by mouse whole genome microarray, and quantitative RT-PCR. Findings confirmed gene expression changes supporting osteoclast growth and differentiation through stimulation of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL), and PI3K/Akt pathways, and revealed additional pathways. New findings on low [Na+]-induced upregulation of lysosomal genes, mitochondrial energy production, MMP-9 expression, and osteoclast motility have supported the significance of osteoclast transcriptomic responses. Functional assays demonstrated that RANL and low [Na+] independently enhance osteoclast functions. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of hyponatremia-induced osteoporosis provides the basis for future studies identifying sodium-sensing mechanisms in osteoclasts, and potentially other bone cells, and developing strategies for treatment of bone fragility in the vulnerable aging population most affected by both chronic hyponatremia and osteoporosis. ISSUE SECTIONS: Signaling Pathways; Parathyroid, Bone, and Mineral Metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julianna Barsony
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, 20007, USA.
| | - Qin Xu
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, 20007, USA
| | - Joseph G Verbalis
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, 20007, USA
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7
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Jiang C, Wang Y, Zhang M, Xu J. Cholesterol inhibits autophagy in RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation through activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:9217-9229. [PMID: 35881223 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07747-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A dysregulated balance between bone formation and bone resorption controlled by osteoblast and osteoclast will lead to osteoporosis. Cholesterol (CHO) is a crucial factor leading to osteoporosis, and autophagy appears to involve it. Therefore, we aimed to study the molecular mechanism of autophagy in CHO-induced osteoclasts differentiation. METHODS Nuclear factor-κ B ligand as a receptor activator was used to induce osteoclasts differentiation of murine macrophage RAW264.7 treated with CHO, PI3-kinase inhibitor (LY294002), and Rapamycin (RAPA), respectively. Western blot assay was used to detect the expression of TRAP/ACP5 and the proteins involved in autophagy and the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. In addition, TRAP staining, bone resorption assay, and F-actin immunofluorescence were performed to evaluate the ability of osteoclast formation. Transmission electron microscopy and immunofluorescence were also executed to observed the expression of LC3B, and autophagosome. RESULTS When RAW264.7 was treated with 20 μg/mL CHO for 5 consecutive days, It exhibited the optimal osteoclast activity. In addition, CHO could inhibit autophagy and activate the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Moreover, the effects of CHO on osteoclast differentiation and autophagy could partially be reversed by LY294002 and RAPA. CONCLUSION Therefore, our results demonstrated that CHO could inhibit autophagy during osteoclast differentiation by activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. These findings provided important theoretical basis for CHO in bone resorption and formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Clinical Medical Center of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.,Department of Endocrinology, People's Hospital of Linyi, Linyi, Shandong, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Clinical Medical Center of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Mengqi Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Clinical Medical Center of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China. .,Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China. .,Shandong Clinical Medical Center of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong, China. .,Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.
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8
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Guo X, Wu Z. GABARAP ameliorates IL-1β-induced inflammatory responses and osteogenic differentiation in bone marrow-derived stromal cells by activating autophagy. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11561. [PMID: 34078931 PMCID: PMC8172545 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90586-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are the most commonly investigated progenitor cells in bone defect repair and osteoarthritis subchondral bone regeneration; however, these studies are limited by complex inflammatory conditions. In this study, we investigated whether pro-autophagic γ-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein (GABARAP) promotes BMSCs proliferation and osteogenic differentiation by modulating autophagy in the presence or absence of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) in vitro. The expression levels of all relevant factors were evaluated by qRT-PCR or western blotting where appropriate. BMSCs differentiation were assessed by Alizarin Red, alkaline phosphatase, safranin O, and Oil Red O staining. Furthermore, the interactions between autophagy and osteogenic differentiation were investigated by co-treatment with the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA). As the results, we found that treatment with recombinant human His6-GABARAP protein promoted cell proliferation, inhibited apoptosis, and reduced ROS generation by increasing autophagic activity, particularly when co-cultured with IL-1β. Moreover, His6-GABARAP could effectively increase the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. The expression levels of inflammatory factors were significantly decreased by His6-GABARAP treatment, whereas its protective effects were attenuated by 3-MA. This study demonstrates that GABARAP maintains BMSCs survival and strengthens their osteogenic differentiation in an inflammatory environment by upregulating mediators of the autophagy pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Jincheng General Hospital, Jincheng, 048000, China.
| | - Zhenyuan Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Jincheng General Hospital, Jincheng, 048000, China
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9
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Huang C, Li R, Yang C, Ding R, Li Q, Xie D, Zhang R, Qiu Y. PAX8-AS1 knockdown facilitates cell growth and inactivates autophagy in osteoblasts via the miR-1252-5p/GNB1 axis in osteoporosis. Exp Mol Med 2021; 53:894-906. [PMID: 34012023 PMCID: PMC8178389 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-021-00621-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis (OP) is the most common systematic bone disorder among elderly individuals worldwide. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in biological processes in various human diseases. It has been previously revealed that PAX8 antisense RNA 1 (PAX8-AS1) is upregulated in OP. However, its molecular mechanism in OP remains unclear. Therefore, we specifically designed this study to determine the specific role of PAX8-AS1 in OP. We first established a rat model of OP and then detected PAX8-AS1 expression in the rats with RT-qPCR. Next, to explore the biological function of PAX8-AS1 in osteoblasts, in vitro experiments, such as Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assays, flow cytometry, western blotting and immunofluorescence (IF) staining, were conducted. Subsequently, we performed bioinformatic analysis and luciferase reporter assays to predict and identify the relationships between microRNA 1252-5p (miR-1252-5p) and both PAX8-AS1 and G protein subunit beta 1 (GNB1). Additionally, rescue assays in osteoblasts clarified the regulatory network of the PAX8-AS1/miR-1252-5p/GNB1 axis. Finally, in vivo loss-of-function studies verified the role of PAX8-AS1 in OP progression. The results illustrated that PAX8-AS1 was upregulated in the proximal tibia of OP rats. PAX8-AS1 silencing promoted the viability and inhibited the apoptosis and autophagy of osteoblasts. PAX8-AS1 interacted with miR-1252-5p. GNB1 was negatively regulated by miR-1252-5p. In addition, the impacts of PAX8-AS1 knockdown on osteoblasts were counteracted by GNB1 overexpression. PAX8-AS1 depletion suppressed OP progression by inhibiting apoptosis and autophagy in osteoblasts. In summary, PAX8-AS1 suppressed the viability and activated the autophagy of osteoblasts via the miR-1252-5p/GNB1 axis in OP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiqiang Huang
- Division of Spine Surgery, Section II, Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, Southern Medical University, Academy of Orthopedics of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Runguang Li
- Division of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, Southern Medical University, Academy of Orthopedics of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Changsheng Yang
- Division of Spine Surgery, Section II, Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, Southern Medical University, Academy of Orthopedics of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Rui Ding
- Division of Spine Surgery, Section II, Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, Southern Medical University, Academy of Orthopedics of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qingchu Li
- Division of Spine Surgery, Section II, Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, Southern Medical University, Academy of Orthopedics of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Denghui Xie
- Division of Joint Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, Southern Medical University, Academy of Orthopedics of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Rongkai Zhang
- Division of Joint Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, Southern Medical University, Academy of Orthopedics of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yiyan Qiu
- Division of Spine Surgery, Section II, Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, Southern Medical University, Academy of Orthopedics of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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10
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Vakili S, Zal F, Mostafavi-Pour Z, Savardashtaki A, Koohpeyma F. Quercetin and vitamin E alleviate ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis by modulating autophagy and apoptosis in rat bone cells. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:3495-3509. [PMID: 33030247 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is the most prevalent metabolic bone disease and one of the most important postmenopausal consequences. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of quercetin (Q) and vitamin E (vitE) on ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis. Animals were ovariectomized and treated with Q (15 mg/kg/day), vitE (60 mg/kg/day), estradiol (10 µg/kg/day), and Q (7.5 mg/kg/day) + vitE (30 mg/kg/day) for 10 weeks by gavage, and osteoporosis markers and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of autophagy and apoptosis-related genes were analyzed in serum and tibia of rats. Data indicated that ovariectomy resulted in development of osteoporosis as demonstrated by reduction in serum calcium, bone weight, bone volume, trabeculae volume, and the total number of osteocytes and osteoblasts, and increase in the total number of osteoclasts and serum osteocalcin. Total mRNA expressions of LC3, beclin1, and caspase 3 were also increased and bcl2 expression was decreased in the tibia. By reversing these changes, treatment with Q and vitE markedly improved osteoporosis. In conclusion, Q, and to a lesser extent, vitE, prevented osteoporosis by regulating the total number of bone cells, maybe through regulating autophagy and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Vakili
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Infertility Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Zal
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Traditional Medicine and Medical History Research Centre, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zohreh Mostafavi-Pour
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amir Savardashtaki
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Farhad Koohpeyma
- Shiraz Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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11
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MiR-23b-3p functions as a positive factor for osteoporosis progression by targeting CCND1 in MC3T3-E1 cells. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2021; 57:324-331. [PMID: 33564997 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-021-00544-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
MiRNAs have gained tremendous attention as studies have shown that miRNAs play important roles in osteoporosis (OP) progression. This study attempted to explore whether miR-23b-3p is involved in the pathogenesis of OP. We detected the miR-23b-3p and Cyclin D1 (CCND1) expressional patterns in the bone of patients with or without OP relying on the GEO database. β-Glycerophosphate disodium salt and L-ascorbic acid were utilized to stimulate differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells. Cell proliferative, apoptotic abilities, and cell cycle distribution were determined by CCK-8 and flow cytometry experiments. TargetScan and dual-luciferase reporter analysis were employed to predict and verify the targets of miR-23b-3p. Western blot was implemented to detect the expression of CCND1, apoptosis-related proteins, and cell osteogenesis-related proteins. ALP activity of MC3T3-E1 cells was measured using ALP kit. MiR-23b-3p was increased in OP specimens. Gain-/loss-of-function analysis indicated that the miR-23b-3p inhibited proliferation and differentiation and promoted apoptosis of MC3T3-E1 cells. The levels of Bax and cleaved caspase-3 were increased while those of Bcl-2 were decreased. ALP activity was reduced, and the levels of ALP, Runx2, Osterix, and OPN were declined in MC3T3-E1 cells relative to control. Further analyses demonstrated that CCND1 was a putative target gene of miR-23b-3p. Moreover, knockdown of CCND1 could reverse the impacts of miR-23b-3p inhibitor in MC3T3-E1 cells. MiR-23b-3p functioned as an O-positive factor through regulating cell cycle, proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation via targeting CCND1.
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12
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Lu X, Zhang Y, Zheng Y, Chen B. The miRNA-15b/USP7/KDM6B axis engages in the initiation of osteoporosis by modulating osteoblast differentiation and autophagy. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:2069-2081. [PMID: 33434305 PMCID: PMC7882933 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a metabolic disease that results from oxidative stress or inflammation in renal disorders. microRNAs (miRNAs) are recently implicated to participate in osteoporosis, but the mechanism remains largely unexplored. Herein, we aimed to explore the potential role of miR-15b in osteoblast differentiation and autophagy in osteoporosis. We established osteoporosis models through ovariectomy and determined that miR-15b was highly expressed whereas USP7 and KDM6B were poorly expressed in tissue of osteoporosis mice. Treatment of silenced miR-15b resulted in the elevation of decreased bone mineral density (BMD), the maximum elastic stress and the maximum load of osteoporosis mice. In osteoblasts, miR-15 overexpression decreased proliferation but suppressed the cell differentiation and autophagy, accompanied with decreased expression of USP7. Mechanistically, miR-15 bound and inhibited USP7 expression, while overexpression of USP7 promoted autophagy of osteoblasts. USP7, importantly, strengthened the stability of KDM6B and promoted KDM6B expression. MG132 protease inhibitor increased KDM6B and USP7 expression in osteoblasts. Silencing of KDM6B reversed the promoting effect on autophagy and proliferation induced by overexpression of USP7. Taken altogether, miR-15b inhibits osteoblast differentiation and autophagy to aggravate osteoporosis by targeting USP7 to regulate KDM6B expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Lu
- Department of OrthopedicsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeShantouChina
| | - Yuantao Zhang
- Department of OrthopedicsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeShantouChina
| | - Yin Zheng
- Department of Teaching and ResearchThe First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeShantouChina
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of OrthopedicsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeShantouChina
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13
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Guo YF, Su T, Yang M, Li CJ, Guo Q, Xiao Y, Huang Y, Liu Y, Luo XH. The role of autophagy in bone homeostasis. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:4152-4173. [PMID: 33452680 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved intracellular process and is considered one of the main catabolism pathways. In the process of autophagy, cells are digested nonselectively or selectively to recover nutrients and energy, so it is regarded as an antiaging process. In addition to the essential role of autophagy in cellular homeostasis, autophagy is a stress response mechanism for cell survival. Here, we review recent literature describing the pathway of autophagy and its role in different bone cell types, including osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and osteocytes. Also discussed is the mechanism of autophagy in bone diseases associated with bone homeostasis, including osteoporosis and Paget's disease. Finally, we discuss the application of autophagy regulators in bone diseases. This review aims to introduce autophagy, summarize the understanding of its relevance in bone physiology, and discuss its role and therapeutic potential in the pathogenesis of bone diseases such as osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fan Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Tian Su
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Mi Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chang-Jun Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qi Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ye Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ya Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiang-Hang Luo
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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14
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Abstract
Glucocorticoids are widely prescribed to treat various allergic and autoimmune diseases; however, long-term use results in glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis, characterized by consistent changes in bone remodeling with decreased bone formation as well as increased bone resorption. Not only bone mass but also bone quality decrease, resulting in an increased incidence of fractures. The primary role of autophagy is to clear up damaged cellular components such as long-lived proteins and organelles, thus participating in the conservation of different cells. Apoptosis is the physiological death of cells, and plays a crucial role in the stability of the environment inside a tissue. Available basic and clinical studies indicate that autophagy and apoptosis induced by glucocorticoids can regulate bone metabolism through complex mechanisms. In this review, we summarize the relationship between apoptosis, autophagy and bone metabolism related to glucocorticoids, providing a theoretical basis for therapeutic targets to rescue bone mass and bone quality in glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis.
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15
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Florencio-Silva R, Sasso GRDS, Sasso-Cerri E, Simões MDJ, Cerri PS. Immunoexpression pattern of autophagy mediators in alveolar bone osteoclasts following estrogen withdrawal in female rats. J Mol Histol 2021; 52:321-333. [PMID: 33409945 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-020-09953-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
It is known that estrogen deficiency increases osteoclast formation and activity. Autophagy, a cell survival pathway, has been shown to be crucial for osteoclast function. However, little is known about the effects of estrogen depletion on osteoclast autophagy. Here, we evaluated the effects of estrogen deficiency in the immunoexpression of autophagy mediators in alveolar bone osteoclasts of ovariectomized rats. Twelve adult female rats were ovariectomized (OVX-group) or SHAM-operated (SHAM-group). After three weeks, the rats were euthanized and maxillary fragments containing alveolar bone of the first molars were processed for light microscopy or transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Paraffin-sections were subjected to the TRAP method (osteoclast marker) or to the immunohistochemical detections of beclin-1, LC3α, and p62 (autophagy mediators); araldite-sections were processed for TEM. The number of TRAP-positive osteoclasts and the number of immunolabeled-multinucleated cells (MNCs) along the alveolar bone surface of the first molar were computed. The number of TRAP-positive osteoclasts and the number of beclin-1-, LC3α- and p62-immunolabelled osteoclasts were significantly higher in OVX-group than the SHAM-group. MNCs were frequently located juxtaposed to Howship lacunae along the alveolar bone surface, indicating that these cells are osteoclasts. TEM revealed osteoclasts exhibiting autophagosomes. Our data indicate that autophagy plays an important role during estrogen deficiency-induced osteoclastogenesis. Thus, our results contribute to a better understanding on the role of autophagy on osteoclasts under estrogenic deficiency, and reinforce the idea that modulation of autophagy may be a useful tool to inhibit excessive oral bone resorption in post-menopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinaldo Florencio-Silva
- Disciplina de Histologia e Biologia Estrutural, Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, Escola Paulista de Medicina - EPM, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
| | - Gisela Rodrigues da Silva Sasso
- Departamento de Ginecologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina - EPM, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Estela Sasso-Cerri
- Araraquara - Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brasil
| | - Manuel de Jesus Simões
- Disciplina de Histologia e Biologia Estrutural, Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, Escola Paulista de Medicina - EPM, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Paulo Sérgio Cerri
- Araraquara - Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brasil
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16
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Pieles O, Hartmann M, Morsczeck C. AMP-activated protein kinase and the down-stream activated process of autophagy regulate the osteogenic differentiation of human dental follicle cells. Arch Oral Biol 2020; 122:104951. [PMID: 33254047 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dental follicle cells (DFCs) are progenitors of alveolar osteoblasts. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and the down-stream activated autophagy process play a key role in cellular energy and metabolic homeostasis and are involved in many biological processes including differentiation. Previous studies showed ambiguous results about the role of AMPK and autophagy in osteogenic differentiation of various osteogenic progenitors, but the role of AMPK and autophagy in DFCs is unknown. This study examined the role of AMPK and autophagy in the osteogenic differentiation of DFCs. MATERIALS AND METHODS We evaluated the expression of AMPK isoforms and autophagy markers during osteogenic differentiation via Western Blot analyses and the impact of AMPK / autophagy activators and inhibitors and siRNAs on osteogenic differentiation via ALP activity assay, Alizarin Red staining and Real-Time Reverse-Transcription PCR. RESULTS We have shown that expression of AMPK and autophagy markers are regulated during osteogenic differentiation and that activation of AMPK inhibits the ALP activity and other osteogenic markers after induction of osteogenic differentiation, while inhibition of AMPK and autophagy increased the expression of some osteogenic markers. In long-term cultures with osteogenic differentiation medium, however, both the activation and the inhibition of AMPK significantly inhibited biomineralization of DFCs. In contrast, activation or inhibition of autophagy barely affected early differentiation markers, while autophagy inhibition enhanced biomineralization and autophagy activation diminished mineralization capability of DFCs. CONCLUSIONS AMPK regulates the osteogenic differentiation in earlier stages while indirectly affecting biomineralization at least partly via autophagy. The osteogenic differentiation of DFCs is sensitive to changes in AMPK and autophagic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Pieles
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Maria Hartmann
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christian Morsczeck
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
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17
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Johnson IRD, Nguyen CT, Wise P, Grimm D. Implications of Altered Endosome and Lysosome Biology in Space Environments. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218205. [PMID: 33147843 PMCID: PMC7663135 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Space exploration poses multiple challenges for mankind, not only on a technical level but also to the entire physiology of the space traveller. The human system must adapt to several environmental stressors, microgravity being one of them. Lysosomes are ubiquitous to every cell and essential for their homeostasis, playing significant roles in the regulation of autophagy, immunity, and adaptation of the organism to changes in their environment, to name a few. Dysfunction of the lysosomal system leads to age-related diseases, for example bone loss, reduced immune response or cancer. As these conditions have been shown to be accelerated following exposure to microgravity, this review elucidates the lysosomal response to real and simulated microgravity. Microgravity activates the endo-lysosomal system, with resulting impacts on bone loss, muscle atrophy and stem cell differentiation. The investigation of lysosomal adaptation to microgravity can be beneficial in the search for new biomarkers or therapeutic approaches to several disease pathologies on earth as well as the potential to mitigate pathophysiology during spaceflight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian R. D. Johnson
- Research in Space Environments Group, UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia;
- Correspondence:
| | - Catherine T. Nguyen
- Research in Space Environments Group, UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia;
| | - Petra Wise
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA;
| | - Daniela Grimm
- Department of Microgravity and Translational Regenerative Medicine, Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany;
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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18
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Yin X, Zhou C, Li J, Liu R, Shi B, Yuan Q, Zou S. Correction to: Autophagy in bone homeostasis and the onset of osteoporosis. Bone Res 2020; 8:36. [PMID: 33083096 PMCID: PMC7538423 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-020-00114-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1038/s41413-019-0058-7.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Chenchen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Jingtao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Renkai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Bing Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Quan Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Shujuan Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 China
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19
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Montaseri A, Giampietri C, Rossi M, Riccioli A, Fattore AD, Filippini A. The Role of Autophagy in Osteoclast Differentiation and Bone Resorption Function. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1398. [PMID: 33008140 PMCID: PMC7601508 DOI: 10.3390/biom10101398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionary conserved and highly regulated recycling process of cellular wastes. Having a housekeeping role, autophagy through the digestion of domestic cytosolic organelles, proteins, macromolecules, and pathogens, eliminates unnecessary materials and provides nutrients and energy for cell survival and maintenance. The critical role of autophagy and autophagy-related proteins in osteoclast differentiation, bone resorption, and maintenance of bone homeostasis has previously been reported. Increasing evidence reveals that autophagy dysregulation leads to alteration of osteoclast function and enhanced bone loss, which is associated with the onset and progression of osteoporosis. In this review, we briefly consolidate the current state-of-the-art technology regarding the role of autophagy in osteoclast function in both physiologic and pathologic conditions to have a more general view on this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Montaseri
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics, Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (A.M.); (A.R.); (A.F.)
| | - Claudia Giampietri
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics, Unit of Human Anatomy, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Michela Rossi
- Bone Physiopathology Research Unit, Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy;
| | - Anna Riccioli
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics, Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (A.M.); (A.R.); (A.F.)
| | - Andrea Del Fattore
- Bone Physiopathology Research Unit, Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy;
| | - Antonio Filippini
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics, Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (A.M.); (A.R.); (A.F.)
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20
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Chen L, Shi X, Weng SJ, Xie J, Tang JH, Yan DY, Wang BZ, Xie ZJ, Wu ZY, Yang L. Vitamin K2 Can Rescue the Dexamethasone-Induced Downregulation of Osteoblast Autophagy and Mitophagy Thereby Restoring Osteoblast Function In Vitro and In Vivo. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:1209. [PMID: 32848799 PMCID: PMC7431688 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic long-term glucocorticoids (GC) use is associated with glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP) by inhibiting the survival and impairing the functions of osteoblasts. Autophagy and mitophagy play key roles in osteoblast differentiation, mineralization and survival, and mounting evidence have implicated osteoblast autophagy and mitophagy as a novel mechanism in the pathogenesis of GIOP. Vitamin K2 (VK2) is an essential nutrient supplement that have been shown to exert protective effects against osteoporotic bone loss including GIOP. In this study, we showed that the glucocorticoid dexamethasone (Dex) deregulated osteoblast autophagy and mitophagy by downregulating the expression of autophagic and mitophagic markers LC3-II, PINK1, Parkin. This consequently led to inhibition of osteoblast differentiation and mineralization function in vitro. Interestingly, co-treatment with VK2 significantly attenuated the Dex-induced downregulation of LC3-II, PINK1, Parkin, thereby restoring autophagic and mitophagic processes and normal osteoblastic activity. In addition, using an established rat model of GIOP, we showed that VK2 administration can protect rats against the deleterious effects of Dex on bone by reinstating autophagic and mitophagic activities in bone tissues. Collectively, our results provide new insights into the role of osteoblast autophagy and mitophagy in GIOP. Additionally, the use of VK2 supplementation to augment osteoblast autophagy/mitophagy may significantly improve clinical outcomes of GIOP patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Orthopedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiang Shi
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - She-Ji Weng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jun Xie
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Orthopedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jia-Hao Tang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Orthopedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China
| | - De-Yi Yan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Orthopedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China
| | - Bing-Zhang Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Orthopedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhong-Jie Xie
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zong-Yi Wu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Orthopedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China
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21
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Wang W, Zhang LM, Guo C, Han JF. Resveratrol promotes osteoblastic differentiation in a rat model of postmenopausal osteoporosis by regulating autophagy. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2020; 17:29. [PMID: 32322287 PMCID: PMC7160943 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-020-00449-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Resveratrol is a natural polyphenolic compound that ameliorates postmenopausal osteoporosis by activating the estrogen receptor. Research has shown that resveratrol exhibits some type of estrogen receptor agonist activity, reducing the risk of breast cancer. However, its mechanism of action remains largely unknown. This study aims to investigate the effect of resveratrol on osteoblastic and osteoclastic differentiation and its potential role in the regulation of autophagy. METHODS Sprague Dawley (SD) rats underwent ovariectomies (OVX) and were administered resveratrol (at 10, 20 or 40 mg/kg/d) for 8 weeks. The calcium content and the bone mineral density (BMD) were measured in the lumbar vertebrae (L3) and the right distal femur-tibia bone region. The osteoblasts and osteoclasts were isolated from rat lumbar vertebrae by enzyme digestion and bone marrow induction, respectively. The cells were then cultured with resveratrol in combination with bafilomycin or leupeptin to inhibit or activate autophagy, respectively. Western blotting was used to assess the differentiation markers and autophagy-related genes in the osteoblasts and osteoclasts. RESULTS Compared to the sham group, the bone calcium content and BMD were significantly decreased in the OVX group (p < 0.05), while resveratrol attenuated these in a dose-dependent manner. In the osteoblasts, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and alpha-1 type I collagen (COL1A1) were markedly decreased, and in osteoclasts, the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) was increased in the OVX group, while resveratrol reversed this pattern in a dose-dependent manner. The inhibition of autophagy in osteoblasts and its activation in osteoclasts was observed in the OVX group. However, with resveratrol, this was reversed in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSION Overall, resveratrol promotes osteoblastic differentiation and suppresses osteoclastic differentiation in a rat model with postmenopausal osteoporosis by regulating autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086 China
| | - Li-Mei Zhang
- Endocrinology Laboratory, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086 China
| | - Chang Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086 China
| | - Jian-Feng Han
- Department of Orthopaedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 246 Xuefu Road, Harbin, 150086 Heilongjiang China
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22
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Sirufo MM, Suppa M, Ginaldi L, De Martinis M. Does Allergy Break Bones? Osteoporosis and Its Connection to Allergy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E712. [PMID: 31973226 PMCID: PMC7037724 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
: Osteoporosis and allergic diseases are important causes of morbidity, and traditionally their coexistence has been attributed to causality, to independent processes, and they were considered unrelated. However, the increasing knowledge in the field of osteoimmunology and an increasing number of epidemiological and biological studies have provided support to a correlation between bone and allergy that share pathways, cells, cytokines and mediators. If the link between allergic pathology and bone alterations appears more subtle, there are conditions such as mastocytosis and hypereosinophilic or hyper-IgE syndromes characterized by the proliferation of cells or hyper-production of molecules that play a key role in allergies, in which this link is at least clinically more evident, and the diseases are accompanied by frank skeletal involvement, offering multiple speculation cues. The pathophysiological connection of allergy and osteoporosis is currently an intriguing area of research. The aim of this review is to summarize and bring together the current knowledge and pursue an opportunity to stimulate further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Maddalena Sirufo
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (M.M.S.); (L.G.)
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Center for the diagnosis and treatment of Osteoporosis, AUSL 04 Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Mariano Suppa
- Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Lia Ginaldi
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (M.M.S.); (L.G.)
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Center for the diagnosis and treatment of Osteoporosis, AUSL 04 Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Massimo De Martinis
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (M.M.S.); (L.G.)
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Center for the diagnosis and treatment of Osteoporosis, AUSL 04 Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy
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23
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Ala M, Jafari RM, Dehpour AR. Diabetes Mellitus and Osteoporosis Correlation: Challenges and Hopes. Curr Diabetes Rev 2020; 16:984-1001. [PMID: 32208120 DOI: 10.2174/1573399816666200324152517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes and osteoporosis are two common diseases with different complications. Despite different therapeutic strategies, managing these diseases and reducing their burden have not been satisfactory, especially when they appear one after the other. In this review, we aimed to clarify the similarity, common etiology and possible common adjunctive therapies of these two major diseases and designate the known molecular pattern observed in them. Based on different experimental findings, we want to illuminate that interestingly similar pathways lead to diabetes and osteoporosis. Meanwhile, there are a few drugs involved in the treatment of both diseases, which most of the time act in the same line but sometimes with opposing results. Considering the correlation between diabetes and osteoporosis, more efficient management of both diseases, in conditions of concomitant incidence or cause and effect condition, is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moein Ala
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 13145-784, Tehran, Iran
| | - Razieh Mohammad Jafari
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Dehpour
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 13145-784, Tehran, Iran
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24
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Zheng X, Yu Y, Shao B, Gan N, Chen L, Yang D. Osthole improves therapy for osteoporosis through increasing autophagy of mesenchymal stem cells. Exp Anim 2019; 68:453-463. [PMID: 31155553 PMCID: PMC6842796 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.18-0178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a common skeletal disorder resulting in elevated fracture risk. Improvement of osteogenic differentiation is thought to be the top priority in osteoporosis treatment projects. Significant characteristics of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs), especially attractive ability to differentiate into osteoblasts, have made them alternatives for osteoporosis treatment. However, therapeutic effect with BMMSCs remains to be improved. Here, osthole, a bioactive simple coumarin derivative extracted from many medicinal plants, was introduced to pre-stimulate BMMSCs and then applied in osteoporosis therapy. The results showed that osthole-treated-BMMSCs (OBMMSCs) brought a better outcome than BMMSCs alone in estrogen deficiency-induced osteoporosis model. And elevated autophagy level was suggested to be the underlying mechanism of the ability of osthole to promote osteoblast differentiation, which is indicated by the upregulation of protein and mRNA expression level of autophagy-associated genes, Beclin1 and LC3. We concluded from these experiments that OBMMSCs are more effective than BMMSCs in osteoporosis treatment maybe through upregulation level of autophagy level induced by osthole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuedan Zheng
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 426 Songshi Bei Road, Yubei, 401147 Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, No. 426 Songshi Bei Road, Yubei, 401147 Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, No. 426 Songshi Bei Road, Yubei, 401147 Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 426 Songshi Bei Road, Yubei, 401147 Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, No. 426 Songshi Bei Road, Yubei, 401147 Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, No. 426 Songshi Bei Road, Yubei, 401147 Chongqing, China
| | - Binyi Shao
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 426 Songshi Bei Road, Yubei, 401147 Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, No. 426 Songshi Bei Road, Yubei, 401147 Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, No. 426 Songshi Bei Road, Yubei, 401147 Chongqing, China
| | - Ning Gan
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 426 Songshi Bei Road, Yubei, 401147 Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, No. 426 Songshi Bei Road, Yubei, 401147 Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, No. 426 Songshi Bei Road, Yubei, 401147 Chongqing, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 426 Songshi Bei Road, Yubei, 401147 Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, No. 426 Songshi Bei Road, Yubei, 401147 Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, No. 426 Songshi Bei Road, Yubei, 401147 Chongqing, China
| | - Deqin Yang
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 426 Songshi Bei Road, Yubei, 401147 Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, No. 426 Songshi Bei Road, Yubei, 401147 Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, No. 426 Songshi Bei Road, Yubei, 401147 Chongqing, China
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25
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Wong SK, Chin KY, Ima-Nirwana S. The Osteoprotective Effects Of Kaempferol: The Evidence From In Vivo And In Vitro Studies. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2019; 13:3497-3514. [PMID: 31631974 PMCID: PMC6789172 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s227738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Kaempferol is a dietary bioflavonoid ubiquitously found in various types of plant. It possesses a wide range of medicinal properties suggesting its potential clinical utility that requires further investigation. The present review intends to highlight the efficacy of kaempferol and its molecular mechanisms of action in regulating bone metabolism. Many reports have acknowledged the bone-protecting property of kaempferol and kaempferol-containing plants using in vitro and in vivo experimental models. Kaempferol supplementation showed bone-sparing effects in newborn rats, glucocorticoid-induced and ovariectomy-induced osteoporotic models as well as bone fracture models. It achieves the bone-protective effects by inhibiting adipogenesis, inflammation, oxidative stress, osteoclastic autophagy and osteoblastic apoptosis while activating osteoblastic autophagy. The anti-osteoporotic effects of kaempferol are mediated through regulation of estrogen receptor, bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathways. In summary, kaempferol exhibits beneficial effects on skeleton, thus is potentially effective for the prophylaxis and treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sok Kuan Wong
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kok-Yong Chin
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Soelaiman Ima-Nirwana
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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26
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Zhao H, Sun Z, Ma Y, Song R, Yuan Y, Bian J, Gu J, Liu Z. Antiosteoclastic bone resorption activity of osteoprotegerin via enhanced AKT/mTOR/ULK1-mediated autophagic pathway. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:3002-3012. [PMID: 31535378 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy plays a critical role in the maintenance of bone homeostasis. Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is an inhibitor of osteoclast-mediated bone resorption. However, whether autophagy is involved in the antiosteoclastogenic effects of OPG remains unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the potential mechanism of autophagy during OPG-induced bone resorption via inhibition of osteoclasts differentiated from bone marrow-derived macrophages in BALB/c mice. The results showed that after treatment with receptor activator of nuclear factor-κΒ ligand and macrophage colony-stimulating factor for 3 days, TRAP+ osteoclasts formed, representing the resting state of autophagy. These osteoclasts were treated with OPG and underwent autophagy, as demonstrated by LC3-II accumulation, acidic vesicular organelle formation, and the presence of autophagosomes. The levels of autophagy-related proteins, LC3-II increased and P62 decreased at 3 hr in OPG-treated osteoclasts. The viability, differentiation, and bone resorption activity of osteoclasts declined after OPG treatment. Treatment with OPG and chloroquine, an autophagy inhibitor, attenuated OPG-induced inhibition of osteoclastic bone resorption, whereas rapamycin (RAP), an autophagy inducer, enhanced OPG-induced inhibition of differentiation, survival, and bone resorption activity of osteoclasts. Furthermore, OPG reduced the amount of phosphorylated(p) protein kinase B (AKT) and pmTOR and increased the level of pULK, in a dose-dependant manner. LY294002, a phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathway inhibitor, attenuated the decline in pAKT, but enhanced the decline in pmTOR and the increase in pULK1 following OPG treatment. RAP enhanced the OPG-induced increase in pULK1. The PI3K inhibitor 3-methyladenine partly blocked OPG-induced autophagy. Thus, the results revealed that OPG inhibits osteoclast bone resorption by inducing autophagy via the AKT/mTOR/ULK1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ziqiang Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yonggang Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ruilong Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianchun Bian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianhong Gu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zongping Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
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27
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Estrogen enhances human osteoblast survival and function via promotion of autophagy. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2019; 1866:1498-1507. [PMID: 31255720 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2019.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen increases bone formation by promoting mineralization and prolonging the lifespan of osteoblasts. To understand the underlying molecular mechanism/s, we identified estrogen-regulated proteins at different stages of human osteoblast differentiation using differential proteomics approach. Among the identified proteins, we observed that estrogen upregulated RAB3GAP1 on day 1 and 5 of differentiation. RAB3GAP1 is critically involved in the process of autophagy, a eukaryotic degradative pathway essential for cell survival. We, therefore, investigated the effect of estrogen on autophagy in differentiating human osteoblasts and their precursors, the mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). MSCs exhibited high autophagic flux which declined during osteoblast differentiation, resulting in high basal apoptosis in osteoblasts. Estrogen reduced apoptosis in differentiating osteoblasts by promoting autophagy, thus contributing towards their longer lifespan. Further, MSCs were resistant against starvation-induced apoptosis, whereas, differentiating osteoblasts showed significant susceptibility towards it. Estrogen, in addition to promoting mineralization, protected differentiating osteoblasts from starvation-induced apoptosis by increasing autophagic flux. Autophagic flux in RAB3GAP1 knockdown osteoblasts appeared diminished, and showed increased apoptosis even in nutrient-rich conditions, and exhibited significantly impaired mineralization. However, irrespective of the presence of estrogen, starvation further enhanced apoptosis in these cells. Furthermore, estrogen failed to promote mineralization in these osteoblasts. Our study illustrates that autophagy is essential for human osteoblast survival and mineralization, and osteoblasts are susceptible to apoptosis due to reduced autophagy during differentiation. Estrogen, via upregulation of RAB3GAP1, promotes autophagy in osteoblasts during differentiation thereby increasing their survival and mineralization capacity. Our study demonstrates the positive role of autophagy in bone homeostasis.
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28
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The Role of Macrophage in the Pathogenesis of Osteoporosis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092093. [PMID: 31035384 PMCID: PMC6539137 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a systemic disease with progressive bone loss. The bone loss is associated with an imbalance between bone resorption via osteoclasts and bone formation via osteoblasts. Other cells including T cells, B cells, macrophages, and osteocytes are also involved in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. Different cytokines from activated macrophages can regulate or stimulate the development of osteoclastogenesis-associated bone loss. The fusion of macrophages can form multinucleated osteoclasts and, thus, cause bone resorption via the expression of IL-4 and IL-13. Different cytokines, endocrines, and chemokines are also expressed that may affect the presentation of macrophages in osteoporosis. Macrophages have an effect on bone formation during fracture-associated bone repair. However, activated macrophages may secrete proinflammatory cytokines that induce bone loss by osteoclastogenesis, and are associated with the activation of bone resorption. Targeting activated macrophages at an appropriate stage may help inhibit or slow the progression of bone loss in patients with osteoporosis.
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29
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Liang X, Hou Z, Xie Y, Yan F, Li S, Zhu X, Cai L. Icariin promotes osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells and prevents bone loss in OVX mice via activating autophagy. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:13121-13132. [PMID: 30887562 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Liang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan China
| | - Zhiqiang Hou
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan China
| | - Yuanlong Xie
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan China
| | - Feifei Yan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan China
| | - Sisi Li
- The Institute for Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Xiaobin Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan China
| | - Lin Cai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan China
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30
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Ezzat S, Louka ML, Zakaria ZM, Nagaty MM, Metwaly RG. Autophagy in osteoporosis: Relation to oxidative stress. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:2560-2568. [PMID: 30216504 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Impaired autophagy and oxidative stress are implicated in the development of many diseases. This study aimed to investigate the involvement of autophagy represented by autophagy-related gene 7 (Atg7) and oxidative stress represented by superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) gene expression and enzyme activity in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. Atg7 and SOD2 gene relative expression were evaluated by SYBR green quantitative real-time-polymerase chain reaction in the osteoporotic group (n = 26) versus the osteoporosis free group (n = 14). SOD2 enzyme activity was evaluated by colorimetric method in both study groups. Both Atg7 and SOD2 relative expression showed highly significant decrease (P < 0.01) between both groups. However, SOD2 enzyme activity showed no significant difference between the two groups. There was a significant direct correlation between Atg7 and SOD2 gene expression in both study groups. Atg7 relative expression showed significant ( P < 0.01) direct correlation with vitamin D serum levels and body mass index in osteoporotic group. In conclusion, both genes are involved in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis and this could be amenable to future therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ezzat
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Manal L Louka
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Zeiad M Zakaria
- Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Magda M Nagaty
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Radwan G Metwaly
- Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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31
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Wang CG, Liao Z, Xiao H, Liu H, Hu YH, Liao QD, Zhong D. LncRNA KCNQ1OT1 promoted BMP2 expression to regulate osteogenic differentiation by sponging miRNA-214. Exp Mol Pathol 2019; 107:77-84. [PMID: 30703347 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2019.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) is of much significance for bone formation, the imbalance of it would result in osteoporosis and other pathological bone defects. Increasing evidences showed that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and miRNAs played vital roles in the regulation of osteogenic differentiation. LncRNA KCNQ1OT1 was often regarded as an imprinted lncRNA and was related to tumor progression, while its function in osteogenic differentiation remained unclear. METHOD qRT-PCR was performed to detect the expression of KCNQ1OT1, miR-214 and osteogenesis-related genes BMP2, Runx2, OPN, and OCN. Western blotting was carried out to detect osteogenesis-related markers. The osteoblastic phenotype was evidenced by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and Alizarin Red S accumulation detection. Bioinformatics and luciferase assays were used to predict and validate the interaction between KCNQ1OT1 and miR-214 as well as BMP2 and miR-214. RESULTS KCNQ1OT1 was significantly up-regulated during the process of osteogenic induction while miR-214 was contrarily down-regulated. Knockdown of KCNQ1OT1 inhibited osteogenic differentiation and down-regulated BMP2 and osteogenesis-related genes. It was also confirmed that KCNQ1OT1 directly interacted with miR-214. Meanwhile, miR-214 could bind to 3'UTR of BMP2 and therefore inhibited its expression. Furthermore, co-transfection of miR-214 inhibitor could rescue the down-regulation of BMP2 and osteogenesis-related genes and osteogenic differentiation suppression induced by KCNQ1OT1 knockdown. Moreover, miR-214 inhibitor significantly reversed the decreased protein levels of p-Smad1/5/8, Runx2 and Osterix induced by shKCNQ1OT1. CONCLUSIONS KCNQ1OT1 positively regulated osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs by acting as a ceRNA to regulate BMP2 expression through sponging miR-214.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Gong Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, PR China
| | - Zhan Liao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, PR China
| | - Han Xiao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, PR China
| | - Hua Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, PR China
| | - Yi-He Hu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, PR China
| | - Qian-De Liao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, PR China
| | - Da Zhong
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, PR China.
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32
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Tang N, Zhao H, Zhang H, Dong Y. Effect of autophagy gene DRAM on proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis, and autophagy of osteoblast in osteoporosis rats. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:5023-5032. [PMID: 30203495 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The research aimed at detecting the autophagy level of osteoblast in osteoporosis rat, and investigating the effect of autophagy gene damage-regulated autophagy modulator (DRAM) on osteoblast proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis, and autophagy. METHODS The level of osteocalcin (OCN) and C-telopeptide (CTX) in serum of ovariectomized (OVX) rats was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The Oil Red-O staining was used to observing bone histological changes. The messenger RNA level and protein expression level of Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2; osteoblast markers) and other autophagy-related genes were revealed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blot. The changes of autophagy in osteoblasts were detected by immunofluorescence staining. The following experiments were performed in osteoblasts of OVX rats through transfected with silencing DRAM to detecting cell proliferation, cell cycle, and apoptosis by Cell Counting Kit-8 assays and flow cytometry. RESULTS The result of ELISA showed a significantly elevated of OCN and CTX in OVX rats as well a high fat content compared with sham-operated rats. The expression of Runx2 in bone of proximal tibia was higher by qRT-PCR and western blot analysis. The immunofluorescence staining and transmission electron microscope observe revealed that pcDNA3-DRAM could promote the autophagy in OVX rats. Besides that, overexpression of DRAM inhibited cell proliferation, promoted apoptosis, and enhanced autophagy in osteoblasts. The results of Oil Red-O staining indicated that overexpression of DRAM enhanced lipid accumulation in osteoporosis rats. CONCLUSIONS The autophagy level of OVX rats was weakened, but overexpressed DRAM could increase the autophagy level of osteoblast, suppress proliferation, and induce apoptosis of osteoblast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Tang
- Department of Orthopedics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hengyan Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yulei Dong
- Department of Orthopedics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
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33
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Zhao W, Shen G, Ren H, Liang D, Yu X, Zhang Z, Huang J, Qiu T, Tang J, Shang Q, Yu P, Wu Z, Jiang X. Therapeutic potential of microRNAs in osteoporosis function by regulating the biology of cells related to bone homeostasis. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:9191-9208. [PMID: 30078225 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are novel regulatory factors that play important roles in numerous cellular processes through the posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression. Recently, deregulation of the miRNA-mediated mechanism has emerged as an important pathological factor in osteoporosis. However, a detailed molecular mechanism between miRNAs and osteoporosis is still not available. In this review, the roles of miRNAs in the regulation of cells related to bone homeostasis as well as miRNAs that deregulate in human or animal are discussed. Moreover, the miRNAs that act as clusters in the biology of cells in the bone microenvironment and the difference of some important miRNAs for bone homeostasis between bone and other organs are mentioned. Overall, miRNAs that contribute to the pathogenesis of osteoporosis and their therapeutic potential are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua Zhao
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gengyang Shen
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Ren
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - De Liang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Yu
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhida Zhang
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinjing Huang
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Qiu
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Tang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Shang
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peiyuan Yu
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zixian Wu
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaobing Jiang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory Affiliated to National Key Discipline of Orthopaedic and Traumatology of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Shen G, Ren H, Shang Q, Qiu T, Yu X, Zhang Z, Huang J, Zhao W, Zhang Y, Liang D, Jiang X. Autophagy as a target for glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis therapy. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:2683-2693. [PMID: 29427075 PMCID: PMC11105583 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2776-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy takes part in regulating the eukaryotic cells function and the progression of numerous diseases, but its clinical utility has not been fully developed yet. Recently, mounting evidences highlight an important correlation between autophagy and bone homeostasis, mediated by osteoclasts, osteocytes, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, and osteoblasts, and autophagy plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP). The combinations of autophagy activators/inhibitors with anti-GIOP first-line drugs or some new autophagy-based manipulators, such as regulation of B cell lymphoma 2 family proteins and caspase-dependent clearance of autophagy-related gene proteins, are likely to be the promising approaches for GIOP clinical treatments. In view of the important role of autophagy in the pathogenesis of GIOP, here we review the potential mechanisms about the impacts of autophagy in GIOP and its association with GIOP therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gengyang Shen
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Hui Ren
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Qi Shang
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Ting Qiu
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Xiang Yu
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Zhida Zhang
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Jinjing Huang
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Wenhua Zhao
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Yuzhuo Zhang
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - De Liang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Xiaobing Jiang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
- Laboratory Affiliated to National Key Discipline of Orthopaedic and Traumatology of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
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Florencio-Silva R, Sasso GRS, Sasso-Cerri E, Simões MJ, Cerri PS. Effects of estrogen status in osteocyte autophagy and its relation to osteocyte viability in alveolar process of ovariectomized rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 98:406-415. [PMID: 29276969 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.12.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen maintains osteocyte viability, whereas its deficiency induces osteocyte apoptosis. As autophagy is important for osteocyte viability, we hypothesized whether the anti-apoptotic effect of estrogen is related to autophagy in osteocytes. Thirty adult female rats were sham-operated (SHAM) or ovariectomized (OVX). After three weeks, twelve rats of SHAM and OVX groups were killed before treatment (basal period), whereas the remaining rats received estrogen (OVXE) or vehicle (OVX) for 45 days. Fragments of maxilla containing alveolar process of the first molars were embedded in paraffin or Araldite. Paraffin-sections were stained with hematoxylin/eosin for histomorphometry, or subjected to the silver impregnation method for morphological analysis of osteocyte cytoplasmic processes. Autophagy was analyzed by immunohistochemical detections of beclin-1, MAP-LC3α and p62, whereas apoptosis was evaluated by immunohistochemical detections of cleaved caspase-3 and BAX, TUNEL (Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling) method and by ultrastructural analysis. Araldite-semithin sections were subjected to the Sudan-black method for detection of lipids. OVX-basal group showed high frequency of caspase-3-, TUNEL- and p62-positive osteocytes accompanied with low frequency of beclin-1- and MAP-LC3α-positive osteocytes. At 45 days, OVXE group exhibited higher number of osteocytes, higher frequency of beclin-1- and MAP-LC3α-positive osteocytes, and lower frequency of caspase-3, BAX-, TUNEL- and p62-positive osteocytes than OVX group. Significant reduction in bone area was observed in the OVX compared to OVXE and SHAM groups. The highest frequency of Sudan-Black-positive osteocytes and osteocytes with scarce cytoplasmic processes, or showing apoptotic features were mainly observed in OVX groups. Our results indicate that estrogen deficiency decreases autophagy and increases apoptosis, whereas estrogen replacement enhances osteocyte viability by inhibiting apoptosis and maintaining autophagy in alveolar process osteocytes. These results suggest that the anti-apoptotic effect of estrogen may be, at least in part, related to autophagy regulation in osteocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinaldo Florencio-Silva
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, Escola Paulista de Medicina - EPM, Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, Disciplina de Histologia e Biologia Estrutural, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gisela R S Sasso
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, Escola Paulista de Medicina - EPM, Departmento de Ginecologia, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Estela Sasso-Cerri
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araraquara - Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Manuel J Simões
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, Escola Paulista de Medicina - EPM, Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, Disciplina de Histologia e Biologia Estrutural, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo S Cerri
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araraquara - Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
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