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Mayrink J, Miele MJ, Souza RT, Guida JP, Nobrega GM, Galvão RB, Costa ML, Fernandes KG, Capetini VC, Arantes AC, Anhê GF, Costa JL, Cecatti JG. Are vitamin D intake and serum levels in the mid-trimester of pregnancy associated with preeclampsia? Results from a Brazilian multicentre cohort. Pregnancy Hypertens 2024; 37:101150. [PMID: 39146694 DOI: 10.1016/j.preghy.2024.101150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the association between serum levels and food intake of Vitamin D (VD) among healthy women in mid-pregnancy and preeclampsia. STUDY DESIGN In a Brazilian multicentre cohort of healthy nulliparous pregnant women from five maternity centres we developed a nested case-control analysis comparing cases with and without preeclampsia. Women were enrolled and followed during prenatal care, including only singleton pregnancies, without any fetal malformations or previous chronic maternal disease. We matched 87 cases of preeclampsia to eligible controls randomly selected in a 1:1 ratio, by age and region. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Blood samples from these were collected, and a 24-hour recall of food intake was obtained in mid-pregnancy, between 19 and 21 weeks. VD serum levels (25-hydroxyvitamin D) were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and were categorized as deficient, insufficient, and sufficient. The dietary intake of VD was estimated with the 24-hour diet recall applied at the same time and from supplementation. Maternal characteristics and VD levels were compared between cases and controls with OR and respective 95 %CI. Multivariate analysis using the Path method was used to assess relationships among VD, PE, BMI, skin colour/ethnicity, and diet. RESULTS The maternal characteristics of both groups were similar, except for the higher occurrence of obesity among women with preeclampsia (OR 3.47, 95 %CI 1.48-8.65). Dietary intake of VD was similar in both groups, and most of the women in both groups consumed insufficient VD (82.2 vs 79.3 % in the groups with and without PE). CONCLUSIONS Levels and dietary intake of VD were not associated with PE in this Brazilian sample of healthy pregnant women; however, BMI and skin colour/ethnicity were associated with PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jussara Mayrink
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Maria J Miele
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Renato T Souza
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Jose P Guida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Guilherme M Nobrega
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael B Galvão
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria L Costa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Karayna G Fernandes
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Jundiaí School of Medicine, Jundiaí, SP, Brazil
| | - Vinícius C Capetini
- Department of Translational Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Cf Arantes
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, the University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriel F Anhê
- Department of Translational Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - José L Costa
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, the University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Jose G Cecatti
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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Silva WR, Bortoli MM, Leite SR, Barros CC, Brito MD, Montenegro LT, Vasconcellos RJ, Iglesias DP, Sobral AP. Squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma of the lips: 25 years of experience in a northeast Brazilian population. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2024; 29:e476-e482. [PMID: 38794936 PMCID: PMC11249373 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.26454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The lips are the transition zone between the facial skin and the oral mucosa and are the site of alterations related to a broad spectrum of etiologies. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC) are the most prevalent neoplasms affecting lips. This study evaluated the demographic and clinicopathological features of the SCC and BCC in the lip. MATERIAL AND METHODS A retrospective cross-sectional descriptive study (1994-2019) was carried out. Demographic and clinicopathologic data were collected from a hospital's dermatological service and an oncologic hospital. The data were submitted to descriptive analysis and Pearson's chi-square and Fisher's exact tests (p ≤ 0.05). RESULTS 417 medical records were analyzed, of which 323 corresponded to SCC (77.5%) and 94 to BCC (22.5%). SCC showed more frequency in males (58.8%) and BCC in females (54.3%). The lower lip was significantly affected in male patients (p < 0.0001) and by both neoplasms (70.6% and 56.4%, respectively; p = 0.014). SCC and BCC were mainly treated with surgery (88.3% and 93.2%, respectively). Surgical margin was frequently negative in SCC and BCC (87%; 72.3%, respectively), and no recurrence was observed in 79.9% of SCC and 69.1% of BCC cases. CONCLUSIONS SCC was more frequent in male patients, while BCC showed more frequency in female patients. Both neoplasms mainly affect the lower lip. Understanding the epidemiological profile of these lesions in the lip, as well as their etiology and clinical features, is fundamental for appropriate clinical conduct and the creation and/or amplification of preventive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- W-R Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry University of Pernambuco, R. Arnóbio Marques, 310 50100-130, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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Garcia-Mouronte E, Pérez-González LA, Naharro-Rodriguez J, Fernández Guarino M. Understanding Active Photoprotection: DNA-Repair Enzymes and Antioxidants. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:822. [PMID: 39063576 PMCID: PMC11277730 DOI: 10.3390/life14070822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The detrimental effects of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) on human skin are well-documented, encompassing DNA damage, oxidative stress, and an increased risk of carcinogenesis. Conventional photoprotective measures predominantly rely on filters, which scatter or absorb UV radiation, yet fail to address the cellular damage incurred post-exposure. To fill this gap, antioxidant molecules and DNA-repair enzymes have been extensively researched, offering a paradigm shift towards active photoprotection capable of both preventing and reversing UV-induced damage. In the current review, we focused on "active photoprotection", assessing the state-of-the-art, latest advancements and scientific data from clinical trials and in vivo models concerning the use of DNA-repair enzymes and naturally occurring antioxidant molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Garcia-Mouronte
- Dermatology Department, Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal, Carretera M-607 km 9.1, 28034 Madrid, Spain; (L.A.P.-G.); (M.F.G.)
| | | | - Jorge Naharro-Rodriguez
- Dermatology Department, Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal, Carretera M-607 km 9.1, 28034 Madrid, Spain; (L.A.P.-G.); (M.F.G.)
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Passeron T, Lim HW, Goh CL, Kang HY, Ly F, Morita A, Ocampo-Candiani J, Puig S, Schalka S, Liu W, Demessant-Flavigny AL, Le Floc'h C, Kerob D, Dreno B, Krutmann J. Sun exposure behaviours as a compromise to paradoxical injunctions: Insight from a worldwide survey. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2023; 37:2481-2489. [PMID: 37590528 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.19421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Behavioural interventions can improve attitudes towards sun protection but the impact remains inconsistent worldwide. OBJECTIVE To assess awareness of and attitudes towards the multiple facets of sun exposure and suggest ways to improve prevention from overexposure to the sun in all geographical zones and multiple skin types. METHODS Online survey was conducted from 28 September to 18 October 2021. Study population was selected from the Ipsos online Panel (3,540,000 panellists), aged ≥18 years, from 17 countries around the five continents. Demographics, sun-exposure habits and practices, understanding of risks and information on phototypes were documented and analysed using descriptive statistics. RESULTS Eighty-eight per cent of participants knew that sunlight can cause skin health problems (90% phototypes I-II, 82% phototypes V-VI, >90% in American and European countries, 72% in Asia and 85% in Africa). Eighty-five per cent used some form of protection against sunlight, predominantly: Seeking shade (77%), avoiding the midday sun (66%), facial application of sunscreen (60%) and wearing protective clothing (44%). The perception of sunlight itself is positive ('it gives energy' for 82%; 'tanned skin looks attractive' for 72%), although less in Asian countries and among individuals with dark skin phototypes. Eighty-three per cent reported having experienced sunburn, mainly in Australia, Canada, USA, Germany, France and Russia, and among individuals with dark skin phototypes. Only 12% systematically/often used all types of protection during exposure to the sun and 23% believed it is safe to go out in the sun with no protection when their skin is already tanned. From 13% (skin phototype I) to 26% (phototype VI) reported not using any form of protection against the sun. Knowledge and habits were significantly superior among people who are accustomed to seeing a dermatologist for a complete skin exam. CONCLUSIONS Dermatologists could play a crucial role in relaying novel prevention messages, more finely tailored to specific risks, populations and areas of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Passeron
- Department of Dermatology, Côte d'Azur University, Nice University Hospital Center, Nice, France
- INSERM U1065, C3M, Côte d'Azur University, Nice, France
| | - Henry W Lim
- Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Hee Young Kang
- Department of Dermatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Fatimata Ly
- Department of Dermatology, Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar University, EPS Institute of Social Hygiene, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Akimichi Morita
- Department of Geriatric and Environmental Dermatology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Jorge Ocampo-Candiani
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Medicina, University Hospital "Dr. Jose E. González", Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Susana Puig
- Dermatology Department, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergio Schalka
- Medcin Skin Research Center and Biochemistry Department, Chemistry Institute of Sao Paulo University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Dermatology, The General Hospital of Air Force PLA, Beijing, China
| | | | | | | | - Brigitte Dreno
- Nantes University, Univ Angers, INSERM, Immunology and New Concepts in ImmunoTherapy, INCIT, UMR 1302, Nantes, France
| | - Jean Krutmann
- IUF Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Duesseldorf, Germany
- Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany
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Flament F, Mercurio DG, Catalan E, Bouhadanna E, Delaunay C, Miranda DF, Passeron T. Impact on facial skin aging signs of a 1-year standardized photoprotection over a classical skin care routine in skin phototypes II-VI individuals: A prospective randomized trial. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2023; 37:2090-2097. [PMID: 37247191 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.19230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data reflecting the impact of photoprotection on cutaneous aging are scarce and mostly limited to fair skin. OBJECTIVE To assess the effectiveness of a photoprotective product in counteracting the photoaging process in different skin phototypes over 1 year compared against a classical routine. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two hundred and ninety Brazilian women aged 30-65 years, with skin phototype II-VI were equally randomized in two groups. Group 1 kept on their routine whereas Group 2 applied, twice daily, a photoprotective product (SPF 60, PPD = 24.1) replacing the one they routinely used. Volunteers reported the duration of their daily sun-exposure. Standardized photographs taken at D0 and D365 were analysed by 15 dermatologists to assess eight wrinkles and pigmentation signs. RESULTS A global increase in severity was reported which was significant for Group 1. This increase was lower in Group 2 where only half the signs showed significant worsening. In Group 2 versus Group 1, the increase in forehead wrinkles, marionette lines, wrinkles created by ptosis and size of dark spot was significantly (p < 0.05) decreased by 30%-50%. CONCLUSION Daily application of a high photoprotective product significantly decreases the progression of skin aging signs after 1 year in skin phototypes II-VI.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Flament
- L'Oréal Research and Innovation, Clichy, France
| | - D G Mercurio
- L'Oréal Research and Innovation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - E Catalan
- L'Oréal Research and Innovation, Clichy, France
| | | | - C Delaunay
- L'Oréal Research and Innovation, Clichy, France
| | | | - T Passeron
- Department of Dermatology, CHU Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
- INSERM, U1065, C3M, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
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Consumer Behavior, Skin Phototype, Sunscreens, and Tools for Photoprotection: A Review. COSMETICS 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/cosmetics10020039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Sunscreens and photoprotection tools along with consumer habits and behaviors, can mitigate the skin damage caused by excessive solar radiation. For example, protecting oneself in the shade, avoiding inadequate sun exposure at times of higher incidence of UVB radiation (between 10:00 a.m. and 4:00 p.m.), wearing clothes with sun protection factors, applying sunscreens at the correct amounts and intervals, and wearing glasses with anti-UVA and UVB lenses are effective measures for protecting an individual. Therefore, the objective of this review was to highlight the importance of photoprotection for all skin phototypes, as skin cancer is a worldwide public health problem. In this review of the scientific literature on the Scopus platform between 2015 and 2022, we addressed the most common behaviors among different individuals and their phototypes, the importance of clarifying population habits against solar radiation, and the use of sunscreens and photoprotection tools to provide advice on healthy and safe sun exposure.
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Milich KA, Griffin CE, Dong C. Comparison of three canine nose guards for reduction of ultraviolet (UVA and UVB) solar radiation. Vet Dermatol 2023; 34:64-69. [PMID: 36250244 DOI: 10.1111/vde.13132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protection from solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation is paramount for some dermatological conditions, yet there are no studies assessing UV nose guards for dogs. OBJECTIVES Compare the ability of three nasal guards to block solar UV radiation (UVR) from the canine nose, using two commercial products and one created by the authors. ANIMALS Four fabric model dogs were used in this prospective controlled trial. MATERIALS AND METHODS Each model had a UV dosimeter applied to the dorsal nose and anterior nasal planum. Three models had nose protectors applied: (1) a mesh hood (OutFox Field Guard, OutFox For Dogs); (2) a fabric nose shield (Nose Protector, Dog Nose Protectors); or (3) a basket muzzle with ultraviolet protection factor (UPF) 50+ fabric developed by the authors. The control had no protective device applied. All the models were placed in direct sunlight and measurements taken over nine 2 h time periods. Total cumulative UVR was analysed for each location and type of guard or control. RESULTS All guards provided statistically significant UV protection compared to control at all time points (p < 0.001). The basket muzzle with UPF 50+ guard was consistent in protecting the dorsal and anterior nose, blocking 94.2% and 94.3% UVR, respectively. The fabric nose protector blocked 99.2% UVR from the dorsal and 82.9% anterior. The mesh hood blocked 72.5% of UVR dorsal and 71.4% anterior. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Two guards were superior in blocking UVR; however, the choice of UV guard in a clinical setting depends on an individual's disease location and tolerance of the device.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Charli Dong
- Animal Dermatology Clinic, Pasadena, California, USA
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Cruz RYMS, Arévalo SV, Rashid A, Jara MRA, Prado MSA. Antioxidant and photoprotective potential of Polypodium leucotomos. EXPLORATION OF MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.37349/emed.2022.00117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, Polypodium leucotomos has emerged with a great interest for having medicinal and therapeutic potential. It is producing very promising results due to the presence of antioxidant and photoprotective properties. Electronic libraries and databases, including Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and Web of Science were searched to identify relevant studies; 79 publications contributed to this review regarding Polypodium leucotomos botanical aspects, chemical composition, antioxidant and photoprotective activity. It is used in complementary and alternative therapies with various pharmaceutical dosage forms (systemic or topical). Thanks to the composition of phytochemical constituents present in the leaves and rhizomes which confer antioxidant and photoprotective activity that has clinical therapeutic potential to be used as systemic and topical sunscreen of natural origin for the prevention of different types of skin diseases caused by harmful ultraviolet A and ultraviolet B radiations. However, more studies are needed in the future to test the ability and enhance the capacity of sunscreen and sunblock in cosmetic formulations. To conclude, it is recommended to carry out scientific studies based on different analytical methods to evaluate the phytoconstituents potential and to develop stable pharmaceutical formulations according to the skin phototype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosy Yesela Mancilla Santa Cruz
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; Professional School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, National University of San Cristóbal of Huamanga, Ayacucho 05001, Peru
| | - Sharon Velásquez Arévalo
- Department of Pharmacotechnics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, National University of Trujillo, Trujillo 13011, Peru
| | - Anas Rashid
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Torino, Torino 10125, Italy
| | - Marco Rolando Aronés Jara
- Professional School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, National University of San Cristóbal of Huamanga, Ayacucho 05001, Peru
| | - María Segunda Aurora Prado
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
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Abstract
Melasma is a multifactorial dyschromia that results from exposure to external factors (such as solar radiation) and hormonal factors (such as sex hormones and pregnancy), as well as skin inflammation (such as contact dermatitis and esthetic procedures), in genetically predisposed individuals. Beyond hyperfunctional melanocytes, skin with melasma exhibits a series of structural and functional alterations in the epidermis, basement membrane, and upper dermis that interact to elicit and sustain a focal hypermelanogenic phenotype. Evolution in the knowledge of the genetic basis of melasma and the cutaneous response to solar radiation, as well as the roles of endocrine factors, antioxidant system, endothelium proliferation, fibroblast senescence, mast cell degranulation, autophagy deficits of the melanocyte, and the paracrine regulation of melanogenesis, will lead to the development of new treatments and preventive strategies. This review presents current knowledge on these aspects of the pathogenesis of melasma and discusses the effects of specific treatments and future research on these issues.
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Young AR, Schalka S, Temple RC, Simeone E, Sohn M, Kohlmann C, Morelli M. Innovative digital solution supporting sun protection and vitamin D synthesis by using satellite-based monitoring of solar radiation. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2022; 21:1853-1868. [DOI: 10.1007/s43630-022-00263-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Taylor SC, Alexis AF, Armstrong AW, Chiesa Fuxench ZC, Lim HW. Misconceptions of photoprotection in skin of color. J Am Acad Dermatol 2022; 86:S9-S17. [PMID: 34942293 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2021.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Terrestrial sunlight is the portion of electromagnetic radiation that is emitted by the sun and reaches Earth's surface. It encompasses 3 major components: UV radiation (290-400 nm), visible light (400-700 nm), and infrared radiation. The deleterious effects of UV radiation have been appreciated for decades, particularly among those with light skin tones (Fitzpatrick skin types I-II) who primarily manifest with burns of varying degrees of severity with sun exposure. In recent years, studies have increasingly shown the negative impact of visible light on skin health, particularly in individuals with skin of color (Fitzpatrick skin types IV-VI), including the exacerbation of hyperpigmentation disorders such as melasma and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, as well as induction of the former. Recommendations from medical societies and the US Food and Drug Administration for photoprotection have been evolving along with the knowledge base. Yet, misconceptions about skin damage related to sunlight and the benefits of photoprotection (particularly among those with Fitzpatrick skin types V-VI) are still prevalent among both clinicians and patients. Among patients with skin of color, disorders of hyperpigmentation and other consequences from sun exposure have been associated with impaired skin health and negative burden on quality of life. This review summarizes currently available evidence of the impact of both UV and visible wavelengths and the low utilization of photoprotection measures among people with skin of color, with the goal of providing recommendations to help educate patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan C Taylor
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
| | - Andrew F Alexis
- Department of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - April W Armstrong
- Department of Dermatology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Zelma C Chiesa Fuxench
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Henry W Lim
- Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, Michigan
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Addor FAS, Barcaui CB, Gomes EE, Lupi O, Marçon CR, Miot HA. Sunscreen lotions in the dermatological prescription: review of concepts and controversies. An Bras Dermatol 2022; 97:204-222. [PMID: 35039207 PMCID: PMC9073257 DOI: 10.1016/j.abd.2021.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The skin is regularly exposed to several environmental aggressions, including solar radiation, whose biological effects can induce sunburn, dyschromia, skin aging and cancer. Among the photoprotection measures, sunscreens comprise a relevant part of the strategy aimed to prevent solar radiation damage and, for effective action, the patient must adhere to the product use and the latter, in turn, must follow technical parameters to promote adequate protection. This review article brings together the most current and relevant concepts about photoprotection for dermatological use, including the challenges for their formulation, the risks of certain photoprotective active substances for individual and environmental safety and the importance of stringency in determining the product efficacy, considering the regulatory aspects, highlighting relevant differences between Brazil and other countries. Thus, when assessing a sunscreen, not only the visual aspects and sensory perception will be immediately evaluated, but also the quality and suitability of the vehicle, the chemical composition of the formulation, the environmental risks, the photostability of the screening system, and the measurement of its protection spectrum. Technical knowledge of sunscreens can help dermatologists in this important role of educating patients about the best photoprotective strategies in each situation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carlos Baptista Barcaui
- Dermatology, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Dermatology, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Elimar Elias Gomes
- Cancer Center, Beneficência Portuguesa de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Omar Lupi
- Dermatology Service, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Policlínica Geral do Rio de Janeiro (PGRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Clinical Immunology Service, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Hélio Amante Miot
- Dermatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
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Amaral CSFD, Jordão ÉADOC, Oliveira CLD, Felix MMR, Kuschnir MCC, Kuschnir FC. Asthma and vitamin D in Brazilian adolescents: Study of Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents (ERICA). J Bras Pneumol 2021; 47:e20210281. [PMID: 34932722 PMCID: PMC8836642 DOI: 10.36416/1806-3756/e20210281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the association between asthma prevalence and serum levels of vitamin D in Brazilian adolescents. Methods: This was a cross-sectional, school-based study involving adolescents between 12-17 years of age from four large Brazilian cities located at different latitudes (Fortaleza, Rio de Janeiro, Brasília, and Porto Alegre). Information on asthma diagnosis, lifestyle, and sociodemographic characteristics was collected by means of self-administered questionnaires. Serum concentrations of calcifediol were dichotomized as sufficient (≥ 20 ng/mL) or insufficient/deficient (< 20 ng/mL) levels. Bivariate analyses were carried out between vitamin D levels and prevalence of active asthma (AA), as well as other variables in study, using the chi-square test. Generalized linear models were configured to analyze potential confounding factors (p < 0.20). Results: Between 2013 and 2014, 1,053 adolescents were evaluated. The prevalences of AA and insufficient/deficient levels of calcifediol were 15.4% and 21%, respectively. There were no statistically significant associations between AA and hypovitaminosis D. The prevalences of AA and vitamin D insufficiency were, respectively, 2.34 (95% CI, 1,28-4.30) and 3.22 (95% CI, 1.75-5.95) times higher in Porto Alegre than in Rio de Janeiro, regardless of possible confounding factors. However, no significant associations were found between the prevalence of AA and vitamin-D-related variables in any of the cities. Conclusions: No association was found between AA and low levels of vitamin D in adolescents living at different latitudes in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia Soïdo Falcão do Amaral
- . Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro - UERJ - Rio de Janeiro (RJ) Brasil
| | | | - Cecília Lacroix de Oliveira
- . Departamento de Nutrição Aplicada, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro - UERJ - Rio de Janeiro (RJ) Brasil
| | - Mara Morelo Rocha Felix
- . Escola de Medicina e Cirurgia, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro - UNIRIO - Rio de Janeiro (RJ) Brasil
| | - Maria Cristina Caetano Kuschnir
- . Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro - UERJ - Rio de Janeiro (RJ) Brasil.,. Núcleo de Estudos da Saúde do Adolescente, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro - NESA/UERJ - Rio de Janeiro (RJ) Brasil
| | - Fábio Chigres Kuschnir
- . Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro - UERJ - Rio de Janeiro (RJ) Brasil.,. Departamento de Pediatria, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro - UERJ - Rio de Janeiro (RJ) Brasil
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14
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Mazeto IFDS, Esposito ACC, Cassiano DP, Miot HA. Sun exposure (UVB, UVA, and blue-violet visible light) in ordinary daily situations. Int J Dermatol 2021; 61:e291-e293. [PMID: 34817887 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.16019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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15
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Design, Preparation, and Characterization of Effective Dermal and Transdermal Lipid Nanoparticles: A Review. COSMETICS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/cosmetics8020039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Limited permeability through the stratum corneum (SC) is a major obstacle for numerous skin care products. One promising approach is to use lipid nanoparticles as they not only facilitate penetration across skin but also avoid the drawbacks of conventional skin formulations. This review focuses on solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), nanostructured lipid nanocarriers (NLCs), and nanoemulsions (NEs) developed for topical and transdermal delivery of active compounds. A special emphasis in this review is placed on composition, preparation, modifications, structure and characterization, mechanism of penetration, and recent application of these nanoparticles. The presented data demonstrate the potential of these nanoparticles for dermal and transdermal delivery.
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16
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Passeron T, Lim HW, Goh CL, Kang HY, Ly F, Morita A, Ocampo Candiani J, Puig S, Schalka S, Wei L, Dréno B, Krutmann J. Photoprotection according to skin phototype and dermatoses: practical recommendations from an expert panel. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2021; 35:1460-1469. [PMID: 33764577 PMCID: PMC8252523 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.17242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence on the impact of the different wavelengths of sunlight on the skin demonstrates the need for tailored recommendations of sunscreen according to skin phototype and dermatoses, which is now possible due to advances in the filters and formulations of sunscreens. A selective literature search was performed by an international expert panel, focusing on the type of sunscreen to recommend for photoaging, skin cancers, photodermatoses, pigmentary disorders and skin inflammatory disorders. Protection against ultraviolet (UV)B is especially important for light skin as there is a high risk of sunburn, DNA damage and skin cancers. Darker skin may be naturally better protected against UVB but is more prone to hyperpigmentation induced by visible light (VL) and UVA. Protection against UVA, VL and infrared A can be helpful for all skin phototypes as they penetrate deeply and cause photoaging. Long‐wave UVA1 plays a critical role in pigmentation, photoaging, skin cancer, DNA damage and photodermatoses. Adapting the formulation and texture of the sunscreen to the type of skin and dermatoses is also essential. Practical recommendations on the type of sunscreen to prescribe are provided to support the clinician in daily practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Passeron
- Department of Dermatology, Côte d'Azur University, Nice University Hospital Center, Nice, France.,INSERM U1065, C3M, Côte d'Azur University, Nice, France
| | - H W Lim
- Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - C-L Goh
- National Skin Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - H Y Kang
- Department of Dermatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - F Ly
- Department of Dermatology, Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar University, EPS Institute of Social Hygiene, Dakar, Senegal
| | - A Morita
- Department of Geriatric and Environmental Dermatology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - J Ocampo Candiani
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Faculty University Hospital of Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - S Puig
- Melanoma Unit, Dermatology Department, Barcelona University Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Schalka
- Medcin Skin Research Center and Biochemistry Department, Chemistry Institute of São Paulo University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - L Wei
- Department of Dermatology, The General Hospital of Air Force PLA, Beijing, China
| | - B Dréno
- Department of Dermato-Oncology, CIC 1413, CRCINA, Nantes University Hospital Center, Nantes, France
| | - J Krutmann
- IUF Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Dusseldorf, Germany.,Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Dusseldorf, Germany
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17
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Sun-induced production of vitamin D 3 throughout 1 year in tropical and subtropical regions: relationship with latitude, cloudiness, UV-B exposure and solar zenith angle. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2021; 20:265-274. [PMID: 33721248 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-021-00015-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the differences in vitamin D3 synthesis in two different latitudes throughout 1 year using an in vitro model, which simulates cutaneous vitamin D photoproduction. Borosilicate ampoules containing 7-dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC) were exposed to sunlight hourly throughout the daylight hours, 1 day per month for a year, in Fortaleza (latitude 03° 43' 01" S-LAT3° S) and Sao Paulo (latitude 23° 32' 53" S-LAT23° S). Later, vitamin D3 and photoisomers of 7-DHC (tachysterol and lumisterol) were measured by a high-performance liquid chromatography system (HPLC). Vitamin D synthesis weighted UV radiation (UVBVitD) and solar zenith angle (SZA) were calculated during the same periods for both latitudes. Vitamin D3 synthesis occurred throughout the year in both locations, as expected in latitudes lower than 35°. Median of photoconversion to vitamin D3 through the year was higher in LAT3°S [median (IQR): LAT 3°S 4.1% (6.0); LAT 23°S 2.9% (4.5); p value = 0.020]. Vitamin D3 production strongly correlated with UV-B (LAT3° S, r = 0.917; p < 0.0001 and at LAT23° S, r = 0.879; p < 0.0001) and SZA (LAT3° S, r = - 0.924; p < 0.0001 and in LAT23°S, r = - 0.808; p < 0.0001). Vitamin D3 production starts later in LAT23° S, especially in winter. Lowest percentages were observed in June in both cities, although, compared to LAT3° S, in LAT 23° S the conversion was over 50% lower in the winter period. Cloudiness impaired photoproduction of Vitamin D3 even in summer months in both latitudes. Our results provide data to help guide medical recommendations for sensible sun exposure to promote the cutaneous production of vitamin D3 at different latitudes, seasonality, time of day and cloudiness status in Brazil.
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18
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Abstract
Urbanization, pollution and the modification of natural landscapes are characteristics of modern society, where the change in human relations with the environment and the impact on biodiversity are environmental determinants that affect the health-disease relationship. The skin is an organ that has a strong interface with the environment and, therefore, the prevalence patterns of dermatoses may reflect these environmental changes. In this article, aspects related to deforestation, fires, urbanization, large-scale agriculture, extensive livestock farming, pollution and climatic changes are discussed regarding their influence on the epidemiology of skin diseases. It is important that dermatologists be aware of their social responsibility in order to promote sustainable practices in their community, in addition to identifying the impacts of environmental imbalances on different dermatoses, which is essential for the prevention and treatment of these diseases.
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19
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Alcantara GP, Esposito ACC, Olivatti TOF, Yoshida MM, Miot HA. Evaluation of ex vivo melanogenic response to UVB, UVA, and visible light in facial melasma and unaffected adjacent skin. An Bras Dermatol 2020; 95:684-690. [PMID: 33010989 PMCID: PMC7672495 DOI: 10.1016/j.abd.2020.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The independent role of solar radiation in the differential melanogenesis between melasma and adjacent skin is unknown. OBJECTIVES To assess the melanogenic responses of skin with facial melasma and of the adjacent skin to UVB, UVA, and visible light, in an ex vivo model. METHODS This was a quasi-experimental study involving 22 patients with melasma. Facial melasma and adjacent skin samples were collected and stored in DMEM medium, at room temperature. One fragment was placed under the protection from light, while another was exposed to UVB, UVA, and visible light (blue-violet component): 166 mJ/cm2, 1.524 J/cm2, and 40 J/cm2, respectively. Subsequently, all samples were kept for 72 hours in a dark environment and stained by Fontana-Masson to assess basal layer pigmentation, dendrites, and melanin granulation. RESULTS Effective melanogenesis was observed in the basal layer in melasma and in the normal adjacent skin after all irradiations (p < 0.01), with the following median increment: UVB (4.7% vs. 8.5%), UVA (9.5% vs. 9.9%), and visible light (6.8% vs. 11.7%), with no significant difference between anatomical sites. An increase in melanin granulation (coarser melanosomes) was observed only after irradiation with UVA and only in the skin with melasma (p = 0.05). An increase in the melanocyte dendrite count induced by UVB radiation was observed in both anatomical sites (p ≤ 0.05). STUDY LIMITATIONS Use of an ex vivo model, with independent irradiation regimes for UVB, UVA, and visible light. CONCLUSIONS Melanogenesis induced by UVB, UVA, and visible light was observed both in melasma and in the adjacent skin. The morphological patterns suggest that different irradiations promote individualized responses on the skin with melasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovana Piteri Alcantara
- Department of Dermatology and Radiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Hélio Amante Miot
- Department of Dermatology and Radiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
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20
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Yoshida MM, Esposito ACC, Miot HA. UVB, UVA, and visible light (blue-violet range) transmittance of clothing used in Brazil. An Bras Dermatol 2020; 95:768-770. [PMID: 32972814 PMCID: PMC7672391 DOI: 10.1016/j.abd.2020.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hélio Amante Miot
- Department of Dermatology and Radiotherapy, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
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21
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Nii D, Espósito AC, Peres G, Schmitt JV, Miot H. Tinted sunscreens lead to a smaller amount of the product applied on the face. Int J Dermatol 2020; 59:e438-e439. [PMID: 32808298 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.15151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Nii
- Departamento de Dermatologia e Radioterapia, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana C Espósito
- Departamento de Dermatologia e Radioterapia, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Peres
- Departamento de Dermatologia e Radioterapia, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliano V Schmitt
- Departamento de Dermatologia e Radioterapia, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Helio Miot
- Departamento de Dermatologia e Radioterapia, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
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22
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Nationwide vitamin D status in older Brazilian adults and its determinants: The Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSI). Sci Rep 2020; 10:13521. [PMID: 32782304 PMCID: PMC7419299 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70329-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about vitamin D status in older adults in South America, where exposures to ultra-violet radiation are high. We examined the distribution of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) concentration and its determinants in a nationally representative sample of Brazilians aged 50 years and older. Explanatory variables included environment and individuals’ characteristics from the ELSI baseline survey (2015–16). Among the 2,264 participants (mean age = 62.6 years), the geometric mean of 25OHD concentration was 66.8 nmol/L. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (< 30 nmol/L) and insufficiency (< 50 nmol/L) were 1.7% (95% CI 1.0, 2.8) and 16% (95% CI 12, 20), respectively. Mean concentrations were lower in those geographical regions situated at lower latitudes. Those at the oldest age, women, self-classified as Black and Brown, living in urban areas and current smokers were more likely to have vitamin D insufficiency, independent of each other and other relevant factors. In contrast, individuals who eat fish regularly were considerably less likely to present lower concentration. Based on these findings it is possible to estimate that about 875,000 older Brazilians have vitamin D deficiency and 7.5 million its insufficiency.
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23
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Melo TGD, Rosvailer MSC, Carvalho VOD. BATHING, MAKE-UP, AND SUNSCREEN: WHICH PRODUCTS DO CHILDREN USE? REVISTA PAULISTA DE PEDIATRIA 2020; 38:e2018319. [PMID: 32401944 PMCID: PMC7212586 DOI: 10.1590/1984-0462/2020/38/2018319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the hygiene practices and frequency of use of personal hygiene
products, cosmetics, and sunscreen among children and adolescents. Methods: Cross-sectional study with interviews about skincare conducted with
caregivers through closed-ended questions. We included patients up to 14
years of age waiting for consultation in pediatric outpatient clinics of a
tertiary hospital. We performed a descriptive statistical analysis and
applied the Kruskal-Wallis test and Fisher’s exact test to compare the
practices according to maternal schooling. Results: We conducted 276 interviews. The median age of the participants was age
four, and 150 (54.3%) were males. A total of 143 (51.8%) participants bathed
once a day and 128 (46.3%) bathed two or more times a day, lasting up to ten
minutes in 132 (47.8%) cases. Adult soap was used by 103 (37.3%) children
and bar soap by 220 (79.7%). Fifty-three (19.2%) participants used sunscreen
daily. Perfume was used by 182 (65.9%) children, hair gel by 98 (35.5%),
nail polish by 62 (22.4%), and some type of make-up by 71 (25.7%) -
eyeshadow by 30 (10.8%), lipstick by 52 (18.8%), face powder and mascara by
13 (4.7%). Make-up use started at a median age of 4 years. Henna tattoo was
done in eight children. Conclusions: The children studied used unsuitable products for their skin, such as those
intended for adults, used sunscreen inadequately, and started wearing
make-up early, evidencing the need for medical orientation.
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24
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Schidlowski L, Liebert F, Iankilevich PG, Rebellato PRO, Rocha RA, Almeida NAP, Jain A, Wu Y, Itan Y, Rosati R, Prando C. Non-syndromic Oculocutaneous Albinism: Novel Genetic Variants and Clinical Follow Up of a Brazilian Pediatric Cohort. Front Genet 2020; 11:397. [PMID: 32411182 PMCID: PMC7198815 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) is a genetic disorder characterized by skin, hair, and eye hypopigmentation due to a reduction or absence of melanin. Clinical manifestations include vision problems and a high susceptibility to skin cancer. In its non-syndromic form, OCA is associated with six genes and one chromosomal region. Because OCA subtypes are not always clinically distinguishable, molecular analysis has become an important tool for classifying types of OCA, which facilitates genetic counseling and can guide the development of new therapies. We studied eight Brazilian individuals aged 1.5–18 years old with clinical diagnosis of OCA. Assessment of ophthalmologic characteristics showed results consistent with albinism, including reduced visual acuity, nystagmus, and loss of stereoscopic vision. We also observed the appearance of the strabismus and changes in static refraction over a 2-year period. Dermatologic evaluation showed that no participants had preneoplastic skin lesions, despite half of the participants reporting insufficient knowledge about skin care in albinism. Whole-exome and Sanger sequencing revealed eight different mutations: six in the TYR gene and two in the SLC45A2 gene, of which one was novel and two were described in a population study but were not previously associated with the OCA phenotype. We performed two ophthalmological evaluations, 2 years apart; and one dermatological evaluation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to perform clinical follow-up and genetic analysis of a Brazilian cohort with albinism. Here, we report three new OCA causing mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laire Schidlowski
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, Brazil.,Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Fernando Liebert
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, Brazil.,Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Aayushee Jain
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Yiming Wu
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Yuval Itan
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States.,The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Roberto Rosati
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, Brazil.,Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Carolina Prando
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, Brazil.,Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, Brazil.,Hospital Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, Brazil
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25
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Lyons AB, Trullas C, Kohli I, Hamzavi IH, Lim HW. Photoprotection beyond ultraviolet radiation: A review of tinted sunscreens. J Am Acad Dermatol 2020; 84:1393-1397. [PMID: 32335182 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2020.04.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet radiation and visible light both have biologic effects on the skin. Visible light can induce erythema in light-skinned individuals and pigmentation in dark-skinned individuals. Broad-spectrum sunscreens protect against ultraviolet radiation but do not adequately protect against visible light. For a sunscreen to protect against visible light, it must be visible on the skin. Inorganic filters (also known as mineral filters), namely, zinc oxide and titanium dioxide, are used in the form of nanoparticles in sunscreens to minimize the chalky and white appearance on the skin; as such, they do not protect against visible light. Tinted sunscreens use different formulations and concentrations of iron oxides and pigmentary titanium dioxide to provide protection against visible light. Many shades of tinted sunscreens are available by combining different amounts of iron oxides and pigmentary titanium dioxide to cater to all skin phototypes. Therefore, tinted sunscreens are beneficial for patients with visible light-induced photodermatoses and those with hyperpigmentation disorders such as melasma and postinflammatory hyperpigmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis B Lyons
- Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
| | | | - Indermeet Kohli
- Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
| | | | - Henry W Lim
- Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan.
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26
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Ang BCH, Yap SC, Toh ZH, Lim EWL, Tan MMH, Nah GKM, Zhao PSB, Tan MCL. Refractive outcomes, corneal haze and endothelial cell loss after myopic photorefractive keratectomy in an Asian population: The Singapore Armed Forces' experience. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2020; 48:558-568. [DOI: 10.1111/ceo.13759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Chin Hou Ang
- Vision Performance Centre Military Medicine Institute, Singapore Armed Forces Singapore Singapore
- National Healthcare Group Eye Institute Tan Tock Seng Hospital Singapore Singapore
| | - Sae Cheong Yap
- Department of Family Medicine National University Health System Singapore Singapore
| | - Zhi Hong Toh
- National Healthcare Group Eye Institute Tan Tock Seng Hospital Singapore Singapore
| | - Edmund Wei Long Lim
- Vision Performance Centre Military Medicine Institute, Singapore Armed Forces Singapore Singapore
| | - Mellisa Mei Hui Tan
- DSO National Laboratories Defence Medical and Environmental Research Institute Singapore Singapore
| | - Gerard Kwang Ming Nah
- Vision Performance Centre Military Medicine Institute, Singapore Armed Forces Singapore Singapore
- W Eye Clinic Singapore Singapore
| | - Paul Song Bo Zhao
- Vision Performance Centre Military Medicine Institute, Singapore Armed Forces Singapore Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology National University Health System Singapore Singapore
| | - Marcus Chiang Lee Tan
- Vision Performance Centre Military Medicine Institute, Singapore Armed Forces Singapore Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology Jurong Health Services Singapore Singapore
- Raffles Hospital Raffles Medical Group Singapore Singapore
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27
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Grandi C, D’Ovidio MC. Balance between Health Risks and Benefits for Outdoor Workers Exposed to Solar Radiation: An Overview on the Role of Near Infrared Radiation Alone and in Combination with Other Solar Spectral Bands. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E1357. [PMID: 32093162 PMCID: PMC7068431 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17041357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Near infrared or infrared A (IRA) accounts for over 40% of the solar spectrum (SS) and is able to reach subcutaneous tissue as well as the retina. Outdoor workers are occupationally exposed to solar radiation (SR), but the level of exposure may differ widely depending on the job performed, time spent outdoors, latitude, altitude, season, personal protection, etc. Until now, risk assessment and management for outdoor workers has focused on the prevention of both acute and long-term effects on the eye and the skin due to solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) with little consideration of the other components of the SS (a possible exception is represented by visible radiation with reference to the eye). A growing body of evidence coming from in vitro studies indicates that IRA is involved in cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and may interfere with the respiratory chain in the mitochondria. Moreover, it can modulate gene expression and some metabolic pathways. The biological action of IRA is only partly attributable to a thermal mechanism, should it be also involved in photochemical ones. The cellular and molecular pathways affected by IRA are partly similar and partly different with respect to those involved in the case of visible ultraviolet A (UVA) and ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation. Consequently, the net effect of the SS is very difficult to predict at different levels of the biological organization, making more difficult the final balance of health risk and benefits (for the skin, eye, immune system, blood pressure, etc.) in a given exposure situation. Moreover, few in vivo studies and no epidemiological data are presently available in this regard. Investigating this topic may contribute to better defining the individual exposome. More practically, it is expected to bring benefits to the risk assessment and management for outdoor workers exposed to SS, contributing to: (1) better definition of the individual profiles of susceptibility, (2) more focused preventive and protective measures, (3) better implementation of the health surveillance and (4) a more effective information and training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Grandi
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Italian Workers’ Compensation Authority (INAIL), 00078 Monte Porzio Catone, Rome, Italy;
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28
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Deniz AAH, Abdik EA, Abdik H, Aydın S, Şahin F, Taşlı PN. Zooming in across the Skin: A Macro-to-Molecular Panorama. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1247:157-200. [DOI: 10.1007/5584_2019_442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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29
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Krutmann J, Passeron T, Gilaberte Y, Granger C, Leone G, Narda M, Schalka S, Trullas C, Masson P, Lim HW. Photoprotection of the future: challenges and opportunities. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2020; 34:447-454. [PMID: 31898355 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.16030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The use of sunscreens is an important and essential component of photoprotection. Since their introduction during the first half of the last century, sunscreens have benefited enormously from major technological advances such as the development of novel UV filters; as a result, their efficacy in preventing UV-induced erythema is unequivocal. More recently, however, new challenges have appeared, which have prompted a robust discussion about the safety of sunscreens. These include topics directly related to photoprotection of human skin such as improved/alternative methods for standardization of assessment of the efficacy of sunscreens, but also many others such as photoprotection beyond UV, concerns about human toxicity and ecological safety, the potential of oral photoprotective measures, consequences of innovative galenic formulations. On a first glance, some of these might raise questions and doubts among dermatologists, physicians and the general public about the use sunscreens as a means of photoprotection. This situation has prompted us to critically review such challenges, but also opportunities, based on existing scientific evidence. We conclude by providing our vision about how such challenges can be met best in the future in an attempt to create the ideal sunscreen, which should provide adequate and balanced protection and be easy and safe to use.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Krutmann
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Medical Faculty, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - T Passeron
- Department of Dermatology, Université Côte d'Azur. Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Nice, Nice, France.,Inserm U1065, C3M, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Y Gilaberte
- Dermatology Department, IIS Aragon, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain.,University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - C Granger
- Innovation and Development, ISDIN, Barcelona, Spain
| | - G Leone
- San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - M Narda
- Innovation and Development, ISDIN, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Schalka
- Medcin Skin Research Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - C Trullas
- Innovation and Development, ISDIN, Barcelona, Spain
| | - P Masson
- Phi Consulting, Bordeaux, France
| | - H W Lim
- Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
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30
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Silva MJFD, Rodrigues AM, Vieira IRS, Neves GDA, Menezes RR, Gonçalves EDGDR, Pires MCC. Development and characterization of a babassu nut oil-based moisturizing cosmetic emulsion with a high sun protection factor. RSC Adv 2020; 10:26268-26276. [PMID: 35519748 PMCID: PMC9055432 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra00647e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A stable moisturizing cosmetic emulsion was developed from babassu nut oil and high concentrations of sunscreens. Babassu nut oil was chosen because within the laboratory time-scale, this vegetable oil showed stable physicochemical properties (relative density, acidity index, and refracted index) and a good ratio between lauric and myristic fatty acids. The presence of these saturated fatty acids can confer specific activities to the cosmetic emulsion, such as antiviral, bactericidal, and anti-inflammatory activity. The prepared cosmetic emulsion, even after the centrifugation test (3000 rpm for 15 min), showed a creamy appearance with stable light-yellow coloration and the typical odor of babassu nut oil-based products. In the accelerated stability assays (pH, viscosity, and globule homogeneity), the cosmetic emulsion was kept at different temperatures (2.0 ± 0.2 °C (TG), 25 ± 2 °C (TA), and 40 ± 2 °C (TE)) and time durations (24 hours (t0), 7 days (t7), 15 days (t15), and 30 days (t30)). Finally, developed the cosmetic emulsion was investigated for occlusive properties and in vitro sun protection factor (SPF). Both were measured at room temperature and did not change significantly under the experimental conditions employed. The maximum experimental value measured in the in vitro occlusive test was equal to 34.2 ± 2.8, and the SPF was 39 ± 1.6 (t0) and 38 ± 2.9 (t30). In agreement with European and Brazilian legislations, the obtained babassu oil-based cosmetic emulsion is classified to have a high sun protection factor. A stable moisturizing cosmetic emulsion was developed from babassu nut oil and high concentrations of sunscreens.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alisson Mendes Rodrigues
- Universidade Federal de Campina Grande
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia
- Unidade Acadêmica de Engenharia de Materiais
- Campina Grande
- Brazil
| | - Italo Rennan Sousa Vieira
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro
- Instituto de Química
- Pavilhão Reitor Haroldo Lisboa da Cunha
- Rio de Janeiro
- Brazil
| | - Gelmires de Araújo Neves
- Universidade Federal de Campina Grande
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia
- Unidade Acadêmica de Engenharia de Materiais
- Campina Grande
- Brazil
| | - Romualdo Rodrigues Menezes
- Universidade Federal de Campina Grande
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia
- Unidade Acadêmica de Engenharia de Materiais
- Campina Grande
- Brazil
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Standardization of organoid culture for evaluation of melanogenesis induced by UVB, UVA and visible light. An Bras Dermatol 2019; 95:46-51. [PMID: 31901368 PMCID: PMC7058865 DOI: 10.1016/j.abd.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Organoid cultures are primary cultures that maintain architectural characteristics and the relationships between cells, as well as the extracellular matrix. They are alternatives for pathophysiological or therapeutic investigation rather than animal and in vitro tests. Objective Development of a cutaneous organoid culture model, aiming at the study of radiation-induced melanogenesis. Method A validation study, which involved biopsies of the skin of the back of the adult ear. One sample was irradiated with different doses of UVB, UVA, or visible light (VL); the other was maintained in the dark for 72 h. The viability of the tissues was evaluated from the morphological and architectural parameters of the histology, and the expression of the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) gene, by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The radiation-induced melanin pigmentation was standardized according to the doses of each radiation and evaluated by digital image analysis (Fontana-Masson). Results The primary skin culture was standardized at room temperature using DMEM medium. The doses of UVB, UVA, and VL (blue light) that induced differential melanogenesis were: 166 mJ/cm2, 1.524 J/cm2, and 40 J/cm2. The expression of the GAPHD constitutional gene did not differ between the sample of skin processed immediately after tissue collection and the sample cultured for 72 h in the standardized protocol. Study limitations This was a preliminary study that evaluated only the viability and integrity of the melanogenic system, and the effect of the radiation alone. Conclusions The standardized model maintained viable melanocytic function for 72 h at room temperature, allowing the investigation of melanogenesis induced by different forms of radiation.
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Oliveira DS, Hillal JPD, Cordova DDP, de Araujo DB. The lupus patient traveller: a guide to the rheumatologist. Lupus 2019; 28:1690-1698. [PMID: 31718420 DOI: 10.1177/0961203319888688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
With an increasing number of international journeys occurring daily, there is also an increase in the need for appropriate medical advice for patients who will undertake such travel. In this context, the lupus patient presents a great challenge to the rheumatologist. However, the demand for such information by patients is low, and it has proven difficult for the medical community to adequately provide it. In this article, we carried out a literature review of the medical recommendations made for the lupus patient in order to guide the rheumatologist through the topic of travel medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Oliveira
- Internal Medicine Department, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Brazil
| | - J P D Hillal
- Internal Medicine Department, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Brazil
| | - D D P Cordova
- Internal Medicine Department, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Brazil
| | - D B de Araujo
- Internal Medicine Department, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Brazil
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33
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Araújo FM, Carmo JAD, Cunha LD, Martins IML, Gon ADS, Caldeira AP. Development and validation of an instrument to assess the knowledge of general practitioners and pediatricians about photoprotection and solar radiation. An Bras Dermatol 2019; 94:532-541. [PMID: 31777353 PMCID: PMC6857560 DOI: 10.1016/j.abd.2019.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The knowledge of general practitioners about photoprotection is unknown. OBJECTIVES To develop and validate an instrument to evaluate the knowledge of general practitioners and pediatricians about photoprotection, gauging the knowledge of these professionals. METHODS The study followed the steps: (1) Literature identification and item elaboration related to the theme; (2) Content validation; (3) Apparent validation; (4) Construct validation: internal consistency analysis and discriminatory analysis; (5) Reliability analysis. In Step 4, the instrument was applied to 217 general practitioners and pediatricians who worked in the host city of the study; the scores were compared with dermatologists scores. RESULTS The final instrument had 41 items and showed satisfactory internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha=0.780), satisfactory reproducibility and good test-retest reliability (good-to-excellent kappa statistic in more than 60% of items). The discriminatory analysis registered a mean score of 54.1 points for dermatologists and 31.1 points for generalists and pediatricians, from a total of 82 possible points, representing a statistically significant difference (p<0.001). Generalists and pediatricians demonstrated an understanding of the relationship between excessive sun exposure and skin cancer, but they revealed lack of technical information necessary for their professional practice. STUDY LIMITATIONS The instrument evaluates only knowledge, without evaluating the conduct of the participants. CONCLUSION The results show that the instrument has good internal consistency and good reproducibility. It could be useful in the identification of general practitioners and pediatricians knowledge gaps on the subject, for the subsequent development of training and educational strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Mendes Araújo
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Dermatology, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, MG, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, MG, Brazil.
| | | | - Letícia Diniz Cunha
- School of Medicine, Faculdades Integradas Pitágoras de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, MG, Brazil
| | - Igor Monteiro Lima Martins
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, MG, Brazil
| | - Airton Dos Santos Gon
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Dermatology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Antônio Prates Caldeira
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, MG, Brazil; Department of Pediatrics, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, MG, Brazil
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34
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Schalka S, de Paula Corrêa M, Sawada LY, Canale CC, de Andrade TN. A novel method for evaluating sun visible light protection factor and pigmentation protection factor of sunscreens. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2019; 12:605-616. [PMID: 31695466 PMCID: PMC6718061 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s207256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Introduction The role of visible light (VL) in the process of skin pigmentation by solar radiation has been demonstrated. Sunscreens with the presence of pigments, particularly iron oxide (IO), have a greater protective effect against VL and are, therefore, highly recommended for prevention and treatment of hyperpigmentation disorders. This study aimed to evaluate 33 sunscreen formulations, and through spectrophotometric measurements, proposes new methods to evaluate the VL protection factor and the pigmentation protection factor. Methods 33 sunscreen formulations marketed in Brazil were evaluated, including 17 products containing pigments and 16 products with no pigments. Spectrophotometric measurements were taken to determine solar VL protection factor and the pigmentation protection factor, based on the absorption curve of the product, the pigmentation action spectrum and sun spectrum. Results Sunscreen with pigments presented a higher solar VL protection factor and pigmentation protection factor compared to products without pigment. The statistical analysis showed a strong correlation between the solar VL protection factor and the integral of the absorption curve in the VL range and the transmittance reduction (%) in the same range. The correlation between the VL protection factor and the pigmentation protection factor was also demonstrated. Conclusion The VL protection factor and the pigmentation protection factor showed to be adequate metrics to estimate the effectiveness of sunscreens in the prevention of the pigmentary effect of solar VL and the pigmentary effect of the complete spectrum of immediate pigmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sérgio Schalka
- Department of Dermatology, Medcin Clinical Research Center, Osasco, Brazil
| | | | | | - Camila C Canale
- Department of Pharmacy, Medcin Clinical Research Center, Osasco, Brazil
| | - Thayna N de Andrade
- Department of Photoprotection, Medcin Clinical Research Center, Osasco, Brazil
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Geoffrey K, Mwangi AN, Maru SM. Sunscreen products: Rationale for use, formulation development and regulatory considerations. Saudi Pharm J 2019; 27:1009-1018. [PMID: 31997908 PMCID: PMC6978633 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2019.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The association of sunrays with skin damage have been known since medieval times. The description of the electromagnetic spectrum facilitated the identification of the ultraviolet light spectrum as being responsible for skin damage resulting from prolonged skin exposure. Sunscreens have been used since ancient civilizations with various measures to limit exposure to sun exposure being employed. Awareness of the risks associated with sunrays has been increasing in the last century, and as a result, the science, technologies, and formulation have advanced significantly. The use of sunscreen products continues rising as government health agencies seek to contain increasing cases of UV induced melanomas. Recreational sunbathing and artificial tanning have increased the risk for these diseases significantly. This review article sought to expound the scientific basis of sunscreen use, the classification, formulation, quality control and regulation across the different countries around the world. The literature review was conducted on Google scholar, PubMed, SCOPUS, Cochrane, BMJ, SCIELO among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiriiri Geoffrey
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, University of Nairobi, P.O Box 19676-00202, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - A N Mwangi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, University of Nairobi, P.O Box 19676-00202, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - S M Maru
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, University of Nairobi, P.O Box 19676-00202, Nairobi, Kenya
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36
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Schiavon D, Martini DN, Brocco G, Santos JS, Anzolin AP, Rossato-Grando LG, Omidian H, Bertol CD. Multifunctional Cosmetic Containing Blueberry and Tinosorb M®-Loaded Microparticles Improves Sunscreen Performance. Adv Pharm Bull 2019; 9:241-248. [PMID: 31380249 PMCID: PMC6664116 DOI: 10.15171/apb.2019.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: We aimed to evaluate the effect of blueberry extract and microparticles (MP) on sunscreen performance of multifunctional cosmetics. Octocrylene (OCT), benzophenone-3 (BENZ-3) and Tinosorb® M (MBBT) were employed as UV filters.
Methods: An in-silico modeling was used to determine the UV filters concentrations to obtain high values of sunscreen protection factor (SPF) and UVA protection factor (UVA-PF). MBBT and blueberry-loaded microparticles (MPMB+B) and MBBT-loaded microparticles (MPMBBT) were prepared by spray-drying. OCT and BENZ-3 were added in the oil phase of cosmetics. Cosmetics A and B contained MPMB+B and MPMBBT, respectively, and cosmetic C was prepared without MP. Characterization, physicochemical stability and in vitro SPF was performed. UV filters distribution in human stratum corneum (SC) for each cosmetic was performed. Anti-oxidant activity of blueberry extract was evaluated.
Results: Sunscreen combination with the highest SPF was selected for formulations. Formulations A and B maintained their rheological behavior over time, unlike formulation C. In-vitro SPFs for formulations A, B and C were 51.0, 33.7 and 49.6, respectively. We also developed and validated a method for analysis of the UV filters by HPLC/ PDA suitable for the in-vivo assay. In Tape stripping test, MBBT showed SC distribution similar for all cosmetic formulations. OCT and BENZ-3 distribution to formulation A and C was also similar. Blueberry extract showed antioxidant capacity of 16.71 μg/mL equivalent to vitamin C.
Conclusion: Cosmetics containing MPs presented better physical stability. Blueberry increased the photoprotective capacity of the formulations and added extra benefits due to its anti-oxidant and anti-aging properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiana Schiavon
- Curso de Farmácia, Universidade de Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Brasil
| | | | - Gabriela Brocco
- Curso de Farmácia, Universidade de Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Brasil
| | - Júlia Scherer Santos
- Curso de Farmácia, Centro Universitário União Dinâmica das Cataratas, Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná, Brasil
| | - Ana Paula Anzolin
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Envelhecimento Humano, Universidade de Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Brasil
| | - Luciana Grazziotin Rossato-Grando
- Curso de Farmácia, Universidade de Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Brasil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioexperimentação, Universidade de Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Brasil
| | - Hamid Omidian
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA
| | - Charise Dallazem Bertol
- Curso de Farmácia, Universidade de Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Brasil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Envelhecimento Humano, Universidade de Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Brasil
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Dallazem LND, Benvegnú AM, Stramari JM, Beber AAC, Chemello RML, Beck MDO. Knowledge and habits of sun exposure in university students: a cross-sectional study in Southern Brazil. An Bras Dermatol 2019; 94:172-181. [PMID: 31090822 PMCID: PMC6486079 DOI: 10.1590/abd1806-4841.20197507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excessive sun exposure is the major risk factor for skin cancer. Thus, sun exposure behavior is the major focus for prevention of this disease, since it is potentially modifiable. Increasing the knowledge on sun related habits and other skin cancer risk factors is fundamental in the development of preventive programs, especially when directed to young people. OBJECTIVES To assess the photoprotection habits and the knowledge about skin cancer in college students. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study from Oct. 16 to Feb. 17, including 371 students from the Federal University of Santa Maria, RS, Brazil, through a self-administered questionnaire. RESULTS The level of knowledge about skin cancer and photoprotection was unsatisfactory in more than 10% of the students. The occurrence of sunburn was extremely high among students, and 25% reported at least one episode of second degree sunburn. Proper use of sunscreen was referred by only 34% of individuals. Students who reported having received photo education in college were associated with a more consistent use of sunscreen. STUDY LIMITATIONS health area represented a large part of the sample; instrument validated outside Brazil. CONCLUSIONS Young people are unaware of basic information about sun protection and exposure. Even among those with proper knowledge, the use of photoprotective measures is very low. The sun exposure has shown to be excessive in most of the students, which makes this population an important target for photo-educational measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lia Natália Diehl Dallazem
- Program of Post-Graduation in Health Sciences,
Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria (RS), Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Benvegnú
- Discipline of Dermatology, Universidade Federal de Santa
Maria, Santa Maria (RS), Brazil
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Malcher CMSR, Tembra AL, Amorim FC, Souza TRMD, Pessoa MDS. Fotoproteção em Agentes Comunitários de Saúde (ACS) de Belém-PA. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE MEDICINA DE FAMÍLIA E COMUNIDADE 2019. [DOI: 10.5712/rbmfc14(41)1798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objetivo: Avaliar a fotoproteção dos Agentes Comunitários de Saúde (ACS) de 5 equipes da Estratégia Saúde da Família. Métodos: A casuística consistiu em 56 ACS, os quais foram submetidos a um questionário autoaplicável com perguntas sobre os hábitos de exposição solar e os conhecimentos acerca do assunto. Resultados: Verificou-se que 48,2% dos ACS se expunham ao sol durante 2 a 6 horas entre segunda e sexta-feira e que 55,4% deles tinham exposição entre 10 e 15 horas. Além disso, 58,9% dos ACS utilizam filtros solares raramente ou nunca e, entre esses, 53,6% os aplicam com frequência inadequada. Contudo, 100% dos pesquisados relataram conhecer as consequências negativas da exposição solar. Conclusão: A fotoproteção dos ACS foi considerada inadequada, já que poucos utilizam filtros solares e os que relataram o uso do produto o faziam de maneira inapropriada. Ademais, o conhecimento sobre os riscos e as consequências da exposição solar foi considerado excelente.
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Miot HA, Penna GDO, Ramos AMC, Penna MLF, Schmidt SM, Luz FB, Sousa MAJ, Palma SLL, Sanches Junior JA. Profile of dermatological consultations in Brazil (2018). An Bras Dermatol 2019; 93:916-928. [PMID: 30484547 PMCID: PMC6256211 DOI: 10.1590/abd1806-4841.20188802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dermatological diseases are among the primary causes of the demand for basic health care. Studies on the frequency of dermatoses are important for the proper management of health planning. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the nosological and behavioral profiles of dermatological consultations in Brazil. METHODS The Brazilian Society of Dermatology invited all of its members to complete an online form on patients who sought consultations from March 21-26, 2018. The form contained questions about patient demographics, consultation type according to the patient's funding, the municipality of the consultation, diagnosis, treatments and procedures. Diagnostic and therapeutic decisions were compared between subgroups. RESULTS Data from 9629 visits were recorded. The most frequent causes for consultation were acne (8.0%), photoaging (7.7%), nonmelanoma skin cancer (5.4%), and actinic keratosis (4.7%). The identified diseases had distinct patterns with regard to gender, skin color, geographic region, type of funding for the consultation, and age group. Concerning the medical conducts, photoprotection was indicated in 44% of consultations, surgical diagnostic procedures were performed in 7.3%, surgical therapeutic procedures were conducted in 19.2%, and cosmetic procedures were performed in 7.1%. STUDY LIMITATIONS Nonrandomized survey, with a sample period of one week. CONCLUSION This research allowed us to identify the epidemiological profiles of the demands of outpatients for dermatologists in various contexts. The results also highlight the importance of aesthetic demands in privately funded consultations and the significance of diseases such as acne, nonmelanoma skin cancer, leprosy, and psoriasis to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hélio Amante Miot
- Board of directors of the Sociedade Brasileira de Dermatologia, Rio
de Janeiro (RJ), Brasil
| | - Gerson de Oliveira Penna
- Tropical Medicine Nucleus, Universidade de Brasília,
Brasília (DF), Brasil
- Fiocruz School of Government, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz,
Brasília (DF), Brasil
| | | | | | - Sílvia Maria Schmidt
- Board of directors of the Sociedade Brasileira de Dermatologia, Rio
de Janeiro (RJ), Brasil
| | - Flávio Barbosa Luz
- Board of directors of the Sociedade Brasileira de Dermatologia, Rio
de Janeiro (RJ), Brasil
| | | | - Sérgio Luiz Lira Palma
- Board of directors of the Sociedade Brasileira de Dermatologia, Rio
de Janeiro (RJ), Brasil
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40
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Bernardes Filho F, Alves ADO, Towersey L, Hay R, Montag A, Coutinho ALF, Lupi O, Barreto JG, Frade MAC. The skin health of fishermen in Guanabara Bay, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Int J Dermatol 2019; 58:483-490. [DOI: 10.1111/ijd.14382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fred Bernardes Filho
- Dermatology Division; Department of Medical Clinics; Ribeirão Preto Medical School; University of São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto São Paulo Brazil
| | | | - Loan Towersey
- AIDS Division; Carlos Tortelly Municipal Hospital; Ministry of Health; Niteroi Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Roderick Hay
- International Foundation for Dermatology; London UK
| | | | - Ana L. F. Coutinho
- Instituto de Dermatologia Professor Rubem David Azulay; Santa Casa da Misericórdia do Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Omar Lupi
- Dermatology Department, Gaffree and Guinle University Hospital; Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Josafá G. Barreto
- Dermato-Immunology Laboratory; Federal University of Pará; Marituba Pará Brazil
- Spatial Epidemiology Laboratory; Federal University of Pará; Castanhal Pará Brazil
| | - Marco A. C. Frade
- Dermatology Division; Department of Medical Clinics; Ribeirão Preto Medical School; University of São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto São Paulo Brazil
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41
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Pereira LA, Luz FB, Carneiro CMMDO, Xavier ALR, Kanaan S, Miot HA. Evaluation of vitamin D plasma levels after mild exposure to the sun with photoprotection. An Bras Dermatol 2019; 94:56-61. [PMID: 30726465 PMCID: PMC6360984 DOI: 10.1590/abd1806-4841.20198070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most of the organism's vitamin D (VD) is obtained through the cutaneous synthesis after exposure to the sun's UVB radiation. Sunscreens are indicated for the prevention of actinic damage to the skin, however, there are few clinical trials assessing the synthesis of cutaneous VD in real-life situations of sun exposure with ordinary clothing and usual photoprotection. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the synthesis of VD with suberythemal sun exposure in healthy adults using topical photoprotection (SPF 30). METHODS Quasi-experimental study, conducted at Rio de Janeiro (Brazil), during winter, with 95 healthy adults who had 25-OH-VD checked twice, 24 hours apart, and were exposed to the sun (UVB=20 mJ/cm2), according to a randomized grouping: SC - use of SPF 30 on the face, neck and chest (n=64), NO - no sunscreens (n=10), CO - confined from sun exposure for 24h (n=21). The groups were matched according to the propensity score related to gender, age, phototype, body mass index, glycosylated hemoglobin and baseline levels of VD. The outcome evaluated was the variation (ΔVD) in serum level of 25-OH-VD (ng/ml) between the groups. RESULTS A statistically significant difference was identified between CO and SC groups [median (p25-p75)]: ΔVD =1.4 (-0.3-3.6) vs. 5.5 (4.8-6.6); p<0.01. There was no difference between SC and NO groups: 5.4 (3.1-6.1) vs. 4.1 (2.5-6.0); p=0.17. STUDY LIMITATIONS Laboratory analysis technique (chemiluminescence) with great variability, loss of food intake standardatization, unbalanced groups. CONCLUSIONS Suberythemal sun exposure with sunscreen (SPF 30) provides similar vitamin D serum variation than without photoprotection in healthy adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza Alonso Pereira
- Department of Dermatology, Universidade Federal Fluminense,
Niterói (RJ), Brasil
| | - Flávio Barbosa Luz
- Discipline of Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, Universidade
Federal Fluminense, Niterói (RJ), Brasil
| | | | - Ana Lucia Rampazzo Xavier
- Discipline of Pathology, Department of Pathology-Clinical
Biochemistry, Universidade Federal Fluminenese, Niterói (RJ), Brasil
| | - Salim Kanaan
- Discipline of Pathology, Department of Pathology-Clinical
Biochemistry, Universidade Federal Fluminenese, Niterói (RJ), Brasil
| | - Hélio Amante Miot
- Discipline of Dermatology, Department of Dermatology and
Radiotherapy, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu (SP), Brasil
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42
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Abstract
The solar radiation range has harmful and beneficial effects. Sunscreens, which selectively block specific spectral regions, may potentially interfere with skin homeostasis. For instance, the ultraviolet (UV) B waveband produces erythema and DNA damage; simultaneously, it induces pre-vitamin D3 synthesis. UVA1 and visible light can both induce pigmentation in skin phototypes IV–VI, and act in synergy to induce erythema and persistent pigment darkening. In contrast, UVA may contribute to blood pressure control and cardioprotection by inducing release of nitric oxide from intracutaneous photolabile nitric oxide derivatives. Finally, infrared A radiation alters the collagen equilibrium of the dermal extracellular matrix but is involved in the regulation of body temperature and in nitric oxide release, with a potential beneficial impact on blood pressure regulation. Ideally, photoprotection should thus be performed with a neutral density filter, mitigating all radiation ranges homogeneously, to maintain solar spectrum homeostasis. Natural compounds such as mycosporine-like amino acids are promising natural UV radiation-filtering compounds for an improved homeostasis with our environment. Lastly, we should not forget individual characteristics and behavior, as homeostasis differs according to individual phototypes and skin exposure behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Stengel
- Buenos Aires Skin, Avenida Cordoba 1184, 10 Piso. (1055), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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43
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Bittar FB, Castro CHM, Szejnfeld VL. Screening for vitamin D deficiency in a tropical area: results of a sun exposure questionnaire. BMC Endocr Disord 2018; 18:44. [PMID: 29970080 PMCID: PMC6029128 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-018-0272-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D deficiency is pandemic while resources available to measure 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) are limited. The present study aimed to verify whether sun exposure measured by a structured questionnaire could predict serum 25OHD concentrations in healthy Caucasian individuals living in a tropical area. METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried out in subjects living in the greater São Paulo area, Brazil. Two groups of 50 young (20 to 40 years old) and 50 older (60 to 80 years old) subjects (N = 200) answered a structured questionnaire on sun exposure and had blood samples drawn for serum 25OHD concentration measurement during both summer and winter. Anthropometric data were also recorded. Correlation between the questionnaire variables (duration of sun exposure, amount of exposed skin, total sun exposure score - TSES and other data) and serum 25OHD concentration was evaluated. RESULTS Mean serum 25OHD concentration was 17.60 ± 7.3 ng/mL with no difference between age groups (p = 0.293). TSES weakly correlated with serum 25OHD levels (r = 0.264; p < 0.001). Separate analyzes by age groups demonstrated that TSES correlated significantly with serum 25OHD concentration only in the older subjects during summer (r = 0.322; p = 0.023). Using linear regression analyses, TSES and body mass index (BMI) were significantly associated with serum 25OHD levels. On the other hand, Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis for TSES showed no significance as a screening tool for vitamin D deficiency (p = 0.172). CONCLUSION Sun exposure questionnaire associated with BMI correlates with serum 25OHD concentration with very low accuracy. The use of the questionnaire does not discriminate between vitamin D sufficient and deficient individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Barros Bittar
- Rheumatology Division, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - Escola Paulista de Medicina (UNIFESP-EPM), Rua Botucatu, 740 – 3° andar – Vila Clementino, CEP, São Paulo, SP 04023-900 Brazil
| | - Charlles H. M. Castro
- Rheumatology Division, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - Escola Paulista de Medicina (UNIFESP-EPM), Rua Botucatu, 740 – 3° andar – Vila Clementino, CEP, São Paulo, SP 04023-900 Brazil
| | - Vera Lúcia Szejnfeld
- Rheumatology Division, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - Escola Paulista de Medicina (UNIFESP-EPM), Rua Botucatu, 740 – 3° andar – Vila Clementino, CEP, São Paulo, SP 04023-900 Brazil
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44
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Brinker TJ, Heckl M, Gatzka M, Heppt MV, Resende Rodrigues H, Schneider S, Sondermann W, de Almeida E Silva C, Kirchberger MC, Klode J, Enk AH, Knispel S, von Kalle C, Stoffels I, Schadendorf D, Nakamura Y, Esser S, Assis A, Bernardes-Souza B. A Skin Cancer Prevention Facial-Aging Mobile App for Secondary Schools in Brazil: Appearance-Focused Interventional Study. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2018. [PMID: 29523502 PMCID: PMC5866300 DOI: 10.2196/mhealth.9794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The incidence of melanoma is increasing faster than any other major cancer both in Brazil and worldwide. Southeast Brazil has especially high incidences of melanoma, and early detection is low. Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a primary risk factor for developing melanoma. Increasing attractiveness is a major motivation among adolescents for tanning. A medical student-delivered intervention that takes advantage of the broad availability of mobile phones and adolescents’ interest in their appearance indicated effectiveness in a recent study from Germany. However, the effect in a high-UV index country with a high melanoma prevalence and the capability of medical students to implement such an intervention remain unknown. Objective In this pilot study, our objective was to investigate the preliminary success and implementability of a photoaging intervention to prevent skin cancer in Brazilian adolescents. Methods We implemented a free photoaging mobile phone app (Sunface) in 15 secondary school classes in southeast Brazil. Medical students “mirrored” the pupils’ altered 3-dimensional (3D) selfies reacting to touch on tablets via a projector in front of their whole grade accompanied by a brief discussion of means of UV protection. An anonymous questionnaire capturing sociodemographic data and risk factors for melanoma measured the perceptions of the intervention on 5-point Likert scales among 356 pupils of both sexes (13-19 years old; median age 16 years) in grades 8 to 12 of 2 secondary schools in Brazil. Results We measured more than 90% agreement in both items that measured motivation to reduce UV exposure and only 5.6% disagreement: 322 (90.5%) agreed or strongly agreed that their 3D selfie motivated them to avoid using a tanning bed, and 321 (90.2%) that it motivated them to improve their sun protection; 20 pupils (5.6%) disagreed with both items. The perceived effect on motivation was higher in female pupils in both tanning bed avoidance (n=198, 92.6% agreement in females vs n=123, 87.2% agreement in males) and increased use of sun protection (n=197, 92.1% agreement in females vs n=123, 87.2% agreement in males) and independent of age or skin type. All medical students involved filled in a process evaluation revealing that they all perceived the intervention as effective and unproblematic, and that all pupils tried the app in their presence. Conclusions The photoaging intervention was effective in changing behavioral predictors for UV protection in Brazilian adolescents. The predictors measured indicated an even higher prospective effectiveness in southeast Brazil than in Germany (>90% agreement in Brazil vs >60% agreement in Germany to both items that measured motivation to reduce UV exposure) in accordance with the theory of planned behavior. Medical students are capable of complete implementation. A randomized controlled trial measuring prospective effects in Brazil is planned as a result of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Titus Josef Brinker
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Translational Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marlene Heckl
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Munich, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Martina Gatzka
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, Ulm University Hospital, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Markus V Heppt
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Munich, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Sven Schneider
- Mannheim Institute of Public Health, Social and Preventive Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Wiebke Sondermann
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University-Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Michael C Kirchberger
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Joachim Klode
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University-Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Alexander H Enk
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sarah Knispel
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University-Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Christof von Kalle
- Department of Translational Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ingo Stoffels
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University-Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Dirk Schadendorf
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University-Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Yasuhiro Nakamura
- Department of Skin Oncology/Dermatology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Saitama, Germany
| | - Stefan Esser
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University-Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Aisllan Assis
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
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45
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Brinker TJ, Faria BL, Gatzka M, de Faria OM, Heppt MV, Kirchberger MC, Schadendorf D, Nakamura Y, Buslaff F, Lisboa OC, Oliveira ACC, Lino HA, Bernardes-Souza B. A skin cancer prevention photoageing intervention for secondary schools in Brazil delivered by medical students: protocol for a randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e018299. [PMID: 29511007 PMCID: PMC5855446 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-018299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The incidence of melanoma is increasing faster than any other major cancer both in Brazil and worldwide. The Southeast of Brazil has especially high incidences of melanoma, and early detection is low. Exposure to UV radiation represents a primary risk factor for developing melanoma. Increasing attractiveness is a major motivation for adolescents for tanning. A medical student-delivered intervention that harnesses the broad availability of mobile phones as well as adolescents' interest in their appearance may represent a novel method to improve skin cancer prevention. METHODS AND ANALYSIS We developed a free mobile app (Sunface), which will be implemented in at least 30 secondary school classes, each with 21 students (at least 30 classes with 21 students for control) in February 2018 in Southeast Brazil via a novel method called mirroring. In a 45 min classroom seminar, the students' altered three-dimensional selfies on tablets are 'mirrored' via a projector in front of their entire class, showing the effects of unprotected UV exposure on their future faces. External block randomisation via computer is performed on the class level with a 1:1 allocation. Sociodemographic data, as well as skin type, ancestry, UV protection behaviour and its predictors are measured via a paper-pencil questionnaire before as well as at 3 and 6 months postintervention. The primary end point is the group difference in the 30-day prevalence of daily sunscreen use at a 6-month follow-up. Secondary end points include (1) the difference in daily sunscreen use at a 3-month follow-up, (2) if a self-skin examination in accordance with the ABCDE rule was performed within the 6-month follow-up and (3) the number of tanning sessions. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethical approval was obtained from the ethics committee of the University of Itauna. Results will be disseminated at conferences and in peer-reviewed journals. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT03178240; Pre-results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Titus Josef Brinker
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), University Hospital Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Martina Gatzka
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Markus V Heppt
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Medical Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael C Kirchberger
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dirk Schadendorf
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Yasuhiro Nakamura
- Department of Skin Oncology/Dermatology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Fabian Buslaff
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), University Hospital Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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46
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The photoprotective and anti-inflammatory activity of red propolis extract in rats. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2018; 180:198-207. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2018.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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47
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Vasudeva V, Tenkanidiyoor YS, Peter AJ, Shetty J, Lakshman SP, Fernandes R, Patali KA. Radioprotective Efficacy of Lutein in Ameliorating Electron Beam Radiation-induced Oxidative Injury in Swiss Albino Mice. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2018; 43:41-51. [PMID: 29398751 PMCID: PMC5775993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lutein, a carotenoid compound, has previously been studied for its antioxidant and medicinal properties as well as the moderate protection it confers against gamma radiation. This study aimed at evaluating the effects of lutein against radiation-induced hematological and biochemical changes in mice. METHODS The optimized dose of the compound was orally administered for 15 days, and the mice were irradiated (6 Gy) on day 15 after the administration of the compound. The groups were divided (6 mice in each group) into normal control, radiation control, gallic acid control, 10% DMSO control, lutein control, and irradiated groups pretreated with gallic acid, 10% DMSO, and lutein. Gallic acid was used to maintain a standard since it is a proven radioprotector. Within 24 hours post irradiation, the animals were anesthetized and sacrificed. The hematological, biochemical, and antioxidant changes were determined using suitable methods. Data were analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier curve (log-rank test) and ANOVA (the Tukey test). The independent t test was used to compare the independent groups. SPSS (ver. 16) was employed. RESULTS Maximum survival was observed with a dose of 250 mg/kg b.wt lutein. The total leukocyte count and the percentage lymphocyte count exhibited a significant decline in the irradiated groups pretreated with gallic acid and lutein in comparison to their controls, whereas the percentage granulocyte count showed a significant rise. Antioxidant activity had markedly declined in the irradiated groups, indicating oxidative stress. Lutein pretreatment reduced the damage and maintained the antioxidant system. CONCLUSION The present study suggests a protective role for lutein in palliating radiation-induced oxidative changes and maintaining the antioxidant system in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidya Vasudeva
- Central Research Laboratory(CRL), K S Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte University, Mangalore, Karnataka
| | | | - Alex John Peter
- Department of Oncology, Nitte Leela Narayana Shetty Memorial Cancer Institute, Mangalore, Karnataka
| | - Jayaram Shetty
- Department of Oncology, Nitte Leela Narayana Shetty Memorial Cancer Institute, Mangalore, Karnataka
| | - Srikant Patil Lakshman
- Department of Physiology, K S Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte University, Mangalore, Karnataka
| | - Ronald Fernandes
- Department of Biochemistry, Nitte Gulabi Shetty Memorial Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nitte University, Mangalore, Karnataka
| | - Krishna Ananthapura Patali
- Department of Physiology, K S Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte University, Mangalore, Karnataka,Correspondence: Krishna Ananthapura Patali, PhD; Department of Physiology, K S Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte University, Mangalore, Karnataka: 575 018 Tel: +91 9845213997 Fax: 0824-2204162
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48
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Schalka S. New data on hyperpigmentation disorders. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2017; 31 Suppl 5:18-21. [DOI: 10.1111/jdv.14411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Schalka
- Department of Dermatology; Santo Amaro University Medical School; Santo Amaro Brazil
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49
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Barrea L, Savastano S, Di Somma C, Savanelli MC, Nappi F, Albanese L, Orio F, Colao A. Low serum vitamin D-status, air pollution and obesity: A dangerous liaison. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2017; 18:207-214. [PMID: 27645613 PMCID: PMC5486902 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-016-9388-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this review is to provide a general overview of the possible associations among the vitamin D status, air pollution and obesity. Sunlight exposure accounts in humans for more than 90 % of the production of vitamin D. Among emerging factors influencing sunlight-induced synthesis of vitamin D, prospective and observational studies proved that air pollution constitutes an independent risk factor in the pathogenesis of vitamin D hypovitaminosis. In addition, environmental pollutants can affect risk of obesity when inhaled, in combination with unhealthy diet and lifestyle. In turn, obesity is closely associated with a low vitamin D status and many possible mechanisms have been proposed to explain this association. The associations of air pollution with low vitamin D status on the hand and with obesity on the other hand, could provide a rationale for considering obesity as a further link between air pollution and low vitamin D status. In this respect, a vicious cycle could operate among low vitamin D status, air pollution, and obesity, with additive detrimental effects on cardio-metabolic risk in obese individuals. Besides vitamin D supplementation, nutrient combination, used to maximize the protective effects against air pollution, might also contribute to improve the vitamin D status by attenuating the "obesogen" effects of air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Barrea
- I. O.S. & COLEMAN Srl, 80011 Acerra, Naples, Italy
| | - Silvia Savastano
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unit of Endocrinology, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Lidia Albanese
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unit of Endocrinology, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Orio
- Department of Sports Science and Wellness, “Parthenope” University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Annamaria Colao
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unit of Endocrinology, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
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50
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Cardoso FADMES, Mesquita GV, Campelo V, Martins MDCDCE, Almeida CAPL, Rabelo RS, Rocha AEA, Santos JLOD. Prevalence of photoprotection and its associated factors in risk group for skin cancer in Teresina, Piauí. An Bras Dermatol 2017; 92:206-210. [PMID: 28538880 PMCID: PMC5429106 DOI: 10.1590/abd1806-4841.20174831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The incidence of skin cancer has increased worldwide, particularly melanoma rates, which had a mean development of 2.6 % a year in the last 10 years. The agreement on the relation between long-term or chronic exposure to the sun and the emergence of these neoplasias has made several workers who perform activities exposed to solar radiation to form a risk group for the development of skin cancer, community health agents included. OBJECTIVES: To analyze the prevalence of sunscreen-use-related factors to skin cancer in a labor risk group. METHODOLOGY: Cross-sectional study with community health agents selected through simple random sampling. After collecting data using semi-structured interviews, a descriptive analysis was performed for the qualitative variables, bivariate analysis was employed for checking the association between sunscreen use and sociodemographic, occupational and knowledge about skin variables, and multivariate analysis was conducted to check independent variables associated to sunscreen use. A 5% significance level was used. Results: Of 261 health gents selected, 243 were able to participate in the study. The prevalence rate of sunscreen use was 34.2% (95% CI: 28.2-40.2). Factors associated with sunscreen use were female sex, advanced age, use of sunscreen in situations when the skin got burnt, knowledge of the negative effects of the sun on the skin and skin cancer history. Conclusions: The prevalence found reveals that there is a need for implementing educational strategies in health services regarding photoprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gerardo Vasconcelos Mesquita
- Centro Universitário Uninovafapi - Teresina (PI), Brazil.,Universidade Federal do Piauí (Ufpi) - Teresina (PI), Brazil
| | - Viriato Campelo
- Universidade Federal do Piauí (Ufpi) - Teresina (PI), Brazil.,Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp) - Campinas (SP), Brazil
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