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Yang T, Wang W, Xie L, Chen S, Ye X, Shen S, Chen H, Qi L, Cui Z, Xiong W, Guo Y, Chen J. Investigating retinal explant models cultured in static and perfused systems to test the performance of exosomes secreted from retinal organoids. J Neurosci Methods 2024; 408:110181. [PMID: 38823594 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2024.110181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ex vivo cultures of retinal explants are appropriate models for translational research. However, one of the difficult problems of retinal explants ex vivo culture is that their nutrient supply needs cannot be constantly met. NEW METHOD This study evaluated the effect of perfused culture on the survival of retinal explants, addressing the challenge of insufficient nutrition in static culture. Furthermore, exosomes secreted from retinal organoids (RO-Exos) were stained with PKH26 to track their uptake in retinal explants to mimic the efficacy of exosomal drugs in vivo. RESULTS We found that the retinal explants cultured with perfusion exhibited significantly higher viability, increased NeuN+ cells, and reduced apoptosis compared to the static culture group at Days Ex Vivo (DEV) 4, 7, and 14. The perfusion-cultured retinal explants exhibited reduced mRNA markers for gliosis and microglial activation, along with lower expression of GFAP and Iba1, as revealed by immunostaining. Additionally, RNA-sequencing analysis showed that perfusion culture mainly upregulated genes associated with visual perception and photoreceptor cell maintenance while downregulating the immune system process and immune response. RO-Exos promoted the uptake of PKH26-labelled exosomes and the growth of retinal explants in perfusion culture. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS Our perfusion culture system can provide a continuous supply of culture medium to achieve steady-state equilibrium in retinal explant culture. Compared to traditional static culture, it better preserves the vitality, provides better neuroprotection, and reduces glial activation. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a promising ex vivo model for further studies on degenerative retinal diseases and drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Qingyuan Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, China
| | - Wenxuan Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linyao Xie
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sihui Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiuhong Ye
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuhao Shen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hang Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Qi
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Qingyuan Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, China
| | - Zekai Cui
- Aier Eye Institute, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yonglong Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jiansu Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Institute of Ophthalmology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Aier Eye Institute, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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de Paula NA, Leite MN, de Faria Bertoluci DF, Soares CT, Rosa PS, Frade MAC. Human Skin as an Ex Vivo Model for Maintaining Mycobacterium leprae and Leprosy Studies. Trop Med Infect Dis 2024; 9:135. [PMID: 38922047 PMCID: PMC11209558 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed9060135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The in vitro cultivation of M. leprae has not been possible since it was described as causing leprosy, and the limitation of animal models for clinical aspects makes studies on leprosy and bacteria-human host interaction a challenge. Our aim was to standardize the ex vivo skin model (hOSEC) to maintenance and study of M. leprae as an alternative animal model. Bacillary suspensions were inoculated into human skin explants and sustained in DMEM medium for 60 days. Explants were evaluated by RT-PCR-16SrRNA and cytokine gene expression. The viability and infectivity of bacilli recovered from explants (D28 and D60) were evaluated using the Shepard's model. All explants were RT-PCR-16SrRNA positive. The viability and infectivity of recovered bacilli from explants, analyzed after 5 months of inoculation in mice, showed an average positivity of 31%, with the highest positivity in the D28 groups (80%). Furthermore, our work showed different patterns in cytokine gene expression (TGF-β, IL-10, IL-8, and TNF-α) in the presence of alive or dead bacilli. Although changes can be made to improve future experiments, our results have demonstrated that it is possible to use the hOSEC to maintain M. leprae for 60 days, interacting with the host system, an important step in the development of experimental models for studies on the biology of the bacillus, its interactions, and drug susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália Aparecida de Paula
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto14049-900, Brazil;
- Dermatology Division, Department of Medical Clinics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, Brazil;
- Reference Center for Sanitary Dermatology with Emphasis on Leprosy, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Marcel Nani Leite
- Dermatology Division, Department of Medical Clinics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, Brazil;
| | | | - Cleverson Teixeira Soares
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Lauro de Souza Lima Institute, Bauru 17034-971, Brazil; (D.F.d.F.B.); (C.T.S.)
| | - Patrícia Sammarco Rosa
- Division of Research and Education, Lauro de Souza Lima Institute, Bauru 17034-971, Brazil;
| | - Marco Andrey Cipriani Frade
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto14049-900, Brazil;
- Dermatology Division, Department of Medical Clinics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, Brazil;
- Reference Center for Sanitary Dermatology with Emphasis on Leprosy, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, Brazil
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3
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Viegas J, Sarmento B. Bridging the gap between testing and clinics exploring alternative pre-clinical models in melanoma research. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2024; 208:115295. [PMID: 38527625 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2024.115295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Melanoma, the deadliest form of skin cancer, poses a significant clinical challenge for the development of effective treatments. Conventional in vivo animal studies have shown limited translational relevance to humans, raising strength to pre-clinical models for melanoma research. This review provides an in-depth analysis of alternative pre-clinical models including in vitro and ex vivo platforms such as reconstructed skin, spheroids, organoids, organotypic models, skin-on-a-chip, and bioprinting. Through a comprehensive analysis, the specific attributes, advantages, and limitations of each model are elucidated. It discusses the points related to the uniqueness advantages, from capturing complex interactions between melanoma cells and their microenvironment to enabling high-throughput drug screening and personalized medicine approaches. This review is structured covering firstly the roadmap to identify the co-occurrence of discovering new melanoma treatments and the development of its models, secondly it covers a comparative between the most used models followed by a section discussing each of them: the in vitro and ex vivo models. It intends to serve as an asset for researchers of melanoma field and clinicians involved in melanoma therapy, offering insights into the diverse preclinical models available for optimizing their integration into the translational pipeline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Viegas
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Bruno Sarmento
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; IUCS-CESPU - Instituto Universitário de Ciências da Saúde, Rua Central de Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal.
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Leite B, Bezerra P, Stocco B, Abichabki N, Andrade L, Fonseca M, Torqueti M. Biotransformed soybean cream as a new nutraceutical for skin care: collagen stimulation in vitro and ex vivo. Braz J Med Biol Res 2023; 56:e12781. [PMID: 37878883 PMCID: PMC10591485 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2023e12781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatments that attenuate the effects of hypoestrogenism in menopausal women have been gaining visibility. This study investigated the skin response to a phytoestrogen-enriched cosmetic formulation created by incorporating a biotransformed soybean extract (BE) into a cream-like matrix. Collagen-I expression was analyzed both in vitro (fibroblast cells) and ex vivo (skin explants). The results revealed an increased amount of collagen-I both in fibroblasts and human skin when treated with BE and BE-incorporated cream. Also, this collagen-I overexpression was inhibited by PHTPP, indicating a dependence on estrogen hormone receptor beta (ERβ) signaling. Moreover, BE was not harmful to skin microbiota, showing a promising nutricosmetic potential. Thus, this work presented a fully functional cream-like formulation that was shown to be safe and effectively increase collagen-I levels both in vitro and ex vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- B.A. Leite
- Laboratório de Citologia Clínica, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicologia e Ciência Alimentar, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - P.H.A. Bezerra
- Laboratório de Citologia Clínica, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicologia e Ciência Alimentar, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - B. Stocco
- Laboratório de Citologia Clínica, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicologia e Ciência Alimentar, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - N. Abichabki
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Resistência e Virulência Bacteriana, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - L.N. Andrade
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Resistência e Virulência Bacteriana, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - M.J.V. Fonseca
- Laboratório de Controle de Qualidade, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - M.R. Torqueti
- Laboratório de Citologia Clínica, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicologia e Ciência Alimentar, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
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Cousin I, Misery L, de Vries P, Lebonvallet N. Emergence of New Concepts in Skin Physiopathology through the Use of in vitro Human Skin Explants Models. Dermatology 2023; 239:849-859. [PMID: 37717565 DOI: 10.1159/000533261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This review summarizes uses and new applications for dermatological research of in vitro culture models of human skin explants (HSEs). In the last decade, many innovations have appeared in the literature and an exponential number of studies have been recorded in various fields of application such as process culture engineering, stem cell extractions methodology, or cell-to-cell interaction studies under physiological and pathological conditions, wound-healing, and inflammation. Most studies also concerned pharmacology, cosmetology, and photobiology. However, these topics will not be considered in our review. SUMMARY A better understanding of the mechanisms driving intercellular relationships, at work in the maintenance of 3D tissue architectures has led to the improvement of cell culture techniques. Many papers have focused on the physiological ways that govern in vitro tissue maintenance of HSEs. The analysis of the necessary mechanical stress, intercellular and cell-matrix interactions, allows the maintenance and prolonged use of HSEs in culture for up to 15 days, regardless of the great variability of study protocols from one laboratory to another and in accordance with the objectives set. Because of their close similarities to fresh skin, HSEs are increasingly used to study skin barrier repair and wound healing physiology. Easy to use in co-culture, this model allows a better understanding of the connections and interactions between the peripheral nervous system, the skin and the immune system. The development of the concept of an integrated neuro-immuno-cutaneous system at work in skin physiology and pathology highlighted by this article represents one of the new technical challenges in the field of in vitro culture of HSE. This review of the literature also reveals the importance of using such models in pathology. As sources of stem cells, HSEs are the basis for the development of new tissue engineering models such as organoids or optical clearing tissues technology. This study identifies the main advances and cross-cutting issues in the use of HSE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ianis Cousin
- Laboratoire Interactions épithéliums Neurones, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, France
- Service de chirurgie pédiatrique CHRU de Brest, Brest, France
| | - Laurent Misery
- Laboratoire Interactions épithéliums Neurones, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, France
- Service de dermatologie CHRU de Brest, Brest, France
| | - Philine de Vries
- Laboratoire Interactions épithéliums Neurones, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, France
- Service de chirurgie pédiatrique CHRU de Brest, Brest, France
| | - Nicolas Lebonvallet
- Laboratoire Interactions épithéliums Neurones, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, France
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Niyogi U, Jara CP, Carlson MA. Treatment of aged wound healing models with FGF2 and ABT-737 reduces the senescent cell population and increases wound closure rate. Wound Repair Regen 2023; 31:613-626. [PMID: 37462279 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.13106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Delayed tissue repair in the aged presents a major socio-economic and clinical problem. Age-associated delay in wound healing can be attributed to multiple factors, including an increased presence of senescent cells persisting in the wound. Although the transient presence of senescent cells is physiologic during the resolution phase of normal healing, increased senescent cell accumulation with age can negatively impact tissue repair. The objective of the study was to test interventional strategies that could mitigate the negative effect of senescent cell accumulation and possibly improve the age-associated delay in wound healing. We utilised a 3D in vitro senescent fibroblast populated collagen matrix (FPCM) to study cellular events associated with senescence and delayed healing. Senescent fibroblasts showed an increase in anti-apoptotic B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2) family proteins. We hypothesized that reducing the senescent cell population and promoting non-senescent cell functionality would mitigate the negative effect of senescence and improve healing kinetics. BCL-2 inhibition and mitogen stimulation (FGF2) improved healing in the in vitro senescent models. These results were confirmed with an ex vivo human skin biopsy model. These data suggested that modulation of the senescent cell population with soluble factors improved the healing outcome in our in vitro and ex vivo healing models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upasana Niyogi
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Carlos Poblete Jara
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Mark A Carlson
- Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
- Surgery Department, Omaha VA Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
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Nanoemulsions Based on Sunflower and Rosehip Oils: The Impact of Natural and Synthetic Stabilizers on Skin Penetration and an Ex Vivo Wound Healing Model. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15030999. [PMID: 36986857 PMCID: PMC10053715 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Vegetable oils offer excellent biological properties, but their high lipophilicity limits their bioavailability. This work aimed to develop nanoemulsions based on sunflower and rosehip oils and to evaluate their wound-healing activity. The influence of phospholipids of plant origin on nanoemulsions’ characteristics was investigated. A nanoemulsion prepared with a mixture of phospholipids and synthetic emulsifiers (Nano-1) was compared with another prepared only with phospholipids (Nano-2). The healing activity was evaluated in wounds induced in human organotypic skin explant culture (hOSEC) based on histological and immunohistochemical analysis. The hOSEC wound model was validated, showing that high nanoparticle concentration in the wound bed interferes with cell mobility and the ability to respond to the treatment. Nanoemulsions were 130 to 370 nm, with a concentration of 1013 particles/mL, and a low potential to induce inflammatory processes. Nano-2 was three times larger than Nano-1 but less cytotoxic and could target the oils to the epidermis. Nano-1 permeated intact skin to the dermis and showed a more prominent healing effect than Nano-2 in the hOSEC wound model. Changes in the lipid nanoemulsion stabilizers impacted the cutaneous and cellular penetration of the oils, cytotoxicity, and healing kinetics, resulting in versatile delivery systems.
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Clanner-Engelshofen BM, Ständer LM, Steegmueller T, Kämmerer T, Frommherz LH, Stadler PC, Gürtler A, Reinholz M. First ex vivo cultivation of human Demodex mites and evaluation of different drugs on mite proliferation. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2022; 36:2499-2503. [PMID: 35881081 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.18468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Demodex spp. mites are the most complex resident of the human skin microbiome. Although they are considered commensals, they can be pathophysiologically relevant in inflammatory skin diseases like rosacea. Until now, there is no culture system available for these mites except for using live vertebrate hosts. OBJECTIVES Our aim was to establish an ex vivo culture of human Demodex mites and to characterize the sebogenesis-dependent mite density. METHODS Demodex mites were cultivated in pilosebaceous units of human skin explants, called human organotypic skin explant culture (hOSEC). Furthermore, different sebogenesis-modifying additives were evaluated. Mites and mite survival were evaluated using light and fluorescence microscopy. RESULTS After 90 days of incubation, living Demodex mites - including eggs, larvae and nymphs - were detected in the dissected skin samples. Incubation for 30 days with anabolic steroids (testosterone and trenbolone) as well as retinol and retinoic acid (isotretinoin) yielded a reduced mite density. CONCLUSIONS With this technique, mites can be cultivated ex vivo for the first time, thereby establishing new ways to investigate Demodex spp. The sebostatic effect of isotretinoin might explain the mechanism of action in the off-label treatment of rosacea. We anticipate our findings to be the basis of an accelerated research on our most complex commensal, its life, biology and physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Clanner-Engelshofen
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Frauenlobstr. 9-11, 80337, Munich, Germany
| | - L M Ständer
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Frauenlobstr. 9-11, 80337, Munich, Germany
| | - T Steegmueller
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Frauenlobstr. 9-11, 80337, Munich, Germany
| | - T Kämmerer
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Frauenlobstr. 9-11, 80337, Munich, Germany
| | - L H Frommherz
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Frauenlobstr. 9-11, 80337, Munich, Germany
| | - P C Stadler
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Frauenlobstr. 9-11, 80337, Munich, Germany
| | - A Gürtler
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Frauenlobstr. 9-11, 80337, Munich, Germany
| | - M Reinholz
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Frauenlobstr. 9-11, 80337, Munich, Germany
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Akh LA, Ishak MO, Harris JF, Glaros TG, Sasiene ZJ, Mach PM, Lilley LM, McBride EM. -Omics potential of in vitro skin models for radiation exposure. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:390. [PMID: 35776214 PMCID: PMC11073334 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04394-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
There is a growing need to uncover biomarkers of ionizing radiation exposure that leads to a better understanding of how exposures take place, including dose type, rate, and time since exposure. As one of the first organs to be exposed to external sources of ionizing radiation, skin is uniquely positioned in terms of model systems for radiation exposure study. The simultaneous evolution of both MS-based -omics studies, as well as in vitro 3D skin models, has created the ability to develop a far more holistic understanding of how ionizing radiation affects the many interconnected biomolecular processes that occur in human skin. However, there are a limited number of studies describing the biomolecular consequences of low-dose ionizing radiation to the skin. This review will seek to explore the current state-of-the-art technology in terms of in vitro 3D skin models, as well as track the trajectory of MS-based -omics techniques and their application to ionizing radiation research, specifically, the search for biomarkers within the low-dose range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyla A Akh
- Biosecurity and Public Health Group, Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Mohammad O Ishak
- Biosecurity and Public Health Group, Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Jennifer F Harris
- Biosecurity and Public Health Group, Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Trevor G Glaros
- Bioenergy and Biome Sciences Group, Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Zachary J Sasiene
- Bioenergy and Biome Sciences Group, Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Phillip M Mach
- Bioenergy and Biome Sciences Group, Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Laura M Lilley
- Physical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy Group, Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA.
| | - Ethan M McBride
- Bioenergy and Biome Sciences Group, Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA.
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Lavigne EG, Cavagnino A, Steinschneider R, Breton L, Baraibar MA, Jäger S. Oxidative damage prevention in human skin and sensory neurons by a salicylic acid derivative. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 181:98-104. [PMID: 35114356 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased protein carbonylation is a hallmark of oxidative stress, protein homeostasis dysregulation and aging in the nervous system and skin. Sensory neurons interact with skin cells and are involved in skin homeostasis. We have previously reported that the 5-octanoyl salicylic acid (C8-SA), a salicylic acid derivative, increased C. elegans lifespan and delayed the accumulation of carbonylated proteins, through the stimulation of autophagy. OBJECTIVES In this study we aimed to investigate if C8-SA protects human sensory neurons and human skin from extrinsic oxidative stressors as an approach to delay skin aging. METHODS In vitro reconstituted human epidermis innervated with hiPSc-derived human sensory neurons, as well as ex vivo human organotypic full skin models were used. The fully differentiated sensory neurons were pretreated with C8-SA before oxidative stress induction. Skin explants were maintained in culture and treated topically with C8-SA before the application of urban pollutants. Carbonylated proteins were detected using amino-oxy functionalized fluorophores and quantified. Chaperone mediated autophagy was monitored with LAMP2A immunofluorescence. Inflammation, ROS detoxification and autophagy were assessed by RT-PCR. RESULTS C8-SA prevented the accumulation of carbonylated proteins, both in human sensory neurons and skin explants. C8-SA stimulated chaperone-mediated autophagy and modulated NRF2 antioxidant response genes, as well as catalase enzymatic activity. CONCLUSIONS C8-SA acts at two levels to protect skin against oxidative stress: 1) it prevents protein oxidation by stimulating endogenous antioxidant defense and 2) it increases the clearance of oxidized proteins by stimulating chaperone-mediated autophagy. These results suggest that C8-SA maintains skin health in urban polluted environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lionel Breton
- L'OREAL Research &Innovation, Aulnay-sous-bois, France
| | | | - Sibylle Jäger
- L'OREAL Research &Innovation, Aulnay-sous-bois, France.
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11
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Bernard P, Saguet T, Do QT, Himbert F. Development of Hinoline® as a natural preservative for cosmetic product using bioinspiration and Greenpharma Database. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 131:2793-2807. [PMID: 33998748 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The cosmetic industry needs new preservatives that are effective, natural, safe, cost effective, sustainable and compliant with regulatory standards. This necessity has posed challenges requiring obligations, bioinformatics and bioinspiration as driving forces. METHODS AND RESULTS Twenty natural extracts were selected from the Greenpharma Database with parameter filters corresponding to development constraints and antimicrobial properties. We confirmed using minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) assays that eight of the extracts have good bactericidal properties and that one has a high antifungal activity. The latter was purified hinokitiol, a bioproduct from Aomori Hiba wood. This substance provides high resistance against putrefaction; for instance, old Japanese temples were made of Aomori Hiba wood. The combination of hinokitiol with levulinic acid, another bioproduct, demonstrated complementary antimicrobial activities and synergistic effects in MIC studies and measurements according to Kull synergy index. Further, the mixture Hinoline® was tested at 2% in challenge tests and fulfilled criteria A of different standards. It also exerted complementary preservative effects with potassium sorbate and beneficial effects in unbalanced skin microbiota. CONCLUSION Hinoline, a new effective preservative from renewable bioresources, was developed. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study accelerates the development of a preservative solution for cosmetics selected from Greenpharma Database, through bioinspiration and the identification of cost-effective investments and resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Bernard
- R&D Department, Greenpharma S.A.S, Orléans, France
| | | | - Q T Do
- R&D Department, Greenpharma S.A.S, Orléans, France
| | - F Himbert
- R&D Department, Greenpharma S.A.S, Orléans, France
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12
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Leite MN, Viegas JSR, Praça FSG, de Paula NA, Ramalho LNZ, Bentley MVLB, Frade MAC. Ex vivo model of human skin (hOSEC) for assessing the dermatokinetics of the anti-melanoma drug Dacarbazine. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 160:105769. [PMID: 33610737 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2021.105769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Alternative models to replace animals in experimental studies remain a challenge in testing the effectiveness of dermatologic and cosmetic drugs. We proposed a model of human organotypic skin explant culture (hOSEC) to assess the profile of cutaneous drug skin distribution, adopting dacarbazine as a model, and respective new methodologies for dermatokinetic analysis. The viability tests were evaluated in primary keratinocytes and fibroblasts, and skin by MTT and TTC assays, respectively. Then, dacarbazine was applied to the culture medium, and the hOSEC method was applied to verify the dynamics of skin distribution of dacarbazine and determine its dermatokinetic profile. The results of cell and tissue viability showed that both were considered viable. The dermatokinetic results indicated that dacarbazine can be absorbed through the skin, reaching a concentration of 36.36 µg/mL (18,18%) of the initial dose (200 µg/mL) after 12 h in culture. Histological data showed that the skin maintained its structure throughout the tested time that the hOSEC method was applied. No apoptotic cells were observed in the epidermal and dermal layers. No visible changes in the dermo-epidermal junction and no inflammatory processes with the recruitment of defense cells were observed. Hence, these findings suggest that the hOSEC concept as an alternative ex vivo model for assessing the dynamics of skin distribution of drugs, such as dacarbazine, and determining their respective dermatokinetic profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Nani Leite
- Division of Dermatology - Wound Healing & Hansen's Disease Lab, Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Juliana Santos Rosa Viegas
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Fabíola Silva Garcia Praça
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Natália Aparecida de Paula
- Division of Dermatology - Wound Healing & Hansen's Disease Lab, Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Leandra Náira Zambelli Ramalho
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | - Marco Andrey Cipriani Frade
- Division of Dermatology - Wound Healing & Hansen's Disease Lab, Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
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13
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Matarrese P, Beauchef G, Peno-Mazzarino L, Lati E, Fitoussi R, Vié K. Assessment of an ex vivo irritation test performed on human skin explants and comparison of its results with those of a 24-/48-h human patch test for the evaluation of cosmetics. Toxicol In Vitro 2021; 70:105030. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2020.105030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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14
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Deal HE, Brown AC, Daniele MA. Microphysiological systems for the modeling of wound healing and evaluation of pro-healing therapies. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:7062-7075. [PMID: 32756718 PMCID: PMC7460719 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb00544d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Wound healing is a multivariate process involving the coordinated response of numerous proteins and cell types. Accordingly, biomedical research has seen an increased adoption of the use of in vitro wound healing assays with complexity beyond that offered by traditional well-plate constructs. These microphysiological systems (MPS) seek to recapitulate one or more physiological features of the in vivo microenvironment, while retaining the analytical capacity of more reductionist assays. Design efforts to achieve relevant wound healing physiology include the use of dynamic perfusion over static culture, the incorporation of multiple cell types, the arrangement of cells in three dimensions, the addition of biomechanically and biochemically relevant hydrogels, and combinations thereof. This review provides a brief overview of the wound healing process and in vivo assays, and we critically review the current state of MPS and supporting technologies for modelling and studying wound healing. We distinguish between MPS that seek to inform a particular phase of wound healing, and constructs that have the potential to inform multiple phases of wound healing. This distinction is a product of whether analysis of a particular process is prioritized, or a particular physiology is prioritized, during design. Material selection is emphasized throughout, and relevant fabrication techniques discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halston E Deal
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 911 Oval Dr., Raleigh, NC 27695, USA. and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Dr., Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Ashley C Brown
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 911 Oval Dr., Raleigh, NC 27695, USA. and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Dr., Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Michael A Daniele
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 911 Oval Dr., Raleigh, NC 27695, USA. and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Dr., Raleigh, NC 27606, USA and Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University, 890 Oval Dr., Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
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15
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Du R, Lei T. Effects of autologous platelet-rich plasma injections on facial skin rejuvenation. Exp Ther Med 2020; 19:3024-3030. [PMID: 32256789 PMCID: PMC7086200 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.8531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Autologous serum platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has been used to rejuvenate wrinkled and aged skin for years; however, the molecular mechanism for the positive effects of PRP on the skin remains unclear. The present study aimed to clarify the potential molecular mechanisms for the role of PRP in wrinkled and aged skin rejuvenation, and provide evidence for future clinical applications. A total of 30 healthy females were recruited for PRP treatment and signed informed consent was obtained. A total of 3 autologous PRP injections were administered to each patient with 15-day intervals between injections. The effects of PRP injections were evaluated using the VISIA® Complexion Analysis System and skin computed tomography. A human organotypic skin model was established and treated with PBS or PRP before ultraviolet (UV)-B light (10 mJ/cm2) irradiation. The distribution of the epidermal structure and dermal fibers were analyzed by hematoxylin and eosin and Masson's trichome staining. Expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), tyrosinase, fibrillin and tropoelastin was detected by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR, western blotting and immunofluorescence. The present results showed that PRP treatment improved skin quality in the participants. In addition, the VISIA® results showed that wrinkles, texture and pores were decreased in the PRP groups compared with the PBS treatment. The in vitro study demonstrated that PRP treatment ameliorated photoaging by inhibiting UV-B-induced MMP-1 and tyrosinase upregulation, and by inducing fibrillin and tropoelastin expression that was downregulated by UV-B. Collectively, it was demonstrated that PRP treatment ameliorated skin photoaging through regulation of MMP-1, tyrosinase, fibrillin and tropoelastin expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rina Du
- Department of Dermatology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China.,Department of Dermatology, Inner Mongolia International Mongolian Hospital, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010010, P.R. China
| | - Tiechi Lei
- Department of Dermatology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
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16
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Ex vivo culture of lesional psoriasis skin for pharmacological testing. J Dermatol Sci 2019; 97:109-116. [PMID: 31948839 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2019.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psoriasis is a chronic, inflammatory skin disorder resulting from a complex interplay between immune and skin cells via release of soluble mediators. While a lot is known about the molecular mechanisms behind psoriasis pathogenesis, there is still a need for preclinical research models that accuratelyreplicate the disease. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to develop and characterize ex vivo culture of psoriasis skin as a model for pharmacological testing, where the immunological events of psoriasis can be followed. METHODS Full thickness punch biopsies of lesional psoriasis skin were cultured in submerged conditions up to 144 h followingin situ T cell stimulation with rhIL-23 and anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 antibodies. The T cell mediated skin inflammation was assessed by gene and protein l analysis for a panel of inflammatory mediators. Tissue integrity and morphology were evaluated by histological analysis. RESULTS T cell stimulation resulted in functional and psoriasis specificin situ activation of T cells. The expression levels of most of the proinflammatory mediators related to both immune and skin cells were comparable to these in freshly isolated tissue at 48 and 96 h of culture. Tissue integrity and morphology were sustained up to 96 h. Treatment with a corticosteroid reduced the expression of several pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, whereas anti-IL-17A antibody treatment reduced the expression of the IL-17A downstream markers IL-8 and DEFB4. CONCLUSION By preserving keyimmunopathological mechanisms of psoriasis, ex vivo culture of psoriasis skin can be used for the investigation of inflammatory processes of psoriasis and for preclinical drug discovery research.
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17
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Vidal Yucha SE, Tamamoto KA, Kaplan DL. The importance of the neuro-immuno-cutaneous system on human skin equivalent design. Cell Prolif 2019; 52:e12677. [PMID: 31441145 PMCID: PMC6869210 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The skin is a highly complex organ, responsible for sensation, protection against the environment (pollutants, foreign proteins, infection) and thereby linked to the immune and sensory systems in the neuro-immuno-cutaneous (NIC) system. Cutaneous innervation is a key part of the peripheral nervous system; therefore, the skin should be considered a sensory organ and an important part of the central nervous system, an 'active interface' and the first connection of the body to the outside world. Peripheral nerves are a complex class of neurons within these systems, subsets of functions are conducted, including mechanoreception, nociception and thermoception. Epidermal and dermal cells produce signalling factors (such as cytokines or growth factors), neurites influence skin cells (such as via neuropeptides), and peripheral nerves have a role in both early and late stages of the inflammatory response. One way this is achieved, specifically in the cutaneous system, is through neuropeptide release and signalling, especially via substance P (SP), neuropeptide Y (NPY) and nerve growth factor (NGF). Cutaneous, neuronal and immune cells play a central role in many conditions, including psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, vitiligo, UV-induced immunosuppression, herpes and lymphomas. Therefore, it is critical to understand the connections and interplay between the peripheral nervous system and the skin and immune systems, the NIC system. Relevant in vitro tissue models based on human skin equivalents can be used to gain insight and to address impact across research and clinical needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Vidal Yucha
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts
| | - Kasey A Tamamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts
| | - David L Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts
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18
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Winkel BMF, de Korne CM, van Oosterom MN, Staphorst D, Meijhuis M, Baalbergen E, Ganesh MS, Dechering KJ, Vos MW, Chevalley-Maurel SC, Franke-Fayard B, van Leeuwen FWB, Roestenberg M. Quantification of wild-type and radiation attenuated Plasmodium falciparum sporozoite motility in human skin. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13436. [PMID: 31530862 PMCID: PMC6748968 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49895-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the number of global malaria cases and deaths, the need for a vaccine against Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) remains pressing. Administration of live, radiation-attenuated Pf sporozoites can fully protect malaria-naïve individuals. Despite the fact that motility of these attenuated parasites is key to their infectivity and ultimately protective efficacy, sporozoite motility in human tissue (e.g. skin) remains wholly uncharacterized to date. We show that the ability to quantitatively address the complexity of sporozoite motility in human tissue provides an additional tool in the development of attenuated sporozoite vaccines. We imaged Pf movement in the skin of its natural host and compared wild-type and radiation-attenuated GFP-expressing Pf sporozoites. Using custom image analysis software and human skin explants we were able to quantitatively study their key motility features. This head-to-head comparison revealed that radiation attenuation impaired the capacity of sporozoites to vary their movement angle, velocity and direction, promoting less refined movement patterns. Understanding and overcoming these changes in motility will contribute to the development of an efficacious attenuated parasite malaria vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Béatrice M F Winkel
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Interventional Molecular Imaging laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Clarize M de Korne
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Interventional Molecular Imaging laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Matthias N van Oosterom
- Interventional Molecular Imaging laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Diego Staphorst
- Interventional Molecular Imaging laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mark Meijhuis
- Interventional Molecular Imaging laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Els Baalbergen
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Munisha S Ganesh
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Koen J Dechering
- TropIQ Health Sciences, Transistorweg 5, 6534, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn W Vos
- TropIQ Health Sciences, Transistorweg 5, 6534, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Séverine C Chevalley-Maurel
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Blandine Franke-Fayard
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Fijs W B van Leeuwen
- Interventional Molecular Imaging laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Meta Roestenberg
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands.
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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19
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Bage T, Edymann T, Metcalfe AD, Dheansa B, Mbundi L. Ex vivo culture of keratinocytes on papillary and reticular dermal layers remodels skin explants differently: towards improved wound care. Arch Dermatol Res 2019; 311:647-652. [PMID: 31168656 PMCID: PMC6736903 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-019-01941-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we characterised the effect that seeding keratinocytes on the papillary and reticular dermis had on the extracellular matrix and tissue integrity ex vivo. Human skin explants from consented patients (n = 6) undergoing routine surgery were cultured at a liquid-air interface, dermal-side up, and autologous keratinocytes seeded on the exposed papillary or reticular layer. After 7-21 days, histological and immunohistochemical evaluation of the morphology and extracellular matrix was performed. While the dermis remained robust in all explants cultures, keratinocytes seeded on the papillary layer showed less tissue infiltration and remodelling and formed clusters across the tissue. In contrast, keratinocytes seeded on the reticular layer infiltrated the tissue homogenously with an intact single-cell-layer surface coverage and structural changes characterised by increased deposition of ground substance, glycosaminoglycans, and collagen VII in 14 days. In addition, while the papillary section showed more new laminin deposition by 14 days than the reticular section, the latter expressed more connexin 43. These differences in re-epithelialisation and extracellular matrix characteristics suggest that wound depth and graft thickness may play a key role in wound healing and indicate that ECM characteristics should be factored in when designing biomaterials for wound applications and in the selection of recipient sites when using cells for grafting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Bage
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton, SO17 1BD, UK.,Blond McIndoe Research Foundation, Queen Victoria Hospital, Holtye Road, East Grinstead, RH19 3DZ, UK
| | - Trevor Edymann
- Blond McIndoe Research Foundation, Queen Victoria Hospital, Holtye Road, East Grinstead, RH19 3DZ, UK
| | - Anthony D Metcalfe
- Blond McIndoe Research Foundation, Queen Victoria Hospital, Holtye Road, East Grinstead, RH19 3DZ, UK.,Healthcare Technologies Institute, School of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Birmingham, Mindelsohn Way, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TH, UK
| | - Baljit Dheansa
- Plastic Surgery and Burns, Queen Victoria Hospital, East Grinstead, RH19 3DZ, UK
| | - Lubinda Mbundi
- Blond McIndoe Research Foundation, Queen Victoria Hospital, Holtye Road, East Grinstead, RH19 3DZ, UK. .,Department of Surgical Research, Northwick Park Institute for Medical Research, University College London (UCL), Northwick Park & St Marks Hospitals, Watford Road, Harrow, HA1 3UJ, UK.
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20
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Vostálová J, Galandáková A, Zálešák B, Lichnovská R, Čížková K, Ulrichová J, Rajnochová Svobodová A. Changes in antioxidant, inflammatory and metabolic markers during 1 week cultivation of human skin explants. J Appl Toxicol 2019; 39:773-782. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.3766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jitka Vostálová
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry; Palacký University; Hněvotínská 3 775 15 Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Adéla Galandáková
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry; Palacký University; Hněvotínská 3 775 15 Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Bohumil Zálešák
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery; University Hospital Olomouc; I. P. Pavlova 6 779 00 Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Radka Lichnovská
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry; Palacký University; Hněvotínská 3 775 15 Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Čížková
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry; Palacký University; Hněvotínská 3 775 15 Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Ulrichová
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry; Palacký University; Hněvotínská 3 775 15 Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Alena Rajnochová Svobodová
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry; Palacký University; Hněvotínská 3 775 15 Olomouc Czech Republic
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry,; Palacký University; Hněvotínská 3 775 15 Olomouc Czech Republic
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21
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Winkel BMF, Dalenberg MR, de Korne CM, Feijt C, Langenberg MCC, Pelgrom L, Ganesh MS, Yazdanbakhsh M, Smits HH, de Jong EC, Everts B, van Leeuwen FWB, Hokke CH, Roestenberg M. Early Induction of Human Regulatory Dermal Antigen Presenting Cells by Skin-Penetrating Schistosoma Mansoni Cercariae. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2510. [PMID: 30429854 PMCID: PMC6220649 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Following initial invasion of Schistosoma mansoni cercariae, schistosomula reside in the skin for several days during which they can interact with the dermal immune system. While murine experiments have indicated that exposure to radiation-attenuated (RA) cercariae can generate protective immunity which is initiated in the skin stage, contrasting non-attenuated cercariae, such data is missing for the human model. Since murine skin does not form a reliable marker for immune responses in human skin, we used human skin explants to study the interaction with non-attenuated and RA cercariae with dermal innate antigen presenting cells (APCs) and the subsequent immunological responses. We exposed human skin explants to cercariae and visualized their invasion in real time (initial 30 min) using novel imaging technologies. Subsequently, we studied dermal immune responses and found an enhanced production of regulatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-10, pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 and macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α within 3 days of exposure. Analysis of dermal dendritic cells (DDCs) for their phenotype revealed an increased expression of immune modulators programmed death ligand (PD-L) 1 and 2, and increased IL-10 production. Ex vivo primed DDCs suppress Th1 polarization of naïve T-cells and increase T-cell IL-10 production, indicating their regulatory potential. These immune responses were absent or decreased after exposure to RA parasites. Using transwells, we show that direct contact between APCs and cercariae is required to induce their regulatory phenotype. To the best of our knowledge this is the first study that attempts to provide insight in the human dermal S. mansoni cercariae invasion and subsequent immune responses comparing non-attenuated with RA parasites. We reveal that cercariae induce a predominantly regulatory immune response whereas RA cercariae fail to achieve this. This initial understanding of the dermal immune suppressive capacity of S. mansoni cercariae in humans provides a first step toward the development of an effective schistosome vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Béatrice M F Winkel
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.,Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Mirjam R Dalenberg
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Clarize M de Korne
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.,Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Carola Feijt
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Leonard Pelgrom
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Munisha S Ganesh
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Maria Yazdanbakhsh
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Esther C de Jong
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Bart Everts
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Fijs W B van Leeuwen
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Cornelis H Hokke
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Meta Roestenberg
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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22
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Garre A, Narda M, Valderas-Martinez P, Piquero J, Granger C. Antiaging effects of a novel facial serum containing L-Ascorbic acid, proteoglycans, and proteoglycan-stimulating tripeptide: ex vivo skin explant studies and in vivo clinical studies in women. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2018; 11:253-263. [PMID: 29881301 PMCID: PMC5985795 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s161352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With age, decreasing dermal levels of proteoglycans, collagen, and elastin lead to the appearance of aged skin. Oxidation, largely driven by environmental factors, plays a central role. AIM The aim of this study was to assess the antiaging efficacy of a topical serum containing L-Ascorbic acid, soluble proteoglycans, low molecular weight hyaluronic acid, and a tripeptide in ex vivo and in vivo clinical studies. METHODS Photoaging and photo-oxidative damage were induced in human skin explants by artificial solar radiation. Markers of oxidative stress - reactive oxygen species (ROS), total glutathione (GSH), and cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) - were measured in serum-treated explants and untreated controls. Chronological aging was simulated using hydrocortisone. In both ex vivo studies, collagen, elastin, and proteoglycans were determined as measures of dermal matrix degradation. In women aged 21-67 years, hydration was measured up to 24 hours after a single application of serum, using Corneometer and hygrometer. Subjects' perceptions of efficacy and acceptability were assessed via questionnaire after once-daily serum application for 4 weeks. Studies were performed under the supervision of a dermatologist. RESULTS In the photoaging study, irradiation induced changes in ROS, CPD, GSH, collagen, and elastin levels; these changes were reversed by topical serum application. The serum also protected against hydrocortisone-induced reduction in collagen, elastin, and proteoglycan levels, which were significantly higher in the serum-treated group vs untreated hydrocortisone-control explants. In clinical studies, serum application significantly increased skin moisture for 6 hours. Healthy volunteers perceived the product as efficient in making the skin brighter, more hydrated, and decreasing wrinkles and wished to continue using it. The serum was well tolerated and noncomedogenic. CONCLUSION The serum protected against oxidative damage and dermal protein loss caused by photo- and chronological aging in human skin explants. In-vivo, the serum hydrated skin for 6 hours, and users perceived increased skin brightness, hydration, and fewer wrinkles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurora Garre
- Innovation and Development, ISDIN SA, Barcelona, Spain
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Vostálová J, Cukr M, Zálešák B, Lichnovská R, Ulrichová J, Rajnochová Svobodová A. Comparison of various methods to analyse toxic effects in human skin explants: Rediscovery of TTC assay. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2017; 178:530-536. [PMID: 29247925 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Skin explants are a suitable model which can replace dermatological experiments on animals or human volunteers. In this study, we searched for a fast, cheap and reproducible method for screening skin explant viability after treatment with UVA radiation or/and chemical agents. We compared frequently used methods: 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), neutral red (NR) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity assay with a rarely used 2,3,5-triphenyl-2H-tetrazolium chloride (TTC) assay for the evaluation of UVA radiation and/or chlorpromazine and 8-methoxypsoralen effect as model agents. Histological analysis of skin explants was also performed by a simple haematoxylin-eosin method. Only the TTC assay was able to show the toxicity of model agents in a dose- and concentration-dependent manner. LDH assay was partially able to demonstrate results comparable to the TTC method, however, the agents' effect was less pronounced. The MTT and NR assays completely failed in the evaluation. Haematoxylin-eosin staining showed discrete structural changes in samples treated with UVA alone and CPZ+UVA, but only after 48h. Therefore, the method is not useful for screening of toxic or phototoxic effects either. In conclusion, the TTC assay was the most suitable for the evaluation of toxicity or phototoxicity in ex vivo skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitka Vostálová
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Hněvotínská 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Cukr
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Hněvotínská 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Bohumil Zálešák
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, University Hospital Olomouc, I. P. Pavlova 6, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Radka Lichnovská
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Hněvotínská 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Ulrichová
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Hněvotínská 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Rajnochová Svobodová
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Hněvotínská 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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Menzel F, Kaiser N, Haehnel S, Rapp F, Patties I, Schöneberg N, Haimon Z, Immig K, Bechmann I. Impact of X-irradiation on microglia. Glia 2017; 66:15-33. [DOI: 10.1002/glia.23239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicole Kaiser
- Institute of Anatomy, Leipzig University; Leipzig Germany
| | - Susann Haehnel
- Institute of Anatomy, Leipzig University; Leipzig Germany
| | - Felicitas Rapp
- Institute of Anatomy, Leipzig University; Leipzig Germany
| | - Ina Patties
- Department of Radiation Therapy; Leipzig University; Leipzig Germany
| | | | - Zhana Haimon
- Department of Immunology; Weizmann Institute of Science; Rehovot Israel
| | - Kerstin Immig
- Institute of Anatomy, Leipzig University; Leipzig Germany
| | - Ingo Bechmann
- Institute of Anatomy, Leipzig University; Leipzig Germany
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Lipid functions in skin: Differential effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on cutaneous ceramides, in a human skin organ culture model. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2017; 1859:1679-1689. [PMID: 28341437 PMCID: PMC5504780 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2017.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Ceramides are important for skin health, with a multitude of species found in both dermis and epidermis. The epidermis contains linoleic acid-Ester-linked Omega-hydroxylated ceramides of 6-Hydroxy-sphingosine, Sphingosine and Phytosphingosine bases (CER[EOH], CER[EOS] and CER[EOP], respectively), that are crucial for the formation of the epidermal barrier, conferring protection from environmental factors and preventing trans-epidermal water loss. Furthermore, a large number of ceramides, derivatives of the same sphingoid bases and various fatty acids, are produced by dermal and epidermal cells and perform signalling roles in cell functions ranging from differentiation to apoptosis. Supplementation with the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) have shown promise as therapeutic agents in a number of inflammatory skin conditions, altering the lipid profile of the skin and production of bioactive lipids such as the eicosanoids, docosanoids and endocannabinoids. In this study we wished to investigate whether EPA and DHA could also affect the ceramide profile in epidermis and dermis, and, in this way, contribute to formation of a robust lipid barrier and ceramide-mediated regulation of skin functions. Ex vivo skin explants were cultured for 6 days, and supplemented with EPA or DHA (50 μM). Liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry with electrospray ionisation was used to assess the prevalence of 321 individual ceramide species, and a number of sphingoid bases, phosphorylated sphingoid bases, and phosphorylated ceramides, within the dermis and epidermis. EPA augmented dermal production of members of the ceramide families containing Non-hydroxy fatty acids and Sphingosine or Dihydrosphingosine bases (CER[NS] and CER[NDS], respectively), while epidermal CER[EOH], CER[EOS] and CER[EOP] ceramides were not affected. DHA did not significantly affect ceramide production. Ceramide-1-phosphate levels in the epidermis, but not the dermis, increased in response to EPA, but not DHA. This ex vivo study shows that dietary supplementation with EPA has the potential to alter the ceramide profile of the skin, and this may contribute to its anti-inflammatory profile. This has implications for formation of the epidermal lipid barrier, and signalling pathways within the skin mediated by ceramides and other sphingolipid species. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Membrane Lipid Therapy: Drugs Targeting Biomembranes edited by Pablo V. Escribá. Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation alters ex vivo skin ceramide profiles Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) increases dermal ceramides with non-hydroxy fatty acids (CER[NS] and CER[NDS]) EPA increases ceramide-1-phosphate (C1P) in the epidermis but not dermis Long-chain linoleic-acid-containing ceramides were unaltered by EPA or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)
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Keast JR, Smith-Anttila CJA, Osborne PB. Developing a functional urinary bladder: a neuronal context. Front Cell Dev Biol 2015; 3:53. [PMID: 26389118 PMCID: PMC4555086 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2015.00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of organs occurs in parallel with the formation of their nerve supply. The innervation of pelvic organs (lower urinary tract, hindgut, and sexual organs) is complex and we know remarkably little about the mechanisms that form these neural pathways. The goal of this short review is to use the urinary bladder as an example to stimulate interest in this question. The bladder requires a healthy mature nervous system to store urine and release it at behaviorally appropriate times. Understanding the mechanisms underlying the construction of these neural circuits is not only relevant to defining the basis of developmental problems but may also suggest strategies to restore connectivity and function following injury or disease in adults. The bladder nerve supply comprises multiple classes of sensory, and parasympathetic or sympathetic autonomic effector (motor) neurons. First, we define the developmental endpoint by describing this circuitry in adult rodents. Next we discuss the innervation of the developing bladder, identifying challenges posed by this area of research. Last we provide examples of genetically modified mice with bladder dysfunction and suggest potential neural contributors to this state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet R Keast
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Peregrine B Osborne
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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