1
|
Lee S, Kim J, Kong H, Kim YS. Ameliorative effects of elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.) extract and extract-derived monosaccharide-amino acid on H2O2-induced decrease in testosterone-deficiency syndrome in a TM3 Leydig cell. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0302403. [PMID: 38662754 PMCID: PMC11045058 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
With aging, men develop testosterone-deficiency syndrome (TDS). The development is closely associated with age-related mitochondrial dysfunction of Leydig cell and oxidative stress-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS). Testosterone-replacement therapy (TRT) is used to improve the symptoms of TDS. However, due to its various side effects, research on functional ingredients derived from natural products that do not have side effects is urgently needed. In this study, using the mitochondrial dysfunction TM3 (mouse Leydig) cells, in which testosterone biosynthesis is reduced by H2O2, we evaluated the effects of elderberry extract and monosaccharide-amino acid (fructose-leucine; FL) on mRNA and protein levels related to steroidogenesis-related enzymes steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), cytochrome P450 11A1(CYP11A1, cytochrome P450 17A1(CYP17A1), cytochrome P450 19A1(CYP19A1, aromatase), 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD), and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase(17β-HSD). We analyzed elderberry extract and extract-derived FL for changes in ROS scavenging activity and testosterone secretion. Elderberry extract and FL significantly reduced H2O2-induced intracellular ROS levels, improved testosterone secretion, and increased the mRNA and protein expression levels of steroidogenesis-related enzymes (StAR, 3b-HSD, 17b-HSD, CYP11A1, CYp17A1). However, the conversion of testosterone to estradiol was inhibited by elderberry extract and extract-derived FL, which reduced the mRNA and protein expression of CYP19A1. In conclusion, elderberry extract and FL are predicted to have value as novel functional ingredients that may contribute to the prevention of TDS by ameliorating reduced steroidogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sujung Lee
- Gochang Food & Industry Institute, Gochang, Korea
- Department of Food Science & Technology Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | | | - Hyunseok Kong
- College of Animal Biotechnology and Resource, Sahmyook University, Seoul, Korea
- PADAM Natural Material Research Institute, Sahmyook University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-Suk Kim
- Department of Food Science & Technology Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rahali D, Dallagi Y, Hupkens E, Veegh G, Mc Entee K, Asmi ME, El Fazaa S, El Golli N. Spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis disruption in a model of metabolic syndrome rats. Arch Physiol Biochem 2023; 129:222-232. [PMID: 32886530 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2020.1812665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a clustering of several physiological alterations. OBJECTIVE This study was designed to evaluate the effects of MetS on rats spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS We developed a MetS rodent model using high-sugar and high-fat diet. RESULTS MetS rats showed severe disorders in sperm parameters. Interestingly, a significant increase in malondialdehyde level and a decrease in the antioxidant activities were observed. Moreover, qRT-PCR analysis showed Bax down-regulation and Bcl-2 up-regulation. A decrease in testosterone level was identified, correlated with the CYP11A1, CYP17A1 and 17β HSD testicular marker down-regulation. Finally, MetS rats showed an up-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines receptors IL-1R and IL-6R. CONCLUSION MetS induced severe testis toxicity in male rats. Mets markedly distorted sperm parameters, inhibited the transcription of steroidogenic enzymes and led to oxidative stress, inflammation, and alteration of Bax/Bcl-2 ratioin testicular tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dalila Rahali
- Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Cellular physiopathology and Biomolecule valorisation, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Yosra Dallagi
- Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Cellular physiopathology and Biomolecule valorisation, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Emmeline Hupkens
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gregory Veegh
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kathleen Mc Entee
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Monia El Asmi
- Department of Biochemistry, La Rabta Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Saloua El Fazaa
- Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Cellular physiopathology and Biomolecule valorisation, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Narges El Golli
- Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Cellular physiopathology and Biomolecule valorisation, Tunis, Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang JS, Feng JL, Li X, Chen ZL, Bao BH, Deng S, Dai HH, Meng FC, Wang B, Li HS. Effect of leech-centipede medicine on improving erectile function in diabetes-induced erectile dysfunction rats via PDE5 signalling pathway-related molecules. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2021; 59:167-174. [PMID: 33569974 PMCID: PMC7889219 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2021.1878237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The leech and centipede granules have good curative effects on many diabetic vascular diseases, including diabetes-induced erectile dysfunction (DIED). OBJECTIVE To explore the effect of leech and centipede on erectile function in rats with diabetes-induced erectile dysfunction and its possible mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty male Sprague-Dawley DIED rats were randomly divided into the model group (Group M), low-dose group (Group DD), high-dose group (Group DG) and tadalafil group (Group T) (n = 6); diabetic rats were induced by streptozotocin. Apomorphine was used to induce diabetic erectile dysfunction. The 'leech-centipede' granules (0.15 and 0.6 g/kg) were intragastrically administered in the DD and DG groups for 8 weeks. Blood glucose, serum insulin, testosterone, cGMP levels and protein expression changes were measured in each group. RESULTS After 8 weeks, the erectile function of rats in the DG group significantly improved (1.26 ± 0.73). Penis tissue cGMP levels were higher in the DG group (1.48 ± 0.11) than in the M group (0.58 ± 0.15). Protein and mRNA expression levels of NOS were significantly higher (0.77 ± 0.05; 0.61 ± 0.02) but those of PDE5 (0.43 ± 0.05; 0.61 ± 0.03) were lower in the DG group than in the M group (0.37 ± 0.06; 0.51 ± 0.01; 0.78 ± 0.06; 0.81 ± 0.04). CONCLUSION The leech-centipede can improve erectile dysfunction in DIED rats by regulating the expression of cGMP, NOS, and PDE5-related molecules in the PDE5 pathway. This study provides a potential mechanism for the treatment of DIED with leech-centipede.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Sheng Wang
- First Clinical Medical College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Andrology Department, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jun-Long Feng
- First Clinical Medical College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Andrology Department, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zi-Long Chen
- First Clinical Medical College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Andrology Department, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Bing-Hao Bao
- First Clinical Medical College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Andrology Department, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Sheng Deng
- First Clinical Medical College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Andrology Department, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Heng-Heng Dai
- First Clinical Medical College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Andrology Department, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Fan-Chao Meng
- First Clinical Medical College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Andrology Department, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Andrology Department, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-Song Li
- Andrology Department, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li X, Cheng W, Shang H, Wei H, Deng C. The Interplay between Androgen and Gut Microbiota: Is There a Microbiota-Gut-Testis Axis. Reprod Sci 2021; 29:1674-1684. [PMID: 34037957 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-021-00624-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The gut microbiota, a large ecosystem interacting with the host, has been shown to affect the health and fitness of the host-microbial superorganism. Increasing evidence suggests that the gut microbiota communicates with distal organs of the host including the brain, liver, and muscle, as well as testis, through various complex mechanisms. So far, we know that the androgen can markedly remodel the gut microbiota and has initiated an interdisciplinary field termed "microgenderome." More recently, the gut microbiota has been found as a major regulator of androgen production and metabolism in turn and even could trespass the blood-testis barrier (BTB) to regulate spermatogenesis, which largely updates the current knowledge on male reproduction. In this review, we provided a brief overview of the context of the gender bias of diseases related to gut microbiota, the sex dimorphism of gut microbiota, and their relationships with androgen. We also summarized the known interaction between the testis and gut microbiota based on published animal studies and tentatively discussed the hypothesis of microbiota-gut-testis axis. Finally, we highlighted the opportunities and challenges underlying the ongoing research. This knowledge may extend our understanding of the role of gut microbiota in male health and microbiota-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangping Li
- Department of Urology and Andrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Wei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Haitao Shang
- Precision Medicine Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Hong Wei
- Precision Medicine Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Chunhua Deng
- Department of Urology and Andrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Florêncio RB, de Araújo Fonseca LG, da Silva VFD, Lima ÍNDF, Gualdi LP. Diabetes mellitus hospitalization and mortality rate according to a national database in Brazil: a longitudinal study. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:403. [PMID: 33632201 PMCID: PMC7908752 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10438-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an important public health problem worldwide. In addition to the impairment in functionality, the large number of complications which lead to hospitalizations results in high treatment costs. The aim of this study was to analyze the incidence of hospitalizations, mortality rate and hospital costs, as well as to observe the temporal trend of hospitalizations and length of hospital stay due to DM between 2008 and 2019 in Brazil. Methods This is a longitudinal descriptive study in which all data regarding hospital admissions registered in the Brazilian system of Hospital Information of “Sistema Único de Saúde” (SIH/SUS; http://datasus.saude.gov.br) due to DM (ICD-10) were included. Comparisons among the groups were performed by an unpaired Student’s t-test, two-way ANOVA with a Tukey post hoc test (p < 0.05). Results An increased hospitalization of 1.83% due to DM was observed between 2008 and 2019 in Brazil. The Southeastern region had the highest incidence (34.6%) and mortality rate when compared to the other regions (p < 0.05). We also found that females were more likely to be hospitalized in comparison to males, without a statistically significant difference. Finally, a progressive increase of hospitalizations and mortality rate were observed according to age groups, as well as increased spending due to DM hospitalizations over the years. Conclusion Hospitalizations due to DM in Brazil showed an expressive increase over the last 12 years, and there is a need for primary healthcare interventions to help reduce this situation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rêncio Bento Florêncio
- Mestrando do Programa de Ciências da Reabilitação da Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde do Trairí/Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte - FACISA/UFRN, Santa Cruz, RN, Brazil
| | - Luiza Gabriela de Araújo Fonseca
- Mestrando do Programa de Ciências da Reabilitação da Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde do Trairí/Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte - FACISA/UFRN, Santa Cruz, RN, Brazil
| | - Vivian Fernanda Dantas da Silva
- Graduanda do Curso de Fisioterapia da Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde do Trairí/Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte - FACISA/UFRN, Santa Cruz, RN, Brazil
| | | | - Lucien Peroni Gualdi
- Docente da Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde do Trairí/Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte - FACISA/UFRN, Santa Cruz, RN, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hsu PS, Hung CL, Tu SK, Chen HH, Yang DH, Liao CC. Waist Circumference Is More Closely Associated with Hypogonadism than Is Hyperglycemia, Independent of BMI in Middle-Aged Men. J Diabetes Res 2021; 2021:1347588. [PMID: 34966822 PMCID: PMC8712173 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1347588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To evaluate whether waist circumference (WC) or hyperglycemia is more closely associated with hypogonadism in middle-aged men. Research Design and Methods. This cross-sectional study analyzed male participants under 65 years old from the MJ Health Screening Center in Taiwan from 2007 to 2016. Basic patient characteristics with relevant parameters were obtained. We used the chi-square test to perform a correlation analysis for HbA1c and WC between participants with and without hypogonadism. A one-way ANOVA with post hoc Scheffe's method was applied to compare the mean testosterone (T) among the HbAlc and WC groups (normal blood sugar with normal WC (NBSNW), abnormal blood sugar with normal WC (ABSNW), normal blood sugar with abnormal WC (NBSAW), and abnormal blood sugar with abnormal waist circumference (ABSAW)). RESULTS The 5,680 participants were divided into two groups based on the presence (n = 599) or absence of hypogonadism (n = 5,081), which was defined as total testosterone (TT) < 300 ng/dL. The mean TT of group NBSAW (443.71 ± 220.59 ng/dl) was significantly lower than that of group ABSNW (506.64 ± 191.08 ng/dl, p < 0.001). Moreover, the mean TT of group ABSAW (398.89 ± 146.24 ng/dl) was significantly lower than that of group ABSNW (506.64 ± 191.08 ng/dl, p < 0.001). The ORs after adjusting for BMI, TG, HDL, SBP, and DBP were statistically significant when comparing NBSAW vs. NBSNW (OR = 2.846; 95%CI = 2.266-3.575; p < 0.001), ABSNW vs. NDNW (OR = 1.693; 95%CI = 1.309-2.189; p < 0.001), and ABSAW vs. NBSNW (OR = 4.613; 95%CI = 3.634-5.856; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION The current study showed that WC should be the risk factor that is more closely associated with hypogonadism than hyperglycemia in middle-aged men.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Po-Sheng Hsu
- Department of Family Medicine, Taichung Armed Forces General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Lien Hung
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Taichung Armed Forces General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Kai Tu
- Department of Family Medicine, Taichung Armed Forces General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Hung Chen
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Asia University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Chung Sheng Clinic, Nantou, Taiwan
| | - Deng-Ho Yang
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Taichung Armed Forces General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Armed Forces General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Cheng Liao
- Department of Family Medicine, Taichung Armed Forces General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Taichung Armed Forces General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lima LMA, Belian MF, Silva WE, Postal K, Kostenkova K, Crans DC, Rossiter AKFF, da Silva Júnior VA. Vanadium(IV)-diamine complex with hypoglycemic activity and a reduction in testicular atrophy. J Inorg Biochem 2020; 216:111312. [PMID: 33388704 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2020.111312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The insulin enhancing activity, histological analysis and, testicular degeneration by a VIVO-complex containing the 2,2'-(ethane-1,2-diylbis(azanediyl))diethanolate ligand, VOIV(C6H14N2O2-κ2N,κ2O), abbreviated VIVO(BHED), were investigated in diabetic male Wistar rats. The complex was administered by oral gavage of freshly prepared solutions of vanadium complex. Biological studies demonstrated that the vanadium complex normalized the elevated glucose levels in male Wistar rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes and these compounds also avoided common responses in diabetic animals such as weight loss and reduction in the size of the epididymis, prostate, testis and seminal gland. The 51V NMR and EPR studies showed the formation of VIVO(BHED) and the oxidation product [VVO2BHED]- with two possible decomposition pathways. In summary, these studies demonstrate that the VIVO(BHED) complex or its decomposition products show similar effects as insulin in decreasing elevated blood glucose levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lidiane M A Lima
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 52.171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Mônica F Belian
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 52.171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil.
| | - Wagner E Silva
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 52.171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Kahoana Postal
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Paraná, 81.531-980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Kateryna Kostenkova
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Debbie C Crans
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Ana Katharyne F F Rossiter
- Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 52.171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Valdemiro A da Silva Júnior
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 52.171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Huang B, Zhao H, Huang C, Wu L, Xiang L, Chen J, Wang B, Xiao T, Li M, Ren L, Niu J, Zhang JV. CMKLR1 deficiency attenuates androgen-induced lipid accumulation in mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2020; 318:E371-E380. [PMID: 31910029 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00176.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Excess androgen-induced obesity has become a public health problem, and its prevalence has increased substantially in recent years. Chemokine-like receptor 1 (CMKLR1), a receptor of chemerin secreted by adipose tissue, is linked to adipocyte differentiation, adipose tissue development, and obesity. However, the effect of CMKLR1 signaling on androgen-mediated adiposity in vivo remains unclear. Using CMKLR1-knockout mice, we constructed an androgen-excess female mouse model through 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) treatment and an androgen-deficient male mouse model by orchidectomy (ORX). For mechanism investigation, we used 2-(α-Naphthoyl) ethyltrimethylammonium iodide (α-NETA), an antagonist of CMKLR1, to suppress CMKLR1 in vivo and wortmannin, a PI3K signaling antagonist, to treat brown adipose tissue (BAT) explant cultures in vitro. Furthermore, we used histological examination and quantitative PCR, as well as Western blot analysis, glucose tolerance tests, and biochemical analysis of serum, to describe the phenotypes and the changes in gene expression. We demonstrated that excess androgen in the female mice resulted in larger cells in the white adipose tissue (WAT) and the BAT, whereas androgen deprivation in the male mice induced a reduction in cell size. Both of these adipocyte size effects could be attenuated in the CMKLR1-knockout mice. CMKLR1 deficiency influenced the effect of androgen treatment on adipose tissue by regulating the mRNA expression of the androgen receptor (AR) and adipocyte markers (such as Fabp4 and Cidea). Moreover, suppression of CMKLR1 by α-NETA could also reduce the extent of the adipocyte cell enlargement caused by DHT. Furthermore, we found that DHT could reduce the levels of phosphorylated ERK (pERK) in the BAT, while CMKLR1 inactivation inhibited this effect, which had been induced by DHT, through the PI3K signaling pathway. These findings reveal an antiobesity role of CMKLR1 deficiency in regulating lipid accumulation, highlighting the scientific importance for the further development of small-molecule CMKLR1 antagonists as fundamental research tools and/or as potential drugs for use in the treatment of adiposity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Huang
- Research Center for Reproduction and Health Development, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huashan Zhao
- Research Center for Reproduction and Health Development, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chen Huang
- Research Center for Reproduction and Health Development, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Linlin Wu
- Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liang Xiang
- Research Center for Reproduction and Health Development, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Research Center for Reproduction and Health Development, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Baobei Wang
- Research Center for Reproduction and Health Development, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tianxia Xiao
- Research Center for Reproduction and Health Development, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mengxia Li
- Research Center for Reproduction and Health Development, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lirong Ren
- Department of Obstetric, ShenZhen Baoan Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianmin Niu
- Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jian V Zhang
- Research Center for Reproduction and Health Development, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hassanabad MF, Fatehi M. Androgen Therapy in Male Patients Suffering from Type 2 Diabetes: A Review of Benefits and Risks. Curr Diabetes Rev 2020; 16:189-199. [PMID: 30073928 DOI: 10.2174/1573399814666180731125724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current estimated numbers of patients with Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) is believed to be close to 10% of the whole populations of many geographical regions, causing serious concerns over the resulting elevated morbidity and mortality as well as the impact on health care systems around the world. In addition to negatively affecting the quality of life, diabetes is associated with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications, indicating that appropriate drug therapy should not only deal with metabolic dysfunction but also protect the vascular system, kidney function and skeletal muscle mass from the effects of the epigenetic changes induced by hyperglycaemia. OBJECTIVE To provide an insight into the management of hypogonadism associated with T2D, this review focuses on clinical observations related to androgen therapy in qualified diabetic patients, and discusses the lines of evidence for its benefits and risks. The potential interactions of testosterone with medicines used by patients with T2D will also be discussed. CONCLUSION From recent clinical findings, it became evident that a considerable percentage of patients suffering from T2D manifested low serum testosterone and experienced diminished sexual activity, as well as reduced skeletal muscle mass and lower bone density. Although there are some controversies, Testosterone Replacement Therapy (TRT) for this particular population of patients appears to be beneficial overall only if it is implemented carefully and monitored regularly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mortaza F Hassanabad
- Alberta Institute of Diabetes and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Mohammad Fatehi
- Alberta Institute of Diabetes and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Intapad S, Dasinger JH, Fahling JM, Backstrom MA, Alexander BT. Testosterone is protective against impaired glucose metabolism in male intrauterine growth-restricted offspring. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187843. [PMID: 29145418 PMCID: PMC5690651 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Placental insufficiency alters the intrauterine environment leading to increased risk for chronic disease including impaired glucose metabolism in low birth weight infants. Using a rat model of low birth weight, we previously reported that placental insufficiency induces a significant increase in circulating testosterone in male intrauterine growth-restricted offspring (mIUGR) in early adulthood that is lost by 12 months of age. Numerous studies indicate testosterone has a positive effect on glucose metabolism in men. Female growth-restricted littermates exhibit glucose intolerance at 6 months of age. Thus, the aim of this paper was to determine whether mIUGR develop impaired glucose metabolism, and whether a decrease in elevated testosterone levels plays a role in its onset. Male growth-restricted offspring were studied at 6 and 12 months of age. No impairment in glucose tolerance was observed at 6 months of age when mIUGR exhibited a 2-fold higher testosterone level compared to age-matched control. Fasting blood glucose was significantly higher and glucose tolerance was impaired with a significant decrease in circulating testosterone in mIUGR at 12 compared with 6 months of age. Castration did not additionally impair fasting blood glucose or glucose tolerance in mIUGR at 12 months of age, but fasting blood glucose was significantly elevated in castrated controls. Restoration of elevated testosterone levels significantly reduced fasting blood glucose and improved glucose tolerance in mIUGR. Thus, our findings suggest that the endogenous increase in circulating testosterone in mIUGR is protective against impaired glucose homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suttira Intapad
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States of America
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - John Henry Dasinger
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States of America
| | - Joel M. Fahling
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States of America
| | - Miles A. Backstrom
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States of America
| | - Barbara T. Alexander
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Asih PR, Tegg ML, Sohrabi H, Carruthers M, Gandy SE, Saad F, Verdile G, Ittner LM, Martins RN. Multiple Mechanisms Linking Type 2 Diabetes and Alzheimer's Disease: Testosterone as a Modifier. J Alzheimers Dis 2017; 59:445-466. [PMID: 28655134 PMCID: PMC6462402 DOI: 10.3233/jad-161259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Evidence in support of links between type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) has increased considerably in recent years. AD pathological hallmarks include the accumulation of extracellular amyloid-β (Aβ) and intracellular hyperphosphorylated tau in the brain, which are hypothesized to promote inflammation, oxidative stress, and neuronal loss. T2DM exhibits many AD pathological features, including reduced brain insulin uptake, lipid dysregulation, inflammation, oxidative stress, and depression; T2DM has also been shown to increase AD risk, and with increasing age, the prevalence of both conditions increases. In addition, amylin deposition in the pancreas is more common in AD than in normal aging, and although there is no significant increase in cerebral Aβ deposition in T2DM, the extent of Aβ accumulation in AD correlates with T2DM duration. Given these similarities and correlations, there may be common underlying mechanism(s) that predispose to both T2DM and AD. In other studies, an age-related gradual loss of testosterone and an increase in testosterone resistance has been shown in men; low testosterone levels can also occur in women. In this review, we focus on the evidence for low testosterone levels contributing to an increased risk of T2DM and AD, and the potential of testosterone treatment in reducing this risk in both men and women. However, such testosterone treatment may need to be long-term, and would need regular monitoring to maintain testosterone at physiological levels. It is possible that a combination of testosterone therapy together with a healthy lifestyle approach, including improved diet and exercise, may significantly reduce AD risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prita R. Asih
- Department of Anatomy, Dementia Research Unit, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- KaRa Institute of Neurological Diseases, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Michelle L. Tegg
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Hamid Sohrabi
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Australian Alzheimer’s Research Foundation Perth, WA, Australia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | | | - Samuel E. Gandy
- Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry and the Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L Levy Place, New York, NY, USA
| | - Farid Saad
- Bayer Pharma AG, Global Medical Affairs Andrology, Berlin, Germany
- Gulf Medical University School of Medicine, Ajman, UAE
| | - Giuseppe Verdile
- Australian Alzheimer’s Research Foundation Perth, WA, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University of Technology, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - Lars M. Ittner
- Department of Anatomy, Dementia Research Unit, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ralph N. Martins
- KaRa Institute of Neurological Diseases, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Australian Alzheimer’s Research Foundation Perth, WA, Australia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
The association of diabetes and obesity with prostate cancer aggressiveness among Black Americans and White Americans in a population-based study. Cancer Causes Control 2016; 27:1475-1485. [PMID: 27830399 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-016-0828-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Few studies have investigated the role of race in the association of diabetes and obesity with prostate cancer aggressiveness. Here we evaluate the independent association between diabetes and obesity with prostate cancer aggressiveness in White Americans and Black Americans. METHODS Our cross-sectional, case-only study consisted of 1,058 White Americans and 991 Black Americans from the North Carolina-Louisiana Prostate Cancer (PCaP) project. Diabetes status was determined by self-report. Obesity was determined using body mass index and calculated based on anthropometric measurements. High aggressive prostate cancer was defined as Gleason sum ≥8, or prostate-specific antigen >20 ng/ml, or Gleason sum = 7 and clinical stage cT3-cT4. The association between diabetes and obesity with high aggressive prostate cancer at diagnosis was evaluated using multivariable logistic regression and adjusted for potential confounders. RESULTS Diabetes was not associated with high aggressive prostate cancer in the overall sample (OR 1.04; 95% CI 0.79, 1.37), White Americans (OR 1.00; 95% CI 0.65, 1.57) or Black Americans (OR 1.07; 95% CI 0.75, 1.53). Obesity, independent of diabetes, was positively associated with high aggressive prostate cancer in White Americans (OR 1.98; 95% CI 1.14, 3.43), but not in the overall sample (OR 1.37; 95% CI 0.99, 1.92) or Black Americans (OR 1.09; 95% CI 0.71, 1.67). CONCLUSIONS Diabetes was not associated with prostate cancer aggressiveness, overall, or in either race group. Obesity, independent of diabetes, was associated with high aggressive prostate cancer only in White Americans.
Collapse
|
13
|
Effects of resistance training on testosterone metabolism in younger and older men. Exp Gerontol 2015; 69:148-58. [PMID: 26079649 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2015.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Revised: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of resistance training (RT) on the metabolism of testosterone (T) in younger (n=5, 28±3yrs.) and older (n=8, 70±2yrs.) men. Experimental heavy resistance exercises (5×10RM leg presses) were performed before and after a 12-month of RT. No age differences were found in the production or metabolic clearance rate of T (determined by stable isotope dilution method), skeletal muscle androgen receptor content or serum LH concentrations due to acute or chronic RT. The T production capacity response to gonadotropin stimulation and the concentrations of the urinary T metabolites (androsterone and etiocholanolone) were lower in the older compared to younger men (p<0.05-0.01). This study further showed that RT may have acute effect on T production and clearance rates, while the exercise-induced increases in serum T appeared to be induced by decreased metabolic clearance rate of T. Attenuated T production capacity and urinary excretion of T metabolites in older men may reflect the known reduction in testicular steroidogenesis upon aging. No changes were observed in T metabolism due to RT indicating a homeostatic stability for this hormone in men of different ages.
Collapse
|
14
|
Aghazadeh Y, Zirkin BR, Papadopoulos V. Pharmacological regulation of the cholesterol transport machinery in steroidogenic cells of the testis. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2015; 98:189-227. [PMID: 25817870 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2014.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Reduced serum testosterone (T), or hypogonadism, is estimated to affect about 5 million American men, including both aging and young men. Low serum T has been linked to mood changes, worsening cognition, fatigue, depression, decreased lean body mass and bone mineral density, increased visceral fat, metabolic syndrome, decreased libido, and sexual dysfunction. Administering exogenous T, known as T-replacement therapy (TRT), reverses many of the symptoms of low T levels. However, this treatment can result in luteinizing hormone suppression which, in turn, can lead to reduced sperm numbers and infertility, making TRT inappropriate for men who wish to father children. Additionally, TRT may result in supraphysiologic T levels, skin irritation, and T transfer to others upon contact; and there may be increased risk of prostate cancer and cardiovascular disease, particularly in aging men. Therefore, the development of alternate therapies for treating hypogonadism would be highly desirable. To do so requires greater understanding of the series of steps leading to T formation and how they are regulated, and the identification of key steps that are amenable to pharmacological modulation so as to induce T production. We review herein our current understanding of mechanisms underlying the pharmacological induction of T formation in hypogonadal testis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasaman Aghazadeh
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Barry R Zirkin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Vassilios Papadopoulos
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Maggio M, Lauretani F, De Vita F, Basaria S, Lippi G, Butto V, Luci M, Cattabiani C, Ceresini G, Verzicco I, Ferrucci L, Ceda GP. Multiple hormonal dysregulation as determinant of low physical performance and mobility in older persons. Curr Pharm Des 2015; 20:3119-48. [PMID: 24050169 DOI: 10.2174/13816128113196660062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mobility-disability is a common condition in older individuals. Many factors, including the age-related hormonal dysregulation, may concur to the development of disability in the elderly. In fact, during the aging process it is observed an imbalance between anabolic hormones that decrease (testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS), estradiol, insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and Vitamin D) and catabolic hormones (cortisol, thyroid hormones) that increase. We start this review focusing on the mechanisms by which anabolic and catabolic hormones may affect physical performance and mobility. To address the role of the hormonal dysregulation to mobility-disability, we start to discuss the contribution of the single hormonal derangement. The studies used in this review were selected according to the period of time of publication, ranging from 2002 to 2013, and the age of the participants (≥65 years). We devoted particular attention to the effects of anabolic hormones (DHEAS, testosterone, estradiol, Vitamin D and IGF-1) on both skeletal muscle mass and strength, as well as other objective indicators of physical performance. We also analyzed the reasons beyond the inconclusive data coming from RCTs using sex hormones, thyroid hormones, and vitamin D (dosage, duration of treatment, baseline hormonal values and reached hormonal levels). We finally hypothesized that the parallel decline of anabolic hormones has a higher impact than a single hormonal derangement on adverse mobility outcomes in older population. Given the multifactorial origin of low mobility, we underlined the need of future synergistic optional treatments (micronutrients and exercise) to improve the effectiveness of hormonal treatment and to safely ameliorate the anabolic hormonal status and mobility in older individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Gian Paolo Ceda
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Geriatrics via Gramsci 14, 43100, Parma, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Lee WC, Kim MT, Ko KT, Lee WK, Kim SY, Kim HY, Yang DY. Relationship between Serum Testosterone and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Determined Using the Framingham Risk Score in Male Patients with Sexual Dysfunction. World J Mens Health 2014; 32:139-44. [PMID: 25606562 PMCID: PMC4298816 DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.2014.32.3.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 10/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of testosterone on cardiovascular disease by using the Framingham Risk Score (FRS) in patients with sexual dysfunction. Materials and Methods A total of 308 men with sexual dysfunction were enrolled in this study. Clinical assessments included the 15-item International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF), blood pressure measurement, and clinical laboratory indexes. The FRS, which predicts the incidence rate of cardiovascular diseases in the next 10 years, was calculated on the basis of age, gender, total cholesterol, smoking status, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, and systolic blood pressure. Results The mean age of the 308 enrolled patients was 49.42±10.73 years, and the patients' mean body mass index (kg/m2) was 25.07±3.14. The mean total IIEF score was 28.44±18.06. The median total testosterone concentration was 3.2 ng/mL (interquartile range [IQR]: 2.3~3.2 ng/mL). The median calculated free and bioavailable testosterone concentrations were 0.052 ng/mL (IQR 0.039~0.070 ng/mL) and 1.30 ng/mL (IQR: 1.00~1.76 ng/mL), respectively. The mean FRS was 10.47±6.45. The FRS tended to show a negative correlation with the total and calculated free testosterone levels, but this was not significant (p=0.064 and p=0.074, respectively). In the multiple linear regression analysis, a significant negative correlation was observed between the total testosterone level and the FRS (p=0.048). Conclusions The results suggest that the testosterone level is related to the FRS and that a high testosterone level may decrease the risk of cardiovascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wan Chul Lee
- Department of Urology, Hallym University Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ma Tae Kim
- Department of Urology, Hallym University Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Tae Ko
- Department of Urology, Hallym University Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won Ki Lee
- Department of Urology, Hallym University Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Sung Yong Kim
- Department of Urology, Hallym University Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ha Young Kim
- Department of Urology, Hallym University Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dae Yul Yang
- Department of Urology, Hallym University Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Huhtaniemi I. Late-onset hypogonadism: current concepts and controversies of pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment. Asian J Androl 2014; 16:192-202. [PMID: 24407185 PMCID: PMC3955328 DOI: 10.4103/1008-682x.122336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although suppressed serum testosterone (T) is common in ageing men, only a small proportion of them develop the genuine syndrome of low T associated with diffuse sexual (e.g., erectile dysfunction), physical (e.g. loss of vigor and frailty) and psychological (e.g., depression) symptoms. This syndrome carries many names, including male menopause or climacterium, andropause and partial androgen deficiency of the ageing male (PADAM). Late-onset hypogonadism (LOH) describes it best and is therefore generally preferred. The decrease of T in LOH is often marginal, and hypogonadism can be either due to primary testicular failure (low T, high luteinizing hormone (LH)) or secondary to a hypothalamic-pituitary failure (low T, low or inappropriately normal LH). The latter form is more common and it is usually associated with overweight/obesity or chronic diseases (e.g., type 2 diabetes mellitus, the metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and frailty). A problem with the diagnosis of LOH is that often the symptoms (in 20%–40% of unselected men) and low circulating T (in 20% of men >70 years of age) do not coincide in the same individual. The European Male Ageing Study (EMAS) has recently defined the strict diagnostic criteria for LOH to include the simultaneous presence of reproducibly low serum T (total T <11 nmol l−1 and free T <220 pmol l−1) and three sexual symptoms (erectile dysfunction, and reduced frequency of sexual thoughts and morning erections). By these criteria, only 2% of 40- to 80-year-old men have LOH. In particular obesity, but also impaired general health, are more common causes of low T than chronological age per se. Evidence-based information whether, and how, LOH should be treated is sparse. The most logical approach is lifestyle modification, weight reduction and good treatment of comorbid diseases. T replacement is widely used for the treatment, but evidence-based information about its real benefits and short- and long-term risks, is not yet available. In this review, we will summarize the current concepts and controversies in the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of LOH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilpo Huhtaniemi
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, Hammersmth Campus, London, UK; Department of Physiology, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu, Turku, Finland,
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Aghazadeh Y, Martinez-Arguelles DB, Fan J, Culty M, Papadopoulos V. Induction of androgen formation in the male by a TAT-VDAC1 fusion peptide blocking 14-3-3ɛ protein adaptor and mitochondrial VDAC1 interactions. Mol Ther 2014; 22:1779-91. [PMID: 24947306 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2014.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Low testosterone (T), a major cause of male hypogonadism and infertility, is linked to mood changes, fatigue, osteoporosis, reduced bone-mass index, and aging. The treatment of choice, T replacement therapy, has been linked with increased risk for prostate cancer and luteinizing hormone (LH) suppression, and shown to lead to infertility, cardiovascular diseases, and obesity. Alternate methods to induce T with lower side effects are desirable. In search of the mechanisms regulating T synthesis in the testes, we identified the 14-3-3ɛ protein adaptor as a negative regulator of steroidogenesis. Steroidogenesis begins in mitochondria. 14-3-3ɛ interacts with the outer mitochondrial membrane voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC1) protein, forming a scaffold that limits the availability of cholesterol for steroidogenesis. We report the development of a tool able to induce endogenous T formation. Peptides able to penetrate testes conjugated to 14-3-3ɛ site of interaction with VDAC1 blocked 14-3-3ɛ-VDAC1 interactions while at the same time increased VDAC1-translocator protein (18 kDa) interactions that induced steroid formation in rat testes, leading to increased serum T levels. These peptides rescued intratesticular and serum T formation in adult male rats treated with gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist, which dampened LH and T production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasaman Aghazadeh
- 1] The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada [2] Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Daniel B Martinez-Arguelles
- 1] The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada [2] Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jinjiang Fan
- 1] The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada [2] Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Martine Culty
- 1] The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada [2] Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada [3] Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Vassilios Papadopoulos
- 1] The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada [2] Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada [3] Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada [4] Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada [5] Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Maqdasy S, Baptissart M, Vega A, Baron S, Lobaccaro JMA, Volle DH. Cholesterol and male fertility: what about orphans and adopted? Mol Cell Endocrinol 2013; 368:30-46. [PMID: 22766106 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2012.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2012] [Revised: 06/20/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The link between cholesterol homeostasis and male fertility has been clearly suggested in patients who suffer from hyperlipidemia and metabolic syndrome. This has been confirmed by the generation of several transgenic mouse models or in animals fed with high cholesterol diet. Next to the alteration of the endocrine signaling pathways through steroid receptors (androgen and estrogen receptors); "orphan" and "adopted" nuclear receptors, such as the Liver X Receptors (LXRs), the Proliferating Peroxisomal Activated Receptors (PPARs) or the Liver Receptor Homolog-1 (LRH-1), have been involved in this cross-talk. These transcription factors show distinct expression patterns in the male genital tract, explaining the large panel of phenotypes observed in transgenic male mice and highlighting the importance of lipid homesostasis and the complexity of the molecular pathways involved. Increasing our knowledge of the roles of these nuclear receptors in male germ cell differentiation could help in proposing new approaches to either treat infertile men or define new strategies for contraception.
Collapse
|
20
|
Pacini C, Iorio F, Gonçalves E, Iskar M, Klabunde T, Bork P, Saez-Rodriguez J. DvD: An R/Cytoscape pipeline for drug repurposing using public repositories of gene expression data. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 29:132-4. [PMID: 23129297 PMCID: PMC3530913 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/bts656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Summary: Drug versus Disease (DvD) provides a pipeline, available through R
or Cytoscape, for the comparison of drug and disease gene expression profiles from public
microarray repositories. Negatively correlated profiles can be used to generate hypotheses
of drug-repurposing, whereas positively correlated profiles may be used to infer side
effects of drugs. DvD allows users to compare drug and disease signatures with dynamic
access to databases Array Express, Gene Expression Omnibus and data from the Connectivity
Map. Availability and implementation: R package (submitted to Bioconductor) under
GPL 3 and Cytoscape plug-in freely available for download at www.ebi.ac.uk/saezrodriguez/DVD/. Contact:saezrodriguez@ebi.ac.uk Supplementary information:Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics
online.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clare Pacini
- European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK CB10 1SD
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Balaji V, Williams AA, Sathish S, Mayilvanan C, Narasimhan A, Balasubramanian K. Antidiabetic Potentials of a Novel Polyherbal Preparation Formulated According to Principles of Siddha System of Medicine. J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med 2012. [DOI: 10.1177/2156587212451027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the principles of Siddha system of medicine, the following polyherbal preparation consisting of 5 plant parts in equal ratio namely, Asparagus racemosus, Emblica officinalis, Salacia oblonga, Syzygium aromaticum, and Tinospora cordifolia was formulated to treat experimental type 2 diabetic rats. So, using plants having aphrodisiac property in the formulation is a rational approach and first of its kind, as there have been no reports so far. Phenolics and other bioactive compounds present in polyherbal preparation may be responsible for lipid-lowering effects and strong antioxidant activity. Polyherbal preparation treatment reverted the activities of glycolytic and gluconeogenic enzymes that are disturbed in diabetic rats. It is concluded that polyherbal preparation treatment improves deranged lipid profile, antioxidant status, glycogen content, and decreases lipid peroxidation, which provides stability to membrane integrity and thus favors insulin receptor to achieve better glucose tolerance through a holistic approach.
Collapse
|
22
|
Horstman AM, Dillon EL, Urban RJ, Sheffield-Moore M. The role of androgens and estrogens on healthy aging and longevity. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2012; 67:1140-52. [PMID: 22451474 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/gls068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with a loss of sex hormone in both men (andropause) and women (menopause). In men, reductions in testosterone can trigger declines in muscle mass, bone mass, and in physical function. In women, the impact of the loss of sex hormones, such as estradiol, on bone is well elucidated, but evidence is limited on whether the loss of estradiol negatively affects muscle mass and physical function. However, deficiencies in multiple anabolic hormones have been shown to predict health status and longevity in older persons. Thus, consideration should be given as to whether targeted hormone replacement therapies may prove effective at treating clinical conditions, such as age-related sarcopenia, cancer cachexia, and/or acute or chronic illnesses. If initiated carefully in the appropriate clinical population, hormone replacement therapies in men and women may prevent and reverse muscle and bone loss and functional declines and perhaps promote healthy aging and longevity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Astrid M Horstman
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555-1060, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) or "Syndrome X" which is a constellation of insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, hypertension, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and increased very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and triglyceride (TG) levels. It is one of the main threats for public health in the 21st century with its associated risk of cardiovascular disease. This condition affects a major chunk of mankind. International Diabetes Federation (IDF) estimated that around 20-25% of the adult population of the world has MetS. Several definitions have been put forward by different expert bodies leading to confusion. To overcome this, joint new statement of many expert group have been issued. Serum testosterone (T) has been shown to be associated with MetS. Several studies have shown a higher prevalence of MetS in subjects with low testosterone. There are also several studies showing a significant difference in serum T between those with MetS and those without. Serum T has also been shown to be associated with components of MetS and testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) improves various metabolic and anthropometric parameters in MetS. Patients with androgen deprivation for treatment of various cancers have also been reported to have higher prevalence of MetS. But the evidence of association is not sufficient evidence for the causation of MetS by low testosterone and long-term studies are needed to confirm whether T deficiency is the cause or is a feature of MetS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ranabir Salam
- Department of Medicine, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal, Manipur, India
| | | | - Reetu Keisam
- Department of Physiology, Jawaharlal Nehru Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal, Manipur, India
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
This chapter is an effort to provide a cursory overview of current paradigms in the realm of anti-aging medicine. This subject will be evaluated according to current philosophic, clinical and scientific perspectives which are predominant in the field at this time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arthur T Fort
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue TB-3, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
Some aging men develop a condition of suppressed serum testosterone levels, which is associated with diffuse sexual, physical and psychological symptoms. Several terms are used for this syndrome, but late-onset hypogonadism (LOH) is preferred. The diagnosis of LOH is often uncertain because symptoms (occurring in 20-40% of men) and low circulating testosterone (found in 20% of men >70 years of age) seldom occur together. The strict diagnostic criteria for LOH include reproducibly low serum testosterone levels and sexual symptoms, including erectile dysfunction and reduced frequency of sexual thoughts and morning erections. Using these diagnostic criteria, only 2% of 40-80-year-old men have LOH. Obesity and impaired general health (including diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and frailty) are more common reasons for low testosterone than advanced age per se. It seems logical, therefore, to begin by treating these conditions before testosterone replacement therapy is initiated. Even then, testosterone should only be used if there are no contraindications, such as unstable cardiac disease, serious prostate symptoms and high hemoglobin level. The long-term benefit of testosterone replacement therapy is uncertain, and the experimental nature of the treatment, and its associated risks, must be fully explained to the patient before treatment begins.
Collapse
|
26
|
Ponte CMM, Gurgel MHC, Ponte GA, Ramos AVA, Montenegro Júnior RM. [Metabolic disorders in emerging and neglected infectious diseases]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 54:785-92. [PMID: 21340170 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-27302010000900003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2010] [Accepted: 12/17/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The gradual and progressive replacement of infectious and parasitic by chronic diseases as causes of morbidity and mortality, characterizing the process of epidemiological transition hasn't been observed in various populations, especially in underdeveloped or developing countries characterizing a superposition of these profiles (incomplete transition). Besides the increased prevalence of metabolic disorders, various infectious diseases remain endemic in several regions, such as leprosy, tuberculosis, leishmaniasis, viral hepatitis, among others, as well as emerging diseases in recent decades, as HIV infection/Aids. In this context, more attention has been given to the occurrence of metabolic disturbances in the recent years, mainly from the observation of a high incidence of metabolic disorders associated with HIV infection/Aids, and its therapy with antiretroviral drugs. This review addresses clinical and epidemiological aspects of metabolic disturbances reported in some infectious and parasitic diseases with worldwide and local (Brazil) relevance, as well as possible mechanisms and factors involved in these associations.
Collapse
|
27
|
Saad F, Gooren LJ. The role of testosterone in the etiology and treatment of obesity, the metabolic syndrome, and diabetes mellitus type 2. J Obes 2011; 2011:471584. [PMID: 20847893 PMCID: PMC2931403 DOI: 10.1155/2011/471584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2010] [Accepted: 07/06/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity has become a major health problem. Testosterone plays a significant role in obesity, glucose homeostasis, and lipid metabolism. The metabolic syndrome is a clustering of risk factors predisposing to diabetes mellitus type 2, atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The main components of the syndrome are visceral obesity, insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, raised blood pressure and dyslipidemia (elevated triglycerides, low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol), and a proinflammatory and thrombogenic state. Cross-sectional epidemiological studies have reported a direct correlation between plasma testosterone and insulin sensitivity, and low testosterone levels are associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus, dramatically illustrated by androgen deprivation in men with prostate carcinoma. Lower total testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) predict a higher incidence of the metabolic syndrome. Administration of testosterone to hypogonadal men reverses part of the unfavorable risk profile for the development of diabetes and atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farid Saad
- Bayer Schering Pharma AG, Scientific Affairs Men's Healthcare, D-13342 Berlin, Germany
- Gulf Medical University School of Medicine, Ajman, UAE
- *Farid Saad:
| | | |
Collapse
|