[Dietary fiber--adequate intake and effects on metabolism health]

Can Diet Alter the Intestinal Barrier Permeability in Healthy People? A Systematic Review

Dietary factors can modify the function of the intestinal barrier, causing permeability changes. This systematic review analyzed evidence on the link between diet or dietary interventions and changes in intestinal barrier permeability (IBP) in healthy individuals. A systematic search for primary studies was conducted using the virtual databases EMBASE, PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, and Scopus. This review adhered to PRISMA 2020 guidelines, assessing the methodological quality using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for observational studies and ROB 2.0 for randomized clinical trials. Out of 3725 studies recovered, 12 were eligible for review. Chicory inulin and probiotics reduced IBP in adults with a moderate GRADE level of evidence. The opposite result was obtained with fructose, which increased IBP in adults, with a very low GRADE level of evidence. Only intervention studies with different dietary components were found, and few studies evaluated the effect of specific diets on the IBP. Thus, there was no strong evidence that diet or dietary interventions increase or decrease IBP in healthy individuals. Studies on this topic are necessary, with a low risk of bias and good quality of evidence generated, as there is still little knowledge on healthy populations.

[Development and validation of the food quality score in ELSA-Brasil]

Introduction

miology.Introduction: nutritional epidemiology seeks to understand the relationship between food consumption and the occurrence of diseases. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil) used a reduced Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) to compare diet quality between cohort stages. Objective: to develop and validate an index created using a food quality score (FQS) using the FFQ of ELSA-Brasil. Methods: a cross-sectional study carried out between August 2020 and March 2021 with 4262 participants. For each frequency of consumption of healthy and unhealthy food markers, a score was given. Validity and reliability were tested using Pearson's correlation, principal component analysis (PCA) and Cronbach's alpha. Tests were performed to verify differences between individual characteristics and FQS. Results: the PCA indicated a total variability of 42.5 %. Women and individuals with higher age, physical activity and per capita income had a higher FQS, while those who reported higher consumption of alcohol and being smokers had a lower score. Cronbach's alpha was 0.47. Conclusion: the FQS showed a satisfactory validity and reliability and was associated with socioeconomic and lifestyle data. Therefore, it is a useful tool for comparing dietary information, thus contributing to nutritional epidemiology.

Superabsorbent bacterial cellulose film produced from industrial residue of cashew apple juice processing

The industrial residue of cashew apple juice processing (MRC) was evaluated as an alternative medium for bacterial cellulose (BC) production by Komagataeibacter xylinus ATCC 53582 and Komagataeibacter xylinus ARS B42. The synthetic Hestrin-Schramm medium (MHS) was used as a control for growing and BC production. First, BC production was assessed after 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 days under static culture. After 12 days of cultivation, K. xylinus ATCC 53582 produced the highest BC titer in MHS (3.1 g·L^-1) and MRC (3 g·L^-1), while significant productivity was attained at 6 days of fermentation. To understand the effect of culture medium and fermentation time on the properties of the obtained films, BC produced at 4, 6, or 8 days were submitted to infrared spectroscopy with Fourier transform, thermogravimetry, mechanical tests, water absorption capacity, scanning electron microscopy, degree of polymerization and X-ray diffraction. The properties of BC synthesized in MRC were identical to those of BC from MHS, according to structural, physical, and thermal studies. MRC, on the other hand, allows the production of BC with a high water absorption capacity when compared to MHS. Despite the lower titer (0.88 g·L^-1) achieved in MRC, the BC from K. xylinus ARS B42 presented a high thermal resistance and a remarkable absorption capacity (14664 %), suggesting that it might be used as a superabsorbent biomaterial.

PROPOSAL FOR A CLINICAL PROTOCOL FOR THE CONSERVATIVE TREATMENT OF URGE URINARY INCONTINENCE

Objective: To present a proposal for a clinical protocol for the conservative treatment of urge urinary incontinence. Method: Experience report based on existing scientific evidence and clinical experience of authors who perform nursing consultations for people with urge urinary incontinence, outlined in accordance with the Brazilian Ministry of Health’s proposal for the elaboration of clinical protocols. Results: A clinical protocol was proposed with nursing diagnosis and interventions based on the North American Nursing Diagnosis Association (NANDA) and Nursing Interventions Classifications (NIC), with systematized steps to verify the presence of related factors or conditions associated with the diagnosis, namely: hyperactive pelvic floor, anxiety, constipation, urinary tract infection, low fluid intake, inadequate sanitary behavior, diabetes mellitus, pelvic organ prolapse, high consumption of potential bladder irritants and persistence of symptoms. Soon after, the actions that should be implemented by the nurse were described in detail. Conclusion: It is considered that the flow and detailing of the actions presented can be adopted by nurses in order to identify and treat people with urge urinary incontinence, thus minimizing the prevalence of the problem and promoting the quality of life of these people.

PROPOSTA DE PROTOCOLO CLÍNICO PARA TRATAMENTO CONSERVADOR DA INCONTINÊNCIA URINÁRIA DE URGÊNCIA

Objetivo:Apresentar proposta de protocolo clínico para tratamento conservador da incontinência urinária de urgência (IUU). Método: Relato de experiência fundamentado nas evidências científicas existentes e na experiência clínica dos autores que realizam consultas de enfermagem a pessoas com IUU, delineada conforme proposição do Ministério da Saúde para elaboração de protocolos clínicos. Resultados: Foi proposto um protocolo clínico com diagnóstico e intervenções de enfermagem baseados na North American Nursing Diagnosis Association (NANDA) e na Nursing Interventions Classifications, com etapas sistematizadas em verificar presença de fatores relacionados ou condições associadas ao diagnóstico, sendo eles: assoalho pélvico hiperativo, ansiedade, constipação, infecção urinária, baixa ingestão hídrica, comportamento sanitário inadequado, diabetes mellitus, prolapso de órgão pélvico, alto consumo de potenciais irritantes vesicais e persistência de sintomas. Logo após, as ações que devem ser implementadas pelo enfermeiro são descritas de forma detalhada. Conclusão: Considera-se que o fluxo e o detalhamento das ações apresentadas possam ser adotados pelos enfermeiros de forma a identificarem e tratarem pessoas com IUU, minimizando assim a prevalência do problema e fomentando a qualidade de vida dessas pessoas.

Desenvolvimento e caracterização de sorvete funcional de alto teor proteico com ora-pro-nóbis (Pereskia aculeata Miller) e inulina

Resumo A utilização de matérias-primas funcionais vem crescendo nos últimos anos e tem como objetivo fornecer, além de nutrientes essenciais, compostos associados a efeitos benéficos à saúde. Dentre os ingredientes com alegações funcionais, a inulina tem sido considerada uma importante fibra alimentar. Além disso, o conhecimento e a utilização de Plantas Alimentícias Não Convencionais (PANCs) vêm recebendo destaque, valorizando a biodiversidade e a alimentação mais sustentável. Assim, o presente estudo teve como objetivo desenvolver sorvetes utilizando matérias-primas não convencionais, a planta ora-pro-nóbis e a inulina, a fim de produzir alimento funcional e inovador. Foram elaboradas duas formulações de sorvetes, que se diferenciaram apenas pela quantidade de inulina. Na Formulação 1 (F1), o sorvete de ora-pro-nóbis recebeu adição de 3% de inulina e, na Formulação 2 (F2), o sorvete de ora-pro-nóbis recebeu adição de 6% de inulina. Foram realizadas análises físico-químicas e de aminoácidos das folhas de ora-pro-nóbis. Posteriormente, foram conduzidas as análises microbiológicas, físico-químicas e sensoriais das formulações de sorvete. Os resultados foram comparados estatisticamente pelo método t-Student com nível de significância de (p˂0,05). O teor proteico das formulações foi elevado, 10,54 ± 2,20% para F1 e 12,13 ± 0,57% para F2. Não houve diferença significativa nos conteúdos de lipídios, cinzas, proteínas e fibra bruta entre as formulações. As amostras estão de acordo com os padrões microbiológicos estabelecidos pela legislação. Com relação à análise de incorporação de ar, a F2 apresentou valor superior (41,26 ± 0,13%) comparada à F1 (36,36 ± 0,17%). Além disso, a F2 apresentou menor taxa de derretimento (1,20 g/minuto) que a F1 (3,38 g/minuto). Os sorvetes apresentaram boa aceitação sensorial e podem servir como opção de consumo para as pessoas que procuram um produto saudável e com elevado teor de proteínas.

Perfil do consumidor de alimentos funcionais: identidade e hábitos de vida

Resumo Com a mudança na alimentação dos adultos nas últimas décadas, aumenta o desenvolvimento de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis. Aumentar o consumo de alimentos funcionais, com ações metabólicas benéficas ao organismo, é uma estratégia para proporcionar benefícios à saúde em longo prazo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar os fatores que têm influência na percepção e no consumo de alimentos funcionais por adultos. Neste estudo, dentre os fatores que interferem no consumo de alimentos funcionais identificados, os aspectos socioeconômicos, de saúde e de qualidade dos alimentos se destacaram. No âmbito geral, apesar de controvérsias, os estudos caracterizam os consumidores de alimentos funcionais como mulheres, de boa situação financeira e alto nível de escolaridade, que se preocupam com a saúde de forma global, na medida em que praticam atividades físicas e têm uma alimentação adequada. Ademais, percebe-se que a cultura local tem bastante influência na percepção dos alimentos funcionais. Alguns fatores, como a familiaridade, sejam do produto, seja da alegação funcional, também são importantes para determinar a atitude do consumidor perante esses alimentos. O sabor é o principal atributo sensorial que define o consumo de alimentos funcionais. Os consumidores também tendem a preferir alimentos que são considerados naturais e não processados. Portanto, estudos que relacionem hábitos globais de saúde e o consumo de alimentos funcionais podem ser interessantes para assim nortear as intervenções e a inovação na produção de alimentos nesta área.

Baseline Diet Quality Is Related to Changes in the Body Composition and Inflammatory Markers: An Intervention Study Based on Resistance Training and Nutritional Advice

Habitual food intake and physical activity can affect chronic low-grade inflammation, which is common in the elderly, because of changes in the immune system and body composition. Thus, the present study proposes an evaluation of the influence of past eating habits on the effects of an intervention of resistance training plus dietary advice on the inflammatory profile of the elderly. We conducted an intervention study with 40 elderly people. The Revised Diet Quality Index (HEI-R) and the dietary total antioxidant capacity (dTAC) were calculated before the intervention based on a food frequency questionnaire validated to the elderly population. Participants were categorized according to the median of HEI-R and dTAC to assess the influence of the habitual diet quality on anthropometry and inflammatory markers (CRP, IL-8, CCL-2, and leptin) before and after the intervention. The 19-week intervention provided a long-term progressive resistance training associated with dietary advice focused on foods rich in compounds with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. There was a greater reduction in weight, body mass index (BMI), and body fat (%) in the group with the lowest HEI-R and a greater reduction in the body fat (%) in the group with the lowest dTAC, indicating that the group that had a worse diet quality before the intervention responded better to it. The index HEI-R correlated negatively with Δweight and ΔBMI. dTAC correlated positively with Δmonocyte 1 chemotactic protein (CCL-2) and ΔC-reactive protein (CRP). In this scenario, elderly persons with bad habits can benefit from interventions to lifestyle change, while the better diet quality including dietary antioxidant sources can be useful to control weight and inflammatory biomarkers in this population.

Influence of Diet on the Effect of the Probiotic Lactobacillus paracasei in Rats Suffering From Allergic Asthma

Mounting evidence suggests that probiotics can be used to treat allergic asthma by modulating the gut microbiota, and that the effects of probiotics may be influenced by environmental factors such as diet. We conducted a rat model with allergic asthma (AA) modulated by Lactobacillus paracasei, feeding up with high-fat or high-fiber diets based on collecting data from 85 questionnaires. The systemic proinflammatory cytokines were detected by ELISA and the overall structure of fecal microbiota was analyzed via 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The results showed consumption of a high-fiber diet alleviated the allergic symptoms and airway inflammation, and led to improving the imbalance of T-helper type 1 (Th1)/Th2 cells with increased expression of interferon-γ and decreased expression of interleukin-4. Whereas, the high-fat diet had deteriorating implications and skewed the inflammatory perturbation. Furthermore, abundances of phylum Bacteroidetes, families Muribaculaceae, Tannerellaceae, Prevotellaceae, Enterococcaceae, genera Allobaculum, Parabacteroides, and Enterococcus were enriched in L. paracasei-modulating rats fed with high-fiber diet. Firmicutes and Proteobacteria, families Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae and Desulfovibrionaceae, genera Blautia, unidentified_Ruminococcaceae, unidentified_Clostridiales and Oscillibacter were in relatively high abundance in the rats administered high-fat diet. Association between changed microbiota and inflammatory cytokines was also conferred. These data indicated that the efficacy of L. paracasei in allergic asthma was influenced by different dietary patterns. Hence, diet is important for probiotic therapy when managing allergic asthma.

[Low intake of dietary fibers among the elderly: 2014/2015 ISACAMP population-based study]

The scope of this article is to evaluate the prevalence of inadequate dietary fiber intake and associated factors among elderly adults. A cross-sectional population-based study evaluating participants from the Health Survey of the City of Campinas (ISACAMP) was conducted in 2014/2015, with 1,074 elderly individuals (≥60 years). Dietary fiber intake was obtained using a 24-hour recall, and the prevalence of inadequate fibers was estimated according to the cut-off point of the Institute of Medicine (30 g/day for men and 21 g/day for women). The factors evaluated were sociodemographic conditions (sex, age, schooling, income, marital status), health (number of reported diseases) and lifestyle (physical activity, smoking and alcohol consumption). The prevalence of inadequate dietary fiber intake was 86.6%, being higher in men (RP=1.10), single or divorced (RP=1.09) and physically inactive (PR=1.07). Elderly adults with higher incomes and who reported having 1 to 2 chronic non-communicable diseases had a higher intake of fibers. The high prevalence of inadequate dietary fiber intake in the elderly adults indicates that health and nutrition actions should be developed to ensure adequate dietary intake of these compounds.

Encapsulation of Fruit Flavor Compounds through Interaction with Polysaccharides

Production and storage, the influence of packaging materials and the presence of other ingredients in fruit products can cause changes in flavor compounds or even their loss. Due to these issues, there is a need to encapsulate flavor compounds, and polysaccharides are often used as efficient carriers. In order to achieve effective encapsulation, satisfactory retention and/or controlled release of flavor compounds, it is necessary to understand the nature of the coated and coating materials. Interactions that occur between these compounds are mostly non-covalent interactions (hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic interactions and van der Waals forces); additionally, the formation of the inclusion complexes of flavor compounds and polysaccharides can also occur. This review provides insight into studies about the encapsulation of flavor compounds, as well as basic characteristics of encapsulation such as the choice of coating material, the effect of various factors on the encapsulation efficiency and an explanation of the nature of binding.

Effects of different drying methods on the chemical, nutritional and colour of yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) leaves

This work investigates the effect of different drying processes on chemical, nutritional and leaves colour characteristics for Ilex paraguariensis leaves. These processes were composed of typical drying techniques (roasting + rotary dryer and roasting + conveyor dryer), and cutting-edge techniques (microwave oven [MW], freeze-drying (FD) and oven dryer [OD]). The MW can be an alternative technique, this is because the content of phenolic compounds (77 mg/g), antioxidant capacity (DPPH and ABTS) (∼370 and ∼1040 μM TE/g), methylxanthines and caffeoylquinic acids (2–4 mg/g) were similar, and sometimes higher, to the conventional drying processes. Leaves dried with MW also exhibited satisfactory nutritional analysis for protein (16.4%), dietary fibre (52.3%), ash (6.4%), lipid (6.1%) and moisture (5.7%), implying that yerba mate is a potential source of fibre and protein. Furthermore, the MW preserved leaves green colour (high and low scores of b* and a*, respectively).

Red mombin (Spondias purpurea L.) seed flour as a functional component in chocolate brownies

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the technological properties of red mombin seed flour (RMSF) and its effect on the nutritional composition and physical properties of chocolate brownies. RMSF was incorporated at various levels (25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) into the formulation, with control brownies produced using refined (white) wheat flour (WWF). Results demonstrated that the addition of RMSF was beneficial to dietary fiber and ash content. Mineral profiles were shown to be an important factor for recommended daily intake values. Moreover, the antioxidant activity in this dessert increased approximately 13% due to the addition of RMSF, thus allowing longer preservation of the product in face of oxidation. Regarding textural parameters, the lowest concentration (25%) was sufficient to improve chewiness, gumminess, cohesiveness and resilience. Therefore, the incorporation of RMSF in chocolate brownies was capable of completely replacing WWF, improving physical and nutritional characteristics.

Oat bran in cardiovascular risk control in mental disorder

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the effect of oat bran supplementation on cardiovascular risk components of patients with mental disorders.

METHOD

A before-and-after study, no control group. Cardiovascular risk indicators were assessed at baseline (M0), 90 (M1), 180 days (M2) and 180 days after supplementation (M3).

RESULTS

Of the 45 patients admitted to a psychiatric institution using antipsychotics, more than two thirds had high cardiovascular risk assessed by abdominal obesity. Forty-six point seven percent were overweight and 31.1% metabolic syndrome. Oat bran was effective in reducing serum cholesterol (M0-M1), HDL-cholesterol (M1-M2), triglycerides (M1-M2), (M2-M3) and (M1-M3). In M3, there was a statistical difference for all indicators evaluated.

CONCLUSION

Oat bran supplementation was effective in improving triglyceride, total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol levels, suggesting that it is a therapeutic option for cardiovascular risk control in patients with psychiatric disorders.

Cardiometabolic risk and health behaviours in adolescents with normal-weight obesity: a systematic review

OBJECTIVE

To analyse the presence of cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescents with normal-weight obesity (NWO), as well as to investigate health behaviours related to the phenotype.

DESIGN

The study was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and the bibliographic search was carried out in the PubMed, Scielo and ScienceDirect databases.

SETTING

School, university and population.

PARTICIPANTS

Adolescents between 10 and 19 years old.

RESULTS

A total of eight papers were included. Most studies have found a relationship between NWO and the presence of cardiometabolic risk factors, such as high waist circumference, unfavourable lipid and glycid profile. As for health behaviours, three of the eight studies included evaluated eating habits; however, the results were not conclusive. In addition, four studies analysed the practice of physical activity or physical fitness, which was lower in NWO.

CONCLUSIONS

The available evidence indicates that NWO is related to the early development of cardiometabolic changes, physical inactivity and less physical fitness in adolescents. The results also reveal the importance of early detection of the phenotype, as well as the need for further research on the associated factors to prevent future diseases. Registration (PROSPERO: CRD42020161204).

Nutritional and functional potential of pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata) pulp and pequi (Caryocar brasiliense Camb.) peel flours

The purpose of this paper was to develop and characterize pumpkin pulp flour (Cucurbita moschata) and pequi peel flour (Caryocar brasiliense Camb.) in order to evaluate their nutritional and functional potential for the development of healthier products. The flours were developed and characterized by proximal composition, sodium, total sugars, phenolic compounds and carotenoids content, and in vitro antioxidant capacity by ABTS, FRAP and β-carotene/linoleic acid system methods. The means and the standard deviations were calculated for all data. Pearson correlation analysis between phenolics and antioxidant activities results was carried out, using SPSS Statistics 17.0 software. The pumpkin pulp flour presented high levels of dietary fiber (21.95 g/100 g), total sugars (51.88 g/100 g), protein (11.08 g/100 g) and carotenoids (249.04 μg/g), low levels of sodium (27.28 mg/100 g), and high antioxidant capacity by the β-carotene/linoleic acid system (73.00% protection). The pequi peel flour presented high levels of dietary fiber (42.09 g/100 g) and phenolic compounds (20,893.73 mg GAE/100 g), low levels of sodium (22.84 mg/100 g), and high antioxidant capacity by ABTS (2105.18 μM trolox/g), FRAP (6292.11 μM ferrous sulfate/g) and β-carotene/linoleic acid system (92.94% protection) methods. Both flours can be used for the development of healthy foods.

Campomanesia sp. flour attenuates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease on rats fed with a hypercaloric diet

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a metabolic disorder caused by excess consumption of hypercaloric foods. Guavira (Campomanesia sp.) pulp has broad technological applicability, yet the peel and seeds are considered industrial residue. The objective of this unprecedented study was to evaluate the effects of the flour from guavira's industrial residue (GF) consumption in rats fed with hypercaloric diet (HD). During 65 days, 50 rats were separated into a control group: 1%, 2%, 4% and 8% HD with GF complementation in the diet. The GF chemical composition, phenolic compounds, antioxidant capacity, serum biochemical parameters (glucose, cholesterol, HDL, non-HDL, triglycerides, AST, ALT, and oral glucose tolerance test), fat liver content, and hepatic histomorphology had been characterized. GF is mainly composed of fibres, with phenolic content of 7,391.09 mg AGE/100 g GF and relevant antioxidant capacity (IC50 2.22 and ORAC 155.68 μmol/TE g^-1 ). Serum biochemical analysis did not differ statistically (except ALT reduction, p < .05). Fat liver content was smaller on HD2%GF (p < .0001). The control group and 1% GF showed greater diffuse microvesicular steatosis compared to the other groups when using hepatic morphological analysis (p < .05). GF consumption attenuated NAFLD caused by a hypercaloric diet, and this effect may be related to the fibre content and bioactive compounds in GF.

Effects of passion fruit peel flour (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa O. Deg.) in cafeteria diet-induced metabolic disorders

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE

Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa O. Deg. is a native Brazilian fruit known as sour or yellow passion fruit. From its peel, mainly in the northeast of Brazil, is produced a flour that is largely used as folk medicine to treat diabetes and other metabolic conditions.

AIM OF THE STUDY

The aim of the study was to show the effects of P. edulis peel flour (PEPF) in metabolic disorders caused by cafeteria diet in mice.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

The antioxidant activity in vitro of PEPF extract was determined by ferric reducing/antioxidant power, β-carotene/linoleic acid system and nitric oxide scavenging activity assay. C57BL/6 mice divided in 3 groups: Control group, fed on a standard diet (AIN); Cafeteria diet (CAF) group, fed on a cafeteria diet, and PEPF group, fed on a cafeteria diet containing 15% of PEPF, during 16 weeks. The glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity were evaluated through the glucose tolerance test (GTT) and the insulin tolerance test (ITT). After the intervention period, blood, hepatic, pancreatic and adipose tissues were collected for biochemical and histological analysis. Cholesterol, triglyceride, interleukins and antioxidant enzymes were measured in the liver tissue.

RESULTS

PEPF extract presented antioxidant activity in the higher concentrations in the performed assays. The PEPF intake decreased the body weight gain, fat deposition, predominantly in the liver, improved the glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in metabolic changes caused by cafeteria diet.

CONCLUSION

Together, the data herein obtained points out that P. edulis peel flour supplementation in metabolic syndrome condition induced by CAF-diet, prevents insulin and glucose resistance, hepatic steatosis and adiposity.

Influência da incorporação de polidextrose como substituto de gordura na qualidade de pão de queijo

Resumo Um dos grandes desafios do desenvolvimento de produtos com baixos teores de gordura é manter suas características sensoriais. A polidextrose pode ser utilizada como um substituto de gordura, sem causar grandes alterações no produto final. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as características físico-químicas, propriedades nutricionais e investigar o potencial de aceitação de pães de queijo formulados com polidextrose. Foram elaboradas 4 formulações: formulação 1 (sem substituição de óleo por polidextrose); formulações 2, 3 e 4 (contendo diferentes concentrações de substituição de óleo e polidextrose). Participaram da avaliação sensorial 100 provadores não treinados, de 18 a 62 anos. Nas análises físico-químicas foram determinados os teores de água, cinzas, proteínas, lipídeos, textura, volume específico e cor, sendo realizado cálculo teórico para quantificação de carboidratos (por diferença) e fibras. Os resultados demonstraram que nos atributos avaliados as formulações obtiveram aceitabilidade superior a 70%, exceto o atributo intenção de compra da formulação padrão. Foi observado que o desenvolvimento de formulações contendo 4% de polidextrose apresentaram textura semelhante à formulação padrão. Assim, a adição de polidextrose em pães de queijo permitiu a obtenção de produtos com menores teores de lipídeos, maior teor de fibras, boa aceitação sensorial e características tecnológicas semelhantes ao padrão, indicando seu potencial de comercialização.

Frequent Usage of Convenience Stores is Associated with Low Diet Quality

Previous studies have revealed that the density of convenience stores in the neighborhood was associated with chronic diseases. In Japan, convenience stores are more common, and it is thus more important to assess whether people use convenience stores than the density or availability of the convenience stores. In this cross-sectional study of patients with type 2 diabetes, the association between the usage of the convenience stores and dietary habits or the prevalence of hypertension was evaluated. Among the 206 men and 161 women in the study, 24 men and 9 women used convenience stores three or more times per week. Fruit and vegetable intake (men, 132 (102−191) vs. 192 (128−267) g/1000 kcal, p = 0.019; and women, 178 (132−207) vs. 239 (172−313) g/1000 kcal, p = 0.063) of patients who frequently use convenience stores was lower compared to those who did not. Net endogenous acid production score (men, 55.2 (45.4−65.2) vs. 48.9 (42.3−56.8) mEq/day, p = 0.013; and women, 56.9 (52.6−59.8) vs. 46.3 (40.9−54.0) mEq/day, p = 0.050) and intake of carbohydrate to fiber ratio (men, 21.5 (20.0−29.3) vs. 19.9 (15.7−25.0), p = 0.052; and women, 21.0 (18.9−23.9) vs. 16.2 (13.8−20.3), p = 0.017) of patients who frequently use convenience stores were higher compared to those who did not. Additionally, frequent usage of convenience stores was associated with the prevalence of hypertension after adjusting for covariates (5.01; 95% confidence interval, 1.12−22.50; p = 0.035). In conclusion, frequent usage of convenience stores is associated with low diet quality and the prevalence of hypertension.

Low-Fiber Intake Is Associated With High Production of Intraperitoneal Inflammation Biomarkers

OBJECTIVE

Fiber intake influences disturbances in the gastrointestinal tract and is associated with systemic inflammation in the general population. Systemic and intraperitoneal inflammation play an important role in defining outcomes in peritoneal dialysis (PD), but the relationship between dietary fiber intake and inflammatory biomarkers has not yet been reported in the population on PD. The objective of the present study is to analyze whether or not fiber intake in patients on PD is associated with serum and intraperitoneal levels of inflammatory biomarkers.

DESIGN AND METHODS

Adult and clinically stable PD patients were included in this observational and cross-sectional study. Fiber intake was assessed by means of a dietary survey and calculated using the DietPro program 5.6i. The population was divided into two groups according to the median fiber intake. We investigated interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), B-cell-activating factor, and plasminogen-activator inhibitor-1 in both serum and peritoneal fluid. The latter was determined after a dwell time of 4 hours.

RESULTS

Fifty-two patients (42% men; aged 53 ± 14 years, 36% diabetics) were evaluated. Low intake of dietary fiber was found in 90% of patients, with a median of 12.2 g per day (3.4-33.3). The group with the highest fiber intake presented lower intraperitoneal levels of IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1. In contrast, only MCP-1 was lower in the serum of those who consumed more fiber. All the associations remained significant after adjustment for confounders with plasminogen-activator inhibitor-1 included.

CONCLUSIONS

Patients on PD frequently present inadequate dietary fiber intake, which appears to have an association with the inflammatory response, particularly in the intraperitoneal component. Further prospective studies, evaluating whether or not a dietetic intervention with a focus on fiber intake affects these biomarkers and clinical outcomes, are essential to determine causality and clinical relevance.

Elevada prevalência de inadequação do consumo de fibras alimentares em idosos e fatores associados: um estudo de base populacional

RESUMO: Introdução: Vários fatores podem gerar mudanças nas práticas alimentares dos idosos, contribuindo para que as recomendações nutricionais não sejam atendidas. Objetivo: Estimar a prevalência de inadequação do consumo de fibras alimentares e seus fatores associados. Metodologia: Estudo transversal de base populacional que utilizou dados do Inquérito de Saúde no Município de Campinas, realizado em 2008/2009, no qual foram analisados 1.509 indivíduos ≥ 60 anos. O consumo alimentar foi estimado por meio do recordatório de 24 horas, e foi calculada a prevalência de inadequação de acordo com o ponto de corte para fibras totais do Institute of Medicine de 30 g/dia para homens e 21 g/dia para mulheres. Os fatores associados foram identificados utilizando modelo hierárquico de regressão de Poisson para estimativa das razões de prevalência, ajustados por variáveis de bloco distal (sociodemográficos) e bloco proximal (condições de saúde e indicadores de estilo de vida). Resultados: A inadequação do consumo de fibras alimentares foi observada em 90,1% da população, significantemente maior no sexo masculino (RP = 1,06), em idosos com parceiro (RP = 1,05), de menor renda (RP = 0,95), inativos fisicamente (RP = 1,05) e naqueles que não gostariam de mudar o peso corporal (RP = 1,05). Conclusão: Considerando que a inadequação de fibras alimentares foi muito elevada, toda a população de 60 anos ou mais deve ser alvo de intervenção nutricional para garantir o aporte adequado desse nutriente.

Nutritional composition of fad diets published on websites and blogs

ABSTRACT Objective To analyze quantitatively the diets available on blogs and websites. Methods The following 15 diets were analyzed: low-carb diet, gluten-free diet and intermittent fasting diet using the Virtual Nutri software program. The nutrients analyzed were as follows: carbohydrates, fibers, proteins, lipids, iodine, sodium, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, manganese, phosphorus, selenium, vitamins A, C, B6, B12, D, niacin, and folate. The nutrient values were compared with the Dietary Reference Intake recommendation for adults between the ages of 19-50 years. The macronutrient adequacy percentage was based on a 2000-kcal diet for a healthy life, as recommended by the World Health Organization. Results It was observed that most of the composition of macro and micronutrients was lower than the one established by the World Health Organization and the Dietary Reference Intake recommendation for adults between the ages of 19-50 years. Conclusion Long-term dieting can be a risk factor for several deficiency diseases and may endanger the health of individuals.

Educational videos with nutritional approach in YouTube

ABSTRACT Objective Produce food and nutrition education videos, post these on YouTube and evaluate their reception over a two-year period. Methods Afterward bibliographic searches, sixteen different themes were developed and explored. An educational objective was defined for each video, took into account food and nutrition aspects in Brazil. The reception of the videos was evaluated using the “YouTube Analytics” tool, which allows analysis of the number of times videos were played, average playing time, and profile of the viewers. Results Sixteen videos were produced from November 2013 to July 2015. Views for each video within two years of posting were calculated individually, giving a total of 78,546 views for all videos. Most of the videos delivered their educational message before the audience lost interest. Conclusion Videos successfully reached the YouTube users and delivered the food and nutrition education messages. Therefore, this pioneering work showed YouTube as a new setting for health promotion in Brazil, paving the way for further initiatives with this platform.

Psidium cattleianum fruits: A review on its composition and bioactivity

Psidium cattleianum Sabine, commonly known as araçá, is a Brazilian native fruit, which is very juicy, with sweet to sub acid pulp and a spicy touch. The fruit can be eaten fresh or processed into juice, jellies and ice creams. Araçás are source of vitamin C, minerals, fatty acids, polysaccharides, volatile compounds, carotenoids and phenolic compounds, which can provide nutrients and phytochemical agents with different biological functions. Different pharmacological studies demonstrate that P. cattleianum exerts antioxidant, antidiabetic, anticarcinogenic, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and antiaging effects. Thus, this article aims to review the chemical composition and biological effects reported for araçá fruit in the last years.

Group-based food and nutritional education for the treatment of obesity in adult women using the family health strategy

ABSTRACT Objective The high prevalence of obesity and its association with chronic diseases is a major public health problem. This study aimed to evaluate a group-based Food and Nutrition Education Program for the treatment of excess weight in Brazilian women attending the Family Health Strategy. Methods This quasi-experimental intervention study was conducted among 172 women, including 87 women in the intervention group who participated in a nutritional education program that addressed topics in the area of nutrition. The Intervention and Control groups underwent an anthropometric evaluation at the beginning of the study and at the 6th month. Results At the end of the intervention, the intervention group showed a significant reduction in weight and Body Mass Index, while the control group showed an increase in these variables. Women who completed the intervention (n=71) showed a mean difference of -5.15 kg and a reduction of 2.04 points in the Body Mass Index. Still 50.7% of the participants in the intervention group achieved a weight loss greater than or equal to 5.0%, and 40.8% of them maintained this reduced weight for up to seven months after the end of the intervention. Conclusion This study emphasizes the importance of group-based food and nutritional education interventions to promote and maintain weight loss, and thus, prevent and treat chronic diseases.

Therapeutic effects of soluble dietary fiber consumption on type 2 diabetes mellitus

Soluble dietary fiber (DF) reduces the risk of developing diabetes and may have therapeutic effects in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). The present study aimed to investigate the effect of soluble DF on metabolic control in patients with DM2. A total of 117 patients with DM2 between the ages of 40 and 70 were assessed. Patients were randomly assigned to one of two groups, and administered extra soluble DF (10 or 20 g/day), or to a control group (0 g/day) for one month. Blood glucose, serum insulin and connecting peptide (C-peptide) levels, and the insulin resistance index, as determined using the homeostatic model assessment method, were measured during fasting and up to 2-h postprandially prior to and following one month of treatment. Other measurements included serum levels of glycated albumin (GA), blood lipid profiles, and an analysis of the blood pressure, body weight and waist/hip ratio of all patients. Following intervention, the levels of 2-h blood glucose, fasting insulin and lipoprotein(a), and the insulin resistance index, were significantly improved in all groups. Furthermore, the fasting blood glucose, 2-h insulin, fasting C-peptide, 2-h C-peptide, GA and triglyceride (TG) levels were significantly improved in the soluble DF groups. The 20 g/day soluble DF group exhibited significantly improved fasting blood glucose and low-density lipoprotein levels, as well as a significantly improved insulin resistance index. In addition, 10 and 20 g/day soluble DF significantly improved the waist and hip circumferences and levels of TGs and apolipoprotein A. The results of the present study suggested that increased and regular consumption of soluble DF led to significant improvements in blood glucose levels, insulin resistance and metabolic profiles, without improving the secretory function of the islets of Langerhans, over a short-term intervention period in patients with DM2.

Dietary Fiber Intake Regulates Intestinal Microflora and Inhibits Ovalbumin-Induced Allergic Airway Inflammation in a Mouse Model

Background

Recently, academic studies suggest that global growth of airway allergic disease has a close association with dietary changes including reduced consumption of fiber. Therefore, appropriate dietary fiber supplementation might be potential to prevent airway allergic disease (AAD).

Objective

We investigated whether dietary fiber intake suppressed the induction of AAD and tried to elucidate the possible underlying mechanisms.

Methods

The control mice and AAD model mice fed with 4% standard-fiber chow, while low-fiber group of mice fed with a 1.75% low-fiber chow. The two fiber-intervened groups including mice, apart from a standard-fiber diet, were also intragastric (i.g.) administrated daily with poorly fermentable cellulose or readily fermentable pectin (0.4% of daily body weight), respectively. All animals except normal mice were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin (OVA) to induce airway allergic inflammation. Hallmarks of AAD were examined by histological analysis and ELISA. The variation in intestinal bacterial composition was assessed by qualitative analysis of 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) content in fecal samples using real-time PCR.

Results

Low-fiber diet aggravated inflammatory response in ovalbumin-induced allergic mice, whereas dietary fiber intake significantly suppressed the allergic responses, attenuated allergic symptoms of nasal rubbing and sneezing, decreased the pathology of eosinophil infiltration and goblet cell metaplasia in the nasal mucosa and lung, inhibited serum OVA-specific IgE levels, and lowered the levels of Th2 cytokines in NALF and BALF, but, increased Th1 (IFN-γ) cytokines. Additionally, dietary fiber intake also increased the proportion of Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria, and decreased Firmicutes and Proteobacteria. Levels of probiotic bacteria, such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, were upgraded significantly.

Conclusion

Long-term deficiency of dietary fiber intake increases the susceptibility to AAD, whereas proper fiber supplementation promotes effectively the balance of Th1/Th2 immunity and then attenuates allergic inflammatory responses significantly, as well as optimizes the structure of intestinal microbiota, which suggests potential for novel preventive and therapeutic intervention.

Dislipidemia autorreferida na região Centro-Oeste do Brasil: prevalência e fatores associados

As dislipidemias são fatores de risco para a doença aterosclerótica e seu controle poderá reduzir a morbidade hospitalar e a mortalidade por doença arterial coronariana. O objetivo do artigo é estimar a prevalência de dislipidemias e identificar fatores associados. Estudo de corte transversal de base populacional com dados individuais do Sistema de Vigilância de Fatores de Risco e Proteção para Doenças Crônicas por Inquérito Telefônico (VIGITEL). Foram incluídos 7.975 indivíduos de ambos os sexos, com idade ≥ 18 anos, residentes nas capitais dos estados da Região Centro-Oeste do Brasil, no ano de 2009. As associações foram estimadas por meio da regressão de Poisson. A prevalência de dislipidemia foi de 15%, crescente com a idade (p = < 0,01) e não diferiu significativamente quanto ao sexo. Após ajustes, as variáveis que se associaram diretamente com o desfecho foram: sobrepeso (p = < 0,01), obesidade (p = < 0,01) e a autoavaliação do estado de saúde ruim (p = < 0,01). O consumo regular de feijão (≥ 5 dias/semana) associou-se inversamente com a prevalência de dislipidemias (p = < 0,01). A prevalência de dislipidemia na Região Centro-Oeste foi crescente com a idade e associada ao consumo de feijão, excesso de peso (sobrepeso e obesidade) e autoavaliação do estado de saúde ruim.

Elaboração de farofa de grãos, sementes oleaginosas e castanha de caju: composição de fibras, ácidos graxos e aceitação

O trabalho objetivou a elaboração de farofa salgada, composta de sementes oleaginosas e castanha de caju, bem como a avaliação de seus atributos nutricionais, comparando-os às recomendações atuais de ingestão e sua aceitação sensorial. As matérias-primas utilizadas na elaboração da farofa foram: gergelim, linhaça dourada, girassol, soja tostada, aveia, flocos de milho, gérmen de trigo, castanha de caju, farinha de milho, óleo de girassol, tempero desidratado e sal. A análise sensorial foi realizada por 120 avaliadores, voluntários, não treinados, de ambos os sexos, frequentadores do campus. A análise físico-química foi realizada considerando teores de fibra alimentar total, solúvel, insolúvel; ácidos graxos; gorduras saturadas, monoinsaturadas, poli-insaturadas, trans; índice de peróxidos e estabilidade oxidativa. Quanto à fibra total, a porção de 30 g apresentou 11% dos valores diários recomendados; ácidos graxos ω-6 e ω-3, com proporção de 5:1, razão adequada segundo as recomendações da Organização Mundial de Saúde; ácido graxo oleico representou 15 g da composição lipídica do produto. Quanto à estabilidade, a farofa mostrou-se estável pelo método Rancimat e índice de peróxido aceitável pela legislação brasileira. Apresentou excelente aceitação entre os avaliadores, com 98% de aprovação e 89% de intenção de compra.