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HCV-HIV Chronic Coinfection Prevalence in Amazon Region. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11247284. [PMID: 36555906 PMCID: PMC9785546 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11247284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is an important public health problem, especially in areas with a low human development index such as the Amazon region. This study aimed to identify the prevalence and genotypes of HCV among people living with HIV (PLWH), both neglected chronic diseases in the Amazon region. From March 2016 to June 2017, 433 PWLH were attended to at two sexually transmitted infection referral centers in the city of Belém, in the Brazilian state of Pará in the Amazon region. All individuals were submitted to testing via the rapid immunochromatographic assay (RIA) for the qualitative detection of anti-HCV antibodies. Samples with anti-HCV antibodies were evaluated by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and samples with HCV RNA were subjected to nucleotide sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Three (0.7%) PLWH had anti-HCV antibodies, and only one (0.2%) had HCV RNA (genotype 2); of these, 31 (7.1%) self-declared to have used drugs at least one time, and 12 (2.7%) regularly use injected drugs. One participant was elderly, single, heterosexual, with a history of unprotected sex and multiple sexual partners. This study detected a low prevalence of HCV infection and recorded the presence of HCV genotype 2 for the first time among PLWH in the Brazilian Amazon.
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Castro GLCD, Amoras EDGS, Araújo MSMD, Conde SRSDS, Vallinoto ACR. Hepatitis C virus genotypes and associated risk factors in the state of Pará, Northern Brazil. Braz J Infect Dis 2020; 24:304-309. [PMID: 32735876 PMCID: PMC9392123 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjid.2020.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Despite the emergence of more effective therapies, hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection remains a serious public health problem at the global level. Currently, this virus is classified into seven genotypes and 67 subgenotypes, which in turn are distributed heterogeneously in Brazil and worldwide. Studies have shown that this genetic divergence results in differences in the progression of chronic disease associated with HCV infection and its treatment. Objective The aim of this study was to report the frequency of HCV genotypes in the state of Pará, Northern Brazil, and to assess the association between genotype and different clinical and laboratory characteristics, as well as risk factors for infection. Method Data from 85 medical records of untreated patients who had chronic hepatitis C infection were analyzed; the patients were evaluated at two hospitals in Belem, Pará, Brazil. Results Circulation of genotypes 1 and 3 was detected, with a higher prevalence of genotype 1 (75.3%) than genotype 3 (24.7%). In addition, there was a predominance of subgenotype 1b (60.34%) compared to 1a (20.69%) and 3a (18.97%). Reuse of needles and/or glass syringes was significantly associated with infection by HCV genotype 1 than genotype 3; however, the small number of patients infected with genotype 3 may have biased the results. No associations between genotype and the evaluated clinical and laboratory characteristics were observed. Conclusion This study reinforces the differences in the distribution of HCV genotypes in Brazil and showed no association between HCV genotype and progression of chronic hepatitis C in the studied group.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Simone Regina Souza da Silva Conde
- Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Institute of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Belem, PA, Brazil; João de Barros Barreto University Hospital, Belem, PA, Brazil
| | - Antonio Carlos R Vallinoto
- Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Biological Sciences Institute, Virology Laboratory, Belem, PA, Brazil.
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Hepatitis C Virus among Female Sex Workers: A Cross-Sectional Study Conducted along Rivers and Highways in the Amazon Region. Pathogens 2019; 8:pathogens8040236. [PMID: 31739623 PMCID: PMC6963267 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens8040236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Previous studies found a high prevalence of pathogens among female sex workers (FSWs) in the Amazon region, and established their parenteral and sexual transmission. This study estimated the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and associated risk factors, and the frequency of HCV genotypes and resistance-associated substitutions (RASs) in this vulnerable group. Methods: Distinct sampling methods were used to access 412 FSWs in cities and riverside communities in the Amazon region from 2015 to 2018. Three methods for HCV diagnosis were used to determine infection status. HCV genotypes and RASs were identified by sequencing and nucleotide fragment analysis. An association between HCV infection and exposure factors was determined by bivariate and multivariate analysis. Results: In total, 44 (10.7%) FSWs were exposed to HCV, and 32 (7.8%) of them had active infection. Nine socioeconomic characteristics and risky sexual behaviors were associated with HCV exposure, particularly unprotected sex and condom exemption for the clients who paid extra money. Genotype 1 (81.3%) and 3 (18.7%) were detected. The frequency of FSWs with RASs was 23.1% (6/26) for grazoprevir related to the occurrence of substitutions Y56F and S122G. Conclusions: HCV infection among FSWs is highly prevalent and dominated by genotype I. Urgent preventive and treatment measures are required to reduce HCV infection in FSWs and the general population.
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Oliveira-Filho AB, Santos FJA, Silva FQ, Raiol NC, Costa CCS, Piauiense JNF, Martins LC, Cardoso YMN, Di Miceli JFF, Resque RL, Silva-Oliveira GC, Pinheiro LML, Machado LFA, Pinho JRR, Lemos JAR, Kupek E, Fischer B. Hepatitis C virus infection status and associated factors among a multi-site sample of people who used illicit drugs in the Amazon region. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:634. [PMID: 31315569 PMCID: PMC6637600 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-4270-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated rates of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection have been reported in epidemiological studies with people who used illicit drugs (PWUIDs) in different Brazilian regions. In Brazil's Amazon region, studies have already identified the common use of illicit drugs among adolescents and the high prevalence of HCV infections among PWUIDs. However, all studies done with PWUIDs were conducted with small samples and within limited geographic coverage. This study determined the prevalence and risk factors for HCV infection in PWUIDs in the Amazon region, northern Brazil, as well as estimating the prevalence and factors associated with the HCV spontaneous clearance (HSC). METHODS This cross-sectional study accessed 1666 PWUIDs from multiple municipalities of the Amazon region. Socio-demographic, economic, drug use and health-related information were collected through interviews. Blood samples collected were tested for the presence of anti-HCV antibodies and RNA-HCV. HCV genotypes were identified by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Logistic regressions were run to identify factors independently associated with HCV infection status and HSC. RESULTS In total, 577 (34.6%) featured HCV antibodies, of which 384 (23.1%) had active HCV infection and 193 (11.6%) indicated HSC. Genotypes 1 (80.2%) and 3 (18.8%) were detected. HCV infection status was associated with the length of illicit drug use history, factors related to parenteral and sexual transmission, and factors of socio-economic marginalization leading to potential risk activities for HCV. HSC was associated with the ethnic (including indigenous) background of participants. CONCLUSIONS High levels of HCV infection were detected in PWUIDs. Genotype 1 was predominant. Intense use of illicit drugs, unprotected sexual intercourse, high number of sexual partners and social marginalization were associated with all HCV infection. HSC was associated with origin (Amazonian-born) and non-white (e.g., Black or Indigenous) of PWUIDs. These findings emphasize the need for improve HCV prevention and control services and care for PWUIDs in the Brazilian Amazon region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldemir B. Oliveira-Filho
- Laboratório de Células e Patógenos, Grupo de Estudo e Pesquisa em Populações Vulneráveis (GEPPOV), Instituto de Estudos Costeiros, Campus de Bragança, Universidade Federal do Pará, Alameda Leandro Ribeiro, s/n. Aldeia, Bragança, PA Brazil
| | - Francisco Junior A. Santos
- Laboratório de Células e Patógenos, Grupo de Estudo e Pesquisa em Populações Vulneráveis (GEPPOV), Instituto de Estudos Costeiros, Campus de Bragança, Universidade Federal do Pará, Alameda Leandro Ribeiro, s/n. Aldeia, Bragança, PA Brazil
| | - Fabricio Quaresma Silva
- Laboratório de Células e Patógenos, Grupo de Estudo e Pesquisa em Populações Vulneráveis (GEPPOV), Instituto de Estudos Costeiros, Campus de Bragança, Universidade Federal do Pará, Alameda Leandro Ribeiro, s/n. Aldeia, Bragança, PA Brazil
| | - Nairis Costa Raiol
- Laboratório de Células e Patógenos, Grupo de Estudo e Pesquisa em Populações Vulneráveis (GEPPOV), Instituto de Estudos Costeiros, Campus de Bragança, Universidade Federal do Pará, Alameda Leandro Ribeiro, s/n. Aldeia, Bragança, PA Brazil
| | - Camila Carla S. Costa
- Laboratório de Células e Patógenos, Grupo de Estudo e Pesquisa em Populações Vulneráveis (GEPPOV), Instituto de Estudos Costeiros, Campus de Bragança, Universidade Federal do Pará, Alameda Leandro Ribeiro, s/n. Aldeia, Bragança, PA Brazil
- Laboratório de Patologia Clínica de Doenças Tropicais, Núcleo de Medicina Tropical, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA Brazil
| | - Juliana Nadia F. Piauiense
- Laboratório de Células e Patógenos, Grupo de Estudo e Pesquisa em Populações Vulneráveis (GEPPOV), Instituto de Estudos Costeiros, Campus de Bragança, Universidade Federal do Pará, Alameda Leandro Ribeiro, s/n. Aldeia, Bragança, PA Brazil
- Laboratório de Patologia Clínica de Doenças Tropicais, Núcleo de Medicina Tropical, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA Brazil
| | - Luisa Caricio Martins
- Laboratório de Patologia Clínica de Doenças Tropicais, Núcleo de Medicina Tropical, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA Brazil
| | - Yasmin Maria N. Cardoso
- Laboratório de Toxicologia e Química Farmacêutica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Macapá, AP Brazil
| | - Jeruza Ferraz F. Di Miceli
- Laboratório de Toxicologia e Química Farmacêutica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Macapá, AP Brazil
| | - Rafael Lima Resque
- Laboratório de Toxicologia e Química Farmacêutica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Macapá, AP Brazil
| | - Gláucia C. Silva-Oliveira
- Laboratório de Células e Patógenos, Grupo de Estudo e Pesquisa em Populações Vulneráveis (GEPPOV), Instituto de Estudos Costeiros, Campus de Bragança, Universidade Federal do Pará, Alameda Leandro Ribeiro, s/n. Aldeia, Bragança, PA Brazil
| | - Luiz Marcelo L. Pinheiro
- Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas, Campus do Marajó – Soure, Universidade Federal do Pará, Soure, PA Brazil
| | - Luiz Fernando A. Machado
- Laboratório de Virologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA Brazil
| | - João Renato R. Pinho
- Laboratório de Gastroenterologia e Hepatologia, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - José Alexandre R. Lemos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Profissional em Análises Clínicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA Brazil
| | - Emil Kupek
- Departamento de Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC Brazil
| | - Benedikt Fischer
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Grafton, AK New Zealand
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Guimarães VDS, Melo TGD, Ferreira RDCD, Almeida SFD, Martins LC. Prevalence of hepatitis C virus genotypes in the State of Pará, Brazil. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2018; 51:508-512. [DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0457-2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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Hepatitis C virus infection among illicit drug users in an archipelago of the Amazon. Arch Virol 2017; 163:617-622. [PMID: 29164400 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-017-3656-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection causes acute and chronic liver disease and may lead to cirrhosis, liver failure or hepatocellular carcinoma. The behavior of illicit drug users (DUs) typically exposes them to risks of viral infection. In the Brazilian Amazon region, a number of studies have identified high rates of drug use among adolescents, and a high prevalence of HBV infection in DUs, disseminated by sexual and parenteral activities. However, the epidemiological scenario of HCV infection in the region is still poorly understood. This study determined the prevalence, genotypes, and risk factors for HCV infection among DUs of the Marajó Archipelago. This cross-sectional study collected samples and epidemiological information from DUs in 11 municipalities. The diagnosis was established by EIA and real-time PCR, and the samples were genotyped by multiplex real time PCR. The data were analyzed by simple and multiple logistical regression. In 466 DUs, 28.3% had anti-HCV antibodies, and 25.5% had HCV-RNA. In 92 injecting drug users, 88.0% had anti-HCV antibodies, and 80.4% had HCV-RNA. Genotypes 1 and 3 were detected, with three cases of mixed infections. The multivariate analysis indicated associations of HCV infection with age (≥ 35 years), tattoos, intravenous drug use, shared use of injection equipment, and the daily and long-term (> 3 years) use of illicit drugs. These findings will contribute to the development of effective measures for the prevention of HCV infection among Brazilian DUs, as well as its general population.
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Robaeys G, Bielen R, Azar DG, Razavi H, Nevens F. Global genotype distribution of hepatitis C viral infection among people who inject drugs. J Hepatol 2016; 65:1094-1103. [PMID: 27520879 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2016.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Hepatitis C viral infection (HCV) after injection drug use is very prevalent. The kind of genotype determines the response to treatment. However, no systematic review update on the global genotype distribution of HCV in people who inject drugs (PWID) is currently available. METHODS A systematic review was performed by using the keywords: Genotype, Hepatitis C, Injection drug user/Intravenous drug user/Substance user/ PWID, Name of countries in Pubmed, Embase and PsycINFO. The results were compared with the review of Gower et al. in 2014, concerning the distribution of HCV genotypes in the general HCV population. RESULTS Using these keywords, 132 studies in 48 countries (from 1995 to 2015) were collected. After grading these results, the data of 48 studies were used to determine the distribution of genotypes in PWID. Genotype 1 is the most prevalent genotype all over the world in PWID. In Europe, genotypes 1, 3 and 4 are highly prevalent. In North and South America and in Australia genotype 1 and 3 are most prevalent. In Asia genotype 2 and 6, and Africa genotype 1a and 4 are mostly observed. Overall, the most important differences comparing with the general population are a lower prevalence of genotype 1b in the PWID population and higher prevalence of genotype 1a and 3. CONCLUSIONS There is a different prevalence of genotype distribution in PWID than in the general population. Genotype 3 is especially highly prevalent in the Western countries. LAY SUMMARY Hepatitis C viral infection after injection drug use is very prevalent. The most important genotype causing HCV infection in PWID globally is genotype 1, as is the case in the general population, but also genotype 3 is highly prevalent in PWID. Genotype 4 is most prevalent in Africa, spreading into Europe, whereas genotype 2 and 6 are more located in Asia. The most important difference comparing to the general population are generally lower prevalence of genotype 1b, and higher prevalence of genotype 1a and 3 in PWID. As the genotype nowadays still determines the treatment, and as there is a different genotype distribution than in the general population, it is important to identify the genotype also in PWID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geert Robaeys
- Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Dept. of Gastro-enterology and Hepatology, Schiepse Bos 6, 3600 Genk, Belgium; Hasselt University, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Martelarenlaan 42, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium; KULeuven, Dept. of Gastro-enterology and Hepatology, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rob Bielen
- Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Dept. of Gastro-enterology and Hepatology, Schiepse Bos 6, 3600 Genk, Belgium; Hasselt University, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Martelarenlaan 42, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium.
| | - Darush Ghezel Azar
- Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Dept. of Gastro-enterology and Hepatology, Schiepse Bos 6, 3600 Genk, Belgium; KULeuven, Dept. of Gastro-enterology and Hepatology, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Homie Razavi
- Center for Disease Analysis, 1120 W South Boulder Road, Suite 102, Louisville, CO 80026, USA
| | - Frederik Nevens
- KULeuven, Dept. of Gastro-enterology and Hepatology, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Valois RC, Maradei-Pereira LMC, Crescente JÂB, Oliveira-Filho ABD, Lemos JAR. HCV infection through perforating and cutting material among candidates for blood donation in Belém, Brazilian Amazon. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2015; 56:511-5. [PMID: 25351546 PMCID: PMC4296872 DOI: 10.1590/s0036-46652014000600010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated epidemiological factors for HCV infection
associated with sharing perforating and cutting instruments among candidates for
blood donation (CBD) in the city of Belém, Pará, Brazilian
Amazon. Two definitions of HCV infection cases were used: anti-HCV positivity
shown by EIA, and HCV-RNA detection by PCR. Infected and uninfected CBD
completed a questionnaire about possible risk factors associated with sharing
perforating and cutting instruments. The information was evaluated using simple
and multiple logistic regressions. Between May and November 2010, 146
(1.1%) persons with anti-HCV antibodies and 106
(0.8%) with HCV-RNA were detected among 13,772 CBD in Belém.
Risk factors associated with HCV infection based on the EIA (model 1)
and PCR (model 2) results were: use of needles and syringes sterilized
at home; shared use of razors at home, sharing of disposable razors in
barbershops, beauty salons etc.; and sharing manicure and pedicure material. The
models of HCV infection associated with sharing perforating and cutting
instruments should be taken into account by local and regional health
authorities and by those of other countries with similar cultural practices, in
order to provide useful information to guide political and public strategies to
control HCV transmission.
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Pacheco SDB, Silva-Oliveira GC, Maradei-Pereira LMC, Crescente JÂB, Lemos JARD, Oliveira-Filho ABD. Prevalence of HCV infection and associated factors among illicit drug users in Breves, State of Pará, northern Brazil. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2014; 47:367-70. [DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0153-2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Oliveira-Filho AB, Sawada L, Pinto LC, Locks D, Bahia SL, Castro JAA, Hermes RB, Brasil-Costa I, Amaral CEM, Lemos JAR. Epidemiological aspects of HCV infection in non-injecting drug users in the Brazilian state of Pará, eastern Amazon. Virol J 2014; 11:38. [PMID: 24564954 PMCID: PMC4077103 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-11-38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, sharing of drug paraphernalia is the main form of HCV transmission worldwide. In South America, consistent findings indicate that shared sniffing equipment is an important factor in the spread of HCV among non-injecting drug users. Epidemiological data on the status of HCV infection in illicit drug users in the Amazon region are scarce, although reports of clinical cases of hepatitis or pathologies associated with HCV infection in other population groups are numerous. Thereby, this study investigated the prevalence, genotype frequency, and epidemiological factors associated with HCV infection in non-injecting drug users in the state of Pará, eastern Amazon. RESULTS During 2008-2011, 300 non-injecting drug users attending drug-treatment centers participated in this study. Most non-injecting drug users were male (63.7%). The mean age was 32.5 years. The non-injecting drugs most consumed were: cannabis (15.6%), cocaine paste (21.3%), and oxi cocaine (25.7%). Tobacco (60.9%) and alcohol (79.4%) were also commonly consumed. One hundred six (35.1%; CI 95%: 29.8 - 41.1) non-injecting drug users presented anti-HCV antibodies by EIA. The HCV-RNA prevalence was 28.0% (95% CI: 20.6 - 35.8). Genotypes 1 (76.9%) and 3 (23.1%) of HCV have been identified. A multivariate analysis demonstrated that HCV infection was independently associated with the following factors: "age (≥ 35 years)", "tattoos", "use of a needle or syringe sterilized at home", "shared use of drug paraphernalia", "uses drugs for more than 5 years", and "use of drugs everyday". CONCLUSIONS This study revealed a high prevalence of HCV infection in non-injecting drug users, and most infections are occasioned by genotype 1. Likely, HCV transmission is associated with the tattoos, the use of needle or syringe sterilized at home by people over the age of 35 years, and sharing, time and frequency of use of non-injecting drugs. These findings should serve as an incentive for the establishment of a program of Hepatitis C prevention and control by the local public-health authorities in order to develop effective policies and strategies for contain the spread of HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldemir B Oliveira-Filho
- Instituto de Estudos Costeiros, Campus de Bragança, Universidade Federal do Pará, Alameda Leandro Ribeiro, s/n. Aldeia, 68600-000 Bragança, Pará, Brazil
- Centro de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Leila Sawada
- Chiba Institute of Technology, Tsudanuma, Narashino-shi, Chiba, Japan
| | - Laine C Pinto
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Daiane Locks
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Santana L Bahia
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Jairo A A Castro
- Centro de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
- Instituto Evandro Chagas, Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil
| | - Renata B Hermes
- Centro de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Igor Brasil-Costa
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
- Instituto Evandro Chagas, Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil
| | - Carlos E M Amaral
- Centro de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - José Alexandre R Lemos
- Centro de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
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Fecury AA, Almeida MKCD, Santos KND, Freitas ADS, Dantas SDFL, Costa CAD, Crescente ÂB, Sousa RCMD, Brito EBD, Nassiri R, Lampe E, Martins LC. Association between histological findings, aminotransferase levels and viral genotype in chronic hepatitis C infection. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2014; 47:90-2. [PMID: 24553802 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0008-2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2012] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The genomic heterogeneity of hepatitis C virus (HCV) influences liver disorders. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of HCV genotypes and to investigate the influence of these genotypes on disease progression. METHODS Blood samples and liver biopsies were collected from HCV-seropositive patients for serological analysis, biochemical marker measurements, HCV genotyping and histopathological evaluation. RESULTS Hepatitis C virus-ribonucleic acid (HCV-RNA) was detected in 107 patients (90.6% with genotype 1 and 9.4% with genotype 3). Patients infected with genotype 1 exhibited higher mean necroinflammatory activity and fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS HCV genotype 1 was the most prevalent and was associated with greater liver dysfunction.
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Padovani JL, Corvino SM, Drexler JF, Silva GF, Pardini MIDMC, Grotto RMT. In vitro detection of hepatitis C virus in platelets from uninfected individuals exposed to the virus. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2013; 46:154-5. [PMID: 23559343 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-1627-2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite hepatocytes being the target cells of hepatitis C virus (HCV), viral ribonucleic acid RNA has been detected in other cells, including platelets, which have been described as carriers of the virus in the circulation of infected patients. Platelets do not express cluster differentiation 81 CD81, the main receptor for the virus in hepatocytes, although this receptor protein has been found in megakaryocytes. Still, it is not clear if HCV interacts with platelets directly or if this interaction is a consequence of its association with megakaryocytes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the interaction of HCV with platelets from non-infected individuals, after in vitro exposure to the virus. METHODS Platelets obtained from 50 blood donors not infected by HCV were incubated in vitro at 37°C for 48h with serum containing 100,000IU∕mL of genotype 1 HCV. After incubation, RNA extracted from the platelets was assayed for the presence of HCV by reverse transcription – polymerase chain reaction RT-PCR. RESULTS After incubation in the presence of virus, all samples of platelets showed HCV RNA. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrate that, in vitro, the virus interacts with platelets despite the absence of the receptor CD81, suggesting that other molecules could be involved in this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Lara Padovani
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular do Hemocentro de Botucatu, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista -UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brasil
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de Jesus Rodrigues de Freitas M, Fecury AA, de Almeida MKC, Freitas AS, de Souza Guimarães V, da Silva AM, da Costa YFF, da Costa RAA, Ferreira P, Martins LC. Prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection and genotypes in patient with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis. J Med Virol 2013; 85:1741-5. [DOI: 10.1002/jmv.23654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Amanda Alves Fecury
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology of Tropical Diseases; Federal University of Pará; Belém; Pará; Brazil
| | | | - Andrei Silva Freitas
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology of Tropical Diseases; Federal University of Pará; Belém; Pará; Brazil
| | | | - Andrea Marinho da Silva
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology of Tropical Diseases; Federal University of Pará; Belém; Pará; Brazil
| | | | | | - Patrícia Ferreira
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology of Tropical Diseases; Federal University of Pará; Belém; Pará; Brazil
| | - Luisa Caricio Martins
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology of Tropical Diseases; Federal University of Pará; Belém; Pará; Brazil
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14
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Oliveira-Filho AB, Sawada L, Pinto LC, Locks D, Bahia SL, Brasil-Costa I, Lemos JAR. HCV infection among cocaine users in the state of Pará, Brazilian Amazon. Arch Virol 2013; 158:1555-60. [PMID: 23408127 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-013-1627-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the prevalence, genotype frequency, and risk factors for HCV infection in 384 cocaine users were determined. One hundred twenty-four (32.3 %) cocaine users had anti-HCV antibodies and 120 (31.3 %) had HCV-RNA. Genotyping results indicated the predominance of genotypes 1 (73.3 %) and 3 (26.7 %). Multivariate analysis showed an association of HCV infection with tattoos, shared use of paraphernalia, daily cocaine use, and a long history of cocaine use. The epidemiological aspects of HCV infection among cocaine users presented here should serve as an incentive for the establishment of a program of hepatitis C prevention and control by the local public-health authorities in the Amazon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldemir B Oliveira-Filho
- Faculdade de Ciências Naturais, Campus do Marajó, Breves, Universidade Federal do Pará, Av. Anajás, s/n. Aeroporto, Breves, PA, Brazil.
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