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Vasconcelos SA, de Sousa RLT, Costa E, Diniz e Souza JP, Cavalcante D, da Silva ACL, de Mendonça IL, Mallet J, Teixeira CR, Werneck GL, Araújo-Pereira T, Pita-Pereira D, Britto C, Vilela ML, Gomes R. Characterisation of an area of coexistent visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis transmission in the State of Piauí, Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2024; 119:e230181. [PMID: 38324880 PMCID: PMC10841424 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760230181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Brazil, transmission of visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis has expanded geographically over the last decades, with both clinical forms occurring simultaneously in the same area. OBJECTIVES This study characterised the clinical, spatial, and temporal distribution, and performed entomological surveillance and natural infection analysis of a leishmaniasis-endemic area. METHODS In order to characterise the risk of leishmaniasis transmission in Altos, Piauí, we described the clinical and socio-demographic variables and the spatial and temporal distribution of cases of American visceral leishmaniasis (AVL) and American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) cases and identified potential phlebotomine vectors. FINDINGS The urban area concentrated almost 54% of ACL and 86.8% of AVL cases. The temporal and spatial distribution of AVL and ACL cases in Altos show a reduction in the number of risk areas, but the presence of permanent disease transmission foci is observed especially in the urban area. 3,808 phlebotomine specimens were captured, with Lutzomyia longipalpis as the most frequent species (98.45%). Of the 35 females assessed for natural infection, one specimen of Lu. longipalpis tested positive for the presence of Leishmania infantum and Leishmania braziliensis DNA. MAIN CONCLUSION Our results indicate the presence of risk areas for ACL and AVL in the municipality of Altos and highlight the importance of entomological surveillance to further understand a possible role of Lu. longipalpis in ACL transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Alcântara Vasconcelos
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Escritório Técnico Regional, Teresina, PI, Brasil
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Raimundo Leoberto Torres de Sousa
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Escritório Técnico Regional, Teresina, PI, Brasil
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Enéas Costa
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Escritório Técnico Regional, Teresina, PI, Brasil
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | | | - Diane Cavalcante
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Patologia, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | | | | | - Jacenir Mallet
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório Interdisciplinar em Vigilância Entomológica em Diptera e Hemiptera, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | | | | | - Thais Araújo-Pereira
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Daniela Pita-Pereira
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
- Centro Universitário Lusíada, Santos, SP, Brasil
| | - Constança Britto
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Maurício Luiz Vilela
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório Interdisciplinar em Vigilância Entomológica em Diptera e Hemiptera, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Regis Gomes
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Escritório Técnico Regional, Eusébio, CE, Brasil
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Morelli LC, de Pita-Pereira D, Britto C, de Araújo-Pereira T, de Souza LAF, Germano KDO, de Andrade AJ, da Costa-Ribeiro MCV. Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum DNA detection in Nyssomyia neivai in Vale do Ribeira, Paraná, Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2024; 119:e230173. [PMID: 38324879 PMCID: PMC10836809 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760230173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) has increased in the Southern region of Brazil in recent years, especially in the State of Paraná. New species have been suggested with potential to act as vector in VL endemic areas. OBJECTIVES Identify the Leishmania species in sand fly specimens collected from 2016 to 2018 in the municipality of Itaperuçu, Vale do Ribeira, Paraná, Brazil. METHODS Light traps were used for collections and for the analysis of sand fly were used the multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methodology and subsequent sequencing. FINDINGS Among the collected specimens, 88.62% were attributed to the species Nyssomyia neivai, which were grouped into 176 pools. Three positive pools were detected: two with Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis and one with L. (Leishmania) infantum. The positivity rate for the parasite was 0.25% based on the presence of at least one infected insect in the pool. MAIN CONCLUSIONS The detection of L. infantum in Ny. neivai draws attention due to its abundance and anthropophily in the State of Paraná. Moreover, this finding is considered as an alert and suggests that the vector competence of Ny. neivai and the criteria for its incrimination should be carried out, given its wide distribution in southern of Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Cristina Morelli
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia, Parasitologia e Patologia, Laboratório de Parasitologia Molecular, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | - Daniela de Pita-Pereira
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
- Centro Universitário Lusíada, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Constança Britto
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Thais de Araújo-Pereira
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Lucas Alexandre Farias de Souza
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia, Parasitologia e Patologia, Laboratório de Parasitologia Molecular, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | - Kelly de Oliveira Germano
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia, Parasitologia e Patologia, Laboratório de Parasitologia Molecular, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | - Andrey José de Andrade
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia, Parasitologia e Patologia, Laboratório de Parasitologia Molecular, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | - Magda Clara Vieira da Costa-Ribeiro
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia, Parasitologia e Patologia, Laboratório de Parasitologia Molecular, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
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Belo VS, Bruhn FRP, Barbosa DS, Câmara DCP, Simões TC, Buzanovsky LP, Duarte AGS, de Melo SN, Cardoso DT, Donato LE, Maia-Elkhoury ANS, Werneck GL. Temporal patterns, spatial risks, and characteristics of tegumentary leishmaniasis in Brazil in the first twenty years of the 21st Century. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0011405. [PMID: 37285388 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tegumentary leishmaniasis (TL) is a significant public health issue in Brazil. The present ecological study describes the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of TL cases reported in the country, and analyzes the spatial and temporal patterns of the incidences and risks of occurrence across the five geopolitical regions and 27 federative units. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Data regarding new cases of TL notified between 2001 and 2020 were obtained from the Information System for Notifiable Diseases of the Brazilian Ministry of Health. Joinpoint and spatial and temporal generalized additive models were used to establish trends in the evolution of TL during the target period. The incidence rate for the entire period was 226.41 cases/100,000 inhabitants. All regions of Brazil showed trends of decreasing incidence rates, albeit with fluctuations at specific times, with the exception of the Southeast where rates have increased since 2014, most particularly in Minas Gerais state. The disease was concentrated predominantly in the North region, with Acre state leading the incidence rank in the whole country, followed by Mato Grosso (Midwest), Maranhão and Bahia (Northeast) states. The spatial distribution of the risk of TL occurrence in relation to the annual averages was relatively stable throughout the period. The cutaneous form of TL was predominant and cases most frequently occurred in rural areas and among men of working age. The ages of individuals contracting TL tended to increase during the time series. Finally, the proportion of confirmations by laboratory tests was lower in the Northeast. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE TL shows a declining trend in Brazil, but its widespread occurrence and the presence of areas with increasing incidence rates demonstrate the persistent relevance of this disease and the need for constant monitoring. Our findings reinforce the importance of temporal and spatial tools in epidemiologic surveillance routines and are valuable for targeting preventive and control actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinícius Silva Belo
- Campus Centro-Oeste Dona Lindu, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fábio Raphael Pascoti Bruhn
- Departamento de Veterinária Preventiva, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - David Soeiro Barbosa
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Daniel Cardoso Portela Câmara
- Laboratório de Imunologia Viral, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Taynãna César Simões
- Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lia Puppim Buzanovsky
- Centro Pan-Americano de Febre Aftosa, Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Anna Gabryela Sousa Duarte
- Campus Centro-Oeste Dona Lindu, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Saulo Nascimento de Melo
- Campus Centro-Oeste Dona Lindu, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Diogo Tavares Cardoso
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | - Guilherme Loureiro Werneck
- Departamento de Epidemiologia, Instituto de Medicina Social, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto de Estudos em Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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de Sousa RLT, Araujo-Pereira TD, Leal ARDS, Freire SM, Silva CLM, Mallet JRDS, Vilela ML, Vasconcelos SA, Gomes R, Teixeira C, Britto C, Pita Pereira DD, Carvalho BMD. Association between the potential distribution of Lutzomyia longipalpis and Nyssomyia whitmani and leishmaniasis incidence in Piauí State, Brazil. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0011388. [PMID: 37276231 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leishmaniases are vector borne diseases caused by Leishmania spp. parasites transmitted by female sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae) whose geographic distribution is influenced by environmental factors. Among the main tools for studying the distribution of vector species, modeling techniques are used to analyze the influence of climatic and environmental factors on the distribution of these insects and their association with human cases of the disease. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Here, we used a multiscale ecological niche modeling approach to assess the environmental suitability of sandfly vectors of the etiological agents of Visceral (VL) and American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (ACL) in Piauí state, northeastern Brazil, and then evaluated their relationship with human disease incidence. For this, we obtained the geographic coordinates of the vector species Lutzomyia longipalpis and Nyssomyia whitmani through literature review, online databases and unpublished records. These data were used for the development of predictive models of the distribution of both sandflies species based on climatic and environmental variables. Finally, the environmental suitability for the presence of these vectors was compared with the incidence of both the diseases at the municipality level. The final models for each sandfly species showed good predictive powers with performance metric values of 0.889 for Lu. longipalpis and 0.776 for Ny. whitmani. The areas with greater environmental suitability for the presence of these species were concentrated in the central-north region of Piauí and coincide with the location of those municipalities presenting higher incidences of VL and ACL, situated in the central-north and extreme north of the state, respectively. The south and southeast regions of Piauí state have low incidence of these diseases and presented low environmental suitability for the presence of both vectors. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE We discuss how predictive modeling can guide entomological and epidemiological surveillances and recommend an increased supervision and control activities in Teresina (capital of the state of Piaui), Altos and Pedro II, in addition to other municipalities with similar social and environmental characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thais de Araujo-Pereira
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | | | - Simone Mousinho Freire
- Laboratório de Zoologia e Biologia Parasitária, Universidade Estadual do Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brasil
| | - Cleanto Luiz Maia Silva
- Laboratório de Zoologia e Biologia Parasitária, Universidade Estadual do Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brasil
| | - Jacenir Reis Dos Santos Mallet
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Vigilância Entomológica em Díptera e Hemíptera, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
- Escritório Regional Fiocruz-Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brasil
- Laboratório de Vigilância e Biodiversidade em Saúde, Universidade Iguaçu, Nova Iguaçu, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Mauricio Luiz Vilela
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Vigilância Entomológica em Díptera e Hemíptera, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | | | - Régis Gomes
- Departamento de Biotecnologia Fiocruz-Ceará, Eusébio, Ceará, Brasil
| | | | - Constança Britto
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Daniela de Pita Pereira
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Bruno Moreira de Carvalho
- Climate and Health Program, Earth Sciences Department, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
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da Silva BQ, Afonso MMDS, Freire LJM, de Santana ALF, Pereira-Colavite A, Rangel EF. Ecological Aspects of the Phlebotominae Fauna (Diptera: Psychodidae) among Forest Fragments and Built Areas in an Endemic Area of American Visceral Leishmaniasis in João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil. INSECTS 2022; 13:1156. [PMID: 36555066 PMCID: PMC9784549 DOI: 10.3390/insects13121156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Sand flies are dipterans of medical importance, as some species are vectors of American visceral leishmaniasis (AVL). The municipality of João Pessoa (Paraíba, northeastern Brazil), is an endemic region for AVL, having high rates of human and canine cases. The main objective was to evaluate the sand fly fauna among forest fragments and built areas, and its relationship with environmental conditions. HP light traps were placed in the studied areas from March 2019 to July 2021. A total of 2141 specimens of phlebotomines were captured, comprising nine genera and ten species. Temperature and humidity were significant and positive only in built areas. The diversity composition among forest fragments and built areas was different and the AVL vector, Lutzomyia longipalpis, was the most prevalent species in built areas. The study showed that the built areas present differences in their richness and diversity of sand flies in relation to forest fragments, concluding that the conservation of forest areas, even if urban fragments, favors the diversity of phlebotomine species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Queiroz da Silva
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Vigilância em Diptera e Hemmiptera, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/FIOCRUZ-RJ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Lucas José Macêdo Freire
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Vigilância em Diptera e Hemmiptera, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/FIOCRUZ-RJ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Antônio Luís Ferreira de Santana
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Vigilância em Diptera e Hemmiptera, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/FIOCRUZ-RJ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Alessandre Pereira-Colavite
- Laboratório de Entomologia, Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia, CCEN, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa 58052-900, PB, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth Ferreira Rangel
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Vigilância em Diptera e Hemmiptera, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/FIOCRUZ-RJ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
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Dutra-Rêgo F, Freire ML, Carvalho GMDL, Andrade-Filho JD. Revisiting the cave-dwelling sand flies (Diptera, Psychodidae, Phlebotominae) from Brazil: Diversity and potential role in the transmission of Leishmania Ross, 1903 (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae). MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 36:408-423. [PMID: 35582971 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Brazilian caves, one of the many tourist attractions of the country, may act as a shelter for insects, such as sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae), natural hosts of various microorganisms including parasites of the genus Leishmania Ross, 1903. In the last decades, with the increasing global need for sustainable development, ecotourism has emerged as one of the major activities in Brazil. However, the constant monitoring in environmentally protected areas is not often carried out, endangering visitors and professionals, especially due to the occurrence of zoonoses. Several sand fly species have already been recorded in Brazilian caves, drawing attention to the possibility of Leishmania transmission at this ecotope. Indeed, this current systematic review summarizes the fauna of cave-dwelling sand flies in Brazil, focusing on their biological behaviour and the occurrence of potential vectors of Leishmania parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Dutra-Rêgo
- Grupo de Estudo em Leishmanioses, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Mariana Lourenço Freire
- Pesquisa Clínica e Políticas Públicas em Doenças Infectoparasitárias, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Mayr de Lima Carvalho
- Grupo de Estudo em Leishmanioses, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - José Dilermando Andrade-Filho
- Grupo de Estudo em Leishmanioses, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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DEFINITION OF THE MAIN VECTOR OF CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS: ECOLOGY AND MAPPING IN ENDEMIC AREA OF NORTHEAST BRAZIL. Acta Trop 2022; 233:106572. [PMID: 35753387 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous leishmaniasis is endemic in Pernambuco. Aiming to determine the vector species of cutaneous leishmaniasis in an endemic area of the Northeast region of Brazil, this study aimed to use the spatial mapping of human cases of CL and correlate with ecological studies of the vectors in the municipality of Timbaúba, Pernambuco, Brazil. Individuals infected with CL were recruited through active search in their homes and clinically and serologically diagnosed during the period from 2018 to 2019. Sandflies were captured with CDC-type light traps in peridomiciliary environments and these were identified at the species level. Females were separated for DNA extraction and subsequent analysis by PCR. The points of collection of phlebotomes and the residences of individuals with lesions were marked with GPS. During the study period, 60 cases of CL were diagnosed. A higher concentration of CL cases was observed in proximity to Atlantic forest remnants confirmed by heat map. A total of 3,744 sandflies was captured and five distinct species were identified, with the predominance of Nyssomyia whitmani. From the females separated for the identification of Leishmania braziliensis DNA, a rate of 0.68% of infected sandflies was obtained. It was concluded that cutaneous leishmaniasis continues to be a rural feature of the area. And from this study, it is concluded that Ny. whitmani is the carrier species of CL in the municipality of Timbaúba, Pernambuco. This is due to abundance in catching, specialization of species and PCR positivity for Leishmania braziliensis.
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Costa TSD, Ferreira RMDA, Santos GS, Garcia Júnior MD, Pinto CB, Souto RNP. Entomological survey of phlebotominae sand flies (diptera: psychodidae) and vector species in the tegumentary leishmaniasis endemic area in eastern brazilian Amazon, Amapá state. BIOTA NEOTROPICA 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1676-0611-bn-2021-1263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract: American tegumentary leishmaniasis is an endemic that has increased considerably in recent decades in the Amazon region, sand flies are the vectors of the transmission of the protozoan that causes leishmaniasis, so the objective of this study was to carry out a survey of the diversity of species and the presence of Leishmania DNA in vectors circulating in three endemic counties for tegumentary leishmaniasis in the eastern Brazilian Amazon (Amapá state, Brazil). Using CDC light traps, a total of 10,773 specimens were collected between February 2019 and February 2020, representing 64 species in 15 genera. The vector specie Nyssomyia umbratilis Ward and Frahia, 1977 was the predominant species (13.20% of the total), being collected in all three counties, followed by Trichopygomyia trichopyga Floch & Abonnenc, 1945 (11.41%), Trichophoromyia ubiquitalis Mangabeira,1942 (9.47%) and Nyssomyia anduzei Rozeboom, 1942 (7.61%). For the identification of Leishmania DNA, 775 pools of unengorged females were used, of which 5 tested positive, 2 of Nyssomya umbratilis Ward & Fraiha,1977, 1 of Nyssomyia anduzei and 2 of Psychodopygus davisi Root,1934, demonstrating a natural total infection rate of 0.64%. This study increases the knowledge of vector diversity, as well as identifying Leishmania spp. in circulation in the eastern region of the Amazon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Silva da Costa
- Universidade Federal do Amapá, Brasil; Universidade Federal do Amapá (UNIFAP), Brasil
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Carvalho-Silva R, Ribeiro-da-Silva RC, Cruz LNPD, Oliveira MDSD, Amoedo PM, Rebêlo JMM, Guimarães-e-Silva AS, Pinheiro VCS. Predominance of Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis DNA in Lutzomyia longipalpis sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) from an endemic area for leishmaniasis in Northeastern Brazil. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2022; 64:e32. [PMID: 35544910 PMCID: PMC9084467 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-9946202264032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a serious public health concern in the Northeastern region of Brazil, where the sand fly fauna is well studied, although few species have been identified as competent vectors. The detection of Leishmania spp. parasites in wild-caught sand flies could help sanitary authorities draw strategies to avoid the transmission of the parasites and, therefore, the incidence of leishmaniases. We detected Leishmania DNA in wild-caught sand flies and correlated that data with aspects of sand fly ecology in the Caxias municipality, Maranhao State, Brazil. The sand flies were sampled in the peridomicile (open areas in the vicinity of human residences) and intradomicile (inside the residences) from July/2019 to March/2020. Leishmania DNA was detected in females, targeting a fragment of the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS1) from ribosomal DNA. Among the fourteen species of sand flies identified, five (Lutzomyia longipalpis, Nyssomyia whitmani, Evandromyia evandroi, Micropygomyia trinidadensis, and Micropygomyia quinquefer) harbored DNA of Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis. The most abundant species in rural (Ny. whitmani: 35.2% and Ev. evandroi: 32.4%) and urban areas (Lu. longipalpis: 89.8%) are the permissive vectors of L. (L.) amazonensis, especially Ny. whitmani, a known vector of causative agents of cutaneous leishmaniasis. Although Lu. longipalpis is the vector of L. (L.) infantum, which was not detected in this study, its permissiveness for the transmission of L. (L.) amazonensis has been reported. We suspect that visceral leishmaniasis and cutaneous leishmaniasis are caused by L. (L.) amazonensis, and the transmission may be occurring through Lu. longipalpis, at least in the urban area.
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Vieira VR, Aguiar GMD, Azevedo ACRD, Rangel EF, Guimarães AÉ. Biodiversity assessment of Phlebotomine (Diptera: Psychodidae) in an environmental impacted area in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2022; 64:e1. [PMID: 35137895 PMCID: PMC8815835 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-9946202264001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
From October 1994 to September 1996, in the municipality of Mangaratiba, Rio de Janeiro State, phlebotomines were captured on the walls of the houses by means of a manual suction tube and light traps, in the household, the peridomicile and in the forest. As it is an area undergoing a real expansion and an increment in the local tourism, with the purpose of assessing changes in the phlebotomine fauna caused by environmental changes in the region, new captures were made in the same location from October 2015 to September 2016, this time using only light traps. In the two phases of the study, a total of 6,681 phlebotomines were captured. The results indicated that Ny. intermedia and Mg. migonei are fully adapted to this anthropic environment, while Pi. fischeri was more abundant and eclectic, and was probably attracted to exercise hematophagy. Nyssomyia intermedia can be suggested as the main vector of the etiological agent of the American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis in the studied areas. Pintomyia fischeri can also transmit Leishmania braziliensis, both in the environment altered by human action, and in the wild environment. Phlebotomines were captured in greater numbers between 6 and 8 pm in the peridomicile and between 9 and 11 pm in the household. The highest densities of phlebotomines were recorded in December, January and February. Despite almost 20 years between the two studies in the municipality of Mangaratiba, there was no change in the profile of the phlebotomine fauna in general; however, there was a greater density of species of medical importance in areas that suffered environmental impacts.
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Jagadesh S, Combe M, Ginouvès M, Simon S, Prévot G, Couppié P, Nacher M, Gozlan RE. Spatial variations in Leishmaniasis: A biogeographic approach to mapping the distribution of Leishmania species. One Health 2021; 13:100307. [PMID: 34430698 PMCID: PMC8368019 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2021.100307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) is the most prevalent form of Leishmaniasis and is widely endemic in the Americas. Several species of Leishmania are responsible for CL, a severely neglected tropical disease and the treatment of CL vary according to the different species of Leishmania. We proposed to map the distribution of the Leishmania species reported in French Guiana (FG) using a biogeographic approach based on environmental predictors. We also measured species endemism i.e., the uniqueness of species to a defined geographic location. Our results show that the distribution patterns varied between Leishmania spp. and were spatially dependent on climatic covariates. The species distribution modelling of the eco-epidemiological spatial patterns of Leishmania spp. is the first to measure endemism based on bioclimatic factors in FG. The study also emphasizes the impact of tree cover loss and climate on the increasing distribution of L. (Viannia) braziliensis in the most anthropized regions. Detection of high-risk regions for the different between Leishmania spp. is essential for monitoring and active surveillance of the vector. As climate plays a major role in the spatial distribution of the vector and reservoir and the survival of the pathogen, climatic covariates should be included in the analysis and mapping of vector-borne diseases. This study underscores the significance of local land management and the urgency of considering the impact of climate change in the development of vector-borne disease management strategies at the global scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soushieta Jagadesh
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Mittelstrasse 43, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marine Combe
- ISEM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Marine Ginouvès
- Equipe TBIP Tropical Biome and Immunophysiopathology, Université de Guyane, 97300 Cayenne, French Guiana
- Centre National de Référence des Leishmanioses - Laboratoire Associé, Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon, 97304 Cayenne Cedex, French Guiana
| | - Stéphane Simon
- Equipe TBIP Tropical Biome and Immunophysiopathology, Université de Guyane, 97300 Cayenne, French Guiana
- Centre National de Référence des Leishmanioses - Laboratoire Associé, Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon, 97304 Cayenne Cedex, French Guiana
| | - Ghislaine Prévot
- Equipe TBIP Tropical Biome and Immunophysiopathology, Université de Guyane, 97300 Cayenne, French Guiana
- Univ. de Lille, CNRS, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR9017-CIIL Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Pierre Couppié
- Equipe TBIP Tropical Biome and Immunophysiopathology, Université de Guyane, 97300 Cayenne, French Guiana
- Univ. de Lille, CNRS, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR9017-CIIL Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
- Service de Dermatologie, Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon, 97304 Cayenne Cedex, French Guiana
| | - Mathieu Nacher
- Equipe TBIP Tropical Biome and Immunophysiopathology, Université de Guyane, 97300 Cayenne, French Guiana
- Univ. de Lille, CNRS, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR9017-CIIL Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
- Centre d'investigation Clinique (CIC Inserm 1424), Centre hospitalier Andrée Rosemon, 97304 Cayenne Cedex, French Guiana
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Tonelli GB, Andrade-Filho JD, Campos AM, Margonari C, Amaral AR, Volf P, Shaw EJ, Hamilton JGC. Examination of the interior of sand fly (Diptera: Psychodidae) abdomen reveals novel cuticular structures involved in pheromone release: Discovering the manifold. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009733. [PMID: 34932549 PMCID: PMC8730455 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The males of many species of New World Phlebotomines produce volatile terpenoid chemicals, shown in Lutzomyia longipalpis s.l. to be sex/aggregation pheromones. Pheromone is produced by secretory cells which surround a cuticular reservoir which collects the pheromone and passes it through a cuticular duct to the surface of the insect. The pheromone then passes through specialised cuticular structures on the abdominal surface prior to evaporation. The shape and distribution of the specialised structures are highly diverse and differ according to species. In this study we used SEM to examine the interior cuticular pheromone collection and transport structures of 3 members of the Lu. longipalpis s.l. species complex and Migonemyia migonei. We found a new structure which we have called the manifold which appears to be a substantial extension of the interior tergal cuticle connected in-line with the cuticular duct and reservoir. The manifold of the Campo Grande member of the complex is longer and wider than the Jacobina member whereas the manifold of the Sobral member was shorter than both other members of the complex. Overall, the secretory apparatus of the Sobral member was smaller than the other two. The manifold of M. migonei was very different to those found in Lu. longipalpis s.l. and was positioned in a pit-like structure within the tergal cuticle. The secretory reservoir was connected by a short duct to the manifold. Differences in the size and shape of the manifold may be related to the chemical structure of the pheromone and may have taxonomic value. Examination of the interior cuticle by SEM may help to locate the secretory apparatus of vector species where pheromonal activity has been inferred from behavioural studies but the external secretory structures or pheromones have not yet been found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel B. Tonelli
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Instituto René Rachou, FIOCRUZ Minas, Brasil
| | | | - Aldenise M. Campos
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Instituto René Rachou, FIOCRUZ Minas, Brasil
| | - Carina Margonari
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Instituto René Rachou, FIOCRUZ Minas, Brasil
| | - Amanda R. Amaral
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Instituto René Rachou, FIOCRUZ Minas, Brasil
| | - Petr Volf
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Elisabeth J. Shaw
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, School of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - James G. C. Hamilton
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, School of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
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Rodrigues BL, Costa GDS, Shimabukuro PHF. Identification of Bloodmeals from Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) Collected in the Parque Nacional do Viruá, State of Roraima, Brazil. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 58:2488-2494. [PMID: 33884431 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjab068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The transmission of pathogens that cause leishmaniases occurs by the bite of female sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in their vertebrate hosts, which makes the identification of their bloodmeal sources an important step for the control and epidemiology of these diseases. In Brazil, the state of Roraima has a great diversity of sand flies, vertebrate hosts, and protozoan Leishmania, but little is known about the host blood-feeding preferences of sand flies. Thus, we evaluated the bloodmeal sources of sand flies collected from their sylvatic habitats in Parque Nacional do Viruá, Roraima. Fieldwork was carried-out between 13th and 18th August 2019 using CDC light traps. Sand flies were slide-mounted and morphologically identified using the head and last segments of the abdomen. Engorged females had their DNA extracted, followed by amplification and sequencing of the cytochrome b (cytb) molecular marker for vertebrates. Sequences were analyzed and compared with those from GenBank using the BLASTn search tool, in addition to the reconstruction of a phylogenetic tree to demonstrate the clustering pattern of these sequences. A total of 1,209 sand flies were identified, comprising 20 species, in which the most abundant were Psychodopygus ayrozai (Barretto and Coutinho) (42.10%) and Psychodopygus chagasi (Costa Lima) (26.22%). Bloodmeal source identification was successfully performed for 34 sand flies, that confirm four vertebrate species, being the most abundant the armadillo Dasypus novemcinctus Linnaeus, 1758 (Cingulata: Dasypodidae).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Leite Rodrigues
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Instituto René Rachou - Fiocruz Minas, Av. Augusto de Lima, Barro Preto, Belo Horizonte - Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Glaucilene da Silva Costa
- Laboratório de Entomologia, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - Fiocruz Rondônia, Rua da Beira, Porto Velho - Rondônia, Brasil
| | - Paloma Helena Fernandes Shimabukuro
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Instituto René Rachou - Fiocruz Minas, Av. Augusto de Lima, Barro Preto, Belo Horizonte - Minas Gerais, Brasil
- Coleção de Flebotomíneos - FIOCRUZ/COLFLEB, Instituto René Rachou - Fiocruz Minas, Av. Augusto de Lima, Barro Preto, Belo Horizonte - Minas Gerais, Brasil
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14
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Brilhante AF, Lima L, de Ávila MM, Medeiros-Sousa AR, de Souza JF, dos Santos NP, de Paula MB, Godoy RE, Sábio PB, Cardoso CDO, Nunes VLB, Teixeira MMG, Galati EAB. Remarkable diversity, new records and Leishmania detection in the sand fly fauna of an area of high endemicity for cutaneous leishmaniasis in Acre state, Brazilian Amazonian Forest. Acta Trop 2021; 223:106103. [PMID: 34416187 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.106103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The species richness of Amazonian phlebotomines is considered to be one of the highest in the world. In the present study, we investigated the richness and diversity of phlebotomine fauna in Xapuri city, Acre state, Western Brazilian Amazonia, which is an area that is highly endemic for cutaneous leishmaniasis. Sand fly collections were performed monthly from August 2013 to July 2015 (288 h total of sampling effort) in intradomiciliary, peridomiciliary, and forested environments of two localities. Collected females were dissected, microscopically examined for flagellates in their guts, and preserved in ethanol. A total of 21,197 specimens comprising 14 genera and 57 species were collected, and the majority of these were Nyssomyia, Psychodopygus, and Trichophoromyia genera. Three new records of phlebotomine species for Acre are presented here, including Brumptomyia brumpti, Psathyromyia pradobarrientosi, and for the first time in Brazil, Th. omagua. In Xapuri, the phlebotomine fauna of different ecotopes was varied in regard to abundance, diversity, and frequency, and they included proven and permissive vectors of Leishmania spp. The fauna discovered in the forested areas (57 species) was richer and more diverse than was that (33 species) identified in the peri‑ and intra-domiciles. The identification of Leishmania subgenera that were present in sand fly guts according to SSU rRNA sequences revealed ten and three species harboring Leishmania of subgenera Viannia and Leishmania (most likely Leishmania amazonensis), respectively. The presence of Leishmania (Leishmania) in sand flies are reported here for the first time in Acre. The presence of L. (Viannia) spp. in Brumptomyia sp. and Lutzomyia sherlocki. and the occurrence of mixed infections with Leishmania of both subgenera in Ps. lainsoni have been reported for the first time in Brazil. Taken together, data from previous studies and from the present study highlight the remarkable complexity of phlebotomine fauna that is possibly due to the well-preserved Xapuri forested areas sustaining vital economic activities of plant extraction and ecological tourism. Our findings also provide new insights into the ongoing adaptation of Trichophoromyia and Psychodopygus species to human habitats.
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15
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Pereira LOR, Sousa CS, Ramos HCP, Torres-Santos EC, Pinheiro LS, Alves MR, Cuervo P, Romero GAS, Boité MC, Porrozzi R, Cupolillo E. Insights from Leishmania (Viannia) guyanensis in vitro behavior and intercellular communication. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:556. [PMID: 34711290 PMCID: PMC8554959 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-05057-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pentavalent antimonial-based chemotherapy is the first-line approach for leishmaniasis treatment and disease control. Nevertheless antimony-resistant parasites have been reported in some endemic regions. Treatment refractoriness is complex and is associated with patient- and parasite-related variables. Although amastigotes are the parasite stage in the vertebrate host and, thus, exposed to the drug, the stress caused by trivalent antimony in promastigotes has been shown to promote significant modification in expression of several genes involved in various biological processes, which will ultimately affect parasite behavior. Leishmania (Viannia) guyanensis is one of the main etiological agents in the Amazon Basin region, with a high relapse rate (approximately 25%). METHODS Herein, we conducted several in vitro analyses with L. (V.) guyanensis strains derived from cured and refractory patients after treatment with standardized antimonial therapeutic schemes, in addition to a drug-resistant in vitro-selected strain. Drug sensitivity assessed through Sb(III) half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) assays, growth patterns (with and without drug pressure) and metacyclic-like percentages were determined for all strains and compared to treatment outcomes. Finally, co-cultivation without intercellular contact was followed by parasitic density and Sb(III) IC50 measurements. RESULTS Poor treatment response was correlated with increased Sb(III) IC50 values. The decrease in drug sensitivity was associated with a reduced cell replication rate, increased in vitro growth ability, and higher metacyclic-like proportion. Additionally, in vitro co-cultivation assays demonstrated that intercellular communication enabled lower drug sensitivity and enhanced in vitro growth ability, regardless of direct cell contact. CONCLUSIONS Data concerning drug sensitivity in the Viannia subgenus are emerging, and L. (V.) guyanensis plays a pivotal epidemiological role in Latin America. Therefore, investigating the parasitic features potentially related to relapses is urgent. Altogether, the data presented here indicate that all tested strains of L. (V.) guyanensis displayed an association between treatment outcome and in vitro parameters, especially the drug sensitivity. Remarkably, sharing enhanced growth ability and decreased drug sensitivity, without intercellular communication, were demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza O R Pereira
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Leishmanioses, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Cíntia S Sousa
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Leishmanioses, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Hellen C P Ramos
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Leishmanioses, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Liliane S Pinheiro
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Tripanossomatídeos, IOC, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Instituto de Saúde e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Campus Coari, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Marcelo R Alves
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em DST-AIDS, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patricia Cuervo
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Leishmanioses, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Mariana C Boité
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Leishmanioses, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Renato Porrozzi
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Leishmanioses, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Elisa Cupolillo
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Leishmanioses, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Cova BO, Santos RF, Dias-Lima AG, Monte-Alegre AF, Schriefer A. Revisiting the Phlebotominae subfamily records in Bahia, Brazil. MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 35:400-407. [PMID: 33524182 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Brazil is one of the countries that concentrates 90% of all tegumentary and visceral leishmaniases cases and Bahia is one of the highly affected states. In the present report, we consolidated secondary data from several complementary databases that allowed us to record the sand fly species identified including areas of Leishmania spp. transmission in the state of Bahia. We then overlayed the geographical distribution data onto maps of vegetational aspects found across the state. Overall, 21 602 records of phlebotomine sand flies occurrence between 1949 and 2016 were analysed, encompassing 85% of Bahia's municipalities. Seventy-six sand fly species under 17 genera were enlisted. Among described species, 27 were proven or putative Leishmania spp. vectors and three were considered exclusively endemic in the state. Lutzomyia longipalpis, Nyssomyia intermedia and Nyssomyia whitmani were found in 74, 29 and 27% of municipalities, respectively. Salvador, the state capital and major city presented records for 21 different sand fly species, including known vectors for leishmaniasis. In particular, a wide distribution of Evandromyia sallesi was detected for this city. This consolidated account on phebotomine fauna and distribution may be explored for improving the planning and deployment of vector-focused leishmaniasis control measures in affected areas of Bahia.
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Affiliation(s)
- B O Cova
- Serviço de Imunologia, Hospital Universitário Professor Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - R F Santos
- Núcleo de Entomologia do Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública da Bahia (LACEN/BA), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - A G Dias-Lima
- Coleção Entomológica Mangabeira & Sherlock, Universidade do Estado da Bahia (UNEB), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - A F Monte-Alegre
- Laboratório de Insetos Hematófagos, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde (ICS), UFBA, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - A Schriefer
- Serviço de Imunologia, Hospital Universitário Professor Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia - Doenças Tropicais (INCT-DT), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Departamento de Ciências da Biointeração, ICS, UFBA, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
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Montes de Oca-Aguilar AC, Ibáñez-Bernal S, Rebollar-Téllez EA. First record of larval microhabitats of sandflies in Mexico with the description of the fourth instar larva of Brumptomyia hamata. MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 35:302-314. [PMID: 33249628 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Despite the medical importance of sandflies as vectors (Diptera: Phlebotominae) of Leishmania spp., immature stages of phlebotomine sandflies have never been found in the wild in Mexico. In the present investigation, we sought to identify specific microhabitats associated with the presence of sandfly immature stages. Field work was conducted in 11 localities of the Yucatan Peninsula and we collected soil samples from each site during two periods (November 2007 to April 2008, November 2008). Soil samples were transported to our base camp and were processed using the Berlese's funnels. We processed a total 242 soil samples with an average weight of 362 ± (SD) 317 gr. From these samples, we were able to recover 51 phlebotomine larvae in five different microhabitats and largest number was obtained from mammal burrows (88%) and from tree-buttresses of Brosimium alicastrum (Berg) (6%). We identified larval microhabitat for Brumptomyia hamata (Fairchild & Hertig) and those specimens provided the material to describe for the first time the fourth instar larva. We also include information of a larval microhabitat of Lutzomyia cruciata (Coquillett). In addition, we recorded a total of 4872 arthropods from 15 taxa in all those soil samples in which sandfly larvae were found, being Collembola (76%) and Acari (10%) the most abundant.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Montes de Oca-Aguilar
- Laboratorio de Inmunología del Centro de Investigaciones Regionales "Dr. Hideyo Noguchi", Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Mexico
| | - S Ibáñez-Bernal
- Instituto de Ecología, A.C., Red Ambiente y Sustentabilidad, Xalapa, Mexico
| | - E A Rebollar-Téllez
- Laboratorio de Entomología Médica, Departamento de Zoología de Invertebrados, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Av. Universidad S/N, Cd. Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza, Mexico
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18
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Becvar T, Vojtkova B, Siriyasatien P, Votypka J, Modry D, Jahn P, Bates P, Carpenter S, Volf P, Sadlova J. Experimental transmission of Leishmania (Mundinia) parasites by biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009654. [PMID: 34115806 PMCID: PMC8221790 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmania parasites, causative agents of leishmaniasis, are currently divided into four subgenera: Leishmania, Viannia, Sauroleishmania and Mundinia. The recently established subgenus Mundinia has a wide geographical distribution and contains five species, three of which have the potential to infect and cause disease in humans. While the other Leishmania subgenera are transmitted exclusively by phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae), natural vectors of Mundinia remain uncertain. This study investigates the potential of sand flies and biting midges of the genus Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) to transmit Leishmania parasites of the subgenus Mundinia. Sand flies (Phlebotomus argentipes, P. duboscqi and Lutzomyia migonei) and Culicoides biting midges (Culicoides sonorensis) were exposed to five Mundinia species through a chicken skin membrane and dissected at specific time intervals post bloodmeal. Potentially infected insects were also allowed to feed on ear pinnae of anaesthetized BALB/c mice and the presence of Leishmania DNA was subsequently confirmed in the mice using polymerase chain reaction analyses. In C. sonorensis, all Mundinia species tested were able to establish infection at a high rate, successfully colonize the stomodeal valve and produce a higher proportion of metacyclic forms than in sand flies. Subsequently, three parasite species, L. martiniquensis, L. orientalis and L. sp. from Ghana, were transmitted to the host mouse ear by C. sonorensis bite. In contrast, transmission experiments entirely failed with P. argentipes, although colonisation of the stomodeal valve was observed for L. orientalis and L. martiniquensis and metacyclic forms of L. orientalis were recorded. This laboratory-based transmission of Mundinia species highlights that Culicoides are potential vectors of members of this ancestral subgenus of Leishmania and we suggest further studies in endemic areas to confirm their role in the lifecycles of neglected pathogens. Leishmania parasites are causative agents of leishmaniasis, a disease affecting millions of humans worldwide. It is widely accepted that these flagellates are transmitted exclusively by phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Phlebotominae). Reservoir hosts and insect vectors for the newly established Leishmania subgenus Mundinia, however, remain poorly understood. Preliminary evidence from field-based studies discovered biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) that were naturally infected by L. (Mundinia) macropodum in Australia. This surprising finding led us to carry out a detailed laboratory study aimed at comparison of the development of all currently known species of the subgenus Mundinia in both putative vector families. We found that all five Mundinia species developed successfully in C. sonorensis and the successful transmission of three Mundinia species from infected insects to mice was demonstrated for the first time. This is the first detailed in vivo evidence that biting midges can act as competent vectors of Leishmania parasites of the subgenus Mundinia and has considerable epidemiological implications for control of these neglected pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Becvar
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Vojtkova
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Padet Siriyasatien
- Vector Biology and Vector Borne Disease Research Unit, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jan Votypka
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - David Modry
- Biology Centre, Institute of Parasitology, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Veterinary Sciences/CINeZ, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Jahn
- Equine Clinic, University of Veterinary Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Paul Bates
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Carpenter
- Entomology Group, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Petr Volf
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jovana Sadlova
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- * E-mail:
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Batista-Santos F, Dória DA, Sincurá YR, Rosário SS, Fujiwara RT, Barata RA. Eco-epidemiological Aspects of Visceral Leishmaniasis in the Municipality of Diamantina, Jequitinhonha Valley (Minas Gerais State, Brazil). THE YALE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2021; 94:209-215. [PMID: 34211342 PMCID: PMC8223551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Background: The present study was carried out in the rural and urban area of Diamantina/Minas Gerais (MG), an endemic municipality for visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in Brazil. Methods: Patient notification records, canine prevalence, and phlebotomine fauna were evaluated. Results: In the period from 2016 to 2018, eight human cases were confirmed, with three deaths, predominantly in males. In the same period, a total of 1,388 dogs resided in the rural and urban area of the municipality were submitted to the DPP® and ELISA, with a percentage of confirmed canine cases of 29.9% and 29.4%, respectively. The entomological study conducted in the municipality revealed the presence of 10 species of sand flies, with a predominance of Lutzomyia longipalpis (55.75%), mainly in the rural area. Conclusions: Unlike what is happening in urban centers, the results of this study suggest that the VL in Diamantina is in the process of urbanization, given the high percentage of confirmed canine cases and the high density of Lu. longipalpis in the rural area of the municipality. These risk factors warn about the need for continuous surveillance and the need to control actions of VL in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Batista-Santos
- Laboratório de Parasitologia, Universidade Federal dos
Vales dos Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Yrllan R. Sincurá
- Laboratório de Parasitologia, Universidade Federal dos
Vales dos Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo T. Fujiwara
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal
de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ricardo A. Barata
- Laboratório de Parasitologia, Universidade Federal dos
Vales dos Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
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Valdivia HO, Zorrilla VO, Espada LJ, Perez JG, Razuri HR, Vera H, Fernandez R, Tong C, Ghersi BM, Vasquez GM, Burrus RG, Lescano AG, Montgomery JM. Diversity, distribution and natural Leishmania infection of sand flies from communities along the Interoceanic Highway in the Southeastern Peruvian Amazon. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009000. [PMID: 33566811 PMCID: PMC7875382 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The Peruvian-Brazilian border is a highly endemic tegumentary leishmaniasis region in South America. The interoceanic highway is a commercial route that connects Peru and Brazil through Madre de Dios and has raised concerns about its impact on previously undisturbed areas. In order to assess leishmaniasis transmission risk along this highway, we conducted a surveillance study of the sand fly populations in this area. Sand flies were collected between 2009 and 2010 along transects at 200 m, 600 m and 1000 m from six study sites located along the highway (Iberia, La Novia, Alto Libertad, El Carmen, Florida Baja, Mazuko and Mavila) and an undisturbed area (Malinowski). Collected specimens were identified based on morphology and non-engorged females of each species were pooled and screened by kinetoplast PCR to detect natural Leishmania infections. A total of 9,023 specimens were collected belonging to 54 different Lutzomyia species including the first report of Lu. gantieri in Peru. Four species accounted for 50% of all specimens (Lutzomyia carrerai carrerai, Lu. davisi, Lu. shawi and Lu. richardwardi). El Carmen, Alto Libertad, Florida Baja and Malinowski presented higher Shannon diversity indexes (H = 2.36, 2.30, 2.17 and 2.13, respectively) than the most human disturbed sites of Mazuko and La Novia (H = 1.53 and 1.06, respectively). PCR detected 10 positive pools belonging to Lu. carrerai carrerai, Lu. yuilli yuilli, Lu. hirsuta hirsuta, Lu. (Trichophoromyia) spp., and Lu. (Lutzomyia) spp. Positive pools from 1,000 m transects had higher infectivity rates than those from 600 m and 200 m transects (9/169 = 5.3% vs 0/79 = 0% and 1/127 = 0.8%, p = 0.018). El Carmen, accounted for eight out of ten positives whereas one positive was collected in Florida Baja and Mazuko each. Our study has shown differences in sand fly diversity, abundance and species composition across and within sites. Multiple clustered Lutzomyia pools with natural Leishmania infection suggest a complex, diverse and spotty role in leishmaniasis transmission in Madre de Dios, with increased risk farther from the highway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo O. Valdivia
- Department of Parasitology, U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit 6, Lima, Peru
- * E-mail:
| | - Victor O. Zorrilla
- Department of Entomology, U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit 6, Lima, Peru
| | - Liz. J. Espada
- Department of Entomology, U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit 6, Lima, Peru
| | - Jocelyn G. Perez
- Department of Parasitology, U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit 6, Lima, Peru
| | - Hugo R. Razuri
- Department of Emerging Infections, U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit 6, Lima, Peru
| | - Hubert Vera
- Dirección Regional de Salud de Madre de Dios, Puerto Maldonado, Peru
| | - Roberto Fernandez
- Department of Entomology, U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit 6, Lima, Peru
| | - Carlos Tong
- Department of Entomology, U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit 6, Lima, Peru
| | - Bruno M. Ghersi
- Department of Emerging Infections, U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit 6, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Roxanne G. Burrus
- Department of Entomology, U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit 6, Lima, Peru
| | - Andres G. Lescano
- Emerge, Emerging Diseases and Climate Change Research Unit, and Clima, Latin American Center of Excellence for Climate Change and Health, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Joel M. Montgomery
- Department of Emerging Infections, U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit 6, Lima, Peru
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21
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Pinto JG, Marcolino LM, Ferreira-Strixino J. Photodynamic activity of Photogem ® in Leishmania promastigotes and infected macrophages. Future Microbiol 2021; 16:95-106. [PMID: 33459574 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2020-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of photodynamic therapy (PDT) with Photogem® in promastigotes of Leishmania braziliensis and Leishmania major, and in infected macrophages. Materials & methods: The following parameters were analyzed: Photogem® internalization, mitochondrial activity, viability, tubulin marking and morphological alterations in promastigotes and viability in infected macrophages. Results: Photogem® accumulated in the cytosol and adhered to the flagellum. Changes were observed in the mitochondrial activity in groups maintained in the dark, with no viability alteration. After PDT, viability decreased up to 80%, and morphology was affected. Conclusion: The results point out that PDT with Photogem® can reduce parasite and macrophage viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana G Pinto
- Photobiology Applied to Health, Research & Development Institute, Univap Universidade do Vale do Paraíba, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciana Mc Marcolino
- Photobiology Applied to Health, Research & Development Institute, Univap Universidade do Vale do Paraíba, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Ferreira-Strixino
- Photobiology Applied to Health, Research & Development Institute, Univap Universidade do Vale do Paraíba, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
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Pinheiro MPG, Silva-Inacio CL, Silva MMDM, Araújo PSFD, Ximenes MDFFDM. Potential vectors of Leishmania spp. in an Atlantic Forest conservation unit in northeastern Brazil under anthropic pressure. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:38. [PMID: 33430944 PMCID: PMC7798338 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04523-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phlebotomines are a group of insects which include vectors of the Leishmania parasites that cause visceral leishmaniasis (VL) and cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), diseases primarily affecting populations of low socioeconomic status. VL in Brazil is caused by Leishmania infantum, with transmission mainly attributed to Lutzomyia longipalpis, a species complex of sand fly, and is concentrated mainly in the northeastern part of the country. CL is distributed worldwide and occurs in five regions of Brazil, at a higher incidence in the north and northeast regions, with etiological agents, vectors, reservoirs and epidemiological patterns that differ from VL. The aim of this study was to determine the composition, distribution and ecological relationships of phlebotomine species in an Atlantic Forest conservation unit and nearby residential area in northeastern Brazil. METHODS Centers for Disease Control and Shannon traps were used for collections, the former at six points inside the forest and in the peridomestic environment of surrounding residences, three times per month for 36 months, and the latter in a forest area, once a month for 3 months. The phlebotomines identified were compared with climate data using simple linear correlation, Pearson's correlation coefficient and cross-correlation. The estimate of ecological parameters was calculated according to the Shannon-Wiener diversity index, standardized index of species abundance and the dominance index. RESULTS A total of 75,499 phlebotomines belonging to 11 species were captured in the CDC traps, the most abundant being Evandromyia walkeri, Psychodopygus wellcomei and Lu. longipalpis. Evandromyia walkeri abundance was most influenced by temperature at collection time and during the months preceding collection and rainfall during the months preceding collection. Psychodopygus wellcomei abundance was most affected by rainfall and relative humidity during the collection month and the month immediately preceding collection time. Lutzomyia longipalpis abundance showed a correlation with temperature and the rainfall during the months preceding collection time. The Shannon trap contained a total of 3914 phlebotomines from these different species. Psychodopygus wellcomei, accounting for 91.93% of the total, was anthropophilic and active mainly at night. CONCLUSIONS Most of the species collected in the traps were seasonal and exhibited changes in their composition and population dynamics associated with local adaptions. The presence of vectors Ps. wellcomei and Lu. longipalpis underscore the epidemiological importance of these phlebotomines in the conservation unit and surrounding anthropized areas. Neighboring residential areas should be permanently monitored to prevent VL or CL transmission and outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Paulo Gomes Pinheiro
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Entomologia, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Avenida Senador Salgado Filho, 3000, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Cássio Lázaro Silva-Inacio
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Entomologia, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Avenida Senador Salgado Filho, 3000, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Marcel Miranda de Medeiros Silva
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Entomologia, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Avenida Senador Salgado Filho, 3000, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Paulo Sérgio Fagundes de Araújo
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Entomologia, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Avenida Senador Salgado Filho, 3000, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Maria de Fátima Freire de Melo Ximenes
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Entomologia, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Avenida Senador Salgado Filho, 3000, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.
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23
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de Araujo-Pereira T, de Pita-Pereira D, Baia-Gomes SM, Boité M, Silva F, Pinto IDS, de Sousa RLT, Fuzari A, de Souza C, Brazil R, Britto C. An overview of the sandfly fauna (Diptera: Psychodidae) followed by the detection of Leishmania DNA and blood meal identification in the state of Acre, Amazonian Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2020; 115:e200157. [PMID: 33206821 PMCID: PMC7668085 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760200157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Acre state, Brazil, the dissemination of cutaneous leishmaniasis has increased in recent years, with limited knowledge of the potential Leishmania spp. vectors involved. OBJECTIVES Here, data concerning the sandfly fauna of Brasiléia municipality, Leishmania DNA-detection rates and the identification of blood meal sources of insects captured in 2013-2015 are presented. METHODS Parasite detection in female sandflies was performed individually by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (Leishmania kDNA/sandfly cacophony-gene), with the identification of Leishmania spp. by hsp70-PCR and sequencing. The identification of blood gut-content from fed females was performed by cyt b-PCR and sequencing. FINDINGS A total of 4,473 sandflies were captured. A subgroup of 864 non-blood-fed females evaluated for the presence of Leishmania DNA showed 2.9% positivity for Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis and L. (V.) guyanensis. The identification of blood meal sources was performed in 96 blood-fed females, allowing the identification of 13 vertebrate species. In nine/96 fed females, DNA from L. (V.) shawi, L. (V.) guyanensis, L. (V.) braziliensis and Endotrypanum sp. was detected. MAIN CONCLUSIONS In Brumptomyia sp. and Evandromyia termitophila, the first report of Leishmania DNA-detection is provided in Acre; Nyssomyia shawi is implicated as potential vector of L. (V.) braziliensis and L. (V.) guyanensis for the first time in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais de Araujo-Pereira
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Daniela de Pita-Pereira
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Sandylere Moreira Baia-Gomes
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Mariana Boité
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Pesquisa em Leishmanioses, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Franklin Silva
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Centro De Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Saúde, Laboratório de Modelagem de Sistemas Biológicos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | | | - Raimundo Leoberto Torres de Sousa
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Andressa Fuzari
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Cristian de Souza
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Reginaldo Brazil
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Constança Britto
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
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Fernández MS, Manteca-Acosta M, Cueto GR, Cavia R, Salomón OD. Variation of the Phlebotominae (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) Assemblage in Response to Land Use Changes in an Endemic Area of Leishmania Transmission in Northeast Argentina. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 57:1735-1747. [PMID: 32463079 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjaa090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Leishmaniases are a global health problem and in Argentina are considered emerging diseases. The new transmission scenarios of tegumentary leishmaniasis are especially important given that large areas of forest are being transformed into rural and urban systems. The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of the construction of a large public building and a neighborhood on the assemblage of Phlebotominae in a rural area with forest remnants and to correlate the changes observed in the species assemblage with characteristics of the environment. Entomological surveys with light traps were conducted on the construction campus in the northeastern region of Argentina at six sites representing different environmental situations. Structural environmental characteristics and meteorological conditions were recorded and analyzed. At least 16 species of Phlebotominae sand flies were collected, the most prevalent being Nyssomyia whitmani (Antunes & Coutinho), followed by the genus Brumptomyia (França & Parrot) and Migonemyia migonei (França). Our study provides evidence of how the structure of the assemblages and prevalent species respond to anthropogenic disturbances. As the construction progressed, both Ny. whitmani and the genus Brumptomyia were favored. The genus Brumptomyia was favored at sites surrounded by high proportions of forest, within patches of remnant vegetation, and relatively far from anthropogenic disturbances, while Ny. whitmani, the main vector of tegumentary leishmaniasis in the region, increases their abundant at short and intermediate distances from vegetation margins and areas close to anthropogenic disturbances, therefore increasing the risk of human exposure to vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- María S Fernández
- Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires e Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (UBA-CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariana Manteca-Acosta
- Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico e Investigación en Endemo-Epidemias (CeNDIE), Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud (ANLIS), Ministerio de Salud, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gerardo R Cueto
- Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires e Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (UBA-CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Regino Cavia
- Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires e Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (UBA-CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Oscar D Salomón
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Tropical (INMeT), Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud (ANLIS), Ministerio de Salud, y Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Puerto Iguazú , Argentina
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Barrios SPG, Pereira LE, Casaril AE, Infran JDOM, Fernandes WDS, Oshiro ET, Galati EAB, Graciolli G, Paranhos Filho AC, de Oliveira AG. Phlebotominae (Diptera: Psychodidae) and Biomes in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 57:1882-1904. [PMID: 32804237 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjaa127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil is an important region of South America regarding leishmaniasis, with the great diversity of sandflies reported since 1938 and wide biodiversity represented by its biomes (Atlantic Forest, Cerrado, and Pantanal). A checklist of sandflies is presented here for the state and respective biomes. The data base was compiled from primary and secondary data. The primary data collection involved automatic light traps at Miranda-Abobral Pantanal subregion and in subregion Baixa Nhecolância of Pantanal. The secondary data were obtained from entomology scientific collections and a literature review of articles from 1938 to 2019, including entomological museum collections. A total of 71 species were reported, belonging to 14 genera and 13 subgenera, in 61 municipalities of the state, including the type locality of 9 species, and the first report of Lutzomyia cruzi (Mangabeira 1938), vector of Leishmania infantum (Nicolle 1937), in the Pantanal region of Miranda-Abobral. Other vector species, Bichromomyia flaviscutellata (Mangabeira 1942), Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz & Neiva 1912), Nyssomyia antunesi (Coutinho 1939), Nyssomyia intermedia (Lutz & Neiva 1912), Nyssomyia neivai (Pinto 1926), and Nyssomyia whitmani (Antunes & Coutinho 1939), are reported in the entire area of the state. Maps containing the distribution of sandflies on Mato Grosso do Sul biomes were produced. The eclecticism of the species in relation to their ecotypes was observed, with several species using the three biome types as habitats and breeding sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suellem Petilim Gomes Barrios
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Luciana Escalante Pereira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Tecnologias Ambientais, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Aline Etelvina Casaril
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Jucelei de Oliveira Moura Infran
- Laboratório de Parasitologia Humana, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Wagner de Souza Fernandes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Elisa Teruyia Oshiro
- Laboratório de Parasitologia Humana, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Gustavo Graciolli
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Antônio Conceição Paranhos Filho
- Laboratório de Geotecnologias Ambientais, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Gutierrez de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
- Laboratório de Parasitologia Humana, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
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Bourdeau P, Rowton E, Petersen C. Impact of different Leishmania reservoirs on sand fly transmission: Perspectives from xenodiagnosis and other one health observations. Vet Parasitol 2020; 287:109237. [PMID: 33160145 PMCID: PMC8035349 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2020.109237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Leishmania has biologically adapted to specific phlebotomine sand flies through long co-evolution. The ability of Leishmania spp. to bind to sand fly midgut allows each Leishmania species to propagate and differentiate into infectious promastigotes and be transmitted. Sand fly feeding upon a mammalian host is the first step towards being infected and a host of Leishmania. Once deposited into the skin, host susceptibility to infection vs. ability to mount a sterilizing immune response predicts which hosts could be reservoirs of different Leishmania spp. Materials, in addition to parasites, are expelled during sand fly during feeding, including salivary antigens and other factors that promote local inflammatory responses. These factors aid visceralization of infection increasing the likelihood that systemic infection is established. Any environmental factor that increases sand fly biting of a particular host increases that host's role in Leishmania transmission. First descriptions of reservoir species were based on association with local human disease and ability to observe infected leukocytes on cytology. This approach was one pathogen for one reservoir host. Advances in sensitive molecular tools greatly increased the breadth of mammals found to host Leishmania infection. Visceralizing species of Leishmania, particularly L. infantum, are now known to have multiple mammalian hosts. L. donovani, long been described as an anthroponotic parasite, was recently identified through molecular and serologic surveys to have additional mammalian hosts. The epidemiological role of these animals as a source of parasites to additional hosts via vector transmission is not known. Current evidence suggests that dogs and other domestic animals either control infection or do not have sufficient skin parasitemia to be a source of L. donovani to P. argentipes. Further xenodiagnosis and characterization of skin parasitemia in these different hosts is required to more broadly understand which Leishmania spp. hosts can be a source of parasites to sand flies and which ones are dead-end hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Bourdeau
- Laboratoire de Dermatologie, Parasitologie et Mycologie, ONIRIS, Ecole Nationale Veterinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'Alimentation Nantes-Atlantique, Nantes, France; Immunology Program, Department of Internal Medicine and Microbiology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Edgar Rowton
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Immunology Program, Department of Internal Medicine and Microbiology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Christine Petersen
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, USA; Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Coralville, IA, 52241, USA; Immunology Program, Department of Internal Medicine and Microbiology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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Martín ME, Stein M, Willener JA, Kuruc JA, Estallo EL. Landscape effects on the abundance of Lutzomyia longipalpis and Migonemyia migonei (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) in Corrientes city, northern Argentina. Acta Trop 2020; 210:105576. [PMID: 32511970 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We analyses the relationship between landscape and environmental variables estimated from high-resolution satellite images with the temporal variation of the abundance of Lutzomyia longipalpis and Migonemyia migonei, vectors of leishmaniasis, in Corrientes city. At 8 collection sites, 14 samples were conducted between March 2012 to February 2014. Proportion of land cover classes derived from high resolution satellite images as: water, bare soil, urban areas, low vegetation and high vegetation, as well as average, maximum and minimum values of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index and Normalized Difference Water Index) in buffer areas of 50 m, 100 m and 150 m were used to characterize and identify suitable environmental conditions for the development of sand flies through Generalized Linear Mixed Models. The most frequently collected species during the sampling period was Lu. longipalpis and followed by Mg. migonei. The models showed that high Lu. longipalpis abundance were related to low proportion of high vegetation coverage, while a negative association was among Mg. migonei abundance and with values of Normalized Difference Water Index and with the interaction between urban areas and minimum values of Normalized Difference Water Index, and a positive association with the interaction between low vegetation and average values of Normalized Difference Water Index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mía E Martín
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas (IIBYT), Universidad Nacional, de Córdoba, CONICET, Centro de Investigaciones Entomológicas de Córdoba (CIEC), FCEFyN. Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Marina Stein
- Instituto de Medicina Regional, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Avda. Las Heras, 727, CP 3500 Resistencia, Chaco, Argentina; CONICET-CCT Nordeste-Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Juana A Willener
- Instituto de Medicina Regional, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Avda. Las Heras, 727, CP 3500 Resistencia, Chaco, Argentina
| | - Jorge A Kuruc
- Base Nacional de Control de Vectores Corrientes, Secretaría de Salud de la Nación, Argentina
| | - Elizabet L Estallo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas (IIBYT), Universidad Nacional, de Córdoba, CONICET, Centro de Investigaciones Entomológicas de Córdoba (CIEC), FCEFyN. Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina; CONICET-CCT Nordeste-Córdoba, Argentina.
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Oliveira JCD. As vicissitudes do matar. Conflitos ontológicos em um estudo sobre leishmaniose tegumentar americana na TI Wajãpi. HORIZONTES ANTROPOLÓGICOS 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/s0104-71832020000200007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo A partir de uma pesquisa sobre os padrões epidemiológicos de leishmaniose tegumentar americana na Terra Indígena Wajãpi (AP), tomo como ponto de partida as perspectivas de alguns Wajãpi e de cientistas para explorar aspectos das ontologias em disputas nesse contexto. Oscilando entre os diferentes sujeitos dessa pesquisa, pretendo refletir e descrever como cada um deles compreende questões comuns como: a matabilidade de alguns seres, as relações com diferentes níveis de alteridade e as perspectivas das relações interespecíficas.
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Sales KGDS, Miranda DEDO, Paiva MHS, Figueredo LA, Otranto D, Dantas-Torres F. Fast multiplex real-time PCR assay for simultaneous detection of dog and human blood and Leishmania parasites in sand flies. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:131. [PMID: 32312319 PMCID: PMC7171745 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-3994-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The blood-feeding behaviour of female sand flies may increase their likelihood of acquiring and transmitting Leishmania parasites. Studies on the host usage by these insects may thus improve our understanding of the Leishmania transmission risk in leishmaniasis-endemic areas. Here, we developed a fast multiplex real-time PCR assay for simultaneous detection of dog, human and Leishmania DNA in sand flies. Methods Primers and TaqMan probes targeting the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 and cytochrome b genes of dog and human, respectively, were combined in a multiplex assay, which also includes primers and a TaqMan probe targeting the Leishmania minicircle kinetoplast DNA. Results The multiplex assay was 100% specific, with analytical sensitivities of 103 fg/reaction for dog and human and 1 fg for Leishmania. By testing field-collected engorged female sand flies (95 Migonemyia migonei and two Nyssomyia intermedia), 50 M. migonei were positive for one or two targets (positivity rates: 45.4% for human, 4.1% for dog and 12.4% for Leishmania DNA). Conclusions This multiplex real-time PCR assay represents a novel fast assay for detecting dog, human and Leishmania DNA in female sand flies and therefore a tool for assessing the risk of Leishmania transmission to these hosts in areas of active transmission. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marcelo Henrique Santos Paiva
- Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Caruaru, Brazil.,Department of Entomology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Recife, Brazil
| | - Luciana Aguiar Figueredo
- Department of Immunology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Recife, Brazil
| | - Domenico Otranto
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Bari, Valenzano, Bari, Italy.,Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Filipe Dantas-Torres
- Department of Immunology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Recife, Brazil.
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Molecular taxonomy and phylogenetic inferences of Bichromomyia flaviscutellata complex based on the COI gene DNA barcode region. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2020; 81:104256. [PMID: 32084625 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is considered one of the six most important infectious diseases in the world. In spite of its importance, the leishmaniasis is one of the world's most neglected tropical diseases. Bichromomyia flaviscutellata sensu lato is a complex composed of at least three species: B. flaviscutellata sensu stricto, B. reducta and B. olmeca. The latter is composed of three subspecies: B. olmeca olmeca, B. olmeca bicolor and B. olmeca nociva, which are distributed from Central America to South America. Of these, B. flaviscutellata s.s. is recognized as the main vector of Leishmania amazonensis in Brazil. The present study aimed to identify molecularly the species and subspecies of the B. flaviscutellata complex using the 5' region of the COI gene (Barcode region). A total of 44 specimens, comprising 22 B. flaviscutellata s.s. and 22 B. olmeca nociva, were analyzed from six localities in the Brazilian Amazon: five in the State of Amazonas (Autazes, Manaus, Pitinga, Novo Airão, and Rio Preto da Eva), and one in the State of Pará (Serra do Cachorro). Three sequences from B. olmeca olmeca and one of B. olmeca bicolor from GenBank were also added to the dataset, totaling 48 sequences with a length of 549 base pairs (bp). The total dataset generated 28 haplotypes and four disconnected networks. Phylogenetic analyses using three algorithms (Neighbor-Joining [NJ], Maximum Likelihood [ML] and Bayesian Inference [BI]) generated similar topologies and most clades were from moderately to highly supported. The phylogenetic relationship, together with genetic distance values (1%) and haplotypes networks, confirm the position of B. olmeca bicolor as a subspecies of B. olmeca olmeca. However, B. olmeca nociva was closer phylogenetically to B. flaviscutellata s.s. than to B. olmeca olmeca and B. olmeca bicolor. Additionally, the haplotype network separated B. olmeca nociva from B. olmeca olmeca and B. olmeca bicolor. These findings, combined with previous morphological data, suggest that the B. olmeca nociva should be elevated to full-species status. The findings of this study also found that B. flaviscutellata s.s. populations may be in process of forming lineages.
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Ortiz DG, Borges DA, Trinca LA, Galati EA, Gordon U, Geier M, Pinto MC. Comparison of BG-Lure and BG-Sweetscents attractants for field sampling of phlebotomine sand flies. Acta Trop 2020; 202:105224. [PMID: 31629825 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.105224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Phlebotomines are important vectors of bacteria, viruses and protozoan parasites. Protozoans of the genus Leishmania which cause visceral and cutaneous leishmaniases, are among the most important etiologic agents transmitted by sand flies. Different blends of human and animal volatiles have been evaluated for use in surveillance and/or control of hematophagous insects. With regard to phlebotomine sand flies there are few records of attraction under laboratory and field conditions. This study was carried out at two collecting sites located in a Brazilian town with a high prevalence of cutaneous leishmaniasis. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of adding two kinds of commercial bait which mimic human odors to light traps to attract sand flies and compare the results with those of light traps without any additional bait. The commercial baits, BG-Lure® and BG-Sweetscent®, were developed to catch anthropophilic mosquitoes. Three treatments were evaluated: 1 - HP light trap with BG-Lure® added; 2 - HP light trap with BG-Sweetscent® added and 3- HP light trap without any attractant. A total of 3,682 sand flies were collected during the study. Constrained correspondence analysis was applied to perform ordination of the captured community of sand fly species that could be explained by attractant, sampling site and sex. The most abundant species: Pintomyia nevesi, Nyssomyia whitmani and Nyssomyia antunesi were further investigated by fitting generalized linear mixed models. Only Ny. whitmani showed a slight indication of an increase in catches with BG-Lure®.
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Brito VND, Dias ÁFDLR, Sousa VRF. Epidemiological aspects of Leishmaniasis in the Pantanal region of Mato Grosso. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 28:744-749. [PMID: 31800884 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612019061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a disease caused by the protozoan Leishmania parasite that is disseminated by some species of sandflies and hosted by a variety of reservoirs. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the epidemiological situation of leishmaniasis in the municipalities of the Mato Grosso Pantanal. Human data were obtained from the Information System of Notifiable Diseases, and the canine and vector results from the State Department of Health of Mato Grosso. Between 2007 and 2016, 10 cases of visceral leishmaniasis and 499 cases of tegumentary leishmaniasis were identified in the Pantanal region. The surveillance studies regarding the canine reservoir demonstrated that the parasite was present in six of the seven municipalities. Vectors of visceral leishmaniasis were present in five municipalities and vectors of tegumentary leishmaniasis in six. Enhancement of services aimed at controlling this disease is fundamental to prevent an increase in the number of cases in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veruska Nogueira de Brito
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso - UFMT, Cuiabá, MT, Brasil.,Laboratório de Entomologia, Secretaria de Estado de Saúde de Mato Grosso - SES/MT, Cuiabá, MT, Brasil
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Ngere I, Gufu Boru W, Isack A, Muiruri J, Obonyo M, Matendechero S, Gura Z. Burden and risk factors of cutaneous leishmaniasis in a peri-urban settlement in Kenya, 2016. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227697. [PMID: 31971945 PMCID: PMC6977748 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a neglected disease known to cause significant morbidity among the poor. We investigated a suspected outbreak to determine the magnitude of cases, characterize the cases and identify risk factors of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Gilgil, a peri-urban settlement in Central Kenya. Methods Hospital records for the period 2010–2016 were reviewed and additional cases were identified through active case search. Clinical diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis was made based on presence of ulcerative, nodular or papular skin lesion. The study enrolled 58 cases matched by age and neighbourhood to 116 controls in a case control study. Data was collected using structured questionnaires and simple proportions, means and medians were computed, and logistic regression models were constructed for analysis of individual, indoor and outdoor risk factors. Results Of the 255 suspected cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis identified, females constituted 56% (142/255) and the median age was 7 years (IQR 7–21). Cases occurred in clusters and up to 43% of cases originated from Gitare (73/255) and Kambi-Turkana (36/255) villages. A continuous transmission pattern was depicted throughout the period under review. Individual risk factors included staying outside the residence in the evening after sunset (OR 4.1, CI 1.2–16.2) and visiting forests (OR 4.56, CI 2.04–10.22). Sharing residence with a case (OR 14.4, CI 3.8–79.3), residing in a thatched house (OR 7.9, CI 1.9–45.7) and cracked walls (OR 2.3, CI 1.0–4.9) were identified among indoor factors while sighting rock hyraxes near residence (OR 5.3, CI 2.2–12.7), residing near a forest (OR 7.8, CI 2.8–26.4) and having a close neighbour with cutaneous leishmaniasis (OR 6.8, CI 2.8–16.0) were identified among outdoor factors. Conclusions We identify a large burden of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Gilgil with evidence of individual, indoor and outdoor factors of disease spread. The role of environmental factors and rodents in disease transmission should be investigated further
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Ngere
- Global Health Program-Kenya, Washington State University, Nairobi, Kenya
- Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program, Nairobi, Kenya
- * E-mail:
| | - Waqo Gufu Boru
- Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program, Nairobi, Kenya
- Ministry of Health, Nairobi, Republic of Kenya
| | - Abdikadir Isack
- Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program, Nairobi, Kenya
- Ministry of Health, Nairobi, Republic of Kenya
| | - Joshua Muiruri
- Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program, Nairobi, Kenya
- Ministry of Health, Nairobi, Republic of Kenya
| | - Mark Obonyo
- Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program, Nairobi, Kenya
- Ministry of Health, Nairobi, Republic of Kenya
| | | | - Zeinab Gura
- Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program, Nairobi, Kenya
- Ministry of Health, Nairobi, Republic of Kenya
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Espíndola Godoy R, Rangel EF, Santos Mallet JRD, Vasconcelos Dos Santos T, da Rocha Barata I, Arley Costa Pessoa F, Cunha AEFLD, Vilela ML, Galati EAB. Scanning Electron Microscopy of Sand Flies of the Chagasi Series, Psychodopygus (Diptera: Psychodidae) Genus, Focusing on the Genitalia. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 57:92-103. [PMID: 31576409 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjz166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Males of cryptic or closely related species present great morphological variation in their genitalia, whereas females, such as those of the Chagasi Series of the Psychodopygus Mangabeira, 1941 genus, are more similar. Therefore, our aim was to study the fine structure of the male genitalia of five species of the Chagasi Series to better understand the variation in their morphology and its influence on the copulatory process. The sand fly species were captured in the following Brazilian states: Psychodopygus chagasi (Costa Lima, 1941) (Rondônia), Psychodopygus complexus (Mangabeira, 1941) (Tocantins), Psychodopygus squamiventris maripaensis (Floch & Abonnenc, 1946) (Amapá), Psychodopygus squamiventris squamiventris (Lutz & Neiva, 1912) (Amazonas), and Psychodopygus wellcomei Fraiha, Shaw & Lainson, 1971 (Pará and Ceará). Insects were stored in ethanol 70% (then dehydrated) and dry after they were sputtered with gold. The samples were observed under a scanning electron microscope. Microtrichiae, two types of trichoid sensilla, coeloconic and chaetic sensillae, were observed on the antenna of all species, with no difference between them. Only on the anepimeron of P. squamiventris squamiventris a modified 'racket'-like scale was observed. As for the male genitalia, the setae and structures of each species were fully described, such as the small setae on the paramere apex of the P. squamiventris subspecies, and the grooves present in this region and on the paramere lobe of P. complexus and P. wellcomei, which are impossible to observe with optic microscopy. New information is thus provided on the male genitalia, which can contribute to future bionomic studies of these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Espíndola Godoy
- Departamento de Epidemiologia, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Vigilância Entomológica em Diptera e Hemiptera, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth Ferreira Rangel
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Vigilância Entomológica em Diptera e Hemiptera, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Felipe Arley Costa Pessoa
- Laboratório de Ecologia de doenças transmissíveis na Amazônia, Instituto Leônidas and Maria Deane, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rua Teresina, Brazil
| | | | - Maurício Luiz Vilela
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Vigilância Entomológica em Diptera e Hemiptera, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Brazil
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Martínez MF, Santini MS, Kowalewski MM, Salomón OD. Phlebotominae in peri-domestic and forest environments inhabited by Alouatta caraya in northeastern Argentina. MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY 2019; 33:367-374. [PMID: 30895653 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Multiple species of Phlebotominae are vectors of Leishmania (Protozoa: Trypanosomatidae), which causes visceral leishmaniasis (VL) and cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). To describe the Phlebotominae (Diptera: Psychodidae) related to the environments of black and gold howler monkeys Alouatta caraya (Humbodlt, 1812) (Primates: Atelidae), potential vectors were sampled in different landscapes and vertical strata of sleeping trees. Phlebotomine captured between December 2011 and March 2012 (2365 individuals) belonged to eight species, of which Nyssomyia neivai (Pinto, 1926) (61.4%) and Migonemyia migonei (França, 1920) (18.73%) were the most abundant, and Ny. withmani was recorded for the first time in the Chaco province. In the 'peri-domestic' landscape, the phlebotomine were mainly captured in henhouses (78.7%), whereas the tree canopy in 'rural' and 'wild' landscapes yielded 31.2% and 29.1% of the phlebotomine, respectively. A significant association between the type of landscape and the species of phlebotomine was observed by multivariate analysis. Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz & Neiva, 1912) and Mg. migonei were associated with 'peri-domestic' landscape, and Ny. neivai was associated with the 'wild' landscape. The results of this prospective study suggest that the interaction between phlebotomine and A. caraya could be a key factor with respect to understanding the epidemiology of leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Martínez
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Tropical (INMeT) - Ministerio de Salud de la Nación, Puerto Iguazú, Argentina
- Estación Biológica Corrientes (EBCo), Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales B. Rivadavia, Corrientes, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Corrientes, Argentina
| | - M S Santini
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Corrientes, Argentina
- Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico e Investigación en Endemoepidemias (CeNDIE), Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud (ANLIS) - Ministerio de Salud de la Nación, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M M Kowalewski
- Estación Biológica Corrientes (EBCo), Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales B. Rivadavia, Corrientes, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Corrientes, Argentina
| | - O D Salomón
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Tropical (INMeT) - Ministerio de Salud de la Nación, Puerto Iguazú, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Corrientes, Argentina
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Chavy A, Ferreira Dales Nava A, Luz SLB, Ramírez JD, Herrera G, Vasconcelos dos Santos T, Ginouves M, Demar M, Prévot G, Guégan JF, de Thoisy B. Ecological niche modelling for predicting the risk of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Neotropical moist forest biome. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019; 13:e0007629. [PMID: 31412022 PMCID: PMC6693739 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
A major challenge of eco-epidemiology is to determine which factors promote the transmission of infectious diseases and to establish risk maps that can be used by public health authorities. The geographic predictions resulting from ecological niche modelling have been widely used for modelling the future dispersion of vectors based on the occurrence records and the potential prevalence of the disease. The establishment of risk maps for disease systems with complex cycles such as cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) can be very challenging due to the many inference networks between large sets of host and vector species, with considerable heterogeneity in disease patterns in space and time. One novelty in the present study is the use of human CL cases to predict the risk of leishmaniasis occurrence in response to anthropogenic, climatic and environmental factors at two different scales, in the Neotropical moist forest biome (Amazonian basin and surrounding forest ecosystems) and in the surrounding region of French Guiana. With a consistent data set never used before and a conceptual and methodological framework for interpreting data cases, we obtained risk maps with high statistical support. The predominantly identified human CL risk areas are those where the human impact on the environment is significant, associated with less contributory climatic and ecological factors. For both models this study highlights the importance of considering the anthropogenic drivers for disease risk assessment in human, although CL is mainly linked to the sylvatic and peri-urban cycle in Meso and South America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agathe Chavy
- Laboratoire des Interactions Virus-Hôtes, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana
- Laboratoire des Ecosystèmes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale, EA3593, Medicine Department, Université de Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Alessandra Ferreira Dales Nava
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Doenças Transmissíveis na Amazônia, EDTA Instituto Lêonidas e Maria Deane, FIOCRUZ, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Sergio Luiz Bessa Luz
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Doenças Transmissíveis na Amazônia, EDTA Instituto Lêonidas e Maria Deane, FIOCRUZ, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Juan David Ramírez
- Grupo de Investigaciones Microbiológicas-UR (GIMUR), Programa de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Giovanny Herrera
- Grupo de Investigaciones Microbiológicas-UR (GIMUR), Programa de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Thiago Vasconcelos dos Santos
- Parasitology Unit, Instituto Evandro Chagas (Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde), Ananindeua, Brazil
| | - Marine Ginouves
- Laboratoire des Ecosystèmes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale, EA3593, Medicine Department, Université de Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Magalie Demar
- Laboratoire Associé du CNR Leishmaniose, Laboratoire Hospitalo-Universitaire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Ghislaine Prévot
- Laboratoire des Ecosystèmes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale, EA3593, Medicine Department, Université de Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Jean-François Guégan
- Unité Mixte de Recherche MIVEGEC, Université de Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, Montpellier, France
- Unité Mixte de Recherche ASTRE Cirad-INRA, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Benoît de Thoisy
- Laboratoire des Interactions Virus-Hôtes, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana
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Resadore F, Júnior AMP, de Paulo PFM, Gil LHS, Rodrigues MMDS, Araújo MDS, Julião GR, Medeiros JF. Composition and Vertical Stratification of Phlebotomine Sand Fly Fauna and the Molecular Detection of Leishmania in Forested Areas in Rondônia State Municipalities, Western Amazon, Brazil. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2019; 19:347-357. [DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2018.2372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fábio Resadore
- Laboratório de Entomologia, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - Fiocruz Rondônia, Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Experimental, Fundação Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil
| | - Antônio Marques Pereira Júnior
- Laboratório de Entomologia, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - Fiocruz Rondônia, Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Experimental, Fundação Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil
- Laboratório de Entomologia, Instituto Nacional de Epidemiologia da Amazônia Ocidental - INCT/EpiAmo, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - Fiocruz Rondônia, Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil
| | | | - Luiz Herman Soares Gil
- Laboratório de Entomologia, Instituto de Pesquisas e Patologias Tropicais de Rondônia, Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil
| | | | - Maísa da Silva Araújo
- Laboratório de Entomologia, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - Fiocruz Rondônia, Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil
| | - Genimar Rebouças Julião
- Laboratório de Entomologia, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - Fiocruz Rondônia, Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil
- Laboratório de Entomologia, Instituto Nacional de Epidemiologia da Amazônia Ocidental - INCT/EpiAmo, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - Fiocruz Rondônia, Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil
| | - Jansen Fernandes Medeiros
- Laboratório de Entomologia, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - Fiocruz Rondônia, Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil
- Laboratório de Entomologia, Instituto Nacional de Epidemiologia da Amazônia Ocidental - INCT/EpiAmo, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - Fiocruz Rondônia, Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil
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Sales KGDS, de Oliveira Miranda DE, Costa PL, da Silva FJ, Figueredo LA, Brandão-Filho SP, Dantas-Torres F. Home sweet home: sand flies find a refuge in remote indigenous villages in north-eastern Brazil, where leishmaniasis is endemic. Parasit Vectors 2019; 12:118. [PMID: 30909958 PMCID: PMC6434633 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3383-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND From 2012 to 2013, an outbreak of cutaneous leishmaniasis by Leishmania braziliensis was detected in indigenous villages located in a remote rural area of Pernambuco state, north-eastern Brazil. Considering that the principal activities of this indigenous community are farming and crop plantation, and also that the outbreak involved many children, we investigated the presence of sand fly vectors inside human houses and also the exposure of dogs to leishmanial parasites. Our general objective was to gather epidemiological data that could indicate the occurrence of a peri-domestic/domestic transmission cycle of L. braziliensis in these indigenous villages. METHODS From March 2015 to March 2016, sand flies were collected using light traps in the indoor and immediate outdoor environments in the three indigenous villages that reported the most cutaneous leishmaniasis cases during the 2012-2013 outbreak. Moreover, samples obtained from 300 dogs living in the outbreak villages and two nearby villages were tested by a rapid immunochromatographic test and by a real-time PCR for detecting anti-Leishmania antibodies and Leishmania DNA, respectively. RESULTS In total, 5640 sand flies belonging to 11 species were identified. Males (n = 3540) predominated over females (n = 2100). Migonemyia migonei (84.3%) was the most abundant species, followed by Evandromyia lenti (5.5%), Lutzomyia longipalpis (4.1%), Nyssomyia intermedia (1.6%) and Micropygomyia capixaba (1.4%), representing together ~97% of the sand flies collected. Nine out of the 11 species identified in this study were found indoors, including M. migonei, L. longipalpis and N. intermedia, which are proven vectors of Leishmania spp. Out of 300 dogs tested, 26 (8.7%) presented anti-Leishmania antibodies and six (2%) were Leishmania DNA-positive. The level of exposure in dogs living in the indigenous villages where the 2012-2013 outbreak of human CL was detected was almost 2-fold higher than in the two nearby villages (11.0 vs 6.2% for serology and 2.6 vs 1.4% for real-time PCR). CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that different sand fly vectors may be adapted to human dwellings, thus increasing the risk of transmission in the indoor and immediate outdoor environments. The adaptation of sand flies to the indoor environment in the studied indigenous villages may be partly explained by the poor housing conditions and the proximity of the houses to crop plantations and forest fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Fernando José da Silva
- Department of Immunology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Recife, Brazil
| | - Luciana Aguiar Figueredo
- Department of Immunology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Recife, Brazil
| | | | - Filipe Dantas-Torres
- Department of Immunology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Recife, Brazil.
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Marcondes M, Day MJ. Current status and management of canine leishmaniasis in Latin America. Res Vet Sci 2019; 123:261-272. [PMID: 30708238 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2019.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Latin America encompasses diverse geographical, cultural and socio-economic conditions, which are reflected in the challenges for infectious disease control in the region. One of the most significant regional infectious diseases for humans and domestic dogs is leishmaniasis, occurring as visceral leishmaniasis (VL) caused by Leishmania infantum (syn. L. chagasi) transmitted by sand flies (Lutzomyia longipalpis) and with a canine reservoir, and the more common cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) involving multiple Leishmania spp. (particularly L. braziliensis), sand fly vectors and reservoir hosts. VL is spreading within Latin America for reasons related to mass migration of human and canine populations, with incursion into novel environments (e.g. related to deforestation) coupled with a background of poverty and poor public health infrastructure. The challenges for control of VL also include: (1) the accurate identification of infected dogs (particularly subclinically infected dogs) with the current reliance on serological rather than molecular diagnostic methods, (2) controversy surrounding the ethics and efficacy of culling of seropositive dogs, (3) the limited efficacy of currently available canine vaccines and their potential to interfere with interpretation of serological testing, (4) the expense associated with distribution of insecticidal dog collars, which may prove to be the most valuable control method, and (5) the cost and therefore accessibility of licensed medical treatment for canine leishmaniasis by the general population. Resolution of these isssues will necessitate a 'One Health' approach to co-ordination of resources between human and veterinary healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Marcondes
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Veterinary Medicine, Araçatuba, 16050-680 Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Michael J Day
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia
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40
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Vasconcelos dos Santos T, Prévot G, Ginouvès M, Duarte R, Silveira FT, Póvoa MM, Rangel EF. Ecological aspects of Phlebotomines (Diptera: Psychodidae) and the transmission of American cutaneous leishmaniasis agents in an Amazonian/ Guianan bordering area. Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:612. [PMID: 30497528 PMCID: PMC6267891 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-3190-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An entomological study was conducted in the municipality of Oiapoque (lower Oyapock River Basin) in the Brazilian side bordering French Guiana to gain information on the transmission pattern of American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) in that region, presumed to reflect the classical Amazonian/Guianan enzootic scenario. METHODS Three ecologically isolated forested areas near urban environments were surveyed during the rainy and dry seasons of 2015 and 2016, using a multi-trapping approach comprising ground-level and canopy light traps, black and white colored cloth Shannon traps and manual aspiration on tree bases. Female phlebotomines were dissected to find infections and isolate flagellates from Leishmania spp. The strains were characterized by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and compared with those of local ACL cases and World Health Organization reference strains. RESULTS Nyssomyia umbratilis, Trichopygomyia trichopyga and Evandromyia infraspinosa were the most frequently found species. Findings on relative abundance, spatiotemporal vector/ACL congruence, natural infections and anthropophilic insights strengthened the Guianan classical transmission of Leishmania (Viannia) guyanensis by Ny. umbratilis and suggested further investigations for Ev. infraspinosa. Nyssomyia umbratilis showed an eclectic feeding habit, including bird blood. Ecological data and literature reports also included Psychodopygus squamiventris maripaensis and Bichromomyia flaviscutellata on the list of suspected vectors. CONCLUSIONS These findings contributed to understanding ACL ecoepidemiology in the Amazonian/Guianan scenario. Local studies are required to better comprehend the Leishmania spp. enzootic mosaic in specific ecotopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Vasconcelos dos Santos
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Biologia de Agentes Infecciosos e Parasitários, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará State Brazil
- Seção de Parasitologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas (Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde), Ananindeua, Pará State Brazil
| | - Ghislaine Prévot
- Département de Médecine, Ecosystemes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale, EA 3593, Labex CEBA, Université de Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Marine Ginouvès
- Département de Médecine, Ecosystemes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale, EA 3593, Labex CEBA, Université de Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Rosemere Duarte
- Laboratório de Imunodiagnóstico, Escola Nacional de Saúde Publica Sérgio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro State Brazil
| | - Fernando Tobias Silveira
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Biologia de Agentes Infecciosos e Parasitários, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará State Brazil
| | - Marinete Marins Póvoa
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Biologia de Agentes Infecciosos e Parasitários, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará State Brazil
- Seção de Parasitologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas (Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde), Ananindeua, Pará State Brazil
| | - Elizabeth Ferreira Rangel
- Seção de Parasitologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas (Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde), Ananindeua, Pará State Brazil
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Vigilância Entomológica em Diptera e Hemiptera, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/ Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro State Brazil
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41
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Santini MS, Acosta MM, Utgés ME, Aldaz ME, Salomón OD. Presence of Lutzomyia longipalpis and Nyssomyia whitmani in Entre Rios, Argentina. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2018; 60:e55. [PMID: 30365638 PMCID: PMC6199125 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-9946201860055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the presence of Lutzomyia
longipalpis in the Argentine city of Concordia, in the province of
Entre Rios, without record of this species despite previous samplings, but with
canine cases of visceral leishmaniasis and Lu. longipalpis
reports both, from Northern Argentine localities and from the city of Salto,
Uruguay, located just across the river and the international border. This study
confirms the presence of Lu. longipalpis and Nyssomyia
whitmani, related to the risk of visceral and tegumentary
leishmaniasis, respectively, in Concordia-Entre Rios. The presence of
Lu. longipalpis confirms the ongoing dispersal along the
Uruguay river basin. The presence of these species in the study area alerts
about the risk of transmission of Leishmania spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Soledad Santini
- Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico e Investigación en Endemo-epidemias, Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud "Dr. Carlos C Malbrán", Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Maria Eugenia Utgés
- Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico e Investigación en Endemo-epidemias, Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud "Dr. Carlos C Malbrán", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria Esther Aldaz
- Hospital D. C. Masvernat, Dirección de Epidemiologia, Programa Provincial de Zoonosis y Vectores, Entre Rios, Argentina
| | - Oscar Daniel Salomón
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto Nacional de Medicina Tropical, Puerto Iguazú, Misiones, Argentina
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42
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Pereira-Filho AA, Fonteles RS, Bandeira MDCA, Moraes JLP, Rebêlo JMM, Melo MN. Molecular Identification of Leishmania spp. in Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) in the Lençóis Maranhenses National Park, Brazil. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2018; 55:989-994. [PMID: 29471500 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjy014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Sand flies are very common in the region of Lençóis Maranhenses National Park, an important tourist attraction in Brazil. However, the role of some species and their relative importance locally in Leishmania Ross 1903 transmission is unclear. The objective of this study was to identify Leishmania infection in phlebotomine sand flies collected around the Lençóis Maranhenses National Park, an important conservation area and popular international/national tourist destination with a high incidence of leishmaniasis. Sand flies were collected in peridomiciliary areas on the tourist route from September 2012 to August 2013. The captured females were subjected to molecular analyses for the detection of Leishmania DNA. Sand flies were infected with four Leishmania species: Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis (Vianna, 1911) was found in Lutzomyia whitmani (Antunes and Coutinho, 1939) (2.1%) and Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz and Neiva, 1912) (1.7%); Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum (Nicole, 1908) infected Lutzomyia wellcomei (Fraiha, Shaw, and Lainson, 1971) (20%), Lutzomyia sordellii (Shannon and Del Ponte, 1927) (4.3%), Lu. longipalpis (3.7%), and Lu. whitmani (0.8%); Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis (Lainson & Shaw, 1972) was found in Lu. whitmani (0.58%), while Leishmania (Viannia) lainsoni infected Lutzomyia evandroi (Costa Lima and Antunes, 1936) (3.4%), Lu. longipalpis (1.06%), and Lu. whitmani (0.29%). The occurrence of these parasites requires control measures to reduce the incidence of cutaneous leishmaniasis and to contain a possible epidemic of visceral leishmaniasis, the most severe form of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adalberto Alves Pereira-Filho
- Programa de Pós- Graduação em Parasitologia, Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Raquel Silva Fonteles
- Laboratório de Entomologia e Vetores, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, Brasil
| | | | - Jorge Luiz Pinto Moraes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia da Rede Bionorte, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, Brasil
| | - José Manuel Macário Rebêlo
- Laboratório de Entomologia e Vetores, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia da Rede Bionorte, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, Brasil
| | - Maria Norma Melo
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brasil
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43
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Santini MS, Fernández MS, Cavia R, Salomón OD. Co-occurrence and seasonal and environmental distributions of the sandflies Lutzomyia longipalpis and Nyssomyia whitmani in the city of Puerto Iguazú, northeastern Argentina. MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY 2018; 32:197-205. [PMID: 29178206 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to study the distribution of Phlebotominae (Diptera: Psycodidade) abundance in time and space in an area in northeastern Argentina with vector transmission of visceral and tegumentary leishmaniasis. For this, 51 households were selected using a 'worst scenario' criterion where one light trap was set during two consecutive nights in peridomiciles in the transitions between the four seasons, and the environment was surveyed simultaneously. The relationships of phlebotomine assemblage structure and the most abundant species with seasonality and environmental variables were evaluated using a canonical correspondence analysis and generalized linear mixed models, respectively. A total of 5110 individuals were captured. Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz & Neiva, 1912) and Nyssomyia whitmani (Antunes & Coutinho, 1939) were the most abundant species captured in all samplings (98.3% of the total capture). The period of highest abundance of Lu. longipalpis was early autumn, and it was distributed in the most urbanized areas. Nyssomyia whitmani occupied mainly the less urbanized areas, showing peaks of abundance in early spring and summer. Other species were captured in low numbers and showed seasonal-spatial variations similar to those of Ny. whitmani. We confirmed Leishmania spp. vector persistence throughout the year in spatial patches of high abundance even during the less favorable season.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Santini
- Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico e Investigación en Endemo-epidemias (CeNDIE), ANLIS, Ministerio de Salud de la Nación, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Leishmaniasis Investigation Network of Argentina (ReDILA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M S Fernández
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Leishmaniasis Investigation Network of Argentina (ReDILA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, FCEN, UBA e Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires, UBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - R Cavia
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, FCEN, UBA e Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires, UBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - O D Salomón
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Leishmaniasis Investigation Network of Argentina (ReDILA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Tropical (INMeT), Ministerio de Salud de la Nación, Puerto Iguazú, Argentina
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Carvalho BM, Dos Santos TV, da R Barata I, Lima JAN, Silveira FT, Vale MM, Ready PD, Rangel EF. Entomological surveys of Lutzomyia flaviscutellata and other vectors of cutaneous leishmaniasis in municipalities with records of Leishmania amazonensis within the Bragança region of Pará State, Brazil. JOURNAL OF VECTOR ECOLOGY : JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR VECTOR ECOLOGY 2018; 43:168-178. [PMID: 29757525 DOI: 10.1111/jvec.12296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In southeast Amazon, Lutzomyia (Nyssomyia) flaviscutellata is the incriminated vector of Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis, a causative agent of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). The optimal methods for surveying Lu. flaviscutellata were investigated in the Bragança region, northeast Pará State, Brazil, selected for the presence of Le. amazonensis. The performances of modified Disney traps and CDC light traps were compared in four ecotopes within and around four village transects during the wet and dry seasons. The physiological age of female sand flies was estimated and natural infection by flagellates was evaluated by dissection. Disney traps were better for detecting the presence of Lu. flaviscutellata, while CDC traps performed well for detecting Lutzomyia (Nyssomyia) antunesi, suspected vector of Leishmania lindenbergi. The former was more abundant during the wet season, when female flies were naturally infected with Le. amazonensis. These findings identified the environments of local transmission. In order to improve surveys of Lu. flaviscutellata as part of integrated epidemiological surveillance of CL, our recommendations include focusing vector surveys with Disney traps on forest fragments where people work, during the seasonal peak of the vector. Further field studies are required to make model-based predictions of seasonal variations in the vectorial capacity of vector populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno M Carvalho
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Vigilância Entomológica em Diptera e Hemiptera, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Brasil 4365, 21040-900, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Thiago Vasconcelos Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Leishmanioses Prof. Dr Ralph Lainson, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Rod. BR 316, Km 07 s/n, 67030-000, Levilândia, Ananindeua, PA, Brazil
| | - Iorlando da R Barata
- Laboratório de Leishmanioses Prof. Dr Ralph Lainson, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Rod. BR 316, Km 07 s/n, 67030-000, Levilândia, Ananindeua, PA, Brazil
| | - José Aprígio N Lima
- Laboratório de Leishmanioses Prof. Dr Ralph Lainson, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Rod. BR 316, Km 07 s/n, 67030-000, Levilândia, Ananindeua, PA, Brazil
| | - Fernando T Silveira
- Laboratório de Leishmanioses Prof. Dr Ralph Lainson, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Rod. BR 316, Km 07 s/n, 67030-000, Levilândia, Ananindeua, PA, Brazil
| | - Mariana M Vale
- Laboratório de Vertebrados, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, 21941-902, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Paul D Ready
- Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Infectious Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, U.K
| | - Elizabeth F Rangel
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Vigilância Entomológica em Diptera e Hemiptera, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Brasil 4365, 21040-900, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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45
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Adams ZJO, Shimabukuro PHF. A cybercatalogue of American sand fly types (Diptera, Psychodidae, Phlebotominae) deposited at the Natural History Museum, London. Biodivers Data J 2018; 6:e24484. [PMID: 30046275 PMCID: PMC6055547 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.6.e24484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sand flies (Diptera, Psychodidae, Phlebotominae) are biting flies involved in the transmission of pathogens, including the protozoan parasite Leishmania amongst human and non-human animals (Rangel and Lainson 2009). NEW INFORMATION A total of 60 species of American Phlebotominae (Diptera: Psychodidae), distributed amongst 16 genera were studied. A checklist of the primary and secondary type specimens held at the Natural History Museum, London (NHMUK), is given and 968 photographs of the specimens and their labels are made available on a Scratchpads website http://phlebotominaenhmtypes.myspecies.info.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe J. O. Adams
- The Natural History Museum, Department of Life Sciences, South Kensington, SW7 5BD, United Kingdom
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46
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Chagas ECDS, Silva AS, Fé NF, Ferreira LS, Sampaio VDS, Terrazas WCM, Guerra JAO, Souza RAFD, Silveira H, Guerra MDGVB. Composition of sand fly fauna (Diptera: Psychodidae) and detection of Leishmania DNA (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae) in different ecotopes from a rural settlement in the central Amazon, Brazil. Parasit Vectors 2018. [PMID: 29534747 PMCID: PMC5848579 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-2743-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) are vectors of Leishmania species, the etiological agents of leishmaniasis, which is one of the most important emerging infectious diseases in the Americas. In the state of Amazonas in Brazil, anthropogenic activities encourage the presence of these insects around rural homes. The present study aimed to describe the composition and distribution of sand fly species diversity among the ecotopes (intradomicile, peridomicile and forest) in an area of American cutaneous leishmaniasis transmission and detect natural infection with Leishmania DNA to evaluate which vectors are inside houses and whether the presence of possible vectors represents a hazard of transmission. Results Phlebotomine sand flies were collected using light traps. A total of 2469 specimens representing 54 species, predominantly females (71.2%), were collected from four sites. Polymerase chain reaction analysis was performed on 670 samples to detect Leishmania DNA. Most of the samples (79.5%) were collected in the forest, with areas closer to rural dwellings yielding a greater abundance of suspected or proven vectors and a larger number of species containing Leishmania DNA. Nyssomyia umbratilis and Bichromomyia flaviscutellata were found near rural homes, and Ny. umbratilis was also found inside homes. Leishmania DNA was detected in different species of sand flies in all ecotopes, including species with no previous record of natural infection. Conclusions There is no evidence that vectors of American cutaneous leishmaniasis are becoming established inside homes, but there are sand flies, including Ny. umbratilis and other possible vectors, in environments characterized by a human presence. These species continue to be predominant in the forest but are prevalent in areas closer to ecotopes with a greater human presence. The existence of proven or suspected vectors in this ecotope is due to the structural organization of rural settlements and may represent a hazard of transmission. Although the detection of Leishmania DNA in species that were not previously considered vectors does not mean that they are transmitting the parasite, it does show that the parasite is circulating in ecotopes where these species are found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Cristina da Silva Chagas
- Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Tropical/Programa de Pos-graduação em Clima e Ambiente), Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil.,Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil.,Fundação de Vigilância em Saúde do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil
| | - Arineia Soares Silva
- Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Tropical/Programa de Pos-graduação em Clima e Ambiente), Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil.,Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil
| | - Nelson Ferreira Fé
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil
| | - Lucas Silva Ferreira
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil
| | | | | | - Jorge Augusto Oliveira Guerra
- Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Tropical/Programa de Pos-graduação em Clima e Ambiente), Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil.,Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil
| | - Rodrigo Augusto Ferreira de Souza
- Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Tropical/Programa de Pos-graduação em Clima e Ambiente), Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil
| | - Henrique Silveira
- Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical de Lisboa, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria das Graças Vale Barbosa Guerra
- Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Tropical/Programa de Pos-graduação em Clima e Ambiente), Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil. .,Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil.
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da Costa SM, Cordeiro JLP, Rangel EF. Environmental suitability for Lutzomyia (Nyssomyia) whitmani (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) and the occurrence of American cutaneous leishmaniasis in Brazil. Parasit Vectors 2018. [PMID: 29514680 PMCID: PMC5842654 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-2742-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Leishmaniasis represents an important public health problem in Brazil. The continuous process of urbanization and expansion of human activities in forest areas impacts natural habitats, modifying the ecology of some species of Leishmania, as well as its vectors and reservoirs and, consequently, changes the epidemiological pattern that contributes to the expansion of American cutaneous leishmaniasis in Brazil. Here, we discuss Lutzomyia (Nyssomyia) whitmani, the main vector of ACL, transmitting two dermotropic Leishmania species including Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis and Leishmania (V.) shawi. Methods We used the maximum entropy niche modelling approach (MaxEnt) to evaluate the environmental suitability of L. (N.) whitmani and the transmission of ACL in Brazil, in addition to designing models for a future scenario of climate change. MaxEnt was used under the “auto-features” mode and the default settings, with 100-fold repetition (bootstrap). The logistic output was used with higher values in the habitat suitability map, representing more favourable conditions for the occurrence of L. (N.) whitmani and human cases of ACL. Results Two models were developed: the Lutzomyia (N.) whitmani model (LWM) and the American cutaneous leishmaniasis model (ACLM). LWM identified the species “preferential habitat” included regions with moderate annual precipitation (AP) between 1000–1600 mm, intermediate vegetation density (NDVI) values, mean temperature of the coldest quarter (MTCQ), between 15–21 °C, and annual mean temperature (AMT), between 19–24 °C. ACLM indicates that ACL is strongly associated with areas of intermediate density vegetation, areas with AP between 800–1200 mm, MTCQ above 16 °C and AMT below 23 °C. Conclusions The models generated for L. (N.) whitmani and ACL indicated a satisfactory predictive capacity. Future projections of LWM indicate an expansion of climatic suitability for L. (N.) whitmani for the northern and southern regions of Brazil. Future projections of ACL indicate the ongoing process of disease expansion in the face of the predicted climatic changes and reinforce the broad geographical expanse of this disease in Brazil. The models were able to identify that a continuous process of environmental degradation favours the establishment of L. (N.) whitmani and the occurrence of ACL by a strong association of the vector(s) and ACL to areas of intermediate vegetation cover density. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-018-2742-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Miranda da Costa
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Vigilância Entomológica em Diptera e Hemiptera, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.
| | | | - Elizabeth Ferreira Rangel
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Vigilância Entomológica em Diptera e Hemiptera, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
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48
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Machado TDO, Minuzzi-Souza TTC, Ferreira TDS, Freire LP, Timbó RV, Vital TE, Nitz N, Silva MN, Santos ADS, Sales NMC, Obara MT, Andrade AJD, Gurgel-Gonçalves R. The role of gallery forests in maintaining Phlebotominae populations: potential Leishmania spp. vectors in the Brazilian savanna. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2017; 112:681-691. [PMID: 28953996 PMCID: PMC5607517 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760170126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Knowledge on synanthropic phlebotomines and their natural infection by Leishmania is necessary for the identification of potential areas for leishmaniasis occurrence. OBJECTIVE To analyse the occurrence of Phlebotominae in gallery forests and household units (HUs) in the city of Palmas and to determine the rate of natural infection by trypanosomatids. METHODS Gallery forests and adjacent household areas were sampled on July (dry season) and November (rainy season) in 2014. The total sampling effort was 960 HP light traps and eight Shannon traps. Trypanosomatids were detected in Phlebotominae females through the amplification of the SSU rDNA region, and the positive samples were used in ITS1-PCR. Trypanosomatid species were identified using sequencing. FINDINGS A total of 1,527 sand flies representing 30 species were captured in which 949 (28 spp.) and 578 (22 spp.) were registered in July and November, respectively. In July, more specimens were captured in the gallery forests than in the HUs, and Nyssomyia whitmani was particularly frequent. In November, most of the specimens were found in the HUs, and again, Ny. whitmani was the predominant species. Lutzomyia longipalpis was commonly found in domestic areas, while Bichromomyia flaviscutellata was most frequent in gallery forests. Molecular analysis of 154 pools of females (752 specimens) identified Leishmania amazonensis, L. infantum, and Crithidia fasciculata in Ny. whitmani, as well as L. amazonensis in Lu. longipalpis, Trypanosoma sp. and L. amazonensis in Pintomyia christenseni, and L. amazonensis in both Psathyromyia hermanlenti and Evandromyia walkeri. MAIN CONCLUSIONS These results show the importance of gallery forests in maintaining Phlebotominae populations in the dry month, as well as their frequent occurrence in household units in the rainy month. This is the first study to identify Leishmania, Trypanosoma, and Crithidia species in Phlebotominae collected in Palmas, Tocantins, Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tâmara Dias Oliveira Machado
- Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Medicina, Área de Patologia, Laboratório de Parasitologia Médica e Biologia de Vetores, Brasília, DF, Brasil.,Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Tocantins, Coordenação de Ciências Matemáticas e Naturais, Palmas, TO, Brasil
| | - Thaís Tâmara Castro Minuzzi-Souza
- Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Medicina, Área de Patologia, Laboratório de Parasitologia Médica e Biologia de Vetores, Brasília, DF, Brasil.,Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Medicina, Área de Patologia, Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Biociências, Brasília, DF, Brasil
| | - Tauana de Sousa Ferreira
- Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Medicina, Área de Patologia, Laboratório de Parasitologia Médica e Biologia de Vetores, Brasília, DF, Brasil
| | - Luciana Pereira Freire
- Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Medicina, Área de Patologia, Laboratório de Parasitologia Médica e Biologia de Vetores, Brasília, DF, Brasil
| | - Renata Velôzo Timbó
- Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Medicina, Área de Patologia, Laboratório de Parasitologia Médica e Biologia de Vetores, Brasília, DF, Brasil
| | - Tamires Emanuele Vital
- Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Medicina, Área de Patologia, Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Biociências, Brasília, DF, Brasil
| | - Nadjar Nitz
- Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Medicina, Área de Patologia, Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Biociências, Brasília, DF, Brasil
| | - Mariana Neiva Silva
- Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Medicina, Área de Patologia, Laboratório de Parasitologia Médica e Biologia de Vetores, Brasília, DF, Brasil
| | - Alcinei de Souza Santos
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Tocantins, Coordenação de Ciências Matemáticas e Naturais, Palmas, TO, Brasil
| | - Nathyla Morgana Cunha Sales
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Tocantins, Coordenação de Ciências Matemáticas e Naturais, Palmas, TO, Brasil
| | | | - Andrey José de Andrade
- Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Medicina, Área de Patologia, Laboratório de Parasitologia Médica e Biologia de Vetores, Brasília, DF, Brasil.,Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Patologia Básica, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | - Rodrigo Gurgel-Gonçalves
- Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Medicina, Área de Patologia, Laboratório de Parasitologia Médica e Biologia de Vetores, Brasília, DF, Brasil
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Dos Santos Silva J, Caranha L, Moura Santos FK, Dos Santos AP, Rodrigues da Silva LO, Ferreira Rangel E. Sand fly (Diptera, Psychodidae, Phlebotominae) abundance and diversity in areas affected by the São Francisco River transposition project in Ceará State, Brazil. Parasit Vectors 2017; 10:403. [PMID: 28851424 PMCID: PMC5576291 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-017-2333-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Entomological surveillance of sand fly vectors was carried out to support leishmaniasis prevention and control measures in areas affected by the São Francisco River Transposition Project. Methods Sand flies were collected monthly between May 2011 and December 2014 in seven municipalities: Missão Velha, Brejo Santo, Lavras da Mangabeira, Iguatu, Mauriti, Jaguaribe and Jaguaretama, in dwellings, peridomicile and forest areas for three consecutive days, for a period of 12 h each day (18:00 to 06:00 h). Differences in species composition between sites were tested with Shannon’s diversity index, the similarity between habitats was estimated by the Sørensen’s qualitative similarity index and, for the most abundant species in each municipality, a standardized index of species abundance was applied. The influence of climatic factors on sand fly population densities was analyzed using Spearman’s correlation coefficients. Results A total of 214,213 sand fly specimens belonging to 18 species were captured. The most abundant species in all municipalities was Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz & Neiva, 1912). The municipalities of Mauriti and Missão Velha stand out in terms of high species richness, with the latter exhibiting the greatest diversity. The number of sand flies in the Iguatu, Jaguaribe and Jaguaretama municipality was higher during the rainy months, whereas the populations declined in the drier months; the sand fly population density in other municipalities (Missão Velha, Brejo Santo, Lavras de Mangabeira and Mauriti) showed negative correlation with rainfall. Conclusions This study confirms the presence of several Leishmania spp. vectors in the seven municipalities affected by the São Francisco River Transposition Project, with Lu. longipalpis being the most abundant species at all study sites. Vector populations in these municipalities should be monitored, ultimately to assess the associations between environmental changes and sand fly population dynamics and leishmaniasis transmission risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlia Dos Santos Silva
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Vigilância Entomológica em Diptera e Hemiptera, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Av. Brasil, 4365, 21040-360, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | - Elizabeth Ferreira Rangel
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Vigilância Entomológica em Diptera e Hemiptera, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Av. Brasil, 4365, 21040-360, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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50
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Guimarães-e-Silva AS, Silva SDO, Ribeiro da Silva RC, Pinheiro VCS, Rebêlo JMM, Melo MN. Leishmania infection and blood food sources of phlebotomines in an area of Brazil endemic for visceral and tegumentary leishmaniasis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179052. [PMID: 28837565 PMCID: PMC5570267 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The aims of the study were to determine the blood feeding preferences of sandflies and to identify species of Leishmania that infected phlebotomines in Caxias, Maranhão, Brazil, an area that is highly endemic for leishmaniasis. Sandflies were captured in light traps located in the peridomiciliary environments of randomly selected houses in urban and rural settings between 1800 and 0600 hours on new moon days between March 2013 and February 2015. DNA extracts from 982 engorged female sandflies were submitted to fragment length polymorphism analysis to identify infecting species of Leishmania, and blood sources were identified for 778 of these specimens. Infection by Leishmania infantum was detected in Lutzomyia longipalpis, Lu. whitmani and Lu. termitophila; L. infantum/L. braziliensis in Lu. longipalpis, Lu. whitmani and Lu. trinidadensis; L. shawi in Lu. longipalpis; L. mexicana in Lu. longipalpis; L. braziliensis in Lu. longipalpis and Lu. whitmani; L. guyanensis in Lu. longipalpis and Lu. termitophila; L. amazonensis in Lu. longipalpis and L. lainsoni or L. naiffi in Lu. longipalpis, while Lu. longipalpis and Lu. trinidadensis were infected with unidentified Leishmania sp. Blood sources were identified in 573 individual phlebotomines and the preferred hosts were, in decreasing order, chicken, dog, rodent and human with lower preferences for pig, horse, opossum and cattle. Lu. longipalpis and Lu. whitmani performed mixed feeding on man, dog and rodent, while Lu. longipalpis was the most opportunistic species, feeding on the blood of all hosts surveyed, but preferably on dog/chicken, dog/rodent and rodent/chicken. Our findings reveal the concomitant circulation of Leishmania species that cause visceral leishmaniasis and tegumentary leishmaniasis in the study area, and explain the occurrence of autochthonous human cases of both clinical forms of leishmaniasis in Caxias, Maranhão. The results support our hypothesis that, in the municipality of Caxias, transmission of Leishmania occurs in close proximity to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antônia Suely Guimarães-e-Silva
- Centro de Estudos Superiores de Caxias, Laboratório de Entomologia Médica (LABEM), Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, Caxias, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Soraia de Oliveira Silva
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Laboratório de Biologia de Leishmania, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rosa Cristina Ribeiro da Silva
- Centro de Estudos Superiores de Caxias, Laboratório de Entomologia Médica (LABEM), Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, Caxias, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Valéria Cristina Soares Pinheiro
- Centro de Estudos Superiores de Caxias, Laboratório de Entomologia Médica (LABEM), Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, Caxias, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - José Manuel Macário Rebêlo
- Departamento de Biologia, Laboratório de Entomologia e Vetores, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Maria Norma Melo
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Laboratório de Biologia de Leishmania, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- * E-mail: ,
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