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Michalsky ÉM, de Oliveira Costa AC, Alonso C, de Oliveira Lara-Silva F, Pereira NCL, Pinheiro LC, de Marcos Neves DS, Fortes-Dias CL, Dias ES. Abundance of Leishmania (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae) vectors in Baldim, a municipality in the Espinhaço Range Biosphere Reserve in Brazil. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2024:tjae074. [PMID: 38902893 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjae074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a zoonoses caused by protozoan parasites belonging to the Leishmania genus that is transmitted to humans through the bite of previously infected phlebotomine sandflies (Diptera:Psychodidae:Phlebotominae). In Brazil, 2 types of leishmaniasis are endemic, tegumentary leishmaniasis (TL) and visceral leishmaniasis (VL). In Baldim, a municipality in the Espinhaço Range Biospere Reserve (ERBR), 5 autochthonous cases of TL, and one autochthonous case of VL were reported from 2017 to 2022. Owing to the lack of data on entomological fauna, we surveyed the occurrence and distribution of phlebotomine sandflies that could act as Leishmania vectors, as well as natural Leishmania infection. During 1 year, 918 sandfly specimens belonging to 12 species were collected. The predominant species was Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz & Neiva, 1912) (32.0%), a proven VL agent, followed by Evandromyia evandroi (Costa Lima & Antunes, 1936) (20.7%), Evandromyia cortelezzii (Brèthes, 1923) (17.0%), Nyssomyia whitmani (Antunes & Coutinho, 1939) (12.2%), and Nyssomyia intermedia (Lutz & Neiva, 1912) (10.5%), all putative or proven TL agents. Seasonal fluctuations and endo-exophilic behavior were delineated for the main phlebotomine sandflies. The population of Lu. longipalpis was higher during the coolest and driest months, although different profiles were noted for the other species. Natural Leishmania infection was not detected in any of the 197 phlebotomine sandfly females analyzed. The results were compared with those previously obtained in other municipalities belonging to the ERBR. The presence of Leishmania vectors and human cases of leishmaniasis indicate a risk of Leishmania transmission in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Érika Monteiro Michalsky
- Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratory of Leishmaniases (LALEI), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Caroline Alonso
- Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratory of Leishmaniases (LALEI), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Leticia Cavalari Pinheiro
- Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratory of Leishmaniases (LALEI), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Consuelo Latorre Fortes-Dias
- Diretoria de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento, Division of Science and Innovation, Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Fundação Ezequiel Dias, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Edelberto Santos Dias
- Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratory of Leishmaniases (LALEI), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Andrade DC, Lima AFVDA, Jeraldo VDLS, de Melo CM, Pinto MC, Madi RR. Phlebotominae Fauna (Diptera: Psychodidae) and the Spatial Distribution of Species in Sergipe, Brazil. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2023; 60:401-407. [PMID: 36462189 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjac180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Some sand fly species are the vectors responsible for the transmission of Leishmania spp. (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae), the etiological agent of leishmaniasis, and in the state of Sergipe, the two main forms of the disease (visceral and cutaneous) are recorded. Few works show information about the species that form the Phlebotominae fauna in Sergipe. This study aimed to update and determine how they are distributed throughout the state. The study used data from surveys about phlebotomines in Sergipe, from the Program of Surveillance and Control of Visceral Leishmaniasis, carried out by the Central Public Health Laboratory of Sergipe, from 2008 to 2018, along with review and original data from 2022. The commentary on this information was developed with focus on the species that can be vectors for the disease. Sergipe has, up to now, 27 registered species of phlebotomines from 12 genera, 15 of them are of sanitary relevance. Twenty two of these species are in the mesoregion East, 19 in the Agreste, and 11 in the Sertão of Sergipe. The species with the greatest distribution was Evandromyia lenti (Mangabeira, 1938), present in 74.6% of the municipalities of Sergipe, followed by Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz & Neiva, 1912), the main vector of the etiological agent of visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil, present in 68% of the municipalities studied. This study expands the number and distribution of species recorded in the state. This information can contribute to disease containment plans and support health education actions aimed at the control of leishmaniasis in Sergipe.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Campos Andrade
- Tiradentes University - UNIT, Post-Graduation Program in Health and Environment, Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, 49032-490, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Antônio Fernando Viana de Assis Lima
- State Health Secretariat of Sergipe, Central Laboratory of Public Health of Sergipe (LACEN-SE), Entomology Laboratory, R. Campo do Brito, 551 - Salgado Filho, 49020-590, Aracaju, Brazil
| | - Verónica de Lourdes Sierpe Jeraldo
- Tiradentes University - UNIT, Post-Graduation Program in Health and Environment, Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, 49032-490, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
- Research and Technology Institute - ITP, Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, 49032-490, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Moura de Melo
- Tiradentes University - UNIT, Post-Graduation Program in Health and Environment, Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, 49032-490, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
- Research and Technology Institute - ITP, Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, 49032-490, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Mara Cristina Pinto
- São Paulo State University, UNESP, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rodovia Araraquara Jaú, Km 01 - s/n, 14800-903, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rubens Riscala Madi
- Tiradentes University - UNIT, Post-Graduation Program in Health and Environment, Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, 49032-490, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
- Research and Technology Institute - ITP, Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, 49032-490, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
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Capucci DC, Campos AM, Soares JVR, Ramos VDV, Binder C, Lima MA, Margonari C, Andrade Filho JD. Ecology and natural infection of phlebotomine sand flies in different ecotopes and environments in the municipality of Pains, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Acta Trop 2023; 238:106789. [PMID: 36463952 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Phlebotomines (Diptera: Psychodidae) are vectors of protozoa of the genus Leishmania and distributed throughout Brazil, formerly restricted to rural areas, have expanded including to periurban and urban regions, been recorded in different habitats. This study aimed to understand the dynamics of sand flies in different ecotopes in the municipality of Pains. Sand flies were captured during thirty samplings using HP light traps installed in seven different ecotopes for two consecutive nights, once a month, from August 2018 to July 2019. A total of 1,352 sand flies were captured, representing 24 species belong to ten genera. Evandromyia edwardsi was the most abundant species, followed by Evandromyia lenti and Micropygomyia quinquefer. Leishmania DNA was detected in seven female sand flies in four ecotopes, for an infection rate of 0.9%. Sand flies were collected in all seven ecotopes, although forest (23.04%), cave (20.88%) and pasture (17.75%) had higher abundance and richness. Similarity was found among ecotopes, indicating that they are all important for the maintenance of the sand fly community. Spatial analysis indicated high densities of sand flies in areas with natural characteristics. All ecotopes in the municipality were evidenced to have an adequate and harmonious epidemiological profile for the transmission and expansion of leishmaniasis throughout the territory. Because of the increasing environmental changes and deforestation in the municipality, the risk of generating ecological imbalance and increased cases of leishmaniasis is imminent, which highlights the importance of developing preventive and control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora Cristina Capucci
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Instituto René Rachou (Fiocruz Minas), 30190-002, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Aldenise Martins Campos
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Instituto René Rachou (Fiocruz Minas), 30190-002, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - João Vítor Reis Soares
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Instituto René Rachou (Fiocruz Minas), 30190-002, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | | | - Camila Binder
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Instituto René Rachou (Fiocruz Minas), 30190-002, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Mariana Alves Lima
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Instituto René Rachou (Fiocruz Minas), 30190-002, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Carina Margonari
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Instituto René Rachou (Fiocruz Minas), 30190-002, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
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Carvalho GMDL, Silva DF, Xavier LDA, Soares JVR, Ramos VDV, Madureira AP, Lima MA, Tonelli GB, Paz GF, Rêgo FD, Andrade-Filho JD, Margonari C. Sand fly bioecological aspects and risk mapping of leishmaniasis by geographical information systems approach in a mineral exploration area of Brazil. Acta Trop 2022; 232:106491. [PMID: 35504313 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies of leishmaniasis in areas of great human influence and environmental change serve as important tools for the implementation of effective control plans. Mining is currently a major economic activity in Brazil with the municipality of Pains, in the state of Minas Gerais, being one of the main lime producing municipalities in the country. This study aimed to map areas of potential transmission risks within the municipality of Pains using an epidemiological approach in association with the ecological study of sand flies. Twelve samplings carried out between May 2015 and April 2016 collected a total of 12,728 sandflies, comprising 2,854 females (22.42%) and 9,874 males (77.58%), of 20 species belonging to ten genera. The most abundant species was Lutzomyia longipalpis (80%). Leishmania DNA was detected in seven pools of female sand flies with an infection rate of 0.37%. Geoprocessing and the use of maps revealed that vector sand flies are distributed throughout the urban area, as are cases of canine and human leishmaniasis. However, the greatest abundances of sand flies were at sampling points at the border of the urban area. Higher densities of sand flies and the presence of Leishmania DNA may be correlated with extensive degradation by limestone mining. Integrated and multidisciplinary research approaches are necessary to better understand how the impacts of environmental change influence these insect vectors of leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Danyele Franca Silva
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Instituto René Rachou (Fiocruz Minas), 30190-002, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Laura do Amaral Xavier
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Instituto René Rachou (Fiocruz Minas), 30190-002, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Joao Vítor Reis Soares
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Instituto René Rachou (Fiocruz Minas), 30190-002, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Paula Madureira
- DBTEC - Departamento de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, São João del-Rei 36307-352, Brazil
| | - Mariana Alves Lima
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Instituto René Rachou (Fiocruz Minas), 30190-002, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Barbosa Tonelli
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Instituto René Rachou (Fiocruz Minas), 30190-002, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Fontes Paz
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Instituto René Rachou (Fiocruz Minas), 30190-002, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Felipe Dutra Rêgo
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Instituto René Rachou (Fiocruz Minas), 30190-002, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Carina Margonari
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Instituto René Rachou (Fiocruz Minas), 30190-002, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Andrade do Rosário A, Dias-Lima AG, Lambert SM, Souza BMPDS, Bravo F. Identification and molecular characterization of Wolbachia strains and natural infection for Leishmania sp. in neotropical Phlebotominae (Diptera: Psychodidae) species, Leishmaniasis vectors. Acta Trop 2022; 235:106624. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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Impact of vector control actions in the abundance of Lutzomyia longipalpis in Montes Claros, Brazil. Acta Trop 2022; 228:106305. [PMID: 34998997 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is endemic to many states in Brazil. To prevent further expansion of the disease, the Brazilian Ministry of Health adopted integrated measures through the Program of Surveillance and Control of Visceral Leishmaniasis (PSCVL), whose actions include the diagnosis and euthanasia of seropositive dogs (the main domestic reservoirs), the use of residual insecticides, environmental management (EM) to control vector population (mainly Lutzomyia longipalpis phlebotomine), rigorous epidemiological surveillance, and health education. The present study was conducted in areas with recent moderate VL transmission to evaluate the efficacy of vector control activities. The systematic capture of phlebotomine was performed for three consecutive days per month, from August 2015 to July 2017. The number of specimens captured was taken as a representative of the monthly insect population. A total of 38,055 phlebotomine specimens were captured and identified at the species level. Lu. longipalpis was consistently found to be the predominant species (97.7%) each month. In the first year of the study, no intervention was performed. In the second year, two cycles of chemical spraying, EM, or a combination of both were performed before and after the rainy season. All interventions, either individually or in combination, reduced the abundance of Lu. longipalpis in the study area.
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Serra E Meira PCL, Abreu BL, de Almeida Zenóbio APL, de Castilho Sanguinette C, Rêgo FD, de Lima Carvalho GM, Saraiva L, Andrade Filho JD. Phlebotominae Fauna (Diptera: Psychodidae) and Molecular Detection of Leishmania (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae) in Urban Caves of Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 59:257-266. [PMID: 34532734 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjab156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Sand flies are often collected in urban areas, which has several implications for the risk of transmission of Leishmania Ross, 1903, to humans and other mammals. Given this scenario, we describe the sand fly fauna of caves and their surroundings in Mangabeiras Municipal Park (MMP) and Paredão Serra do Curral Park (PSCP), both located in the urban area of Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil, an endemic focus of visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis. Collections were conducted monthly from November 2011 to October 2012, using CDC light traps exposed for two consecutive nights in four caves and their surroundings. Nonsystematized collections using Shannon traps and active searches were also performed around the caves. The presence of Leishmania DNA in collected female sand flies was evaluated by ITS1-PCR. A total of 857 sand flies representing fourteen species were collected in MMP, of which Evandromyia edwardsi (Mangabeira, 1941) was the most abundant. Leishmania amazonensis was detected in Brumptomyia nitzulescui (Costa Lima, 1932) and Ev. edwardsi, with the latter also having Leishmania braziliensis, Leishmania infantum, and Leishmania sp. A total of 228 sand flies representing four species were collected in PSCP, of which Sciopemyia microps (Mangabeira, 1942) was the most abundant. No females from PSCP were positive for Leishmania-DNA. Studies aimed at describing sand fly faunas of cave environments and detecting Leishmania are essential to understanding the relationship between these insects and this ecotope and assessing and monitoring areas that may pose risks to the health of visitors and employees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Cavalcante Lamy Serra E Meira
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses-Instituto René Rachou-FIOCRUZ Minas, Avenida Augusto de Lima, 1715 Barro Preto, CEP 30190-002, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Bruna Lacerda Abreu
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses-Instituto René Rachou-FIOCRUZ Minas, Avenida Augusto de Lima, 1715 Barro Preto, CEP 30190-002, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Lusardo de Almeida Zenóbio
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses-Instituto René Rachou-FIOCRUZ Minas, Avenida Augusto de Lima, 1715 Barro Preto, CEP 30190-002, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Cristiani de Castilho Sanguinette
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses-Instituto René Rachou-FIOCRUZ Minas, Avenida Augusto de Lima, 1715 Barro Preto, CEP 30190-002, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Felipe Dutra Rêgo
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses-Instituto René Rachou-FIOCRUZ Minas, Avenida Augusto de Lima, 1715 Barro Preto, CEP 30190-002, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Mayr de Lima Carvalho
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses-Instituto René Rachou-FIOCRUZ Minas, Avenida Augusto de Lima, 1715 Barro Preto, CEP 30190-002, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lara Saraiva
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses-Instituto René Rachou-FIOCRUZ Minas, Avenida Augusto de Lima, 1715 Barro Preto, CEP 30190-002, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - José Dilermando Andrade Filho
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses-Instituto René Rachou-FIOCRUZ Minas, Avenida Augusto de Lima, 1715 Barro Preto, CEP 30190-002, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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CARREIRA-ALVES JOÃORICARDO, VILELA MAURICIOL, SANTOS-MALLET JACENIRRDOS. Sandfly Fauna (Diptera: Psychodidae, Phlebotominae) of São José Farm, Carmo District, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202220200376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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ROSA JUANR, MOYA SOFÍAL, SZELAG ENRIQUEA, QUINTANA MARÍAG, SALOMÓN OSCARD. Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis in Migonemyia migonei and Cortelezzii complex (Diptera: Phlebotominae) from Chaco, Argentina. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202220200396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - SOFÍA L. MOYA
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Tropical - ANLIS “Dr. Carlos G Malbrán, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas - CONICET, Argentina
| | | | - MARÍA G. QUINTANA
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Tropical - ANLIS “Dr. Carlos G Malbrán, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas - CONICET, Argentina; Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - OSCAR D. SALOMÓN
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas - CONICET, Argentina
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Tonelli GB, Binder C, Margonari C, Andrade Filho JD. Sand fly behavior: much more than weak-flying. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2021; 116:e210230. [PMID: 34816885 PMCID: PMC8672444 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760210230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leishmaniases are diseases transmitted by some species of sand flies and are widely distributed throughout the tropical regions of the planet. Despite the low mobility of these vectors, the geographical distributions of some species are quite extensive, which hinders control and surveillance measures in endemic areas. OBJECTIVES The present study investigated the flying capacity of sand flies. METHODS Four Hoover Penido (HP)-type light traps were positioned in the centre of the Velhas' River, about 80 metres equidistant from each other. We also realised capture/release/recapture attempts to assess possible capacity of phlebotomine fly uninterrupted up to 150 metres. Captured sand flies from one side of the river were marked using fluorescent powder (Luminous Paint kit, Bioquip®) and released on the other side, approximately 150 m distant. Recapture attempts were made on river's bank up to 30 days post-release. FINDINGS Six sand flies of the species Nyssomyia neivai (n = 4), Ny. intermedia (n = 1) and Evandromyia lenti (n = 1) were captured in the centre of the river. There were no recaptures of the 1,450 marked-and-released sand flies. MAIN CONCLUSIONS The results obtained disagree with data found in the literature regarding the flight capacity of sand fly vectors of leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Barbosa Tonelli
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto René Rachou, Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Camila Binder
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto René Rachou, Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Carina Margonari
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto René Rachou, Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
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Estallo EL, Santana M, Martín ME, Galindo LM, Willener JA, Kuruc JA, Stein M. Environmental effects on phlebotominae sand flies (Diptera:Phychodidae) and implications for sand fly vector disease transmission in Corrientes city, northern Argentina. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2021; 93:e20191278. [PMID: 34730738 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202120191278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated species richness, abundance, alpha diversity, and true diversity of Phlebotominae sand flies temporal changes in domiciles within the northern Argentina city of Corrientes. A total of 16 sampling nights were conducted seasonally throughout the years 2012-2014 through light traps supplemented with CO2. Meteorological and remote sensing environmental factors were used to assessed for vectors implications in disease transmission through Generalized Mixt Models. Lutzomyia longipalpis was the most abundant and common species, followed by Nyssomyia neivai and Migonemyia migonei. Lutzomyia longipalpis was more abundant in urban areas, Ny. neivai was associated with vegetation in periurban areas, both were found all sampling years with higher abundance during the rainy season. Positive association of Lu. longipalpis with precipitation and relative humidity and negative association with temperature were observed. Models showed humidity and vegetation as making effects on Lu. longipalpis abundance. Precipitation was significant for Mg. migonei models, with higher abundance in periurban and periurban-rural environments. For Ny. neivai models, relative humidity was the most important variable, followed by precipitation frequency. Our findings led to identify high risk areas and develop predictive models. These are useful for public health stakeholders giving tolls to optimized resources aim to prevent leshmaniasis transmission on the area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabet L Estallo
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, CP: C1425FQB, CABA, Argentina.,Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas (IIBYT), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, CONICET, Centro de Investigaciones Entomológicas de Córdoba (CIEC), FCEFyN, Av. Vélez Sarsfield 1611, CP: X5016GCA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Mirta Santana
- Cátedra de Bioestadística, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Lamadrid 875, CP 4000 San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Mía E Martín
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas (IIBYT), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, CONICET, Centro de Investigaciones Entomológicas de Córdoba (CIEC), FCEFyN, Av. Vélez Sarsfield 1611, CP: X5016GCA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Liliana M Galindo
- Cátedra de Bioestadística, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Lamadrid 875, CP 4000 San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Juana A Willener
- Instituto de Medicina Regional, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Avda. Las Heras 727, CP 3500 Resistencia, Chaco, Argentina
| | - Jorge A Kuruc
- Base Nacional de Control de Vectores Corrientes, Secretaría de Salud de la Nación, Rivadavia 1245, CP 3400, Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Marina Stein
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, CP: C1425FQB, CABA, Argentina.,Instituto de Medicina Regional, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Avda. Las Heras 727, CP 3500 Resistencia, Chaco, Argentina.,Base Nacional de Control de Vectores Corrientes, Secretaría de Salud de la Nación, Rivadavia 1245, CP 3400, Corrientes, Argentina
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Development of an Amplicon-Based Next-Generation Sequencing Protocol to Identify Leishmania Species and Other Trypanosomatids in Leishmaniasis Endemic Areas. Microbiol Spectr 2021; 9:e0065221. [PMID: 34643453 PMCID: PMC8515931 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00652-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Trypanosomatid infections are an important public health threat affecting many low-income countries across the tropics, particularly in the Americas. Trypanosomatids can infect many vertebrate, invertebrate, and plant species and play an important role as human pathogens. Among these clinically relevant pathogens are species from the genera Leishmania and Trypanosoma. Mixed trypanosomatid infections remain a largely unexplored phenomenon. Herein, we describe the application of an amplicon-based next-generation sequencing (NGS) assay to detect and identify trypanosomatid species in mammalian reservoirs, human patients, and sand fly vectors throughout regions of Leishmania endemicity. Sixty-five samples from different departments of Colombia, including two samples from Venezuela, were analyzed: 49 samples from cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) patients, 8 from sand flies, 2 from domestic reservoirs (Canis familiaris), and 6 from wild reservoirs (Phyllostomus hastatus). DNA from each sample served to identify the presence of trypanosomatids through conventional PCR using heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) gene as the target. PCR products underwent sequencing by Sanger sequencing and NGS, and trypanosomatid species were identified by using BLASTn against a reference database built from trypanosomatid-derived HSP70 sequences. The alpha and beta diversity indexes of amplicon sequence variants were calculated for each group. The results revealed the presence of mixed infections with more than two Leishmania species in 34% of CL samples analyzed. Trypanosoma cruzi was identified in samples from wild reservoirs, as well as in sand fly vectors. Coinfection events with three different Leishmania species were identified in domestic reservoirs. These findings depose the traditional paradigm of leishmaniasis as being a single-species-driven infection and redraw the choreography of host-pathogen interaction in the context of multiparasitism. Further research is needed to decipher how coinfections may influence disease progression. This knowledge is key to developing an integrated approach for diagnosis and treatment. IMPORTANCE Traditionally, there has been a frequent, yet incorrect assumption that phlebotomine vectors, animal reservoirs, and human hosts are susceptible to Leishmania infection by a single parasite species. However, current evidence supports that these new vector-parasite-reservoir associations lend vectors and reservoirs greater permissiveness to certain Leishmania species, thus promoting the appearance of coinfection events, particularly in disease-endemic regions. The present study describes the application of an amplicon-based next-generation sequencing (NGS) assay to detect and identify trypanosomatid species in mammalian reservoirs, human patients, and sand fly vectors from regions of endemicity for leishmaniasis. This changes our understanding of the clinical course of leishmaniasis in areas of endemicity.
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Tonelli GB, Binder C, Nogueira VLC, Prado MH, Theobaldo GG, Campos AM, de Souza CM, Andrade Filho JD. The sand fly (Diptera: Psychodidae) fauna of the urban area of Lassance, Northeast Minas Gerais, Brazil. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257043. [PMID: 34644289 PMCID: PMC8513856 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to check the sand flies' fauna on the municipality of Lassance, Minas Gerais, Brazil and detect the presence of Leishmania DNA on the female captured and determine the risk areas of the municipality. Sand flies were collected monthly from May 2018 to April 2019 using automatic light traps for 3 consecutive nights. Eight houses were selected as sample points due its previous reports of tegumentary leishmaniasis and/or canine leishmaniasis. The sand fly's fauna found on the present study it's represented by several medical importance species and the most abundant species found were Lutzomyia longipalpis (77.09%) and Nyssomyia intermedia (10.06%). Leishmania infantum DNA was detected in a pool of Lu. longipalpis resulting on a 2.81% of infection rate. By the frequency of the two most abundant species on this study, we developed a risk area map and it draws attention to sample point 6 due to disparate abundance of sand flies at this site (81.81%). Statistical overview shows Lu. longipalpis as dominant species and, still, Non-Metric Multidimensional Scaling analysis reveal high similarity on fauna's diversity on the study area. Our findings suggest that the diversity of sand flies from the municipality of Lassance may promote the circulation of Leishmania infantum parasites putting in risk the habitants and other mammal's species. Still, our study reinforces the necessity of specific studies focused on breed sites of phlebotomine and its' ecology to expand the knowledge about the behaviour of this group of insects applying directly to leishmaniases' epidemiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Barbosa Tonelli
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses – Instituto René Rachou – FIOCRUZ Minas – Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Camila Binder
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses – Instituto René Rachou – FIOCRUZ Minas – Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | | | - Marina Henriques Prado
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses – Instituto René Rachou – FIOCRUZ Minas – Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Gabriela Gonçalves Theobaldo
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses – Instituto René Rachou – FIOCRUZ Minas – Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Aldenise Martins Campos
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses – Instituto René Rachou – FIOCRUZ Minas – Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Carina Margonari de Souza
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses – Instituto René Rachou – FIOCRUZ Minas – Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - José Dilermando Andrade Filho
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses – Instituto René Rachou – FIOCRUZ Minas – Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
- * E-mail:
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Lima-Junior MSDC, de Almeida PS, da Silva JO, da Silva RA, Faccenda O, de Aquino Coelho DVBS, Costa GB, de Souza AR, Fernandes MG, Neitzke-Abreu HC. Sand Fly Fauna, Spatial Distribution of Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera: Psychodidae), and Climate Factors in Dourados, Brazil. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 58:1952-1957. [PMID: 33724346 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjab022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Studies of the geographic distribution of sand flies and the factors associated with their occurrence are necessary to understand the risk of leishmaniasis transmission. The objective of this study was to characterize the sand fly fauna, particularly the spatial distribution of Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz & Neiva), and correlate these with climate factors in the Dourados municipality, Brazil. The collection of sand flies was carried out with CDC Light Traps over two periods: at six sites for three consecutive nights each month from August 2012 to July 2013; and at four other sites for two consecutive nights each month from April 2017 to February 2018. We collected 591 sand flies in the first period and 121 in the second period for a total of 712 sand flies; 697 of the total collected were Lu. longipalpis. The minimum and maximum sand fly infestation rate (sites with vector presence) was 11.1% and 83.33% in the first period, and 0% and 50.0% in the second period. No sand flies with Leishmania were identified via PCR. Lu. longipalpis presented an aggregate disposition with excellent adjustment. Rainfall and relative humidity were the abiotic factors that influenced the vector infestation level. The aggregate distribution for this species was predicted by the environmental factors that favor the proliferation of Lu. longipalpis. The results of this study should assist in devising measures to control sand flies in Dourados, Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paulo Silva de Almeida
- Laboratório Regional de Entomologia, Núcleo Regional de Saúde, Secretaria de Estado de Saúde, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - José Oliveira da Silva
- Laboratório Regional de Entomologia, Núcleo Regional de Saúde, Secretaria de Estado de Saúde, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Rosana Alexandre da Silva
- Laboratório Regional de Entomologia, Núcleo Regional de Saúde, Secretaria de Estado de Saúde, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Odival Faccenda
- Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Gabriel Barbosa Costa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Agruslávia Rezende de Souza
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Marcos Gino Fernandes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Entomologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Herintha Coeto Neitzke-Abreu
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
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Silva MDD, Galvis-Ovallos F, Casanova C, Silva VGD, Leonel JAF, Oliveira TMFDS, Galati EAB. Natural infection of Lutzomyia longipalpis (Cembrene-1 population) with Leishmania infantum in a new visceral leishmaniasis focus in the eastern region of São Paulo State, Brazil. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2021; 54:e05862020. [PMID: 33656152 PMCID: PMC8008849 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0586-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) transmission has been associated with two different populations of the Lutzomyia longipalpis complex in São Paulo state. METHODS In a recent focus of VL, we captured and dissected sand flies and investigated Leishmania infantum infection by parasitological, PCR, and sequencing analysis. RESULTS Flagellates were observed in 2 of 47 (4.2%) cembrene-1 Lu. longipalpis females. The sequences obtained matched those of Le. infantum. CONCLUSIONS We found that the transmission of Le. infantum by cembrene-1 females may occur at a high rate in this focus of VL and presented new data on the vector capacity of this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Dantas da Silva
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Pública, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Fredy Galvis-Ovallos
- Universidade São Paulo, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Departamento de Epidemiologia, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Claudio Casanova
- Secretaria de Estado da Saúde, Superintendência de Controle de Endemias, Mogi Guaçu, SP, Brasil
| | - Vanessa Gusmon da Silva
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Pública, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - João Augusto Franco Leonel
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Epidemiologia Experimental Aplicado a Zoonoses, Pirassununga, SP, Brasil
| | - Trícia Maria Ferreira de Sousa Oliveira
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Epidemiologia Experimental Aplicado a Zoonoses, Pirassununga, SP, Brasil
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16
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Diversity of phlebotomine sand flies and molecular detection of trypanosomatids in Brumadinho, Minas Gerais, Brazil. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234445. [PMID: 32579586 PMCID: PMC7314019 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to describe the sand fly fauna and detect trypanosomatids in these insects from Casa Branca, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, an endemic area of both visceral (VL) and tegumentary leishmaniasis (TL). Sand flies were collected bimonthly from May 2013 to July 2014, using automatic light traps exposed for three consecutive nights in peridomiciliary areas of nine houses with previous reports of VL and TL. ITS1-PCR and DNA sequencing were performed for trypanosomatids identification. A total of 16,771 sand flies were collected belonging to 23 species. The most abundant species was Nyssomyia whitmani (Antunes & Coutinho, 1939) (70.9%), followed by Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz & Neiva, 1912) (15.2%) and Migonemyia migonei (França, 1920) (9.1%). Leishmania amazonensis DNA was detected in Ny. whitmani (four pools) and Le. braziliensis DNA was detected in Psychodopygus lloydi (one pool). In seven pools of Ny. whitmani and in one pool of Lu. longipalpis positive for Leishmania DNA, the parasite species was not determined due to the low quality of the sequences. Moreover, DNA of Herpetomonas spp. was detected in Ny. whitmani (two pools) and Cortelezzii complex (one pool). DNA of Crithidia spp. was detected in Ny. whitmani and Ps. lloydi (both one pool). Our results suggest that Ny. whitmani may be involved in the transmission of Le. amazonensis in the study area. The molecular detection of Le. amazonensis suggests the presence of this species in a sylvatic cycle between vertebrate and invertebrate hosts in the region of Casa Branca. Our data also reveal the occurrence of other non-Leishmania trypanosomatids in sand flies in Casa Branca District.
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Rêgo FD, de Oliveira MA, Carvalho GMDL, Andrade Filho JD. Biodiversity of Hematophagous Diptera (Culicidae and Psychodidae) in a Small Hydroelectric Power Station and Surrounding Area in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 57:312-317. [PMID: 31502639 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjz144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Hydroelectric power stations may affect the population dynamics of mosquitoes and sand flies, a group with impact on public health due to the possibility to transmit pathogens to humans. This work characterized and compared the fauna of mosquitoes and sand flies in a hydroelectric power station and peridomicile areas in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Insect collections were performed in August 2015 at dry season and February 2016 in rainy season. Ten HP light traps were set at each of two sites for three consecutive days in each of two seasons (dry and rainy). Furthermore, collections with Shannon traps were made in each sampling area (hydropower plant and peridomicile area) from 4:00 p.m. being shut down at 8:00 p.m. for two consecutive days in each of two seasons (dry and rainy). In total, 1,222 insects from 13 genera and 27 species were collected. The most plentiful species were respectively Culex declarator (Dyar and Knab, 1906) and Pintomyia pessoai (Coutinho & Barretto, 1940). A high number of insects (78.5%) were collected during the rainy period (P < 0.05). About equitability, statistical significance was observed in the peridomicile area (dry season J = 0.75 and rainy season J = 0.82). The highest values of species diversity were observed in the hydropower plant (H = 2.68) and peridomicile area (H = 2.38) both in the rainy season with statistical significance comparing with dry season. Our results demonstrate that the occurrence of vector species in this region increases the potential risk of transmission of pathogens, especially arbovirus and Leishmania Ross, 1903.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Dutra Rêgo
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Av. Augusto de Lima, Barro Preto, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Maria Angélica de Oliveira
- Coleção de Mosquitos Neotropicais, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Av. Augusto de Lima, Barro Preto, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Gustavo Mayr de Lima Carvalho
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Av. Augusto de Lima, Barro Preto, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - José Dilermando Andrade Filho
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Av. Augusto de Lima, Barro Preto, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
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18
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Lopes JV, Michalsky EM, Pereira NCL, de Paula AJV, Lara-Silva FO, Silva-Lana R, Fortes-Dias CL, Pinheiro LC, Dias ES. Entomological Studies in Itaúna, Brazil, an Area With Visceral Leishmaniasis Transmission: Fauna Survey, Natural Leishmania Infection, and Molecular Characterization of the Species Circulating in Phlebotomine Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae). JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2019; 56:1368-1376. [PMID: 31121044 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjz061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Among neglected tropical diseases, visceral leishmaniasis (VL) shows great relevance in global terms and is a serious public health concern due to the possibility of severe and lethal forms in humans. In this study, we evaluate entomological factors such as diversity and abundance of phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera:Psychodidae) and the Leishmania species circulating in these species in possible association with VL transmission in the Brazilian town Itaúna. The entomological collections were performed during three consecutive nights, always in the third week of each month, within a period of 12 mo. A total of 1,786 sand fly specimens were collected, from which 20% were collected inside houses. The influence of three local climatic variables (temperature, rainfall, relative humidity) on the population sizes of these insects was evaluated. Temperature was the most influential factor, with a significant positive correlation with the local population size of phlebotomine sand flies collected per month. Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz & Neiva, 1912) was the predominant species in the study area. Leishmania DNA was detected in nine out of 133 pools of sand fly females, using nested/PCR, which resulted in a minimal natural infection rate of 2.91%. DNA from Leishmania infantum Nicolle, 1908 (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatida), was detected in Evandromyia cortelezzii (Bréthes, 1923), Ev. evandroi (Costa, Lima & Antunes, 1936), Ev. lenti (Mangabeira, 1938), and Ev. termitophila (Martins, Falcão & Silva, 1964), besides Lu. longipalpis. Our study indicates favorable conditions for VL spreading in Itaúna due to the presence of Lu. longipalpis and Le. infantum-infected phlebotomine sand flies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josiane V Lopes
- Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Augusto de Lima, Barro Preto, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Erika M Michalsky
- Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Augusto de Lima, Barro Preto, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Nathalia C L Pereira
- Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Augusto de Lima, Barro Preto, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Adão J V de Paula
- Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Augusto de Lima, Barro Preto, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Fabiana O Lara-Silva
- Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Augusto de Lima, Barro Preto, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Rosana Silva-Lana
- Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Augusto de Lima, Barro Preto, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Consuelo L Fortes-Dias
- Fundação Ezequiel Dias - Rua Conde Pereira Carneiro 80 Gameleira, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Leticia C Pinheiro
- Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Augusto de Lima, Barro Preto, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Edelberto S Dias
- Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Augusto de Lima, Barro Preto, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
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Rêgo FD, Souza GD, Dornelles LFP, Andrade Filho JD. Ecology and Molecular Detection of Leishmania infantum Nicolle, 1908 (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatida) in Wild-Caught Sand Flies (Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) Collected in Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul: A New Focus of Visceral Leishmaniasis in Brazil. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2019; 56:519-525. [PMID: 30321358 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjy175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Phlebotomine sand flies are hematophagous insect vectors of the protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania Ross, 1903 (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatida) that infect mammals, including humans, causing leishmaniasis. In Porto Alegre, Brazil, three autochthonous cases of human visceral leishmaniasis were reported in 2016 through 2017. We analyzed for the presence of Leishmania DNA in sand flies collected at the neighborhood of Agronomia, Porto Alegre, Brazil. Phlebotomine sand flies were collected at three sites from October 2014 to September 2015. Female sand flies were pooled in numbers from 1 to 20 depending upon species, locality, and date; all were screened for Leishmania infection by the amplification of the ITS1 region. In total 518 phlebotomine sand flies were collected: Psathyromyia lanei (Barretto and Coutinho, 1941) (Diptera: Psychodidae) (30.5%), Brumptomyia sp. (França and Parrrot, 1921) (Diptera: Psychodidae) (25.7%), Migonemyia migonei (Franca, 1920) (Diptera: Psychodidae) (21.4%), Pintomyia fischeri (Pinto, 1926) (Diptera: Psychodidae) (21.4%), and Nyssomyia neivai (Pinto, 1926) (Diptera: Psychodidae) (1.0%). Most sand flies were collected during the hot and rainy season from October 2014 to April 2015. Of the 113 pools analyzed, five pools of Pi. fischeri were PCR-positive with the amplicons possessing sequences similar (>95%) to that of Leishmania infantum Nicolle, 1908 (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatida). These results represent the first molecular detection of Le. infantum in Pi. fischeri. It is possible that Pi. fischeri is involved in the transmission cycle of Le. infantum in the studied area; however, further studies are needed to establish the true role of Pi. fischeri in the visceral leismaniasis cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Dutra Rêgo
- Grupo de Estudo em Leishmanioses, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Getúlio Dornelles Souza
- Núcleo de Flebotomíneos, Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública do Rio Grande do Sul, Secretaria de Saúde do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Núcleo de Vigilância de Roedores e Vetores, Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - José Dilermando Andrade Filho
- Grupo de Estudo em Leishmanioses, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Marcondes M, Day MJ. Current status and management of canine leishmaniasis in Latin America. Res Vet Sci 2019; 123:261-272. [PMID: 30708238 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2019.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Latin America encompasses diverse geographical, cultural and socio-economic conditions, which are reflected in the challenges for infectious disease control in the region. One of the most significant regional infectious diseases for humans and domestic dogs is leishmaniasis, occurring as visceral leishmaniasis (VL) caused by Leishmania infantum (syn. L. chagasi) transmitted by sand flies (Lutzomyia longipalpis) and with a canine reservoir, and the more common cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) involving multiple Leishmania spp. (particularly L. braziliensis), sand fly vectors and reservoir hosts. VL is spreading within Latin America for reasons related to mass migration of human and canine populations, with incursion into novel environments (e.g. related to deforestation) coupled with a background of poverty and poor public health infrastructure. The challenges for control of VL also include: (1) the accurate identification of infected dogs (particularly subclinically infected dogs) with the current reliance on serological rather than molecular diagnostic methods, (2) controversy surrounding the ethics and efficacy of culling of seropositive dogs, (3) the limited efficacy of currently available canine vaccines and their potential to interfere with interpretation of serological testing, (4) the expense associated with distribution of insecticidal dog collars, which may prove to be the most valuable control method, and (5) the cost and therefore accessibility of licensed medical treatment for canine leishmaniasis by the general population. Resolution of these isssues will necessitate a 'One Health' approach to co-ordination of resources between human and veterinary healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Marcondes
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Veterinary Medicine, Araçatuba, 16050-680 Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Michael J Day
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia
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21
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Rabbit trypanosome detection in Phlebotomus perniciosus sand flies from the leishmaniasis outbreak in Madrid, Spain. Acta Trop 2018; 187:201-206. [PMID: 30107150 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Phlebotomine sand flies are known vectors of several pathogens. In Spain, Phlebotomus perniciosus and Phlebotomus ariasi are the proven vectors of Leishmania infantum. Since 2010 a human leishmaniasis outbreak has been notified in Madrid region, central Spain. Studies have shown that P. perniciosus is the only vector confirmed in the focus area and that rabbits and hares are the wild reservoirs incriminated in the cycle of the parasite in the outbreak. Trypanosoma nabiasi is a trypanosomatid found in wild rabbits and its presence has been reported in wild rabbits from southern Spain. Moreover, co-infection with L. infantum was found in some of these animals. However, in Madrid region, there is no information about the transmission of this trypanosome in rabbits. Hence, in this study we investigate if T. nabiasi could be circulating in the aforementioned leishmaniasis focus. Wild P. perniciosus female sand flies were captured in the affected area and analyzed using molecular methods. T. nabiasi DNA was detected in 20 out of 155 female sand flies fed on rabbits by amplification and subsequent sequencing of ITS1 and SSU rRNA fragments. Therefore, we describe for the first time the presence of T. nabiasi and its co-infection with L. infantum in P. perniciosus female sand flies. More investigation is needed in order to elucidate the role of P. perniciosus in the transmission of T. nabiasi among rabbits and its potential consequences.
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Santos BAD, Reinhold-Castro KR, Conter CC, Neitzke-Abreu HC, Cristóvão EC, Silveira TG, Teodoro U. Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction for Detection of Leishmania Sp. in Sandflies of the Paraná River Islands, Southern Brazil. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2018; 18:570-574. [DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2017.2225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara A. dos Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Kárin R. Reinhold-Castro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Carolina C. Conter
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | | | - Edilson C. Cristóvão
- Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Porto Rico, Núcleo de Entomologia, Porto Rico, Brazil
| | - Thaís G.V. Silveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Biomedicina, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Ueslei Teodoro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
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Pereira-Filho AA, Fonteles RS, Bandeira MDCA, Moraes JLP, Rebêlo JMM, Melo MN. Molecular Identification of Leishmania spp. in Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) in the Lençóis Maranhenses National Park, Brazil. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2018; 55:989-994. [PMID: 29471500 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjy014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Sand flies are very common in the region of Lençóis Maranhenses National Park, an important tourist attraction in Brazil. However, the role of some species and their relative importance locally in Leishmania Ross 1903 transmission is unclear. The objective of this study was to identify Leishmania infection in phlebotomine sand flies collected around the Lençóis Maranhenses National Park, an important conservation area and popular international/national tourist destination with a high incidence of leishmaniasis. Sand flies were collected in peridomiciliary areas on the tourist route from September 2012 to August 2013. The captured females were subjected to molecular analyses for the detection of Leishmania DNA. Sand flies were infected with four Leishmania species: Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis (Vianna, 1911) was found in Lutzomyia whitmani (Antunes and Coutinho, 1939) (2.1%) and Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz and Neiva, 1912) (1.7%); Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum (Nicole, 1908) infected Lutzomyia wellcomei (Fraiha, Shaw, and Lainson, 1971) (20%), Lutzomyia sordellii (Shannon and Del Ponte, 1927) (4.3%), Lu. longipalpis (3.7%), and Lu. whitmani (0.8%); Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis (Lainson & Shaw, 1972) was found in Lu. whitmani (0.58%), while Leishmania (Viannia) lainsoni infected Lutzomyia evandroi (Costa Lima and Antunes, 1936) (3.4%), Lu. longipalpis (1.06%), and Lu. whitmani (0.29%). The occurrence of these parasites requires control measures to reduce the incidence of cutaneous leishmaniasis and to contain a possible epidemic of visceral leishmaniasis, the most severe form of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adalberto Alves Pereira-Filho
- Programa de Pós- Graduação em Parasitologia, Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Raquel Silva Fonteles
- Laboratório de Entomologia e Vetores, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, Brasil
| | | | - Jorge Luiz Pinto Moraes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia da Rede Bionorte, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, Brasil
| | - José Manuel Macário Rebêlo
- Laboratório de Entomologia e Vetores, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia da Rede Bionorte, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, Brasil
| | - Maria Norma Melo
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brasil
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Szelag EA, Rosa JR, Quintana MG, Salomon OD. Temporal distribution of, and effect of anthropic modifications on, phlebotomine populations in the Chaco Bioregion, Argentina. MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY 2018; 32:206-215. [PMID: 29205412 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Migonemyia migonei is the predominant species in the dry ecoregion and Nyssomyia neivai in the humid region, although co-dominance in humid highly modified areas could be observed. Vector abundance seems to be modulated by environmental anthropization, as the abundance and predominance of Ny. neiviai and Mg. migonei increased in highly modified areas. In Humid Chaco, the risk of human-vector contact would be present throughout the year, being particularly high in spring/summer, and in Dry Chaco, the risk would be restricted to temperate and humid months.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Szelag
- Instituto de Medicina Regional, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Resistencia, Chaco, Argentina
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Tropical, Ministerio de Salud, Puerto Iguazú, Misiones, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), CABA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J R Rosa
- Instituto de Medicina Regional, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Resistencia, Chaco, Argentina
| | - M G Quintana
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Tropical, Ministerio de Salud, Puerto Iguazú, Misiones, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), CABA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto Superior de Entomología "Dr. Abraham Willink", Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - O D Salomon
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Tropical, Ministerio de Salud, Puerto Iguazú, Misiones, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), CABA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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dos Santos Brighente KB, Cutolo AA, Motoie G, da Silva Meira-Strejevitch C, Pereira-Chioccola VL. Molecular detection of Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum in phlebotomine sandflies from a visceral leishmaniasis endemic area in northwestern of São Paulo State, Brazil. Acta Trop 2018; 181:1-5. [PMID: 29373820 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This study identified the natural infection rate of Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum in Lutzomyia longipalpis sandflies collected in a neighborhood around a kennel, in Dracena, northwestern of São Paulo state. This region is highly endemic for visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil. Insects were captured during 2-3 nights monthly for 11 months (January-November 2012) using 10 automatic light traps around a kennel in a transition between periurban and urban neighborhood. Capture aimed the determination of the minimal infection rate (MIR) on the area. A total of 1690 Lu. longipalpis were captured during the studied period. Out of them, 292 (17.25%) were females and were grouped in 165 pools containing 1 to five insects for DNA extraction and PCR analysis. Positive results for L. (L) infantum in conventional PCR and real time PCR were shown in 7.28% (12/165) and 4.85% (8/165) of the analysis respectively. These data confirm that Lu. longipalpis captured in the study area were infected by L. (L.) infantum. The MIR of sandflies during the 11 months of captures was 4.10% for female the total of 292 female sandflies collected. A high DNA concentration of L. (L.) infantum was detected on sandflies especially in kennel, chicken coop and neighboring houses, where higher abundance of hosts for blood source were present.
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Fonteles RS, Pereira Filho AA, Moraes JLP, Pereira SRF, Rodrigues BL, Rebêlo JMM. Detection of Leishmania DNA and Blood Meal Identification in Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) From Lençois Maranhenses National Park Region, Brazil. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2018; 55:445-451. [PMID: 29281057 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjx230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
To elucidate portions of the transmission cycles of American tegumentary leishmaniasis (TL) and visceral leishmaniasis (VL) occurring in the region surrounding the Lençóis Maranhenses National Park, an important tourist center in Brazil, the present study objectives were to determine the rate of natural infection by Leishmania spp. and the blood meal in caught sand flies species in the region. Sand flies were captured over 36 mo in 62 locations of the municipality of Barreirinhas, Maranhão with notifications of disease incidence. Species identification of parasites was performed with internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) PCR-RFLP using HaeIII enzyme. Blood meal identification was performed with cytochrome b (cytb) gene PCR-RFLP using HaeIII and MboI enzyme. The species Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz and Neiva 1912) presented a positivity rate of 3.7% for Leishmania infantum. Species not considered vectors of this parasite such as Lu. lenti (Mangabeira 1938) and Lu. whitmani (Antunes & Coutinho 1939) showed infection rates of 0.6% and 0.9%, respectively. Among the vectors of Leishmania spp. was Lu. whitmani with detection rate of 0.3% for Le. braziliensis and Lu. flaviscutellata (Mangabeira 1942) with a detection rate of 8% for Le. amazonensis. After restriction of amplification product encoding a 359bp sequence of the cytb recognized in as follows: pigs (37.9%); dogs (27.4%); chickens (20.9%); horses (9%), rodents (3.3%), and humans (1.4%). The presence of Leishmania DNA in sand flies fed with human blood and domestic animals in villages with transmission of VL and TL suggests that transmission could be occurring in the locations of the infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Silva Fonteles
- Laboratório de Entomologia e Vetores, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Avenida dos Portugueses, Maranhão, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia da Rede Bionorte, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Avenida dos Portugueses, Maranhão, Brasil
| | | | - Jorge Luiz Pinto Moraes
- Laboratório de Entomologia e Vetores, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Avenida dos Portugueses, Maranhão, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia da Rede Bionorte, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Avenida dos Portugueses, Maranhão, Brasil
| | - Silma Regina Ferreira Pereira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia da Rede Bionorte, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Avenida dos Portugueses, Maranhão, Brasil
- Laboratório de Genética, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Avenida dos Portugueses, Maranhão, Brasil
| | - Bruno Leite Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Entomologia e Vetores, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Avenida dos Portugueses, Maranhão, Brasil
- Laboratório de Genética, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Avenida dos Portugueses, Maranhão, Brasil
| | - José Manuel Macário Rebêlo
- Laboratório de Entomologia e Vetores, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Avenida dos Portugueses, Maranhão, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia da Rede Bionorte, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Avenida dos Portugueses, Maranhão, Brasil
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Guimarães-e-Silva AS, Silva SDO, Ribeiro da Silva RC, Pinheiro VCS, Rebêlo JMM, Melo MN. Leishmania infection and blood food sources of phlebotomines in an area of Brazil endemic for visceral and tegumentary leishmaniasis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179052. [PMID: 28837565 PMCID: PMC5570267 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The aims of the study were to determine the blood feeding preferences of sandflies and to identify species of Leishmania that infected phlebotomines in Caxias, Maranhão, Brazil, an area that is highly endemic for leishmaniasis. Sandflies were captured in light traps located in the peridomiciliary environments of randomly selected houses in urban and rural settings between 1800 and 0600 hours on new moon days between March 2013 and February 2015. DNA extracts from 982 engorged female sandflies were submitted to fragment length polymorphism analysis to identify infecting species of Leishmania, and blood sources were identified for 778 of these specimens. Infection by Leishmania infantum was detected in Lutzomyia longipalpis, Lu. whitmani and Lu. termitophila; L. infantum/L. braziliensis in Lu. longipalpis, Lu. whitmani and Lu. trinidadensis; L. shawi in Lu. longipalpis; L. mexicana in Lu. longipalpis; L. braziliensis in Lu. longipalpis and Lu. whitmani; L. guyanensis in Lu. longipalpis and Lu. termitophila; L. amazonensis in Lu. longipalpis and L. lainsoni or L. naiffi in Lu. longipalpis, while Lu. longipalpis and Lu. trinidadensis were infected with unidentified Leishmania sp. Blood sources were identified in 573 individual phlebotomines and the preferred hosts were, in decreasing order, chicken, dog, rodent and human with lower preferences for pig, horse, opossum and cattle. Lu. longipalpis and Lu. whitmani performed mixed feeding on man, dog and rodent, while Lu. longipalpis was the most opportunistic species, feeding on the blood of all hosts surveyed, but preferably on dog/chicken, dog/rodent and rodent/chicken. Our findings reveal the concomitant circulation of Leishmania species that cause visceral leishmaniasis and tegumentary leishmaniasis in the study area, and explain the occurrence of autochthonous human cases of both clinical forms of leishmaniasis in Caxias, Maranhão. The results support our hypothesis that, in the municipality of Caxias, transmission of Leishmania occurs in close proximity to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antônia Suely Guimarães-e-Silva
- Centro de Estudos Superiores de Caxias, Laboratório de Entomologia Médica (LABEM), Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, Caxias, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Soraia de Oliveira Silva
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Laboratório de Biologia de Leishmania, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rosa Cristina Ribeiro da Silva
- Centro de Estudos Superiores de Caxias, Laboratório de Entomologia Médica (LABEM), Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, Caxias, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Valéria Cristina Soares Pinheiro
- Centro de Estudos Superiores de Caxias, Laboratório de Entomologia Médica (LABEM), Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, Caxias, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - José Manuel Macário Rebêlo
- Departamento de Biologia, Laboratório de Entomologia e Vetores, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Maria Norma Melo
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Laboratório de Biologia de Leishmania, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- * E-mail: ,
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Moya S, Giuliani M, Santini M, Quintana M, Salomón O, Liotta D. Leishmania infantum DNA detected in phlebotomine species from Puerto Iguazú City, Misiones province, Argentina. Acta Trop 2017; 172:122-124. [PMID: 28476601 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In Puerto Iguazú City, Argentina, human and canine Visceral Leishmaniasis cases have been recorded since the year 2010, with Leishmania infantum as the etiological agent and Lutzomyia longipalpis as its main vector. In the present study, polymerase chain reaction and sequencing were used to detect L. infantum DNA in 3.9% of the female sandflies captured in Puerto Iguazú City. This is the first report of L. infantum DNA detection in Micropygomyia quinquefer, and the second one in Lu. longipalpis and Nyssomyia whitmani for Argentina. Although the detection of Leishmania DNA itself is not enough to determine a Phlebotomine species as a vector, these results are significant in setting the direction of further investigations of vectorial competence and capacity, necessary to define the roles of different sandflies species as specific or permissive vectors in the transmission VL cycle.
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Carvalho GML, Rêgo FD, Tanure A, Silva ACP, Dias TA, Paz GF, Andrade Filho JD. Bloodmeal Identification in Field-Collected Sand Flies From Casa Branca, Brazil, Using the Cytochrome b PCR Method. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2017; 54:1049-1054. [PMID: 28399200 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjx051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
PCR-based identification of vertebrate host bloodmeals has been performed on several vectors species with success. In the present study, we used a previously published PCR protocol followed by DNA sequencing based on primers designed from multiple alignments of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene used to identify avian and mammalian hosts of various hematophagous vectors. The amplification of a fragment encoding a 359 bp sequence of the Cyt b gene yielded recognized amplification products in 192 female sand flies (53%), from a total of 362 females analyzed. In the study area of Casa Branca, Brazil, blood-engorged female sand flies such as Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz & Neiva, 1912), Migonemyia migonei (França, 1924), and Nyssomyia whitmani (Antunes & Coutinho, 1939) were analyzed for bloodmeal sources. The PCR-based method identified human, dog, chicken, and domestic rat blood sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M L Carvalho
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Augusto de Lima, 1715 Barro Preto, CEP 30190-002, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - F D Rêgo
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Augusto de Lima, 1715 Barro Preto, CEP 30190-002, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - A Tanure
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Augusto de Lima, 1715 Barro Preto, CEP 30190-002, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - A C P Silva
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Augusto de Lima, 1715 Barro Preto, CEP 30190-002, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - T A Dias
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Augusto de Lima, 1715 Barro Preto, CEP 30190-002, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - G F Paz
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Augusto de Lima, 1715 Barro Preto, CEP 30190-002, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - J D Andrade Filho
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Augusto de Lima, 1715 Barro Preto, CEP 30190-002, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
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Casaril AE, de Oliveira LP, Alonso DP, de Oliveira EF, Gomes Barrios SP, de Oliveira Moura Infran J, Fernandes WDS, Oshiro ET, Ferreira AMT, Ribolla PEM, de Oliveira AG. Standardization of DNA extraction from sand flies: Application to genotyping by next generation sequencing. Exp Parasitol 2017; 177:66-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2017.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Saraiva L, Leite CG, Lima ACVMDR, Carvalho LOAD, Pereira AAS, Rugani JMN, Rego FD, Gontijo CMF, Andrade JD. Seasonality of sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) and Leishmania DNA detection in vector species in an area with endemic visceral leishmaniasis. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2017; 112:309-318. [PMID: 28327794 PMCID: PMC5354617 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760160438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leishmaniases are a serious health problem in southeast Brazil, including the city of Belo Horizonte (BH), Minas Gerais state (MG), where there are high rates of incidence and mortality due to visceral leishmaniases. BH is divided into nine sanitary districts (SD) of which one, the Venda Nova SD, was selected for this study because it has high rates of positivity for canine leishmaniasis and high incidence of human leishmaniasis. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to survey the sand fly fauna in Venda Nova SD from August 2011 to July 2013 and perform a descriptive analysis of the vector population. METHODS The sampling was carried out using automatic HP light traps at all covered areas of the Venda Nova SD, in a total of eighteen light traps. Sampled specimens were identified following Galati (2003), and females were submitted to molecular techniques for the detection and identification of Leishmania DNA. A simple environmental description was done for it area and Kernel estimation was used to infer vector density for each study site. FINDINGS A total of 2,427 sand fly specimens belonging to eight species and five genera were collected of which 95.3% were Lutzomyia longipalpis. The seasonal variation curve was delineated by this species. Lu. longipalpis was the most abundant at all collection points and in all months of the study, and exhibited a natural infection rate of 1.01% for Leishmania infantum and 1.77% for Leishmania braziliensis. MAIN CONCLUSIONS The results show the presence and adaptation of Lu. longipalpis to the anthropic environment of BH and reinforces its role as the main vector of L. infantum in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Saraiva
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Camila Gonçalves Leite
- Prefeitura Municipal de Belo Horizonte, Gerência de Controle de Zoonoses, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | | | | | - Agnes Antônia Sampaio Pereira
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Jerônimo Marteleto Nunes Rugani
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Felipe Dutra Rego
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Célia Maria Ferreira Gontijo
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - José Dilermando Andrade
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
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Araujo-Pereira TD, Pita-Pereira DD, Boité MC, Melo M, Costa-Rego TAD, Fuzari AA, Brazil RP, Britto C. First description of Leishmania (Viannia) infection in Evandromyia saulensis, Pressatia sp. and Trichophoromyia auraensis (Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) in a transmission area of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Acre state, Amazon Basin, Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2017; 112:75-78. [PMID: 28076470 PMCID: PMC5225531 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760160283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies on the sandfly fauna to evaluate natural infection indexes are still limited in the Brazilian Amazon, a region with an increasing incidence of cutaneous leishmaniasis. Here, by using a multiplex polymerase chain reaction directed to Leishmania kDNA and hybridisation, we were able to identify L. (Viannia) subgenus in 12 out of 173 sandflies captured in the municipality of Rio Branco, Acre state, revealing a positivity of 6.94%. By sequencing the Leishmania 234 bp-hsp70 amplified products from positive samples, infection by L. (V.) braziliensis was confirmed in five sandflies: one Evandromyia saulensis, three Trichophoromyia auraensis and one Pressatia sp. The finding of L. (Viannia) DNA in two Ev. saulensis corresponds to the first record of possible infection associated with this sandfly. Moreover, our study reveals for the first time in Brazil, Th. auraensis and Pressatia sp. infected by L. (Viannia) parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais de Araujo-Pereira
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Daniela de Pita-Pereira
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Mariana Côrtes Boité
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Pesquisa em Leishmaniose, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Myllena Melo
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Taiana Amancio da Costa-Rego
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Andressa Alencastre Fuzari
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Reginaldo Peçanha Brazil
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Constança Britto
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
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Carvalho GML, Brazil RP, Rêgo FD, Ramos MCNF, Zenóbio APLA, Andrade Filho JD. Molecular Detection of Leishmania DNA in Wild-Caught Phlebotomine Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) From a Cave in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2017; 54:196-203. [PMID: 28082647 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjw137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Leishmania spp. are distributed throughout the world, and different species are associated with varying degrees of disease severity. In Brazil, Leishmania transmission involves several species of phlebotomine sand flies that are closely associated with different parasites and reservoirs, and thereby giving rise to different transmission cycles. Infection occurs during the bloodmeals of sand flies obtained from a variety of wild and domestic animals, and sometimes from humans. The present study focused on detection of Leishmania DNA in phlebotomine sand flies from a cave in the state of Minas Gerais. Detection of Leishmania in female sand flies was performed with ITS1 PCR-RFLP (internal transcribed spacer 1) using HaeIII enzyme and genetic sequencing for SSUrRNA target. The survey of Leishmania DNA was carried out on 232 pools and the parasite DNA was detected in four: one pool of Lutzomyia cavernicola (Costa Lima, 1932), infected with Le. infantum (ITS1 PCR-RFLP), two pools of Evandromyia sallesi (Galvão & Coutinho, 1939), both infected with Leishmania braziliensis complex (SSUrRNA genetic sequencing analysis), and one pool of Sciopemyia sordellii (Shannon & Del Ponte, 1927), infected with subgenus Leishmania (SSUrRNA genetic sequencing analysis). The present study identified the species for Leishmania DNA detected in four pools of sand flies, all of which were captured inside the cave. These results represent the first molecular detection of Lu cavernicola with Le infantum DNA, Sc sordellii with subgenus Leishmania DNA, and Ev sallesi with Leishmania braziliensis complex DNA. The infection rate in females captured for this study was 0.17%.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M L Carvalho
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Augusto de Lima, 1715 Barro Preto, CEP 30190-002, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil (; ; ; ; )
| | - R P Brazil
- Laboratório de doenças parasitárias, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Pavilhão Arthur Neiva, sala 22. Av. Brasil, 4365 Manguinhos, CEP 21040-900 Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - F D Rêgo
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Augusto de Lima, 1715 Barro Preto, CEP 30190-002, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil (; ; ; ; )
| | - M C N F Ramos
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Augusto de Lima, 1715 Barro Preto, CEP 30190-002, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil (; ; ; ; )
| | - A P L A Zenóbio
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Augusto de Lima, 1715 Barro Preto, CEP 30190-002, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil (; ; ; ; )
| | - J D Andrade Filho
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Augusto de Lima, 1715 Barro Preto, CEP 30190-002, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil (; ; ; ; )
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Peres-Dias QN, Oliveira CD, Souza MBD, Meira ADM, Villanova CB. SAND FLY SPECIES COMPOSITION (DIPTERA: PSYCHODIDAE: PHLEBOTOMINAE) IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF CANTAGALO , AN AREA WITH SPORADIC CASES OF HUMAN CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS IN RIO DE JANEIRO STATE, BRAZIL. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2016; 58:50. [PMID: 27410910 PMCID: PMC4964319 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-9946201658050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The municipality of Cantagalo is an area with sustained transmission of American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (ACL). Monthly sand fly collections were performed for three years (June 2012 - May 2015) using a CDC light trap. A total of 3,310 specimens belonging to 12 species were trapped: Nyssomyia intermedia, Nyssomyia whitmani, Migonemyia migonei, Evandromyia lenti, Evandromyia cortelezzii, Micropygomyia quinquefer, Brumptomyia brumpti, Psathyromyia aragaoi, Micropygomyia schreiberi, Pintomyia fischeri, Sciopemyia sordellii, and Evandromyia edwardsi. The last seven species have not been previously recorded in this area. The highest abundance of species occurred between October and March. October was the month with the highest number of captured sand flies, one month before the peak in the summer rainfall. In October the highest number of Ny. intermedia, Ny. whitmani and Mg. migonei, were also collected, the three epidemiologically most important species. The high abundance of species with epidemiological importance for ACL transmission might explain the sporadic occurrence of the disease in the area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quezia Nunes Peres-Dias
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Laboratório de Vetores Miguel Alves de Souza, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas (DCB), Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca (ENSP). Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Marcos Barbosa de Souza
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Laboratório de Vetores Miguel Alves de Souza, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas (DCB), Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca (ENSP). Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Antônio de Medeiros Meira
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Laboratório de Vetores Miguel Alves de Souza, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas (DCB), Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca (ENSP). Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ciro Benigno Villanova
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Laboratório de Vetores Miguel Alves de Souza, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas (DCB), Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca (ENSP). Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Moya SL, Giuliani MG, Manteca Acosta M, Salomón OD, Liotta DJ. First description of Migonemyia migonei (França) and Nyssomyia whitmani (Antunes & Coutinho) (Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) natural infected by Leishmania infantum in Argentina. Acta Trop 2015; 152:181-184. [PMID: 26409011 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2015.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Leishmania infantum is the etiological agent of the Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) disease in America, with Lutzomyia longipalpis phlebotomine sandflies as its proven vectors in Argentina, and infected dogs as its main urban reservoir. In Puerto Iguazú City (Misiones province, Argentina), human and canine cases of VL were recorded. Additionally, in the rural area known as "2000 Hectáreas", less than 10km away from the city, several human cases of Tegumentary Leishmaniasis (TL) were registered determining an endemic area with Leishmania braziliensis as the etiological agent. Because of this, several phlebotomine captures were done in this site showing that Nyssomyia whitmani is the most abundant sandfly followed by Migonemyia migonei. In this study, three of the sandflies captured were found infected whit L. infantum parasites, detected by PCR and sequencing. Two of them were N. whitmani and the other one was a M. migonei specimen, being this the first report of L. infantum natural infection for Argentina in these sandfly species. N. whitmani is the main vector of L. braziliensis in this area, and M. migonei has been suggested as a putative vector in other locations where human and canine cases of VL where reported with L. longipalpis apparently absent. In this context, we consider necessary further studies that could define the role of M. migonei and N. whitmani as specific or permissive vectors of L. infantum, their vectorial competence and capacity, and their actual role in the transmission of both Tegumentary and Visceral Leishmaniasis in the study area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofía L Moya
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Tropical (INMeT-MSAL), Jujuy y Neuquén s/n, Pto. Iguazú, Misiones, Argentina; Laboratorio de Biología Molecular Aplicada (LaBiMAp-FCEQyN-UNaM), Av. Mariano Moreno, 1375 Posadas, Misiones, Argentina.
| | - Magalí G Giuliani
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Tropical (INMeT-MSAL), Jujuy y Neuquén s/n, Pto. Iguazú, Misiones, Argentina; Laboratorio de Biología Molecular Aplicada (LaBiMAp-FCEQyN-UNaM), Av. Mariano Moreno, 1375 Posadas, Misiones, Argentina
| | - Mariana Manteca Acosta
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Tropical (INMeT-MSAL), Jujuy y Neuquén s/n, Pto. Iguazú, Misiones, Argentina
| | - Oscar D Salomón
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Tropical (INMeT-MSAL), Jujuy y Neuquén s/n, Pto. Iguazú, Misiones, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Domingo J Liotta
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Tropical (INMeT-MSAL), Jujuy y Neuquén s/n, Pto. Iguazú, Misiones, Argentina; Laboratorio de Biología Molecular Aplicada (LaBiMAp-FCEQyN-UNaM), Av. Mariano Moreno, 1375 Posadas, Misiones, Argentina
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Saraiva L, Silva Reis A, Marteleto Nunes Rugani J, Sampaio Pereira AA, Rêgo FD, Vianna Mariano da Rocha Lima AC, Gontijo CMF, Andrade Filho JD. Survey of sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in an environmentally protected area in Brazil. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134845. [PMID: 26267484 PMCID: PMC4534452 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Brazil is one of the most important endemic areas for leishmaniasis worldwide. Protected areas that are tourist attractions likely present an important risk of transmission of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). Furthermore, with the geographical expansion of visceral leishmaniasis (VL), several studies have recorded the occurrence of its vector, Lutzomyia longipalpis, and cases of human and canine VL in such tourist areas. The Parque Estadual do Sumidouro is an environmentally protected area located in the Brazilian Cerrado biome and in an important area endemic for leishmaniasis in the state of Minas Gerais. The purpose of this study was to monitor the sand fly fauna in areas of tourist activity in the park. Sampling was performed every month, from September 2011 to August 2013, using CDC light traps at six sites of differing environmental characteristics. Sampled specimens were identified following Galati (2003), and females were submitted to molecular techniques for the detection and identification of Leishmania DNA. A total of 4,675 sand fly specimens of 25 species belonging to nine genera were collected. The most abundant species were Micropygomyia quinquefer, Lutzomyia renei and Pintomyia pessoai, although only Pi. pessoai is implicated in the transmission of Leishmania braziliensis. The species accumulation curve reached saturation on the 16th sampling event. Species richness, diversity and evenness differed among the sampled areas. The seasonal curve was not determined by a single unique species, and no single species was the most abundant in all environments sampled. The main vector of Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum, Lutzomyia longipalpis, accounted for only 5.35% of the specimens collected. Proven or suspected vectors of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis were recorded, and one female of the cortellezzii complex tested positive for Le. braziliensis DNA. Even with a low infection rate (0.62%), these data indicate the circulation of the parasite and reinforce the need for entomological and epidemiological surveillance in the park and its surroundings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Saraiva
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses–Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou–FIOCRUZ–MINAS–Avenida Augusto de Lima, 1715 Barro Preto, CP 1743, 30190–002 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Alanna Silva Reis
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses–Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou–FIOCRUZ–MINAS–Avenida Augusto de Lima, 1715 Barro Preto, CP 1743, 30190–002 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Jeronimo Marteleto Nunes Rugani
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses–Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou–FIOCRUZ–MINAS–Avenida Augusto de Lima, 1715 Barro Preto, CP 1743, 30190–002 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Agnes Antônia Sampaio Pereira
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses–Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou–FIOCRUZ–MINAS–Avenida Augusto de Lima, 1715 Barro Preto, CP 1743, 30190–002 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Felipe Dutra Rêgo
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses–Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou–FIOCRUZ–MINAS–Avenida Augusto de Lima, 1715 Barro Preto, CP 1743, 30190–002 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Vianna Mariano da Rocha Lima
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses–Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou–FIOCRUZ–MINAS–Avenida Augusto de Lima, 1715 Barro Preto, CP 1743, 30190–002 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Célia Maria Ferreira Gontijo
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses–Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou–FIOCRUZ–MINAS–Avenida Augusto de Lima, 1715 Barro Preto, CP 1743, 30190–002 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - José Dilermando Andrade Filho
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses–Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou–FIOCRUZ–MINAS–Avenida Augusto de Lima, 1715 Barro Preto, CP 1743, 30190–002 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Lara-Silva FDO, Michalsky ÉM, Fortes-Dias CL, Fiuza VDOP, Pessanha JEM, Regina-Silva S, de Avelar DM, Silva MA, Lima ACVMDR, da Costa AJA, Machado-Coelho GLL, Dias ES. Epidemiological aspects of vector, parasite, and domestic reservoir in areas of recent transmission and no reported human cases of visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil. Acta Trop 2015; 148:128-36. [PMID: 25882769 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
About 97% of the human cases of the American visceral leishmaniasis (VL) occur in Brazil. In the last few years, the disease expanded to medium- and large-sized cities, in which surveillance and control actions have been intensified, in an effort to control VL spreading. Our two-year study was conducted in Belo Horizonte, the sixth most populous city in Brazil, which is endemic for VL. We focused in two particular districts of recent transmission of the disease, with no reported human cases and submitted to minor surveillance and control actions. Our aim was to draw an epidemiological profile of the local situation concerning Lutzomyia vector, Leishmania parasites, and the main domestic reservoirs (dogs). Lutzomyia longipalpis comprised 96.5% of the total phlebotomine sand flies captured and displayed an expressive minimal infection rate by Leishmania infantum (16.7%). Positive correlations were found between the population densities of L. longipalpis, rainfall and temperature. L. infantum was also detected in the cortelezzii complex and, for the first time, in Lutzomyia lloydi. Leishmania braziliensis, an etiological agent of the American cutaneous leishmaniasis, was also identified in L. longipalpis. Among the 1408 dogs serologically tested by standard enzyme-linked and fluorescence immune assays (ELISA/IFA) 3.6% were positive for VL. L. infantum DNA and Leishmania parasites were identified in 100% and 72.5% of the seropositive dogs, respectively. The co-positivity of other diagnostic tests for VL-Leishmania-nested PCR, imprint and myeloculture-was compared to the standard serology. Both symptomatic or asymptomatic dogs displayed an equal average number of positive diagnostic tests for VL. The districts studied display favorable conditions for the rapid spreading of human infection, in terms of L. longipalpis population density, and presence of L. infantum in both vector and main reservoir.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Érika Monteiro Michalsky
- Laboratório de Leishmanioses, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou/Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Shara Regina-Silva
- Laboratório de Leishmanioses, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou/Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Daniel Moreira de Avelar
- Laboratório de Leishmanioses, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou/Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Maiara Alves Silva
- Laboratório de Leishmanioses, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou/Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Edelberto Santos Dias
- Laboratório de Leishmanioses, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou/Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Rêgo FD, Rugani JMN, Shimabukuro PHF, Tonelli GB, Quaresma PF, Gontijo CMF. Molecular detection of Leishmania in phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) from a cutaneous leishmaniasis focus atXakriabá Indigenous Reserve, Brazil. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122038. [PMID: 25853254 PMCID: PMC4390197 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Autochthonous cases of American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) have been reported since 2001 in the Xakriabá Indigenous Reserve located in the municipality of São João das Missões in northern Minas Gerais state, Brazil. In order to study the presence of Leishmania DNA in phlebotomine sand flies, six entomological collections were carried out from July 2008 through July 2009, using 40 light traps placed in peridomicile areas of 20 randomly selected houses. From October 2011 through August 2012, another six collections were carried out with 20 light traps distributed among four trails (five traps per trail) selected for a previous study of wild and synanthropic hosts of Leishmania. A total of 4,760 phlebotomine specimens were collected belonging to ten genera and twenty-three species. Single female specimens or pools with up to ten specimens of the same locality, species and date, for Leishmania detection by molecular methods. Species identification of parasites was performed with ITS1 PCR-RFLP using HaeIII enzyme and genetic sequencing for SSU rRNA target. The presence of Leishmania DNA was detected in eleven samples from peridomicile areas: Lu. longipalpis (two), Nyssomyia intermedia (four), Lu. renei (two), Lu. ischnacantha, Micropygomyia goiana and Evandromyia lenti (one pool of each specie). The presence of Leishmania DNA was detected in twelve samples from among the trails: Martinsmyia minasensis (six), Ny. intermedia (three), Mi. peresi (two) and Ev. lenti (one). The presence of Leishmania infantum DNA in Lu. longipalpis and Leishmania braziliensis DNA in Ny. intermediasupport the epidemiological importance of these species of sand flies in the cycle of visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis, respectively. The results also found other species associated with Leishmania DNA, such as Mt. minasensis and Ev. lenti, which may participate in a wild and/or synanthropic cycle of Leishmania transmission in the studied area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Dutra Rêgo
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Augusto de Lima, 1715 Barro Preto, CEP 30190–002, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Jeronimo Marteleto Nunes Rugani
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Augusto de Lima, 1715 Barro Preto, CEP 30190–002, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Paloma Helena Fernandes Shimabukuro
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Augusto de Lima, 1715 Barro Preto, CEP 30190–002, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Gabriel Barbosa Tonelli
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Augusto de Lima, 1715 Barro Preto, CEP 30190–002, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Patrícia Flávia Quaresma
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Augusto de Lima, 1715 Barro Preto, CEP 30190–002, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Célia Maria Ferreira Gontijo
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Augusto de Lima, 1715 Barro Preto, CEP 30190–002, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
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Ferreira EDC, Cruz I, Cañavate C, de Melo LA, Pereira AAS, Madeira FAM, Valério SAN, Cunha HM, Paglia AP, Gontijo CMF. Mixed infection of Leishmania infantum and Leishmania braziliensis in rodents from endemic urban area of the New World. BMC Vet Res 2015; 11:71. [PMID: 25890323 PMCID: PMC4374209 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-015-0392-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In Brazil Leishmania braziliensis and L. infantum are the principal species responsible for cutaneous and visceral leishmaniases, respectively. Domestic dogs are the main reservoirs of visceral leishmaniasis, while rodents and marsupials are the main reservoirs for cutaneous leishmaniasis. It has also been suggested that dogs could play a role in transmission of cutaneous leishmaniasis. The identification of the species of Leishmania, the reservoirs, and the vectors involved in each particular transmission cycle is critical for the establishment of control activities. Belo Horizonte has emerged as an endemic region for leishmaniases, however, epidemiological studies assessing the contribution of wild reservoirs to transmission are scarce in the area. The aim of this study was to investigate Leishmania spp. infection in possible reservoirs of an urbanized area. Results A high rate of infection was found in small mammals (64.9%) and dogs (DG1 30.4% and DG2 48.6%). The presence of L. infantum and L. braziliensis was detected in small mammals and dogs, and mixed infections by both species were detected in rodents which, to the best of our knowledge, is the first description of this phenomenon in an urban area. Additionally, L. amazonensis was detected in the canine samples. Conclusion The possible role of these animals as a source of infection of the vector of each species of Leishmania identified should not be overlooked and should be taken into account in future control activities. The results of mixed infection by L. braziliensis and L. infantum in cosmopolitan rodents as M. musculus and R. rattus, may have important implications in the context of the control of leishmaniasis in urban areas, especially when considering that these rodents live in close relationship with human dwellings, especially those in more precarious conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Israel Cruz
- WHO Collaborating Center for Leishmaniasis, Servicio de Parasitología, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madri, Espanha.
| | - Carmen Cañavate
- WHO Collaborating Center for Leishmaniasis, Servicio de Parasitología, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madri, Espanha.
| | - Lutiana Amaral de Melo
- Serviço de Biologia Molecular e Bioinformática, Diretoria de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento, Fundação Ezequiel Dias, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.
| | - Agnes Antônia Sampaio Pereira
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.
| | | | | | | | - Adriano Pereira Paglia
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.
| | - Célia Maria Ferreira Gontijo
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.
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Phlebotomine sand fly fauna and leishmania infection in the vicinity of the Serra do Cipó National Park, a natural Brazilian heritage site. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:385493. [PMID: 25793193 PMCID: PMC4352511 DOI: 10.1155/2015/385493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 11/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In the New World, the leishmaniases are primarily transmitted to humans through the bites of Leishmania-infected Lutzomyia (Diptera: Psychodidae) phlebotomine sand flies. Any or both of two basic clinical forms of these diseases are endemic to several cities in Brazil—the American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) and the American visceral leishmaniasis (AVL). The present study was conducted in the urban area of a small-sized Brazilian municipality (Jaboticatubas), in which three cases of AVL and nine of ACL have been reported in the last five years. Jaboticatubas is an important tourism hub, as it includes a major part of the Serra do Cipó National Park. Currently, no local data is available on the entomological fauna or circulating Leishmania. During the one-year period of this study, we captured 3,104 phlebotomine sand flies belonging to sixteen Lutzomyia species. In addition to identifying incriminated or suspected vectors of ACL with DNA of the etiological agent of AVL and vice versa, we also detected Leishmania DNA in unexpected Lutzomyia species. The expressive presence of vectors and natural Leishmania infection indicates favorable conditions for the spreading of leishmaniases in the vicinity of the Serra do Cipó National Park.
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Freitas-Lidani KC, Messias-Reason IJD, Ishikawa EAY. A comparison of molecular markers to detect Lutzomyia longipalpis naturally infected with Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2014; 109:442-7. [PMID: 25004147 PMCID: PMC4155845 DOI: 10.1590/0074-0276130285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to detect natural infection by Leishmania
(Leishmania) infantum in Lutzomyia longipalpis captured
in Barcarena, state of Pará, Brazil, through the use of three primer sets. With this
approach, it is unnecessary to previously dissect the sandfly specimens. DNA of
280 Lu. longipalpis female specimens were extracted from the
whole insects. PCR primers for kinetoplast minicircle DNA (kDNA), the mini-exon gene
and the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU-rRNA) gene of Leishmania
were used, generating fragments of 400 bp, 780 bp and 603 bp, respectively.
Infection by the parasite was found with the kDNA primer in 8.6% of the cases, with
the mini-exon gene primer in 7.1% of the cases and with the SSU-rRNA gene primer in
5.3% of the cases. These data show the importance of polymerase chain reaction as a
tool for investigating the molecular epidemiology of visceral leishmaniasis by
estimating the risk of disease transmission in endemic areas, with the kDNA primer
representing the most reliable marker for the parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kárita Cláudia Freitas-Lidani
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia Molecular, Departamento de Patologia Médica, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | - Iara J de Messias-Reason
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia Molecular, Departamento de Patologia Médica, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
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Diniz MMCDSL, Ovallos FG, de Castro Gomes CM, de Oliveira Lavitschka C, Galati EAB. Host-biting rate and susceptibility of some suspected vectors to Leishmania braziliensis. Parasit Vectors 2014; 7:139. [PMID: 24684943 PMCID: PMC3976554 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-7-139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND American tegumentary leishmaniasis is a serious Brazilian public health problem. This diseases is attributed to seven species of Leishmania, however, the majority of cases are associated with Leishmania braziliensis. Some phlebotomine species have been implicated in the transmission of this parasite, nonetheless only Psychodopygus wellcomei has had its vectorial competence demonstrated. Thus this study sought to assess some parameters related to the vectorial capacity of anthropophilic species of sand fly occurring in São Paulo state: Pintomyia fischeri, Migonemyia migonei Nyssomyia intermedia, Nyssomyia whitmani, Expapillata firmatoi and Psychodopygus ayrozai, under laboratory conditions. These parameters were the duration of the gonotrophic cycle, proportion of females which feed on hamster, the rate of infection by L. braziliensis and the duration of the extrinsic incubation period. METHODS The sandflies were collected in three regions of the São Paulo state: Greater São Paulo and the Mogi Guaçu and Iporanga municipalities. To assess the proportion of engorged females the insects were fed on hamsters to estimate the duration of the gonotrophic cycle. To estimate the susceptibility to infection of each species, their females were fed on hamsters infected with Leishmania braziliensis and dissected to ascertain the localization of the flagellates and estimate the extrinsic incubation period. RESULTS Low hamster attractiveness to Ps. ayrozai was observed. A high proportion of engorged females was observed when the hamster had its whole body exposed. The gonotrophic cycle ranged between three and eight days. Mg. migonei, Pi. fischeri, Ny. neivai, Ny. intermedia, Ny. whitmani and Ex.firmatoi presented susceptibility to infection by L. braziliensis. The highest infection rate (34.4%) was observed for Ny. whitmani and the lowest for Ny. intermedia (6.6%). Mg. migonei presented late-stage infection forms on the fifth day after feeding, but in the other species these forms were observed as from the fourth day. CONCLUSIONS Our results, together with other parameters of their behavior under natural conditions, suggest the potential role of Ex. firmatoi as vector of this parasite and reinforce that of Mg. migonei, Pi. fischeri, Ny. neivai, Ny. intermedia and Ny. whitmani in the areas in which they occur.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fredy Galvis Ovallos
- Postgraduate Program in Public Health, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo - USP, São Paulo, SP Brazil.
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Baum M, Ribeiro MCVDC, Lorosa ES, Damasio GAC, Castro EAD. Eclectic feeding behavior of Lutzomyia (Nyssomyia) intermedia (Diptera, Psychodidae, Phlebotominae) in the transmission area of American cutaneous leishmaniasis, state of Paraná, Brazil. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2013; 46:560-5. [DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0157-2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Nascimento BWL, Saraiva L, Neto RGT, Meira PCLSE, Sanguinette CDC, Tonelli GB, Botelho HA, Belo VS, Silva ESD, Gontijo CMF, Filho JDA. Study of sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis areas in the central-western state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Acta Trop 2013. [PMID: 23178219 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2012.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The transmission of Leishmania involves several species of sand flies that are closely associated with various parasites and reservoirs, with differing transmission cycles in Brazil. A study on the phlebotomine species composition has been conducted in the municipality of Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil, an endemic area for cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), which has intense occurrence of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) cases. In order to study the sand flies populations and their seasonality, CDC light traps (HP model) were distributed in 15 houses which presented at least one case of CL or VL and in five urban parks (green areas). Collections were carried out three nights monthly from September 2010 to August 2011. A total of 1064 phlebotomine specimens were collected belonging to two genera and seventeen species: Brumptomyia brumpti, Lutzomyia bacula, Lutzomyia cortelezzii, Lutzomyia lenti, Lutzomyia sallesi, Lutzomyia longipalpis, Lutzomyia migonei, Lutzomyia intermedia, Lutzomyia neivai, Lutzomyia whitmani, Lutzomyia christenseni, Lutzomyia monticola, Lutzomyia pessoai, Lutzomyia aragaoi, Lutzomyia brasiliensis, Lutzomyia lutziana, and Lutzomyia sordellii. L. longipalpis, the main vector of Leishmania infantum in Brazil, was the most frequent species, accounting for 76.9% of the total, followed by L. lenti with 8.3%, this species is not a proven vector. Green and urban areas had different sand flies species composition, whereas the high abundance of L. longipalpis in urban areas and the presence of various vector species in both green and urban areas were also observed. Our data point out to the requirement of control measures against phlebotomine sand flies in the municipality of Divinópolis and adoption of strategies aiming entomological surveillance.
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Sanguinette CDC, Faustino JX, Serra e Meira PCL, Botelho HA, Carvalho GMDL, Gontijo CMF, Filho JDA. Anomalies in the sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera: Psychodidae) in Brazil. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION 2013; 29:54-58. [PMID: 23687856 DOI: 10.2987/12-6290r.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Lutzomyia longipalpis is the main species involved in the epidemiological cycle of visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil. This species shows a wide geographic distribution and belongs to a group that has 2 setae in the paramere with the curved tips towards the apex of this structure among other characteristics. Morphological characters in the genitalia of phlebotomines are essential for correct identification of species. The aim of this study was to report the finding of unilateral and bilateral anomalies in the paramere of L. longipalpis males collected in Várzea da Palma municipality, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Twelve collections were made during the period April 2009 to March 2010, using Centers for Disease Control and Prevention light traps, HP model. Of the 8,832 male L. longipalpis collected, we found 6 types of unilateral anomalies and 2 types of bilateral anomalies in 0.5% of the insects collected. The anomalies were described according to number, position, and size of the setae of paramere. This information will be useful in the validation of new species.
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Saraiva L, Carvalho GMDL, Sanguinette CDC, Carvalho DAAD, Andrade Filho JD. Biogeographical aspects of the occurrence of Nyssomyia neivai and Nyssomyia intermedia (Diptera: Psychodidae) in a sympatric area of the Brazilian savannah. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2012; 107:867-72. [PMID: 23147141 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762012000700005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2012] [Accepted: 06/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nyssomyia intermedia and Nyssomyia neivai constitute a species complex associated with Leishmania transmission. The aim of this study was to analyse the ecological profiles of the Ny. intermedia and Ny. neivai populations in a sympatric area in the Brazilian savannah along the banks of the Velhas River. Captures were performed from July 2003-June 2005 in two distinct environments: a gallery forest with various degrees of anthropogenic modification and animal shelters. A total of 20,508 Ny. neivai (86%) and Ny. intermedia (14%) sandflies were collected. The difference between the proportions of the sandflies that were collected (Ny. neivai/Ny. intermedia) per bank was significant. The right bank presented a greater number of sandflies (65%) and more preserved vegetation. The abundance of Ny. neivai was higher than that of Ny. intermedia on both banks. The results demonstrate that anthropic activities can affect the sandfly populations in this area, thereby leading to a reduction in species abundance. Nevertheless, the environments with higher levels of antropogenic modification displayed sandfly population numbers that favour the Leishmania transmission cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Saraiva
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fioruz, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.
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Rosa J, Pereira DP, Brazil RP, Filho JDA, Salomón O, Szelag E. Natural infection of cortelezzii complex (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) with Leishmania braziliensis in Chaco, Argentina. Acta Trop 2012; 123:128-31. [PMID: 22569560 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2012.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2012] [Revised: 04/13/2012] [Accepted: 04/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In Argentina, American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (ACL) extends up to 29°S in the phytogeographic regions of the Yungas (west), Chaco (center) and Paranaense (east). Since the Phlebotominae vectors of this disease in the western Chaco (dry Chaco) are unknown, in the present work, we studied the natural infection in Phlebotominae by PCR-ERFLP and Dot blot in order to incriminate these organisms as potential vectors. Captures with CDC-type traps were performed monthly in the domicile, the peridomicile and the forest in the Municipio Misión Nueva Pompeya, Chaco, Argentina, in two sites with human cases of ACL: Los Pozos (24°54'S, 61°22'W) and Fortín Arenales (24°58'S, 61°21'W), from November 2006 to December 2007. A total of 1702 Phlebotominae were captured: Mygonemyia migonei (83.8%), cortelezzii complex (11.1%), Mycropigomyia peresi (3.3%), Mycropygomy quinquefer (1.2%), Pintomyia torresi (0.2%) and Nyssomyia neivai (0.2%). Although no significant differences were found in species diversity, there were significant differences in abundance between both sites studied. A total of 80 phlebotomine females were analyzed: 50 of the cortelezzii complex and 30 My. migonei. No intestinal flagellates were observed by light microscopy. Two pools of 10 individuals of the cortelezzii complex of the peridomicile and forest of Fortín Arenales were reactive by PCR and Dot blot for Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis. In Argentina, Evandromyia cortelezzii has been incriminated as a likely vector of ACL because of its abundance in areas of sporadic outbreaks. In the present work, Ev. cortelezzii females were found naturally infected, thus reinforcing the hypothesis that the members of the cortelezzii complex act as vectors of the disease.
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Marcelino AP, Ferreira EC, Avendanha JS, Costa CF, Chiarelli D, Almeida G, Moreira EC, Leite RC, dos Reis JKP, Gontijo CMF. Molecular detection of Leishmania braziliensis in Rattus norvegicus in an area endemic for cutaneous leishmaniasis in Brazil. Vet Parasitol 2011; 183:54-8. [PMID: 21767914 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2011] [Revised: 06/14/2011] [Accepted: 06/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Leishmania nested PCR (LnPCR) targeted to the SSUrRNA gene and DNA sequencing were used to analyze 315 tissue samples from 80 Rattus norvegicus specimens trapped in an area endemic for leishmaniasis in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Of the samples analyzed, 17.46% (55/315) of all tissues, 10% (8/80) of skin, 26.92% (21/78) of blood, 30.76% (24/78) of bone marrow and 2.53% (2/79) of spleen were positive for Leishmania. The overall infection prevalence was 36.25% (29/80) The DNA sequencing showed that 65.51% (19/29) of the positive animals were infected by parasites belonging to the Leishmania braziliensis complex. The identification of L. braziliensis DNA in R. norvegicus in an area with a high prevalence of leishmaniasis might imply a zoonotic role of this species. The rodent control programs and health education may represent important measures toward the control of leishmaniasis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Brazil/epidemiology
- DNA, Protozoan/chemistry
- DNA, Protozoan/genetics
- Disease Reservoirs/veterinary
- Endemic Diseases/veterinary
- Female
- Leishmania braziliensis/genetics
- Leishmania braziliensis/isolation & purification
- Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/blood
- Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/epidemiology
- Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/parasitology
- Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/veterinary
- Male
- Prevalence
- RNA, Protozoan/genetics
- RNA, Ribosomal, 18S/genetics
- Rats
- Ribosome Subunits, Small, Eukaryotic/genetics
- Rodent Diseases/blood
- Rodent Diseases/epidemiology
- Rodent Diseases/parasitology
- Rodentia
- Sequence Analysis, DNA/veterinary
- Skin/parasitology
- Spleen/parasitology
- Urban Population
- Zoonoses
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreza P Marcelino
- Escola de Veterinária, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brasil
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