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Lozano-Sardaneta YN, Rodríguez-Rojas JJ, Huerta H, Benítez-Alva JI, Santander-Gómez AA, Luna-Luna AM, Cervantes C, Correa-Morales F, Contreras-Ramos A. Surveillance of sand flies (Psychodidae, Phlebotominae) from Mexico: Altitudinal and climatic patterns after historical and new geographic records in endemic areas of leishmaniasis. Acta Trop 2024; 256:107270. [PMID: 38795873 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
This study updates knowledge on historical geographic distribution of sand fly species through identifying altitudinal and bioclimatic patterns in leishmaniasis endemic areas in Mexico. We analyze and identify sand fly specimens obtained through national efforts by the Instituto de Diagnóstico y Referencia Epidemiológicos (InDRE, Mexico), collected between 1995 and 2001, 2008-2012, and 2017-2023, and add bibliographic information (427 additional records). After a principal components analysis of WorldClim variables and altitudinal ranges, variables that better explain the distribution of sand fly species were chosen (BIO6, BIO12, and BIO16, explaining 72 % of variation). A total of 1,187 specimens of 22 species were retrieved from eight states, providing 29 new municipalities and 48 new localities, being Lutzomyia cruciata, Micropygomyia chiapanensis, and Psathyromyia shannoni the most common species. We presented new historical records of distribution for sand fly species from Morelos (3), Oaxaca (7) and Tabasco (1). The 82.7 % of sand fly species analyzed were distributed in areas with altitudinal ranges below 420 m. The anthropophilic species Psathyromyia shannoni, and Lutzomyia cruciata showed the greatest variability regarding altitudinal range, and climatic preferences, while several wild species showed abiotic preferences. It is likely that the effect of urbanization and climate change generate new beneficial biotopes for the proliferation of the vector sand fly species. Complementary studies that consider seasonality, vegetation types, and change in land use could provide new information to better understand the spread of vector-borne diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yokomi N Lozano-Sardaneta
- Colección Nacional de Insectos, Departamento de Zoología, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jorge J Rodríguez-Rojas
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Agronomía, Francisco I. Madero S/N, Ex Hacienda el Canadá, 66050 Ciudad General Escobedo, Nuevo, León, Mexico
| | - Herón Huerta
- Laboratorio de Entomología, Instituto de Diagnóstico y Referencia Epidemiológicos 'Dr., Manuel Martínez Báez', Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Ismael Benítez-Alva
- Programa de Enfermedades Transmitidas por Vector, Centro Nacional de Programas Preventivos y Control de Enfermedades (CENAPRECE), Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Alba Magali Luna-Luna
- Colección Nacional de Insectos, Departamento de Zoología, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico; Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Cristian Cervantes
- Unidad de Síntesis en Sistemática y Evolución, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Fabián Correa-Morales
- Programa de Enfermedades Transmitidas por Vector, Centro Nacional de Programas Preventivos y Control de Enfermedades (CENAPRECE), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Atilano Contreras-Ramos
- Colección Nacional de Insectos, Departamento de Zoología, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Enríquez S, Arrivillaga-Henríquez J, Duque P, Herrera V, Vaca F, Sánchez M, Roldán M, Ron-Garrido L, Molina CA. Indicators sandflies and environment associated to spatial landscaping change in Chocó Biosphere Reserve UNESCO. J Vector Borne Dis 2024; 61:236-242. [PMID: 38922658 DOI: 10.4103/jvbd.jvbd_52_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND OBJECTIVES Sandflies are vector insects associated with terrestrial forest ecosystems; in the Ecuadorian Andes, they participate in the transmission of human cutaneous leishmaniasis. This geographical area represents an opportunity to evaluate the role of sandflies as bioindicators of the degree of intervention of tropical humid forest ecosystems (THF) associated with changes in the ecology of the local landscape. METHODS CDC-light traps were used for collecting adult sandflies in February 2020 in a humid tropical forest within the Chocó Biosphere Reserve. All species were identified using morphological keys. Analysis data about abundance, richness, species accumulation, diversity index, species composition communities, species sex proportion, spatial sandflies environmental, Renyi's Diversity Profile were performed to compare six spatial habitats in Mashpi locality, Ecuador. RESULTS Sandflies were collected (n-1435); the main species are represented by Trichophoromyia reburra, Nyssomyia trapidoi, Psathyromyia aclydifera, Psychodopygus panamensis and Lutzomyia hartmanni. Only Th. reburra is associated with not intervened forest, while the other three species are associated with intervened forest within Mashpi in the Choco Biosphere Reserve. The secondary forest has major sandflies' richness, while the primary forest exhibits major abundance. INTERPRETATION CONCLUSION Th. reburra is a sandfly restricted to the Andean Forest and is a bioindicator of the high environmental health quality of the forest, while Ny. trapidoi and Pa. aclydifera are bioindicators of environmental disturbances in the forest. Additionally, Ps. panamensis, Lu. hartmanni and Ny. trapidoi are bioindicators of human impact and the risk of leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Enríquez
- Instituto de Investigación en Zoonosis (CIZ), Mashpi Lodge, Ecuador
- Grupo de Investigación en Biodiversidad, Zoonosis y Salud Pública (GIBCIZ-UCE), Mashpi Lodge, Ecuador
| | - Jazzmín Arrivillaga-Henríquez
- Instituto de Investigación en Zoonosis (CIZ), Mashpi Lodge, Ecuador
- Grupo de Investigación en Biodiversidad, Zoonosis y Salud Pública (GIBCIZ-UCE), Mashpi Lodge, Ecuador
| | - Paul Duque
- Instituto de Investigación en Zoonosis (CIZ), Mashpi Lodge, Ecuador
| | - Vanessa Herrera
- Instituto de Investigación en Zoonosis (CIZ), Mashpi Lodge, Ecuador
| | - Franklin Vaca
- Instituto de Investigación en Zoonosis (CIZ), Mashpi Lodge, Ecuador
- Grupo de Investigación en Biodiversidad, Zoonosis y Salud Pública (GIBCIZ-UCE), Mashpi Lodge, Ecuador
| | - Marco Sánchez
- Instituto de Investigación en Zoonosis (CIZ), Mashpi Lodge, Ecuador
| | - Mateo Roldán
- Departamento de Investigación y Biología (I&B), Mashpi Lodge, Ecuador
| | - Lenin Ron-Garrido
- Instituto de Investigación en Zoonosis (CIZ), Mashpi Lodge, Ecuador
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - C Alfonso Molina
- Instituto de Investigación en Zoonosis (CIZ), Mashpi Lodge, Ecuador
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
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Montes de Oca-Aguilar AC, Euan-Canul RD, Sosa-Bibiano EI, López-Ávila KB, Rebollar-Téllez EA, Palacio-Vargas JA, Loría-Cervera EN. Phlebotomine sand flies in rural Mayan communities of Southern Mexico: The heterogeneity of the ruralscape increases the entomological risk. Acta Trop 2024; 249:107051. [PMID: 37875169 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2023.107051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
In the Yucatan Peninsula, tropical preserved forests harbor a high diversity of phlebotomine sand fly species, potential vectors of Leishmania. As a result, a significant risk of contracting localized cutaneous leishmaniasis (LCL) is associated with entry into these forest ecosystems. However, with the current trajectory of land use in the region, communities now live within modified landscapes which could increase their risk of contact with vectors. In this study, we characterized the sand fly fauna and its relationship with the characteristics of peridomestic habitats in two rural communities in Yucatan characterized by contrasting records of leishmaniasis. Five human dwellings in each community were randomly selected and the peridomestic landscape was characterized (i.e., type and percentage of land use). For the collection of sand flies, CDC traps were deployed in both the intra and peridomicile. Differences in alpha and beta diversity between communities and ecotopes were estimated considering three separate groups, all species together, zoophilic species, and anthropophilic species. In total, 1, 241 sand flies represented by eight species were collected from November 2021-March 2022. Both communities registered the presence of sand flies in the intra and peridomicile, and females were more abundant than males. However, the greatest diversity of species was recorded in the peridomicile of the community with the highest composition of land uses. Our study demonstrates that the transformation of the forest around the communities favors the abundance and richness of sand flies in the peridomestic environment. We discuss the limitations and implications of our findings regarding the potential risk of the emergence of peri‑rural cycles of leishmaniasis in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Montes de Oca-Aguilar
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales "Dr. Hideyo Noguchi", Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Ave. Itzáes No. 490 × 59-A, Col. Centro, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - R D Euan-Canul
- Laboratorio de Entomología, Instituto Tecnológico de México, Campus Conkal, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - E I Sosa-Bibiano
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales "Dr. Hideyo Noguchi", Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Ave. Itzáes No. 490 × 59-A, Col. Centro, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - K B López-Ávila
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales "Dr. Hideyo Noguchi", Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Ave. Itzáes No. 490 × 59-A, Col. Centro, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - E A Rebollar-Téllez
- Laboratorio de Entomología Médica, Departamento de Zoología de Invertebrados, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Mexico
| | - J A Palacio-Vargas
- Dirección de Prevención y Protección de la Salud de los Servicios de Salud de Yucatán, Mexico
| | - E N Loría-Cervera
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales "Dr. Hideyo Noguchi", Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Ave. Itzáes No. 490 × 59-A, Col. Centro, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico.
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Mendieta D, Vásquez V, Jaén L, Pineda V, Saldaña A, Calzada JE, Samudio F. Insights into the Genetic Diversity of Leishmania (Viannia) panamensis in Panama, Inferred via Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST). Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12050747. [PMID: 37242417 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12050747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a disease caused by parasites of the genus Leishmania and transmitted by sand fly vectors. Tegumentary leishmaniasis is the most prevalent clinical outcome in Latin America, afflicting people from 18 countries. In Panama, the annual incidence rate of leishmaniasis is as high as 3000 cases, representing a major public health problem. In endemic regions, L. panamensis is responsible for almost eighty percent of human cases that present different clinical outcomes. These differences in disease outcomes could be the result of the local interplay between L. panamensis variants and human hosts with different genetic backgrounds. The genetic diversity of L. panamensis in Panama has only been partially explored, and the variability reported for this species is based on few studies restricted to small populations and/or with poor resolutive markers at low taxonomic levels. Accordingly, in this study, we explored the genetic diversity of sixty-nine L. panamensis isolates from different endemic regions of Panama, using an MLST approach based on four housekeeping genes (Aconitase, ALAT, GPI and HSP70). Two to seven haplotypes per locus were identified, and regional differences in the genetic diversity of L. panamensis were observed. A genotype analysis evidenced the circulation of thirteen L. panamensis genotypes, a fact that might have important implications for the local control of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Mendieta
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales Exactas y Tecnología, Universidad de Panamá, Panama City P.O. Box 0824-00073, Panama
| | - Vanessa Vásquez
- Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud, Avenida Justo Arosemena, Panama City P.O. Box 0816-02593, Panama
| | - Luis Jaén
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales Exactas y Tecnología, Universidad de Panamá, Panama City P.O. Box 0824-00073, Panama
| | - Vanessa Pineda
- Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud, Avenida Justo Arosemena, Panama City P.O. Box 0816-02593, Panama
| | - Azael Saldaña
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales Exactas y Tecnología, Universidad de Panamá, Panama City P.O. Box 0824-00073, Panama
- Centro de Investigación y Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Parasitarias (CIDEP), Universidad de Panamá, Panama City P.O. Box 0824-00073, Panama
- Sistema Nacional de Investigación, Panama City P.O. Box 0816-02852, Panama
| | - José Eduardo Calzada
- Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud, Avenida Justo Arosemena, Panama City P.O. Box 0816-02593, Panama
- Sistema Nacional de Investigación, Panama City P.O. Box 0816-02852, Panama
| | - Franklyn Samudio
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales Exactas y Tecnología, Universidad de Panamá, Panama City P.O. Box 0824-00073, Panama
- Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud, Avenida Justo Arosemena, Panama City P.O. Box 0816-02593, Panama
- Sistema Nacional de Investigación, Panama City P.O. Box 0816-02852, Panama
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Galvis-Martinez CA, Moo-Llanes DA, Altamiranda-Saavedra M. Similarity but not equivalence: Ecological niche comparison between sandflies from the Pleistocene and future scenarios in Central and South America. MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY 2023; 37:111-123. [PMID: 36315035 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Sandfly species (Diptera: Psychodidae) are suspected or proven vectors of Leishmania spp. in the American region. Understanding niche conservatism (NC) in insect vectors allows an understanding of constraints on adaptive responses, and thus implications for disease ecology. Therefore, in this study, the authors evaluated NC in three vector species of leishmaniasis (Lutzomyia gomezi, Psathyromyia shannoni and Pintomyia ovallesi) in Central and South America. For this, the authors performed niche identity and similarity testing through paired comparisons in ENMTools and niche overlap in Niche Analyst. The authors found that species niches were more similar to each other than if the points had been randomly extracted, and they also found extensive similarity between Pa. shannoni and Lu. gomezi niches and in Pa. shannoni niches over different timescales. The authors suggest Pa. shannoni as a priority species due to fundamental niche similarity with phylogenetically related species and also its extensive evolutionary history and ecological plasticity that could affect the emergence and resurgence of leishmaniasis in areas endemic by this vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Galvis-Martinez
- Programa de Biología, Universidad de Pamplona, Grupo de investigación en Ecología y Biogeografía (GIEB), Pamplona, Norte de Santander, Colombia
| | - David A Moo-Llanes
- Centro Regional de Investigación en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - Mariano Altamiranda-Saavedra
- Grupo de Investigación Bioforense, Tecnológico de Antioquia Institución Universitaria, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia
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de Oca-Aguilar ACM, Rebollar-Téllez EA, Sosa-Bibiano EI, López-Avila KB, Torres-Castro JR, Loría-Cervera EN. Effect of land use change on the phlebotomine sand fly assemblages in an emergent focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Yucatan, Mexico. Acta Trop 2022; 235:106628. [PMID: 35952923 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
As land use intensifies in tropical forests, it is expected that species assemblages will be modified and that key functions of these ecosystems will be affected. The latter scenario is important from a public health perspective, because the land use change has been linked the outbreaks of vector-borne diseases. In this study, we evaluated the response of Phlebotominae (Diptera: Psychodidae) assemblages and their pattern of co-occurrence in four sites with different land use in an emerging cutaneous leishmaniasis focus in Yucatan, Mexico. Our hypothesis is that the conservation status (as forest cover) will positively influence the structure and composition of sand flies' assemblages. Using three different traps over a period of five months, a sampling effort of 1, 440 night-traps was performed. A total of 7, 897 sand fly specimens belonging to six genera and 10 species were collected. Our hypothesis was partially achieved since sand fly diversity increased as forest cover increased and vice versa, however random patterns of co-occurrence in assemblages were detected among sites. Even though the high abundance of sand flies in the forest fragment suggests an amplification effect, our results show that different vector species directly dominate in each site. We discuss the potential implications of the nestedness of species dominance. We suggest that in this emerging focus and under the land use gradient, Lutzomyia cruciata and Psathyromyia cratifer could play a pivotal role in maintaining the transmission cycles of Leishmania. The apparent generalist or colonialist profile of Lu. cruciata in disturbed areas deserves attention, due to the potential risk of leishmaniasis "domiciliation". This information is essential to understand the eco-epidemiology of leishmaniasis and the factors associated with its emergence in Yucatan, Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Montes de Oca-Aguilar
- Laboratorio de inmunología, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales "Dr. Hideyo Noguchi", Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mexico.
| | - E A Rebollar-Téllez
- Laboratorio de Entomología Médica, Departamento de Zoología de Invertebrados, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Mexico
| | - E I Sosa-Bibiano
- Laboratorio de inmunología, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales "Dr. Hideyo Noguchi", Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mexico
| | - K B López-Avila
- Laboratorio de inmunología, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales "Dr. Hideyo Noguchi", Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mexico
| | - J R Torres-Castro
- Dirección de Prevención y Protección de la Salud de los Servicios de Salud del Estado de Yucatán, Mexico
| | - E N Loría-Cervera
- Laboratorio de inmunología, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales "Dr. Hideyo Noguchi", Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mexico
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Urango LLanes HJ, HOYOS LOPEZ RICHARD. FLEBOTOMÍNEOS (PSYCHODIDAE: PHLEBOTOMINAE) EN LA ZONA PERIURBANA DE MONTERÍA (CÓRDOBA- COLOMBIA). ACTA BIOLÓGICA COLOMBIANA 2022. [DOI: 10.15446/abc.v27n3.92751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar la diversidad de flebotomíneos (Diptera: Psychodidae) en la zona peri-urbana de Montería, (Córdoba-Colombia). Los especímenes se colectaron en cuatro localidades alrededor de Montería con trampas CDC y aspiradores bucales durante febrero y junio de 2018. Los individuos se fragmentaron y aclararon con lactofenol para su posterior identificación mediante claves taxonómicas especializadas. Se estimó la diversidad con el índice de Shannon-Wiener, las localidades se compararon usando la distancia de Bray-Curtis y se cuantificó la riqueza con los índices de Chao 2 y Jacknife 2. Se identificaron seis especies: Micropygomyia cayennensis, Lutzomyia gomezi, Pintomyia rangeliana, Micropygomyia micropyga, Psathyromyia shannoni y Pintomyia evansi. Los sitios de muestreo fueron similares en cuanto a diversidad. Se concluye que la zona peri-urbana de Montería está habitada por especies generalistas de dípteros de la familia Psychodidae que constituyen un riesgo epidemiológico. La riqueza en el área se ve afectada por las características propias de las especies encontradas.
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Brilhante AF, Lima L, de Ávila MM, Medeiros-Sousa AR, de Souza JF, dos Santos NP, de Paula MB, Godoy RE, Sábio PB, Cardoso CDO, Nunes VLB, Teixeira MMG, Galati EAB. Remarkable diversity, new records and Leishmania detection in the sand fly fauna of an area of high endemicity for cutaneous leishmaniasis in Acre state, Brazilian Amazonian Forest. Acta Trop 2021; 223:106103. [PMID: 34416187 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.106103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The species richness of Amazonian phlebotomines is considered to be one of the highest in the world. In the present study, we investigated the richness and diversity of phlebotomine fauna in Xapuri city, Acre state, Western Brazilian Amazonia, which is an area that is highly endemic for cutaneous leishmaniasis. Sand fly collections were performed monthly from August 2013 to July 2015 (288 h total of sampling effort) in intradomiciliary, peridomiciliary, and forested environments of two localities. Collected females were dissected, microscopically examined for flagellates in their guts, and preserved in ethanol. A total of 21,197 specimens comprising 14 genera and 57 species were collected, and the majority of these were Nyssomyia, Psychodopygus, and Trichophoromyia genera. Three new records of phlebotomine species for Acre are presented here, including Brumptomyia brumpti, Psathyromyia pradobarrientosi, and for the first time in Brazil, Th. omagua. In Xapuri, the phlebotomine fauna of different ecotopes was varied in regard to abundance, diversity, and frequency, and they included proven and permissive vectors of Leishmania spp. The fauna discovered in the forested areas (57 species) was richer and more diverse than was that (33 species) identified in the peri‑ and intra-domiciles. The identification of Leishmania subgenera that were present in sand fly guts according to SSU rRNA sequences revealed ten and three species harboring Leishmania of subgenera Viannia and Leishmania (most likely Leishmania amazonensis), respectively. The presence of Leishmania (Leishmania) in sand flies are reported here for the first time in Acre. The presence of L. (Viannia) spp. in Brumptomyia sp. and Lutzomyia sherlocki. and the occurrence of mixed infections with Leishmania of both subgenera in Ps. lainsoni have been reported for the first time in Brazil. Taken together, data from previous studies and from the present study highlight the remarkable complexity of phlebotomine fauna that is possibly due to the well-preserved Xapuri forested areas sustaining vital economic activities of plant extraction and ecological tourism. Our findings also provide new insights into the ongoing adaptation of Trichophoromyia and Psychodopygus species to human habitats.
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Duque PL, Arrivillaga-Henríquez J, Enríquez S, Ron-Garrido L, Benítez W, Navarro JC. Spatial-Temporal Analysis of Lutzomyia trapidoi and Lutzomyia reburra (Diptera: Phlebotominae), in Rural Tourist Locations, Biosphere Reserve and Leishmaniasis Endemic Area, Ecuador. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 57:1905-1912. [PMID: 32533171 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjaa102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This research represents the first attempt to assess the spatial and temporal distribution based on micro-meso scales on two species with different host preference habits (anthropophilic vs zoophilic), in the major Leishmaniasis endemic area in Ecuador, tourist locations, and Biosphere reserve. Phlebotomine species, Lutzomyia trapidoi (Fairchild) and Lutzomyia reburra (Fairchild and Hertig), were analyzed by trap/habitat/month/locality/altitude, through the Poisson generalized regression model. Our data reveal a bimodal pattern for both species related with low precipitations and preference for forest habitat. Altitude, proximity to the forest, and the river were the variables that determine the hypervolume of the spatial distribution of relative abundance, where the overlap of these two species increases the risk of translocation and circulation of the etiological agent of leishmaniasis in sylvatic environments to rural-tourist-biosphere reserve areas and vice versa. The ecological characteristics of these two phlebotomines could explain the permanence of the major active and endemic focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the North-Western Ecuador a key aspect in tourism health-security in alternative tourism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul L Duque
- Unidad de Entomología Aplicada - Instituto de Investigaciones en Zoonosis (CIZ), Universidad Central del Ecuador, Grupo de Investigación GIBCIZ-UCE. Quito, Ecuador
- Centro de Biodiversidad, Enfermedades Emergentes y Salud Ambiental, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Ambientales, Universidad Internacional SEK. Quito, Ecuador
- Egresado de la Facultad de Biología, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Jazzmín Arrivillaga-Henríquez
- Unidad de Entomología Aplicada - Instituto de Investigaciones en Zoonosis (CIZ), Universidad Central del Ecuador, Grupo de Investigación GIBCIZ-UCE. Quito, Ecuador
- Línea Salud, Calidad y Biodiversidad. Área Ambiente y Territorio. Carrera Turismo THC- FACSO, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Sandra Enríquez
- Unidad de Entomología Aplicada - Instituto de Investigaciones en Zoonosis (CIZ), Universidad Central del Ecuador, Grupo de Investigación GIBCIZ-UCE. Quito, Ecuador
| | - Lenin Ron-Garrido
- Unidad de Entomología Aplicada - Instituto de Investigaciones en Zoonosis (CIZ), Universidad Central del Ecuador, Grupo de Investigación GIBCIZ-UCE. Quito, Ecuador
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Zootecnia, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Washington Benítez
- Unidad de Entomología Aplicada - Instituto de Investigaciones en Zoonosis (CIZ), Universidad Central del Ecuador, Grupo de Investigación GIBCIZ-UCE. Quito, Ecuador
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Zootecnia, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Juan-Carlos Navarro
- Centro de Biodiversidad, Enfermedades Emergentes y Salud Ambiental, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Ambientales, Universidad Internacional SEK. Quito, Ecuador
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10
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Rebêlo JMM, Moraes JLP, Cruz GBV, Andrade-Silva J, Bandeira MDCA, Oliveira Pereira YN, Santos CLCD. Influence of Deforestation on the Community Structure of Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in Eastern Amazonia. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2019; 56:1004-1012. [PMID: 30887047 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjz014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Variation in the structure of phlebotomine (sand fly) communities in forest fragments with different degrees of preservation and human occupation (peridomicile) in eastern Amazonia was studied. We identified 43 species of sand flies in our study, of which 38 occurred in both preserved forest areas and in the peridomiciles of short-term settlements, while another 28 species occurred in altered forest fragments and long-term settlements. The composition of the community at each site changed with the type of environment (forest or peridomicile), with the species Lutzomyia evandroi, L. whitmani, L. choti, L. serrana, L. triacantha, L. migonei, L. hirsuta, L. shannoni, and L. brachyphylla accounting for more than 54% of the differences among environments. The quality of the environment exerted a significant influence on the structure of phlebotomine communities, and affected their species composition, richness, and abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Manuel Macário Rebêlo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação da Rede Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia da Amazônia Legal - Rede BIONORTE da Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Conservação da Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brasil
- Laboratório de Entomologia e Vetores, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Avenida dos Portugueses, São Luís, Maranhão, Brasil
| | - Jorge Luiz Pinto Moraes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação da Rede Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia da Amazônia Legal - Rede BIONORTE da Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brasil
| | - Gustavo Barbosa Vieira Cruz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação da Rede Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia da Amazônia Legal - Rede BIONORTE da Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brasil
| | - Joudellys Andrade-Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Conservação da Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brasil
| | | | - Yrla Nívea Oliveira Pereira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Ambiente da Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brasil
| | - Ciro Líbio Caldas Dos Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil
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11
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Waitz Y, Paz S, Meir D, Malkinson D. Effects of land use type, spatial patterns and host presence on Leishmania tropica vectors activity. Parasit Vectors 2019; 12:320. [PMID: 31238938 PMCID: PMC6593564 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3562-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne disease, caused by the infection of Leishmania parasites which are transmitted by the bite of infected female phlebotomine sand flies. Leishmania tropica is transmitted by Phlebotomus sergenti and Phlebotomus arabicus while the main reservoir host is the rock hyrax. A marked increase in the incidence of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) caused by L. tropica has been detected in recent years in Israel; it is associated with infections which have emerged in new urban and rural foci. The objective of this study is to contribute to a better understanding of the preferred habitat, spatial activities and host-sand fly relationships of both species of vectors within various types of land use. METHODS Using CDC-type traps, we investigated the activity levels of sand flies. A field survey was conducted in 2016 at Elifelet, an agricultural village characterized by various types of land use. Movement patterns of P. sergenti between rock-piles were investigated by using colour-marked sugar baits and analyses of recapture patterns. In 2017, a survey was conducted in the hilly Jordan River area, by comparing sand flies and rock hyrax activities in relation to the size of rock-piles and vegetation cover. RESULTS Both sexes of both species were found to have a clear preference for rocky habitats over other land use types in rural landscapes. Movement patterns of P. sergenti were characterized by their high presence close to the rocks and an exponential decrease in their recapture, commensurate with the distance from the rocks. Host-sand fly relationships were found to have a higher correlation between rock hyrax activity levels for females than for males of both species of sand flies. Males exhibited the strongest association with the size of rock-piles. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest a strong affinity of both phlebotomine vector species to the rocky habitats of the Mediterranean areas. We suggest that rock-piles are associated with populations of rock hyraxes attracting female sand flies seeking blood sources. Rapid human population growth, coupled with intensive land-use changes and the creation of artificial rock-piles, which created potential habitats for both vectors and hosts in the proximity of many settlements, have increased the prevalence of L. tropica among the human population in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoni Waitz
- Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.
| | - Shlomit Paz
- Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | | | - Dan Malkinson
- Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.,Shamir Research Institute, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
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12
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Ramezankhani R, Sajjadi N, Nezakati Esmaeilzadeh R, Jozi SA, Shirzadi MR. Climate and environmental factors affecting the incidence of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Isfahan, Iran. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:11516-11526. [PMID: 29427273 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1340-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a vector-borne human disease caused by Leishmania, a parasite transmitted by sand flies. CL is endemic in the Isfahan Province, Iran. This study was designed to identify the climate and environmental factors associated with CL incidence in Isfahan Province. Data included incident cases of CL, climate, and environmental factors, which were collected across 23 districts of province from 2007 to 2015. Analyses were performed with generalized linear models (GLMs) to fit a function to the relationships between the response and predictors. We used negative binomial regression due to over-dispersed distribution of CL cases. The effects of all seven climate and environmental factors were found to be significant (all p < 0.01), and the model explained 40% of the deviance of CL incidence. There was a positive relation between mean temperature, relative humidity, and slope of area with disease incidence; however, negative association was demonstrated between maximum wind speed, rainfall, altitude, and vegetation cover with CL incidence. Cutaneous leishmaniasis continues to be a widespread challenge, especially in northwestern parts of Iran. Climate and environmental factors should be considered when selecting the most appropriate strategies for preventing and controlling CL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roghieh Ramezankhani
- Department of Environment, Tehran North Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
- Communicable Diseases Management Center, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Nooshin Sajjadi
- Department of Environment, Tehran North Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Seyed Ali Jozi
- Department of Environment, Tehran North Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Shirzadi
- Communicable Diseases Management Center, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
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13
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Thies SF, Bronzoni RVDM, Michalsky ÉM, Santos ESD, Silva DJFD, Dias ES, Damazo AS. Aspects on the ecology of phlebotomine sand flies and natural infection by Leishmania hertigi in the Southeastern Amazon Basin of Brazil. Acta Trop 2018; 177:37-43. [PMID: 28964769 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The medical and veterinary importance of sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) follow as a result of some species ability to transmit the zoonotic protozoa of the genus Leishmania. Of all municipalities in the state of Mato Grosso, Sinop ranks first in reported cases of American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (ACL). Sinop urban zone encompasses three permanent forest preservation areas (APPs) that provide refuge for insects and other vertebrate hosts. We assessed ecological parameters and investigated the natural infection by Leishmania spp. of the phlebotomine fauna from four ecotypes with different levels of urbanization in the urban area of Sinop. A total of 62,745 sand flies were collected, of which 52.34% female. Out of 37 species in this study, nine were found to be constant. Sand flies frequency and diversity were highest in APPs (96.85%; 33 species). Lutzomyia dasypodogeton was the most frequent species and exhibited the greatest abundance (SISA=0.977). The neighborhoods around APPs and completely urbanized neighborhoods presented noteworthy ecological similarity. Moreover, eight vector sand fly species with medicalwere identified, and one L. antunesi sample pool was found to be naturally infected with Le. hertigi. We observed a high frequency and diversity of sand flies, including some species that are known to be major vectors of ACL. Further studies are needed on the natural rates of infection in humans, domestic animals, and sylvatic hosts to better comprehend the leishmaniases dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirlei Franck Thies
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil; Escritório Regional de Saúde de Sinop, Sinop, MT, Brazil.
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14
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Gundacker ND, Carrera JP, Castillo M, Díaz Y, Valenzuela J, Tamhane A, Moreno B, Pascale JM, Tesh RB, López-Vergès S. Clinical Manifestations of Punta Toro Virus Species Complex Infections, Panama, 2009. Emerg Infect Dis 2017; 23:872-874. [PMID: 28418305 PMCID: PMC5403033 DOI: 10.3201/eid2305.161925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
An investigation in Panama found that Punta Toro virus species complex (PTVs) may contribute to febrile illnesses with symptoms mirroring those of dengue fever. However, further studies are needed to determine if PTV infection causes only a mild disease or if it can have more serious manifestations in some patients.
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15
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de Souza AAA, da Rocha Barata I, das Graças Soares Silva M, Lima JAN, Jennings YLL, Ishikawa EAY, Prévot G, Ginouves M, Silveira FT, Shaw J, dos Santos TV. Natural Leishmania (Viannia) infections of phlebotomines (Diptera: Psychodidae) indicate classical and alternative transmission cycles of American cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Guiana Shield, Brazil. Parasite 2017; 24:13. [PMID: 28508745 PMCID: PMC5432964 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2017016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
From 1996 to 1999 multi-trapping methods (Center of Diseases Control, CDC) light traps, light-baited Shannon traps, and aspiration on tree bases) were used to study the phlebotomine fauna of the "Serra do Navio" region of the Brazilian State of Amapá, which is part of the Guiana Shield. Fifty-three species were identified among 8,685 captured individuals. The following species, associated with the transmission of American cutaneous leishmaniasis in Amazonian Brazil, were captured: Nyssomyia umbratilis (3,388), Psychodopygus squamiventris maripaensis (995), Ny. anduzei (550), Trichophoromyia ubiquitalis (400), Ny. whitmani (291), Ps. paraensis (116), and Bichromomyia flaviscutellata (50). Flagellate infections were detected in 45 flies. Of the 19 parasites isolated in vitro, 15 were Leishmania (Viannia) guyanensis (13 in Ny. umbratilis, 1 in Ny. whitmani, 1 in Ny. anduzei) and three were L. (V.) naiffi (2 in Ps. s. maripaensis, 1 in Ny. anduzei). The results indicate the participation of three phlebotomine species in the transmission of L. (V.) guyanensis and two species in that of L. (V.) naiffi, and show that the same phlebotomine species is involved in the transmission of different Leishmania (Viannia) species in the Guianan/Amazon region. A review of the literature together with the results of the present study, and other published and unpublished results, indicate that eight phlebotomine species potentially participate in the transmission of Leishmania (Viannia) naiffi in Amazonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelson Alcimar Almeida de Souza
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Seção de Parasitologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas (Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde) Ananindeua zip code 67.030-000
Pará State Brazil
| | - Iorlando da Rocha Barata
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Seção de Parasitologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas (Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde) Ananindeua zip code 67.030-000
Pará State Brazil
| | - Maria das Graças Soares Silva
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Seção de Parasitologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas (Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde) Ananindeua zip code 67.030-000
Pará State Brazil
| | - José Aprígio Nunes Lima
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Seção de Parasitologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas (Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde) Ananindeua zip code 67.030-000
Pará State Brazil
| | - Yara Lúcia Lins Jennings
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Seção de Parasitologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas (Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde) Ananindeua zip code 67.030-000
Pará State Brazil
| | - Edna Aoba Yassui Ishikawa
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Núcleo de Medicina Tropical, Universidade Federal do Pará Belém zip code 66055-240
Pará State Brazil
| | - Ghislaine Prévot
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Département de Médecine, Ecosystèmes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale, EA 3593, Labex CEBA, Université de Guyane zip code 97300
Cayenne French Guiana
| | - Marine Ginouves
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Département de Médecine, Ecosystèmes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale, EA 3593, Labex CEBA, Université de Guyane zip code 97300
Cayenne French Guiana
| | - Fernando Tobias Silveira
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Seção de Parasitologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas (Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde) Ananindeua zip code 67.030-000
Pará State Brazil
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Núcleo de Medicina Tropical, Universidade Federal do Pará Belém zip code 66055-240
Pará State Brazil
| | - Jeffrey Shaw
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Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo zip code 05508-000
São Paulo Brazil
| | - Thiago Vasconcelos dos Santos
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Seção de Parasitologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas (Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde) Ananindeua zip code 67.030-000
Pará State Brazil
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16
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Ebrahimi S, Bordbar A, Parvizi P. Genetic dynamics in the sand fly (Diptera: Psychodidae) nuclear and mitochondrial genotypes: evidence for vector adaptation at the border of Iran with Iraq. Parasit Vectors 2016; 9:319. [PMID: 27260204 PMCID: PMC4893242 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-016-1603-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Our investigation uses nucleotide variations of the genera Phlebotomus and Sergentomyia using the EF-1α and Cyt b genotype regions to describe the sand fly fauna and genetic aspects collected at war-torn sites of the Khuzestan boundary between Iraq and Iran. Methods All sand fly species were characterized using molecular genetics. The field work was conducted in six districts including 24 locations in remote areas for three years at the peak of sand fly activity during cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) transmission seasons. The distribution of CL vectors was determined based on the climatic regionalization using the kriging method in ArcGIS model. DNA of sand fly pools were screened via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using neutrality (Tajima’s D) and neutral allele frequency (Fu’s Fs) tests to measure the effect of randomly evolving DNA sequence on the genetic diversity of sand fly populations in response to habitat fragmentation and landscape modification. Results Among the 1213 specimens, ten species were identified based on morphology. The non-native species Phlebotomus sergenti was unequivocally found for the first time in the studied regions. Nucleotide substitutions of sand fly sequences varied most in the most disrupted districts (Dashte-Azadegan and Abadan; disparity index test: P < 0.05). The haplotypes of Cyt b from the subgenus Sergentomyia and P. papatasi revealed more heterogeneity (Tajima’s D > +2) than P. alexandri (D > +1), which suggests widespread heteroplasmic mitochondrial DNA mutations in the same mtDNA gene among different sand fly species. Subgenus Sintonius exhibited greater fitness (D = 0) and (neutrality test; P > 0.05) no evidence of selection. The sequence of the nuclear gene EF-1α indicated similar nucleotide differences, as observed for the Cyt b gene, in all sand fly species, but lower levels of polymorphisms (D > +1) were observed compared with the mitochondrial Cyt b gene (D > +2) in the subgenus Sergentomyia. Conclusion Our findings describe random nucleotide diversity in the Phlebotomus and Sergentomyia population gene pools due to recent anthropogenic influence. A phylogenetic analysis showed that the closely related species are positioned in monophyletic clades, except for the subgenus Sergentomyia and P. sergenti, and highlights the importance of haplotype variations for the development of adaptability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Ebrahimi
- Molecular Systematics Laboratory, Parasitology Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.,Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Bordbar
- Molecular Systematics Laboratory, Parasitology Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.,Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parviz Parvizi
- Molecular Systematics Laboratory, Parasitology Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran. .,Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
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17
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de Souza AAA, Dos Santos TV, Jennings YLL, Ishikawa EAY, Barata IDR, Silva MDGS, Lima JAN, Shaw J, Lainson R, Silveira FT. Natural Leishmania (Viannia) spp. infections in phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) from the Brazilian Amazon region reveal new putative transmission cycles of American cutaneous leishmaniasis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 23:22. [PMID: 27235194 PMCID: PMC4884270 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2016022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In Amazonian Brazil the etiological agents of American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) belong to at least seven Leishmania species but little is known about the putative phlebotomine sand fly vectors in different biomes. In 2002–2003 a survey of the phlebotomine fauna was undertaken in the “Floresta Nacional do Tapajós”, Belterra municipality, in the lower Amazon region, western Pará State, Brazil, where we recently confirmed the presence of a putative hybrid parasite, L. (V.) guyanensis × L. (V.) shawi shawi. Sand flies were collected from Centers for Disease Control (CDC) light traps, Shannon traps and by aspiration on tree bases. Females were dissected and attempts to isolate any flagellate infections were made by inoculating homogenized midguts into Difco B45 medium. Isolates were characterized by monoclonal antibodies and isoenzyme electrophoresis. A total of 9,704 sand flies, belonging to 68 species or subspecies, were collected. Infections were found in the following sand flies: L. (V.) naiffi with Psychodopygus hirsutus hirsutus (1) and Ps. davisi (2); and L. (V.) shawi shawi with Nyssomyia whitmani (3) and Lutzomyia gomezi (1). These results provide strong evidence of new putative transmission cycles for L. (V.) naiffi and L. (V.) s. shawi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelson Alcimar Almeida de Souza
- Parasitology Department, Evandro Chagas Institute (Surveillance Secretary of Health, Ministry of Health), Ananindeua, Pará State, Brazil
| | - Thiago Vasconcelos Dos Santos
- Parasitology Department, Evandro Chagas Institute (Surveillance Secretary of Health, Ministry of Health), Ananindeua, Pará State, Brazil
| | - Yara Lúcia Lins Jennings
- Parasitology Department, Evandro Chagas Institute (Surveillance Secretary of Health, Ministry of Health), Ananindeua, Pará State, Brazil
| | | | - Iorlando da Rocha Barata
- Parasitology Department, Evandro Chagas Institute (Surveillance Secretary of Health, Ministry of Health), Ananindeua, Pará State, Brazil
| | - Maria das Graças Soares Silva
- Parasitology Department, Evandro Chagas Institute (Surveillance Secretary of Health, Ministry of Health), Ananindeua, Pará State, Brazil
| | - José Aprígio Nunes Lima
- Parasitology Department, Evandro Chagas Institute (Surveillance Secretary of Health, Ministry of Health), Ananindeua, Pará State, Brazil
| | - Jeffrey Shaw
- Biomedical Sciences Institute, São Paulo University, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Ralph Lainson
- Parasitology Department, Evandro Chagas Institute (Surveillance Secretary of Health, Ministry of Health), Ananindeua, Pará State, Brazil
| | - Fernando Tobias Silveira
- Parasitology Department, Evandro Chagas Institute (Surveillance Secretary of Health, Ministry of Health), Ananindeua, Pará State, Brazil - Tropical Medicine Nucleus, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará State, Brazil
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18
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Ali N, Khan K, Wahid S, Khan NH, Shah SU. Species composition and activity patterns of sand flies (Psycodidae: Phlebotomine) in four tehsils of Dir Districts, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Acta Trop 2016; 156:144-51. [PMID: 26801883 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The present study reports sand flies species composition, fauna diversity and seasonal variations from four tehsils of Dir Districts, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Collection was made using sticky traps, flit method and aspiration where highest number of sand flies was captured through sticky traps. Digitalized sand flies distribution maps were produced using geographic information system ArcGIS. A total of 7292 specimens were captured between January to December 2014, comprised of 11 Sergentomyia and 9 Phlebotomus. Phlebotomus salengensis was the most abundant species followed by Phlebotomus sergenti. Overall, male to female ratio observed was 3:1 and species diversity varied among the studied tehsils. Highest abundance was recorded in July and August, whereas the flies disappeared in the colder months (November-April) of the year. Information about insect vector behaviour in natural setting is required to understand the status of disease caused by them. This study is a thorough account of biodiversity of sand flies in the region and provides a useful insight in to identifying potential breeding preferences of sand flies and recognition of active and potential vector species in the Dir districts. Further large scale studies are needed to determine the behaviour, infection rate, and the natural reservoir hosts of sand fly vectors in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naheed Ali
- Department of Zoology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
| | - Khurshaid Khan
- Department of Zoology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
| | - Sobia Wahid
- Department of Zoology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
| | - Nazma Habib Khan
- Department of Zoology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
| | - Safeer Ullah Shah
- National Center of Excellence in Geology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
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19
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Yamada K, Valderrama A, Gottdenker N, Cerezo L, Minakawa N, Saldaña A, Calzada JE, Chaves LF. Macroecological patterns of American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis transmission across the health areas of Panamá (1980-2012). Parasite Epidemiol Control 2016; 1:42-55. [PMID: 29988197 PMCID: PMC5991822 DOI: 10.1016/j.parepi.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (ACL) is a neglected vector-borne zoonosis that persists despite increasing socio-economic development and urbanization in Panamá. Here, we investigate the association between environmental changes and spatio-temporal ACL transmission in the Republic of Panamá (1980-2012). We employ a macroecological approach, where patterns of variation in ACL incidence at the spatially coarse-grained scale of health areas are studied considering factors linked to the ecology of ACL transmission. We specifically study impacts of climatic variability, measured by the different phases of El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), within diverse ecosystems and sand fly (Diptera: Psychodidae) vector species, as well as heterogeneous local climatic patterns, deforestation, population growth rates, and changes in social marginalization. We found that over the study period, patterns of ACL incidence: (i) were asynchronous with clusters changing from east to west of the Panamá Canal, (ii) trends increased in the west, and decreased or remained nearly constant in the east, independent of human population growth, (iii) generally increased in years following El Niño, and (iv) decreased as forest cover increased. We found no significant association between changes in socio-economic indicators and ACL transmission. Regarding vector abundance and presence, we found that studies had been biased to locations east of the Panamá canal, and that, in general, the abundance of dominant vector species decreased during the cold phase of ENSO. Finally, our results indicate that a macroecological approach is useful to understand heterogeneities related to environmental change impacts on ACL transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Yamada
- Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Sakamoto 1-12-4, 852-8523 Nagasaki, Japan.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Sakamoto 1-12-4, 852-8523 Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Anayansi Valderrama
- Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud (ICGES), Apartado Postal No. 0816-02593, Ciudad de Panamá, Panama
| | - Nicole Gottdenker
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Lizbeth Cerezo
- Departamento de Epidemiología, Ministerio de Salud, Ciudad de Panamá, Panama
| | - Noboru Minakawa
- Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Sakamoto 1-12-4, 852-8523 Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Azael Saldaña
- Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud (ICGES), Apartado Postal No. 0816-02593, Ciudad de Panamá, Panama
| | - José E Calzada
- Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud (ICGES), Apartado Postal No. 0816-02593, Ciudad de Panamá, Panama
| | - Luis Fernando Chaves
- Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Sakamoto 1-12-4, 852-8523 Nagasaki, Japan.,Programa de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales (PIET), Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional, Apartado Postal 304-3000, Heredia, Costa Rica
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20
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Srinivasan R, Jambulingam P, Kumar NP, Selvakumar M, Edwin B, Kumar TD. Temporal distribution and behaviour of sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in a cutaneous leishmaniasis focus of the Kani Tribe settlements in the Western Ghats, India. Acta Trop 2015; 148:147-55. [PMID: 25917713 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2015.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Revised: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The temporal distribution of sand flies in relation to environmental factors was studied in the Kani tribe settlements located on the southernmost part of the Western Ghats, Kerala, India, between June 2012 and May 2013. This area is known for occurrence of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) cases. Employing hand-held aspirator, light trap and sticky-trap collection methods, a total of 7874 sand fly specimens, comprising 19 species was collected. Sergentomyia baghdadis was predominant species, followed by Phlebotomus argentipes. Sand fly abundance was significantly higher indoors (χ(2)=9241.8; p=0.0001) than outdoors. Mean density of P. argentipes in human dwellings, cattle sheds and outdoors was 7.2±2.9, 27.33±21.1 and 0.64±0.2 females/per man-hour (MHR), respectively. No sand fly species other than P. argentipes was obtained from cattle sheds. Although, sand fly populations were prevalent throughout the year, their abundance fluctuated with seasonal changes. Multiple regression analysis with backward elimination indicated that the increase in precipitation and relative humidity contributed to a significant positive association with the increase in sand fly abundance, while the increase in temperature showed no association. Fully engorged female sand flies tested for blood meal source showed multiple host-blood feeding. Analysis of resting populations of sand flies collected from human shelters indicated that the populations were found maximum on interior walls at 6-8 and >8 ft height, including ceiling during summer (F=83.7, df=6, p=0.001) and at the lower half of the wall at 0 and 0-2 ft height, during monsoon season (F=41.4, df=6, p=0.001). In cooler months, no preference to any height level (F=1.67, df=6, p=0.2) was observed. Proportion of females sand flies with Sella's classification of abdominal stages, namely full-fed, half-gravid and gravid females did not vary significantly (t=1.98, p=0.13827) indoors, confirming their endophilic behaviour. Risk of CL transmission in these tribal settlements is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Srinivasan
- Vector Control Research Centre (Indian Council of Medical Research), Pondicherry 605 006, India
| | - P Jambulingam
- Vector Control Research Centre (Indian Council of Medical Research), Pondicherry 605 006, India.
| | - N Pradeep Kumar
- Vector Control Research Centre (Indian Council of Medical Research), Pondicherry 605 006, India
| | - M Selvakumar
- Vector Control Research Centre (Indian Council of Medical Research), Pondicherry 605 006, India
| | - B Edwin
- Vector Control Research Centre (Indian Council of Medical Research), Pondicherry 605 006, India
| | - T Dilip Kumar
- Directorate of Health Services, Government of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram 695 035, Kerala, India
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21
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Ramos WR, Medeiros JF, Julião GR, Ríos-Velásquez CM, Marialva EF, Desmouliére SJM, Luz SLB, Pessoa FAC. Anthropic effects on sand fly (Diptera: Psychodidae) abundance and diversity in an Amazonian rural settlement, Brazil. Acta Trop 2014; 139:44-52. [PMID: 25009952 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2014.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Revised: 05/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) are responsible for the transmission of protozoan parasites that cause leishmaniases. They are found predominantly in forests, but some species exploit environments that have been subject to deforestation and subsequent human colonization. Studies conducted in Brazil over the past 30 years show that some species are adapting to peri-urban and urban settings. We evaluated sand fly diversity and abundance in the rural settlement of Rio Pardo, Presidente Figueiredo Municipality, Amazonas State, Brazil. Settlement households were divided into four categories. These categories were determined by the human population density and the degree of deforestation in the immediate area. We used CDC light traps to sample the area surrounding 24 households (6 households in each category). Samples were taken on six occasions during September-November 2009 and June-August 2010. A total of 3074 sand fly specimens were collected, including 1163 females and 1911 males. These were classified into 13 genera and 52 species. The greatest abundance of sand flies and the greatest richness of species were observed in areas where human population density was highest. Our results show that changes in the human occupancy and vegetation management in rural settlements may affect the population dynamics and distribution of sand fly species, thereby affecting the local transmission of cutaneous leishmaniases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walkyria Rodrigues Ramos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Entomologia Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia/INPA, Av. André Araújo 2936, Petrópolis, CP 2223, Manaus, Amazonas CEP 69080-971, Brazil; Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane, Fiocruz AMAZÔNIA, Rua Terezina, 476, Adrianópolis, Manaus, Amazonas CEP 69-057-070, Brazil
| | - Jansen Fernandes Medeiros
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Entomologia Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia/INPA, Av. André Araújo 2936, Petrópolis, CP 2223, Manaus, Amazonas CEP 69080-971, Brazil; Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz Rondônia, Rua da Beira 7671, Porto Velho, Rondônia CEP 76812-245, Brazil
| | - Genimar Rebouças Julião
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz Rondônia, Rua da Beira 7671, Porto Velho, Rondônia CEP 76812-245, Brazil
| | - Claudia María Ríos-Velásquez
- Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane, Fiocruz AMAZÔNIA, Rua Terezina, 476, Adrianópolis, Manaus, Amazonas CEP 69-057-070, Brazil
| | - Eric Fabrício Marialva
- Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane, Fiocruz AMAZÔNIA, Rua Terezina, 476, Adrianópolis, Manaus, Amazonas CEP 69-057-070, Brazil
| | - Sylvain J M Desmouliére
- Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane, Fiocruz AMAZÔNIA, Rua Terezina, 476, Adrianópolis, Manaus, Amazonas CEP 69-057-070, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Luiz Bessa Luz
- Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane, Fiocruz AMAZÔNIA, Rua Terezina, 476, Adrianópolis, Manaus, Amazonas CEP 69-057-070, Brazil
| | - Felipe Arley Costa Pessoa
- Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane, Fiocruz AMAZÔNIA, Rua Terezina, 476, Adrianópolis, Manaus, Amazonas CEP 69-057-070, Brazil.
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22
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Dutari LC, Loaiza JR. American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Panama: a historical review of entomological studies on anthropophilic Lutzomyia sand fly species. Parasit Vectors 2014; 7:218. [PMID: 24886629 PMCID: PMC4026118 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-7-218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We review existing information on the epidemiology of American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (ACL) in Panama, with emphasis on the bionomics of anthropophilic Lutzomyia sand fly species. Evidence from Panamanian studies suggests that there are six anthropophilic species in the country: Lutzomyia trapidoi, Lu. panamensis, Lu. gomezi, Lu. ylephiletor, Lu. sanguinaria and Lu. pessoana (Henceforth Lu. carrerai thula). In general, these taxa are abundant, widespread and feed opportunistically on their hosts, which make them potential transmitters of pathogens to a broad range of wildlife, domesticated animals and humans. Furthermore, nearly all man-biting species in Panama (with the exception of Lu. gomezi) expand demographically during the rainy season when transmission is likely higher due to elevated Leishmania infection rates in vector populations. Despite this, data on the distribution and prevalence of ACL suggest little influence of vector density on transmission intensity. Apart from Lu. trapidoi, anthropophilic species seem to be most active in the understory, but vertical stratification, as well as their opportunistic feeding behavior, could vary geographically. This in turn seems related to variation in host species composition and relative abundance across sites that have experienced different degrees of human alteration (e.g., deforestation) in leishmaniasis endemic regions of Panama.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jose R Loaiza
- Centro de Biodiversidad & Descubrimiento de Drogas, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas & Servicios de Alta Tecnología, Edificio 219, Clayton, PO 0843-01103, Ciudad del Saber, República de Panamá.
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23
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Effect of environmental disturbance on the population of sandflies and leishmania transmission in an endemic area of Venezuela. J Trop Med 2014; 2014:280629. [PMID: 24949018 PMCID: PMC3997880 DOI: 10.1155/2014/280629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2013] [Revised: 02/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The exploitation of new wilderness areas with crops is increasing and traditional crop substitution has been modified by new more productive crops. The results show the anthropogenic disturbance effect on the sandflies population and Leishmania transmission in endemic areas of Venezuela. Three agroecosystems with variable degrees of ecological disturbance, forest (conserved), cacao (fragmented), and orangery (disturbed), were selected. Four methods to sandfly capture were used; the specimens were identified and infected with Leishmania. Diversity, population structure, ANOVA, Tukey test, and simple correlation analysis were carried out. Shannon traps were able to capture 94.7% of the total sandflies, while CDC light traps, Sticky traps, and direct suction just captured 2.2%, 1.2%, and 0.9%, respectively. The results showed the effect of ecological disturbance degree on the composition of sandflies and population structure, revealing a dominance level increased but decreased on the diversity and richness of sandflies species in the greatest ecological disturbance area in relation to areas with less organic disturbance. Environments more disturbed cause adaptability of certain species such as Lutzomyia gomezi and Lutzomyia walkeri. These changes on the composition of sandflies population and structure emerging species could cause increasing of leishmaniasis transmission.
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Wei L, Kelly P, Ackerson K, El-Mahallawy HS, Kaltenboeck B, Wang C. Molecular detection of Dirofilaria immitis, Hepatozoon canis, Babesia spp., Anaplasma platys and Ehrlichia canis in dogs on Costa Rica. Acta Parasitol 2014. [PMID: 26204016 DOI: 10.1515/ap-2015-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Although vector-borne diseases are important causes of morbidity and mortality in dogs in tropical areas, there is little information on these conditions in Costa Rica. In PCRs of blood from dogs in Costa Rica, we did not detect DNAs of Rickettsia (R.) felis and Coxiella (C.) burnetii but we did find evidence of infection with Dirofilaria (D.) immitis (9/40, 22.5%), Hepatozoon (H.) canis (15/40, 37.5%), Babesia spp. (10/40, 25%; 2 with B. gibsoni and 8 with B. vogeli), Anaplasma (A.) platys (3/40, 7.5%) and Ehrlichia (E.) canis (20/40, 50%). Nine dogs (22.5%) were free of any vector-borne pathogens while 14 (35%) were infected with a single pathogen, 11 (27.5%) with two, 4 (10%) with three, 1 (2.5%) with four, and 1 (2.5%) with five pathogens. Dogs in Costa Rica are commonly infected with vector-borne agents.
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25
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Valderrama A, Tavares MG, Filho JDA. Phylogeography of the Lutzomyia gomezi (Diptera: Phlebotominae) on the Panama Isthmus. Parasit Vectors 2014; 7:9. [PMID: 24398187 PMCID: PMC3892078 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-7-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lutzomyia gomezi (Nitzulescu, 1931) is one of the main Leishmania (Vianna) panamensis vectors in Panama, and despite its medical significance, there are no population genetic studies regarding this species. In this study, we used the sequences of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome b/start of NADH1 and the nuclear elongation gene α-1 in order to analyze genetic variation and phylogeographic structure of the Lu. gomezi populations. METHODS A total of 86 Lu. gomezi individuals were captured in 38 locations where cutaneous leishmaniasis occurred. DNA was extracted with phenol/chloroform methods and amplification of genes was performed using PCR primers for mitochondrial and nuclear markers. RESULTS We found a total of 37 and 26 haplotypes of mitochondrial and nuclear genes, high haplotype diversity (h) for all three populations were detected with both molecular markers. Nucleotide diversity (π) was estimated to be high for all three populations with the mitochondrial marker, which was opposite to the estimate with the nuclear marker. In the AMOVA Φst recorded moderate (mitochondrial) and small (nuclear) population structure with statistical significance among populations. The analysis of the fixation index (Fst) used to measure the differentiation of populations showed that with the exception of the population located in the region of Bocas del Toro, the other populations presented with minor genetic differentiation. The median-Joining network of the mitochondrial marker reveled three clusters and recorded four haplotypes exclusively of localities sampled from Western Panama, demonstrating strong divergence. We found demographic population expansion with Fu´s Fs neutrality test. In the analysis mismatch distribution was observed as a bimodal curve. CONCLUSION Lu. gomezi is a species with higher genetic pool or variability and mild population structure, due to possible capacity migration and local adaptation to environmental changes or colonization potential. Thus, knowledge of the genetic population and evolutionary history is useful to understand the implications of different population genetic structures for cutaneous leishmaniasis epidemiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anayansi Valderrama
- Department of Medical Entomology, Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud, Panama, Panama
| | | | - Jose Dilermando Andrade Filho
- Centro de Referência Nacional e Internacional para Flebotomíneos/Coleção de Flebotomíneos, Instituto René Rachou-Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
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26
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Saldaña A, Chaves LF, Rigg CA, Wald C, Smucker JE, Calzada JE. Clinical cutaneous leishmaniasis rates are associated with household Lutzomyia gomezi, Lu. Panamensis, and Lu. trapidoi abundance in Trinidad de Las Minas, western Panama. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2013; 88:572-4. [PMID: 23339202 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.12-0579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) transmission patterns have been increasingly associated with domestic and peridomestic environments. Here, we present results from an epidemiological survey of 94 people from 24 households in Trinidad de Las Minas, western Panama. We studied the role of sand fly abundance, housing quality, peridomicile landscape matrix, and vegetation structure on shaping household clinical ACL rate patterns at Trinidad de Las Minas. We found that sand fly abundance was significantly associated with household clinical ACL rates, with a 6% rate increase for each additional Lutzomyia gomezi sand fly found inside a domicile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azael Saldaña
- Departamento de Parasitología, Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud (ICGES), Panama City, Panama.
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27
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Calzada JE, Saldaña A, Rigg C, Valderrama A, Romero L, Chaves LF. Changes in phlebotomine sand fly species composition following insecticide thermal fogging in a rural setting of Western panamá. PLoS One 2013; 8:e53289. [PMID: 23536748 PMCID: PMC3541195 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Accepted: 11/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis, ACL, is a zoonotic disease with a large richness of co-occurring vector species in transmission foci. Here, we describe changes in patterns of phlebotomine sand fly (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) species composition at the village of Trinidad de Las Minas, Capira, Panamá, a hyperendemic focus of ACL transmission, subjected to a vector control intervention with insecticide thermal fogging (ITF). Our study setting consisted of 24 houses, 12 subjected to two rounds of ITF and 12 kept as control. During 15 months (April 2010- June 2011) we monitored sand fly species composition and abundance with modified HP light traps inside (domicile) and outside (peridomicile) the studied houses. From 5628 sand flies collected, we were able to identify 5617 of the samples into 24 species, a number of species close to 25±1.6, the estimate from the Chao2 Index. The most abundant species were Lutzomya trapidoi (20%), Lu. gomezi (20%) and Lu. triramula (20%). Cluster analyses showed that most of the 24 houses had high similarity in relative abundance patterns of the six most common species, with only few peripheral houses not following the main cluster pattern. We also found that species richness was decreased to 22 species in the fogged houses, of which only 19 were found in the domiciliary environment. Changes in species richness were especially notorious at the end of the wet season. Our results suggest that species richness can decrease following ITF in domiciliary environments, primarily affecting the less common species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose E. Calzada
- Departamento de Parasitología, Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud, Ciudad de Panamá, Panamá
| | - Azael Saldaña
- Departamento de Parasitología, Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud, Ciudad de Panamá, Panamá
| | - Chystrie Rigg
- Departamento de Parasitología, Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud, Ciudad de Panamá, Panamá
| | - Anayansi Valderrama
- Departamento de Entomología, Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud, Ciudad de Panamá, Panamá
| | - Luz Romero
- Departamento de Parasitología, Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud, Ciudad de Panamá, Panamá
| | - Luis Fernando Chaves
- Programa de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica
- Graduate School of Environmental Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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