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Daher CC, Barreto SMAG, de Brito Damasceno GA, de Santana Oliveira A, Leite PIP, Reginaldo FPS, Escudeiro CC, Ostrosky EA, Giordani RB, Ferrari M. Use of sisal industrial waste (Agave sisalana Perrine) in sustainable and multifunctional cosmetic products. Int J Cosmet Sci 2023; 45:815-833. [PMID: 37565318 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sisal is a common stiff fibre produced around the world, corresponding to approximately 70% of the commercial production of all fibres of this type. The fibres are extracted from the leaves of Agave sisalana, from which approximately 4% of their weight is obtained, with the remaining 96% considered to be residues from the process of the sisal industry. The objective of this work was to obtain a polyphenol-enriched extract from the A. sisalana residue by ultrasonically assisted extraction, characterize it chemically, evaluate in vitro antioxidant activity, and develop safe and stable photoprotective formulations for future application in cosmetic preparations. METHODS Ultrasonic extraction of solid plant material was performed using 50% ethanol/water (v/v). The extract was chemically characterized by high-performance liquid chromatography equipment associated with classical molecular networking and evaluated for in vitro antioxidant activity by different methodologies. Ten formulations were prepared, varying the component concentrations and the shear time. The 1.0% sisal extract was incorporated into the most stable formulations, and preliminary and accelerated stability were evaluated. The emulsions were investigated for safety by assessment of primary accumulated dermal irritability and sensitization and a dermatological clinical study of phototoxicity and photosensitization. The photoprotective formulations containing or not containing the extract that were stable after 90 days had their in vivo sun protection factor (SPF), UVA protection factor, critical wavelength, and protection against visible and blue light determined. RESULTS Ultrasound extraction using 50% ethanol/water (EH 50) as an extractor vehicle showed the best yield. The extract exhibited a concentration of phenolic compounds (77.93 mg of equivalent to the standard gallic acid/g) and showed in vitro antioxidant activity. Emulsions without and with 1.0% sisal extract remained stable and safe. The addition of the extract to the photoprotective formulation statistically increased the SPF when compared to the formulation without the extract and offered protection against UVA radiation, critical wavelengths, and absorption of visible and blue light. CONCLUSION Based on the findings, the solid residue of A. sisalana may be indicated as a component of photoprotective and antioxidant cosmetic formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia Cecílio Daher
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte - UFRN, Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | | | - Gabriel Azevedo de Brito Damasceno
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte - UFRN, Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia - UFBA, Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, Brazil
| | - Artur de Santana Oliveira
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte - UFRN, Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Pedro Ivo Palacio Leite
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte - UFRN, Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | | | | | - Elissa Arantes Ostrosky
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte - UFRN, Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Raquel Brandt Giordani
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte - UFRN, Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Márcio Ferrari
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte - UFRN, Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
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da Costa LTS, Fracasso JAR, Guarnier LP, de Brito GR, Fumis DB, de Camargo Bittencourt RA, Guiotti AM, de Barros Barbosa D, Camargo ICC, de Souza EB, de Oliva Neto P, dos Santos L. Toxicity and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Agave sisalana Extract Derived from Agroindustrial Residue. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1523. [PMID: 37050149 PMCID: PMC10096503 DOI: 10.3390/plants12071523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In several countries, the leaf juice of Agave sisalana (also known as sisal) is widely used topically, especially as an antiseptic, and orally for the treatment of different pathologies. However, in Brazil, which is the largest producer of Agave sisalana, its residue, which represents the majority of its weight, has been thrown away. For this reason, the determination of the pharmacological and toxicological potentials of sisal residue and its possible therapeutic use is seen as a way to contribute to the sustainable development and social promotion of the largest producer of sisal in Brazil, the interior of Bahia State, which is among the poorest areas in the country. Given the scarcity of available scientific studies on the pharmacological and toxicological properties of sisal residue juice, this study aimed to promote the acid hydrolysis of this juice to potentiate the anti-inflammatory effect already described in the literature. Furthermore, it aimed to evaluate the toxicological profile of the hydrolyzed extract (EAH) and to determine its acute toxicity, as well as its side effects on the reproductive aspects of rats. METHOD The anti-inflammatory effect of EAH was evaluated in vitro using the induction of hemolysis by hypotonic solution and in vivo in rats using the carrageenan-induced paw edema test and the xylene-induced ear edema test. The acute toxicity, resulting from a single-dose administration, was investigated for some manifestation of toxic symptoms related to motor control and consciousness in rats. At a concentration of 100 mg/kg, by repeated doses, the reproductive toxicity effects of EAH in rats were assessed. RESULTS In vitro anti-inflammatory activity was positive using the human red blood cell membrane stabilization method. In both in vivo tests used to assess the anti-inflammatory activity, EAH (at three doses) significantly inhibited edema when compared to the control group. At a dose of 50 mg/kg, EAH exhibited a greater effect than indomethacin, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug with known activity. In vivo toxicological studies have shown that EAH does not present toxic effects when administered orally in a single dose, up to 1000 mg/kg. Finally, EAH promoted a gonadotoxic effect and increased the embryonic mortality rate after implantation. CONCLUSIONS It is suggested that the anti-edematogenic effect of the acid hydrolysis extract from sisal juice is due to the high concentration of steroidal sapogenins. Therefore, this extract can be considered a potential new anti-inflammatory or even an important sapogenin source for the development of steroidal glucocorticoids. However, further studies are needed to elucidate the chemical composition of sisal juice. Regarding toxicology studies, EAH did not show cytotoxic and clastogenic potentials, but it presented a powerful reproductive toxic effect in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Taynara Silvério da Costa
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Sciences and Languages, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Assis 19806-900, SP, Brazil
- School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Julia Amanda Rodrigues Fracasso
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Sciences and Languages, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Assis 19806-900, SP, Brazil
- School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucas Pires Guarnier
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Reis de Brito
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Languages, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Assis 19806-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniel Baldini Fumis
- Departament of Materials Science and Technology, Bauru School of Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru 17033-360, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Aimée Maria Guiotti
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araçatuba Dental School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba 16066-840, SP, Brazil
| | - Débora de Barros Barbosa
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araçatuba Dental School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba 16066-840, SP, Brazil
| | - Isabel Cristina Cherici Camargo
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Sciences and Languages, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Assis 19806-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Edislane Barreiros de Souza
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Sciences and Languages, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Assis 19806-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Pedro de Oliva Neto
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Sciences and Languages, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Assis 19806-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucinéia dos Santos
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Sciences and Languages, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Assis 19806-900, SP, Brazil
- School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba 05508-000, SP, Brazil
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Bastos EMS, da Silva VDA, Costa SL, Hanna SA. Technological Maturity and Systematic Review of Medicinal Plants with Pharmacological Activity in the Central Nervous System. Recent Pat Biotechnol 2021; 15:89-101. [PMID: 33726659 DOI: 10.2174/1872208315666210316110915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medicinal plants present activities against neurodegenerative diseases with potential for the pharmaceutical industries. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the current panorama of patents and articles of Brazilian medicinal plants with pharmacological activities in the Central Nervous System (CNS), regarding such aspects as the number of patents by countries, areas of knowledge, and technological maturity. METHODS We carry out a technological exploration on the Questel Orbit® platform with the descriptors: Agave sisalana P., Amburana cearenses A., Dimorphandra mollis B., Jatropha curcas L., Poincianella pyramidalis T. and Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC. with pharmacological activity and scientific exploration in PubMed and Science Direct associated with the CNS in the title, abstract, and methodology. RESULTS A total of 642 patents were identified between the years 1999-2019. India, China, and Brazil are highlighted, 6th place, out of a total of 48 countries. Of these, 30 patents were not in the National Institute of Industrial Property, and 10% are Brazilian in biotechnology and pharmaceutical products. Eleven articles were used in PubMed and Science Direct with scientific domains (anticancer, neuroprotection and anti-inflammatory). The Federal University of Bahia is highlighted, showing Technology Readiness Levels (TRL4), basic skills of pre-clinical research. CONCLUSION Brazilian public universities have a significant role in the scientific, technological and innovative development of therapeutic assets for CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo M S Bastos
- Postgraduate Program in Intellectual Property and Technology Transfer for Innovation, PROFNIT, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Bahia, Campus de Ondina, 40170-290 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Victor D A da Silva
- Bio-function Department, Neurochemistry and Cell Biology Laboratory, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Silvia L Costa
- Bio-function Department, Neurochemistry and Cell Biology Laboratory, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Samira A Hanna
- Biointeraction Sciences Department, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
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