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Carmo PMSD, Uzal FA, Pedroso PMO, Riet-Correa F. Conidiobolomycosis, cryptococcosis, and aspergillosis in sheep and goats: a review. J Vet Diagn Invest 2020; 32:826-834. [PMID: 32921278 DOI: 10.1177/1040638720958338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We review herein infections by Conidiobolus spp., Cryptococcus spp., and Aspergillus spp. in sheep and goats. Conidiobolus spp. are common causes of rhinitis in sheep and are less frequent in goats, in which Conidiobolus spp. also cause skin lesions. Cryptococcus spp. cause rhinitis, meningitis, encephalitis, and pneumonia in goats, and are rarely observed in sheep. Aspergillus spp. may cause rhinitis in goats, and pneumonia and mastitis in sheep and goats. Gross and microscopic lesions caused by these 3 fungal infections may be similar to each other. The diagnosis of these diseases must be based on gross and microscopic lesions, coupled with detection of the agent by immunohistochemical, molecular, and/or culture-based methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Maria Silva do Carmo
- Hospital Veterinário, Centro de Saúde e Tecnologia Rural (CSTR), Universidade Federal de Campina Grande (UFCG), Bairro Santa Cecília, Patos, Brazil
| | - Francisco A Uzal
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory, University of California-Davis, San Bernardino, CA
| | - Pedro M O Pedroso
- Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Nacional de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Franklin Riet-Correa
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Plataforma de Investigación en Salud Animal, Estación Experimental INIA La Estanzuela, Colonia, Uruguay
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Stefanello JR, Piasentin FB, Tondolo JSM, Loreto ES, Dutra V, Alves SH, Santurio JM. In vitro assessment of antifungal, antibacterial, and antiprotozoal drugs against clinical isolates of Conidiobolus lamprauges. Med Mycol 2019; 57:649-652. [PMID: 30289533 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myy092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We have determined the in vitro activity of antifungal, antibacterial, and antiprotozoal drugs alone and in combination against seven Conidiobolus lamprauges clinical isolates. The assays were based on the M38-A2 protocol and the checkerboard microdilution method. The lowest inhibitory concentrations were observed for amphotericin B, miconazole (MCZ), terbinafine, and miltefosine (MTF) (MIC range 0.25-1; 2-8; 0.25-2; 2-16 μg/ml, respectively). The main synergism observed was through the combination of azithromycin (AZI)+MTF and dapsone (DAP)+MTF (100%), AZI+DAP (85.7%), AZI+MCZ (57.1%) as well as MCZ plus CTX and DAP (42.9%). The in vitro activities suggest that the combination of MTF and AZI or DAP are promising candidate therapies for conidiobolomycosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josias R Stefanello
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil
| | - Fernanda B Piasentin
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MG, Brazil
| | - Juliana S M Tondolo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil
| | - Erico S Loreto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MG, Brazil
| | - Valéria Dutra
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil
| | - Sydney H Alves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MG, Brazil
| | - Janio M Santurio
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil
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In Vitro Assessment of Antifungal Drugs and Sulfamethoxazole-Trimethoprim against Clinical Isolates of Conidiobolus lamprauges. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2018; 62:AAC.01685-17. [PMID: 29439970 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01685-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Mustafa VS, Guedes KM, Lima EM, Borges JR, Castro MB. Doenças da cavidade nasal em pequenos ruminantes no Distrito Federal e no Estado de Goiás. PESQUISA VETERINÁRIA BRASILEIRA 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2015000700005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Resumo As enfermidades que acometem a cavidade nasal de pequenos ruminantes podem causar prejuízos aos rebanhos de ovinos e caprinos na região central do Brasil. Foi realizado estudo retrospectivo dos laudos de necropsia do Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária da Universidade de Brasília (LPV-UnB) nos anos de 2003 a 2014 para verificar a ocorrência das doenças que acometeram a cavidade nasal de pequenos ruminantes. Foram analisados 463 protocolos de ovinos e 75 de caprinos totalizando 538 casos. Seis ovinos (6/463 1,29%) foram necropsiados com rinite granulomatosa micótica ou oomicótica e 22 animais do estudo (22/538; 4,08%) tiveram o diagnóstico de oestrose, sendo 86,36% ovinos e 13,64% caprinos. As rinites piogranulomatosas em ovinos ocorreram em áreas alagadas, com abundante material vegetal em decomposição. Os ovinos com pitiose rinofacial apresentaram como principais alterações aumento de volume na região nasal devido a extensas lesões granulomatosas associadas a necrose tecidual, caracterizadas por inúmeros macrófagos e polimorfonucleares circundando centros necróticos contendo o agente envolto por reação de Splendore-Hoeppli. Os ovinos com conidiobolomicose exibiram extensas áreas de necrose e inflamação piogranulomatosa, associadas à presença de hifas fúngicas na nasofaringe e também na região peribulbar e exoftalmia. A maioria dos animais com oestrose não apresentou alterações clínico-patológicas significativas, apesar de serem encontradas larvas principalmente nos seios e conchas nasais, traqueia e seio paranasal. A importância dessas enfermidades ainda é pouco conhecida na região, sendo de grande relevância que as condições clínico-patológicas e epidemiológicas sejam elucidadas para o diagnóstico, o controle e a prevenção, para evitar a expansão e prejuízos para os rebanhos.
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Mackey PE, Cappe KG, Mani R, Rothenburg L, Sutton DA, Wiederhold NP, Lindner J, Ramachandran A, Wall CR, Snider T. Disseminated Conidiobolus incongruus in a dog: A case report and literature review. Med Mycol Case Rep 2015; 8:24-8. [PMID: 25830088 PMCID: PMC4354915 DOI: 10.1016/j.mmcr.2015.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Conidiobolomycosis is a rare fungal disease of both humans and animals, occurring mainly in tropical and subtropical climates. We describe a disseminated fungal infection in a young, apparently immunocompetent dog who initially presented for antibiotic resistant pneumonia. Histopathology and mycology identified a Conidiobolus sp., further confirmed as Conidiobolus incongruus through DNA sequencing of D1/D2 regions. This is the first report of this species causing disease in dogs and the fifth reported infection in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige E. Mackey
- Oklahoma State University, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, 1 BVMTH, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Katharine G. Cappe
- Oklahoma State University, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, 1 BVMTH, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Rinosh Mani
- Oklahoma Animal Disease Diagnostic Lab, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Lana Rothenburg
- Oklahoma State University, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, 1 BVMTH, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Deanna A. Sutton
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Nathan P. Wiederhold
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Jonathan Lindner
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Akhilesh Ramachandran
- Oklahoma Animal Disease Diagnostic Lab, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Corey R. Wall
- Oklahoma State University, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, 1 BVMTH, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Timothy Snider
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
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Silveira MM, Paula DA, Silva MC, Pitchenin LC, Cruz RA, Colodel EM, Dutra V, Nakazato L. Development and application of polymerase chain reaction test for detection of Conidiobolus lamprauges. PESQUISA VETERINARIA BRASILEIRA 2013. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2013001200009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Conidiobolomycosis is a granulomatous disease caused by the fungus Conidiobolus spp. in humans and animals. Traditional technique for diagnosis of the disease is isolation of the agent associated with the presence of typical clinical signs and pathological conditions. The aim of this study was to describe the development of a specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test for Conidiobolus lamprauges to detect the fungus in clinical samples. Samples from suspected animals were collected and submitted to isolation, histopathological analysis and amplification by PCR. DNA from tissues was subjected to PCR with fungi universal primers 18S rDNA gene, and specific primers were designed based on the same gene in C. lamprauges that generated products of about 540 bp and 222 bp respectively. The culture was positive in 26.6% of clinical samples. The PCR technique for C. lamprauges showed amplification of DNA from fresh tissues (80%) and paraffin sections (44.4%). In conclusion, the PCR technique described here demonstrated a high sensitivity and specificity for detection of fungal DNA in tissue samples, providing a tool for the rapid diagnosis of C. lamprauges.
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Tondolo JSM, de Loreto ÉS, Dutra V, Nakazato L, de Paula DAJ, Zanette RA, Alves SH, Santurio JM. In vitro susceptibility of Conidiobolus lamprauges recovered from sheep to antifungal agents. Vet Microbiol 2013; 166:690-3. [PMID: 23958402 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2013.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2013] [Revised: 07/13/2013] [Accepted: 07/20/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Data regarding the susceptibility of Conidiobolus lamprauges is limited and there is no consensus about the optimal treatment for infections caused by Conidiobolus spp. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate the in vitro susceptibility of six C. lamprauges strains isolated from sheep conidiobolomycosis to amphotericin B, ketoconazole, fluconazole, itraconazole, posaconazole, voriconazole, anidulafungin, caspofungin, micafungin, flucytosine, and terbinafine using the CLSI M38-A2 microdilution technique. Terbinafine was the most active (MIC range <0.06-0.5 μg/mL). Resistance or reduced susceptibility was observed for amphotericin B and azole and echinocandin antifungals. Additional studies are necessary to determine the therapeutic potential of terbinafine as monotherapy or in combination therapy with other antifungals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Simoni Moraes Tondolo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brazil
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Ubiali DG, Cruz RAS, De Paula DAJ, Silva MC, Mendonça FS, Dutra V, Nakazato L, Colodel EM, Pescador CA. Pathology of nasal infection caused by Conidiobolus lamprauges and Pythium insidiosum in sheep. J Comp Pathol 2013; 149:137-45. [PMID: 23375916 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2012.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2012] [Revised: 11/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Conidiobolomycosis and pythiosis are important diseases of sheep in midwestern Brazil. Veterinary practitioners consider it difficult to differentiate between these diseases because they have similar clinical features. In this study, 186 sheep were subjected to necropsy examination over a 6-year period. Thirty (16.1%) cases of rhinitis in sheep that were caused by Conidiobolus lamprauges (n = 15) or Pythium insidiosum (n = 15) were investigated further. The lesions of C. lamprauges infection were mainly rhinopharyngeal (86.7%), localized to the ethmoidal region and associated with exophthalmos. The lesions appear as a white to yellow, firm mass that microscopically appears as a granulomatous inflammatory reaction with numerous giant cells. In contrast, P. insidiosum infection is associated with rhinofacial (93.3%) lesions that mainly involve the frontal region and hard palate and appear as an irregular, friable, yellow to red mass. Microscopically, pythiosis presents as diffuse necrotizing eosinophilic rhinitis. Immunohistochemistry using polyclonal antisera raised specifically against the two organisms was used to confirm the identity of the infectious agent in each disease. This study reports the first immunohistochemical diagnosis of conidiobolomycosis and the first description of a rhinopharyngeal lesion caused by P. insidiosum in sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- D G Ubiali
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Av Fernando Corrêa da Costa 2367 Bairro Boa Esperança, CEP 78069-900 Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
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