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de Melo Silva AJ, de Melo Gama JE, de Oliveira SA. The Role of Bcl-2 Family Proteins and Sorafenib Resistance in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Int J Cell Biol 2024; 2024:4972523. [PMID: 39188653 PMCID: PMC11347034 DOI: 10.1155/2024/4972523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer has been reported to be one of the most malignant diseases in the world. It is late diagnosis consequently leads to a difficult treatment, as the cancer reached an advanced stage. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the primary type of cancer diagnosed in the liver, with deadly characteristics and a poor prognosis. The first-in-line treatment for advanced HCC is sorafenib. Sorafenib acts by inhibiting cell proliferation and by inducing apoptosis as well as blocks receptors associated with these mechanisms. Due to its constant use, sorafenib resistance has been described, especially to proteins of the Bcl-2 family, and their overexpression of Bcl-XL and Mcl-1. This review focuses on the role of the Bcl-2 proteins in relation to sorafenib resistance as a consequence of first-in-line treatment in HCC.
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2
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Wang B, Xiong Y, Li R, Zhang S. Age-related nomogram revealed optimal therapeutic option for older patients with primary liver cancer: less is more. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:9824-9845. [PMID: 38848143 PMCID: PMC11210251 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Age bias in therapeutic decisions for older patients with cancer exists. There is a clear need to individualize such decisions. METHODS Based on the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database, 5081 primary liver cancer (PLC) patients between 2010 and 2014 were identified and divided into <64, 64-74 and >74 years group. Each group was randomly divided into training and internal validation cohorts, and patients who were diagnosed between 2015 and 2016 were included as an external validation. The nomogram model predicting overall survival (OS) was generated and evaluated based on the Cox regression for the influencing factors in prognosis. The K-M analysis was used to compare the difference among different treatments. RESULTS KM analysis showed a significant difference for OS in three age groups (P < 0.001). At the same time, we also found different prognostic factors and their importance in different age groups. Therefore, we created three nomograms based on the results of Cox regression results for each age group. The c-index was 0.802, 0.766, 0.781 respectively. The calibration curve and ROC curve show that our model has a good predictive efficacy and the reliability was also confirmed in the internal and external validation set. An available online page was established to simplify and visualize our model (http://124.222.247.135/). The results of treatment analysis revealed that the optimal therapeutic option for PLCs was surgery alone. CONCLUSIONS The optimal therapeutic option for older PLCs was surgery alone. The generated dynamic nomogram in this study may be a useful tool for personalized clinical decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Department of Geriatric Digestive Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yongqiang Xiong
- Department of Geriatric Digestive Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Ren Li
- Department of Geriatric Digestive Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- Department of Geriatric Digestive Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Experimental Teaching Center for Clinical Skills, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
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3
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Shi F, Ning L, Sun N, Yao Q, Deng C. Multiscale Structured Trimetal Oxide Heterojunctions for Urinary Metabolic Phenotype-Dependent Screening of Early and Small Hepatocellular Carcinoma. SMALL METHODS 2024:e2301634. [PMID: 38517273 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202301634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Developing a standardized screening tool for the detection of early and small hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) through urinary metabolic analysis poses a challenging yet intriguing research endeavor. In this study, a range of intricately interlaced 2D rough nanosheets featuring well-defined sharp edges is fabricated, with the aim of constructing diverse trimetal oxide heterojunctions exhibiting multiscale structures. By carefully engineering synergistic effects in composition and structure, including improved adsorption, diffusion, and other surface-driven processes, the optimized heterojunctions demonstrate a substantial enhancement in signal intensity compared to monometallic or bimetallic oxides, as well as fragmented trimetallic oxides. Additionally, optimal heterojunctions enable the extraction of high-quality urinary metabolic fingerprints using high-throughput mass spectrometry. Leveraging machine learning, discrimination of HCC patients from high-risk and healthy populations achieves impressive performance, with area under the curve values of 0.940 and 0.916 for receiver operating characteristic and precision-recall curves, respectively. Six crucial metabolites are identified, enabling accurate detection of early, small-tumor, alpha-fetoprotein-negative HCC (93.3%-97.3%). A comprehensive screening strategy tailored to clinical reality yields precision metrics (accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score) exceeding 95.0%. This study advances the application of cutting-edge matrices-based metabolic phenotyping in practical clinical diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangying Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Liuxin Ning
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai Geriatric Medical Center, Shanghai, 201104, China
- Shanghai Institute of Liver Diseases, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Nianrong Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qunyan Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai Geriatric Medical Center, Shanghai, 201104, China
- Shanghai Institute of Liver Diseases, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chunhui Deng
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
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4
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Akinloye DI, Metibemu DS, Shittu MT, Lawal MA, Olatunji FO, Oyediran MA, Akinloye OA. Cannabis sativa demonstrates anti-hepatocellular carcinoma potentials in animal model: in silico and in vivo studies of the involvement of Akt. J Cannabis Res 2023; 5:27. [PMID: 37434213 PMCID: PMC10337064 DOI: 10.1186/s42238-023-00190-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Targeting protein kinase B (Akt) and its downstream signaling proteins are promising options in designing novel and potent drug candidates against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The present study explores the anti-HCC potentials of Cannabis sativa (C. sativa) extract via the involvement of Akt using both in silico and in vivo animal models of HCC approaches. METHODS Phytoconstituents of C. sativa extract obtained from Gas Chromatography Mass-spectrometry (GCSM) were docked into the catalytic domain of Akt-2. The Diethylnitrosamine (DEN) model of HCC was treated with C. sativa extract. The effects of C. sativa extract treatments on DEN model of hepatocellular carcinoma were assessed by One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) of the treated and untreated groups RESULT: The lead phytoconstituents of C. sativa extract, Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ-9-THC) and cannabidiol form stable hydrophobic and hydrogen bond interactions within the catalytic domain of Akt-2. C. sativa extract (15 mg/kg and 30 mg/kg) respectively gives a 3-fold decrease in the activities of liver function enzymes when compared with the positive control (group 2). It also gives a 1.5-fold decrease in hepatic lipid peroxidation and elevates serum antioxidant enzymes' activities by 1-fold in HCC treated Wistar rats when compared with the positive control (group 2). In an animal model of hepatocellular carcinoma, C. sativa extract significantly downregulated Akt and HIF mRNAs in groups 3, 4, and 5 with 2, 1.5, 2.5-fold decrease relative to group 2. VEGF mRNA was downregulated by 1.5-fold decrease in groups 3-5 when compared to group 2. The expression of XIAP mRNA was downregulated by 1.5, 2, and 1.25-folds in groups 3, 4, and 5 respectively, in comparison with group 2. In comparison to group 2, COX-2 mRNA levels were downregulated by 1.5, 1, and 1-folds in groups 3-5. In groups 3-5, CRP mRNA was downregulated by 2-fold in comparison with group 2. In groups 3-5, p21 mRNA was upregulated by 2, 2.5, and 3-folds, respectively when compared with group 2. It upregulated p53 mRNA by 2.5, 3.5, and 2.5-folds in groups 3-5 in comparison with group 2. It downregulated AFP mRNA by 3.5, 2.5, .2.5-folds in groups 3, 4, and 5 respectively when compared with group 2. Histologic analysis showed that C. sativa extract reduced necrosis and inflammation in HCC. CONCLUSION C. sativa demonstrates anti-hepatocellular carcinoma potentials in an animal model of HCC and with the involvement of Akt. Its anticancer potential is mediated through antiangiogenic, proapoptotic, cycle arrest, and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. In future studies, the mechanisms of anti-HCC effects of Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ-9- THC) and cannabidiol via the PI3K-Akt signaling pathways should be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorcas I. Akinloye
- Department of Biochemistry, Phyto-chemistry and Bio-computing Research Laboratory, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Damilohun S. Metibemu
- Department of Chemistry, Physics, and Atmospheric Sciences, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217-0095 USA
| | - Mujidat T. Shittu
- Department of Biochemistry, Phyto-chemistry and Bio-computing Research Laboratory, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Mariam A. Lawal
- Department of Biochemistry, Phyto-chemistry and Bio-computing Research Laboratory, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Faith O. Olatunji
- Department of Biochemistry, Phyto-chemistry and Bio-computing Research Laboratory, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Muideen A. Oyediran
- Department of Biochemistry, Phyto-chemistry and Bio-computing Research Laboratory, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Oluseyi A. Akinloye
- Department of Biochemistry, Phyto-chemistry and Bio-computing Research Laboratory, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
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de Ataide EC, Perales SR, Teramoto FD, Garcia A, Cunha-Silva M, Sevá-Pereira T, Foratto A, Fernandes DP, Marcondes DC, Meneses CJ, da Costa LBE, Neto FC, de Fatima Santana Ferreira Boin IS. Validation of New York/California Score in the Preoperative Period of Liver Transplant for Hepatocellular Carcinoma at University of Campinas's Hospital. Transplant Proc 2022; 54:1300-1303. [PMID: 35810016 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2022.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Liver transplant is the main treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma and there is currently an important demand from patients waiting in transplant queues. Thus, it is extremely important to improve the criteria for selecting patients who will undergo transplant to mitigate graft loss and reduce cases of recurrence. Thus, it becomes necessary to use models, such as the New York/California (NYCA), that include alpha fetoprotein as a marker of recurrence and prognosis. The aim of this study was to assess whether the NYCA score correlated with the presence of tumor recurrence after transplant in patients undergoing orthotopic liver transplant at the Clinics Hospital of the University of Campinas. We had 214 patients undergoing liver transplant who met the inclusion Milan criteria. The age of the patients ranged from 34 to 77 years, with a median age of 61 years. The mean waiting time on the transplant list was 6.12 months. After calculating the NYCA score, it was possible to stratify 13 patients (6.1%) as high risk, 64 patients (29.9%) as medium risk, and 137 patients (64%) as low risk. Patients with recurrence had higher scores with a mean of 4 points in relapse and 2 points in the absence of relapse (P = .0011). Patients with recurrence had statistically higher high- and medium-risk scores (P = .0010). Therefore, the NYCA score was higher in patients with recurrence. Therefore, in this study, our findings suggest the possibility of using the NYCA score as an aid to detect patients with a higher risk of tumor recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simone Reges Perales
- University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Aline Garcia
- University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marlone Cunha-Silva
- University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tiago Sevá-Pereira
- University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Foratto
- University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Felicio Chueiri Neto
- University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, São Paulo, Brazil
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6
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de Ataide EC, Perales SR, Teramoto FD, Garcia A, de Macedo PRA, Cunha-Silva M, Sevá-Pereira T, Foratto A, Fernandes DP, Marcondes DC, Meneses CJ, Meneses CJ, da Costa LBE, Neto FC, Boin ISDFSF. Validation of Metroticket Score in the Preoperative Period of Liver Transplantation for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Transplant Proc 2022; 54:1308-1309. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2022.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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7
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Alam M, Ahmed S, Elasbali AM, Adnan M, Alam S, Hassan MI, Pasupuleti VR. Therapeutic Implications of Caffeic Acid in Cancer and Neurological Diseases. Front Oncol 2022; 12:860508. [PMID: 35359383 PMCID: PMC8960963 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.860508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Caffeic acid (CA) is found abundantly in fruits, vegetables, tea, coffee, oils, and more. CA and its derivatives have been used for many centuries due to their natural healing and medicinal properties. CA possesses various biological and pharmacological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and neuroprotective effects. The potential therapeutic effects of CA are mediated via repression and inhibition of transcription and growth factors. CA possesses potential anticancer and neuroprotective effects in human cell cultures and animal models. However, the biomolecular interactions and pathways of CA have been described highlighting the target binding proteins and signaling molecules. The current review focuses on CA's chemical, physical, and pharmacological properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and neuroprotective effects. We further described CA's characteristics and therapeutic potential and its future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manzar Alam
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Sarfraz Ahmed
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Abdelbaset Mohamed Elasbali
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Sciences-Qurayyat, Jouf University, Sakakah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Adnan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shoaib Alam
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Md Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Visweswara Rao Pasupuleti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, University Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Abdurrab University, Pekanbaru, Indonesia
- Centre for International Collaboration and Research, Reva University, Rukmini Knowledge Park, Kattigenahalli, Bangalore, India
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8
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Ezzat R, Eltabbakh M, El Kassas M. Unique situation of hepatocellular carcinoma in Egypt: A review of epidemiology and control measures. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2021; 13:1919-1938. [PMID: 35070033 PMCID: PMC8713321 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v13.i12.1919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most common primary malignancy worldwide, and the third most common cause of death among cancers worldwide. HCC occurs in several pre-existing conditions, including hepatitis C, hepatitis B virus, and non-alcoholic cirrhosis. Egypt used to be the country with the heaviest hepatitis C virus (HCV) burden. The relationship between HCV and HCC is an important research area. In Egypt, HCC is a significant public health problem. A possible cause for the increasing rates of detection of HCC in Egypt is the mass screening program that was carried by the government for detecting and treating HCV. A multidisciplinary approach is now widely applied to HCC management in health centers all over Egypt. Different treatment modalities are available in Egypt, with success rates comparable to global rates. The Egyptian health authorities have made the elimination of HCV from Egypt a special priority, and this approach should lead to a decrease in number of HCC cases in the near future. In this article we review the current situation of HCC in Egypt, including epidemiological aspects, relevant risk factors for HCC development, strategies, and efforts established by health authorities for the screening and prevention of both HCV and HCC in Egypt. We highlight the different modalities for HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem Ezzat
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Eltabbakh
- Tropical Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Mohamed El Kassas
- Endemic Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Cairo, Egypt
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9
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Kim HS, Kim JS, Park NR, Nam H, Sung PS, Bae SH, Choi JY, Yoon SK, Hur W, Jang JW. Exosomal miR-125b Exerts Anti-Metastatic Properties and Predicts Early Metastasis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:637247. [PMID: 34386414 PMCID: PMC8354570 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.637247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims Cancer metastasis is responsible for the majority of cancer-related deaths. Exosomal miRNAs have emerged as promising biomarkers for cancer, serving as signaling molecules that can regulate tumor growth and metastasis. This study examined circulating exosomal miRNAs that could predict hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) metastasis. Methods Exosomal miRNA was measured by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) in a large set of patients (n = 284). To investigate the role of exosomal miRNA in HCC, we performed a series of in vitro tests, such as exosome labeling, qRT-PCR, reverse transcription PCR, wound healing assay, transwell assay, and Western blot assay. Results Exosomal miR-125b was drastically downregulated in HCC patients with metastasis than in those without metastasis. In vitro, we observed the uptake of miR-125b by exosome in recipient cells. Exosome-mediated miR-125b significantly inhibited migration and invasion abilities and downregulated the mRNA expressions of MMP-2, MMP-9, and MMP-14 in recipient cells via intercellular communication. Further investigation revealed that miR-125b suppressed SMAD2 protein expression in recipient cells by binding to its 3' untranslated regions. Exosome-mediated miR-125b transfer also disrupted TGF-β1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition and TGF-β1/SMAD signaling pathway in recipient cells by leading to a decrease of SMAD2 protein expression. Moreover, exosomal miR-125b was downregulated after metastasis compared with that at baseline in patients with serial measurements before and after metastasis. Conclusions The results imply that exosome-mediated miR-125b exerts anti-metastatic properties in HCC. These findings highlight that circulating exosomal miR-125b might represent a reliable biomarker with diagnostic and therapeutic implications for extrahepatic metastasis from HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Seon Kim
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.,The Catholic University Liver Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin Seoub Kim
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.,The Catholic University Liver Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Na Ri Park
- The Catholic University Liver Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Heechul Nam
- The Catholic University Liver Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Pil Soo Sung
- The Catholic University Liver Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Si Hyun Bae
- The Catholic University Liver Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong Young Choi
- The Catholic University Liver Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung Kew Yoon
- The Catholic University Liver Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Wonhee Hur
- Division of Chronic Viral Disease, Center for Emerging Virus Research, National Institute of Infectious Disease, National Institute of Health, Chungbuk, South Korea
| | - Jeong Won Jang
- The Catholic University Liver Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
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10
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Bai Y, Qi W, Liu L, Zhang J, Pang L, Gan T, Wang P, Wang C, Chen H. Identification of Seven-Gene Hypoxia Signature for Predicting Overall Survival of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Genet 2021; 12:637418. [PMID: 33912215 PMCID: PMC8075060 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.637418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is ranked fifth among the most common cancer worldwide. Hypoxia can induce tumor growth, but the relationship with HCC prognosis remains unclear. Our study aims to construct a hypoxia-related multigene model to predict the prognosis of HCC. Methods RNA-seq expression data and related clinical information were download from TCGA database and ICGC database, respectively. Univariate/multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to construct prognostic models. KM curve analysis, and ROC curve were used to evaluate the prognostic models, which were further verified in the clinical traits and ICGC database. GSEA analyzed pathway enrichment in high-risk groups. Nomogram was constructed to predict the personalized treatment of patients. Finally, real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to detect the expressions of KDELR3 and SCARB1 in normal hepatocytes and 4 HCC cells. The expressions of SCARB1 in hepatocellular carcinoma tissue in 46 patients were detected by immunohistochemistry, and the correlation between its expressions and disease free survival of patient was calculated. Results Through a series of analyses, seven prognostic markers related to HCC survival were constructed. HCC patients were divided into the high and low risk group, and the results of KM curve showed that there was a significant difference between the two groups. Stratified analysis, found that there were significant differences in risk values of different ages, genders, stages and grades, which could be used as independent predictors. In addition, we assessed the risk value in the clinical traits analysis and found that it could accelerate the progression of cancer, while the results of GSEA enrichment analysis showed that the high-risk group patients were mainly distributed in the cell cycle and other pathways. Then, Nomogram was constructed to predict the overall survival of patients. Finally, RT-qPCR showed that KDELR3 and SCARB1 were highly expressed in HepG2 and L02, respectively. Results of IHC staining showed that SCARB1 was highly expressed in cancer tissues compared to adjacent normal liver tissues and its expression was related to hepatocellular carcinoma differentiation status. The Kaplan-Meier survival showed a poor percent survival in the SCARB1 high group compared to that in the SCARB1 low group. Conclusion This study provides a potential diagnostic indicator for HCC patients, and help clinicians to deepen the comprehension in HCC pathogenesis so as to make personalized medical decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Bai
- Department of MR, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,The Key Laboratory of the Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wenbo Qi
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,The Key Laboratory of the Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Le Liu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,The Key Laboratory of the Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of MR, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lan Pang
- Department of MR, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tiejun Gan
- Department of MR, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- Department of MR, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,The Key Laboratory of the Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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11
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Omer DM, Dozier J, Cao Z, Zhu H, McCain DA. A case report on a large, peduncular intra-abdominal hepatocellular carcinoma extending into the retroperitoneum. Clin Case Rep 2021; 9:1288-1291. [PMID: 33768828 PMCID: PMC7981764 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.3751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we discuss a relatively uncommon presentation of a hepatocellular carcinoma and discuss its preoperative planning and surgical intervention required to reach complete resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana M. Omer
- Hackensack University Medical CenterHackensackNJUSA
| | | | - Zongxian Cao
- Hackensack University Medical CenterHackensackNJUSA
| | - Hongfa Zhu
- Hackensack University Medical CenterHackensackNJUSA
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12
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Saad H, Zahran MAH, Hendy O, Abdel-Samiee M, Bedair HM, Abdelsameea E. Matrix Metalloproteinase-11 Gene Polymorphisms as a Risk for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Development in Egyptian Patients. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2020; 21:3725-3734. [PMID: 33369474 PMCID: PMC8046319 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2020.21.12.3725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Chronic hepatitis C (CHC) virus infection is one of major risk factors of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Egypt, which is a major cause of cancer mortalityin the world. Matrix metalloproteinase-11 (MMP-11) has an important role in tumor migration and metastasis. Therefore, this study aimed to determine relation between MMP-11 gene polymorphisms and risk of HCC development among Egyptian cirrhotic patients. Subjects and methods: Two hundred and sixty patients were included, 140 of them with HCC on top of CHC and 120 patients with post CHC liver cirrhosis (LC) as well as 140 subjects were enrolled in the study as healthy controls. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs738791 and rs738792 for MMP-11 gene were done using real-time PCR. Results: Combination of CT and TT allele of rs738791 genotypes was more significantly frequent in HCC compared to LC patients and controls, however, a higher frequency of T allele was found in HCC patients compared to LC and controls. In spite of lake of significant difference between patient groups regarding the rs738792 genotypes, the CC genotype was considered a risk of developing portal vein thrombosis, and was associated with advanced tumor stage, increased tumor size, higher Cancer of the Liver Italian Program [CLIP] score, more advanced Barcelona stage [D] and with child Pugh class [C]. Conclusion: Genetic variations in MMP-11 may be implicated in post HCV-HCC development and might be dependable biomarkers for HCC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hind Saad
- Biochemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebein El-Kom, Egypt.,Departement of Clinical Pathology, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebein El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Magdy A-H Zahran
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebein El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Olfat Hendy
- Departement of Clinical Pathology, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebein El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abdel-Samiee
- Departement of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebein El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Hanan M Bedair
- Departement of Clinical Pathology, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebein El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Eman Abdelsameea
- Departement of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebein El-Kom, Egypt
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13
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Size measurements of hepatocellular carcinoma: comparisons between contrast and two-dimensional ultrasound. BMC Gastroenterol 2020; 20:390. [PMID: 33213375 PMCID: PMC7678053 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-020-01535-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ultrasound (US) imaging is known to underestimate tumor size in clinical. This study is aimed to compare the size measurements of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in three US imaging modalities, i.e. two-dimensional (2D) imaging, the arterial phase (AP) and the late phase (LP) imaging of contrast-enhanced US (CEUS). Methods Fifty-eight clinically proved HCC patients were included. The 2D and CEUS imaging were performed with Siemens S2000, Philips iu22 and BioSound Twice. 2.5 mL of SonoVue® was injected for every CEUS performance. Two physicians measured the maximal longitudinal and the transverse diameters of the tumors in 2D, the AP and the LP of CEUS from one image section. The three measurements were compared by paired t test. Results The mean longitudinal diameter of HCC appeared to be maximal in the AP (4.73 ± 2.04 cm) of CEUS and minimal in the LP (3.98 ± 1.99 cm) of CEUS. The 2D diameter (4.26 ± 2.07 cm) was in the middle between two CEUS measurements. There were significant differences between any two measurements. Conclusion There is size difference between the three kinds of HCC measurement. It appeared to be maximal in the AP of CEUS and minimal in the LP. The 2D diameter was in the middle.
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Akinloye OA, Akinloye DI, Lawal MA, Shittu MT, Metibemu DS. Terpenoids from Azadirachta indica are potent inhibitors of Akt: Validation of the anticancer potentials in hepatocellular carcinoma in male Wistar rats. J Food Biochem 2020; 45:e13559. [PMID: 33190241 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the commonest primary malignancy with poor patient prognosis and a high mortality rate. In this study, phytochemicals characterized from Azadirachta indica were screened against the catalytic site of Akt, and the anticancer potentials of the extracted leads (terpenoids) were determined in hepatocellular carcinoma in male Wistar rats. The lead compounds are terpenoids; hence, the extraction of terpenoids from A. indica. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS) was employed for the characterization of the extract. Diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced hepatocellular carcinoma in male Wistar rats were treated with the terpenoids extract. The hit, lupeol demonstrates inhibition of Akt and is a potential drug candidate. The terpenoids extract downregulate Akt mRNA and demonstrated anti-Akt downstream signaling effects; anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenesis, pro-apoptotic, and cell cycle arrest, it also demonstrated cellular regeneration, hepatoprotection, antioxidant potentials, and cellular repairs in hepatocellular carcinoma in male Wistar rats. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary malignancy with poor patient prognosis and a high mortality rate. Akt, a serine/threonine kinase is at the crossroad of cell survival, the progression of the cell cycle, cell signaling, cell growth, cell division, and inactivation of pro-apoptotic factors. The inhibition of Akt is an effective therapeutic strategy against HCC. In this study, terpenoids from Azadirachta indica are potent inhibitors of Akt and hitherto demonstrate anticancer potentials. A. indica leaves are readily available globally and more also it is readily cultivated in African and Asia, continents with the highest prevalence of HCC. A. indica terpenoids extract demonstrate anti-HCC potentials and hence should be exploited in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluseyi A Akinloye
- Department of Biochemistry, Phytomedicine, Phyto-chemistry and Bio-computing Research Laboratory, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Dorcas I Akinloye
- Department of Biochemistry, Phytomedicine, Phyto-chemistry and Bio-computing Research Laboratory, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Mariam A Lawal
- Department of Biochemistry, Phytomedicine, Phyto-chemistry and Bio-computing Research Laboratory, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Mujidat T Shittu
- Department of Biochemistry, Phytomedicine, Phyto-chemistry and Bio-computing Research Laboratory, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Damilohun S Metibemu
- Department of Biochemistry, Phytomedicine, Phyto-chemistry and Bio-computing Research Laboratory, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba-Akoko, Nigeria
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15
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Pouraminaei M, Mirzaiey MR, Khoshdel A, Hajizadeh MR, Mahmoodi M, Fahmidehkar MA. The effect of Cressa Cretica hydroalcoholic extract on apoptosis and the expression of Bcl2, Bax and P53 genes in hepatoma cell line HepG2. GENE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2020.100692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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16
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Abdelaziz AO, Nabil MM, Omran DA, Abdelmaksoud AH, Asem N, Shousha HI, Elbaz TM, Leithy R. Hepatocellular Carcinoma Multidisciplinary Clinic-Cairo University (HMC-CU) score: A new simple score for diagnosis of HCC. Arab J Gastroenterol 2020; 21:102-105. [PMID: 32439235 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajg.2020.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS The risk of hepatocarcinogenesis depends on background liver factors, of which fibrosis is a major determinant. Serum markers and scores are of increasing importance in non-invasive diagnosis of hepatic fibrosis. Our aim was to predict the occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) using a non-invasive fibrosis score calculated using routine patient data. PATIENTS AND MTHODS Our retrospective study included 1,291 hepatitis C related-HCC Egyptian patients (Group 1) recruited from the multidisciplinary HCC clinic, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University in the period between February 2009 and June 2016 and 1072 chronic hepatitis C-naïve patients (Group 2) with advanced fibrosis (≥F3) and cirrhosis (F4). King score, Fibro Q score, Aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index (APRI), AST to ALT ratio (AAR), LOK score, Göteborg University Cirrhosis Index (GUCI), Fibro-α and Biotechnology Research Center (BRC) scores were calculated for all patients. Regression analysis and receiver operating characteristics (ROC) were used to calculate the sensitivity, specificity and predictive values for significant scores with the best cut-off for predicting HCC. A regression equation was used to calculate predicted probabilities of HCC using the following variables; age, gender, haemoglobin, international normalised ratio (INR), albumin and alpha fetoprotein. The appropriate score cut-off points yielding optimal sensitivity and specificity were determined by ROC curve analysis. RESULTS There was a highly significant difference between the two groups for all calculated scores (P = 0.0001). Our new score, the Hepatocellular Carcinoma Multidisciplinary Clinic-Cairo University (HMC-CU) score (Logit probability of HCC = - 2.524 + 0.152*age - 0.121*Hb - 0.696*INR - 1.059*Alb + 0.022*AFP + 0.976*Sex. Male = 1, Female = 0), with a cut-off of 0.559 was superior to other scores for predicting HCC, having a sensitivity of 90% and specificity of 80.6%. CONCLUSION The HMC-CU score is a promising, easily calculated, accurate, cost-effective score for HCC prediction in chronic HCV patients with advanced liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ahmed Hosni Abdelmaksoud
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Noha Asem
- Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hend Ibrahim Shousha
- Endemic Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Tamer Mahmoud Elbaz
- Endemic Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rania Leithy
- Endemic Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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17
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Diagnostische und prognostische Bedeutung des α-Feto-Proteins beim hepatozellulären Karzinom. Chirurg 2020; 91:769-777. [DOI: 10.1007/s00104-020-01118-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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18
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A fully automatic computer-aided diagnosis system for hepatocellular carcinoma using convolutional neural networks. Biocybern Biomed Eng 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbe.2019.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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19
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Espíndola KMM, Ferreira RG, Narvaez LEM, Silva Rosario ACR, da Silva AHM, Silva AGB, Vieira APO, Monteiro MC. Chemical and Pharmacological Aspects of Caffeic Acid and Its Activity in Hepatocarcinoma. Front Oncol 2019; 9:541. [PMID: 31293975 PMCID: PMC6598430 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Caffeic acid (CA) is a phenolic compound synthesized by all plant species and is present in foods such as coffee, wine, tea, and popular medicines such as propolis. This phenolic acid and its derivatives have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticarcinogenic activity. In vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated the anticarcinogenic activity of this compound against an important type of cancer, hepatocarcinoma (HCC), considered to be of high incidence, highly aggressive and causing considerable mortality across the world. The anticancer properties of CA are associated with its antioxidant and pro-oxidant capacity, attributed to its chemical structure that has free phenolic hydroxyls, the number and position of OH in the catechol group and the double bond in the carbonic chain. Pharmacokinetic studies indicate that this compound is hydrolyzed by the microflora of colonies and metabolized mainly in the intestinal mucosa through phase II enzymes, submitted to conjugation and methylation processes, forming sulphated, glucuronic and/or methylated conjugates by the action of sulfotransferases, UDP-glucotransferases, and o-methyltransferases, respectively. The transmembrane flux of CA in intestinal cells occurs through active transport mediated by monocarboxylic acid carriers. CA can act by preventing the production of ROS (reactive oxygen species), inducing DNA oxidation of cancer cells, as well as reducing tumor cell angiogenesis, blocking STATS (transcription factor and signal translation 3) and suppression of MMP2 and MMP-9 (collagen IV metalloproteases). Thus, this review provides an overview of the chemical and pharmacological parameters of CA and its derivatives, demonstrating its mechanism of action and pharmacokinetic aspects, as well as a critical analysis of its action in the fight against hepatocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaio Murilo Monteiro Espíndola
- Laboratory of In Vitro Tests, Immunology and Microbiology-LABEIM, Exact and Natural Sciences Institute, Federal University of Pará/UFPA, Belém, Brazil
| | - Roseane Guimarães Ferreira
- Laboratory of In Vitro Tests, Immunology and Microbiology-LABEIM, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Pará/UFPA, Belém, Brazil
| | - Luis Eduardo Mosquera Narvaez
- Laboratory of In Vitro Tests, Immunology and Microbiology-LABEIM, Health Science Institute, Federal University of Pará/UFPA, Belém, Brazil
| | | | - Agnes Hanna Machado da Silva
- Laboratory of In Vitro Tests, Immunology and Microbiology-LABEIM, Health Science Institute, Federal University of Pará/UFPA, Belém, Brazil
| | - Ana Gabrielle Bispo Silva
- Laboratory of In Vitro Tests, Immunology and Microbiology-LABEIM, Health Science Institute, Federal University of Pará/UFPA, Belém, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Oliveira Vieira
- Laboratory of In Vitro Tests, Immunology and Microbiology-LABEIM, Health Science Institute, Federal University of Pará/UFPA, Belém, Brazil
| | - Marta Chagas Monteiro
- Laboratory of In Vitro Tests, Immunology and Microbiology-LABEIM, Health Science Institute, Federal University of Pará/UFPA, Belém, Brazil
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20
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Lu C, Jia S, Zhao S, Shao X. MiR-342 regulates cell proliferation and apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma through Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Cancer Biomark 2019; 25:115-126. [PMID: 31006667 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-192399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chang Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Shengnan Jia
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Shutao Zhao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xue Shao
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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21
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Abd El Moety HA, Maharem DA, Gomaa SH. Serotonin: is it a marker for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhotic patients? ALEXANDRIA JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajme.2013.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hoda Aly Abd El Moety
- Chemical Pathology, Medical Research Institute , Alexandria University , 16 Alexander the Great , Azarita, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Dalia Aly Maharem
- Internal Medicine, Medical Research Institute , Alexandria University , 16 Alexander the Great , Azarita, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Salwa Hamdy Gomaa
- Chemical Pathology, Medical Research Institute , Alexandria University , 16 Alexander the Great , Azarita, Alexandria, Egypt
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22
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Filippi L, Schillaci O, Bagni O. Recent advances in PET probes for hepatocellular carcinoma characterization. Expert Rev Med Devices 2019; 16:341-350. [DOI: 10.1080/17434440.2019.1608817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Filippi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Santa Maria Goretti Hospital, Latina, Italy
| | - Orazio Schillaci
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Oreste Bagni
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Santa Maria Goretti Hospital, Latina, Italy
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23
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Wifi MN, Zayed RA, Fouad N, Hassan AY, Hussien MA, Sokar MG. Association of serum growth differentiation factor 15 and hepatocellular carcinoma in Egyptian patients. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/ejim.ejim_39_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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24
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Wei Y, Dai F, Yi Y, Ye W, Zhao W. Impact of local tumor lesion treatments and preoperative indicators on the survival of patients with small hepatocellular carcinomas. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:5050-5058. [PMID: 30250572 PMCID: PMC6144377 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The prognosis for small hepatocellular carcinomas (SHCC) remains uncertain. The aim of the present study was to compare three local tumor lesion treatments and identify the prognostic factors in patients with SHCC by analyzing preoperative indicators. A retrospective study was performed using data from 206 patients with SHCC from 2006–2015. All of the patients had undergone transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) alone, TACE plus percutaneous microwave coagulation therapy (PMCT) or surgical resection (SR). The Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate the survival rates. Multivariate analysis was conducted using Cox regression analysis. The median survival time of patients with SHCC was 27 (range, 14–49) months in the TACE group, 29.5 (range, 16–52) months in the TACE-PMCT group and 36.5 (range, 26–52) months in the SR group (P=0.091). The 1, 3 and 5-year survival rates for patients with SHCC were 82.4, 64.9 and 46.8% in the TACE group; 89.0, 72.6 and 58.3% in the TACE-PMCT group and 88.8, 72.3 and 58.6% in the SR group (P=0.181), respectively. Analysis from the Cox regression model demonstrated that preoperative α-fetoprotein (AFP; <400 ng/ml vs. ≥400 ng/ml; HR=0.548; P=0.036) was an independent predictor of the survival time of patients with SHCC. Analysis of patients with preoperative AFP levels of ≥400 ng/ml revealed that the median survival time in the SR group was 36 (range, 28.25–52) months, significantly longer than the TACE (17 months; range, 12–44 months) and TACE-PMCT group (27 months; range, 14–55 months; P=0.035). The 1, 2 and 3-year survival rates for patients with SHCC with ≥400 ng/ml AFP were: 70.8, 55.5 and 49.9% in the TACE group; 83.7, 68.0 and 60.8% in the TACE-PMCT group; and 90.9, 81.8 and 61.0% in SR group, respectively (P=0.664). However, there was no significant difference among the three groups in the survival time of patients with SHCC with <400 ng/ml preoperative AFP. The observations indicated that SR is not significantly different for overall survival time in the patients with SHCC between the two groups; this method can be employed for patients with SHCC. This was based on the median survival time of patients with ≥400 ng/ml AFP in the SR group who had a longer survival time and a higher survival rate than in the TACE and TACE-PMCT group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Wei
- Department of Liver Disease, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China
| | - Feng Dai
- Department of Liver Disease, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China
| | - Yongxiang Yi
- Department of Liver Disease, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China
| | - Wei Ye
- Department of Liver Disease, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Liver Disease, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China
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Sobotka L, Hinton A, Conteh L. Women receive more inpatient resections and ablations for hepatocellular carcinoma than men. World J Hepatol 2017; 9:1346-1351. [PMID: 29359018 PMCID: PMC5756724 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v9.i36.1346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate disparities in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) based on gender.
METHODS A retrospective database analysis using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) was performed between 2010 and 2013. Adult patients with a primary diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma determined by International Classification of Disease 9 (ICD-9) codes were included. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regressions were performed to analyze differences in treatment, mortality, features of decompensation, and metastatic disease based on the patient’s gender.
RESULTS The analysis included 62582 patients with 45908 men and 16674 women. Women were less likely to present with decompensated liver disease (OR = 0.84, P < 0.001) and had less risk of inpatient mortality when compared to men (OR = 0.75, P < 0.001). Women were more likely to receive inpatient resection (OR = 1.31, P < 0.001) or an ablation (OR = 1.22, P = 0.028) than men. There was no significant difference between men and women in regard to liver transplantation and transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE).
CONCLUSION Gender impacts treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma. Women are more likely to undergo an ablation or resection then men. Gender disparities in transplantation have resolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay Sobotka
- Department of Internal Medicine, the Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Alice Hinton
- Division of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Lanla Conteh
- Section of Hepatology, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, the Hepatocellular Carcinoma Multidisciplinary Clinic, the James Comprehensive Cancer Center, the Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
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26
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Abed S, El-Dosoky M, El Sayed Zaki M, EL-Shafey M. Genetic Polymorphisms of Fas/FasL Promoter Associated with Hepatitis C cirrhosis and HCC. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2017; 18:2683-2688. [PMID: 29072392 PMCID: PMC5747390 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2017.18.10.2683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The present study was performed to determine any associations of genetic polymorphisms of Fas/FasL promoter regions, at Fas670 and Fas1377 and FasL844, with hepatitis C cirrhosis and HCC, with a focus on severity of disease. Methods: Totals of 120 patients with cirrhosis and 101 with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were enrolled. All had chronic HCV infection as indicated by positive anti-HCV antibodies and positive HCV RNA on real time PCR. One hundred healthy control subjects were also included in the study. Patients were subjected to full clinical, radiological and histopathological examinations. In addition to routine laboratory tests for liver function tests, Fas670 and Fas1377 and FasL844 genetic polymorphisms of Fas/FasL promoter regions were assessed by RFLP-PCR (restriction fragment length polymorphism with polymerase chain reaction). Results: Significant higher levels of the AG genotype in Fas670 and Fas1773 were observed in patients with cirrhosis and HCC (P=0.0001) as compared to control subjects. In addition, the CC genotype in FASL844 was also more common in patients (P=0.01). Furtehrmore, there was a significant association of substitution of A by G alleles in Fas670 and Fas1773 with advanced BCA staging (P=0.02, P=0.0001 respectively) and larger tumor size >5cm (P=0.01, P=0.0001 respectively) and in Fas670 with advanced pathological grading (P=0.0001). Moreover the CC genotype of FASL844 was significantly linked with advanced BCA, large tumor size >5cm and advanced pathological grading (P=0.0001). Conclusion: The findings of the present study highlight associations of genetic polymorphisms of promoter regions in Fas and Fas L with cirrhosis and HCC associated with chronic HCV. Support was also obtained for the conclusion that single nucleotide polymorphisms of the Fas/ FasL system impact on clinical and histopathological grading of HCCs. Further large scale studies are recommended for confirmation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally Abed
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt.
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Zhang S, Liu Q, Zhang Q, Liu L. MicroRNA-30a-5p suppresses proliferation, invasion and tumor growth of hepatocellular cancer cells via targeting FOXA1. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:5018-5026. [PMID: 29085515 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Deregulation of microRNAs (miRs) has been observed in a variety of types of human cancer. Previously, miR-30a-5p has been demonstrated to exhibit a suppressive role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the underlying mechanism remains largely unclear. The present study aimed to elucidate the regulatory mechanism of miR-30a-5p in proliferation and invasion of HCC cells. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase and western blotting were used to examine mRNA and protein expression of Forkhead box A1 (FOXA1). MTT and Transwell assays were performed to examine proliferation and invasion. Luciferase reporter assay was used to determine the association between miR-30a-5p and FOXA1. The data indicated that miR-30a-5p was significantly downregulated in HCC tissues compared with normal liver tissues. Furthermore, the level of miR-30a-5p was lower in HCC tissues with higher histological grade and advanced tumor stage compared with tissues with lower histological grade and tumor stage. Additionally, restoration of miR-30a-5p expression decreased the proliferation and invasion of HCC HepG2 and SMMC-7721 cells. FOXA1, a novel oncogene in HCC, was further identified as a target of miR-30a-5p. Furthermore, high expression of miR-30a-5p suppressed mRNA and protein expression of FOXA1, while overexpression of FOXA1 reversed the suppressive effect of miR-30a-5p on proliferation and invasion of HepG2 and SMMC-7721 cells. FOXA1 was markedly upregulated in HCC tissues compared with normal liver tissues, and its level was higher in HCC tissues with higher histological grade and advanced tumor stage. In addition, it was found that overexpression of miR-30a-5p significantly suppressed the tumor growth of HCC cells in nude mice. Taken together, the present study supports that miR-30a-5p inhibits the proliferation, invasion, and tumor growth of HCC cells, partly at least, by inhibition of FOXA1 expression, and therefore suggests that miR-30a-5p may serve as a potential candidate for HCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuliang Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Linzi District People's Hospital, Zibo, Shandong 255400, P.R. China
| | - Qin Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Ling Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
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Shankar S, Kalra N, Bhatia A, Srinivasan R, Singh P, Dhiman RK, Khandelwal N, Chawla Y. Role of Diffusion Weighted Imaging (DWI) for Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) Detection and its Grading on 3T MRI: A Prospective Study. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2016; 6:303-310. [PMID: 28003720 PMCID: PMC5157886 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2016.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited studies have evaluated the role of diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) for histologically grading the hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). OBJECTIVE To compare the efficacy of DWI with dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance (DCEMR) in detection of HCC in cirrhosis, and to evaluate whether DWI can be used instead of DCEMR. METHODS 20 patients of either sex with cirrhosis and suspected of having HCC on screening USG were included in this prospective study approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee. All patients underwent DCEMR of the abdomen on 3T scanner and fine needle aspiration of the lesions. MR protocol included T1WI, T2WI, DWI, and dynamic CEMR. The results of diffusion weighted imaging were compared with DCEMR to find the efficacy of DWI vis-à-vis CEMR. RESULTS DWI had a sensitivity and specificity of 100%, for diagnosis of lesions in cases having single lesion on CEMR, and sensitivity of 75% and specificity of 100% for diagnosis of lesions in cases having multiple lesions. There was a decreasing trend of ADC values with increasing grade of the tumor; however, the decreasing trend was not statistically significant. A cut-off ADC value of 0.8705 resulted in a sensitivity of 75% and specificity of 50% for differentiating between well-differentiated and other grades of HCC. CONCLUSION DWI can be used as an alternative for the detection and characterization of HCC, especially in patients with impaired renal function or contrast allergies precluding the use of contrast. In addition, DWI with ADC measurement may be helpful for non-invasive and preoperative prediction of the degree of differentiation of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Shankar
- Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Sector-12, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Naveen Kalra
- Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Sector-12, Chandigarh 160012, India
- Address for correspondence: Dr. Naveen Kalra, Professor, Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Sector-12, Chandigarh 160012, India. Fax: +91 172 2744401.Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and ResearchSector-12Chandigarh160012India
| | - Anmol Bhatia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Sector-12, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Radhika Srinivasan
- Department of Cytology and Gynaecological Pathology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Sector-12, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Paramjeet Singh
- Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Sector-12, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Radha K. Dhiman
- Department of Hepatology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Sector-12, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Niranjan Khandelwal
- Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Sector-12, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Yogesh Chawla
- Department of Hepatology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Sector-12, Chandigarh 160012, India
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Lin X, Wei J, Chen Y, He P, Lin J, Tan S, Nie J, Lu S, He M, Lu Z, Huang Q. Isoorientin from Gypsophila elegans induces apoptosis in liver cancer cells via mitochondrial-mediated pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 187:187-194. [PMID: 27130644 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.04.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Gypsophila elegans has been used as a traditional herbal medicine for treating immune disorders and chronic liver diseases in China. The aim of this study is to isolate an active ingredient from this herb and investigate its anti-tumor activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS An active ingredient was isolated from the ethanol extract using bioassay-guided screening. And its anti-tumor activity was analyzed by testing the cytotoxicity, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, clonogenecity and migration in HepG2 cells. To investigate its potential mechanism, cell apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, reactive oxygen species (ROS), cytochrome c, mitochondria membrane potential (MMP) and caspase level were determined in liver cancer cell line HepG2. RESULTS A flavonoid glycoside, i.e., G. elegans isoorientin (GEI), was isolated from this herb and identified as Isoorientin-2″-O-α-l-arabinopyranosyl. Our results showed that GEI significantly inhibited the viability and proliferation of HepG2 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner, and its cytotoxic effect was also confirmed by the elevated level of LDH. GEI treatment could markedly inhibit the clonogenicity and migration of HepG2 cells. Moreover, GEI induced remarkable apoptotic death of HepG2 cells through cell cycle arrest at G1 phase via the regulation of cell cycle-related genes, such as cyclin D, cyclin E and CDK2. Further study showed that GEI treatment significantly elevated ROS formation, followed by attenuation of MMP via up-regulation of Bax and down-regulation of Bcl-2, accompanied by cytochrome c release to the cytosol. In addition, GEI treatment resulted in a significant dose-dependent increase in caspase-3 and -9 proteolytic activities. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrates that the ability of GEI to induce apoptosis against HepG2 cells mediated by mitochondrial-mediated pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Lin
- Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Jinbin Wei
- Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Yongxin Chen
- Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530023, China
| | - Ping He
- Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Jun Lin
- Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Shimei Tan
- Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Jinlan Nie
- Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Shengjuan Lu
- Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Min He
- Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Zhongpeng Lu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530023, China; Department of Biochemistry, University of Arkansas Medical School, 4301 W. Markham, Little Rock, AR 72205-7199, USA
| | - Quanfang Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530023, China.
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Wang CH, Wey KC, Mo LR, Chang KK, Lin RC, Kuo JJ. Current trends and recent advances in diagnosis, therapy, and prevention of hepatocellular carcinoma. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 16:3595-604. [PMID: 25987009 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.9.3595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been one of the most fatal malignant tumors worldwide and its associated morbidity and mortality remain of significant concern. Based on in-depth reviews of serological diagnosis of HCC, in addition to AFP, there are other biomarkers: Lens culinaris agglutinin-reactive AFP (AFP-L3), des- carboxyprothrombin (DCP), tyrosine kinase with Ig and eprdermal growth factor (EGF) homology domains 2 (TIE2)-espressing monocytes (TEMs), glypican-3 (GPC3), Golgi protein 73 (GP73), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCCA) have been proposed as biomarkers for the early detection of HCC. The diagnosis of HCC is primarily based on noninvasive standard imaging methods, such as ultrasound (US), dynamic multiphasic multidetector-row CT (MDCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Some experts advocate gadolinium diethyl-enetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-EOB-DTPA) MRI and contrast-enhanced US as the promising imaging madalities of choice. With regard to recent advancements in tissue markers, many cuting-edge technologies using genome-wide DNA microarrays, qRT-PCR, and proteomic and inmunostaining studies have been implemented in an attempt to identify markers for early diagnosis of HCC. Only less than half of HCC patients at initial diagnosis are at an early stage treatable with curative options: local ablation, surgical resection, or liver transplant. Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is considered the standard of care with palliation for intermediate stage HCC. Recent innovative procedures using drug-eluting-beads and radioembolization using Yttrium-90 may exhibit beneficial effects in HCC treatment. During the past few years, several molecular targeted agents have been evaluated in clinical trials in advanced HCC. Sorafenib is currently the only approved systemic treatment for HCC. It has been approved for the therapy of asymptomatic HCC patients with well-preserved liver function who are not candidates for potentially curative treatments, such as surgical resection or liver transplantation. In the USA, Europe and particularly Japan, hepatitis C virus (HCV) related HCC accounts for most liver cancer, as compared with Asia-Pacific regions, where hepatitis B virus (HBV) may play a more important role in HCC development. HBV vaccination, while a vaccine is not yet available against HCV, has been recognized as a best primary prevention method for HBV-related HCC, although in patients already infected with HBV or HCV, secondary prevention with antiviral therapy is still a reasonable strategy. In addition to HBV and HCV, attention should be paid to other relevant HCC risk factors, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease due to obesity and diabetes, heavy alcohol consumption, and prolonged aflatoxin exposure. Interestingly, coffee and vitamin K2 have been proven to provide protective effects against HCC. Regarding tertiary prevention of HCC recurrence after surgical resection, addition of antiviral treatment has proven to be a rational strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hsiang Wang
- Department of Hepatogastroenterology, Tainan Municipal Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan E-mail :
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31
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Nguyen QV, Lym JS, Huynh CT, Kim BS, Jae HJ, Kim YI, Lee DS. A novel sulfamethazine-based pH-sensitive copolymer for injectable radiopaque embolic hydrogels with potential application in hepatocellular carcinoma therapy. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6py01141a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
After transcatheter delivery through hepatic artery, a hydrogel can be formed within tumor vasculature by the decrease of environmental pH, block the blood vessel and control the release of loaded anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quang Vinh Nguyen
- Theranostic Macromolecules Research Center and School of Chemical Engineering
- Sungkyunkwan University
- Suwon
- Korea
| | - Jae Seung Lym
- Theranostic Macromolecules Research Center and School of Chemical Engineering
- Sungkyunkwan University
- Suwon
- Korea
| | - Cong Truc Huynh
- Theranostic Macromolecules Research Center and School of Chemical Engineering
- Sungkyunkwan University
- Suwon
- Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
| | - Bong Sup Kim
- Theranostic Macromolecules Research Center and School of Chemical Engineering
- Sungkyunkwan University
- Suwon
- Korea
| | - Hwan Jun Jae
- Department of Radiology
- Seoul National University Hospital
- Seoul
- Korea
| | - Young Il Kim
- Department of Radiology
- Seoul National University Hospital
- Seoul
- Korea
- Department of Radiology
| | - Doo Sung Lee
- Theranostic Macromolecules Research Center and School of Chemical Engineering
- Sungkyunkwan University
- Suwon
- Korea
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El Sebay HM, Safan MA, Daoud AA, Tayel SI, Nouh MA, El Shafie S. Association of factor V Leiden, Janus kinase 2, prothrombin, and MTHFR mutations with primary Budd-Chiari syndrome in Egyptian patients. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2016; 31:235-40. [PMID: 26238013 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.13066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS) is defined as obstruction of hepatic venous outflow anywhere from the small hepatic veins to the suprahepatic inferior vena cava. The pathogenesis of BCS is still not fully understood. This study aimed to evaluate the association of factor V Leiden (FVL), Janus kinase 2 (JAK2), prothrombin, and methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) mutations with primary BCS. METHODS The study was carried out on 35 patients with primary BCS and 15 age and gender matched healthy individuals as a control group. Genotyping of FVL, prothrombin, and MTHFR mutations was determined by GENEQUALITY AB-THROMBO TYPE kit based on the reverse hybridization principle. JAK2 mutation was determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. RESULTS There was a statistically significant difference between patients and controls regarding FVL, MTHFR C677T, and MTHFR A1298C mutations with odds ratio of 1.83, 2.0, and 1.79, respectively. Hetero MTHFR C677T, hetero FVL, and hetero MTHFR A1298C were the most common etiological factors being responsible for 57.1, 42.9, and 42.9% of primary BCS cases, respectively. CONCLUSION It could be concluded that BCS is a multifactorial disease; in the current study, MTHFR C677T mutation was the most common cause of disease. Identification of one cause of BCS should not eliminate investigations for detection of other etiological factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatem M El Sebay
- Department of Medical Biochemistry; Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shibin El Kom, Egypt
| | - Manal A Safan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry; Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shibin El Kom, Egypt
| | - Ashraf A Daoud
- Department of Medical Biochemistry; Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shibin El Kom, Egypt
| | - Safaa I Tayel
- Department of Medical Biochemistry; Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shibin El Kom, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Nouh
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shibin El Kom, Egypt
| | - Shymaa El Shafie
- Department of Medical Biochemistry; Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shibin El Kom, Egypt
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Omran DAEH, Awad AH, Mabrouk MAER, Soliman AF, Aziz AOA. Application of data mining techniques to explore predictors of HCC in Egyptian patients with HCV-related chronic liver disease. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 16:381-5. [PMID: 25640385 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.1.381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second most common malignancy in Egypt. Data mining is a method of predictive analysis which can explore tremendous volumes of information to discover hidden patterns and relationships. Our aim here was to develop a non-invasive algorithm for prediction of HCC. Such an algorithm should be economical, reliable, easy to apply and acceptable by domain experts. METHODS This cross-sectional study enrolled 315 patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) related chronic liver disease (CLD); 135 HCC, 116 cirrhotic patients without HCC and 64 patients with chronic hepatitis C. Using data mining analysis, we constructed a decision tree learning algorithm to predict HCC. RESULTS The decision tree algorithm was able to predict HCC with recall (sensitivity) of 83.5% and precession (specificity) of 83.3% using only routine data. The correctly classified instances were 259 (82.2%), and the incorrectly classified instances were 56 (17.8%). Out of 29 attributes, serum alpha fetoprotein (AFP), with an optimal cutoff value of ≥50.3 ng/ml was selected as the best predictor of HCC. To a lesser extent, male sex, presence of cirrhosis, AST>64U/L, and ascites were variables associated with HCC. CONCLUSION Data mining analysis allows discovery of hidden patterns and enables the development of models to predict HCC, utilizing routine data as an alternative to CT and liver biopsy. This study has highlighted a new cutoff for AFP (≥50.3 ng/ml). Presence of a score of >2 risk variables (out of 5) can successfully predict HCC with a sensitivity of 96% and specificity of 82%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia Abd El Hamid Omran
- Endemic Medicine and Hepatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt E-mail : ;
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Attwa MH, El-Etreby SA. Guide for diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Hepatol 2015; 7:1632-1651. [PMID: 26140083 PMCID: PMC4483545 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v7.i12.1632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2014] [Revised: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is ranked as the 5th common type of cancer worldwide and is considered as the 3rd common reason for cancer-related deaths. HCC often occurs on top of a cirrhotic liver. The prognosis is determined by several factors; tumour extension, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) concentration, histologic subtype of the tumour, degree of liver dysfunction, and the patient’s performance status. HCC prognosis is strongly correlated with diagnostic delay. To date, no ideal screening modality has been developed. Analysis of recent studies showed that AFP assessment lacks adequate sensitivity and specificity for effective surveillance and diagnosis. Many tumour markers have been tested in clinical trials without progressing to routine use in clinical practice. Thus, surveillance is still based on ultrasound (US) examination every 6 mo. Imaging studies for diagnosis of HCC can fall into one of two main categories: routine non-invasive studies such as US, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging, and more specialized invasive techniques including CT during hepatic arteriography and CT arterial portography in addition to the conventional hepatic angiography. This article provides an overview and spotlight on the different diagnostic modalities and treatment options of HCC.
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Significance of serum angiogenin assay as a novel marker for diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma in liver cirrhosis. EGYPTIAN LIVER JOURNAL 2015. [DOI: 10.1097/01.elx.0000459080.18855.50s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Yin XB, Wu LQ, Fu HQ, Huang MW, Wang K, Zhou F, Yu X, Wang KY. Inhibitory effect of humanized anti-VEGFR-2 ScFv-As2O3-stealth nanoparticles conjugate on growth of human hepatocellular carcinoma: in vitro and in vivo studies. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2014; 7:337-43. [DOI: 10.1016/s1995-7645(14)60052-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Revised: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
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Darpolor MM, Basu SS, Worth A, Nelson DS, Clarke-Katzenberg RH, Glickson JD, Kaplan DE, Blair IA. The aspartate metabolism pathway is differentiable in human hepatocellular carcinoma: transcriptomics and (13) C-isotope based metabolomics. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2014; 27:381-9. [PMID: 24497316 PMCID: PMC3962779 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Revised: 10/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the primary form of human adult liver malignancy, is a highly aggressive tumor with average survival rates that are currently less than a year following diagnosis. Although bioinformatic analyses have indicated differentially expressed genes and cancer related mutations in HCC, integrated genetic and metabolic pathway analyses remain to be investigated. Herein, gene (i.e. messenger RNA, mRNA) enrichment analysis was performed to delineate significant alterations of metabolic pathways in HCC. The objective of this study was to investigate the pathway of aspartate metabolism in HCC of humans. Coupled with transcriptomic (i.e. mRNA) and NMR based metabolomics of human tissue extracts, we utilized liquid chromatography mass spectrometry based metabolomics analysis of stable [U-(13) C6 ]glucose metabolism or [U-(13) C5 ,(15) N2 ]glutamine metabolism of HCC cell culture. Our results indicated that aspartate metabolism is a significant and differentiable metabolic pathway of HCC compared with non-tumor liver (p value < 0.0001). In addition, branched-chain amino acid metabolism (p value < 0.0001) and tricarboxylic acid metabolism (p value < 0.0001) are significant and differentiable. Statistical analysis of measurable NMR metabolites indicated that at least two of the group means were significantly different for the metabolites alanine (p value = 0.0013), succinate (p value = 0.0001), lactate (p value = 0.0114), glycerophosphoethanolamine (p value = 0.015), and inorganic phosphate (p value = 0.0001). However, (13) C isotopic enrichment analysis of these metabolites revealed less than 50% isotopic enrichment with either stable [U-(13) C6 ]glucose metabolism or [U-(13) C5 ,(15) N2 ]glutamine. This may indicate the differential account of total metabolite pool versus de novo metabolites from a (13) C labeled substrate. The ultimate translation of these findings will be to determine putative enzyme activity via (13) C labeling, to investigate targeted therapeutics against these enzymes, and to optimize the in vivo performance of (13) C MRI techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moses M. Darpolor
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - Sankha S. Basu
- Centers for Cancer Pharmacology and Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - Andrew Worth
- Centers for Cancer Pharmacology and Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - David S. Nelson
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | | | - Jerry D. Glickson
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - David E. Kaplan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
- Gastroenterology Section, Philadelphia Veterans Administration Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ian A. Blair
- Centers for Cancer Pharmacology and Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
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Plasma proteosome level as a potential marker for hepatocellular carcinoma. Arab J Gastroenterol 2013; 14:87-93. [PMID: 24206735 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajg.2013.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2012] [Revised: 03/22/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a fatal malignancy. Effective curative surgery is achieved when HCC is detected earlier. Proteosomes, the main non-lysosomal proteolytic structures organising the cellular mechanisms of cleaving proteins, can be considered a tumour marker in many kinds of malignancies. The aim of this study was to assess the plasma proteosome level in HCC and cirrhosis and, accordingly, evaluate its potential diagnostic ability in the detection of HCC in cirrhosis. PATIENTS AND METHODS This study included 60 patients, divided into two groups: the HCC group and the liver cirrhosis group. Twenty normal subjects served as a control group. Serum levels of proteosome and alpha-foetoprotein (AFP) were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. RESULTS Plasma proteosome levels were significantly higher in patients with HCC and in patients with cirrhosis without HCC when compared to controls individually (p>0.002 and p>0.001, respectively) but did not reach a significant differentiating level between them (area under curve (AUC)=0.641, p=0.061). Moreover, the plasma proteosome level was not correlated with the severity of HCC by the Milan criteria or with AFP level. In addition, it was not significantly related to laboratory or Child-Pugh scoring. Moreover, the combined use of plasma proteosome level and AFP measurements for the diagnosis of HCC was not effective. CONCLUSIONS In this study, the plasma proteosome level was comparably recorded in both patients with cirrhosis and patients with HCC (mean value±standard deviation were 5.796±1.46 and 7.176±2.48μgml(-1), respectively), not reaching a significant differentiating level between them, although predictability of HCC using the plasma proteosome level was significant (p=0.017).
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Davila JA, Kramer JR, Duan Z, Richardson PA, Tyson GL, Sada YH, Kanwal F, El-Serag HB. Referral and receipt of treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma in United States veterans: effect of patient and nonpatient factors. Hepatology 2013; 57:1858-68. [PMID: 23359313 PMCID: PMC4046942 DOI: 10.1002/hep.26287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The delivery of treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) could be influenced by the place of HCC diagnosis (hospitalization versus outpatient), subspecialty referral following diagnosis, as well as physician and facility factors. We conducted a study to examine the effect of patient and nonpatient factors on the place of HCC diagnosis, referral, and treatment in Veterans Administration (VA) hospitals in the United States. Using the VA Hepatitis C Clinical Case Registry, we identified hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected patients who developed HCC during 1998-2006. All cases were verified and staged according to Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) criteria. The main outcomes were place of HCC diagnosis, being seen by a surgeon or oncologist, and treatment. We examined factors related to these outcomes using hierarchical logistic regression. These factors included HCC stage, HCC surveillance, physician specialty, and facility factors, in addition to risk factors, comorbidity, and liver disease indicators. Approximately 37.2% of the 1,296 patients with HCC were diagnosed during hospitalization, 31.0% were seen by a surgeon or oncologist, and 34.3% received treatment. Being seen by a surgeon or oncologist was associated with surveillance (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.47; 95% CI: 1.20-1.80) and varied by geography (1.74;1.09-2.77). Seeing a surgeon or oncologist was predictive of treatment (aOR = 1.43; 95% CI: 1.24-1.66). There was a significant increase in treatment among patients who received surveillance (aOR = 1.37; 95% CI: 1.02-1.71), were seen by gastroenterology (1.65;1.21-2.24), or were diagnosed at a transplant facility (1.48;1.15-1.90). CONCLUSION Approximately 40% of patients were diagnosed during hospitalization. Most patients were not seen by a surgeon or oncologist for treatment evaluation and only 34% received treatment. Only receipt of HCC surveillance was associated with increased likelihood of outpatient diagnosis, being seen by a surgeon or oncologist, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Davila
- Houston VA Health Services Research Center of Excellence, Section of Health Services Research, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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Trotta MDR, Cajaiba DM, Parra OM, Dagli MLZ, Hernandez-Blazquez FJ. Parenteral solution of nutritional hepatotrophic factors improves regeneration in thioacetamide-induced cirrhotic livers after partial hepatectomy. Toxicol Pathol 2013; 42:414-21. [PMID: 23615430 DOI: 10.1177/0192623313486316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Liver resection is a suitable option for the treatment of certain hepatic conditions, particularly hepatocarcinomas, in patients with cirrhosis. However, this disease impairs liver regeneration, which increases the risk of liver failure and postoperative death. Supportive treatments for regeneration of the remaining liver may be useful for the recovery of these patients. We demonstrated that nutritional hepatotrophic factors (NHF) is an effective regenerative stimulus for cirrhotic livers in rats subjected to partial hepatectomy (PH). The rats with thioacetamide-induced cirrhosis were subjected to PH, and they were divided into 2 groups. One group received intraperitoneal administration of NHF, and the other group received saline solution. After 12 days, biometric data, collagen content, hepatocyte regeneration (proliferation cell nuclear antigen immunochemistry), and profibrotic gene expression (Collagen-α1, matrix metalloproteinase 2, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1, and transforming growth factor beta 1) were assessed. The results indicated that the rats treated with NHF after PH had an increased liver size, a reduced amount of collagen, and a higher hepatocyte proliferation index compared with the rats that underwent PH alone. In addition, collagen-α1 gene expression was decreased in the NHF-treated rats. Thus, postoperative improvement in the liver morphology following NHF treatment may cause a significant decrease in the risk of liver failure and mortality after hepatic resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio de Rosa Trotta
- 1Departamento de Patologia e Medicina Legal, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
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El-Serag HB, Kanwal F. α-Fetoprotein in hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance: mend it but do not end it. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2013; 11:441-3. [PMID: 23376321 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2012.12.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Bertino G, Ardiri A, Malaguarnera M, Malaguarnera G, Bertino N, Calvagno GS. Hepatocellualar carcinoma serum markers. Semin Oncol 2012; 39:410-33. [PMID: 22846859 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2012.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in some areas of the world. In most cases, HCC is diagnosed at a late stage. Therefore, the prognosis of patients with HCC is generally poor. The recommended screening strategy for patients with cirrhosis includes the determination of serum α-fetoprotein (AFP) levels and an abdominal ultrasound every 6 months to detect HCC at an earlier stage. AFP, however, is a marker characterized by poor sensitivity and specificity, and abdominal ultrasound is highly dependent on the operator's experience. In addition to AFP, Lens culinaris agglutinin-reactive AFP (AFP-L3), des-γ-carboxy prothrombin (DCP), glypican-3 (GPC-3), osteopontin (OPN), and several other biomarkers (such as squamous cell carcinoma antigen-immunoglobulin M complexes [SCCA-IgM], alpha-1-fucosidase [AFU], chromogranin A [CgA], human hepatocyte growth factor, insulin-like growth factor) have been proposed as markers for the early detection of HCC. For these markers, we describe the mechanisms of production, and their diagnostic and prognosis roles. None of them is optimal; however, when used together, their sensitivity in detecting HCC is increased. Recent research has shown that some biomarkers have mitogenic and migratory activities in the angiogenesis of HCC and are a factor of tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Bertino
- Hepatology Unit, Department of Medical and Pediatric Sciences, Policlinic of Catania, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
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Abstract
The burden of cancer is growing worldwide and with it a more desperate need for better tools to detect, diagnose and monitor the disease is required. It is well recognized that cancer cells are characterized by distinct metabolic perturbations. The metabolomics approach involves the comprehensive profiling of the full complement of low MW compounds in a biological system. By applying advanced analytical and statistical tools, the 'metabolome' is mined for biomarkers that are associated with the state of cancer. This review presents an introduction to the main analytical platforms used in metabolomics analyses, such as NMR spectroscopy and MS, as well as the statistical tools used to mine these datasets. The discussion focuses on 'state-of-the-art' investigations on the four cancer types that have received the most study by metabolomics, namely breast, prostate, colorectal and liver cancer.
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Hussein YM, Morad FE, Gameel MA, Emam WA, El Sawy WH, El Tarhouny SA, Bayomy ES, Raafat N. MAGE-4 gene m-RNA and TGF in blood as potential biochemical markers for HCC in HCV-infected patients. Med Oncol 2012; 29:3055-62. [PMID: 22653756 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-012-0257-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2011] [Accepted: 05/12/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Progression from chronic hepatitis C virus infection to cirrhosis then to hepatocellular carcinoma usually results in some protein changes in peripheral blood. We evaluated MAGE-4 mRNA, TGFβ1 and AFP in peripheral blood as potential biochemical markers for diagnosis and prognosis of some complications of HCV infection. MAGE-4 mRNA in blood by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, serum TGF-Β1 and AFP by ELISA was assayed in seventy-five individuals who were classified into five groups: group I (control) comprised fifteen apparently healthy volunteers, group II involved fifteen HCV-infected patients without cirrhosis, group III involved fifteen HCV fifteen HCV-infected patients with cirrhosis, group IV included fifteen HCV-infected patients with cirrhosis and early stage HCC, and group V included fifteen HCV cirrhotic patients and late-stage HCC. We found that the frequency of positivity of MAGE-4 among the late hepatoma group was 40 %, while in the early hepatoma group the positivity was 6.7 %. The results for TGF-Β1 revealed a significant increase in serum TGF-Β1 in groups IV and V as compared to control, II, III groups. The obtained results of AFP showed a significant positive increase in serum AFP in groups IV and V when compared to groups II and III. Detection of MAGE-4 transcripts in blood, especially with follow-up survey, may help to predict the prognosis and monitoring of the response to the therapy, and serum TGF-Β1 level in HCC patients is directly correlated with metastasis and recurrence of tumors and increases gradually with the progression of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousri M Hussein
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
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Waly Raphael S, Yangde Z, YuXiang C. Hepatocellular carcinoma: focus on different aspects of management. ISRN ONCOLOGY 2012; 2012:421673. [PMID: 22655206 PMCID: PMC3359687 DOI: 10.5402/2012/421673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2012] [Accepted: 03/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common cancer and the third cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Its incidence is clearly arising comprised by the prevalence of major risk factors mainly hepatitis B and hepatitis C. The population at risk is composed of chronic liver patients at the stage of extensive fibrosis or cirrhosis. The monitoring programs of this population have allowed early detection of disease management to promote a radical therapy. Understanding the carcinogenic process and the mastery of the staging systems remain essential keys in diagnosis and treatment of HCC. Recent advances in diagnosis and new treatments have made important impacts on the disease by increasing survival rates and improving quality of life for HCC patients. This paper outlines the different management aspects of HCC which include epidemiology, prevention, carcinogenesis, staging systems, diagnosis, surveillance, and the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sene Waly Raphael
- National Hepatobiliary and Enteric Surgery Research Center of Ministry of Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Zhang Yangde
- National Hepatobiliary and Enteric Surgery Research Center of Ministry of Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Chen YuXiang
- National Hepatobiliary and Enteric Surgery Research Center of Ministry of Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
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Lin MT, Chen CL, Wang CC, Cheng YF, Eng HL, Wang JH, Chiu KW, Lee CM, Hu TH. Diagnostic sensitivity of hepatocellular carcinoma imaging and its application to non-cirrhotic patients. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2011; 26:745-50. [PMID: 21418303 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2010.06501.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The American Association for the Study of Liver Disease issued guidelines that proposed that hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) can be diagnosed if a mass is larger than 2 cm in a cirrhotic liver and shows typical features of HCC at triphasic liver computed tomography (CT) or dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In non-cirrhotic livers, the criteria were not applicable. The aim of the present study was to retrospectively analyze the sensitivity of imaging by samples of definite HCC postoperatively and test their application to diagnose HCC in non-cirrhotic livers. METHODS From January 2006 to November 2008, a total of 343 pathologically-diagnosed HCC patients via surgical resection were reviewed. Among the 343 patients, 204 patients had undergone liver CT examination, and 80 patients underwent MRI examination; serum α-fetoprotein had been checked for all 343 patients prior to operation. The diagnostic sensitivity of HCC by imaging was evaluated and compared in patients with/without cirrhosis by ultrasound and histology. RESULTS The diagnostic sensitivity of HCC by single imaging was approximately 65-80% (liver CT or MRI). A higher sensitivity of HCC diagnosis was found in patients with ultrasound-diagnosed cirrhosis than non-cirrhosis, but the difference in sensitivity disappeared after histologically-cirrhotic validation. The results indicated that regardless of the presence or absence of cirrhosis (histology), a typical vascular pattern could diagnose HCC with equally high sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS We provide evidence that the sensitivity of HCC diagnosis by imaging is not influenced by the cirrhotic background. Further study is needed to validate the specificity and accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Tzung Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gang Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gang University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Moonsom S, Tayapiwatana C, Wongkham S, Kongtawelert P, Kasinrerk W. A Competitive ELISA for quantifying serum CD147: reduction of soluble CD147 levels in cancer patient sera. Hybridoma (Larchmt) 2010; 29:45-52. [PMID: 20199151 DOI: 10.1089/hyb.2009.0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
CD147/EMMPRIN (extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer) is a cell surface glycoprotein that displays increased expression in many cancers. It has been previously demonstrated to participate in cancer metastasis and progression. In this study we used an anti-CD147 monoclonal antibody and a recombinant CD147 protein generated in our laboratory to establish a competitive ELISA for quantifying serum CD147 levels. Unexpectedly, the CD147 level was highest in sera of normal subjects and significantly reduced in sera of cancer patients. There was no significant difference in serum CD147 level between benign, non-metastatic, and metastatic stages of cancers. In regard to liver diseases, the maximal CD147 level was observed in sera of patients with hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma, and significantly decreased in patients with liver cirrhosis and cholangiocarcinoma. Our results imply that there may be homeostasis of CD147 levels in sera under normal physiological conditions, while such a level is altered in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seangdeun Moonsom
- Biomedical Technology Research Center, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency at the Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Andreana L, Isgrò G, Pleguezuelo M, Germani G, Burroughs AK. Surveillance and diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with cirrhosis. World J Hepatol 2009; 1:48-61. [PMID: 21160965 PMCID: PMC2998953 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v1.i1.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2009] [Revised: 09/11/2009] [Accepted: 09/18/2009] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Early identification of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is more frequent because of surveillance programs for HCC worldwide. The optimal strategy of surveillance in cirrhosis is a current topical issue. In terms of diagnosis, recent advances in non-invasive imaging technology, including various techniques of harmonic ultrasound, new ultrasound contrast agents, multi-slice helical computed tomography and rapid high quality magnetic resonance, have all improved the accuracy of diagnosis. Consequently the role of liver biopsy in diagnosis of HCC has declined. The imaging diagnosis relies on the hallmark of arterial hypervascularity with portal venous washout. However, with recent advances in genomics and proteomics a great number of potential serum and tissue markers have been identified and are being developed as new candidate markers for both diagnosis and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma, and may increase the need for liver biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Andreana
- Lorenzo Andreana, Graziella Isgrò, Maria Pleguezuelo, Giacomo Germani, Andrew K Burroughs, The Royal Free Sheila Sherlock Liver Center, Departement of Surgery, Royal Free Hospital, London, NW3 2QG, United Kingdom
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Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the commonest cancers worldwide, particularly in parts of the developing world, and is increasing in incidence. This article reviews the current modalities employed for the diagnosis of HCC, including serum markers, radiological techniques and histological evaluation, and summarises international guidelines for the diagnostic approach to HCC.
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