1
|
Wang C, Wang J, Fan J, Yang J, Xu X, Jiang Y, Sun J, Lu R, Chen J. Prevalence and risk factors of dental fluorosis among children aged 8-12 years in Shandong province of China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2024; 34:1824-1834. [PMID: 37578076 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2023.2247364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
This study was to investigate the prevalence and severity of children's dental fluorosis (DF) in Shandong and identified the potential risk factors for DF. A total of 87 villages in Shandong were investigated to calculate the prevalence of DF and Community Fluorosis Index (CFI) in 2018-2019. Six hundred and seventy children were enrolled to identify the potential risk factors using univariate and multivariate logistic regressions. Goodman-Kruskal Gamma was used to explore the factors related to the severity of DF. In 87 villages, 1249 of 8700 (14.36%) children still have DF. The prevalence of DF in most villages was below 40% in 2018-2019. Water fluorine concentration when selected for the study and urinary fluorine concentration were related to the risk of DF (P < 0.001). Some eating habits, like lower frequency of eating fresh vegetables, eggs, and beans, were associated with the risk of DF (P < 0.001). The high water fluorine concentration, and lower frequency of eating fresh vegetables, eggs, and beans were also related to the severity of DF (P < 0.001). DF in children in Shandong province is still a common endemic disease. This study tries to provide a useful guide for the prevention and control of DF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunlei Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, Jiangsu, China
- Shandong Institute of Prevention and Control for Endemic Disease, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Qingdao Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao Institute of Preventive Medicine, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Jingli Fan
- Shandong Institute of Prevention and Control for Endemic Disease, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinming Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yiquan Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rongzhu Lu
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Laboratory Sciences, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Alahmari MA. Treatment of Cases with Different Grades of Fluorosis by Lithium Disilicate Glass-Ceramic CAD/CAM Materials: A Case Report of Two Cases. J Contemp Dent Pract 2023; 24:342-348. [PMID: 38149813 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Over exposure to high amount of fluoride during the development of enamel leads to fluorosis. Dental fluorosis is considered to be the most common color disorders of the enamel. It presents with different clinical signs on the enamel of the patients. The diagnosis of dental fluorosis is very challenging in the clinical practice since the enamel defects could be confusing. This case report presented two cases and their treatment for different grades of dental fluorosis to improve the esthetic appearance of the teeth. Keywords: Dental fluorosis, Fluorosis index, Lithium disilicate glass-ceramic, Microabrasion, Resin infiltration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maram A Alahmari
- College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia, e-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tang H, Wang M, Li G, Wang M, Luo C, Zhou G, Zhao Q, Dong L, Liu H, Cui Y, Liu L, Zhang S, Wang A. Association between dental fluorosis prevalence and inflammation levels in school-aged children with low-to-moderate fluoride exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 320:120995. [PMID: 36603756 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation mediates the neurological deficits caused by fluoride. Thus, whether inflammation is the underlying mechanism of dental fluorosis (DF) in school-aged children is worth exploring. A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the association between inflammation and the prevalence and severity of DF with low-to-moderate fluoride exposure. Fasting morning urine and venous blood samples were collected from 593 children aged 7-14 years. The fluoride content in the water and urine samples was measured using a fluoride ion-selective electrode assay. The levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were detected using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The Dean's index was used when performing dental examinations. Regression, stratified, and mediation analyses were performed to analyze the association between fluoride exposure, inflammation, and DF prevalence. In the adjusted regression models, the prevalence of mild DF was 1.723-fold (95% confidence interval [CI]:1.612, 1.841) and 1.594-fold (1.479, 1.717) greater than that of normal DF for each 1 mg/L increase in water and urinary fluoride content, respectively. The prevalence of mild DF increased by 3.3% for each 1 pg/mL increase in the IL-1β level and by 26.0% for each 1 mg/L increase in the CRP level. Stratified analysis indicated a weaker association between fluoride concentration and DF prevalence in boys than in girls, and susceptibility in the boys was reflected by the association of IL-1β with very mild and moderate DF prevalence. For every 1 mg/L increase in water and urinary fluoride levels, the proportion of IL-1β-mediated effects on the prevalence of mild DF was 10.0% (6.1%, 15.8%) and 8.7% (4.8%, 15.2%), respectively, and the proportion of CRP-mediated effects was 9.2% (5.5%, 14.9%) and 6.1% (3.3%, 11.0%), respectively. This study indicates that the DF prevalence may be sex-specific. Inflammatory factors may partially mediate the increased prevalence of mild DF in school-aged children with low-to-moderate fluoride exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huayang Tang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health(incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Mengru Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health(incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Henan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Gaochun Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health(incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Mengwei Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health(incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Chen Luo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health(incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Guoyu Zhou
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health(incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health(incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Lixin Dong
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health(incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Hongliang Liu
- Tianjin Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Yushan Cui
- Tianjin Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Shun Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health(incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Aiguo Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health(incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abbasoglu Z, Dalledone M, Wambier LM, Pecharki G, Baratto-Filho F, Andrades KMR, Scariot R, Trevilatto PC, Brancher JA, Küchler EC. Single nucleotide polymorphism rs4284505 in microRNA17 and risk of dental fluorosis. Acta Odontol Scand 2020; 78:463-466. [PMID: 32619376 DOI: 10.1080/00016357.2020.1786600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study is to evaluate the association between the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs4284505 within the gene that codifies microRNA17 (miRNA17) and dental fluorosis (DF) in a group of children. METHODS Children living in a city with fluoridation of public water supplies were included. DF was assessed in erupted permanent teeth by Dean's modified index. The miR-SNP rs4284505 was selected in miRNA17 and genotyping was carried out by real-time PCR. Genotype and allelic distributions between DF and control, and between DF phenotypes (mild, moderate and severe) and control were analysed. RESULTS Among a total of 527 children enrolled for the study, 383 were DF free and 144 presented DF. In the dominant model analysis (AA + AG vs. GG) the miR-SNP rs4284505 was associated with moderate DF, with carriers of the GG genotype having an increased risk of more than two times for DF (p = 0.031; Odds Ratio = 2.26, Confidence Interval 95%= 1.04-4.73). Allelic distribution showed borderline statistical significance for moderate DF with the carriers of G allele having an increased risk for DF (p = .050; Odds Ratio = 1.75, Confidence Interval 95%= 1.00-3.12). CONCLUSION The miR-SNP rs4284505 in miRNA17 was associated with an increased risk of DF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zerrin Abbasoglu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mariana Dalledone
- School of Health and Biological Sciences, Universidade Positivo, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Letícia M. Wambier
- Department of Dentistry, School of Health and Biological Sciences, Universidade Positivo, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Giovana Pecharki
- Department of Community Health, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Flares Baratto-Filho
- School of Health and Biological Sciences, Universidade Positivo, Curitiba, Brazil
- School of Dentistry, Univille University, Joinville, Brazil
| | | | - Rafaela Scariot
- School of Health and Biological Sciences, Universidade Positivo, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Paula C. Trevilatto
- Dental School, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUC-PR), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - João A. Brancher
- School of Health and Biological Sciences, Universidade Positivo, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Erika C. Küchler
- School of Health and Biological Sciences, Universidade Positivo, Curitiba, Brazil
- School of Dentistry, Univille University, Joinville, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lacerda APAG, Oliveira NAD, Pinheiro HHC, Assis KMDL, Cury JA. Water fluoridation in the ten largest municipalities of the state of Tocantins, Brazil. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2020; 25:1507-1518. [PMID: 32267451 DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232020254.17722018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Water fluoridation is a strategy for caries control recommended by the WHO. In Brazil, it is regulated by law but this program has not been successfully implemented in the North region. This research aimed to collect data on the existence of external control (heterocontrol) in the ten largest municipalities in the state of Tocantins, Brazil, and to analyze fluoride concentration in the public water supply of these cities. The study was conducted from May-August/17, and its theoretical-methodological framework was a quantitative, descriptive and cross-sectional analysis. Water collections were carried out monthly, using sampling protocol of water collection of the network. Fluoride concentration in the waters was determined with ion specific electrode by the direct technique. It was verified that water fluoridation monitoring is only been done in Palmas, capital of the state, starting in 2016. Thirty-two percent of waters samples analyzed showed fluoride concentration to obtain the maximum benefit of reduction caries and 27.5% of them presented a high or very high risk of dental fluorosis. It is necessary to implement a program to control the concentration of fluoride in the water of the municipalities of Tocantins, in order to ensure that the population is not deprived of the anticaries' benefits of the adjustment of fluoride concentration of the treated water.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jaime Aparecido Cury
- Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba, Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Campinas SP Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Assessment of the Use of Epicarp and Mesocarp of Green Coconut for Removal of Fluoride Ions in Aqueous Solution. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2019. [DOI: 10.1155/2019/7163812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Fruit consumption and processing result in considerable volumes of residual biomass. Transformation of this biomass into biosorbents offers an alternative for its reuse and disposal. As the green coconut shell is a waste often discarded in landfills and dumps, generating gases and leachate, two biosorbents were developed from the epicarp and mesocarp of green coconut to adsorb fluoride ions in aqueous solution. The kinetic experiments showed that sorption of fluoride ions reached equilibrium at 300 min for both epicarp and mesocarp at temperatures of 25°C, 35°C, and 45°C. The removal efficiency of fluoride ions varied from 66.25% (at 25°C) to 77.50% (at 45°C) for the epicarp and from 90% (at 25°C) to 97.50% (at 45°C) for the mesocarp. The thermodynamic parameters of the adsorption process showed that adsorption is a spontaneous, endothermic process for both biosorbents. The adsorption was classified as chemical, with the Langmuir isotherm model best suited to the adsorption isotherms data.
Collapse
|
7
|
Lima IFP, Nóbrega DF, Cericato GO, Ziegelmann PK, Paranhos LR. Prevalence of dental fluorosis in regions supplied with non-fluoridated water in the Brazilian territory: a systematic review and meta-analysis. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2019; 24:2909-2922. [PMID: 31389538 DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232018248.19172017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate and compare the prevalences of dental fluorosis in Brazilian cities supplied with non-fluoridated water and in locations that uses groundwater. In December of 2016, cross-sectional studies were searched in eight databases, including the "grey literature". The prevalences were estimated through a mixed random effects model considering the locations as subgroups. The heterogeneity among the studies was assessed with I2 statistics and the Cochran's Q test. A total of 1038 records were found, from which only 18 articles met the inclusion criteria and were subjected to analysis. The meta-analytic model estimated a prevalence of dental fluorosis of 8.92 % (95 % CI: 5.41 % to 14.36 %) in cities supplied with non-fluoridated water, and of 51.96 % (95 % CI: 31.03 % to 72.22 %) in cities supplied by artesian wells. The heterogeneity among the studies was high: I2 = 95 % (p < 0.01) in the first subgroup of cities and I2 = 98 % (p < 0.01) in the second subgroup. The prevalence was significantly higher (p < 0.001) in populations exposed to artesian well water, indicating that the presence of natural fluoride at high concentrations represents a risk factor for the occurrence of dental fluorosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Igor Felipe Pereira Lima
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Odontologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS). R. Ramiro Barcelos 2492, Santa Cecília. 90035-004. Porto Alegre RS Brasil.
| | | | | | | | - Luiz Renato Paranhos
- Departamento de Odontologia Preventiva e Social, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia. Uberlândia MG Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Palmeira ÁRDOA, da Silva VATH, Dias Júnior FL, Stancari RCA, Nascentes GAN, Anversa L. Physicochemical and microbiological quality of the public water supply in 38 cities from the midwest region of the State of São Paulo, Brazil. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2019; 91:805-812. [PMID: 31004532 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The public water supply is a constant subject of concern since its quality depends on many different factors. The intention of this paper was to evaluate the quality of the public water supply in 38 cities from the midwest region of the State of São Paulo, Brazil, during the year of 2016. The parameters investigated included free residual chlorine, pH, apparent color, turbidity, fluoride, nitrate, and the presence of total coliforms and Escherichia coli. In total, from the 2,897 samples of water under analysis, 545 (18.81%) samples conflicted with the country's current legislation. The highest rates of noncompliance were related to fluoride contents and the presence of total coliforms. In addition, high nitrate concentrations (>10 mg/L NO3 -N) were observed in one of the cities' water sample. Our data display the major critical points of the water offered to the population and expose the potential risks for human health, indicating the need of a regular surveillance of the water and the adoption of corrective and preventive measures, in order to avoid the waterborne diseases occurrence, thus contributing to the population's health improvement. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Approximately 20% of the unsatisfactory water samples. High nitrate concentrations in public supply water. Potential risks for human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Francisco Lopes Dias Júnior
- Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Centro de Laboratório Regional de Bauru, Núcleo de Ciências Químicas e Bromatológicas, Bauru, Brazil
| | - Regina Célia Arantes Stancari
- Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Centro de Laboratório Regional de Bauru, Núcleo de Ciências Químicas e Bromatológicas, Bauru, Brazil
| | | | - Laís Anversa
- Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Centro de Laboratório Regional de Bauru, Núcleo de Ciências Químicas e Bromatológicas, Bauru, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Scalize PS, Pinheiro RVN, Ruggeri Junior HC, Albuquerque A, Lobón GS, Arruda PN. External control of fluoridation in public water supply systems in the state of Goiás, Brazil. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2019; 23:3849-3860. [PMID: 30427455 DOI: 10.1590/1413-812320182311.24712016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The addition of fluoride to the public water supply is a method used for reducing tooth decay. In this sense, the control of fluoridation is important for maintaining its efficiency and, at the same time, for avoiding the risk of fluorosis as a result of the consumption of water with excess of fluoride. The objective of this study was to evaluate the adequacy of fluoride levels in the water distributed to populations of the state of Goiás, Brazil. Towards this aim, 5,039 water samples collected between 2011 and 2013 in 225 municipalities of the state of Goiás were analyzed for fluoride level. The results were assessed with regard to season, type of water source and geographic location. Fluoride levels were found to vary between complete absence and 2.5 mg F/L, with 28.2% of the samples being between 0.6 and 0.8 mg F/L, and 39.1% between 0.55 and 0.84 mg F/L. The rainy season produced a greater number of atypical results and higher values than the dry period. The systems supplied by groundwater sources were shown to have a limited control of fluoride concentration compared to systems supplied by surface water sources. Lower concentrations of fluoride were found in samples collected in the North and East Mesoregions of Goiás, with less than 7.5% being between 0.6 and 0.8 mg F/L, which systems are mainly supplied by groundwater sources with fluoride addition .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Sérgio Scalize
- Programas de Pós- Graduação em Engenharia Ambiental e Sanitária e Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Federal de Goiás . Av. Universitária 1488, Setor Universitário. 74605- 220 Goiânia GO Brasil .
| | - Roberta Vieira Nunes Pinheiro
- Programas de Pós- Graduação em Engenharia Ambiental e Sanitária e Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Federal de Goiás . Av. Universitária 1488, Setor Universitário. 74605- 220 Goiânia GO Brasil .
| | | | - António Albuquerque
- Departamento de Engenharia Civil e Arquitetura , Universidade da Beira Interior . Covilhã Portugal
| | - Germán Sanz Lobón
- Programas de Pós- Graduação em Engenharia Ambiental e Sanitária e Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Federal de Goiás . Av. Universitária 1488, Setor Universitário. 74605- 220 Goiânia GO Brasil .
| | - Poliana Nascimento Arruda
- Programas de Pós- Graduação em Engenharia Ambiental e Sanitária e Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Federal de Goiás . Av. Universitária 1488, Setor Universitário. 74605- 220 Goiânia GO Brasil .
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sundfeld D, Pavani CC, Pini N, Machado LS, Schott TC, Sundfeld RH. Enamel Microabrasion and Dental Bleaching on Teeth Presenting Severe-pitted Enamel Fluorosis: A Case Report. Oper Dent 2019; 44:566-573. [PMID: 30702410 DOI: 10.2341/18-116-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The present clinical case report describes the clinical steps of enamel microabrasion associated with dental bleaching to restore severely-pitted fluorosed teeth. The process of removing the fluorotic superficial stains started by using macroabrasion with a water-cooled fine tapered 3195 FF diamond bur. Rubber dam isolation of the operative field was used to remove the remaining enamel stains and superficial irregularities with the Opalustre microabrasive compound (6.6% hydrochloric acid associated with silicon carbide particles) followed by polishing using fluoridated paste and subsequent 2% neutral fluoride gel topical application. After one month, dental bleaching was performed using 10% carbamide peroxide in custom-formed acetate trays for two hours/day for 42 days. The association of enamel microabrasion with dental bleaching was effective for reestablishing the dental esthetics of a patient with severe dental fluorosis.
Collapse
|
11
|
Estrogen receptor gene is associated with dental fluorosis in Brazilian children. Clin Oral Investig 2018; 23:3565-3570. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-018-2778-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
12
|
Cruz MGBD, Narvai PC. Caries and fluoridated water in two Brazilian municipalities with low prevalence of the disease. Rev Saude Publica 2018; 52:28. [PMID: 29641653 PMCID: PMC5893274 DOI: 10.11606/s1518-8787.2018052016330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the association between exposure to fluoridated water and dental caries in a context of widespread use of fluoride toothpaste in Brazil, in a scenario of low prevalence of the disease. METHODS This is a cross-sectional observational study, of the census type, in the form of a double population-based epidemiological survey carried out in two municipalities of the state of São Paulo in 2014. The sample consisted of adolescents aged 11 and 12 years, exposed (n = 184) or not exposed (n = 128) to fluoridated water for at least five years. The populations studied lived in communities of the same geographic region and had small demographic size and similar socioeconomic classification, differing only in the exposure (Silveiras) or not exposure (São José do Barreiro) to fluoridated water. The experience, magnitude, and degree of polarization of dental caries in these populations were analyzed using the DMFT and SiC indexes, and the association was tested using Pearson’s chi-square statistics and prevalence ratio between those not exposed and those exposed to fluoridated water. RESULTS Although caries experience (DMFT ≥ 1) was not associated with exposure to fluoridated water (chi-square = 1.78; p = 0.18; α = 5%), a significant difference was observed in the magnitude with which the disease reached the population: the means of DMFT were 1.76 in those exposed and 2.60 in those not exposed and the means of SiC were 4.04 and 6.16, respectively. The degree of polarization, indicated by the percentage of subjects with DMFT = 0, was different, being it higher (41.8%) in subjects exposed and lower (34.3%) in subjects not exposed. The prevalence ratio between those not exposed and those exposed was 1.13, indicating little expressiveness in prevalence difference. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to fluoridated water implied lower mean values for the DMFT and SiC indexes, even in the presence of the concomitant exposure to fluoridated toothpaste, in a scenario of low prevalence of the disease, and with a similar pattern of caries distribution in the populations analyzed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Paulo Capel Narvai
- Universidade de São Paulo. Faculdade de Saúde Pública. Departamento de Política, Gestão e Saúde. São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Cury JA, Del Fiol FS, Tenuta LMA, Rosalen PL. Low-fluoride Dentifrice and Gastrointestinal Fluoride Absorption after Meals. J Dent Res 2016; 84:1133-7. [PMID: 16304442 DOI: 10.1177/154405910508401208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A low-fluoride (F) dentifrice has been recommended to reduce the risk of dental fluorosis, but its anti-caries efficacy is questionable compared with that of conventional dentrifices (1000–1100 μg F/g). The tested hypothesis was that conventional dentifrices might be safe if used soon after meals, since food interferes with F absorption. In a crossover, double-blind study, 11 volunteers ingested a dentifrice slurry containing 0 (placebo), 550 (low F), or 1100 μg F/g in 3 gastric content situations: on fasting, or 15 min after breakfast or lunch. F was analyzed in saliva and 24-hour urine samples. The conventional dentifrice ingested after lunch resulted in only 10% higher F absorption than the low-F ingested on fasting. Analysis of the data suggests that the risk of fluorosis could be reduced by the use of either a low-F dentifrice or a conventional dentifrice, if toothbrushing occurred soon after meals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J A Cury
- Faculty of Dentistry of Piracicaba, UNICAMP, Av. Limeira 901, 13414-903, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Moura MSD, Barbosa PRR, Nunes-dos-Santos DL, Dantas-Neta NB, Moura LDFADD, Lima MDDMD. Vigilância epidemiológica da fluorose dentária em município de clima tropical com água de abastecimento público fluoretada. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2016; 21:1247-54. [DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232015214.13852015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a prevalência e a severidade de fluorose dentária em escolares de 11 a 14 anos de idade em Teresina (PI) Brasil, município de clima tropical com água de abastecimento público fluoretada. Estudo do tipo observacional transversal no qual foram avaliadas 571 crianças distribuídas nas redes pública e particular de ensino. A coleta de dados foi realizada nas unidades escolares, após recolhimento do Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido (TCLE) e questionário respondido pelos pais referentes às condições socioeconômicas e demográficas e aos hábitos de higiene bucal. O exame dentário foi realizado por um cirurgião-dentista calibrado. O índice aplicado foi o Thylstrup e Fejerskov (TF). A prevalência de fluorose foi de 77,9%, e apenas 12,5% das crianças acometidas apresentaram TF ≥ 3, grau com comprometimento estético. Os pré-molares foram os dentes mais afetados pela fluorose. Dentre os escolares com maior severidade de fluorose, 98,6% dos pertenciam à classe social mais baixa (>B2), 91,5% nasceram e sempre moraram em Teresina, 94,4% consumiam água de abastecimento fluoretada, 76% usaram dentifrício infantil e 64% as mães relataram que engoliam dentifrício. A prevalência de fluorose foi elevada, mas com baixa severidade, em indivíduos expostos à fluoretação desde o nascimento.
Collapse
|
15
|
Rigo L, Lodi L, Garbin RR. Differential diagnosis of dental fluorosis made by undergraduate dental students. EINSTEIN-SAO PAULO 2016; 13:547-54. [PMID: 26761552 PMCID: PMC4878629 DOI: 10.1590/s1679-45082015ao3472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To check knowledge of undergraduate dental students to make diagnosis of dental fluorosis with varying degrees of severity and choose its appropriate treatment. METHODS Data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire addressing knowledge of undergraduates based on ten images of mouths presenting enamel changes. RESULTS Only three images were correctly diagnosed by most undergraduates; the major difficulty was in establishing dental fluorosis severity degree. CONCLUSION Despite much information about fluorosis conveyed during the Dentistry training, as defined in the course syllabus, a significant part of the students was not able to differentiate it from other lesions; they did not demonstrate expertise as to defining severity of fluorosis and indications for treatment, and could not make the correct diagnosis of enamel surface changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Rigo
- Faculdade Meridional, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
| | - Leodinei Lodi
- Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões, Erechim, RS, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Moimaz SAS, Saliba O, Marques LB, Garbin CAS, Saliba NA. Dental fluorosis and its influence on children's life. Braz Oral Res 2015; 29:S1806-83242015000100214. [PMID: 25590503 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2015.vol29.0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study verified the prevalence of dental fluorosis in 12-year-old children and its association with different fluoride levels in the public water supply, and evaluated the level of perception of dental fluorosis by the studied children. To assess fluorosis prevalence, clinical examinations were performed and a structured instrument was used to evaluate the self-perception of fluorosis. The water supply source in the children's area of residence since birth was used as the study criterion. In total, 496 children were included in the study. Fluorosis was diagnosed in 292 (58.9%) children; from these, 220 (44.4%) children were diagnosed with very mild fluorosis, 59 (11.9%) with mild fluorosis, 12 (2.4%) with moderate fluorosis, and 1 (0.2%) child with severe fluorosis. A significant association (p = 0.0004) was observed between the presence of fluorosis and areas with excessive fluoride in the water supply. Among the 292 children that showed fluorosis, 40% perceived the presence of spots in their teeth. The prevalence of fluorosis was slightly high, and the mildest levels were the most frequently observed. Although most of the children showed fluorosis to various degrees, the majority did not perceive these spots, suggesting that this alteration did not affect their quality of life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suzely Adas Saliba Moimaz
- Department of Social and Pediatric Dentistry, Araçatuba Dental School, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Orlando Saliba
- Department of Social and Pediatric Dentistry, Araçatuba Dental School, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Lívia Bino Marques
- Department of Social and Pediatric Dentistry, Araçatuba Dental School, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Cléa Adas Saliba Garbin
- Department of Social and Pediatric Dentistry, Araçatuba Dental School, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Nemre Adas Saliba
- Department of Social and Pediatric Dentistry, Araçatuba Dental School, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Freitas CHSDM, Sampaio FC, Roncalli AG, Moysés SJ. [Methodological discussion about prevalence of the dental fluorosis on dental health surveys]. Rev Saude Publica 2014; 47 Suppl 3:138-47. [PMID: 24626590 DOI: 10.1590/s0034-8910.2013047004359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the limitations of studying dental fluorosis in cross-sectional studies. METHODS Data from the Oral Health of the Brazilian Population (SBBrasil 2003) and the Brazilian Oral Health Survey (SBBrasil 2010) were used. Epidemiological trends for fluorosis in 12-year-old Brazilians, aspects of the reliability of the data as well as the accuracy of the estimates are assessed for these two studies. The distribution of prevalence of fluorosis was carried out according to the domains of the study (state capitals and regions) and the year in which the study took place. The confidence intervals (95%CI) were also shown for simple prevalence (without taking into account level of severity). RESULTS The prevalence of dental fluorosis showed considerable variation, between 0% and 61% in 2003 and 0% and 59% in 2010. Inconsistencies were observed in the data in individual terms (for year and for domain) and in the behavior of the trend. Considering the expected prevalence and the data available in the two studies, the minimum sample size should be 1,500 individuals in order to obtain 3.4% and 6.6% confidence intervals, considering the minimum coefficient of variation to be 15%. Given the subjectivity in its classification, examinations for dental fluorosis may show more variation than those for other oral health conditions. The power to establish differences between the domains of the study with the sample of the SBBrasil 2010 is quite limited. CONCLUSIONS Based on the 2003 and 2010 studies, it was not possible to analyze patterns of dental fluorosis in Brazil; these data are merely exploratory indicators of the prevalence of dental fluorosis. It was impossible to make comparisons due to different analysis models being used in the two surveys. Investigating dental fluorosis in population-based surveys is not even an economically viable technique, using localized epidemiological studies with a sampling plan would be more suitable [corrected].
Collapse
|
18
|
Santa-Rosa TTDA, Ferreira RC, Drummond AMA, De Magalhães CS, Vargas AMD, Ferreira E Ferreira E. Impact of aesthetic restorative treatment on anterior teeth with fluorosis among residents of an endemic area in Brazil: intervention study. BMC Oral Health 2014; 14:52. [PMID: 24886223 PMCID: PMC4032389 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6831-14-52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endemic dental fluorosis has already been described in some regions of the world. The aim of this study was to evaluate the functional and psychosocial impact of direct aesthetic restorative treatments in endemic fluorosis patients in the northern state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Was a quasi-experimental intervention study. METHODS The reference population consisted of individuals between 9 and 27 years of age that were served by a project intended to recover the smiles of patients with severe fluorosis. The questionnaires were administered on two occasions, 24 months apart (before and after dental treatment). Initially, descriptive analyses were conducted. Prevalence and severity, as well as the extent of the functional and psychosocial impact of oral disorders were estimated based on the Oral Health Impact Profile instrument (OHIP-14). Comparisons between baseline and follow-up and between treatment techniques were carried out using the McNemar, Wilcoxon, and Mann-Whitney tests. RESULTS The study involved 53 individuals, with a mean age of 15.9 years, treated with microabrasion, dental composite, or a combination of both techniques. The treatments performed proved to be competent for reducing the functional and psychosocial impact of oral disorders as measured by the OHIP-14, pointing to the possibility of establishing protocols to be used in programs aimed at restoring the aesthetics and functionality of the anterior teeth in large populations. CONCLUSIONS After performing the direct aesthetic restorative treatments in patients with endemic fluorosis, a significant improvement was observed in the prevalence and severity, as well as the extent of the functional and psychosocial impact of oral disorders.
Collapse
|
19
|
Narvai PC, Antunes JLF, Frias AC, Soares MDC, Marques RADA, Teixeira DSDC, Frazão P. [Dental fluorosis in children from São Paulo, Southeastern Brazil, 1998-2010]. Rev Saude Publica 2014; 47 Suppl 3:148-53. [PMID: 24626591 DOI: 10.1590/s0034-8910.2013047004715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the trend of dental fluorosis prevalence in 12-year-old children, in the context of exposure to multiple sources of fluoride. METHODS An analysis was carried out of the trends in prevalence of dental fluorosis in the city of São Paulo, Southeastern Brazil, between 1998 and 2010. The rates of prevalence were calculated for different years (1998, 2002, 2008 and 2010) using secondary data obtained from epidemiological surveys of representative samples of 12-year-old children. Occurrence of fluorosis was assessed in natural light using the Dean index, recommended by the World Health Organization and categorized into normal, questionable, very mild, mild, moderate and severe. In 1998, 125 children were examined, 249 in 2002, 4,085 in 2008 and 231 in 2010. RESULTS In 1998 the prevalence of fluorosis was 43.8% (95%CI 35.6;52.8) in 2002 it was 33.7% (95%CI 28.2;39.8), it was 40.3% (95%CI 38.8;41.8) in 2008 and 38.1% (95%CI 32.1;44.5) in 2010.The categories very mild + mild totaled 38.4% (95%CI 30.3;47.6) in 1998, 32.1% (95%CI 26.6;38.2) in 2002, 38.0% (95%CI 36.5;39.5) in 2008 and 36.4% (95%CI 30.4;42.7) in 2010. Severe fluorosis was not observed, with statistical significance, in the analyzed period. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of dental fluorosis in children from São Paulo can be classified as stationary between 1998 and 2010, both when considering all categories, and when considering only the categories very mild + mild.
Collapse
|
20
|
Soares IMV, Silva AMRBD, Moura LDFADD, Lima MDDMD, Sousa Nétto OBD, Moura MSD. Conduct of pediatricians in relation to the oral health of children. REVISTA DE ODONTOLOGIA DA UNESP 2013. [DOI: 10.1590/s1807-25772013000400006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Pediatricians are health professionals who treat the child during the first years of their life. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the conduct adopted by pediatricians regarding the oral health of children. METHOD: This was a descriptive cross-sectional observational study with a sample of 100 physicians specialized in pediatrics, working in the public and private sectors. A questionnaire was used for data collection, and the pediatricians were approached in their workplaces. RESULT: Most pediatricians (69%) belong to the female gender, with an average age of 48 years, and work in both the public and private sectors of health and have over 20 years of professional experience. Regarding their level of knowledge on oral health, 59% consider it to be good and 59% said that they had not been approached about this issue during their training in pediatrics. Ninety-two percent routinely examine the oral cavity of the baby; 64% recommend the use of fluoridated toothpaste, and 66.7% direct patients to a dental appointment in the first year of life. Regarding breastfeeding at night, 55.6% do not make the association between breastfeeding and the onset of early childhood caries. Furthermore, 74.7% do not justify the associations between the eruption of the first primary teeth and systemic manifestations, and 93% contraindicate the use of a dummy. CONCLUSION: It was concluded that pediatricians have proactive attitudes with regards to oral health. However, they need more information on the importance of fluoride for the control of dental caries
Collapse
|
21
|
Almeida MELD, Teixeira AKM, Alencar CH, Paiva SM, Abreu MHNGD. Agreement between parents and adolescents on dental fluorosis: a population-based study. Braz Oral Res 2013; 27:91-6. [DOI: 10.1590/s1806-83242013005000004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
|
22
|
Soares FF, Valverde LDF, Silva RDCR, Cangussu MCT. Prevalência e severidade de fluorose em escolares do município de São Francisco do Conde-BA, 2010. REVISTA DE ODONTOLOGIA DA UNESP 2012. [DOI: 10.1590/s1807-25772012000500004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJETIVO: O presente estudo objetivou determinar a prevalência de fluorose em escolares do município de São Francisco do Conde, região metropolitana de Salvador-BA. METODOLOGIA: Todos os escolares do 1º ao 5º ano do Ensino Fundamental, que estudavam em escolas com mais de 150 alunos matriculados, foram selecionados, totalizando 1716 escolares. O índice de Dean foi usado para medir o grau de fluorose, conforme preconizado pela OMS. RESULTADO: Foram examinadas 1474 crianças com idade entre sete e 13 anos, sendo 54,61% do gênero masculino e 55,39% residentes na zona rural. Daqueles casos que apresentaram fluorose (39,80%), 37,02% foram classificados como muito leve, 1,97% leve e 0,81% moderada. Os escolares de dez anos de idade apresentaram maior prevalência de fluorose. Não houve diferença de prevalência entre a zona rural e a urbana. CONCLUSÃO: Em função da baixa prevalência encontrada, a fluorose não constitui um problema de saúde pública no município, mas sim uma questão de vigilância sanitária e epidemiológica.
Collapse
|
23
|
Carvalho RBD, Medeiros UVD, Santos KTD, Pacheco Filho AC. Influência de diferentes concentrações de flúor na água em indicadores epidemiológicos de saúde/doença bucal. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2011; 16:3509-18. [DOI: 10.1590/s1413-81232011000900019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2008] [Accepted: 04/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o acesso a fontes de fluoreto e as condições de saúde bucal de 237 escolares de nove a dezesseis anos, de três localidades com diferentes concentrações de fluoreto na água. O teor de flúor na água de cada região foi analisado pela técnica do eletrodo seletivo para o íon flúor e a foi avaliada prevalência de cárie e fluorose, respectivamente, pelo índice CPOD e TSIF, apresentando diferença estatisticamente significante (ANOVA; p < 0,05) nas três localidades: área sem fluoretação artificial (CPOD 5,32 ± 3,49) e 16% de fluorose; área com fluoretação artificial de 0,8 ppmF (CPOD 1,88 ± 2,22) e 94% de fluorose; área com fluoretação natural de 2,54 ppmF (CPOD 3,96 ± 2,38) e 100% de fluorose. Os achados sugerem que os indicadores epidemiológicos de saúde/doença bucal estudados são influenciados pela presença de fluoreto na água de consumo e que a supervisão e a orientação são fundamentais na correta utilização dos compostos fluoretados, aproveitando-se o máximo benefício no controle da cárie dentária com o mínimo risco de ocorrência de fluorose.
Collapse
|
24
|
Rigo L, Caldas Junior ADF, Souza EAD, Abegg C, Lodi L. [Study on the dental fluorosis in a Southern city of Brazil]. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2010; 15 Suppl 1:1439-48. [PMID: 20640305 DOI: 10.1590/s1413-81232010000700055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2007] [Accepted: 09/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this article is to determine the frequency and severity of dental fluorosis, as well as to verify possible associations with dental caries, gender, age, ethnicity and geographic location of schools in schoolchildren of 12 years old and from 15 to 19 years in the city of Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. A total of 633 schoolchildren of both genders at the cited ages, enrolled in 26 public schools of fundamental teaching were involved in the epidemiological study. The inspection was performed by three examiners previously trained to apply Dean's Index. The prevalence of dental fluorosis in the studied group was of 32.8%. Predominant degree was the very light (78.4%), followed by light (11.1%), questionable (8.7%) and moderate (1.9%). The prevalence of dental fluorosis was expressive in this population, however, with a low degree of severity. Factors such as age and dental caries index showed to be related to the variable response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Rigo
- Universidade de Pernambuco, Camaragibe, PE, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Ramires I, Pessan JP, Levy FM, Rodrigues MHC, de Almeida BS, Kato MT, Peres SHDCS, Buzalaf MAR. Prevalence of dental fluorosis in Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil. J Appl Oral Sci 2010; 15:140-3. [PMID: 19089118 PMCID: PMC4327246 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-77572007000200013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2006] [Accepted: 03/15/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the prevalence of dental fluorosis in scholars aging 12 to 15 years old, residents in the city of Bauru, State of São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS 1318 volunteers were enrolled in this study and examined in 18 public schools of the State of São Paulo. The examinations were performed in the schools' court by three dentists (with a Master's degree in Public Health), after toothbrushing supervised by another dentist. The teeth were dried with cotton pellets and examined under natural light by visual inspection, using an explorer as recommended by the WHO, a plane mirror and a tongue depressor. The Thylstrup-Fejerskov (TF) index was used for rating fluorosis. Intra and inter-examiner reproducibility was calculated and data were submitted to descriptive analysis. RESULTS Approximately 36% of the children presented dental fluorosis, of which 28% was diagnosed as TF1 while the remaining received scores between TF2 and TF4. CONCLUSION The prevalence of dental fluorosis in Bauru is within the expected range, based on previous studies. Although fluoride is an important resource for caries control, its use must be adequate to the needs of each specific population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Ramires
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Carvalho RWFD, Valois RBV, Santos CNA, Marcellini PS, Bonjardim LR, Oliveira CCDC, Barretto SR, Gonçalves SRJ. Estudo da prevalência de fluorose dentária em Aracaju. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2010; 15 Suppl 1:1875-80. [DOI: 10.1590/s1413-81232010000700101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2007] [Accepted: 01/14/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Com o objetivo de determinar a prevalência de fluorose dentária em Aracaju (SE), 196 escolares foram submetidos a exame clínico bucal, utilizando o índice de Dean. Pôde ser concluído que a prevalência de fluorose dentária em escolares de cinco a quinze anos do município de Aracaju (SE) foi de 8,16%, não implicando risco à saúde pública. Porém, estudos semelhantes devem ser realizados com periodicidade regular, além de orientação aos órgãos responsáveis pela fluoretação da água, para que os níveis considerados ótimos para essa região sejam respeitados, prevenindo assim o surgimento de tal ocorrência.
Collapse
|
27
|
Castilho LSD, Ferreira EFE, Velásquez LNM, Fantinel LM, Perini E. Beliefs and attitudes about endemic dental fluorosis among adolescents in rural Brazil. Rev Saude Publica 2010; 44:261-266. [PMID: 20358136 DOI: 10.1590/s0034-89102010000200005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2008] [Accepted: 09/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To understand beliefs and attitudes about fluorosis among young people living in a rural area. METHODOLOGICAL PROCEDURES: Qualitative study consisting of semi-structured interviews with 23 adolescents with dental fluorosis, 14 teachers and three health authorities in the city of São Francisco, Southeastern Brazil, in 2002. Content analysis and social representation theory were applied. ANALYSIS OF RESULTS: The organoleptic characteristics of carbonates that affect groundwater (salty flavor, whitish coloration, and turbidity) associated with negative aspects of household use of this water are considered a cause of mottled enamel. Even after contact with researchers who investigated this phenomenon and helped find a solution for this condition, the local population is still unwilling to accept fluoride as the cause of the problem and does not fully agree to use water from other sources because they are afraid of the quality of water. CONCLUSIONS: Misperceptions of the causes of dental fluorosis and water treatment costs compromise the implementation of uncontaminated surface water supplies. Health education strategies are required in parallel with solutions for securing water supply in drought-ravaged areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lia Silva de Castilho
- Departamento de Odontologia Restauradora, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Accuracy of the simplified Thylstrup & Fejerskov index in rural communities with endemic fluorosis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2010; 7:927-37. [PMID: 20617010 PMCID: PMC2872308 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph7030927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2009] [Revised: 01/29/2010] [Accepted: 02/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to compare the values of the Thylstrup & Fejerskov Index (TF index) for the determination of the prevalence of dental fluorosis using either all teeth (gold standard) or six upper anterior teeth (simplified TF index). The sample was made up of 396 individuals aged six to 22 years from three Brazilian cities with endemic fluorosis caused by the ingestion of water with high fluoride concentration. The prevalence of dental fluorosis was evaluated by a single trained examiner with excellent intraexaminer agreement (kappa = 0.95). Intraexaminer reproducibilities were calculated at tooth level. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of the simplified TF compared to gold standard were 90.6 (95%CI: 86.6 to 93.6), 100 (95%CI: 95.3 to 100), 100 (95%CI: 98.3 to 100) and 77.5 (95%CI: 69.8 to 83.5), respectively. The ROC value was 0.953 (95%CI: 0.933 to 0.973). The simplified TF index proved suitable for determining the prevalence of dental fluorosis in regions with endemic fluorosis caused by the ingestion of water with high concentrations of fluoride.
Collapse
|
29
|
Baldani MH, Araújo PFF, Wambier DS, Strosky ML, Lopes CMDL. Percepção estética de fluorose dentária entre jovens universitários. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE EPIDEMIOLOGIA 2008. [DOI: 10.1590/s1415-790x2008000400008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJETIVO: Identificar os níveis de aprovação da fluorose dentária entre adultos leigos e cirurgiões-dentistas, comparando os padrões de aceitação da aparência de dentes afetados por acadêmicos da área de Ciências Exatas, representando a população leiga, com os de formandos do curso de Odontologia, representando os profissionais. MÉTODO: Participaram 180 alunos dos cursos de Odontologia e da área das Ciências Exatas, os quais responderam a questionário acerca de fotografias de arcadas dentárias com fluorose nos níveis muito leve, leve e moderada de Dean, e moderada após aplicação da técnica de micro-abrasão do esmalte. Perguntou-se sobre aparência geral da boca; coloração, forma e posição dos dentes; aspecto da gengiva e possibilidade de sorrir sem constrangimento. A análise dos dados foi realizada utilizando-se o teste qui-quadrado e regressão logística com intervalos de confiança em nível de 95%. RESULTADOS: Houve maior percentual de aprovação quanto à aparência da boca e coloração dos dentes para o caso de fluorose muito leve. Para todos os casos os alunos dos cursos de Exatas mostraram-se mais exigentes do que os acadêmicos de Odontologia. Verificou-se associação significativa entre percepção de aparência da boca e coloração dos dentes. A análise multivariada revelou que, para o caso de fluorose muito leve, a coloração dos dentes foi incluída no modelo explicativo de percepção da aparência da boca apenas para o grupo dos formandos. CONCLUSÕES: Todos os níveis de fluorose foram percebidos pelos grupos estudados, porém os casos de fluorose muito leve parecem não comprometer a percepção positiva da aparência da boca para os grupos que representam indivíduos leigos.
Collapse
|
30
|
Carvalho TS, Kehrle HM, Sampaio FC. Prevalence and severity of dental fluorosis among students from João Pessoa, PB, Brazil. Braz Oral Res 2007; 21:198-203. [PMID: 17710283 DOI: 10.1590/s1806-83242007000300002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2006] [Accepted: 04/13/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and severity of dental fluorosis among 12-15-year-old students from João Pessoa, PB, Brazil before starting a program of artificial fluoridation of drinking water. The use of fluoridated dentifrice was also surveyed. A sample of 1,402 students was randomly selected. However, 31 students refused to participate and 257 were not permanent residents in João Pessoa, thus leaving a final sample of 1,114 students. Clinical exams were carried out by two calibrated dentists (Kappa = 0.78) under natural indirect light. Upper and lower front teeth were cleaned with gauze and dried, and then examined using the TF index for fluorosis. A questionnaire on dentifrice ingestion and oral hygiene habits was applied to the students. The results revealed that fluorosis prevalence in this age group was higher than expected (29.2%). Most fluorosis cases were TF = 1 (66.8%), and the most severe cases were TF = 4 (2.2%). The majority of the students reported that they had been using fluoridated dentifrices since childhood; 95% of the participants preferred brands with a 1,500 ppm F concentration, and 40% remembered that they usually ingested or still ingest dentifrice during brushing. It was concluded that dental fluorosis prevalence among students in João Pessoa is higher than expected for an area with non-fluoridated water. However, although most students use fluoridated dentifrices, and almost half ingest slurry while brushing, the majority of cases had little aesthetic relevance from the professionals' point of view, thus suggesting that fluorosis is not a public health problem in the locality.
Collapse
|
31
|
Casarin RCV, Fernandes DRM, Lima-Arsati YBO, Cury JA. Concentração de fluoreto em arroz, feijão e alimentos infantis industrializados. Rev Saude Publica 2007; 41:549-56. [PMID: 17589752 DOI: 10.1590/s0034-89102006005000034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2006] [Accepted: 04/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJETIVO: Determinar a concentração de fluoreto na refeição brasileira típica (arroz e feijão) e em alimentos infantis industrializados e estimar suas contribuições para fluorose dental. MÉTODOS: Os alimentos foram adquiridos de supermercados das cidades de Piracicaba e Campinas, SP, Brasil. Os alimentos infantis industrializados foram comprados em 2001 e o arroz e feijão em 2003, e imediatamente analisados. Foram analisadas três marcas de arroz, três de feijão e 36 amostras de alimentos infantis divididos em cinco grupos: prontos para o consumo; mingaus; alimentos formulados; leites em pó e outros alimentos. No arroz e feijão, foram determinadas as concentrações de fluoreto nas sementes "in natura" e após cozimento com água destilada ou fluoretada (0,7 ppm). Todas as análises de fluoreto foram feitas com eletrodo específico. Considerou-se 0,07 mg/kg/dia como a dose limite de exposição a fluoreto para risco de fluorose. RESULTADOS: A concentração de fluoreto encontrada nos grãos de arroz e feijão foi baixa. Porém, a concentração aumentou 100-200 vezes após cozimento em água fluoretada e mesmo assim, foi menor que a encontrada em alguns alimentos industrializados. Uma refeição com arroz e feijão preparada com água fluoretada seria responsável por 29% da dose limite de ingestão de fluoreto em termos de fluorose aceitável; a contribuição de alguns alimentos industrializados atingiria 45%. CONCLUSÕES: A alimentação típica brasileira, mesmo preparada com água fluoretada, é mais segura em termos de risco de fluorose dental que alguns alimentos infantis industrializados.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renato C V Casarin
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brasil
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
de Almeida BS, da Silva Cardoso VE, Buzalaf MAR. Fluoride ingestion from toothpaste and diet in 1- to 3-year-old Brazilian children. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2007; 35:53-63. [PMID: 17244138 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0528.2007.00328.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study estimated the total daily fluoride intake of 1- to 3-year-old children from diet and dentifrice. The constituents of the diet were divided into solids, water, milk, and other beverages, which were analyzed separately. The correlation between fingernail fluoride concentrations and the total daily fluoride intake by children was also investigated. METHODS Thirty-three children, living in a fluoridated area, participated in the study. Fluoride intake from diet was monitored by the 'duplicate plate' method, investigating the different constituents of the diet. Fluoride ingested from dentifrice was determined by subtracting the amount of fluoride recovered after brushing from the amount originally placed onto the child's toothbrush. Fingernails were clipped and collected on three occasions. Fluoride was analyzed with the ion-specific electrode, after hexamethyldisiloxane-facilitated diffusion. Data were tested by anova and Tukey's post hoc tests, Student's t-tests and linear regression (P < 0.05). RESULTS Mean (+/-SD) fluoride intake from diet and dentifrice was 0.025 +/- 0.013 and 0.106 +/- 0.085 mg/kg body weight/day, respectively, totaling 0.130 mg/kg body weight/day. A strong positive correlation (r = 0.971, P < 0.0001) was seen between the amount of dentifrice loaded onto the brush (0.49 +/- 0.30 g) and the amount of fluoride ingested during each tooth brushing (0.59 +/- 0.45 mg). Among the constituents of the diet, water and milk had a significantly higher contribution to the fluoride intake (0.18 +/- 0.11 mg/day, P < 0.0001), when compared with solids (0.07 +/- 0.05 mg/day) and other beverages (0.07 +/- 0.04 mg/day). Mean (+/-SD) fingernail fluoride concentration on the three dates of collection was 3.11 +/- 1.14, 2.22 +/- 1.47 and 3.53 +/- 1.40 mug F/g. There was no significant correlation between fingernail fluoride concentration and the total fluoride intake. CONCLUSIONS Most of the children are exposed to a daily fluoride intake above the suggested threshold for dental fluorosis. The dentifrice alone is responsible for an average of 81.5% of the daily fluoride intake, while among the constituents of the diet, water and milk are the most important contributors. In addition, small variations in daily fluoride intake cannot be detected in fingernails.
Collapse
|
33
|
da Cunha LF, Tomita NE. Dental fluorosis in Brazil: a systematic review from 1993 to 2004. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2006; 22:1809-16. [PMID: 16917577 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-311x2006000900011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2005] [Accepted: 12/02/2005] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The current article proposes a reflection on several aspect pertaining to dental fluorosis in Brazil, based on a systematic review of epidemiological surveys. The authors assess the prevalence and degrees of severity found in different studies and show that in methodological terms, there is a need for progress in procedures for population-based studies on fluorosis. Despite the different data collection approaches, there is some consensus among the different studies as to the limited severity of fluorosis in Brazil, as well as its association with the independent variables age and socioeconomic status. The authors also highlight the importance of adding subjective aspects to the normative diagnosis as a contribution to public health policy decisions, since the use of exclusively clinical criteria gives dental fluorosis more space than society ascribes to it. There is a lack of empirical evidence to reassess the fluoride content in public water supplies, a method that is known to be necessary to improve dental caries epidemiological indicators.
Collapse
|
34
|
Ramires I, Olympio KPK, Maria AG, Pessan JP, Cardoso VES, Lodi CS, Buzalaf MAR. Fluoridation of the public water supply and prevalence of dental fluorosis in a peripheral district of the municipality of Bauru, SP. J Appl Oral Sci 2006; 14:136-41. [PMID: 19089045 PMCID: PMC4327456 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-77572006000200013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2005] [Revised: 01/31/2006] [Accepted: 03/21/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study were to assess the fluoride concentration in the public water supply and the prevalence of dental fluorosis in schoolchildren between 7 and 15 years old, living in a peripheral district of the municipality of Bauru. MATERIAL AND METHODS For this, fifty two water samples were collected on three different days of one week. These samples were analyzed for fluoride by means of the ion-sensitive electrode method (Orion 9609) coupled to a potentiometer (Procyon, model 720). In this method, 1.0 mL of TISAB II (Orion) was added to 1.0 mL of the sample. For the epidemiological survey of fluorosis, 52 schoolchildren of both genders, aged between 7 and 15 were assessed, with prior authorization from their caretakers. Only one person examined the children, after supervised toothbrushing and drying with cotton wool rolls. The TF index was used. RESULTS The fluoride concentrations in the water samples ranged from 0.62 to 1.20 mg/L, with a mean of 0.9 mg/L. The prevalence of dental fluorosis was 33%, with severity ranging from TF1 to TF4 (Kappa of 0.73 and concordance of 83.33%). CONCLUSIONS The results from the analysis of water samples indicated a fluoride concentration greater than recommended for Bauru. The fluorosis levels found were higher than expected for a peripheral district, in which water is one of the few sources of fluoride.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Ramires
- DDS, MSc, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Juliano Pelim Pessan
- DDS, MSc, PhD student, Araçatuba Dental School, São Paulo State University, Brazil
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Barros SFB, Matos DL. Prevalência de fluorose dentária em escolares de 12 anos de idade, Ouro Preto/MG - 2003. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE EPIDEMIOLOGIA 2005. [DOI: 10.1590/s1415-790x2005000400011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJETIVO: verificar a prevalência da fluorose dentária em escolares de 12 anos de idade em Ouro Preto. METODOLOGIA: estudo seccional incluindo 248 crianças selecionadas aleatoriamente em 11 escolas do município. A amostra foi calculada de acordo com a metodologia descrita no Projeto SB2000. Os exames foram realizados por cirurgião-dentista treinado e calibrado. Os índices utilizados para medir a fluorose foram: índice de Dean e índice comunitário de fluorose. RESULTADOS: De 248 crianças selecionadas, 159 (64,1%) participaram deste estudo. A prevalência de fluorose (índice de Dean) encontrada foi de 11,4%, sendo composta pela condição muito leve (10,1%) e leve (1,3%). A condição moderada e severa de fluorose não foi encontrada. Os dentes mais acometidos por fluorose foram os pré-molares, molares, incisivos e caninos. Não houve diferença entre os sexos quanto ao grau de fluorose, e o índice comunitário de fluorose foi de 0,29. CONCLUSÃO: a fluorose em crianças de 12 anos não é um problema de saúde pública em Ouro Preto, dado que a prevalência não é alta e quase todos os casos encontrados são muito leves.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Divane Leite Matos
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Secretaria Estadual de Saúde de Minas Gerais
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Toassi RFC, Abegg C. [Dental fluorosis in schoolchildren in a county in the mountainous region of Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil]. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2005; 21:652-5. [PMID: 15905927 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-311x2005000200035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence and severity of dental fluorosis in all schoolchildren (ages 4 to 18 years, n = 259) from the town of Santa Tereza, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, and to investigate associated factors. Data were obtained through a questionnaire and by means of clinical tests. Dean's index was used to determine fluorosis occurrence. Prevalence of fluorosis was 63.7%. The predominant category was very mild (43.6%), followed by mild (12.0%), moderate (7.7%), borderline (7.3%), and severe (0.4%). Approximately 85.0% of the schoolchildren currently have, or have had, access to other topical sources of fluoride. Significant associations were found between place of residence and previous or ongoing fluoride mouth rinsing and prevalence and severity of fluorosis (p < 0.05). There was also a significant association between dental fluorosis and parents' level of schooling, frequency of brushing teeth, fluoride rinsing, and use of fluoride gel (p < 0.05).
Collapse
|
37
|
Gonini CDAJ, Morita MC. Dental fluorosis in children attending basic health units. J Appl Oral Sci 2004; 12:189-94. [DOI: 10.1590/s1678-77572004000300005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2003] [Accepted: 04/26/2004] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and severity of dental fluorosis among patients attending basic health units in Londrina. METHODS: Five basic health units of the urban area were randomly selected and 434 children attending these units, born between 1986 and 1989 (9 to 12 years of age), were examined. Diagnosis of dental fluorosis was performed by means of the Thylstrup and Fejerskov (TF) Index. Oral examinations were carried out by 5 previously trained dentists with the patients lying in the dental chair, under artificial light, preceded by prophylaxis, isolation with cotton rolls and air-drying of the teeth. Ten percent of the sample was reexamined and an almost perfect agreement on diagnostic criteria was obtained either on the intra-examiner or inter-examiner evaluation (K=1.00, p<0.0001). RESULTS: The observed prevalence of dental fluorosis was 91.0%, and 87.8% of the individuals were classified as TF grade 2 or less. CONCLUSIONS: Despite of the low severity, the high prevalence observed shows the need for regular screening of dental fluorosis in Londrina; establishment of procedures to prevent the overutilization of fluoride both by the professionals and the population; sanitary surveillance of fluoride levels in water supply and also in all sources of fluoride available; besides the need for further studies to understand the factors associated to dental fluorosis among children living in Londrina.
Collapse
|
38
|
Frazão P, Peverari AC, Forni TIB, Mota AG, Costa LRD. Fluorose dentária: comparação de dois estudos de prevalência. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2004; 20:1050-8. [PMID: 15300298 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-311x2004000400020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorose dentária é uma opacidade do esmalte provocada pela ingestão de quantidades excessivas de flúor (exposição crônica) durante o período de formação dos dentes. A estimação desse problema em população exposta a fontes de flúor é necessária e deve ser feita periodicamente para monitorar os níveis e os padrões da alteração. A proposta desta pesquisa foi descrever e comparar dois estudos de prevalência para estimar a ocorrência de fluorose dentária na população do Município de Ribeirão Pires, Estado de São Paulo, Brasil, realizados em 1997 e 2000. Os métodos empregados em cada estudo foram brevemente apresentados. Os resultados foram comparados. Aspectos metodológicos e as implicações para Saúde Coletiva foram discutidos.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Frazão
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Católica de Santos, Santos, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|