1
|
Coutinho TL, Marson FAL, Rangel O, Giorgio S, Silva KC, Levy CE. Monitoring Leishmania infantum Infections in Female Lutzomyia longipalpis by Using DNA Extraction on Cation Exchange Paper and PCR Pool Testing. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12112653. [PMID: 36359496 PMCID: PMC9689157 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12112653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis remains a serious public health issue, and Brazil was among the seven countries with the highest prevalence of this disease worldwide. The measures to control this disease are not easily developed, and the improvement of its diagnosis, surveillance, and control is still needed. This study aimed to carry out the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) diagnosis of Leishmania infantum in vector samples in some municipalities of the State of São Paulo, which included two municipalities with human disease transmission and two with dog transmission only. Vectors were collected in traps with luminous bait. Next, they were killed at -4 °C and kept in 70% alcohol. Groups of ten female insects (pools) were mashed on cation exchange paper (fine cellulose phosphate with 18 µEq/cm² ionic exchange capacity) for DNA extraction. The PCR was carried out to identify the natural infection of the Leishmania genus in female Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lu. Longipalpis). Out of the 3,880 Lu. longipalpis phlebotomines, 1060 were female and 2820 were male (3:1). The method used to extract the DNA in pools of ten phlebotomines and the PCR resulted in sensitivity, specificity, practicality, and faster analyses when compared to the individual analysis method. The procedure described can be used on a large scale in the leishmaniasis epidemiological surveillance, enabling a higher number of analyses and the optimization of human resources because the traditional diagnostic method is carried out via desiccation of the insect digestive system and microscopic examination, which is time-demanding and there is the need of manual skills.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Leonetti Coutinho
- Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-887, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando Augusto Lima Marson
- Post Graduate Program in Health Science, Laboratory of Medical and Human Genetics, São Francisco University, Bragança Paulista 12916-900, São Paulo, Brazil
- Correspondence: or (F.A.L.M.); (C.E.L.); Tel.: +55-19-997692712 (F.A.L.M.)
| | - Osias Rangel
- Pasteur Institute, São Paulo 01311-000, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Selma Giorgio
- Biology Institute, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-970, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kamila Cristina Silva
- Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-887, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos Emilio Levy
- Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-887, São Paulo, Brazil
- Correspondence: or (F.A.L.M.); (C.E.L.); Tel.: +55-19-997692712 (F.A.L.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sánchez Uzcátegui YDV, dos Santos EJM, Matos ER, Silveira FT, Vasconcelos dos Santos T, Póvoa MM. Artificial blood-feeding of phlebotomines (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae): is it time to repurpose biological membranes in light of ethical concerns? Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:399. [PMID: 36316748 PMCID: PMC9624050 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05511-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aims of the present study were to evaluate and compare the efficacy of blood-feeding in phlebotomines through industrially processed membranes from the small intestine of pigs (used for the production of commercial sausages) and the skin of euthanized chicks. METHODS Laboratory-bred Lutzomyia longipalpis and different field-caught phlebotomine species were subjected to the artificial feeding systems under similar conditions. Paired tests were performed using the control (skin from euthanized chicks) and test membranes (pig small intestine). The feeding rates were compared by paired t-test, and Pearson correlation was used to examine the relationship between the thickness of the membranes and feeding rate. RESULTS The feeding rate was greater with the test membrane than with the control membrane for L. longipalpis (t-test, t = -3.3860, P = 0.0054) but not for the most frequent field-caught species, Nyssomyia antunesi (t-test, t = 0.7746, P = 0.4535). The average thicknesses of the control and test membranes were 184 ± 83 µm and 34 ± 12 µm, respectively (Mann-Whitney U-test, U = 0.00, Z = 2.8823, P = 0.0039); however, there was no correlation between feeding rate and membrane thickness. A moderate positive correlation was observed between the number of phlebotomines that fed and the total number of phlebotomines in the cage for each type of membrane and for each species. CONCLUSIONS The test membrane is a viable alternative for the artificial blood-feeding of phlebotomines, and is thus a potential substitute for the skin of animals that are euthanized for this purpose. Feeding rate was independent of membrane thickness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yetsenia del Valle Sánchez Uzcátegui
- grid.271300.70000 0001 2171 5249Programa de Pós Graduação em Biologia de Agentes Infecciosos e Parasitários, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil ,grid.419134.a0000 0004 0620 4442Seção de Parasitologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Ananindeua, Brazil ,grid.267525.10000 0004 1937 0853Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela
| | - Eduardo José Melo dos Santos
- grid.271300.70000 0001 2171 5249Genetics of Complex Diseases Laboratory, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Edilson Rodrigues Matos
- grid.440587.a0000 0001 2186 5976Laboratório de Pesquisa Carlos Azevedo, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Belém, Brazil
| | - Fernando Tobias Silveira
- grid.419134.a0000 0004 0620 4442Seção de Parasitologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Ananindeua, Brazil
| | - Thiago Vasconcelos dos Santos
- grid.271300.70000 0001 2171 5249Programa de Pós Graduação em Biologia de Agentes Infecciosos e Parasitários, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil ,grid.419134.a0000 0004 0620 4442Seção de Parasitologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Ananindeua, Brazil
| | - Marinete Marins Póvoa
- grid.271300.70000 0001 2171 5249Programa de Pós Graduação em Biologia de Agentes Infecciosos e Parasitários, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil ,grid.419134.a0000 0004 0620 4442Seção de Parasitologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Ananindeua, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Senne NA, Santos HA, Araújo TR, Paulino PG, Mendonça LP, Moreira HVS, Camilo TA, da Costa Angelo I. Robust comparative performance of genomic DNA extraction methods from non-engorged phlebotomine sandflies. MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 36:203-211. [PMID: 35229900 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The present study is a comparative analysis of DNeasy Blood & Tissue Qiagen® kit (Qiagen®, Hilden, Alemanha), salting out, HotShot and phenol-chloroform protocols to extract DNA from sandflies. In addition, a comparative test using sandflies with and without eyes evaluated the potential inhibitory effect in the cPCR. An inhibition test was performed using an exogenous DNA added to the qPCR. The genomic DNA quality of each sample was evaluated by cPCR based on the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (cox1) gene. The DNA extraction protocols showed the following percentage of amplification: HotShot (91.6% [55/60]), salting out (71.6% [43/60]), phenol-chloroform (95% [57/60]) and kit DNeasy Blood & Tissue Qiagen® (73.3% [44/60]). The phenol-chloroform method achieved a significantly higher frequency of cox1 gene amplification. The pigment present in the phlebotomine's eyes seems to inhibit cPCR reactions since the frequency of amplification of the cox1 gene increased in the sandflies without eyes (p < 0.0001). The HotShot method showed the highest inhibitory potential. These manual extraction techniques can be an inexpensive and effective alternative to study vector-pathogen interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathália Alves Senne
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Huarrisson Azevedo Santos
- Departamento de Epidemiologia e Saúde Pública, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thamires Rezende Araújo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Gonzaga Paulino
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leo Paulis Mendonça
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Haika Victória Sales Moreira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tays Araújo Camilo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Isabele da Costa Angelo
- Departamento de Epidemiologia e Saúde Pública, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Brilhante AF, Lima L, de Ávila MM, Medeiros-Sousa AR, de Souza JF, dos Santos NP, de Paula MB, Godoy RE, Sábio PB, Cardoso CDO, Nunes VLB, Teixeira MMG, Galati EAB. Remarkable diversity, new records and Leishmania detection in the sand fly fauna of an area of high endemicity for cutaneous leishmaniasis in Acre state, Brazilian Amazonian Forest. Acta Trop 2021; 223:106103. [PMID: 34416187 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.106103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The species richness of Amazonian phlebotomines is considered to be one of the highest in the world. In the present study, we investigated the richness and diversity of phlebotomine fauna in Xapuri city, Acre state, Western Brazilian Amazonia, which is an area that is highly endemic for cutaneous leishmaniasis. Sand fly collections were performed monthly from August 2013 to July 2015 (288 h total of sampling effort) in intradomiciliary, peridomiciliary, and forested environments of two localities. Collected females were dissected, microscopically examined for flagellates in their guts, and preserved in ethanol. A total of 21,197 specimens comprising 14 genera and 57 species were collected, and the majority of these were Nyssomyia, Psychodopygus, and Trichophoromyia genera. Three new records of phlebotomine species for Acre are presented here, including Brumptomyia brumpti, Psathyromyia pradobarrientosi, and for the first time in Brazil, Th. omagua. In Xapuri, the phlebotomine fauna of different ecotopes was varied in regard to abundance, diversity, and frequency, and they included proven and permissive vectors of Leishmania spp. The fauna discovered in the forested areas (57 species) was richer and more diverse than was that (33 species) identified in the peri‑ and intra-domiciles. The identification of Leishmania subgenera that were present in sand fly guts according to SSU rRNA sequences revealed ten and three species harboring Leishmania of subgenera Viannia and Leishmania (most likely Leishmania amazonensis), respectively. The presence of Leishmania (Leishmania) in sand flies are reported here for the first time in Acre. The presence of L. (Viannia) spp. in Brumptomyia sp. and Lutzomyia sherlocki. and the occurrence of mixed infections with Leishmania of both subgenera in Ps. lainsoni have been reported for the first time in Brazil. Taken together, data from previous studies and from the present study highlight the remarkable complexity of phlebotomine fauna that is possibly due to the well-preserved Xapuri forested areas sustaining vital economic activities of plant extraction and ecological tourism. Our findings also provide new insights into the ongoing adaptation of Trichophoromyia and Psychodopygus species to human habitats.
Collapse
|
5
|
Almazán MC, Copa GN, Gil JF, López Quiroga I, Díaz Fernández ME, Uncos A, Hoyos CL, Nasser JR, Barroso PA, Marco JD. Parasitological and molecular search for Leishmania natural infection in phlebotomine sand flies in peri-urban and rural sites of an Argentinean area endemic for tegumentary leishmaniasis. Acta Trop 2021; 222:106064. [PMID: 34302769 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.106064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Leishmaniases are neglected tropical diseases caused by Leishmania spp. parasites transmitted by the bite of phlebotomine sand flies. In Argentina, the most endemic area of American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL) has been Orán department, Province of Salta, where Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis prevails and Nyssomyia neivai is considered as its vector, although there is no accurate and sufficient information in this regard. The aim of this work was to search for natural infection by Leishmania spp. in sand flies from peri-urban and rural sites with ATL background in Orán department. For this, sand flies were caught at five sites; female sand flies captured with Shannon trap were dissected to microscopically examine their gut contents, while females captured with CDC traps were molecularly analyzed by duplex PCR with two primer pairs to simultaneously amplify kinetoplast DNA (kDNA) and mammalian actin. A total of 1921 females were captured, with Ny. neivai being the most abundant species (89%), followed by Migonemyia migonei (6%) and cortelezzii complex (3%). No natural infection was found in any of them neither by dissection nor by PCR, although the detection limit of kDNA PCR was up to 25 promastigotes. The absence of infected females in peri-urban sites suggest that the transmission did not take place in those environments during the study period. Future searches for natural infection should focus on rural settings to deepen knowledge and elucidate the role of the circulating sand fly species as all have been linked to ATL transmission at other sites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Cristina Almazán
- Instituto de Investigaciones de Enfermedades Tropicales, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Orán, Argentina; Cátedra de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina.
| | - Griselda Noemí Copa
- Instituto de Investigaciones de Enfermedades Tropicales, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Orán, Argentina; Cátedra de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - José Fernando Gil
- Instituto de Investigaciones de Enfermedades Tropicales, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Orán, Argentina; Cátedra de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Argentina; Instituto de Investigaciones en Energía No Convencional, CONICET, Salta, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Inés López Quiroga
- Cátedra de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Argentina
| | | | - Alejandro Uncos
- Instituto de Patología Experimental, CONICET, Salta, Argentina
| | - Carlos Lorenzo Hoyos
- Instituto de Investigaciones de Enfermedades Tropicales, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Orán, Argentina; Instituto de Patología Experimental, CONICET, Salta, Argentina
| | - Julio Rubén Nasser
- Cátedra de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Argentina
| | - Paola Andrea Barroso
- Instituto de Investigaciones de Enfermedades Tropicales, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Orán, Argentina; Instituto de Patología Experimental, CONICET, Salta, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina.
| | - Jorge Diego Marco
- Instituto de Investigaciones de Enfermedades Tropicales, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Orán, Argentina; Instituto de Patología Experimental, CONICET, Salta, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Galvis-Ovallos F, Ueta AE, Marques GDO, Sarmento AMC, Araujo G, Sandoval C, Tomokane TY, da Matta VLR, Laurenti MD, Galati EAB. Detection of Pintomyia fischeri (Diptera: Psychodidae) With Leishmania infantum (Trypanosomatida: Trypanosomatidae) Promastigotes in a Focus of Visceral Leishmaniasis in Brazil. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 58:830-836. [PMID: 33047129 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjaa199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis is spreading in Brazil where the main vector of its agent, Leishmania infantum Nicolle, 1908, is the Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz & Neiva, 1912) species complex (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae), on which many of the activities of the visceral leishmaniasis surveillance program are based. However, there are areas where canine, and/or human cases have been occurring without the presence of this species complex as in the western part of the Greater São Paulo Metropolitan region, where Embu das Artes municipality is situated. In this area, Pintomyia fischeri (Pinto, 1926) has been implicated as potential vector of Le. infantum but so far its natural infection with this parasite has not yet been ascertained. Therefore, the present study sought to investigate the natural infection in sand flies of a CVL focus in Embu das Artes. The sand fly collections were undertaken with Shannon and CDC traps, monthly, between 1800 and 2100 hours from November 2018 to October 2019, inclusive. A total of 951 sand flies (457 males and 494 females), belonging to 10 species, were captured. Pintomyia fischeri was the predominant species (89.5%); of which 426 females were dissected and one of them (0.23%) was found to be harboring flagellates in its midgut. A sample of these flagellates was isolated in culture and characterized by a 234 base pair fragment of Leishmania heat-shock protein 70 gene (hsp70) and restriction fragment length polymorphism with Hae III restriction enzyme as Le. infantum. This finding reinforces previous evidence of Pi. fischeri as a vector of Le. infantum in foci of visceral leishmaniasis and highlights the importance of vector surveillance in areas where this species occurs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fredy Galvis-Ovallos
- Departamento de Epidemiologia, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, CEP, Cerqueira Cesar, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriele Eiko Ueta
- Departamento de Epidemiologia, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, CEP, Cerqueira Cesar, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriella de Oliveira Marques
- Departamento de Epidemiologia, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, CEP, Cerqueira Cesar, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Casagrande Sarmento
- Centro de Controle de Zoonoses, Av. Ecologista de João de Oliveira Ramos de Sá 336, CEP, Chácaras Bartira, Embu das Artes, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Araujo
- Laboratório de Patologia de Moléstias Infecciosas, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, CEP, Cerqueira Cesar, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carmen Sandoval
- Laboratório de Patologia de Moléstias Infecciosas, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, CEP, Cerqueira Cesar, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thaíse Yumie Tomokane
- Laboratório de Patologia de Moléstias Infecciosas, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, CEP, Cerqueira Cesar, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vânia Lúcia Ribeiro da Matta
- Laboratório de Patologia de Moléstias Infecciosas, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, CEP, Cerqueira Cesar, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Márcia Dalastra Laurenti
- Laboratório de Patologia de Moléstias Infecciosas, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, CEP, Cerqueira Cesar, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eunice Aparecida Bianchi Galati
- Departamento de Epidemiologia, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, CEP, Cerqueira Cesar, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Leonel JAF, Vioti G, Alves ML, da Silva DT, Meneghesso PA, Benassi JC, Spada JCP, Galvis-Ovallos F, Soares RM, Oliveira TMFDS. DNA extraction from individual Phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) specimens: Which is the method with better results? Exp Parasitol 2020; 218:107981. [PMID: 32871144 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2020.107981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) are a group of small insects of great concern for Public Health. These dipterous are intensely studied worldwide due to their involvement in the transmission of several pathogens, mainly Leishmania spp. parasites. Nowadays, the molecular tools have been included in Phlebotomine sand flies studies and has shown to be powerful tools in bioecology studies of these dipterous. Thereby, when molecular approaches are employed, there is a great concern regarding the amount and quality of the DNA obtained for analysis. Here, seven methods of DNA extraction, between commercial kits and in house extraction protocols were evaluated. We considered measure of DNA concentration and purity ratios using a spectrophotometer to check the performance of each protocol. In addition, the quality evaluation of the DNA extracted was performed by endogenous gene PCR on samples. The results of the seven evaluated DNA extraction protocols and their implications are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- João Augusto Franco Leonel
- Laboratory of Applied Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo - USP, Pirassununga, São Paulo state, Brazil; Post-graduate Program in Experimental Epidemiology Applied to Zoonoses, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo - USP, Pirassununga, São Paulo state, Brazil
| | - Geovanna Vioti
- Laboratory of Applied Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo - USP, Pirassununga, São Paulo state, Brazil; Post-graduate Program in Experimental Epidemiology Applied to Zoonoses, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo - USP, Pirassununga, São Paulo state, Brazil
| | - Maria Luana Alves
- Laboratory of Applied Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo - USP, Pirassununga, São Paulo state, Brazil; Post-graduate Program in Experimental Epidemiology Applied to Zoonoses, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo - USP, Pirassununga, São Paulo state, Brazil
| | - Diogo Tiago da Silva
- Laboratory of Applied Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo - USP, Pirassununga, São Paulo state, Brazil; Post-graduate Program in Experimental Epidemiology Applied to Zoonoses, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo - USP, Pirassununga, São Paulo state, Brazil
| | - Pedro Armando Meneghesso
- Laboratory of Applied Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo - USP, Pirassununga, São Paulo state, Brazil
| | - Julia Cristina Benassi
- Laboratory of Applied Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo - USP, Pirassununga, São Paulo state, Brazil
| | - Julio Cesar Pereira Spada
- Laboratory of Applied Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo - USP, Pirassununga, São Paulo state, Brazil; Post-graduate Program in Experimental Epidemiology Applied to Zoonoses, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo - USP, Pirassununga, São Paulo state, Brazil
| | - Fredy Galvis-Ovallos
- Laboratory of Entomology in Public Health, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo - USP, São Paulo, São Paulo state, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Martins Soares
- Post-graduate Program in Experimental Epidemiology Applied to Zoonoses, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo - USP, Pirassununga, São Paulo state, Brazil; Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo - USP, Pirassununga, São Paulo state, Brazil
| | - Trícia Maria Ferreira de Sousa Oliveira
- Laboratory of Applied Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo - USP, Pirassununga, São Paulo state, Brazil; Post-graduate Program in Experimental Epidemiology Applied to Zoonoses, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo - USP, Pirassununga, São Paulo state, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sánchez Uzcátegui YDV, Vasconcelos Dos Santos T, Silveira FT, Ramos PKS, Dos Santos EJM, Póvoa MM. Phlebotomines (Diptera: Psychodidae) from a Urban Park of Belém, Pará State, Northern Brazil and Potential Implications in the Transmission of American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 57:281-288. [PMID: 31550368 PMCID: PMC6951032 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjz153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In urban ecotourism parks, the life cycle of American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) agents can remain established, where phlebotomines may comprise potential risks for visitors. The present study aimed to survey the phlebotomine fauna of a forest park 'Bosque Rodriques Alves-Jardim Botânico da Amazônia' (BRAJBA), in the urban area of Belém, Brazil. The park was monthly surveyed in 2018 using CDC light traps placed in ground and canopy strata. Leishmania spp. isolated from dissected females were characterized by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (PCR-RFLP) analysis. Fluctuations in specimen capture were correlated with rainfall. Nyssomyia antunesi (Coutinho, 1939) was predominant for all surveyed ecotopes and capture methods in both areas. Females of Ny. antunesi resting on tree bases were observed attempting to bite researchers during early morning. One Bichromomyia flaviscutellata (Mangabeira, 1942) and one Trichophoromyia brachipyga (Mangabeira, 1942) were found naturally infected by flagellates. Only the strain from Th. brachipyga was isolated and characterized as Leishmania (Viannia) lainsoni Silveira, Shaw, Braga and Ishikawa, 1987. Monthly fluctuations of the three most abundant species, Ny. antunesi, Trichophoromyia ubiquitalis (Mangabeira, 1942) and Th. brachypiga, had statistically significant negative correlations with rainfall. The present study provided further information to better understand ACL ecology in the Belém urban area, where the urban parks surveyed appeared to offer potential risk of contracting the disease, thus requiring environmental management. These observations highlighted the need for including Ny. antunesi, Bi. flaviscutellata, Th. ubiquitalis, and Th. brachypiga in the priority list for continuous entomological surveillance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yetsenia D V Sánchez Uzcátegui
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Biologia de Agentes Infecciosos e Parasitários, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará State, Brazil
- Seção de Parasitologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Ananindeua, Pará State, Brazil
- Departamento de Biología, Faculdad de Ciencias, Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela
| | | | - Fernando T Silveira
- Seção de Parasitologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Ananindeua, Pará State, Brazil
| | - Patricia K S Ramos
- Seção de Parasitologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Ananindeua, Pará State, Brazil
| | - Eduardo José M Dos Santos
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Biologia de Agentes Infecciosos e Parasitários, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará State, Brazil
| | - Marinete M Póvoa
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Biologia de Agentes Infecciosos e Parasitários, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará State, Brazil
- Seção de Parasitologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Ananindeua, Pará State, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mota TF, de Sousa OMF, Silva YDJ, Borja LS, Leite BMM, Solcà MDS, de Melo DA, Brodskyn CI, Dias ES, Veras PST, Fraga DBM. Natural infection by Leishmania infantum in the Lutzomyia longipalpis population of an endemic coastal area to visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil is not associated with bioclimatic factors. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019; 13:e0007626. [PMID: 31449534 PMCID: PMC6730935 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a zoonosis caused by the protozoan Leishmania infantum and in Brazil is transmitted mainly by the bite of Lutzomuyia longipalpis sand flies. Data about the presence, distribution, natural infection rate, seasonal and monthly dynamics of the vector population are important for optimizing the measures to control VL in endemic areas. This study aimed to identify sand fly fauna in an endemic area for VL to detect the prevalence of L. infantum infection in the Lu. longipalpis population and to elucidate the influence of bioclimatic factors on the monthly fluctuations of this vector. HP light traps were monthly set in the intradomicile and peridomicile of residences located in the central and beachfront areas of Camaçari, a VL endemic area. The sand fly collection was conducted in two periods: i) period 1-between December 2011 and November 2012 and ii) period 2-August 2014 and July 2015. Sand fly species were identified and detection of L. infantum infection by qPCR was performed in pools of female Lu. longipalpis. For the first time, the parasite load of positive pools was correlated with the number of Lu. longipalpis captured per month in both periods. Correlation analyses between the monthly fluctuation of the sand fly population and bioclimatic indices of the municipality in both collection periods were also performed. In both evaluated periods, more than 98% of the collected sand flies were Lu. longipalpis, confirming the predominance of this species in the region. It was captured mostly in the beachfront area in all months evaluated (99%). For the period 1, Leishmania DNA was detected in 81% of tested pools representing a minimal infection rate of 9.6%. In the period 2, 40% of the pools were positive with a minimal infection rate of 10.2%. Infected sand flies were only detected in the beachfront area in both periods. The parasite load was low and did not vary in the evaluated months despite the number of collected sand flies. No correlation was observed for climatic factors in both areas of Camaçari. These findings emphasize the high risk of Leishmania transmission in Camaçari regardless of the season and that other factors, aside from bioclimatic elements, are influencing the sand fly population monthly fluctuation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Manuela da Silva Solcà
- Escola de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia—Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Patrícia Sampaio Tavares Veras
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz—Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Doenças Tropicais—INCT-DT, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Deborah Bittencourt Mothé Fraga
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz—Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil
- Escola de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia—Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Doenças Tropicais—INCT-DT, Salvador, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Resadore F, Júnior AMP, de Paulo PFM, Gil LHS, Rodrigues MMDS, Araújo MDS, Julião GR, Medeiros JF. Composition and Vertical Stratification of Phlebotomine Sand Fly Fauna and the Molecular Detection of Leishmania in Forested Areas in Rondônia State Municipalities, Western Amazon, Brazil. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2019; 19:347-357. [DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2018.2372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fábio Resadore
- Laboratório de Entomologia, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - Fiocruz Rondônia, Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Experimental, Fundação Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil
| | - Antônio Marques Pereira Júnior
- Laboratório de Entomologia, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - Fiocruz Rondônia, Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Experimental, Fundação Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil
- Laboratório de Entomologia, Instituto Nacional de Epidemiologia da Amazônia Ocidental - INCT/EpiAmo, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - Fiocruz Rondônia, Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil
| | | | - Luiz Herman Soares Gil
- Laboratório de Entomologia, Instituto de Pesquisas e Patologias Tropicais de Rondônia, Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil
| | | | - Maísa da Silva Araújo
- Laboratório de Entomologia, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - Fiocruz Rondônia, Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil
| | - Genimar Rebouças Julião
- Laboratório de Entomologia, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - Fiocruz Rondônia, Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil
- Laboratório de Entomologia, Instituto Nacional de Epidemiologia da Amazônia Ocidental - INCT/EpiAmo, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - Fiocruz Rondônia, Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil
| | - Jansen Fernandes Medeiros
- Laboratório de Entomologia, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - Fiocruz Rondônia, Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil
- Laboratório de Entomologia, Instituto Nacional de Epidemiologia da Amazônia Ocidental - INCT/EpiAmo, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - Fiocruz Rondônia, Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Pereira-Filho AA, Fonteles RS, Bandeira MDCA, Moraes JLP, Rebêlo JMM, Melo MN. Molecular Identification of Leishmania spp. in Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) in the Lençóis Maranhenses National Park, Brazil. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2018; 55:989-994. [PMID: 29471500 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjy014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Sand flies are very common in the region of Lençóis Maranhenses National Park, an important tourist attraction in Brazil. However, the role of some species and their relative importance locally in Leishmania Ross 1903 transmission is unclear. The objective of this study was to identify Leishmania infection in phlebotomine sand flies collected around the Lençóis Maranhenses National Park, an important conservation area and popular international/national tourist destination with a high incidence of leishmaniasis. Sand flies were collected in peridomiciliary areas on the tourist route from September 2012 to August 2013. The captured females were subjected to molecular analyses for the detection of Leishmania DNA. Sand flies were infected with four Leishmania species: Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis (Vianna, 1911) was found in Lutzomyia whitmani (Antunes and Coutinho, 1939) (2.1%) and Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz and Neiva, 1912) (1.7%); Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum (Nicole, 1908) infected Lutzomyia wellcomei (Fraiha, Shaw, and Lainson, 1971) (20%), Lutzomyia sordellii (Shannon and Del Ponte, 1927) (4.3%), Lu. longipalpis (3.7%), and Lu. whitmani (0.8%); Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis (Lainson & Shaw, 1972) was found in Lu. whitmani (0.58%), while Leishmania (Viannia) lainsoni infected Lutzomyia evandroi (Costa Lima and Antunes, 1936) (3.4%), Lu. longipalpis (1.06%), and Lu. whitmani (0.29%). The occurrence of these parasites requires control measures to reduce the incidence of cutaneous leishmaniasis and to contain a possible epidemic of visceral leishmaniasis, the most severe form of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adalberto Alves Pereira-Filho
- Programa de Pós- Graduação em Parasitologia, Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Raquel Silva Fonteles
- Laboratório de Entomologia e Vetores, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, Brasil
| | | | - Jorge Luiz Pinto Moraes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia da Rede Bionorte, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, Brasil
| | - José Manuel Macário Rebêlo
- Laboratório de Entomologia e Vetores, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia da Rede Bionorte, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, Brasil
| | - Maria Norma Melo
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
de Ávila MM, Brilhante AF, de Souza CF, Bevilacqua PD, Galati EAB, Brazil RP. Ecology, feeding and natural infection by Leishmania spp. of phlebotomine sand flies in an area of high incidence of American tegumentary leishmaniasis in the municipality of Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil. Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:64. [PMID: 29373995 PMCID: PMC5787322 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-2641-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 03/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) are insects of medical importance due to their involvement in the zoonotic transmission of Leishmania spp. to vertebrates. The aim of this work was to study the ecology of the sand fly fauna of two types of environments, a rural environment (the Transacreana Road) and an urban park (Horto Florestal Park), both located in the municipality of Rio Branco in the state of Acre, Brazil. Additionally, this study intended to investigate Leishmania infection and blood meal sources of these sand flies using molecular techniques. METHODS The sand fly fauna was studied in different environments (i.e. forest and peridomestic environments in a rural area, and an urban forest) using Shannon traps and HP light traps to collect sand fly specimens over 13 consecutive months (December 2014 to January 2016). For investigating natural infection by Leishmania and the source of sand fly blood meals, DNA samples were extracted from female sand flies and subjected to polymerase chain reaction targeting ITS1 and cytb genes. DNA sequencing was subsequently used to identify species of Leishmania and the source of blood meals. RESULTS A total of 2515 individual sand flies of 43 species were collected and identified, Trichophoromyia auraensis (839; 33.35%), Trichophoromyia spp. (537; 21.35%) and Evandromyia saulensis (187; 7.43%) were more abundant in the rural area (S = 41 species) than in the urban forest. No significant differences were found in species richness between forest and peridomestic environments in the rural area (H = 0.04; P > 0.05), but a larger number of species was found in the forest. Leishmania DNA was sequenced in 13 samples, confirming the presence of L. (V.) braziliensis in Th. auraensis (n = 1), Ev. saulensis (n = 2), Ev. walkeri (n = 1), Ps. llanosmartinsi (n = 1), Pi. nevesi (n = 2), Ps. davisi (n = 1), Ps. ayrozai (n = 1), Pa. aragaoi (n = 1), Ny. antunesi (n = 1) and Ev. infraspinosa (n = 1). Only Ps. ayrozai possessed a sequence similar to that of L. (V.) guyanensis (99%). Through microscopic analysis, five specimens of Ev. saulensis were found to possess flagellate forms in the hindgut, with an infection rate of 2.4%. Samples from 33 fed females were submitted to cytb gene amplification, for which sequencing determined that all were similar to the sequence deposited on GenBank for Gallus gallus (domestic chicken). CONCLUSIONS The high abundance of Trichophoromyia auraensis and Ev. saulensis, and the detection of L. (V.) braziliensis DNA, suggests that both species may be vectors of American tegumentary leishmaniasis. Psychodopygus ayrozai was found to be infected by L. (V) braziliesnsis and L. (V.) guyanensis, and although collected in low abundance, it may be a potential vector in the region. The sand fly fauna was found to be rich and diverse with predominance of the genus Psychodopygus. Identification of food sources of fed females showed that 100% amplified a gene region compatible with the domestic chicken, which although considered refractory in the disease transmission cycle, may have an influence on the population dynamics of sand flies.
Collapse
|
13
|
Teles CBG, Santos APDAD, Freitas RA, Oliveira AFJD, Ogawa GM, Rodrigues MS, Pessoa FAC, Medeiros JF, Camargo LMA. Phlebotomine sandfly (Diptera: Psychodidae) diversity and their Leishmania DNA in a hot spot of American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis human cases along the Brazilian border with Peru and Bolivia. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2017; 0:0. [PMID: 27304023 PMCID: PMC4957494 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760160054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we identified the phlebotomine sandfly vectors involved in the transmission of American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (ACL) in Assis Brasil, Acre, Brazil, which is located on the Brazil-Peru-Bolivia frontier. The genotyping of Leishmania in phlebotomines was performed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism. A total of 6,850 sandflies comprising 67 species were captured by using CDC light traps in rural areas of the municipality. Three sandfly species were found in the state of Acre for the first time: Lutzomyia georgii, Lu. complexa and Lu. evangelistai. The predominant species was Lu. auraensis/Lu. ruifreitasi and Lu. davisi (total 59.27%). 32 of 368 pools were positive for the presence of Leishmania DNA (16 pools corresponding to Lu. davisi, and 16 corresponding to Lu. auraensis/Lu. ruifreitasi), with a minimal infection prevalence of 1.85% in Lu. davisi and 2.05% in Lu. auraensis/Lu. ruifreitasi. The Leishmania species found showed maximum identity with L. (Viannia) guyanensis and L. (V.) braziliensis in both phlebotomine species. Based on these results and similar scenarios previously described along the Brazil/Peru/Bolivia tri-border, the studied area must take into consideration the possibility of Lu. davisi and Lu. auraensis/Lu. ruifreitasi as probable vectors of ACL in this municipality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Bioni Garcia Teles
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Porto Velho RO , Brasil, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Porto Velho, RO, Brasil.,Faculdade São Lucas, Faculdade São Lucas, Porto Velho RO , Brasil, Faculdade São Lucas, Porto Velho, RO, Brasil
| | - Ana Paula de Azevedo Dos Santos
- Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Porto Velho RO , Brasil, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brasil
| | - Rui Alves Freitas
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus AM , Brasil, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, AM, Brasil
| | - Arley Faria José de Oliveira
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane, Manaus AM , Brasil, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane, Manaus, AM, Brasil
| | - Guilherme Maerschner Ogawa
- Universidade de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Monte Negro RO , Brasil, Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Monte Negro, RO, Brasil
| | - Moreno Souza Rodrigues
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Porto Velho RO , Brasil, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Porto Velho, RO, Brasil
| | - Felipe Arley Costa Pessoa
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane, Manaus AM , Brasil, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane, Manaus, AM, Brasil
| | - Jansen Fernandes Medeiros
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Porto Velho RO , Brasil, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Porto Velho, RO, Brasil
| | - Luís Marcelo Aranha Camargo
- Faculdade São Lucas, Faculdade São Lucas, Porto Velho RO , Brasil, Faculdade São Lucas, Porto Velho, RO, Brasil.,Universidade de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Monte Negro RO , Brasil, Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Monte Negro, RO, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Brilhante AF, de Ávila MM, de Souza JF, Medeiros-Sousa AR, Sábio PB, de Paula MB, Godoy RE, Melchior LAK, Nunes VLB, de Oliveira Cardoso C, Galati EAB. Attractiveness of black and white modified Shannon traps to phlebotomine sandflies (Diptera, Psychodidae) in the Brazilian Amazon Basin, an area of intense transmission of American cutaneous leishmaniasis. Parasite 2017; 24:20. [PMID: 28593838 PMCID: PMC5467224 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2017021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In the Amazon region the phlebotomine fauna is considered one of the most diverse in the world. The use of Shannon traps may provide information on the anthropophily of the species and improve the traps' performance in terms of diversity and quantity of insects collected when white and black colored traps are used together. This study sought to verify the attractiveness of the traps to the phlebotomine species of the Brazilian Amazon basin using Shannon traps under these conditions. The insects were collected using two Shannon traps installed side by side, one white and the other black, in a primary forest area of the municipality of Xapuri, Acre, Brazil. Samples were collected once a month during the period August 2013 to July 2015. A sample of females was dissected to test for natural infection by flagellates. A total of 6,309 (864 males and 5,445 females) specimens (36 species) were collected. Psychodopygus carrerai carrerai (42%), Nyssomyia shawi (36%), and Psychodopygus davisi (13%), together represented 90% of the insects collected. Nyssomyia shawi and Psychodopygus davisi were more attracted by the white color. Specimens of Nyssomyia shawi, Nyssomyia whitmani, and Psychodopygus hirsutus hirsutus were found naturally infected by flagellates in the mid and hindgut. This is the first study in Acre state using and comparing both black and white Shannon traps, demonstrating the richness, diversity, and anthropophilic behavior of the phlebotomine species and identifying proven and putative vectors of the etiological agents of leishmaniasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Vânia Lúcia Brandão Nunes
-
Laboratory of Human Parasitology, Anhanguera-Uniderp University Campo Grande Mato Grosso do Sul Brazil
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Casaril AE, de Oliveira LP, Alonso DP, de Oliveira EF, Gomes Barrios SP, de Oliveira Moura Infran J, Fernandes WDS, Oshiro ET, Ferreira AMT, Ribolla PEM, de Oliveira AG. Standardization of DNA extraction from sand flies: Application to genotyping by next generation sequencing. Exp Parasitol 2017; 177:66-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2017.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
16
|
Carvalho GML, Brazil RP, Rêgo FD, Ramos MCNF, Zenóbio APLA, Andrade Filho JD. Molecular Detection of Leishmania DNA in Wild-Caught Phlebotomine Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) From a Cave in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2017; 54:196-203. [PMID: 28082647 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjw137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Leishmania spp. are distributed throughout the world, and different species are associated with varying degrees of disease severity. In Brazil, Leishmania transmission involves several species of phlebotomine sand flies that are closely associated with different parasites and reservoirs, and thereby giving rise to different transmission cycles. Infection occurs during the bloodmeals of sand flies obtained from a variety of wild and domestic animals, and sometimes from humans. The present study focused on detection of Leishmania DNA in phlebotomine sand flies from a cave in the state of Minas Gerais. Detection of Leishmania in female sand flies was performed with ITS1 PCR-RFLP (internal transcribed spacer 1) using HaeIII enzyme and genetic sequencing for SSUrRNA target. The survey of Leishmania DNA was carried out on 232 pools and the parasite DNA was detected in four: one pool of Lutzomyia cavernicola (Costa Lima, 1932), infected with Le. infantum (ITS1 PCR-RFLP), two pools of Evandromyia sallesi (Galvão & Coutinho, 1939), both infected with Leishmania braziliensis complex (SSUrRNA genetic sequencing analysis), and one pool of Sciopemyia sordellii (Shannon & Del Ponte, 1927), infected with subgenus Leishmania (SSUrRNA genetic sequencing analysis). The present study identified the species for Leishmania DNA detected in four pools of sand flies, all of which were captured inside the cave. These results represent the first molecular detection of Lu cavernicola with Le infantum DNA, Sc sordellii with subgenus Leishmania DNA, and Ev sallesi with Leishmania braziliensis complex DNA. The infection rate in females captured for this study was 0.17%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G M L Carvalho
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Augusto de Lima, 1715 Barro Preto, CEP 30190-002, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil (; ; ; ; )
| | - R P Brazil
- Laboratório de doenças parasitárias, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Pavilhão Arthur Neiva, sala 22. Av. Brasil, 4365 Manguinhos, CEP 21040-900 Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - F D Rêgo
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Augusto de Lima, 1715 Barro Preto, CEP 30190-002, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil (; ; ; ; )
| | - M C N F Ramos
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Augusto de Lima, 1715 Barro Preto, CEP 30190-002, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil (; ; ; ; )
| | - A P L A Zenóbio
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Augusto de Lima, 1715 Barro Preto, CEP 30190-002, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil (; ; ; ; )
| | - J D Andrade Filho
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Augusto de Lima, 1715 Barro Preto, CEP 30190-002, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil (; ; ; ; )
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Oliveira EFD, Casaril AE, Mateus NLF, Murat PG, Fernandes WS, Oshiro ET, Oliveira AGD, Galati EAB. Leishmania amazonensis DNA in wild females of Lutzomyia cruzi (Diptera: Psychodidae) in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2015; 110:1051-7. [PMID: 26602870 PMCID: PMC4708026 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760150317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies on natural infection by Leishmania spp of sandflies
collected in endemic and nonendemic areas can provide important information on the
distribution and intensity of the transmission of these parasites. This study sought
to investigate the natural infection by Leishmaniain wild female
sandflies. The specimens were caught in the city of Corumbá, state of Mato Grosso do
Sul (Brazil) between October 2012-March 2014, and dissected to investigate
flagellates and/or submitted to molecular analysis to detect
Leishmania DNA. A total of 1,164 females (77.56% of which were
Lutzomyia cruzi) representing 11 species were investigated using
molecular analysis; 126 specimens of Lu. cruziwere dissected and
also submitted to molecular analysis. The infection rate based on the presence of
Leishmania DNA considering all the sandfly species analysed was
0.69%; only Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis was identified in
Lu. cruzi by the molecular analysis. The dissections were
negative for flagellates. This is the first record of the presence of L. (L.)
amazonensis DNA in Lu. cruzi, and the first record of
this parasite in this area. These findings point to the need for further
investigation into the possible role of this sandfly as vector of this parasite.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Aline Etelvina Casaril
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brasil
| | | | - Paula Guerra Murat
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brasil
| | - Wagner Souza Fernandes
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brasil
| | - Elisa Teruya Oshiro
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brasil
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Rêgo FD, Rugani JMN, Shimabukuro PHF, Tonelli GB, Quaresma PF, Gontijo CMF. Molecular detection of Leishmania in phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) from a cutaneous leishmaniasis focus atXakriabá Indigenous Reserve, Brazil. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122038. [PMID: 25853254 PMCID: PMC4390197 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Autochthonous cases of American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) have been reported since 2001 in the Xakriabá Indigenous Reserve located in the municipality of São João das Missões in northern Minas Gerais state, Brazil. In order to study the presence of Leishmania DNA in phlebotomine sand flies, six entomological collections were carried out from July 2008 through July 2009, using 40 light traps placed in peridomicile areas of 20 randomly selected houses. From October 2011 through August 2012, another six collections were carried out with 20 light traps distributed among four trails (five traps per trail) selected for a previous study of wild and synanthropic hosts of Leishmania. A total of 4,760 phlebotomine specimens were collected belonging to ten genera and twenty-three species. Single female specimens or pools with up to ten specimens of the same locality, species and date, for Leishmania detection by molecular methods. Species identification of parasites was performed with ITS1 PCR-RFLP using HaeIII enzyme and genetic sequencing for SSU rRNA target. The presence of Leishmania DNA was detected in eleven samples from peridomicile areas: Lu. longipalpis (two), Nyssomyia intermedia (four), Lu. renei (two), Lu. ischnacantha, Micropygomyia goiana and Evandromyia lenti (one pool of each specie). The presence of Leishmania DNA was detected in twelve samples from among the trails: Martinsmyia minasensis (six), Ny. intermedia (three), Mi. peresi (two) and Ev. lenti (one). The presence of Leishmania infantum DNA in Lu. longipalpis and Leishmania braziliensis DNA in Ny. intermediasupport the epidemiological importance of these species of sand flies in the cycle of visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis, respectively. The results also found other species associated with Leishmania DNA, such as Mt. minasensis and Ev. lenti, which may participate in a wild and/or synanthropic cycle of Leishmania transmission in the studied area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Dutra Rêgo
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Augusto de Lima, 1715 Barro Preto, CEP 30190–002, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Jeronimo Marteleto Nunes Rugani
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Augusto de Lima, 1715 Barro Preto, CEP 30190–002, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Paloma Helena Fernandes Shimabukuro
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Augusto de Lima, 1715 Barro Preto, CEP 30190–002, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Gabriel Barbosa Tonelli
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Augusto de Lima, 1715 Barro Preto, CEP 30190–002, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Patrícia Flávia Quaresma
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Augusto de Lima, 1715 Barro Preto, CEP 30190–002, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Célia Maria Ferreira Gontijo
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Augusto de Lima, 1715 Barro Preto, CEP 30190–002, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Baum M, de Castro EA, Pinto MC, Goulart TM, Baura W, Klisiowicz DDR, Vieira da Costa-Ribeiro MC. Molecular detection of the blood meal source of sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in a transmission area of American cutaneous leishmaniasis, Paraná State, Brazil. Acta Trop 2015; 143:8-12. [PMID: 25530542 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2014.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Revised: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The feeding behavior of sand flies provides valuable information about the vector/host interactions and elucidates the epidemiological patterns of American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) transmission. The aim of this study was to identify the blood meal sources of sand flies in endemic areas of leishmaniasis in Paraná State through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of a prepronociceptin (PNOC) gene fragment and its subsequent DNA sequencing. Moreover, molecular assays were conducted to evaluate the sensitivity and reproducibility of the PNOC gene amplification. Besides that, a time-course digestion test of the blood using sand flies that fed artificially on BALB/c mice was performed. Of 1263 female sand flies collected in the field, 93 (3.6%) specimens were engorged and 27 allowed efficient amplification of the PNOC gene. These flies had fed on equine (Equus caballus), porcine (Sus scrofa) and canine (Canis lupus familiaris) species. The results also showed that the identification of the blood meal sources of the sand flies using the molecular method was directly linked to the level of digestion of the blood (time-course) and not to the amount of blood that had been ingested or to the presence of inhibitors in the blood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maurício Baum
- Federal University of Paraná, Biological Sciences Sector, Basic Pathology Department, Polytechnic Center, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Edilene Alcântara de Castro
- Federal University of Paraná, Biological Sciences Sector, Basic Pathology Department, Polytechnic Center, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Mara Cristina Pinto
- State University Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Araraquara, Biological Sciences Department, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thais Marchi Goulart
- State University of Campinas, Institute of Biology, Department of Animal Biology, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Walter Baura
- Federal University of Paraná, Biological Sciences Sector, Basic Pathology Department, Polytechnic Center, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Débora do Rocio Klisiowicz
- Federal University of Paraná, Biological Sciences Sector, Basic Pathology Department, Polytechnic Center, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
de Brito VN, de Almeida ADBPF, Nakazato L, Duarte R, Souza CDO, Sousa VRF. Phlebotomine fauna, natural infection rate and feeding habits of Lutzomyia cruzi in Jaciara, state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2014; 109:899-904. [PMID: 25410993 PMCID: PMC4296494 DOI: 10.1590/0074-0276140112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in Brazil is transmitted by the phlebotomine Lutzomyia longipalpis and in some midwestern regions by Lutzomyia cruzi. Studies of the phlebotomine fauna, feeding habits and natural infection rate by Leishmania contribute to increased understanding of the epidemiological chain of leishmaniases and their vectorial capacity. Collections were performed in Jaciara, state of Mato Grosso from 2010-2013, during which time 2,011 phlebotomines (23 species) were captured (68.70% Lu. cruzi and 20.52% Lutzomyia whitmani). Lu. cruzi females were identified by observing the shapes of the cibarium (a portion of the mouthpart) and spermatheca, from which samples were obtained for polymerase chain reaction to determine the rates of natural infection. Engorged phlebotomines were assessed to identify the blood-meal host by ELISA. A moderate correlation was discovered between the number of Lu. cruzi and the temperature and the minimum rate of infection was 6.10%. Twenty-two females were reactive to the antisera of bird (28%), dog (3.30%) and skunk (1.60%). We conclude that Lu. cruzi and Lu. whitmani have adapted to the urban environment in this region and that Lu. cruzi is the most likely vector of VL in Jaciara. Moreover, maintenance of Leishmania in the environment is likely aided by the presence of birds and domestic and synanthropic animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veruska Nogueira de Brito
- Secretaria Estadual de Saúde de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT,
Brasil
- Departamento de Clínica Médica Veterinária, Faculdade de Agronomia,
Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT,
Brasil
| | | | - Luciano Nakazato
- Departamento de Clínica Médica Veterinária, Faculdade de Agronomia,
Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT,
Brasil
| | - Rosemere Duarte
- Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sérgio Arouca-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro,
RJ, Brasil
| | - Cladson de Oliveira Souza
- Departamento de Clínica Médica Veterinária, Faculdade de Agronomia,
Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT,
Brasil
| | - Valéria Régia Franco Sousa
- Departamento de Clínica Médica Veterinária, Faculdade de Agronomia,
Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT,
Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Diniz MMCDSL, Ovallos FG, de Castro Gomes CM, de Oliveira Lavitschka C, Galati EAB. Host-biting rate and susceptibility of some suspected vectors to Leishmania braziliensis. Parasit Vectors 2014; 7:139. [PMID: 24684943 PMCID: PMC3976554 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-7-139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND American tegumentary leishmaniasis is a serious Brazilian public health problem. This diseases is attributed to seven species of Leishmania, however, the majority of cases are associated with Leishmania braziliensis. Some phlebotomine species have been implicated in the transmission of this parasite, nonetheless only Psychodopygus wellcomei has had its vectorial competence demonstrated. Thus this study sought to assess some parameters related to the vectorial capacity of anthropophilic species of sand fly occurring in São Paulo state: Pintomyia fischeri, Migonemyia migonei Nyssomyia intermedia, Nyssomyia whitmani, Expapillata firmatoi and Psychodopygus ayrozai, under laboratory conditions. These parameters were the duration of the gonotrophic cycle, proportion of females which feed on hamster, the rate of infection by L. braziliensis and the duration of the extrinsic incubation period. METHODS The sandflies were collected in three regions of the São Paulo state: Greater São Paulo and the Mogi Guaçu and Iporanga municipalities. To assess the proportion of engorged females the insects were fed on hamsters to estimate the duration of the gonotrophic cycle. To estimate the susceptibility to infection of each species, their females were fed on hamsters infected with Leishmania braziliensis and dissected to ascertain the localization of the flagellates and estimate the extrinsic incubation period. RESULTS Low hamster attractiveness to Ps. ayrozai was observed. A high proportion of engorged females was observed when the hamster had its whole body exposed. The gonotrophic cycle ranged between three and eight days. Mg. migonei, Pi. fischeri, Ny. neivai, Ny. intermedia, Ny. whitmani and Ex.firmatoi presented susceptibility to infection by L. braziliensis. The highest infection rate (34.4%) was observed for Ny. whitmani and the lowest for Ny. intermedia (6.6%). Mg. migonei presented late-stage infection forms on the fifth day after feeding, but in the other species these forms were observed as from the fourth day. CONCLUSIONS Our results, together with other parameters of their behavior under natural conditions, suggest the potential role of Ex. firmatoi as vector of this parasite and reinforce that of Mg. migonei, Pi. fischeri, Ny. neivai, Ny. intermedia and Ny. whitmani in the areas in which they occur.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Fredy Galvis Ovallos
- Postgraduate Program in Public Health, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo - USP, São Paulo, SP Brazil.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Rodrigues ACM, Silva RA, Melo LM, Luciano MCS, Bevilaqua CML. Epidemiological survey of Lutzomyia longipalpis infected by Leishmania infantum in an endemic area of Brazil. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA 2014; 23:55-62. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612014007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to perform an epidemiological survey to determine the areas at risk of visceral leishmaniasis through the detection and quantification of natural infection by Leishmania infantum in Lutzomyia longipalpis. The sandflies were captured between February 2009 and January 2010, at 21 sites in four regions of the Fortaleza municipality. Samples were screened for the presence of Leishmania DNA by Real Time PCR (qPCR), amplification of kDNA minicircle sequence. Out of the 123 pools of analyzed sandflies, 45 were positive for L.infantum, and the minimum infection rate was 3.7%. In the north, south, east and west regions, the pool screen assay predicted sand-fly infection prevalence of 3.4%, 4.7%, 4.9% and 8.4%, respectively. The parasite load ranged from 2.45 ± 0.96 to 2,820,246 ± 106,072. No statistical differences were found with respect to the frequency of sand-fly infection between the regions (P=0.3014), seasons (P = 0.3906) or trap locations (P = 0.8486). Statistical differences were found with respect to the frequency of sand-fly infection between the two seasons only in the west region (P=0.0152). The qPCR was able to detect and quantify L. infantum in L. longipalpis, therefore succeeding in identifying the areas of greatest risk of VL transmission.
Collapse
|
23
|
Quaresma PF, Carvalho GMDL, Ramos MCDNF, Andrade Filho JD. Natural Leishmania sp. reservoirs and phlebotomine sandfly food source identification in Ibitipoca State Park, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2013; 107:480-5. [PMID: 22666858 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762012000400007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2011] [Accepted: 02/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmania spp are distributed throughout the world and different species are associated with varying degrees of disease severity. However, leishmaniasis is thought to be confined to areas of the world where its insect vectors, sandflies, are present. Phlebotomine sandflies obtain blood meals from a variety of wild and domestic animals and sometimes from humans. These vectors transmit Leishmania spp, the aetiological agent of leishmaniasis. Identification of sandfly blood meals has generally been performed using serological methods, although a few studies have used molecular procedures in artificially fed insects. In this study, cytochrome b gene (cytB) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed in DNA samples isolated from 38 engorged Psychodopygus lloydi and the expected 359 bp fragment was identified from all of the samples. The amplified product was digested using restriction enzymes and analysed for restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs). We identified food sources for 23 females; 34.8% yielded a primate-specific banding profile and 26.1% and 39.1% showed banding patterns specific to birds or mixed restriction profiles (rodent/marsupial, human/bird, rodent/marsupial/human), respectively. The food sources of 15 flies could not be identified. Two female P. lloydi were determined to be infected by Leishmania using internal transcribed spacer 1 and heat shock protein 70 kDa PCR-RFLP. The two female sandflies, both of which fed on rodents/marsupials, were further characterised as infected with Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis. These results constitute an important step towards applying methodologies based on cytB amplification as a tool for identifying the food sources of female sandflies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Flávia Quaresma
- Laboratório de Leishmanioses, Instituto René Rachou, Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
de Andrade ARO, Dorval MEMC, de Andrade SMO, Marques A, da Costa Lima Júnior MS, da Silva BAK, Andreotti R. First report of natural infection of phlebotomines for Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi captured in Ponta Porã, on the border between Brazil and Paraguay. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF TROPICAL DISEASE 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s2222-1808(11)60060-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
|
25
|
Bezerra-Vasconcelos DR, Melo LM, Albuquerque ÉS, Luciano MCS, Bevilaqua CML. Real-time PCR to assess the Leishmania load in Lutzomyia longipalpis sand flies: screening of target genes and assessment of quantitative methods. Exp Parasitol 2011; 129:234-9. [PMID: 21864530 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2011.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2010] [Revised: 08/07/2011] [Accepted: 08/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Visceral Leishmaniasis is an endemic disease in Brazil caused by Leishmania infantum chagasi and its main vector species is the sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis. Epidemiological studies have used conventional PCR techniques to measure the rate of infection of sand flies collected in the field. However, real-time PCR can detect lower parasite burdens, reducing the number of false negatives and improving the quantification of Leishmania parasites in the sand fly. This study compared genes with various copy numbers to detect and quantify L. infantum chagasi in L. longipalpis specimens by real-time PCR. We mixed pools of 1, 10 and 30 male sand flies with various amounts of L. infantum chagasi, forming groups with 50, 500, 5000 and 50,000 Leishmania parasites. For the amplification of L. infantum chagasi DNA, primers targeting kDNA, polymerase α and the 18S ribosome subunit were employed. Parasites were measured by absolute and relative quantification. PCR detection using the amplification of kDNA exhibited the greatest sensitivity among the genes tested, showing the capacity to detect the DNA equivalent of 0.004 parasites. Additionally, the relative quantification using these primers was more accurate and precise. In general, the number of sand flies used for DNA extraction did not influence Leishmania quantification. However, for low-copy targets, such as the polymerase α gene, lower parasite numbers in the sample produced inaccurate quantifications. Thus, qPCR measurement of L. infantum chagasi in L. longipalpis was improved by targeting high copy-number genes; amplification of high copy-number targets increased the sensitivity, accuracy and precision of DNA-based parasite enumeration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana R Bezerra-Vasconcelos
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Soares MRA, Carvalho CC, Silva LA, Lima MSCS, Barral AMP, Rebêlo JMM, Pereira SRF. [Molecular analysis of natural infection of Lutzomyia longipalpis in an endemic area for visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil]. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2011; 26:2409-13. [PMID: 21243235 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-311x2010001200019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2010] [Accepted: 08/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The main purpose of this study was to investigate natural infection by Leishmania chagasi in female sand flies in a visceral leishmaniasis (VL) focus on São Luís Island, Maranhão State, Brazil. Molecular analysis by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was applied to determine the rate of natural infection of Lutzomyia longipalpis by L. chagasi in areas of old and recent human settlement on São Luís Island. Based on a sample of 800 female specimens captured from March to August 2005, the natural infection rate was 1.25% in an area of old settlement and 0.25% in two recently settled areas. Infection of L. longipalpis was detected in both areas, regardless of the number of reported human VL cases, indicating that other factors modulating infection in the wild need to be investigated. The results confirm PCR as a specific technique and an important tool for epidemiological surveillance.
Collapse
|
27
|
Oliveira DM, Reinhold-Castro KR, Bernal MVZ, de Oliveira Legriffon CM, Lonardoni MVC, Teodoro U, Silveira TGV. Natural Infection ofNyssomyia neivaibyLeishmania (Viannia) spp. in the State of Paraná, Southern Brazil, Detected by Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2011; 11:137-43. [DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2009.0218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Diego Molina Oliveira
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Ueslei Teodoro
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Species-specific identification of Leishmania in naturally infected sand flies captured in Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil. Acta Trop 2010; 115:126-30. [PMID: 20219438 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2010.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2009] [Revised: 02/18/2010] [Accepted: 02/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
An increase in cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis cases has been reported in recent years in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, and little is known to date about their etiological agents. An investigation into natural Leishmania infection of sand flies captured in this state between December 2003 and August 2004 was carried out. Mini-exon sequences were used as targets to identify Leishmania, and an RFLP technique was employed for those identified as belonging to the Viannia subgenus. Calculation of the minimal infection rate (MR) revealed that 1.6% of sand flies captured in the forest, peridomicile and intradomicile were positive. Six species were found to be infected by Leishmania (V.) braziliensis. Interestingly, two of the six species, Lutzomyia longipalpis and Nyssomyia whitmani, were captured in anthropic environments. The findings of this study constitute a useful tool for planning control measures against this disease in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul.
Collapse
|
29
|
Saraiva L, Carvalho GML, Gontijo CMF, Quaresma PF, Lima ACVMR, Falcão AL, Andrade Filho JD. Natural infection of Lutzomyia neivai and Lutzomyia sallesi (Diptera: Psychodidae) by Leishmania infantum chagasi in Brazil. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2009; 46:1159-1163. [PMID: 19769049 DOI: 10.1603/033.046.0525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Natural infections with Leishmania were found in females of the phlebotomine sand flies Lutzomyia neivai (Pinto) (= Nyssomyia neivai) and Lutzomyia sallesi (Galvão & Coutinho) (= Evandromyia sallesi) (Diptera: Psychodidae) from Lassance, in the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais. Promastigotes were found in the pyloric region of the former species and in the abdominal midgut of the latter species. Insects found to be infected by microscopic examination were macerated in saline solution and inoculated into hamsters. Subsequent analysis by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism revealed both isolates to belong to the species Leishmania infantum chagasi Cunha & Chagas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lara Saraiva
- Laboratório de Leishmanioses, Instituto René Rachou-Fiocruz, Av. Augusto de Lima 1715, CEP 30190-002 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|