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Kumar S, Kumar R, Bibwe BR, Nath P, Singh RK, Mandhania S, Pal A, Soni R, Kumar A. Postharvest handling of ethylene with oxidative and absorptive means. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2024; 61:813-832. [PMID: 38487289 PMCID: PMC10933227 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-023-05777-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Fruit ripening is an unfolding of a series of genetically-programmed modifications and tend to be highly orchestrated irrevocable phenomenon mediated by ethylene. Phytohormone ethylene also leads to over-ripening, senescence, loss of texture, microbial attack, reduced post-harvest life and other associated problems during storage and transportation of fruits. Its harmful impacts on fresh fruits, vegetables, and ornamentals result in substantial product losses even up to 80%. Curbing of this inevitable menace is therefore need of the hour. Accrual of ethylene in packaging system should fundamentally be ducked to extend the shelf-life and uphold an adequate superiority of perishables in visual and organoleptic terms. The current review discusses about properties, factors affecting and impact of ethylene, intimidation of its impact at gene vis-à-vis activity level using gene-modification/inhibition techniques, chemical/physical in conjunction with other suitable approaches. It also entails the most commercially cultivated approaches worldwide viz. KMnO4-based oxidation together with adsorption-based scrubbing of ethylene in thorough details. Future ethylene removal strategies should focus on systematic evaluation of KMnO4-based scavenging, exploring the mechanism of adsorption, adsorbent(s) behavior in the presence of other gases and their partial pressures, volatiles, temperature, relative humidity, development of hydrophobic adsorbents to turn-up under high RH, regeneration of adsorbent by desorption, improvement in photocatalytic oxidation etc. and further improvements thereof. Graphical abstract Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13197-023-05777-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar
- Division of Quality and Basic Science, ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Agrasain Marg, PO Box-158, Karnal, 132001 India
| | - Ramesh Kumar
- ICAR-Central Institute of Post-Harvest Engineering and Technology, Abohar, 152116 India
| | - Bhushan R. Bibwe
- ICAR-Directorate of Oilseed and Garlic Research, Pune, 410505 India
| | - Prerna Nath
- ICAR-RCER, Research Center, Ranchi, 834010 India
| | - Rajesh K. Singh
- ICAR-Central Institute of Post-Harvest Engineering and Technology, Ludhiana, 141004 India
| | | | - Ajay Pal
- CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, 125004 India
| | - Ramesh Soni
- Government National College, Sirsa, 125055 India
| | - Anuj Kumar
- Division of Quality and Basic Science, ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Agrasain Marg, PO Box-158, Karnal, 132001 India
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Liu W, Chen Z, Jiang S, Wang Y, Fang H, Zhang Z, Chen X, Wang N. Research Progress on Genetic Basis of Fruit Quality Traits in Apple ( Malus × domestica). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:918202. [PMID: 35909724 PMCID: PMC9330611 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.918202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Identifying the genetic variation characteristics of phenotypic traits is important for fruit tree breeding. During the long-term evolution of fruit trees, gene recombination and natural mutation have resulted in a high degree of heterozygosity. Apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) shows strong ecological adaptability and is widely cultivated, and is among the most economically important fruit crops worldwide. However, the high level of heterozygosity and large genome of apple, in combination with its perennial life history and long juvenile phase, complicate investigation of the genetic basis of fruit quality traits. With continuing augmentation in the apple genomic resources available, in recent years important progress has been achieved in research on the genetic variation of fruit quality traits. This review focuses on summarizing recent genetic studies on apple fruit quality traits, including appearance, flavor, nutritional, ripening, and storage qualities. In addition, we discuss the mapping of quantitative trait loci, screening of molecular markers, and mining of major genes associated with fruit quality traits. The overall aim of this review is to provide valuable insights into the mechanisms of genetic variation and molecular breeding of important fruit quality traits in apple.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, Tai’an, China
| | - Zijing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, Tai’an, China
| | - Shenghui Jiang
- Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yicheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongcheng Fang
- State Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Silviculture in Downstream Areas of the Yellow River, College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Zongying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, Tai’an, China
| | - Xuesen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, Tai’an, China
| | - Nan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, Tai’an, China
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Cocetta G, Natalini A. Ethylene: Management and breeding for postharvest quality in vegetable crops. A review. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:968315. [PMID: 36452083 PMCID: PMC9702508 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.968315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Ethylene is a two-carbon gaseous plant growth regulator that involved in several important physiological events, including growth, development, ripening and senescence of fruits, vegetables, and ornamental crops. The hormone accelerates ripening of ethylene sensitive fruits, leafy greens and vegetables at micromolar concentrations, and its accumulation can led to fruit decay and waste during the postharvest stage. Several strategies of crops management and techniques of plant breeding have been attempted in the last decades to understand ethylene regulation pathways and ethylene-dependent biochemical and physiological processes, with the final aim to extend the produce shelf-life and improve the postharvest quality of fruits and vegetables. These investigation approaches involve the use of conventional and new breeding techniques, including precise genome-editing. This review paper aims to provide a relevant overview on the state of the art related to the use of modern breeding techniques focused on ethylene and ethylene-related metabolism, as well as on the possible postharvest technological applications for the postharvest management of ethylene-sensitive crops. An updated view and perspective on the implications of new breeding and management strategies to maintain the quality and the marketability of different crops during postharvest are given, with particular focus on: postharvest physiology (ethylene dependent) for mature and immature fruits and vegetables; postharvest quality management of vegetables: fresh and fresh cut products, focusing on the most important ethylene-dependent biochemical pathways; evolution of breeding technologies for facing old and new challenges in postharvest quality of vegetable crops: from conventional breeding and marker assisted selection to new breeding technologies focusing on transgenesis and gene editing. Examples of applied breeding techniques for model plants (tomato, zucchini and brocccoli) are given to elucidate ethylene metabolism, as well as beneficial and detrimental ethylene effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Cocetta
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandro Natalini
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics – Research Centre for Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Monsampolo del Tronto, Italy
- *Correspondence: Alessandro Natalini,
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Wang Z, Wang B, Jin W. Experimental investigation on decomposition of ethylene by ozone: Harmful product, food safety, and control strategy. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.15861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Refrigeration Technology Tianjin University of Commerce Tianjin China
| | - Bo Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Refrigeration Technology Tianjin University of Commerce Tianjin China
| | - Wufeng Jin
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Refrigeration Technology Tianjin University of Commerce Tianjin China
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Synthesis of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and its application in food packaging: A critical review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Protein Phosphatases Type 2C Group A Interact with and Regulate the Stability of ACC Synthase 7 in Arabidopsis. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040978. [PMID: 32326656 PMCID: PMC7227406 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ethylene is an important plant hormone that controls growth, development, aging and stress responses. The rate-limiting enzymes in ethylene biosynthesis, the 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthases (ACSs), are strictly regulated at many levels, including posttranslational control of protein half-life. Reversible phosphorylation/dephosphorylation events play a pivotal role as signals for ubiquitin-dependent degradation. We showed previously that ABI1, a group A protein phosphatase type 2C (PP2C) and a key negative regulator of abscisic acid signaling regulates type I ACS stability. Here we provide evidence that ABI1 also contributes to the regulation of ethylene biosynthesis via ACS7, a type III ACS without known regulatory domains. Using various approaches, we show that ACS7 interacts with ABI1, ABI2 and HAB1. We use molecular modeling to predict the amino acid residues involved in ABI1/ACS7 complex formation and confirm these predictions by mcBiFC–FRET–FLIM analysis. Using a cell-free degradation assay, we show that proteasomal degradation of ACS7 is delayed in protein extracts prepared from PP2C type A knockout plants, compared to a wild-type extract. This study therefore shows that ACS7 undergoes complex regulation governed by ABI1, ABI2 and HAB1. Furthermore, this suggests that ACS7, together with PP2Cs, plays an essential role in maintaining appropriate levels of ethylene in Arabidopsis.
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Sadeghi K, Lee Y, Seo J. Ethylene Scavenging Systems in Packaging of Fresh Produce: A Review. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2019.1695836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kambiz Sadeghi
- Department of Packaging, Yonsei University, Wonju-si, South Korea
| | - Younsuk Lee
- Department of Packaging, Yonsei University, Wonju-si, South Korea
| | - Jongchul Seo
- Department of Packaging, Yonsei University, Wonju-si, South Korea
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8
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Construction of Bi2WO6–TiO2/starch nanocomposite films for visible-light catalytic degradation of ethylene. Food Hydrocoll 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2018.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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9
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Polyamines in conventional and organic vegetables exposed to exogenous ethylene. Food Chem 2015; 188:218-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.04.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2014] [Revised: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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10
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Ibarra-Laclette E, Méndez-Bravo A, Pérez-Torres CA, Albert VA, Mockaitis K, Kilaru A, López-Gómez R, Cervantes-Luevano JI, Herrera-Estrella L. Deep sequencing of the Mexican avocado transcriptome, an ancient angiosperm with a high content of fatty acids. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:599. [PMID: 26268848 PMCID: PMC4533766 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1775-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Avocado (Persea americana) is an economically important tropical fruit considered to be a good source of fatty acids. Despite its importance, the molecular and cellular characterization of biochemical and developmental processes in avocado is limited due to the lack of transcriptome and genomic information. RESULTS The transcriptomes of seeds, roots, stems, leaves, aerial buds and flowers were determined using different sequencing platforms. Additionally, the transcriptomes of three different stages of fruit ripening (pre-climacteric, climacteric and post-climacteric) were also analyzed. The analysis of the RNAseqatlas presented here reveals strong differences in gene expression patterns between different organs, especially between root and flower, but also reveals similarities among the gene expression patterns in other organs, such as stem, leaves and aerial buds (vegetative organs) or seed and fruit (storage organs). Important regulators, functional categories, and differentially expressed genes involved in avocado fruit ripening were identified. Additionally, to demonstrate the utility of the avocado gene expression atlas, we investigated the expression patterns of genes implicated in fatty acid metabolism and fruit ripening. CONCLUSIONS A description of transcriptomic changes occurring during fruit ripening was obtained in Mexican avocado, contributing to a dynamic view of the expression patterns of genes involved in fatty acid biosynthesis and the fruit ripening process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Ibarra-Laclette
- Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad-Langebio/Unidad de Genómica Avanzada UGA, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del IPN, 36500, Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico.,Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología A.C., 91070, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Alfonso Méndez-Bravo
- Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad-Langebio/Unidad de Genómica Avanzada UGA, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del IPN, 36500, Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico.,Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología A.C., 91070, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Claudia Anahí Pérez-Torres
- Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad-Langebio/Unidad de Genómica Avanzada UGA, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del IPN, 36500, Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico.,Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología A.C., 91070, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico.,Investigador Cátedra CONACyT en el Instituto de Ecología A.C., Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Victor A Albert
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Keithanne Mockaitis
- Department of Biology and Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Aruna Kilaru
- Department of Biological Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, 37614, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, 37614, USA
| | - Rodolfo López-Gómez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas (IIQB), Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, 58030, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Jacob Israel Cervantes-Luevano
- Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad-Langebio/Unidad de Genómica Avanzada UGA, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del IPN, 36500, Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Luis Herrera-Estrella
- Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad-Langebio/Unidad de Genómica Avanzada UGA, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del IPN, 36500, Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico.
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Keller N, Ducamp MN, Robert D, Keller V. Ethylene Removal and Fresh Product Storage: A Challenge at the Frontiers of Chemistry. Toward an Approach by Photocatalytic Oxidation. Chem Rev 2013; 113:5029-70. [DOI: 10.1021/cr900398v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Keller
- Institut de Chimie et Procédés
pour l’Energie, l’Environnement et la Santé (ICPEES),
CNRS, Strasbourg University, 25 rue Becquerel
67087, Strasbourg, France
| | - Marie-Noëlle Ducamp
- UMR 95 QUALISUD, CIRAD, TA B 95/16, 73
Bd Jean-François Breton,
34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Didier Robert
- Saint-Avold Antenna, Institut
de Chimie et Procédés pour l’Energie, l’Environnement
et la Santé (ICPEES), CNRS, Strasbourg University, Université de Lorraine, rue Victor Demange 57500
Saint-Avold, France
| | - Valérie Keller
- Institut de Chimie et Procédés
pour l’Energie, l’Environnement et la Santé (ICPEES),
CNRS, Strasbourg University, 25 rue Becquerel
67087, Strasbourg, France
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12
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Hurr BM, Huber DJ, Vallejos CE, Lee E, Sargent SA. Ethylene-induced overproduction of reactive oxygen species is responsible for the development of watersoaking in immature cucumber fruit. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 170:56-62. [PMID: 22999588 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2012.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 08/23/2012] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Watersoaking is an ethylene-induced disorder observed in some members of the Cucurbitaceae including cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), watermelon (Citrullus lanatus Thunb. Matsum and Nakai), and tropical pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Duch.). Previous studies have found that immature beit-alpha cucumber (cv. Manar) exhibit watersoaking after 6d of continuous exposure to 10 μLL(-1) ethylene in air (21 kPa O(2)). The present study was designed to investigate the early dynamics of ethylene responses in immature cucumber fruit in order to provide insight into the watersoaking triggering mechanism. Changes in respiration, epidermal color, firmness, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and electrolyte leakage were evaluated as a function of time under different ethylene concentrations and exposure duration. Ethylene concentrations exceeding 10 μLL(-1) did not accelerate changes in any of the evaluated responses. The first detectable change was a significant rise in respiration on day 2, followed by a significant rise in ROS on day 4, and significant degreening, mesocap softening, and increased electrolyte leakage on day 6; the latter responses coincident with incipient watersoaking. Varying the duration of exposure to ethylene indicated that the critical exposure time is between 2 and 4d. Notably, all deleterious responses to ethylene were suppressed under a hypoxic atmosphere. A model is proposed in which ethylene induces a sharp increase in respiration with a concomitant sharp rise in ROS, which the immature fruit is incapable of quenching. The resulting production of excess ROS leads to discoloration and membrane deterioration, leading to the release of cytoplasmic content, rapid softening, and the visual symptom of watersoaking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon M Hurr
- Horticultural Sciences Department, PO Box 110690, University of Florida IFAS, Gainesville, FL 32611-0690, USA.
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13
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Iqbal N, Masood A, Khan MIR, Asgher M, Fatma M, Khan NA. Cross-talk between sulfur assimilation and ethylene signaling in plants. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2013; 8:e22478. [PMID: 23104111 PMCID: PMC3745555 DOI: 10.4161/psb.22478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 10/08/2012] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur (S) deficiency is prevailing all over the world and becoming an important issue for crop improvement through maximising its utilization efficiency by plants for sustainable agriculture. Its interaction with other regulatory molecules in plants is necessary to improve our understanding on its role under changing environment. Our knowledge on the influence of S on ethylene signaling is meagre although it is a constituent of cysteine (Cys) required for the synthesis of reduced glutathione (GSH) and S-adenosyl methionine (SAM), a precursor of ethylene biosynthesis. Thus, there may be an interaction between S assimilation, ethylene signaling and plant responses under optimal and stressful environmental conditions. The present review emphasizes that responses of plants to S involve ethylene action. This evaluation will provide an insight into the details of interactive role of S and ethylene signaling in regulating plant processes and prove profitable for developing sustainability under changing environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noushina Iqbal
- Department of Botany; Aligarh Muslim University; Aligarh, India
| | - Asim Masood
- Department of Botany; Aligarh Muslim University; Aligarh, India
| | | | - Mohd Asgher
- Department of Botany; Aligarh Muslim University; Aligarh, India
| | - Mehar Fatma
- Department of Botany; Aligarh Muslim University; Aligarh, India
| | - Nafees A. Khan
- Department of Botany; Aligarh Muslim University; Aligarh, India
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14
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Lin L, Tan RX. Cross-kingdom actions of phytohormones: a functional scaffold exploration. Chem Rev 2011; 111:2734-60. [PMID: 21250668 DOI: 10.1021/cr100061j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lan Lin
- Institute of Functional Biomolecules, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
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Yuan S, Wang Y, Dean JFD. ACC oxidase genes expressed in the wood-forming tissues of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) include a pair of nearly identical paralogs (NIPs). Gene 2010; 453:24-36. [PMID: 20053371 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2009.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2009] [Revised: 12/11/2009] [Accepted: 12/18/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) oxidase catalyzes the final reaction of the ethylene biosynthetic pathway, converting the unusual cyclic amino acid, ACC, into ethylene. Past studies have shown a possible link between ethylene and compression wood formation in conifers, but the relationship has received no more than modest study at the gene expression level. In this study, a cDNA clone encoding a putative ACC oxidase, PtACO1, was isolated from a cDNA library produced using mRNA from lignifying xylem of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) trunk wood. The cDNA clone comprised an open reading frame of 1461 bp encoding a protein of 333 amino acids. Using PCR amplification techniques, a genomic clone corresponding to PtACO1 was isolated and shown to contain three introns with typical GT/AG boundaries defining the splice junctions. The PtACO1 gene product shared 70% identity with an ACC oxidase from European white birch (Betula pendula), and phylogenetic analyses clearly placed the gene product in the ACC oxidase cluster of the Arabidopsis thaliana 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase superfamily tree. The PtACO1 sequence was used to identify additional ACC oxidase clones from loblolly pine root cDNA libraries characterized as part of an expressed sequence tag (EST) discovery project. The PtACO1 sequence was also used to recover additional paralogous sequences from genomic DNA, one of which (PtACO2) turned out to be >98% identical to PtACO1 in the nucleotide coding sequence, leading to its classification as a "nearly identical paralog" (NIP). Quantitative PCR analyses showed that the expression level of PtACO1-like transcripts varied in different tissues, as well as in response to hormonal treatments and bending. Possible roles for PtACO1 in compression wood formation in loblolly pine and the discovery of its NIP are discussed in light of these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Yuan
- University of Georgia, Athens, 30602, USA
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17
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KARMAWAN LISTYAUTAMI, SUHANDONO SONY, DWIVANY FENNYMARTHA. Isolation of MA-ACS Gene Family and Expression Study of MA-ACS1 Gene in Musa acuminata Cultivar Pisang Ambon Lumut. HAYATI JOURNAL OF BIOSCIENCES 2009. [DOI: 10.4308/hjb.16.1.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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18
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Swarup R, Perry P, Hagenbeek D, Van Der Straeten D, Beemster GTS, Sandberg G, Bhalerao R, Ljung K, Bennett MJ. Ethylene upregulates auxin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis seedlings to enhance inhibition of root cell elongation. THE PLANT CELL 2007; 19:2186-96. [PMID: 17630275 PMCID: PMC1955695 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.107.052100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 400] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Ethylene represents an important regulatory signal for root development. Genetic studies in Arabidopsis thaliana have demonstrated that ethylene inhibition of root growth involves another hormone signal, auxin. This study investigated why auxin was required by ethylene to regulate root growth. We initially observed that ethylene positively controls auxin biosynthesis in the root apex. We subsequently demonstrated that ethylene-regulated root growth is dependent on (1) the transport of auxin from the root apex via the lateral root cap and (2) auxin responses occurring in multiple elongation zone tissues. Detailed growth studies revealed that the ability of the ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid to inhibit root cell elongation was significantly enhanced in the presence of auxin. We conclude that by upregulating auxin biosynthesis, ethylene facilitates its ability to inhibit root cell expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjan Swarup
- School of Biosciences and Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, University of Nottingham, LE12 5RD Nottingham, United Kingdom
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