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Soldi KC, Londero JEL, Schavinski CR, Schuch AP. Genotoxicity of surface waters in Brazil. MUTATION RESEARCH. GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2023; 888:503638. [PMID: 37188436 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2023.503638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Brazil has abundant surface water resources, huge aquatic biodiversity and is home to 213 million people. Genotoxicity assays are sensitive tools to detect the effects of contaminants in surface waters and wastewaters, as well as to determine potential risks of contaminated waters to aquatic organisms and human health. This work aimed to survey the articles published in 2000-2021 that evaluated the genotoxicity of surface waters within Brazilian territory to unveil the profile and trends of this topic over time. In our searches, we considered articles focused on assessing aquatic biota, articles that conducted experiments with caged organisms or standardized tests in the aquatic sites, as well as articles that transported water or sediment samples from aquatic sites to the laboratory, where exposures were performed with organisms or standardized tests. We retrieved geographical information on the aquatic sites evaluated, the genotoxicity assays used, the percentage of genotoxicity detected, and, when possible, the causative agent of aquatic pollution. A total of 248 articles were identified. There was a trend of increase in the number of publications and annual diversity of hydrographic regions evaluated over time. Most articles focused on rivers from large metropolises. A very low number of articles were conducted on coastal and marine ecosystems. Water genotoxicity was detected in most articles, regardless of methodological approach, even in little-studied hydrographic regions. The micronucleus test and the alkaline comet assay were widely applied with blood samples, mainly derived from fish. Allium and Salmonella tests were the most frequently used standard protocols. Despite most articles did not confirm polluting sources and genotoxic agents, the detection of genotoxicity provides useful information for the management of water pollution. We discuss key points to be assessed to reach a more complete picture of the genotoxicity of surface waters in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Costa Soldi
- Post-Graduation Program in Animal Biodiversity, Department of Ecology and Evolution, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - James Eduardo Lago Londero
- Post-Graduation Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Cassiano Ricardo Schavinski
- Post-Graduation Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - André Passaglia Schuch
- Post-Graduation Program in Animal Biodiversity, Department of Ecology and Evolution, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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2
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Dos Santos Mendonça JM, Navoni JA, de Medeiros GF, Mina IMCAP. Ecotoxicological assessment of estuarine surface waters receiving treated and untreated sanitary wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 194:908. [PMID: 36253654 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10636-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Pollution from sewage discharge is one of the most critical environmental problems worldwide, e.g., in Brazil, where basic sanitation is still scarce. As pollution can affect biomes, especially estuaries where intensive ecological and human activities occur, has caused widespread concern. This work aimed to study the water quality of the Jundiaí/Potengi Estuary (JPE) in an area close to the discharge of treated and untreated wastewater for 18 months. Physicochemical and microbiological parameters were measured and integrated using the Water Quality Index of the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment. Ecotoxicological tests were performed with Brazilian endemic organisms to assess the impact of water pollution on biota. A generalized linear regression model was applied to understand the effects of water quality on ecotoxicological responses. Concentrations of metals, dissolved oxygen, total ammonia nitrogen, nitrate, and thermotolerant coliforms did not comply with Brazilian environmental regulations. A significant increase in the mortality rate of Mysidopsis juniae and Nitocra sp. and a significant decrease in the reproductive rate of Nitocra sp. indicated the most affected areas related to the discharge of treated and untreated wastewater. Only 10% of the samples from sites without direct wastewater impact showed a toxic response in at least one organism. Both water quality and sampling sites were statistical predictors of ecotoxicological response, describing not only the pollutant load but also the type of effluent. This study demonstrated the degradation of the environmental quality of the JPE, particularly due to the discharge of sanitary wastewater, and highlights the importance of protection and remediation measures to preserve this protected area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaísa Marília Dos Santos Mendonça
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Rio Grande do Norte - IFRN, Av. Senador Salgado Filho, 1559, RN 59015-000, Natal, Brazil.
| | - Julio Alejandro Navoni
- Postgraduate Program in Development and Environment at the, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Sustainable Use of Natural Resources at the, Federal Institute of Rio Grande Do Norte, IFRN, Natal, Brazil
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Vieira C, Marcon C, Droste A. Phytotoxic and cytogenotoxic assessment of glyphosate on Lactuca sativa L. BRAZ J BIOL 2022; 84:e257039. [PMID: 35293479 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.257039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The active ingredient glyphosate is the most commercialized herbicide on the world market due to its capability in eliminating weeds. However, it can harm the development of non-target organisms and threaten environmental quality. This study analyzed the effects of potentially toxic concentrations of glyphosate on germination, growth, cell cycle and genomic stability of Lactuca sativa L., and identified the most sensitive variables for assessing the toxicity of this herbicide to this biomonitor. Seeds of L. sativa were germinated in Petri dishes containing a sheet of filter paper moistened with 5 mL of a concentration of glyphosate (1.34, 3.35, 6.70, 10.05, 13.40 mg L-1). Controls consisted of distilled water (negative) and 3 mg L-1 CuSO4 (positive). Macroscopic and microscopic variables were analyzed. The germination of L. sativa was not affected by the concentrations of glyphosate. Root length and shoot height of the plants and the mitotic index decreased from the lowest concentration tested on. The chromosomal anomaly index and frequency of micronuclei increased by 3.2 and 22 times, respectively, with the presence of the lowest concentration of glyphosate compared to the negative control. The observed phytotoxic and cytogenotoxic effects demonstrate the negative influence that glyphosate has on the development of L. sativa. Root length and microscopic variables showed the highest sensitivity. This study warns of the possible harmful effects that glyphosate can have on non-target organisms and suggests greater control over the use of this herbicide to mitigate its environmental impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Vieira
- Universidade Feevale, Programa de Pós-graduação em Qualidade Ambiental, Laboratório de Biotecnologia Vegetal, Novo Hamburgo, RS, Brasil
| | - C Marcon
- Universidade Feevale, Programa de Pós-graduação em Qualidade Ambiental, Laboratório de Biotecnologia Vegetal, Novo Hamburgo, RS, Brasil
| | - A Droste
- Universidade Feevale, Programa de Pós-graduação em Qualidade Ambiental, Laboratório de Biotecnologia Vegetal, Novo Hamburgo, RS, Brasil
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4
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Campos CF, Morelli S, De Campos Júnior EO, Santos VSV, De Morais CR, Cunha MC, Souto HN, Pavanin LA, Bonetti AM, Pereira BB. Assessment of the genotoxic potential of water courses impacted by wastewater treatment effluents using micronucleus assay in plants from the specie s Tradescantia. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2019; 82:752-759. [PMID: 31362592 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2019.1648345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Water pollution and the increase in genotoxic consequences in aquatic environments are well documented indicating the necessity and importance of biomonitoring programs. The objective of the present study was to determine the environmental quality of water resources and genotoxic potential of materials present within water samples obtained from the Perdizes River and the Mumbuca Stream, located in a region of discharge of wastewater treatment effluents using Tradescantia micronucleus assay (Trad - MCN). Water samples were collected from different locations up and downstream of the wastewater treatment plant during rainy season and subsequently submitted to physico-chemical analysis and Trad-MCN bioassay. The spatial distribution of the physico-chemical parameters assessed suggested that discharges of wastewater treatment effluents reduced water quality at all sites examined. Further, exposure to wastewater treatment effluents produced genotoxic effects on tetrads of Tradescantia pallida. These results reinforce the sensitivity of the Trad-MCN bioassay and its potential application in water quality monitoring programs concomitant with physicochemical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Fernando Campos
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Uberlândia, Institute of Biotechnology , Uberlândia , Minas Gerais , Brazil
| | - Sandra Morelli
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Uberlândia, Institute of Biotechnology , Uberlândia , Minas Gerais , Brazil
| | | | - Vanessa Santana Vieira Santos
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Uberlândia, Institute of Biotechnology , Uberlândia , Minas Gerais , Brazil
| | - Cássio Resende De Morais
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Uberlândia, Institute of Biotechnology , Uberlândia , Minas Gerais , Brazil
| | - Matheus Campos Cunha
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Uberlândia, Institute of Biotechnology , Uberlândia , Minas Gerais , Brazil
| | - Henrique Nazareth Souto
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Uberlândia, Institute of Biotechnology , Uberlândia , Minas Gerais , Brazil
| | - Luiz Alfredo Pavanin
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Institute of Chemistry , Uberlândia , Minas Gerais , Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Bonetti
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Uberlândia, Institute of Biotechnology , Uberlândia , Minas Gerais , Brazil
| | - Boscolli Barbosa Pereira
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Uberlândia, Institute of Biotechnology , Uberlândia , Minas Gerais , Brazil
- Department of Environmental Health, Federal University of Uberlândia, Institute of Geography , Uberlândia , Minas Gerais , Brazil
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Aghajanyan EA, Avalyan RE, Simonyan AE, Atoyants AL, Gabrielyan BK, Aroutiounian RM, Khosrovyan A. Clastogenecity evaluation of water of Lake Sevan (Armenia) using Tradescantia micronucleus assay. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 209:1-6. [PMID: 29908428 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.05.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The clastogenic effects of water samples in seven locations of Lake Sevan (Armenia) with the application of Trad-MCN (micronuclei) bioassay using Tradescantia (clone 02) were investigated. A significant increase in the frequency of micronuclei in tetrads of pollen microspores and tetrads with micronuclei exposed to the test samples compared to the control has been revealed. A multivariate analysis indicated linkage between the frequencies of occurrence of micronuclei in the cells and Ni and Co ions. The results were compared with the endpoints of another Tradescantia-based test system (stamen hair mutation test) performed on the same water samples and generation of the plant: occurrences of micronuclei in sporogenic cells coincided with that of non-surviving stamen hair.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Aghajanyan
- Laboratory of General and Molecular Genetics, RI "Biology", Faculty of Biology Yerevan State University, 8, Charents Str, 0025 Yerevan, Armenia.
| | - R E Avalyan
- Laboratory of General and Molecular Genetics, RI "Biology", Faculty of Biology Yerevan State University, 8, Charents Str, 0025 Yerevan, Armenia.
| | - A E Simonyan
- Laboratory of General and Molecular Genetics, RI "Biology", Faculty of Biology Yerevan State University, 8, Charents Str, 0025 Yerevan, Armenia.
| | - A L Atoyants
- Laboratory of General and Molecular Genetics, RI "Biology", Faculty of Biology Yerevan State University, 8, Charents Str, 0025 Yerevan, Armenia.
| | - B K Gabrielyan
- Scientific Center of Zoology and Hydroecology, National Academy of Sciences of Armenia, 7 Paruyr Sevak, 0014, Yerevan, Armenia.
| | - R M Aroutiounian
- Laboratory of General and Molecular Genetics, RI "Biology", Faculty of Biology Yerevan State University, 8, Charents Str, 0025 Yerevan, Armenia.
| | - A Khosrovyan
- UNESCO UNITWIN/WiCop, Physical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cadiz, Polígono Río San Pedro S/n, Puerto Real 11510, Cádiz, Spain.
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Kadimisetty K, Malla S, Rusling JF. Automated 3-D Printed Arrays to Evaluate Genotoxic Chemistry: E-Cigarettes and Water Samples. ACS Sens 2017; 2:670-678. [PMID: 28723166 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.7b00118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A novel, automated, low cost, three-dimensional (3-D) printed microfluidic array was developed to detect DNA damage from metabolites of chemicals in environmental samples. The electrochemiluminescent (ECL) detection platform incorporates layer-by-layer (LbL) assembled films of microsomal enzymes, DNA and an ECL-emitting ruthenium metallopolymer in ∼10 nm deep microwells. Liquid samples are introduced into the array, metabolized by the human enzymes, products react with DNA if possible, and DNA damage is detected by ECL with a camera. Measurements of relative DNA damage by the array assess the genotoxic potential of the samples. The array analyzes three samples simultaneously in 5 min. Measurement of cigarette and e-cigarette smoke extracts and polluted water samples was used to establish proof of concept. Potentially genotoxic reactions from e-cigarette vapor similar to smoke from conventional cigarettes were demonstrated. Untreated wastewater showed a high genotoxic potential compared to negligible values for treated wastewater from a pollution control treatment plant. Reactivity of chemicals known to produce high rates of metabolite-related DNA damage were measured, and array results for environmental samples were expressed in terms of equivalent responses from these standards to assess severity of possible DNA damage. Genotoxic assessment of wastewater samples during processing also highlighted future on-site monitoring applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karteek Kadimisetty
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Spundana Malla
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - James F. Rusling
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
- Institute of Material Science, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
- Department
of Surgery and Neag Cancer Center, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut 06032, United States
- School
of Chemistry, National University of Ireland at Galway, Galaway, Ireland
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7
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Cassanego MBB, Droste A. Assessing the spatial pattern of a river water quality in southern Brazil by multivariate analysis of biological and chemical indicators. BRAZ J BIOL 2017; 77:118-126. [DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.11215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract This study assessed the genotoxicity and chemical quality of the Rio dos Sinos, southern Brazil. During two years, bimonthly, cuttings of Tradescantia pallida var. purpurea with flower buds were exposed to river water samples from Caraá, Santo Antônio da Patrulha, Taquara and Campo Bom, which are municipalities located in the upper, middle and lower stretches of the Rio dos Sinos basin. Simultaneously, chemical parameters were analyzed, rainfall data were surveyed and negative (distilled water) and positive (0.1% formaldehyde) controls were made. Micronuclei (MCN) frequencies were determined in tetrads of pollen grain mother cells. From the upper stretch toward the lower, there was an increase in the frequency of MCN and in concentrations of chemical parameters. Cadmium, lead, copper, total chromium and zinc were present at the four sites and a concentration gradient was not demonstrated along the river. The multivariate analysis revealed that two principal components exist, which accounted for 62.3% of the observed variances. Although genotoxicity was observed in Santo Antônio da Patrulha, the water presented higher mean values for most of the assessed parameters, in the lower stretch, where urbanization and industrialization are greater. The spatial and temporal pattern of water quality observed reinforces the importance of considering the environmental factors and their effects on organisms in an integrated way in watercourse monitoring programs.
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Al-Saleh I, Elkhatib R, Al-Rajoudi T, Al-Qudaihi G. Assessing the concentration of phthalate esters (PAEs) and bisphenol A (BPA) and the genotoxic potential of treated wastewater (final effluent) in Saudi Arabia. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 578:440-451. [PMID: 27836348 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.10.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Plasticizers such as phthalate esters (PAEs) and bisphenol A (BPA) are highly persistent organic pollutants that tend to bio-accumulate in humans through the soil-plant-animal food chain. Some studies have reported the potential carcinogenic and teratogenic effects in addition to their estrogenic activities. Water resources are scarce in Saudi Arabia, and several wastewater treatment plants (WTPs) have been constructed for agricultural and industrial use. This study was designed to: (1) measure the concentrations of BPA and six PAEs, dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP), bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and dioctyl phthalate (DOP), in secondary- and tertiary-treated wastewater collected from five WTPs in three Saudi cities for four to five weeks and (2) test their potential genotoxicity. Three genotoxicological parameters were used: % tail DNA (%T), tail moment (TM) and percentage micronuclei (%MN). Both DBP and DEHP were detected in all treated wastewater samples. DMP, DEP, BBP, DOP, and BPA were found in 83.3, 84.2, 79, 73.7 and 97.4% of the samples, respectively. The levels of DMP (p<0.001), DOP (p<0.001) and BPA (p=0.001) were higher in tertiary- treated wastewater than secondary-treated wastewater, perhaps due to the influence of the molecular weight and polarity of the chemicals. Both weekly sampling frequency and WTP locations significantly affected the variability in our data. Treated wastewater from Wadi Al-Araj was able to induce DNA damage (%T and TM) in human lymphoblastoid TK6 cells that was statistically higher than wastewater from all other WTPs and in untreated TK6 cells (negative control). %MN in samples from both Wadi Al-Araj and Manfouah did not differ statistically but was significantly higher than in the untreated TK6 cells. This study also showed that the samples of tertiary-treated wastewater had a higher genotoxicological potential to induce DNA damage than the samples of secondary-treated wastewater. BPA and some PAEs in the treated wastewater might have the potential to induce genetic damage, despite their low levels. Genotoxicity, however, may also have been due to the presence of other contaminants. Our preliminary findings should be of concern to Saudi agriculture because long-term irrigation with treated wastewater could lead to the accumulation of PAEs and BPA in the soil and ultimately reach the human and animal food chain. WTPs need to remove pollutants more efficiently. Until then, a cautious use of treated wastewater for irrigation is recommended to avoid serious health impacts on local populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Al-Saleh
- Environmental Health Program, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, PO Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Rola Elkhatib
- Environmental Health Program, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, PO Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tahreer Al-Rajoudi
- Environmental Health Program, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, PO Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghofran Al-Qudaihi
- Environmental Health Program, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, PO Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
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Bonomo MM, Morozesk M, Duarte ID, Rocha LD, Fernandes MN, Matsumoto ST. Sewage sludge hazardous assessment: chemical evaluation and cytological effects in CHO-k1 cells. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:11069-11075. [PMID: 26906003 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6201-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Application of sewage sludge in agricultural lands is a growing practice in several countries due to its numerous benefits to soil and crops, where chemical and pathogen levels are determined by corresponding legislation. However, the presence of contaminants in residues must always be controlled before application due to their dangerous effects over the ecosystem and potential risks to human health. The main objective of this study was to integrate biological and chemical analysis in order to help elucidating the residue potential toxic, cytotoxic, and mutagenic effects. We evaluate samples of sewage sludge before and after the sanitizing treatment with lime in cytokinesis-block assay using CHO-k1 culture cells. The sanitizing treatment promoted a decrease in pathogen levels, which is the main purpose of this process. Even with chemical levels below the established by environmental agencies, results showed sewage sludge ability to enhance genotoxic and mutagenic effects, proving that residue should be handled with caution in order to minimize its environmental and human risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Bonomo
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), CEP 29075-910, Av. Fernando Ferrari, n 514, Vitoria, Espirito Santo, Brazil
| | - M Morozesk
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), CEP 29075-910, Av. Fernando Ferrari, n 514, Vitoria, Espirito Santo, Brazil
| | - I D Duarte
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), CEP 29075-910, Av. Fernando Ferrari, n 514, Vitoria, Espirito Santo, Brazil
| | - L D Rocha
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), CEP 29075-910, Av. Fernando Ferrari, n 514, Vitoria, Espirito Santo, Brazil
| | - M N Fernandes
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), CEP 13565-905, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - S T Matsumoto
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), CEP 29075-910, Av. Fernando Ferrari, n 514, Vitoria, Espirito Santo, Brazil.
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Liu X, Tang L, Yang L, Zhang X, Wang L, Yu F, Liu Y, Chen Q, Liu D. Genotoxicity Evaluation of Irrigative Wastewater from Shijiazhuang City in China. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144729. [PMID: 26658348 PMCID: PMC4689561 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, the wastewater sample collected from the Dongming discharging river in Shijiazhuang city was analysed using both chemical analysis and biological assays including the Salmonella mutagenicity test, micronucleus test and single-cell gel electrophoresis. Chemical analysis of the sample was performed using gas chromatography mass spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The Salmonella mutagenicity test was performed on Salmonella typhimurium TA97, TA98, TA100 and TA102 strains with and without S9 mixture. The mice received the wastewater in natura through drinking water at concentrations of 25%, 50%, and 100%. One group of mice was exposed for 2 consecutive days, and the other group of mice was exposed for 15 consecutive days. To establish the levels of primary DNA damage, single-cell gel electrophoresis was performed on treated mouse liver cell. The concentrations of chromium and lead in the sample exceeded the national standard (GB20922-2007) by 0.78 and 0.43-fold, respectively. More than 30 organic compounds were detected, and some of the detected compounds were mutagens, carcinogens and environmental endocrine disrupters. A positive response for Salmonella typhimurium TA98 strain was observed. Mouse exposure via drinking water containing 50% and 100% of wastewater for 15 consecutive days caused a significant increase of MN frequencies in a dose-response manner. Mouse exposure via drinking water containing 50% and 100% of wastewater for 15 consecutive days caused a significant increase of the Olive tail moments in a dose-response manner. All the results indicated that the sample from the Dongming discharging river in Shijiazhuang city exhibited genotoxicity and might pose harmful effects on the local residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehui Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Zhongshan East Road 361, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China
| | - Longmei Tang
- Department of Epidemiology and Hygienic Statistics, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Zhongshan East Road 361, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China
| | - Lixue Yang
- Department of Physical and Chemical Inspection, Shijiazhuang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Likang Street 3, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei, China
| | - Xiaolin Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Hygienic Statistics, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Zhongshan East Road 361, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China
| | - Liqin Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Hygienic Statistics, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Zhongshan East Road 361, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China
| | - Fengxue Yu
- Division of gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Zhongshan East Road 361, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China
| | - Qing Chen
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of the Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Yanta West Road 76, Xi’an, 710061, Shanxi, China
| | - Dianwu Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Hygienic Statistics, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Zhongshan East Road 361, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China
- * E-mail:
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11
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Cassanego MBB, Sasamori MH, Petry CT, Droste A. Biomonitoring the genotoxic potential of the air on Tradescantia pallida var. purpurea under climatic conditions in the Sinos River basin, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. BRAZ J BIOL 2015; 75:S79-87. [PMID: 26628231 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.05514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study evaluated the genotoxic effects of the atmospheric air on Tradescantia pallida var. purpurea in urban areas with different intensities of vehicular traffic and in riparian forest fragments in the Sinos River Basin (Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil), considering the influence of climatic conditions prevailing in these environments. Bimonthly, from May 2012 to March 2013, cuttings with flower buds were exposed for 8 h in urban and riparian forest environments in the municipalities of Caraá, Taquara and Campo Bom in the upper, middle and lower sections, respectively, of the Sinos River Basin. Simultaneously, negative controls were made and climatic data were recorded. Micronuclei (MCN) frequencies were determined in young tetrads of pollen mother cells and expressed as MCN/100 tetrads. Significantly higher MCN frequencies were observed in buds exposed in urban and riparian forest environments in Taquara (up to 7.23 and 4.80, respectively) and Campo Bom (up to 4.90 and 4.23, respectively) than in buds exposed in Caraá (up to 2.90 and 2.50, respectively), in the majority of samplings, and in relation to the negative control (up to 1.93) in all months. Over the course of the period monitored, there were significant variations in MCN frequencies at all sampling points, with the exception of the urban environment in Caraá. For the urban environments, relation between the MCN frequency, vehicular traffic and mean temperature was observed. For the riparian forest fragments, there was no association between MCN frequency and climatic factors. Tradescantia pallida var. purpurea can be considered a useful tool to point out areas with increased atmospheric pollution, since the exposure of plants under severe climatic conditions is avoided to minimize their negative influence on the formation of micronuclei.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B B Cassanego
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Qualidade Ambiental, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, RS, Brazil
| | - M H Sasamori
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Vegetal, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, RS, Brazil
| | - C T Petry
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Vegetal, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, RS, Brazil
| | - A Droste
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Qualidade Ambiental, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, RS, Brazil
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12
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Kieling-Rubio MA, Benvenuti T, Costa GM, Petry CT, Rodrigues MAS, Schmitt JL, Droste A. Integrated Environmental Assessment of streams in the Sinos River basin in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. BRAZ J BIOL 2015; 75:105-13. [PMID: 26270222 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.1013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The deterioration of environmental quality in the Sinos River basin is directly associated with the impacts of intense industrialization and urbanization. An integrated environmental assessment (IEA) was conducted in July and September of 2012, in areas along the sources of the EstânciaVelha/Portão, Pampa and Schmidt streams using physical, chemical and biological methods. The water in the three sampling sites was not proper for human consumption, presented a low toxic contamination index (TCI) and mesotrophic characteristics. One site was included in Class 4, and two, in Class 3, according to current legislation. The rapid assessment protocol (RAP) indicated a natural environmental condition for habitat diversity and environmental impact in the three sites. The Tradescantia pallida (Rose) D.R. Hunt var. purpurea Boom biomarker showed water genotoxicity in two of the sites. The integrated diagnosis of water quality in these streams is fundamentally important to ensure the sustainable management of water resources and their multiple uses, as well to estimate their contribution to pollution in this river basin.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Kieling-Rubio
- Laboratório de Botânica, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, RS, BR
| | - T Benvenuti
- Laboratório LACOR/PPGE3M, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, BR
| | - G M Costa
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Vegetal, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, RS, BR
| | - C T Petry
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Vegetal, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, RS, BR
| | - M A S Rodrigues
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Qualidade Ambiental, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, RS, BR
| | - J L Schmitt
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Qualidade Ambiental, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, RS, BR
| | - A Droste
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Qualidade Ambiental, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, RS, BR
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13
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Endres Júnior D, Sasamori MH, Cassanego M, Droste A. Biomonitoring of water genotoxicity in a Conservation Unit in the Sinos River Basin, Southern Brazil, using the Tradescantia micronucleus bioassay. BRAZ J BIOL 2015; 75:91-7. [PMID: 26270220 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.0713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Tradescantia micronucleus (Trad-MCN) bioassay was used to investigate genotoxicity of water bodies in the Parque Municipal Henrique Luís Roessler (PMHLR), a conservation unit in the city of Novo Hamburgo, Southern Brazil, from November 2010 to October 2011. Every month, cuttings with young inflorescences of Tradescantia pallida var. purpurea were exposed for 24 hours to water collected at three sites in the park: (S1) head of the main stream; (S2) head of a secondary stream; (S3) a point past the junction of the two water bodies in which S1 and S2 were located. As a negative control, cuttings were exposed to distilled water for 24 h every quarter. Micronuclei (MCN) frequency was determined in young tetrads of pollen mother cells and described as MCN/100 tetrads. Rainfall data were also recorded. In nine months at S1 and S2, and in eleven months at S3, micronuclei frequencies were significantly higher than in quarterly controls, in which frequencies varied from 1.19 to 1.62. During sampling, no significant differences were found in MCN frequencies at S1, which ranged from 2.2 to 3.6. At the other sampling sites, there were significant differences between the months evaluated, and MCN frequencies ranged from 1.3 to 6.5 at S2 and from 2.3 to 5.2 at S3. There were no associations between rainfall and MCN frequencies at the three sampling sites. Tradescantia pallida var. purpurea confirmed genotoxicity in the water bodies of the PMHLR, even at the head of the streams, which suggests that actions should be promoted to control anthropogenic effects in the streams of this conservation unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Endres Júnior
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Vegetal, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, RS, BR
| | - M H Sasamori
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Vegetal, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, RS, BR
| | - Mbb Cassanego
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Vegetal, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, RS, BR
| | - A Droste
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Vegetal, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, RS, BR
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14
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Tan JBL, Yap WJ, Tan SY, Lim YY, Lee SM. Antioxidant Content, Antioxidant Activity, and Antibacterial Activity of Five Plants from the Commelinaceae Family. Antioxidants (Basel) 2014; 3:758-69. [PMID: 26785239 PMCID: PMC4665499 DOI: 10.3390/antiox3040758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Commelinaceae is a family of herbaceous flowering plants with many species used in ethnobotany, particularly in South America. However, thus far reports of their bioactivity are few and far between. The primary aim of this study was to quantify the antioxidant and antibacterial activity of five Commelinaceae methanolic leaf extracts. The antioxidant content was evaluated by the total phenolic content (TPC), total tannin content (TTC), and total flavonoid content (TFC) assays. The antioxidant activities measured were DPPH free radical scavenging (FRS), ferric reducing power (FRP), and ferrous ion chelating (FIC); of the five plants, the methanolic leaf extract of Tradescantia zebrina showed the highest antioxidant content and activity, and exhibited antibacterial activity against six species of Gram-positive and two species of Gram-negative bacteria in a range of 5-10 mg/mL based on the broth microdilution method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joash Ban Lee Tan
- School of Science, Monash University Sunway Campus, Bandar Sunway 46150, Malaysia.
| | - Wei Jin Yap
- School of Science, Monash University Sunway Campus, Bandar Sunway 46150, Malaysia.
| | - Shen Yeng Tan
- School of Science, Monash University Sunway Campus, Bandar Sunway 46150, Malaysia.
| | - Yau Yan Lim
- School of Science, Monash University Sunway Campus, Bandar Sunway 46150, Malaysia.
| | - Sui Mae Lee
- School of Science, Monash University Sunway Campus, Bandar Sunway 46150, Malaysia.
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15
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Mani V, Kadimisetty K, Malla S, Joshi AA, Rusling JF. Paper-based electrochemiluminescent screening for genotoxic activity in the environment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2013; 47:1937-44. [PMID: 23331021 PMCID: PMC3578158 DOI: 10.1021/es304426j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
A low cost, microfluidic paper electrochemical device (μPED) was fabricated using screen printing of electrodes and heat transfer of patterned wax paper onto filter paper. The μPED features films of a light-emitting ruthenium metallopolymer, microsomal metabolic enzymes, and DNA to detect potential genotoxic pollutant activity in environmental samples. Unlike conventional analytical methods that detect specific pollutant compounds, the μPED was designed to rapidly measure the presence of genotoxic equivalents in environmental samples with the signal related to benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) as a reference standard. The analytical end point is the detection of DNA damage from metabolites produced in the device using an electrochemiluminescence output measured with a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera. Proof-of-concept of this measurement was established for smoke, water, and food samples. The μPED provides a rapid screening tool for on-site environmental monitoring that specifically monitors the genotoxic reactivity of metabolites of toxic compounds present in the samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vigneshwaran Mani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA 06269
| | | | - Spundana Malla
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA 06269
| | - Amit A. Joshi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA 06269
| | - James F. Rusling
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA 06269
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA 06032
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland, Galway
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