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da Costa RO, Gadelha-Filho CVJ, de Aquino PEA, Lima LAR, de Lucena JD, Ribeiro WLC, Lima FAV, Neves KRT, de Barros Viana GS. Vitamin D (VD3) Intensifies the Effects of Exercise and Prevents Alterations of Behavior, Brain Oxidative Stress, and Neuroinflammation, in Hemiparkinsonian Rats. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:142-160. [PMID: 36028736 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03728-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the effects of physical exercise in the presence of Vitamin D3 (VD3), on 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-lesioned hemiparkinsonian rats. The animals were divided into sham-operated (SO), 6-OHDA-lesioned, and 6-OHDA-lesioned plus VD3 (1 µg/kg, 21 days), in the absence (no exercise, NE) and presence (with exercise, WE) of physical exercise on a treadmill (30 min, speed of 20 cm/s, once a day/21 days). This procedure started, 24 h after the stereotaxic surgery (injections of 6-OHDA into the right striatum). The animals were then subjected to behavioral (rotarod, open field, and apomorphine tests) and their brain areas were dissected for neurochemical, dopamine (DA), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) determinations, and immunohistochemical studies for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), dopamine transporter (DAT), and vitamin D receptor (VD3R). The effects on the brain oxidative stress: nitrite/nitrate, glutathione (GSH), and malondialdehyde (MDA) measurements were also evaluated. Behavioral changes of the 6-OHDA lesioned group were improved by exercise plus VD3. Similar results were observed in dopamine (DA) and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) concentrations increased by exercise and VD3, compared with SO groups. Additionally, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and dopamine transporter (DAT) immunoexpressions were decreased in the 6-OHDA-lesioned groups, with values normalized after exercise and VD3. The VD3 receptor immunoexpression decreased in the 6-OHDA (NE) group, and this was attenuated by exercise, especially after VD3. While 6-OHDA lesions increased, VD3 supplementation decreased the oxidative stress, which was intensified by exercise. VD3 showed neuroprotective properties that were intensified by physical exercise. These VD3 actions on hemiparkinsonian rats are possibly related to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Oliveira da Costa
- Graduate Program of Morphofunctional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine of the Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ludmila Araújo Rodrigues Lima
- Graduate Program of Morphofunctional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine of the Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Jalles Dantas de Lucena
- Graduate Program of Morphofunctional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine of the Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | | | | | - Kelly Rose Tavares Neves
- Graduate Program of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine of the Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Glauce Socorro de Barros Viana
- Graduate Program of Morphofunctional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine of the Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil. .,Graduate Program of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine of the Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil.
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Alexandre-Santos L, Trevisan AC, Pitella FA, Tumas V, Silvah JH, Kato M, de Moraes ER, Wichert-Ana L. Assessment of different regions of interest-based methods for [99mTc]Tc DAT-SPECT quantification using an anthropomorphic striatal phantom. EJNMMI Phys 2022; 9:91. [PMID: 36577862 PMCID: PMC9797635 DOI: 10.1186/s40658-022-00519-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Molecular imaging of the dopamine transporters (DAT) provides valuable information about neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's. This study assessed the accuracy and precision of DAT-SPECT quantification methods. METHODS Twenty-three DAT-SPECT images of a striatal phantom were acquired. The specific (caudate and putamen) and the non-specific (background activity) chambers were filled with [99mTc]Tc. Different specific-to-non-specific activity ratios (10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3 and 2 to 1) and the specific binding ratio (SBR) were calculated. Five methods using ROIs were assessed: (a) Manual ROIs on SPECT images; (b) TwoBox and (c) ThreeBox methods and Volume of Interest (VOI) using structural images; (d) MRI and (e) CT. Accuracy was evaluated by the concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) and precision by Pearson's coefficient and linear regression. RESULTS The SBR quantified in the specific and striatal chambers resulted in a CCC increase with a decrease in the nominal values. For lower SBR, MRI and CT showed higher CCCs when caudate ([Formula: see text] = 0.89 e [Formula: see text] = 0.84) and putamen ([Formula: see text] = 0.86 e [Formula: see text] = 0.82) were evaluated. For striatal assessments, the TwoBox method was the most accurate ([Formula: see text] = 0.95). High Pearson's coefficients were found in the correlations between all methods. CONCLUSIONS All five methods showed high precision even when applied to images with different activities. MRI and CT were the most accurate for assessing the caudate or putamen. To assess the striatal chamber and in the absence of structural information, the TwoBox method is advisable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Alexandre-Santos
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Nuclear Medicine and PET/CT Section, Department of Medical Imaging, Hematology, and Clinical Oncology, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil ,grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Interunits Bioengineering Postgraduation Program, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo (USP), São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Trevisan
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Nuclear Medicine and PET/CT Section, Department of Medical Imaging, Hematology, and Clinical Oncology, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil ,grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Interunits Bioengineering Postgraduation Program, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo (USP), São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Felipe Arriva Pitella
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Nuclear Medicine and PET/CT Section, Department of Medical Imaging, Hematology, and Clinical Oncology, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Vitor Tumas
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Interunits Bioengineering Postgraduation Program, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Jose Henrique Silvah
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Nuclear Medicine and PET/CT Section, Department of Medical Imaging, Hematology, and Clinical Oncology, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Mery Kato
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Nuclear Medicine and PET/CT Section, Department of Medical Imaging, Hematology, and Clinical Oncology, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Eder Rezende de Moraes
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Department of Physics, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Literature of Ribeirão Preto (FFCLRP), University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Lauro Wichert-Ana
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Nuclear Medicine and PET/CT Section, Department of Medical Imaging, Hematology, and Clinical Oncology, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil ,grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Interunits Bioengineering Postgraduation Program, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo (USP), São Carlos, Brazil ,grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722The Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), Center of Nuclear Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
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3
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Lopes MJP, Delmondes GDA, Leite GMDL, Cavalcante DRA, Aquino PÉAD, Lima FAVD, Neves KRT, Costa AS, Oliveira HDD, Bezerra Felipe CF, Pampolha Lima IS, Kerntopf MR, Viana GSDB. The Protein-Rich Fraction from Spirulina platensis Exerts Neuroprotection in Hemiparkinsonian Rats by Decreasing Brain Inflammatory-Related Enzymes and Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein Expressions. J Med Food 2022; 25:695-709. [PMID: 35834631 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2021.0100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Spirulina platensis is a cyanobacterium with high protein content and presenting neuroprotective effects. Now, we studied a protein-enriched fraction (SPF), on behavior, neurochemical and immunohistochemical (IHC) assays in hemiparkinsonian rats, distributed into the groups: SO (sham-operated), 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), and 6-OHDA (treated with SPF, 5 and 10 mg/kg, p.o., 15 days). Afterward, animals were subjected to behavioral tests and euthanized, and brain areas used for neurochemical and IHC assays. SPF partly reversed the changes in the apomorphine-induced rotations, open field and forced swim tests, and also the decrease in striatal dopamine and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid contents seen in hemiparkinsonian rats. Furthermore, SPF reduced brain oxidative stress and increased striatal expressions of tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine transporter and significantly reduced hippocampal inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2 and glial fibrillary acidic protein expressions. The data suggest that the protein fraction from S. platensis, through its brain anti-inflammatory and antioxidative actions, exerts neuroprotective effects that could benefit patients affected by neurodegenerative diseases, like Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Andréa Santos Costa
- Faculty of Medicine of the Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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Emanetci E, Cakir T. A co-expression network based molecular characterization of genes responsive for Braak stages in Parkinson's disease. Eur J Neurosci 2022; 55:1873-1886. [PMID: 35318767 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The progression of Parkinson's disease (PD) is defined by six Braak stages. We used transcriptome data from PD patients with Braak stage information to understand underlying molecular mechanisms for the progress of the disease. We created networks of genes with decreased/increased co-expression from control group to Braak 5-6 stages. These networks are significantly associated with PD related mechanisms such as mitochondrial dysfunction and synaptic signaling among others. Applying Weighted Gene Correlation Network Analysis (WGCNA) algorithm to the co-expression networks led to more specific modules enriched with neurodegeneration related disease pathways, seizure, abnormality of coordination, and hypotonia. Furthermore, we showed that one of the co-expression networks is clustered into three major communities with dedicated molecular functions: (i) tubulin folding pathway, gap junction related mechanisms, neuronal system (ii) synaptic vesicle, intracellular vesicle, proteasome complex, PD genes (iii) energy metabolism, mitochondrial mechanisms, oxidative phosphorylation, TCA cycle, PD genes. The co-expression relations we identified in this study as crucial players in the disease progression cover several known PD-associated genes and genes whose products are known to physically interact with alpha-synuclein protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Emanetci
- Department of Bioengineering, Gebze Technical University, Kocaeli, TURKEY
| | - Tunahan Cakir
- Department of Bioengineering, Gebze Technical University, Kocaeli, TURKEY
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5
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Mortezazadeh T, Seyedarabi H, Mahmoudian B, Islamian JP. Imaging modalities in differential diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease: opportunities and challenges. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43055-021-00454-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Parkinson’s disease (PD) diagnosis is yet largely based on the related clinical aspects. However, genetics, biomarkers, and neuroimaging studies have demonstrated a confirming role in the diagnosis, and future developments might be used in a pre-symptomatic phase of the disease.
Main text
This review provides an update on the current applications of neuroimaging modalities for PD diagnosis. A literature search was performed to find published studies that were involved on the application of different imaging modalities for PD diagnosis. An organized search of PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, ProQuest, Scopus, Cochrane, and Google Scholar was performed based on MeSH keywords and suitable synonyms. Two researchers (TM and JPI) independently and separately performed the literature search. Our search strategy in each database was done by the following terms: ((Parkinson [Title/Abstract]) AND ((“Parkinsonian syndromes ”[Mesh]) OR Parkinsonism [Title/Abstract])) AND ((PET [Title/Abstract]) OR “SPECT”[Mesh]) OR ((Functional imaging, Transcranial sonography [Title/Abstract]) OR “Magnetic resonance spectroscopy ”[Mesh]). Database search had no limitation in time, and our last update of search was in February 2021. To have a comprehensive search and to find possible relevant articles, a manual search was conducted on the reference list of the articles and limited to those published in English.
Conclusion
Early diagnosis of PD could be vital for early management and adequate neuroprotection. Recent neuroimaging modalities such as SPECT and PET imaging using radiolabeled tracers, MRI, and CT are used to discover the disease. By the modalities, it is possible to early diagnose dopaminergic degeneration and also to differentiate PD from others parkinsonian syndromes, to monitor the natural progression of the disease and the effect of neuroprotective treatments on the progression. In this regard, functional imaging techniques have provided critical insights and roles on PD.
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6
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dos Reis MA, Gadelha A, Felício AC, Hoexter MQ, Batista IR, Braga-Neto P, Calzavara M, Cavagnolli DA, Higuchi C, Leite MFL, Nogueira SA, Wagner J, Castiglioni MLV, Shih MC, Bressan RA. Evaluation of dopamine transporter density in healthy Brazilians using Tc-99m TRODAT-1 SPECT. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e27192. [PMID: 34596116 PMCID: PMC8483821 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000027192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The presynaptic dopamine transporter (DAT) modulates the uptake of dopamine by regulating its concentration in the central nervous system. We aimed to evaluate the DAT binding potential (DAT-BP) in a sample of healthy Brazilians through technetium-99 metastable TRODAT-1 single-photon emission computed tomography imaging.We selected 126 healthy individuals comprising 72 men and 54 women, aged 18 to 80 years. We conducted semi-quantitative evaluation in transaxial slices, following which we identified the regions of interest in the striatal region using the occipital lobe as a region of non-specific DAT-BP.We found a decrease in DAT-BP in healthy individuals aged over 30 years, culminating in a 42% mean reduction after 80 years. There was no difference in the decrease by age group between the right (linear regression test [R2] linear = 0.466) and left striatum (R2 linear = 0.510). Women presented a higher DAT-BP than men (women: R2 linear = 0.431; men: R2 linear = 0.457); nonetheless, their decrease by age group was equal to that in men.Our study sheds light on important DAT-BP findings in healthy Brazilian subjects. Our results will facilitate understanding of brain illnesses that involve the dopamine system, such as neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilia Alves dos Reis
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroscience, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (LiNC- EPM/UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (DDI/UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ary Gadelha
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroscience, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (LiNC- EPM/UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Schizophrenia Program of the Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (PROESQ – EPM/UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ilza Rosa Batista
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (DDI/UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pedro Braga-Neto
- Neurology Division, Department of Clinical Medicine, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Ceará, Brazil
- Center of Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Mariana Calzavara
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Cinthia Higuchi
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroscience, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (LiNC- EPM/UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Schizophrenia Program of the Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (PROESQ – EPM/UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Jairo Wagner
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ming Chi Shih
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Affonseca Bressan
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroscience, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (LiNC- EPM/UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Schizophrenia Program of the Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (PROESQ – EPM/UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
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7
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Fan HC, Chang YK, Tsai JD, Chiang KL, Shih JH, Yeh KY, Ma KH, Li IH. The Association Between Parkinson's Disease and Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Cell Transplant 2021; 29:963689720947416. [PMID: 33028106 PMCID: PMC7784516 DOI: 10.1177/0963689720947416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
While Parkinson’s disease (PD) and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are two distinct conditions, it has been hypothesized that they share several overlapping anatomical and neurochemical changes. In order to investigate that hypothesis, this study used claims data from Taiwan’s Longitudinal Health Insurance Database 2000 to provide the significant nationwide population-based evidence of an increased risk of PD among ADHD patients, and the connection between the two conditions was not the result of other comorbidities. Moreover, this study showed that the patients with PD were 2.8 times more likely to have a prior ADHD diagnosis compared with those without a prior history of ADHD. Furthermore, an animal model of ADHD was generated by neonatally injecting rats with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). These rats were subjected to behavior tests and the 99mTc-TRODAT-1 brain imaging at the juvenile stage. Compared to control group rats, the 6-OHDA rats showed a significantly reduced specific uptake ratio in the striatum, indicating an underlying PD-linked pathology in the brains of these ADHD phenotype-expressing rats. Overall, these results support that ADHD shares a number of anatomical and neurochemical changes with PD. As such, improved knowledge of the neurochemical mechanisms underlying ADHD could result in improved treatments for various debilitating neurological disorders, including PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hueng-Chuen Fan
- Department of Pediatrics, 59084Tungs' Taichung Metroharbor Hospital, Wuchi, Taichung.,Department of Medical research, 68866Tungs' Taichung Metroharbor Hospital, Wuchi, Taichung.,Department of Life Sciences, 59084National Chung Hsing University, Taichung.,Department of Rehabilitation, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli
| | - Yu-Kang Chang
- Department of Medical research, 68866Tungs' Taichung Metroharbor Hospital, Wuchi, Taichung.,Department of Life Sciences, 59084National Chung Hsing University, Taichung.,Department of Rehabilitation, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli
| | - Jeng-Dau Tsai
- School of Medicine, 34899Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung.,Department of Pediatrics, 34899Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung
| | - Kuo-Liang Chiang
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, 38009Kuang-Tien General Hospital, Taichung.,Department of Nutrition, Hungkuang University, Taichung
| | - Jui-Hu Shih
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, 63452Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei.,School of Pharmacy, 71548National Defense Medical Center, Taipei
| | - Kuan-Yi Yeh
- Department of Biology and Anatomy, 71548National Defense Medical Center, Taipei
| | - Kuo-Hsing Ma
- Department of Biology and Anatomy, 71548National Defense Medical Center, Taipei
| | - I-Hsun Li
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, 63452Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei.,School of Pharmacy, 71548National Defense Medical Center, Taipei
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8
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Gao L, Wang W, Wang X, Yang F, Xie L, Shen J, Brimble MA, Xiao Q, Yao SQ. Fluorescent probes for bioimaging of potential biomarkers in Parkinson's disease. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:1219-1250. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00115e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This review comprehensively summarizes various types of fluorescent probes for PD and their applications for detection of various PD biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqian Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen)
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Shenzhen, 518107
- P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen)
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Shenzhen, 518107
- P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Xuan Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen)
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Shenzhen, 518107
- P. R. China
| | - Fen Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen)
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Shenzhen, 518107
- P. R. China
| | - Liuxing Xie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen)
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Shenzhen, 518107
- P. R. China
| | - Jun Shen
- Department of Radiology
- Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Margaret A. Brimble
- School of Chemical Sciences
- The University of Auckland
- Auckland 1010
- New Zealand
| | - Qicai Xiao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen)
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Shenzhen, 518107
- P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Shao Q. Yao
- Department of Chemistry
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore
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9
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Zink N, Mückschel M, Beste C. Resting-state EEG Dynamics Reveals Differences in Network Organization and its Fluctuation between Frequency Bands. Neuroscience 2020; 453:43-56. [PMID: 33276088 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Functional connectivity in EEG resting-state is not stable but fluctuates considerably. The aim of this study was to investigate how efficient information flows through a network, i.e. how resting-state EEG networks are organized and whether this organization it also subject to fluctuations. Differences of the network organization (small-worldness), degree of clustered connectivity, and path length as an indicator of how information is integrated into the network across time was compared between theta, alpha and beta bands. We show robust differences in network organization (small-worldness) between frequency bands. Fluctuations in network organization were larger in the theta, compared to the alpha and beta frequency. Variation in network organization and not the frequency of fluctuations differs between frequency bands. Furthermore, the degree of clustered connectivity and its modulation across time is the same across frequency bands, but the path length revealed the same modulatory pattern as the small-world metric. It is therefore the interplay of local processing efficiency and global information processing efficiency in the brain that fluctuates in a frequency-specific way. Properties of how information can be integrated is subject to fluctuations in a frequency-specific way in the resting-state. The possible relevance of these resting-state EEG properties is discussed including its clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Zink
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, United States; Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine of the TU, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Moritz Mückschel
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine of the TU, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christian Beste
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine of the TU, Dresden, Germany
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10
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da Silva Córneo E, de Bem Silveira G, Scussel R, Correa MEAB, da Silva Abel J, Luiz GP, Feuser PE, Silveira PCL, Machado-de-Ávila RA. Effects of gold nanoparticles administration through behavioral and oxidative parameters in animal model of Parkinson’s disease. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 196:111302. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.111302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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11
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Li W, Lao-Kaim NP, Roussakis AA, Martín-Bastida A, Valle-Guzman N, Paul G, Soreq E, Daws RE, Foltynie T, Barker RA, Hampshire A, Piccini P. Longitudinal functional connectivity changes related to dopaminergic decline in Parkinson's disease. Neuroimage Clin 2020; 28:102409. [PMID: 32916466 PMCID: PMC7490914 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have demonstrated that basal ganglia functional connectivity is altered in Parkinson's disease (PD) as compared to healthy controls. However, such functional connectivity alterations have not been related to the dopaminergic deficits that occurs in PD over time. OBJECTIVES To examine whether functional connectivity impairments are correlated with dopaminergic deficits across basal ganglia subdivisions in patients with PD both cross-sectionally and longitudinally. METHODS We assessed resting-state functional connectivity of basal ganglia subdivisions and dopamine transporter density using 11C-PE2I PET in thirty-four PD patients at baseline. Of these, twenty PD patients were rescanned after 19.9 ± 3.8 months. A seed-based approach was used to analyze resting-state fMRI data. 11C-PE2I binding potential (BPND) was calculated for each participant. PD patients were assessed for disease severity. RESULTS At baseline, PD patients with greater dopaminergic deficits, as measured with 11C-PE2I PET, showed larger decreases in posterior putamen functional connectivity with the midbrain and pallidum. Reduced functional connectivity of the posterior putamen with the thalamus, midbrain, supplementary motor area and sensorimotor cortex over time were significantly associated with changes in DAT density over the same period. Furthermore, increased motor disability was associated with lower intraregional functional connectivity of the posterior putamen. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that basal ganglia functional connectivity is related to integrity of dopaminergic system in patients with PD. Application of resting-state fMRI in a large cohort and longitudinal scanning may be a powerful tool for assessing underlying PD pathology and its progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Li
- Centre for Neurodegeneration and Neuroinflammation, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom; Department of Radiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China.
| | - Nick P Lao-Kaim
- Centre for Neurodegeneration and Neuroinflammation, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas-Antonios Roussakis
- Centre for Neurodegeneration and Neuroinflammation, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Antonio Martín-Bastida
- Centre for Neurodegeneration and Neuroinflammation, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology and Neurosciences, Clínica universidad de Navarra, Pamplona-Madrid, Spain
| | - Natalie Valle-Guzman
- John Van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0PY, United Kingdom
| | - Gesine Paul
- Translational Neurology Group, Department of Clinical Sciences, Wallenberg Neuroscience Centre, Lund University, Lund 221 84, Sweden; Division of Neurology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund 22185, Sweden
| | - Eyal Soreq
- Imperial College London, Division of Brain Sciences, Computational Cognitive & Clinical Neuroimaging Lab (C(3)NL), London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Richard E Daws
- Imperial College London, Division of Brain Sciences, Computational Cognitive & Clinical Neuroimaging Lab (C(3)NL), London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Foltynie
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom
| | - Roger A Barker
- John Van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0PY, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Hampshire
- Imperial College London, Division of Brain Sciences, Computational Cognitive & Clinical Neuroimaging Lab (C(3)NL), London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Paola Piccini
- Centre for Neurodegeneration and Neuroinflammation, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
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12
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Trifonova OP, Maslov DL, Balashova EE, Urazgildeeva GR, Abaimov DA, Fedotova EY, Poleschuk VV, Illarioshkin SN, Lokhov PG. Parkinson's Disease: Available Clinical and Promising Omics Tests for Diagnostics, Disease Risk Assessment, and Pharmacotherapy Personalization. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:E339. [PMID: 32466249 PMCID: PMC7277996 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10050339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is the second most frequent neurodegenerative disease, representing a significant medical and socio-economic problem. Modern medicine still has no answer to the question of why Parkinson's disease develops and whether it is possible to develop an effective system of prevention. Therefore, active work is currently underway to find ways to assess the risks of the disease, as well as a means to extend the life of patients and improve its quality. Modern studies aim to create a method of assessing the risk of occurrence of Parkinson's disease (PD), to search for the specific ways of correction of biochemical disorders occurring in the prodromal stage of Parkinson's disease, and to personalize approaches to antiparkinsonian pharmacotherapy. In this review, we summarized all available clinically approved tests and techniques for PD diagnostics. Then, we reviewed major improvements and recent advancements in genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics studies and application of metabolomics in PD research, and discussed the major metabolomics findings for diagnostics and therapy of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oxana P. Trifonova
- Laboratory of mass spectrometry-based metabolomics diagnostics, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10 building 8, Pogodinskaya street, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (D.L.M.); (E.E.B.); (P.G.L.)
| | - Dmitri L. Maslov
- Laboratory of mass spectrometry-based metabolomics diagnostics, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10 building 8, Pogodinskaya street, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (D.L.M.); (E.E.B.); (P.G.L.)
| | - Elena E. Balashova
- Laboratory of mass spectrometry-based metabolomics diagnostics, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10 building 8, Pogodinskaya street, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (D.L.M.); (E.E.B.); (P.G.L.)
| | - Guzel R. Urazgildeeva
- 5th Neurological Department (Department of Neurogenetics), Research Centre of Neurology, Volokolamskoe shosse, 80, 125367 Moscow, Russia; (G.R.U.); (D.A.A.); (E.Y.F.); (V.V.P.); (S.N.I.)
| | - Denis A. Abaimov
- 5th Neurological Department (Department of Neurogenetics), Research Centre of Neurology, Volokolamskoe shosse, 80, 125367 Moscow, Russia; (G.R.U.); (D.A.A.); (E.Y.F.); (V.V.P.); (S.N.I.)
| | - Ekaterina Yu. Fedotova
- 5th Neurological Department (Department of Neurogenetics), Research Centre of Neurology, Volokolamskoe shosse, 80, 125367 Moscow, Russia; (G.R.U.); (D.A.A.); (E.Y.F.); (V.V.P.); (S.N.I.)
| | - Vsevolod V. Poleschuk
- 5th Neurological Department (Department of Neurogenetics), Research Centre of Neurology, Volokolamskoe shosse, 80, 125367 Moscow, Russia; (G.R.U.); (D.A.A.); (E.Y.F.); (V.V.P.); (S.N.I.)
| | - Sergey N. Illarioshkin
- 5th Neurological Department (Department of Neurogenetics), Research Centre of Neurology, Volokolamskoe shosse, 80, 125367 Moscow, Russia; (G.R.U.); (D.A.A.); (E.Y.F.); (V.V.P.); (S.N.I.)
| | - Petr G. Lokhov
- Laboratory of mass spectrometry-based metabolomics diagnostics, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10 building 8, Pogodinskaya street, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (D.L.M.); (E.E.B.); (P.G.L.)
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13
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Mašková J, Školoudík D, Štofaniková P, Ibarburu V, Kemlink D, Zogala D, Trnka J, Krupička R, Šonka K, Růžička E, Dušek P. Comparative study of the substantia nigra echogenicity and 123I-Ioflupane SPECT in patients with synucleinopathies with and without REM sleep behavior disorder. Sleep Med 2020; 70:116-123. [PMID: 32403038 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2020.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Hyperechogenicity of the substantia nigra (SN) and abnormal dopamine transporter-single-photon emission computed tomography (DAT-SPECT) are biomarkers commonly used in the assessment of prodromal synucleinopathy. Our goals were as follows: (1) to compare echogenicity of SN in idiopathic rapid eye movement (REM) behavior disorder (iRBD), Parkinson's disease (PD) without RBD (PD-noRBD), PD with RBD (PD + RBD), and control subjects; and (2) to examine association between SN degeneration assessed by DAT-SPECT and SN echogenicity. PATIENTS/METHODS A total of 61 subjects with confirmed iRBD were examined using Movement Disorders Society-unified PD rating scale (MDS-UPDRS), TCS (transcranial sonography) and DAT-SPECT. The results were compared with 44 patients with PD (25% PD + RBD) and with 120 age-matched healthy subjects. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION The abnormal SN area was found in 75.5% PD, 23% iRBD and 7.3% controls. Median SN echogenicity area in PD (0.27 ± 0.22 cm2) was higher compared to iRBD (0.07 ± 0.07 cm2; p < 0.0001) and controls (0.05 ± 0.03 cm2; p < 0.0001). SN echogenicity in PD + RBD was not significantly different from PD-noRBD (0.30 vs. 0.22, p = 0.15). Abnormal DAT-SPECT was found in 16 iRBD (25.4%) and 44 PD subjects (100%). No correlation between the larger SN area and corresponding putaminal binding index was found in iRBD (r = -0.13, p = 0.29), nor in PD (r = -0.19, p = 0.22). The results of our study showed that: (1) SN echogenicity area in iRBD was higher compared to controls, but the hyperechogenicity was present only in a minority of iRBD patients; (2) SN echogenicity and DAT-SPECT binding index did not correlate in either group; and (3) SN echogenicity does not differ between PD with/without RBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Mašková
- Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - D Školoudík
- Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - P Štofaniková
- Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital Prague, Czech Republic
| | - V Ibarburu
- Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital Prague, Czech Republic
| | - D Kemlink
- Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital Prague, Czech Republic
| | - D Zogala
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J Trnka
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital Prague, Czech Republic
| | - R Krupička
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Czech Technical University in Prague, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Czech Republic
| | - K Šonka
- Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital Prague, Czech Republic
| | - E Růžička
- Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital Prague, Czech Republic
| | - P Dušek
- Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Radiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital Prague, Czech Republic
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14
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Trist BG, Hare DJ, Double KL. Oxidative stress in the aging substantia nigra and the etiology of Parkinson's disease. Aging Cell 2019; 18:e13031. [PMID: 31432604 PMCID: PMC6826160 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 357] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease prevalence is rapidly increasing in an aging global population. With this increase comes exponentially rising social and economic costs, emphasizing the immediate need for effective disease‐modifying treatments. Motor dysfunction results from the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta and depletion of dopamine in the nigrostriatal pathway. While a specific biochemical mechanism remains elusive, oxidative stress plays an undeniable role in a complex and progressive neurodegenerative cascade. This review will explore the molecular factors that contribute to the high steady‐state of oxidative stress in the healthy substantia nigra during aging, and how this chemical environment renders neurons susceptible to oxidative damage in Parkinson's disease. Contributing factors to oxidative stress during aging and as a pathogenic mechanism for Parkinson's disease will be discussed within the context of how and why therapeutic approaches targeting cellular redox activity in this disorder have, to date, yielded little therapeutic benefit. We present a contemporary perspective on the central biochemical contribution of redox imbalance to Parkinson's disease etiology and argue that improving our ability to accurately measure oxidative stress, dopaminergic neurotransmission and cell death pathways in vivo is crucial for both the development of new therapies and the identification of novel disease biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin G. Trist
- Brain and Mind Centre and Discipline of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical and Health The University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Dominic J. Hare
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health The University of Melbourne Parkville Vic. Australia
- Elemental Bio‐imaging Facility University of Technology Sydney Broadway NSW Australia
| | - Kay L. Double
- Brain and Mind Centre and Discipline of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical and Health The University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
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15
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Bahi A, Dreyer JL. Dopamine transporter (DAT) knockdown in the nucleus accumbens improves anxiety- and depression-related behaviors in adult mice. Behav Brain Res 2018; 359:104-115. [PMID: 30367968 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Many epidemiological and clinical studies have demonstrated a strong comorbidity between anxiety and depression, and a number of experimental studies indicates that the dopamine transporter (DAT) is involved in the pathophysiology of anxiety and depression. However, studies using laboratory animals have yielded inconclusive results. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of DAT manipulation on anxiety- and depression-like behaviors in mice. For this purpose, animals were stereotaxically injected with DAT siRNA-expressing lentiviral vectors (siDAT) in the caudate putamen (CPu) or in the nucleus accumbens (Nacc) and the behavioral outcomes were assessed using the open-field (OF), elevated-plus maze (EPM), light-dark box (LDB), sucrose preference (SPT), novelty suppressed feeding (NSF), and forced-swim (FST) tests. The results showed that in the Nacc, but not in the CPu, siDAT increased the time spent at the center of the arena and decreased the number of fecal boli in the OF test. In the EPM and LDB tests, Nacc siDAT injection increased the entries and time spent on open arms, and increased the time spent in the light side of the box, respectively, suggesting an anxiolytic-like activity. In addition, siDAT, in the Nacc, induced significant antidepressant-like effects, evidenced by increased sucrose preference, shorter latency to feed in the NSF test, and decreased immobility time in the FST. Most importantly, Pearson's test clearly showed significant correlations between DAT mRNA in the Nacc with anxiety and depression parameters. Overall, these results suggest that low DAT levels, in the Nacc, might act as protective factors against anxiety and depression. Therefore, targeting DAT activity might be a very attractive approach to tackle affective disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amine Bahi
- Department of Anatomy, Tawam Medical Campus, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Jean-Luc Dreyer
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
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16
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Marinho V, Oliveira T, Bandeira J, Pinto GR, Gomes A, Lima V, Magalhães F, Rocha K, Ayres C, Carvalho V, Velasques B, Ribeiro P, Orsini M, Bastos VH, Gupta D, Teixeira S. Genetic influence alters the brain synchronism in perception and timing. J Biomed Sci 2018; 25:61. [PMID: 30086746 PMCID: PMC6080374 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-018-0463-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Studies at the molecular level aim to integrate genetic and neurobiological data to provide an increasingly detailed understanding of phenotypes related to the ability in time perception. Main Text This study suggests that the polymorphisms genetic SLC6A4 5-HTTLPR, 5HTR2A T102C, DRD2/ANKK1-Taq1A, SLC6A3 3’-UTR VNTR, COMT Val158Met, CLOCK genes and GABRB2 A/C as modification factor at neurochemical levels associated with several neurofunctional aspects, modifying the circadian rhythm and built-in cognitive functions in the timing. We conducted a literature review with 102 studies that met inclusion criteria to synthesize findings on genetic polymorphisms and their influence on the timing. Conclusion The findings suggest an association of genetic polymorphisms on behavioral aspects related in timing. However, order to confirm the paradigm of association in the timing as a function of the molecular level, still need to be addressed future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Marinho
- Neuro-innovation Technology & Brain Mapping Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí, Av. São Sebastião n° 2819 - Nossa Sra. de Fátima -, Parnaíba, PI, CEP 64202-020, Brazil. .,Genetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, Brazil. .,The Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil.
| | - Thomaz Oliveira
- Neuro-innovation Technology & Brain Mapping Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí, Av. São Sebastião n° 2819 - Nossa Sra. de Fátima -, Parnaíba, PI, CEP 64202-020, Brazil.,Genetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, Brazil
| | - Juliete Bandeira
- Neuro-innovation Technology & Brain Mapping Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí, Av. São Sebastião n° 2819 - Nossa Sra. de Fátima -, Parnaíba, PI, CEP 64202-020, Brazil
| | - Giovanny R Pinto
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, Brazil.,The Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Anderson Gomes
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, Brazil
| | - Valéria Lima
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, Brazil
| | - Francisco Magalhães
- Neuro-innovation Technology & Brain Mapping Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí, Av. São Sebastião n° 2819 - Nossa Sra. de Fátima -, Parnaíba, PI, CEP 64202-020, Brazil.,The Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Kaline Rocha
- Neuro-innovation Technology & Brain Mapping Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí, Av. São Sebastião n° 2819 - Nossa Sra. de Fátima -, Parnaíba, PI, CEP 64202-020, Brazil.,The Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Carla Ayres
- Neuro-innovation Technology & Brain Mapping Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí, Av. São Sebastião n° 2819 - Nossa Sra. de Fátima -, Parnaíba, PI, CEP 64202-020, Brazil
| | - Valécia Carvalho
- Neuro-innovation Technology & Brain Mapping Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí, Av. São Sebastião n° 2819 - Nossa Sra. de Fátima -, Parnaíba, PI, CEP 64202-020, Brazil.,The Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Bruna Velasques
- Brain Mapping and Sensory Motor Integration Laboratory, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Pedro Ribeiro
- Brain Mapping and Sensory Motor Integration Laboratory, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marco Orsini
- Master's Program in Local Development Program, University Center Augusto Motta - UNISUAM, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil and Health Sciences Applied - Vassouras University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Victor Hugo Bastos
- Brain Mapping and Functionality Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, Brazil
| | - Daya Gupta
- Department of Biology, Camden County College, Blackwood, NJ, USA
| | - Silmar Teixeira
- Neuro-innovation Technology & Brain Mapping Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí, Av. São Sebastião n° 2819 - Nossa Sra. de Fátima -, Parnaíba, PI, CEP 64202-020, Brazil.,The Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
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17
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Marinho V, Oliveira T, Rocha K, Ribeiro J, Magalhães F, Bento T, Pinto GR, Velasques B, Ribeiro P, Di Giorgio L, Orsini M, Gupta DS, Bittencourt J, Bastos VH, Teixeira S. The dopaminergic system dynamic in the time perception: a review of the evidence. Int J Neurosci 2017; 128:262-282. [PMID: 28950734 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2017.1385614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Dopaminergic system plays a key role in perception, which is an important executive function of the brain. Modulation in dopaminergic system forms an important biochemical underpinning of neural mechanisms of time perception in a very wide range, from milliseconds to seconds to longer daily rhythms. Distinct types of temporal experience are poorly understood, and the relationship between processing of different intervals by the brain has received little attention. A comprehensive understanding of interval timing functions should be sought within a wider context of temporal processing, involving genetic aspects, pharmacological models, cognitive aspects, motor control and the neurological diseases with impaired dopaminergic system. Particularly, an unexplored question is whether the role of dopamine in interval timing can be integrated with the role of dopamine in non-interval timing temporal components. In this review, we explore a wider perspective of dopaminergic system, involving genetic polymorphisms, pharmacological models, executive functions and neurological diseases on the time perception. We conclude that the dopaminergic system has great participation in impact on time perception and neurobiological basis of the executive functions and neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Marinho
- a Brain Mapping and Plasticity Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí (UFPI) , Parnaíba , Brazil.,b Genetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí , Parnaíba , Brazil
| | - Thomaz Oliveira
- a Brain Mapping and Plasticity Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí (UFPI) , Parnaíba , Brazil.,b Genetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí , Parnaíba , Brazil
| | - Kaline Rocha
- a Brain Mapping and Plasticity Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí (UFPI) , Parnaíba , Brazil
| | - Jéssica Ribeiro
- a Brain Mapping and Plasticity Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí (UFPI) , Parnaíba , Brazil
| | - Francisco Magalhães
- a Brain Mapping and Plasticity Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí (UFPI) , Parnaíba , Brazil
| | - Thalys Bento
- a Brain Mapping and Plasticity Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí (UFPI) , Parnaíba , Brazil
| | - Giovanny R Pinto
- b Genetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí , Parnaíba , Brazil
| | - Bruna Velasques
- c Brain Mapping and Sensory Motor Integration Laboratory, Institute of Psychiatry of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (IPUB/UFRJ) , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Pedro Ribeiro
- c Brain Mapping and Sensory Motor Integration Laboratory, Institute of Psychiatry of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (IPUB/UFRJ) , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Luiza Di Giorgio
- c Brain Mapping and Sensory Motor Integration Laboratory, Institute of Psychiatry of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (IPUB/UFRJ) , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Marco Orsini
- c Brain Mapping and Sensory Motor Integration Laboratory, Institute of Psychiatry of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (IPUB/UFRJ) , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil.,d Rehabilitation Science Program, Analysis of Human Movement Laboratory, Augusto Motta University Center (UNISUAM) , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Daya S Gupta
- e Department of Biology , Camden County College , Blackwood , NJ , USA
| | - Juliana Bittencourt
- f Biomedical Engineering Program (COPPE), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Victor Hugo Bastos
- g Brain Mapping and Functionality Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí (UFPI) , Parnaíba , Brazil
| | - Silmar Teixeira
- a Brain Mapping and Plasticity Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí (UFPI) , Parnaíba , Brazil
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18
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Vajdi-Hokmabad R, Ziaee M, Sadigh-Eteghad S, Sandoghchian Shotorbani S, Mahmoudi J. Modafinil Improves Catalepsy in a Rat 6-Hydroxydopamine Model of Parkinson's Disease; Possible Involvement of Dopaminergic Neurotransmission. Adv Pharm Bull 2017; 7:359-365. [PMID: 29071217 PMCID: PMC5651056 DOI: 10.15171/apb.2017.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Modafinil is a vigilance-enhancing drug licensed for narcolepsy. The use of modafinil leads to various neuromodulatory effects with very low abuse potential. A body of evidence suggested that modafinil may have anti-parkinsonian effects. This study was designed to evaluate whether modafinil could improve motor dysfunction in the 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced rat model of Parkinson’s disease. Methods: Male Wistar rats (180-220 g, n= 98) were used in this study. Parkinsonism was induced by injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (10 μg/2μl in 0.2 % ascorbic acid-saline) into the right striatum. Parkinsonian rats received intraperitoneal (ip) injections of modafinil (50, 75, and 100 mg/kg) and catalepsy-like immobility was assessed by the bar test (BT). Furthermore, involvement of dopamine D1 and D2 receptors in modafinil’s anti-parkinsonian effects was studied. For this purpose, parkinsonian animals were pretreated with SCH23390 and raclopride (the dopamine D1 and D2 receptor anatgonists, respectively) or SCH23390 + raclopride, and then assessed by the BT. Results: Modafinil (100 mg/kg) showed anti-cataleptic effects in the BT. Notably, the effect of modafinil in the BT was reversed in parkinsonian rats pretreated with raclopride (1.25 mg/kg) and/or SCH23390 + raclopride (0.75 and 1.25 mg/kg, respectively), but not in those pretreated with SCH23390 (0.75 mg/kg). Conclusion: Acute administration of modafinil improves 6-OHDA-induced motor impairment possibly through activation of dopamine D2 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Vajdi-Hokmabad
- Department of veterinary, Miyaneh branch, Islamic Azad University, Miyaneh, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Ziaee
- Medicinal Plant Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran
| | - Saeed Sadigh-Eteghad
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Javad Mahmoudi
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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19
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Jadvar H. Highlights of articles published in annals of nuclear medicine 2016. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2017; 44:1928-1933. [PMID: 28752226 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-017-3782-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
This article is the first installment of highlights of selected articles published during 2016 in the Annals of Nuclear Medicine, an official peer-reviewed journal of the Japanese Society of Nuclear Medicine. A companion article highlighting selected articles published during 2016 in the European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, which is the official peer-reviewed journal of the European Association of Nuclear Medicine, will also appear in the Annals Nuclear Medicine. This new initiative by the respective journals will continue as an annual endeavor and is anticipated to not only enhance the scientific collaboration between Europe and Japan but also facilitate global partnership in the field of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Jadvar
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
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20
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Ikeda Y, Funayama T, Tateno A, Fukayama H, Okubo Y, Suzuki H. Modafinil enhances alerting-related brain activity in attention networks. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2017; 234:2077-2089. [PMID: 28374089 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-017-4614-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Modafinil is a wake-promoting agent and has been reported to be effective in improving attention in patients with attentional disturbance. However, neural substrates underlying the modafinil effects on attention are not fully understood. OBJECTIVES We employed a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study with the attention network test (ANT) task in healthy adults and examined which networks of attention are mainly affected by modafinil and which neural substrates are responsible for the drug effects. METHODS We used a randomized placebo-controlled within-subjects cross-over design. Twenty-three healthy adults participated in two series of an fMRI study, taking either a placebo or modafinil. The participants performed the ANT task, which is designed to measure three distinct attentional networks, alerting, orienting, and executive control, during the fMRI scanning. The effects of modafinil on behavioral performance and regional brain activity were analyzed. RESULTS We found that modafinil enhanced alerting performance and showed greater alerting network activity in the left middle and inferior occipital gyri as compared with the placebo. The brain activations in the occipital regions were positively correlated with alerting performance. CONCLUSIONS Modafinil enhanced alerting performance and increased activation in the occipital lobe in the alerting network possibly relevant to noradrenergic activity during the ANT task. The present study may provide a rationale for the treatment of patients with distinct symptoms of impaired attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumiko Ikeda
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8602, Japan
| | - Takuya Funayama
- Anesthesiology and Clinical Physiology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
| | - Amane Tateno
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8602, Japan
| | - Haruhisa Fukayama
- Anesthesiology and Clinical Physiology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Okubo
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8602, Japan
| | - Hidenori Suzuki
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8602, Japan.
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Son SJ, Kim M, Park H. Imaging analysis of Parkinson's disease patients using SPECT and tractography. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38070. [PMID: 27901100 PMCID: PMC5128922 DOI: 10.1038/srep38070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a degenerative disorder that affects the central nervous system. PD-related alterations in structural and functional neuroimaging have not been fully explored. This study explored multi-modal PD neuroimaging and its application for predicting clinical scores on the Movement Disorder Society-sponsored Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS). Multi-modal imaging that combined 123I-Ioflupane single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) were adopted to incorporate complementary brain imaging information. SPECT and DTI images of normal controls (NC; n = 45) and PD patients (n = 45) were obtained from a database. The specific binding ratio (SBR) was calculated from SPECT. Tractography was performed using DTI. Group-wise differences between NC and PD patients were quantified using SBR of SPECT and structural connectivity of DTI for regions of interest (ROIs) related to PD. MDS-UPDRS scores were predicted using multi-modal imaging features in a partial least-squares regression framework. Three regions and four connections within the cortico-basal ganglia thalamocortical circuit were identified using SBR and DTI, respectively. Predicted MDS-UPDRS scores using identified regions and connections and actual MDS-UPDRS scores showed a meaningful correlation (r = 0.6854, p < 0.001). Our study provided insight on regions and connections that are instrumental in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Jin Son
- Department of Electronic, Electrical, and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Mansu Kim
- Department of Electronic, Electrical, and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Hyunjin Park
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Korea
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research (CNIR), Institute for Basic Science, Korea
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Prefrontal Markers and Cognitive Performance Are Dissociated during Progressive Dopamine Lesion. PLoS Biol 2016; 14:e1002576. [PMID: 27824858 PMCID: PMC5100991 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1002576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopamine is thought to directly influence the neurophysiological mechanisms of both performance monitoring and cognitive control-two processes that are critically linked in the production of adapted behaviour. Changing dopamine levels are also thought to induce cognitive changes in several neurological and psychiatric conditions. But the working model of this system as a whole remains untested. Specifically, although many researchers assume that changing dopamine levels modify neurophysiological mechanisms and their markers in frontal cortex, and that this in turn leads to cognitive changes, this causal chain needs to be verified. Using longitudinal recordings of frontal neurophysiological markers over many months during progressive dopaminergic lesion in non-human primates, we provide data that fail to support a simple interaction between dopamine, frontal function, and cognition. Feedback potentials, which are performance-monitoring signals sometimes thought to drive successful control, ceased to differentiate feedback valence at the end of the lesion, just before clinical motor threshold. In contrast, cognitive control performance and beta oscillatory markers of cognitive control were unimpaired by the lesion. The differing dynamics of these measures throughout a dopamine lesion suggests they are not all driven by dopamine in the same way. These dynamics also demonstrate that a complex non-linear set of mechanisms is engaged in the brain in response to a progressive dopamine lesion. These results question the direct causal chain from dopamine to frontal physiology and on to cognition. They imply that biomarkers of cognitive functions are not directly predictive of dopamine loss.
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Fallahi B, Esmaeili A, Beiki D, Oveisgharan S, Noorollahi-Moghaddam H, Erfani M, Tafakhori A, Rohani M, Fard-Esfahani A, Emami-Ardekani A, Geramifar P, Eftekhari M. Evaluation of (99m)Tc-TRODAT-1 SPECT in the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease versus other progressive movement disorders. Ann Nucl Med 2015; 30:153-62. [PMID: 26612262 DOI: 10.1007/s12149-015-1042-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Parkinson disease (PD), parkinsonian syndromes (PS) and essential tremor (ET) are different types of movement disorders which share some symptoms resulting in a difficulty of certain diagnosis. This study was conducted to determine the value of (99m)Tc-TRODAT-1 scan to differentiate PD from ET and other PS cases. METHODS Totally, 75 patients were studied including 29 PD, 6 possible PD, 22 ET and 18 PS cases. A dual-head SPECT-CT was used to perform basal ganglia (BG) imaging following administration of (99m)Tc-TRODAT-1. The BG uptake values were normalized to whole brain and occipital activity. All patients were followed for 2-22 months to reach a certain diagnosis. RESULTS Patients with ET and drug-induced parkinsonism show significantly higher normalized BG uptake as compared to the other subgroups; however, no significant difference was noted between PD and PS patients. The sensitivity and specificity of the findings for the differentiation between patients with the disease associated versus not associated with BG dysfunction were 80 and 83.3%, respectively. A predictive positive value of 82.6% was obtained using an additive scaling index defined as asymmetry and unevenness of uptake in putamen and/or caudate contralateral to the dominant side of current symptoms. CONCLUSIONS (99m)Tc-TRODAT-1 scan is an appropriate method to differentiate PD or PS versus ET. A combination of scan pattern including asymmetry of BG uptake and unevenness of activity in caudate and putamen along with the side of dominant symptoms may be valuable for the differentiation of Parkinson's disease from the other parkinsonian syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Fallahi
- Research Center for Nuclear Medicine, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, North Kargar Ave., Tehran, 1411713135, Iran
| | - Atefe Esmaeili
- Research Center for Nuclear Medicine, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, North Kargar Ave., Tehran, 1411713135, Iran
| | - Davood Beiki
- Research Center for Nuclear Medicine, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, North Kargar Ave., Tehran, 1411713135, Iran.
| | - Shahram Oveisgharan
- Department of Neurology, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mostafa Erfani
- Radiation Application Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Tafakhori
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Imam Khomeini Hospital and Iranian Center of Neurological Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rohani
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Rasoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Armaghan Fard-Esfahani
- Research Center for Nuclear Medicine, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, North Kargar Ave., Tehran, 1411713135, Iran
| | - Alireza Emami-Ardekani
- Research Center for Nuclear Medicine, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, North Kargar Ave., Tehran, 1411713135, Iran
| | - Parham Geramifar
- Research Center for Nuclear Medicine, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, North Kargar Ave., Tehran, 1411713135, Iran
| | - Mohammad Eftekhari
- Research Center for Nuclear Medicine, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, North Kargar Ave., Tehran, 1411713135, Iran
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PET imaging of dopamine transporters with [(18)F]FE-PE2I: Effects of anti-Parkinsonian drugs. Nucl Med Biol 2015; 43:158-64. [PMID: 26872440 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to assess the striatal [(18)F]FE-PE2I binding and the immunohistochemical stain of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in the striatum, and to evaluate the effects of therapeutic drugs on [(18)F]FE-PE2I binding. METHODS Dynamic PET/CT of [(18)F]FE-PE2I was performed in Parkinson's disease (PD) rat models, induced by the unilateral injection of 6-OHDA into the striatum. A simplified reference tissue model method was used to calculate the striatal binding potential (striatal BPND). Each of the four normal rats was pretreated with pramipexole, amantadine, and escitalopram 30 min before [(18)F]FE-PE2I injection. The effect of L-DOPA combined with benserazide was assessed in the normal and PD rats. RESULTS The BPND was significantly lower in the lesioned striatum than in the striatum of the normal rats. After the pretreatment with pramipexole, amantadine, and escitalopram, the values of the striatal BPND did not differ from those of the controls. The pretreatment with L-DOPA/benserazide, however, significantly reduced the striatal BPND. The striatal BPND of the PD rats with L-DOPA/benserazide pretreatment was not different from that of the same PD rats with placebo treatment. CONCLUSION [(18)F]FE-PE2I may be used as a radioligand for the in-vivo imaging of the DAT. In the normal rats, [(18)F]FE-PE2I binding is unaffected by pramipexole, amantadine, and escitalopram. L-DOPA/benserazide does not affect the striatal [(18)F]FE-PE2I binding in PD rats.
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McHugh PC, Buckley DA. The Structure and Function of the Dopamine Transporter and its Role in CNS Diseases. HORMONES AND TRANSPORT SYSTEMS 2015; 98:339-69. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2014.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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26
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Vezoli J, Dzahini K, Costes N, Wilson CRE, Fifel K, Cooper HM, Kennedy H, Procyk E. Increased DAT binding in the early stage of the dopaminergic lesion: a longitudinal [11C]PE2I binding study in the MPTP-monkey. Neuroimage 2014; 102 Pt 2:249-61. [PMID: 25108180 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.07.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2014] [Revised: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The delayed appearance of motor symptoms in PD poses a crucial challenge for early detection of the disease. We measured the binding potential of the selective dopamine active transporter (DAT) radiotracer [(11)C]PE2I in MPTP-treated macaque monkeys, thus establishing a detailed profile of the nigrostriatal DA status following MPTP intoxication and its relation to induced motor and non-motor symptoms. Clinical score and cognitive performance were followed throughout the study. We measured longitudinally in vivo the non-displaceable binding potential to DAT in premotor, motor-recovered (i.e. both non-symptomatic) and symptomatic MPTP-treated monkeys. Results show an unexpected and pronounced dissociation between clinical scores and [(11)C]PE2I-BP(ND) during the premotor phase i.e. DAT binding in the striatum of premotor animals was increased around 20%. Importantly, this broad increase of DAT binding in the caudate, ventral striatum and anterior putamen was accompanied by i) deteriorated cognitive performance, showing a likely causal role of the observed hyperdopaminergic state (Cools, 2011; Cools and D'Esposito, 2011) and ii) an asymmetric decrease of DAT binding at a focal point of the posterior putamen, suggesting that increased DAT is one of the earliest, intrinsic compensatory mechanisms. Following spontaneous recovery from motor deficits, DAT binding was greatly reduced as recently shown in-vivo with other radiotracers (Blesa et al., 2010, 2012). Finally, high clinical scores were correlated to considerably low levels of DAT only after the induction of a stable parkinsonian state. We additionally show that the only striatal region which was significantly correlated to the degree of motor impairments is the ventral striatum. Further research on this period should allow better understanding of DA compensation at premature stages of PD and potentially identify new diagnosis and therapeutic index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Vezoli
- INSERM U846, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, Bron, France; Université de Lyon, Université Lyon1, Lyon, France.
| | - Kwamivi Dzahini
- INSERM U846, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, Bron, France; Université de Lyon, Université Lyon1, Lyon, France; Primastem (LifeStemCells), Bron, France
| | | | - Charles R E Wilson
- INSERM U846, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, Bron, France; Université de Lyon, Université Lyon1, Lyon, France
| | - Karim Fifel
- INSERM U846, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, Bron, France; Université de Lyon, Université Lyon1, Lyon, France
| | - Howard M Cooper
- INSERM U846, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, Bron, France; Université de Lyon, Université Lyon1, Lyon, France
| | - Henry Kennedy
- INSERM U846, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, Bron, France; Université de Lyon, Université Lyon1, Lyon, France
| | - Emmanuel Procyk
- INSERM U846, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, Bron, France; Université de Lyon, Université Lyon1, Lyon, France
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Alteration of daily and circadian rhythms following dopamine depletion in MPTP treated non-human primates. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86240. [PMID: 24465981 PMCID: PMC3900505 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Disturbances of the daily sleep/wake cycle are common non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the impact of dopamine (DA) depletion on circadian rhythms in PD patients or non-human primate (NHP) models of the disorder have not been investigated. We evaluated alterations of circadian rhythms in NHP following MPTP lesion of the dopaminergic nigro-striatal system. DA degeneration was assessed by in vivo PET ([(11)C]-PE2I) and post-mortem TH and DAT quantification. In a light∶dark cycle, control and MPTP-treated NHP both exhibit rest-wake locomotor rhythms, although DA-depleted NHP show reduced amplitude, decreased stability and increased fragmentation. In all animals, 6-sulphatoxymelatonin peaks at night and cortisol in early morning. When the circadian system is challenged by exposure to constant light, controls retain locomotor rest-wake and hormonal rhythms that free-run with stable phase relationships whereas in the DA-depleted NHP, locomotor rhythms are severely disturbed or completely abolished. The amplitude and phase relations of hormonal rhythms nevertheless remain unaltered. Use of a light-dark masking paradigm shows that expression of daily rest-wake activity in MPTP monkeys requires the stimulatory and inhibitory effects of light and darkness. These results suggest that following DA lesion, the central clock in the SCN remains intact but, in the absence of environmental timing cues, is unable to drive downstream rhythmic processes of striatal clock gene and dopaminergic functions that control locomotor output. These findings suggest that the circadian component of the sleep-wake disturbances in PD is more profoundly affected than previously assumed.
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Ren X, Zhang T, Gong X, Hu G, Ding W, Wang X. AAV2-mediated striatum delivery of human CDNF prevents the deterioration of midbrain dopamine neurons in a 6-hydroxydopamine induced parkinsonian rat model. Exp Neurol 2013; 248:148-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2013.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Revised: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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29
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Sodium do-decyl benzene sulfate modified carbon paste electrode as an electrochemical sensor for the simultaneous analysis of dopamine, ascorbic acid and uric acid: A voltammetric study. J Mol Liq 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2012.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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30
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van Bregt DR, Thomas TC, Hinzman JM, Cao T, Liu M, Bing G, Gerhardt GA, Pauly JR, Lifshitz J. Substantia nigra vulnerability after a single moderate diffuse brain injury in the rat. Exp Neurol 2012; 234:8-19. [PMID: 22178300 PMCID: PMC3294202 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2011.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2011] [Revised: 11/28/2011] [Accepted: 12/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Dementia and parkinsonism are late-onset symptoms associated with repetitive head injury, as documented in multiple contact-sport athletes. Clinical symptomatology is the likely phenotype of chronic degeneration and circuit disruption in the substantia nigra (SN). To investigate the initiating neuropathology, we hypothesize that a single diffuse brain injury is sufficient to initiate SN neuropathology including neuronal loss, vascular disruption and microglial activation, contributing to neurodegeneration and altered dopamine regulation. Adult, male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to sham or moderate midline fluid percussion brain injury. Stereological estimates indicated a significant 44% loss of the estimated total neuron number in the SN at 28-days post-injury, without atrophy of neuronal nuclear volumes, including 25% loss of tyrosine hydroxylase positive neurons by 28-days post-injury. Multi-focal vascular compromise occurred 1-2 days post-injury, with ensuing microglial activation (significant 40% increase at 4-days). Neurodegeneration (silver-stain technique) encompassed on average 21% of the SN by 7-days post-injury and increased to 29% by 28-days compared to sham (1%). Whole tissue SN, but not striatum, dopamine metabolism was altered at 28-days post-injury, without appreciable gene or protein changes in dopamine synthesis or regulation elements. Together, single moderate diffuse brain injury resulted in SN neurovascular pathology potentially associated with neuroinflammation or dopamine dysregulation. Compensatory mechanisms may preserve dopamine signaling acutely, but subsequent SN damage with aging or additional injury may expose clinical symptomatology of motor ataxias and dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R. van Bregt
- Spinal Cord & Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Theresa Currier Thomas
- Spinal Cord & Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Jason M. Hinzman
- Spinal Cord & Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
- Morris K. Udall Parkinson's Disease Research Center of Excellence, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
- Center for Microelectrode Technology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Tuoxin Cao
- Spinal Cord & Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Mei Liu
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Guoying Bing
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Greg A. Gerhardt
- Spinal Cord & Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
- Morris K. Udall Parkinson's Disease Research Center of Excellence, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
- Center for Microelectrode Technology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - James R. Pauly
- Spinal Cord & Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Kentucky College of Pharmacy, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Jonathan Lifshitz
- Spinal Cord & Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
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Santos LLM, Reis LOD, Bassi I, Guzella C, Cardoso F, Reis C, Gama ACC. Acoustic and hearing-perceptual voice analysis in individuals with idiopathic Parkinson's disease in "on" and "off" stages. ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA 2010; 68:706-11. [PMID: 21049179 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-282x2010000500006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2009] [Accepted: 04/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the voice quality of patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease, at the "on" and "off" moments of the disease. METHOD: Five individuals with Parkinson's disease and five of the control group were assessed. All of them underwent the recording of voice and speech. The acoustic parameters analyzed were: fundamental frequency, jitter, shimmer, harmonic noise proportion and index of tremor, besides performing the hearing-perceptual analysis by means of GRBASI scale. The findings were analyzed using statistics through t test and the level of significance adopted was p<0.05. RESULTS: There was no difference in the acoustic parameters in the three analyzed groups. In the hearing-perceptual analysis, patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease showed altered voice quality and the ones from the control group, neutral vocal quality. CONCLUSION: Patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease present rough, breathy and unstable vocal quality in both stages. In the acoustic analysis, there are no differences in the studied parameters.
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Liu L, Wang Y, Li B, Jia J, Sun Z, Zhang J, Tian J, Wang X. Evaluation of nigrostriatal damage and its change over weeks in a rat model of Parkinson's disease: small animal positron emission tomography studies with [11C]β-CFT. Nucl Med Biol 2009; 36:941-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2009.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2009] [Revised: 06/21/2009] [Accepted: 06/24/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Ballanger B, Jahanshahi M, Broussolle E, Thobois S. PET functional imaging of deep brain stimulation in movement disorders and psychiatry. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2009; 29:1743-54. [PMID: 19654584 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2009.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) represents a major advance in the treatment of various severe movement disorders or neuropsychiatric diseases. Our understanding of the mechanism of action of this surgical treatment has greatly benefited from functional imaging studies. Most of these studies have been conducted in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) treated by bilateral subthalamic nucleus (STN) stimulation. These studies have notably underlined the fact that STN stimulation influences motor, limbic, or associative cortical-subcortical loops in various (sometimes contradictory) ways. We present an up-to-date review of the information provided by functional imaging studies in surgery for PD, dystonia, tremor, as well as in psychiatric disorders such as depression or obsessive-compulsive disorder. On the basis of this information, proposed mechanisms of action of DBS are discussed, as well as the need for additional approaches such as improved anatomical localization of the contact used for stimulation or a better understanding of the electrical distribution around the electrode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedicte Ballanger
- PET Imaging Centre, Center of Addiction Mental Health, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Van Camp N, Blockx I, Verhoye M, Casteels C, Coun F, Leemans A, Sijbers J, Baekelandt V, Van Laere K, Van der Linden A. Diffusion tensor imaging in a rat model of Parkinson's disease after lesioning of the nigrostriatal tract. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2009; 22:697-706. [PMID: 19378292 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.1381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterised by degeneration of the nigrostrial connection causing dramatic changes in the dopaminergic pathway underlying clinical pathology. Till now, no MRI tools were available to follow up any specific PD-related neurodegeneration. However, recently, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) has received considerable attention as a new and potential in vivo diagnostic tool for various neurodegenerative diseases. To assess this in PD, we performed DTI in the acute 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) rat model of PD to evaluate diffusion properties in the degenerating nigrostriatal pathway and its connecting structures. Injection of a neurotoxin in the striatum causes retrograde neurodegeneration of the nigrostriatal tract, and selective degeneration of nigral neurons. The advantage of this model is that the lesion size is well controllable by the injected dose of the toxin. The degree of functional impairment was evaluated in vivo using the amphetamine rotation test and microPET imaging of the dopamine transporter (DAT). Despite a nearly complete lesion of the nigrostriatal tract, DTI changes were limited to the ipsilateral substantia nigra (SN). In this study we demonstrate, using voxel-based statistics (VBS), an increase in fractional anisotropy (FA), whereas all eigenvalues were significantly decreased. VBS enabled us to visualise neurodegeneration of a cluster of neurons but failed to detect degeneration of more diffuse microstructures such as the nigrostriatal fibres or the dopaminergic endings in the striatum. VBS without a priori information proved to be better than manual segmentation of brain structures as it does not suffer from volume averaging and is not susceptible to erroneous segmentations of brain regions that show very little contrast on MRI images such as SN.
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De Bruyne S, Boos TL, Wyffels L, Goeman JL, Rice KC, De Vos F. Synthesis, radiosynthesis and in vivo evaluation of [I]-4-(2-(bis(4-fluorophenyl)methoxy)ethyl)-1-(4-iodobenzyl)piperidine as a selective tracer for imaging the dopamine transporter. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2009; 52:304-311. [PMID: 19746191 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.1603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine transporter (DAT) neuroimaging is a useful tool in Parkinson's disease diagnosis, staging and follow-up providing information on the integrity of the dopaminergic neurotransmitter system in vivo. 4-(2-(Bis(4-fluorophenyl)-methoxy)ethyl)-1-(4-iodobenzyl)piperidine (7) has nanomolar affinity for DAT and better selectivity over the other monoamine transporters compared with the existing SPECT radioligands for DAT. The aim of this study was to synthesize and evaluate [(123)I]-7 as an in vivo tracer for DAT.The tributylstannyl precursor was synthesized with an overall yield of 25%. [(123)I]-7 was synthesized by electrophilic destannylation with a yield of 40±10%. Radiochemical purity appeared to be >98%, whereas specific activity was at least 667 GBq/μmol. Biodistribution studies in mice showed brain uptake of 0.96±0.53%ID/g at 30 s post injection (p.i.) and 0.26±0.02%ID/g at 3 h p.i. High blood activity was observed at all time points. Pretreatment with Cyclosporin A raised brain uptake indicating that [(123)I]-7 is transported by P-glycoprotein (P-gp) pumps. In rats, regional brain distribution of [(123)I]-7 was not in agreement with DAT distribution. These results indicate that [(123)I]-7 is not suitable for mapping DAT in vivo but could be a useful tracer for the P-gp transporter.
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Affiliation(s)
- S De Bruyne
- Laboratory for Radiopharmacy, Ghent University, Harelbekestraat 72, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Liao CH, Ling Z, Chou CH, Huang WS, Denq JC, Lin JC, Chen CY, Chang CJ, Peng GS. Involvement of nigrostriatal pathway in Japanese encephalitis with movement disorders: evidence from 99mTc-TRODAT-1 and 123I-IBZM SPECT imagings. Mol Imaging Biol 2009; 12:9-14. [PMID: 19548034 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-009-0244-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2008] [Revised: 02/03/2009] [Accepted: 03/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate molecular evidence of nigrostriatal pathway involvement in Japanese encephalitis (JE) survivors with movement complications. METHODS Three JE patients were recruited. All had cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) studies with (99m)Tc-TRODAT-1 and (123)I-IBZM. RESULTS Cranial MRI revealed involvement of bilateral thalami, substantia nigra, and medial temporal lobes in all three patients, but only case 1 had additional bilateral basal ganglia involvement. The (99m)Tc-TRODAT-1 SPECT for presynaptic dopamine transporter imaging disclosed asymmetrical decreases in bilateral striatal uptake in all three patients. However, the (123)I-IBZM SPECT imaging for postsynaptic D2 dopamine receptors (D2Rs) revealed inconsistent abnormalities including asymmetrical bilateral decreases (case 1), unilateral decrease (case 2), and bilateral increases (case 3) in striatal uptakes. CONCLUSION Data have suggested that presynaptic dopaminergic neurons in JE patients are more susceptible to JE virus than postsynaptic striatal neurons. The degree of movement impairment was more closely correlated to the degree of D2Rs disruption seen in (123)I-IBZM SPECT imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Hsu Liao
- Department of Neurology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Cheng-Kung Rd Section 2, Taipei, 114, Taiwan, Republic of China
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van der Vegt JPM, van Nuenen BFL, Bloem BR, Klein C, Siebner HR. Imaging the impact of genes on Parkinson's disease. Neuroscience 2009; 164:191-204. [PMID: 19409223 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2009.01.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2008] [Revised: 01/25/2009] [Accepted: 01/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Although Parkinson's disease (PD) has traditionally been considered to be a non-genetic disorder, recent progress in the neurogenetics of PD provided converging evidence that genetic factors play a relevant role in the etiology of PD. The strongest case for a genetic contribution to PD was made by the discovery of mutations in single genes that can cause autosomal dominant (alpha-synuclein (SNCA)) and leucine rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene) or recessive (Parkin, PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1), DJ-1, and ATP13A2 gene) forms of PD. Here, we review how structural and functional neuroimaging of individuals carrying a mutation in one of the PD genes has offered a unique avenue of research into the pathogenesis of PD. In symptomatic mutation carriers (i.e. those with overt disease), brain mapping can help to link the molecular pathogenesis of PD more directly with functional and structural changes in the intact human brain. In addition, neuroimaging of presymptomatic (i.e. non-manifesting) mutation carriers has emerged as a valuable tool to identify mechanisms of adaptive motor reorganization at the preclinical stage that may prevent or delay clinical manifestation. In addition to mutations causing monogenic forms of PD, common polymorphisms in genes that influence mono-aminergic signaling or synaptic plasticity may have modifying effects on distinct aspects of PD. We also discuss how functional and structural neuroimaging can be used to better characterize these genotype-phenotype correlations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P M van der Vegt
- Department of Neurology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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Chen ZP, Wang SP, Li XM, Liu CY, Tang J, Cao GX, Luo SN, Zhang LF, Jin J. A one-step automated high-radiochemical-yield synthesis of 18F-FECNT from mesylate precursor. Appl Radiat Isot 2008; 66:1881-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2008.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2007] [Revised: 05/06/2008] [Accepted: 05/08/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Shih MC, Felicio AC, de Oliveira Godeiro-Junior C, de Carvalho Aguiar P, de Andrade LAF, Ferraz HB, Bressan RA. Molecular imaging in hereditary forms of parkinsonism. Eur J Neurol 2007; 14:359-68. [PMID: 17388981 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2007.01691.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The development of in vivo molecular imaging to evaluate the dopamine (DA) system with positron-emission tomography and single photon emission computed tomography has been of key importance on monitoring in vivo nigrostriatal neuronal loss in Parkinson's disease (PD), mostly through assessments of pre- and post-synaptic DA receptors. The discoveries of genes related to hereditary forms of parkinsonism (PARK1, PARK2, PARK6, PARK7 and PARK8) have increased our understanding either of distinct subtypes of clinical expression in PD or its etiology. This article revises current data on molecular neuroimaging of genetic forms of parkinsonism comparing and contrasting its main features with the classical sporadic forms. Awareness of the spectrum variance in the genotype and its respective PD phenotype are useful to distinguish different pathophysiological mechanisms of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Shih
- Laboratório Interdiciplinar de Neuroimagem e Cognição (LiNC), Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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