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Koklesova L, Mazurakova A, Samec M, Biringer K, Samuel SM, Büsselberg D, Kubatka P, Golubnitschaja O. Homocysteine metabolism as the target for predictive medical approach, disease prevention, prognosis, and treatments tailored to the person. EPMA J 2021; 12:477-505. [PMID: 34786033 PMCID: PMC8581606 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-021-00263-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Homocysteine (Hcy) metabolism is crucial for regulating methionine availability, protein homeostasis, and DNA-methylation presenting, therefore, key pathways in post-genomic and epigenetic regulation mechanisms. Consequently, impaired Hcy metabolism leading to elevated concentrations of Hcy in the blood plasma (hyperhomocysteinemia) is linked to the overproduction of free radicals, induced oxidative stress, mitochondrial impairments, systemic inflammation and increased risks of eye disorders, coronary artery diseases, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, thrombotic events, cancer development and progression, osteoporosis, neurodegenerative disorders, pregnancy complications, delayed healing processes, and poor COVID-19 outcomes, among others. This review focuses on the homocysteine metabolism impairments relevant for various pathological conditions. Innovative strategies in the framework of 3P medicine consider Hcy metabolic pathways as the specific target for in vitro diagnostics, predictive medical approaches, cost-effective preventive measures, and optimized treatments tailored to the individualized patient profiles in primary, secondary, and tertiary care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Koklesova
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Alena Mazurakova
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Marek Samec
- Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Biomedical Centre Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 4D, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Kamil Biringer
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Samson Mathews Samuel
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine in Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, 24144 Doha, Qatar
| | - Dietrich Büsselberg
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine in Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, 24144 Doha, Qatar
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Olga Golubnitschaja
- Predictive, Preventive, Personalised (3P) Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
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Aghayan SS, Farajzadeh A, Bagheri-Hosseinabadi Z, Fadaei H, Yarmohammadi M, Jafarisani M. Elevated homocysteine, as a biomarker of cardiac injury, in panic disorder patients due to oxidative stress. Brain Behav 2020; 10:e01851. [PMID: 32969203 PMCID: PMC7749574 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Patients with panic disorder (PD) suffer from elevated oxidative stress as a consequence of serotonin metabolism disorder. These patients have elevated serotonin concentration and catabolism of serotonin via monoamine oxidase. The aim of the present study was to evaluate serum homocysteine concentration and its relationship with oxidative stress level in PD patients, regarding homocysteine as a diagnostic biomarker of heart disease. MATERIALS & METHOD Sixty patients with PD according to the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for a panic attack and 60 healthy individuals were included in the present study. Peripheral venous blood samples were taken from patients. Erythrocytes and serum were separated from blood, and RBC hemolysates were prepared to investigate oxidative stress indices including glutathione and glutathione peroxidase. Serum homocysteine and carbonyl groups concentrations were measured in all samples. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, and p < .05 was considered significant. RESULTS Results showed that serum carbonyl groups concentration was significantly higher in patients with PD than in healthy individuals (p < .001). The results also indicated decreased serum glutathione concentration and glutathione peroxidase activity in patients (p < .003). In addition, elevated homocysteine concentration in PD patients serum was observed during the present study (p < .003). CONCLUSION Our findings support that patients with PD experience higher levels of oxidative stress, due to impaired serotonin metabolism, which is related to the prognosis of heart disease in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zahra Bagheri-Hosseinabadi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Homeyra Fadaei
- Department of Medical sciences, Babol Branch, Islamic Azad University, Babol, Iran
| | | | - Moslem Jafarisani
- Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
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Low Vitamin B12 and Lipid Metabolism: Evidence from Pre-Clinical and Clinical Studies. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12071925. [PMID: 32610503 PMCID: PMC7400011 DOI: 10.3390/nu12071925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a worldwide epidemic responsible for 5% of global mortality. The risks of developing other key metabolic disorders like diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are increased by obesity, causing a great public health concern. A series of epidemiological studies and animal models have demonstrated a relationship between the importance of vitamin B12 (B12) and various components of metabolic syndrome. High prevalence of low B12 levels has been shown in European (27%) and South Indian (32%) patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). A longitudinal prospective study in pregnant women has shown that low B12 status could independently predict the development of T2D five years after delivery. Likewise, children born to mothers with low B12 levels may have excess fat accumulation which in turn can result in higher insulin resistance and risk of T2D and/or CVD in adulthood. However, the independent role of B12 on lipid metabolism, a key risk factor for cardiometabolic disorders, has not been explored to a larger extent. In this review, we provide evidence from pre-clinical and clinical studies on the role of low B12 status on lipid metabolism and insights on the possible epigenetic mechanisms including DNA methylation, micro-RNA and histone modifications. Although, there are only a few association studies of B12 on epigenetic mechanisms, novel approaches to understand the functional changes caused by these epigenetic markers are warranted.
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Yoshitomi R, Nakayama K, Yamashita S, Kumazoe M, Lin TA, Mei CY, Marugame Y, Fujimura Y, Maeda-Yamamoto M, Kuriyama S, Tachibana H. Plasma Homocysteine Concentration is Associated with the Expression Level of Folate Receptor 3. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10283. [PMID: 32581311 PMCID: PMC7314855 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67288-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Folic acid and folate receptors (FOLRs) play an important role in the downregulation of homocysteine (Hcy), a risk factor of Alzheimer's disease, thrombosis, neuropsychiatric illness and fractures. While several studies have reported that FOLR1 and FOLR2 import folic acid into cells, the role of FOLR3 remains unknown. In this study, we evaluated the impact of FOLR3 on the metabolism of Hcy alongside its protective effect against homocysteine-induced neurotoxicity. To reveal the role of FOLR3, we constructed FOLR3-overexpressed HEK293 cells (FOLR3+ cells) and evaluated cell growth, folic acid intake and Hcy-induced neurotoxicity. Subjects with a high expression of FOLR3 exhibited low levels of plasma homocysteine. The ectopic expression of FOLR3 enhanced cell growth, and the enhanced effect was neutralised by folic acid-deficient media. The Western blot analysis revealed that FOLR3 is secreted into cell supernatant. The folic acid intake of FOLR3+ cells was higher than that of wild-type cells. Supernatant from FOLR3+ cells showed a protective effect on Hcy-induced cytotoxicity. FOLR3 expression in plasma is negatively correlated with plasma homocysteine. Our study emphasizes the role of FOLR3 in the intake of folic acid into cells on the one hand and its protective role in Hcy-induced cytotoxicity on the other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren Yoshitomi
- Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kai Nakayama
- Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shuya Yamashita
- Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Institute of Fruit Tree and Tea Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Makurazaki, Japan
| | - Motofumi Kumazoe
- Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ting-An Lin
- Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Chen-Yi Mei
- Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuki Marugame
- Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Fujimura
- Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Mari Maeda-Yamamoto
- Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shinichi Kuriyama
- Division of Molecular Epidemiology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Tachibana
- Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
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Leon M, Sawmiller D, Shytle RD, Tan J. Therapeutic Cocktail Approach for Treatment of Hyperhomocysteinemia in Alzheimer's Disease. CELL MEDICINE 2018; 10:2155179017722280. [PMID: 32634177 PMCID: PMC6172991 DOI: 10.1177/2155179017722280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In the United States, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia, accompanied by substantial economic and emotional costs. During 2015, more than 15 million family members who provided care to AD patients had an estimated total cost of 221 billion dollars. Recent studies have shown that elevated total plasma levels of homocysteine (tHcy), a condition known as hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy), is a risk factor for AD. HHcy is associated with cognitive decline, brain atrophy, and dementia; enhances the vulnerability of neurons to oxidative injury; and damages the blood-brain barrier. Many therapeutic supplements containing vitamin B12 and folate have been studied to help decrease tHcy to a certain degree. However, a therapeutic cocktail approach with 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, methyl B12, betaine, and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) have not been studied. This novel approach may help target multiple pathways simultaneously to decrease tHcy and its toxicity substantially.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Leon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Rashid Laboratory for Developmental Neurobiology, Silver Child Development Center, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Darrell Sawmiller
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Rashid Laboratory for Developmental Neurobiology, Silver Child Development Center, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - R Douglas Shytle
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Center for Excellence in Aging and Brain Repair, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jun Tan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Rashid Laboratory for Developmental Neurobiology, Silver Child Development Center, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
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Hussein J, El-Bana M, Refaat E, El-Naggar ME. Synthesis of carvacrol-based nanoemulsion for treating neurodegenerative disorders in experimental diabetes. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Coppola M, Mondola R. Correlation between plasma homocysteine levels and craving in alcohol dependent stabilized patients. Clin Nutr 2017; 37:1061-1065. [PMID: 28527647 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Revised: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Homocysteine is a sulfur amino acid strictly related with alcohol consumption. In alcoholics, hyperhomocysteinemia can increase the risk of various alcohol-related disorders such as: brain atrophy, epileptic seizures during withdrawal, and mood disorders. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the correlation among serum homocysteine concentrations, craving, hazardous and harmful patterns of alcohol consumption in patients stabilized for withdrawal symptoms. METHODS Participants were adult outpatients accessed at the Addiction Treatment Unit. Alcoholism was assessed using the following tools: Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview Plus (MINI Plus), Alcohol Use Disorder Identification test (AUDIT), Visual Analogic Scale for craving (VAS). Furthermore, during the first visit a blood sample was taken from all patients to measure the plasma concentration of both homocysteine and Carboxy Deficient Transferrin (CDT). Differences between groups in socio-demographic and clinical characteristics were analyzed using the t-test and the Mann-Whitney's U test for normally and non-normally distributed data, respectively. Correlation between clinical scale scores and plasma concentration of homocysteine and CDT was evaluated using the Pearson's correlation coefficient and the Kendall's Tau-b bivariate correlation coefficient for normally and non-normally distributed data, respectively. RESULTS Our study included 92 patients. No difference was found in socio-demographic characteristics between groups. The group with high homocysteine had higher prevalence of mood disorders (p < 0.001), plasma CDT percentage (p < 0.001), VAS score (p < 0.001) and AUDIT score (p < 0.001) than group with normal homocysteine. Plasma homocysteine showed a positive correlation with both VAS score (p < 0.001), and AUDIT score (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS In our study, plasma homocysteine concentration is associated with craving, hazardous and harmful patterns of alcohol consumption. In particular, homocysteine is correlated with alcoholism in a bidirectional manner because its level appears to be related with alcohol degree, but simultaneously, hyperhomocysteinemia could enhance the alcohol consumption increasing the severity of craving in a circular self reinforcing mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Coppola
- Department of Addiction, ASL CN2, Corso Coppino 46, 12051 Alba (CN), Italy.
| | - Raffaella Mondola
- Department of Mental Health, ASL CN1, Via Torino 70/B, 12037 Saluzzo (CN), Italy
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Hatefi M, Behzadi S, Dastjerdi MM, Ghahnavieh AA, Rahmani A, Mahdizadeh F, Hafezi Ahmadi MR, Asadollahi K. Correlation of Homocysteine with Cerebral Hemodynamic Abnormality, Endothelial Dysfunction Markers, and Cognition Impairment in Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury. World Neurosurg 2017; 97:70-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2016.09.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Mild Hyperhomocysteinemia Increases Brain Acetylcholinesterase and Proinflammatory Cytokine Levels in Different Tissues. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 50:589-96. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8660-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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10
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Hao M, Zhang Y, Hou S, Chen Y, Shi M, Zhao G, Deng Y. Spinal cord demyelination combined with hyperhomocysteinemia: a case report. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2014; 10:2057-9. [PMID: 25395853 PMCID: PMC4224091 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s70963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) has been recognized as an independent risk factor for atherosclerotic vascular disease. Here we report a patient who suffered from spinal cord demyelination combined with HHcy. The patient was admitted to our hospital with a diagnosis of acute myelitis. However, hormone therapy was ineffective. Further investigations revealed that he had HHcy and a homozygous mutation of the gene encoding methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) c.677C>T, which is a key enzyme involved in homocysteine metabolism. In view of these findings, we treated the patient with B vitamins and his symptoms gradually improved. Spinal magnetic resonance imaging performed 3 months after onset showed near recovery of the lesion. To our knowledge, similar reports are rare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meimei Hao
- Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuangxing Hou
- Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanling Chen
- Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Shi
- Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanchun Deng
- Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
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Doğanli C, Oxvig C, Lykke-Hartmann K. Zebrafish as a novel model to assess Na+/K(+)-ATPase-related neurological disorders. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2013; 37:2774-87. [PMID: 24091024 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Revised: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Modeling neurological disorders using zebrafish increases rapidly as this model system allows easy access to all developmental stages and imaging of pathological processes. A surprising degree of functional conservation has been demonstrated between human genes implicated in neurodegenerative diseases and their zebrafish orthologues. Zebrafish offers rapid high throughput screening of therapeutic compounds and live imaging of pathogenic mechanisms in vivo. Several recent zebrafish studies functionally assessed the role of the sodium-potassium pump (Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase). The Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase maintains the electrochemical gradients across the plasma membrane, essential for e.g. signaling, secondary active transport, glutamate re-uptake and neuron excitability in animal cells. Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase mutations are associated with neurological disorders, where mutations in the Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase α2 and α3 isoforms cause Familial hemiplegic migraine type 2 (FHM2) and Rapid-onset dystonia-parkinsonism (RDP)/Alternating hemiplegic childhood (AHC), respectively. In zebrafish, knock-down of Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase isoforms included skeletal and heart muscle defects, impaired embryonic motility, depolarized Rohon-beard neurons and abrupt brain ventricle development. In this review, we discuss zebrafish as a model to assess Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase isoform functions. Furthermore, studies investigating proteomic changes in both α2- and α3-isoform deficient embryos and their potential connections to the Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase functions will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canan Doğanli
- Centre for Membrane Pumps in Cells and Disease-PUMPKIN, Danish National Research Foundation, Copenhagen, Denmark; Aarhus University, Department of Biomedicine, Ole Worms Allé 3, Building 1171, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark; Aarhus University, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, Building 3135, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
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12
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Pivi GAK, Bertolucci PHF, Schultz RR. Nutrition in severe dementia. Curr Gerontol Geriatr Res 2012; 2012:983056. [PMID: 22645608 PMCID: PMC3356862 DOI: 10.1155/2012/983056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2011] [Revised: 02/18/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
An increasing proportion of older adults with Alzheimer's disease or other dementias are now surviving to more advanced stages of the illness. Advanced dementia is associated with feeding problems, including difficulty in swallowing and respiratory diseases. Patients become incompetent to make decisions. As a result, complex situations may arise in which physicians and families decide whether artificial nutrition and hydration (ANH) is likely to be beneficial for the patient. The objective of this paper is to present methods for evaluating the nutritional status of patients with severe dementia as well as measures for the treatment of nutritional disorders, the use of vitamin and mineral supplementation, and indications for ANH and pharmacological therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rodrigo Rizek Schultz
- Behavior Neurology Section, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), 04025-000 São Paulo SP, Brazil
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Evidence that AKT and GSK‐3β pathway are involved in acute hyperhomocysteinemia. Int J Dev Neurosci 2012; 30:369-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2012.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2012] [Revised: 04/04/2012] [Accepted: 04/05/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
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da Cunha AA, Ferreira AGK, Loureiro SO, da Cunha MJ, Schmitz F, Netto CA, Wyse ATS. Chronic Hyperhomocysteinemia Increases Inflammatory Markers in Hippocampus and Serum of Rats. Neurochem Res 2012; 37:1660-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-012-0769-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2011] [Revised: 03/22/2012] [Accepted: 03/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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15
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Parellada M, Moreno C, Mac-Dowell K, Leza JC, Giraldez M, Bailón C, Castro C, Miranda-Azpiazu P, Fraguas D, Arango C. Plasma antioxidant capacity is reduced in Asperger syndrome. J Psychiatr Res 2012; 46:394-401. [PMID: 22225920 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2011.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2011] [Revised: 10/07/2011] [Accepted: 10/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that children with autism have impaired detoxification capacity and may suffer from chronic oxidative stress. To our knowledge, there has been no study focusing on oxidative metabolism specifically in Asperger syndrome (a milder form of autism) or comparing this metabolism with other psychiatric disorders. In this study, total antioxidant status (TAOS), non-enzymatic (glutathione and homocysteine) and enzymatic (catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase) antioxidants, and lipid peroxidation were measured in plasma or erythrocyte lysates in a group of adolescent patients with Asperger syndrome, a group of adolescents with a first episode of psychosis, and a group of healthy controls at baseline and at 8-12 weeks. TAOS was also analyzed at 1 year. TAOS was reduced in Asperger individuals compared with healthy controls and psychosis patients, after covarying by age and antipsychotic treatment. This reduced antioxidant capacity did not depend on any of the individual antioxidant variables measured. Psychosis patients had increased homocysteine levels in plasma and decreased copper and ceruloplasmin at baseline. In conclusion, Asperger patients seem to have chronic low detoxifying capacity. No impaired detoxifying capacity was found in the first-episode psychosis group in the first year of illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Parellada
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Centro de Investigación en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Dr Esquerdo 46, Madrid, Spain.
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da Cunha MJ, da Cunha AA, Ferreira AGK, Machado FR, Schmitz F, Lima DD, Delwing D, Mussulini BHM, Wofchuk S, Netto CA, Wyse ATS. Physical exercise reverses glutamate uptake and oxidative stress effects of chronic homocysteine administration in the rat. Int J Dev Neurosci 2012; 30:69-74. [PMID: 22244886 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2012.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2011] [Accepted: 01/01/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The influence of physical exercise on the effects elicited by homocysteine on glutamate uptake and some parameters of oxidative stress, namely thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein (H(2)DCF) oxidation, as well as enzymatic antioxidant activities, superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase in rat cerebral cortex were investigated. Wistar rats received subcutaneous administration of homocysteine or saline (control) from the 6th to 29th day of life. The physical exercise was performed from the 30th to 60th day of life; 12 h after the last exercise session animals were sacrificed and the cerebral cortex was dissected out. It is shown that homocysteine reduces glutamate uptake increases thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances and disrupts enzymatic antioxidant defenses in cerebral cortex. Physical activity reversed the homocysteine effects on glutamate uptake and on antioxidant enzymes activities; although the increase in thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances was only partially reversed by exercise. These findings allow us to suggest that physical exercise may have a protective role against homocysteine-induced oxidative imbalance and brain damage to the glutamatergic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maira J da Cunha
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Machado FR, Ferreira AGK, da Cunha AA, Tagliari B, Mussulini BHM, Wofchuk S, Wyse ATS. Homocysteine alters glutamate uptake and Na+,K+-ATPase activity and oxidative status in rats hippocampus: protection by vitamin C. Metab Brain Dis 2011; 26:61-7. [PMID: 21287399 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-011-9232-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2010] [Accepted: 01/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In the present study we investigate the effect of homocysteine on glutamate uptake, Na+,K+-ATPase, enzymatic antioxidant defenses, as well as reactive species levels in hippocampus of rats. The influence of vitamin C, a classic antioxidant, on the effects elicited by homocysteine was also tested. Results showed that chronic hyperhomocysteinemia decreased glutamate uptake and the activities of Na+,K+-ATPase, catalase and superoxide dismutase in hippocampus of rats. Reactive species levels were increased by chronic homocysteine administration. Concomitant administration of vitamin C significantly prevented these alterations caused by homocysteine. According to our results, it seems possible to suggest that the reduction in glutamate uptake and Na+,K+-ATPase activity may be mediated by oxidative stress, since vitamin C prevented these effects. We suggest that the administration of antioxidants should be considered as an adjuvant therapy to specific diet in homocystinuria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda R Machado
- Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Doença Metabólica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, CEP 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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18
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Uehara SK, Rosa G. Associação da deficiência de ácido fólico com alterações patológicas e estratégias para sua prevenção: uma visão crítica. REV NUTR 2010. [DOI: 10.1590/s1415-52732010000500018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A deficiência de ácido fólico está associada às doenças crônicas não-transmissíveis, complicações na gestação e doenças neurodegenerativas. Objetivou-se discutir o papel do ácido fólico na prevenção de doenças, os aspectos epidemiológicos de sua deficiência, fortificação dos alimentos e suplementação medicamentosa. Realizou-se levantamento bibliográfico, consultando as bases de dados para a obtenção dos artigos completos: MedLine, SciELO, PubMed, Highwire Press e Science Direct. Foram selecionados estudos realizados com seres humanos publicados entre 2004 e 2010. O ácido fólico é importante para as reações de metilação do ácido desoxirribonucléico, prevenção da hiper-homocisteinemia e atua como antioxidante. A deficiência dessa vitamina é descrita em adolescentes, mulheres em idade fértil, gestantes e em idosos. Seu alcance pela dieta é difícil, sendo necessária a inclusão de alimentos fortificados ou suplementos. É importante avaliar o estado nutricional de ácido fólico dos indivíduos antes e após a adoção dessas estratégias, de modo a gerar subsídios para ela-boração de medidas governamentais mais adequadas e eficazes. Destacamos ainda a necessidade da reeducação nutricional para a população brasileira a fim de aumentar o consumo de alimentos fontes de ácido fólico.
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19
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Hyperhomocysteinemia reduces glutamate uptake in parietal cortex of rats. Int J Dev Neurosci 2009; 28:183-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2009.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2009] [Revised: 10/26/2009] [Accepted: 11/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Dantas AMC, Frank AA, Soares EA. Vitaminas antioxidantes na Doença de Parkinson. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE GERIATRIA E GERONTOLOGIA 2008. [DOI: 10.1590/1809-9823.2008.110110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo A doença de Parkinson é uma enfermidade neurodegenerativa caracterizada pela presença de rigidez, tremor e bradicinesia, sendo um dos distúrbios do movimento mais encontrados na população idosa. Estudos mostraram que o estresse oxidativo, o uso prolongado da droga levodopa no tratamento dessa doença e o aumento da concentração plasmática de homocisteína são agentes que agravam os sintomas. Muitos nutrientes estão sendo pesquisados tanto na prevenção como no tratamento da doença, dentre os quais se destacam as vitaminas antioxidantes. Houve recentemente aumento do número de pesquisas sobre a ação dessas vitaminas, atenuando os danos causados ao cérebro nesses pacientes. Desta forma, o artigo teve como objetivo reunir, na literatura científica, informações recentes sobre a influência das vitaminas C, E, B6, B12 e folato na doença de Parkinson. Embora as evidências do efeito dessas vitaminas nos pacientes com a doença sejam comprovadas em algumas pesquisas, ainda há controvérsias entre os autores, sendo necessário realizar mais estudos sobre o assunto.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eliane Abreu Soares
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
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21
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Okuse C, Adachi K, Katakura Y, Matsunaga K, Ishii T, Matsumoto N, Yotsuyanagi H, Iino S, Suzuki M, Itoh F. A case of deep venous thrombosis associated with pegylated interferon alpha2b plus ribavirin treatment of chronic hepatitis C. J Gastroenterol 2006; 41:1231-6. [PMID: 17287904 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-006-1910-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2006] [Accepted: 09/01/2006] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We present a case of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) during pegylated interferon (peg-IFN)-alpha2b plus ribavirin treatment of chronic hepatitis C (CHC). A 67-year-old man, who had been under treatment for hypertension and diabetes mellitus, was admitted to our hospital for peg-IFN-alpha2b plus ribavirin treatment for CHC. His serum hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA level became undetectable 1 week after the initiation of peg-IFN-alpha2b plus ribavirin treatment. He suffered from severe pain, flare, and edema in both of his lower legs 6 weeks after the initiation of peg-IFN-alpha2b plus ribavirin treatment. He was diagnosed as having DVT because of the presence of a thrombus in the right soleus vein by ultrasonography. Peg-IFN-alpha2b plus ribavirin treatment was discontinued because a causal relationship between DVT and peg-IFN-alpha2b plus ribavirin treatment was suspected. DVT was not observed and the symptoms in both of his legs were improved after the administration of warfarin potassium. Subsequently, DVT has not recurred, and he has remained HCV-RNA negative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiaki Okuse
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki 216-8511, Japan
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22
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Fraguas R, Papakostas GI, Mischoulon D, Bottiglieri T, Alpert J, Fava M. Anger attacks in major depressive disorder and serum levels of homocysteine. Biol Psychiatry 2006; 60:270-4. [PMID: 16325154 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2005] [Revised: 08/03/2005] [Accepted: 08/15/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased levels of homocysteine have been associated with anger and depression separately. We investigated the association of anger attacks in major depressive disorder (MDD) with serum levels of homocysteine. METHODS Homocysteine serum levels were measured in 192 outpatients with nonpsychotic MDD, mean age 39.9 +/- 10.7 (range 19-65), 53% women, at baseline of an open-trial antidepressant treatment. We used the Massachusetts General Hospital Anger Attacks Questionnaire to evaluate anger attacks, the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R Axis I Disorders-Patient Edition (SCID-I/P) to diagnose MDD and the 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression to measure depression severity. RESULTS In the multiple regression analysis split by anger attacks adjusted for parameters of depression, creatinine, vitamin B(12), folate, age, smoking, and alcohol consumption, serum levels of homocysteine were positively correlated with length of current major depressive episode (t value, 3.01; 95% confidence interval [CI], .09 to .43; p = .004) and HAM-D-17 scores (t value, 2.48; 95% CI, .07 to 0.64; p = .016) in patients with anger attacks but not in those without anger attacks. CONCLUSIONS Anger attacks in MDD may moderate the relationship of homocysteine serum levels with the severity and length of the depressive episode. Future studies are warranted to confirm and clarify the nature of this moderating effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renerio Fraguas
- Depression Clinical and Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.
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Paşca SP, Nemeş B, Vlase L, Gagyi CE, Dronca E, Miu AC, Dronca M. High levels of homocysteine and low serum paraoxonase 1 arylesterase activity in children with autism. Life Sci 2005; 78:2244-8. [PMID: 16297937 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2005.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2005] [Accepted: 09/13/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Autism is a behaviorally defined disorder of unknown etiology that is thought to be influenced by genetic and environmental factors. High levels of homocysteine and oxidative stress are generally associated with neuropsychiatric disorders. The purpose of this study was to compare the level of homocysteine and other biomarkers in children with autism to corresponding values in age-matched healthy children. We measured total homocysteine (tHcy), vitamin B(12), paraoxonase and arylesterase activities of human paraoxonase 1 (PON1) in plasma and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity in erythrocytes from 21 children: 12 with autism (age: 8.29 +/- 2.76 years) and 9 controls (age: 8.33 +/- 1.82 years). We found statistically significant differences in tHcy levels and in arylesterase activity of PON1 in children with autism compared to the control group: 9.83 +/- 2.75 vs. 7.51 +/- 0.93 micromol/L (P < or =0.01) and 72.57 +/- 11.73 vs. 81.83 +/- 7.39 kU/L (P < or =0.005). In the autistic group there was a strong negative correlation between tHcy and GPx activity and the vitamin B(12) level was low or suboptimal. In conclusion, our study shows that in children with autism there are higher levels of tHcy, which is negatively correlated with GPx activity, low PON1 arylesterase activity and suboptimal levels of vitamin B(12).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergiu P Paşca
- Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Haieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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