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de Mendonça DR, Couto LFM, Pureza LH, Martins DB, Soares VE, Ferreira LL, Fioravanti MCS, Bastos TSA, da Cunha PHJ, Lopes WDZ. First record of a possible trypanotolerant cattle breed in Latin America: Parasitological, serological, and clinical aspects. Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports 2024; 54:101090. [PMID: 39237241 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2024.101090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
Trypanosoma vivax infections are endemic in Africa, where they provoke trypanosomosis against which some local taurine breeds are tolerant and are thus named trypanotolerant. In Latin America, T. vivax was imported in 1919, since when it has been responsible for periodic outbreaks of the disease. This study assessed whether a South American taurine breed resilient to several parasitic and infectious diseases (Curraleiro Pé-Duro-CPD) can meet trypanotolerant criteria (control parasite proliferation, prevent anemia, survive without treatment, and maintain productivity). Three groups were established, each consisting of six animals (Group 1: CPD-infected; Group 2: Holstein/Gyr-infected; Group 3: Holstein/Gyr-uninfected, negative control). Groups 1 and 2 were infected with T. vivax on Day 0 and evaluated until day 532. Throughout the experimental period, parasitological (Woo and Brener), molecular (cPCR), serological (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay - ELISA, indirect fluorescent antibody test - IFAT, immunochromatographic assay - IA), and clinical (hemogram, fever, weight loss) aspects were evaluated. During the acute phase of the disease, T. vivax was initially detected in Holstein/Gyr. Notably, the CPD animals restored their packed cell volume (PCV) values to the normal range 74 days after inoculations. In the chronic phase, two of the six CPD animals were positive by cPCR until D + 522 following immunosuppression with dexamethasone. Regarding serological aspects, the two CPD animals had positive tests until D + 532. The absence of T. vivax in blood during the chronic phase did not correspond to "self-cure". Holstein/Gyr animals exhibited fever on more evaluation days than CPD animals. Both breeds experienced weight loss, with Holstein/Gyr animals losing significantly more weight. On D + 25, the Holstein/Gyr group required treatment. During the 532 days, none of the CPD animals required treatment, even after being sensitized with dexamethasone. Animals from Group 3 tested negative for T. vivax throughout the experiment. This study demonstrated that CPD cattle fulfill the mentioned trypanotolerant criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Luana Hernandez Pureza
- Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Danieli Brolo Martins
- Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | | | - Lorena Lopes Ferreira
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Welber Daniel Zanetti Lopes
- Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil; Departamento de Biociências e Tecnologia, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.
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Couto LFM, Bastos TSA, Morais IMLD, Salvador VF, Leal LLLL, Falavigna RB, Spricigo JFW, Mota RA, Cruz BC, Colli MHA, Scarpa AB, Soares VE, Ferreira LL, Lopes WDZ. Reproductive, productive and financial consequences of chronic Trypanosoma vivax infection in a dairy cattle herd in a region without a cyclic vector. Vet Parasitol 2024; 330:110221. [PMID: 38878461 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
This study evaluated the reproductive, productive and financial consequences of chronic Trypanosoma vivax infection in a dairy cattle herd located in a region without the cyclic vector during two years. Animals were categorized as either positive (chronically infected) or negative for T. vivax antibodies using a commercial rapid test. Additionally, serum samples from cows were analyzed for the presence of anti-Neospora caninum antibodies. Pregnancy diagnoses were performed through rectal palpation and ultrasonography after 30, 60 and every 21 days until the 144th day of pregnancy. If an abortion occurred in the final trimester, serology and cPCR were performed on calves for T. vivax and N. caninum. The breeding period, calving interval and pregnancy losses were recorded. The milk production of each animal during the 305 days of lactation was measured, and the annual financial impact of milk production was calculated using a revenue minus feed cost (RMFC) indicator. Out of 177 cows, 71.75 % were chronically infected, and 13.50 % were T. vivax-negative. No correlation (p = 0.8854) of co-infection between T. vivax and N. caninum was observed. Negative cows required fewer (p≤0.05) artificial inseminations than chronically infected ones. T. vivax was not significantly associated (p = 0.7893) with pregnancy loss up to 81 days of pregnancy. Cows chronically infected by T. vivax had 4-fold greater chance (p = 0.0280) of experiencing pregnancy loss between 82 and 144 days of gestation. Eighteen cows aborted, two were positive for T. vivax antibodies, and one for N. caninum antibodies. The calves were negative for T. vivax and N. caninum. Chronically infected cows and negative cows for T. vivax that experienced pregnancy loss (82-144 days of pregnancy) had a longer (p≤0.05) breeding period to become pregnant, and consequently a longer calving interval compared to cows that maintained pregnancy. The difference (p≤0.05) in milk production was evident when pregnancy loss occurred between 82 and 144 days of gestation in cows chronically infected by T. vivax. The RMFC indicated a negative impact of 38.2 % on the farm's annual milk revenue due to the presence of chronically infected cows.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thiago Souza Azeredo Bastos
- Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil; Faculdade Anhanguera, Anápolis, Goiás, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Rinaldo Aparecido Mota
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Breno Cayero Cruz
- Departamento de Patologia Veterinária, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Lorena Lopes Ferreira
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Welber Daniel Zanetti Lopes
- Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil; Departamento de Biociências e Tecnologia, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.
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de Melo-Junior RD, Bastos TSA, Couto LFM, Cavalcante ASDA, Zapa DMB, de Morais IML, Heller LM, Salvador VF, Leal LLLL, Franco ADO, Miguel MP, Ferreira LL, Cadioli FA, Machado RZ, Lopes WDZ. Trypanosoma vivax in and outside cattle blood: Parasitological, molecular, and serological detection, reservoir tissues, histopathological lesions, and vertical transmission evaluation. Res Vet Sci 2024; 174:105290. [PMID: 38776695 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
This study reports assessment of the sensitivity of diagnostic techniques to detect T. vivax in experimentally infected cattle. Additionally, it describes T. vivax extravascular parasitism during the acute and chronic phases of trypanosomosis and congenital transmission. The T. vivax diagnosis was compared using blood samples collected from the jugular, coccygeal and ear tip veins. For this study, 13 males and two females were infected with ≈ 1 × 106 viable T. vivax trypomastigotes (D0). One animal was kept as a negative control during the entire study. The 13 infected males were euthanized between 14 and 749 days post-infection (DPI). After confirming the cyclicity of both females (9 months of age), they were naturally mated with a bull. One female was euthanized at 840 DPI, and the other at 924 DPI. The two calves, one from each female, were euthanized at six months of age (924 DPI), and the negative control at 924 DPI. During this period, T. vivax in blood was assessed using direct methods (Woo test, cPCR, microscopic examination of fresh wet blood films and parasite quantification - Brener method), and serological methods (IFAT, ELISA, and IA). Tissue samples were collected from the liver, spleen, brain, cerebellum, heart, testicles, epididymis, kidneys, eyeballs, pre-scapular lymph nodes, ear tips, mammary glands, uterus, and ovaries. The protozoan DNA was examined using LAMP. There was no difference in the detection of T. vivax using the Woo test and Brener method among the jugular, coccygeal, and ear tip veins. The sensitivity of the detection methods varied depending on the disease phase. Direct methods (Woo test, Brener method, and cPCR) demonstrated higher sensitivity during the acute phase, while serological methods (IFAT, ELISA, and IA) were more sensitive during the chronic phase. Anti-T. vivax antibodies were detected up to 924 DPI. Tissue evaluation using LAMP demonstrated the presence of T. vivax DNA and associated histopathological changes up to 840 or 924 DPI. Only in mammary glands and ovaries was no DNA detected. The most frequently observed histopathological alteration was lymphohistioplasmocytic inflammatory infiltrate. No transplacental transmission of T. vivax was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thiago Souza Azeredo Bastos
- Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil; Faculdade Anhanguera, Anápolis, Goiás, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Luciana Maffini Heller
- Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | | | | | - Artur de Oliveira Franco
- Departamento de Biociências e Tecnologia, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Marina Pacheco Miguel
- Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil; Departamento de Biociências e Tecnologia, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Lorena Lopes Ferreira
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fabiano Antonio Cadioli
- Departamento de Clínica, Cirurgia e Reprodução Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rosangela Zacarias Machado
- Departamento de Patologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Welber Daniel Zanetti Lopes
- Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil; Departamento de Biociências e Tecnologia, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.
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Bontempi IA, Arias DG, Castro GV, Peverengo LM, Díaz GF, Allassia M, Greif G, Marcipar I. Improved serodiagnosis of Trypanosoma vivax infections in cattle reveals high infection rates in the livestock regions of Argentina. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2024; 18:e0012020. [PMID: 38924064 PMCID: PMC11233006 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0012020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Bovine trypanosomosis, caused by Trypanosoma vivax, currently affects cattle and has a significant economic impact in sub-Saharan Africa and South America. The development of new diagnostic antigens is essential to improve and refine existing methods. Our study evaluated the efficacy of two recombinant antigens in detecting specific antibodies in cattle. These antigens are derivatives of an invariant surface glycoprotein (ISG) from T. vivax. A fraction of a previously described antigen (TvY486_0045500), designated TvISGAf, from an African strain was evaluated, and a new ISG antigen from an American isolate, TvISGAm, was identified. The two antigens were expressed as fusion proteins in Escherichia coli: TvISGAf was fused to the MBP-His-tag, and TvISGAm was obtained as a His-tag fused protein. An ELISA evaluation was conducted using these antigens on 149 positive and 63 negative bovine samples. The diagnostic performance was enhanced by the use of a combination of both antigens (referred to as TvISG-based ELISA), achieving a sensitivity of 89.6% and specificity of 93.8%. Following the validation of the TvISG-based ELISA, the seroprevalence of T. vivax infection in 892 field samples from cattle in the central region of Argentina was determined. The mean seroprevalence of T. vivax was 53%, with variation ranging from 21% to 69% among the six departments studied. These results support the use of the TvISG ELISA as a valuable serological tool for the detection and monitoring of T. vivax infection in cattle. Furthermore, we report for the first time the seroprevalence of T. vivax in Argentina, which highlights the widespread endemic nature of the disease in the region. In order to effectively manage the increasing spread of T. vivax in the vast livestock production areas of South America, it is essential to implement consistent surveillance programs and to adopt preventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Alejandro Bontempi
- Laboratorio de Tecnología Inmunológica, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Diego Gustavo Arias
- Laboratorio de Enzimología Molecular, Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina
- Cátedra de Bioquímica Básica de Macromoléculas, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Graciela Verónica Castro
- Laboratorio de Tecnología Inmunológica, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Luz María Peverengo
- Laboratorio de Tecnología Inmunológica, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Genaro Francisco Díaz
- Laboratorio de Tecnología Inmunológica, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Martín Allassia
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Gonzalo Greif
- Laboratorio de Interacciones Huésped Patógeno-UBM, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Iván Marcipar
- Laboratorio de Tecnología Inmunológica, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
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Pandolfi IA, de Oliveira WA, Martins-Filho OA, de Araújo FF, da Costa Rocha IA, Bittar ER, Araújo MSS, Bittar JFF. The seasonality as a relevant aspect to be considered for differential diagnosis of Trypanosoma vivax infection and co-infections in female cattle. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2024; 109:102180. [PMID: 38653007 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2024.102180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Bovine Trypanosomiasis and other infectious diseases cause relevant loss for the livestock industry impacting productive/reproductive indices. This study intended to better understand the frequency, seasonality, and profile of infections associated with Bovine Trypanosomiasis. A total of 1443 serum samples were screened for T. vivax infection and other infectious diseases: Neosporosis, Leptospirosis, Bovine Leukosis Virus infection/(BLV), Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis/(IBR) or Bovine Viral Diarrhea/(BVD). Distinct methods were used for screening and diagnosis: immunofluorescence assay (Trypanosomiasis), ELISA (Neosporosis,BLV,IBR,BVD) and microscopic agglutination test (Leptospirosis). Our findings demonstrated that the seropositivity for Trypanosomiasis=57% was similar to Neosporosis=55%, higher than Leptospirosis=39% and BVL=34%, but lower than IBR=88% and BVD=71%. The seropositivity for Trypanosomiasis was higher in the autumn and lower in the winter. Regardless the season, the IBR seropositivity (min=73%;max=95%) was higher than Trypanosomiasis (min=48%;max=68%). Moreover, Neosporosis (min=71%;max=100%) and BVD (min=65%;max=76%) were more frequent than Trypanosomiasis in the summer, winter and spring. The diagnosis outcome revealed that Trypanosomiasis&IBR=43% and Trypanosomiasis&Neosporosis=35% were the most frequent co-infections with higher seropositivity in the autumn (58%) and summer (80%), respectively. Noteworthy, high seropositivity to Trypanosomiasis&BVD was registered in the autumn (46%). Together, our data re-enforce the relevance of differential diagnosis between Trypanosomiasis with other bovine infectious diseases and that differences in the seasonality profile is a relevant aspect to be considered while selecting the differential diagnosis to be applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Andrade Pandolfi
- Universidade de Uberaba (UNIUBE), Medicina Veterinária, Mestrado em Sanidade e Produção Animal nos Trópicos, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Wallacy Augusto de Oliveira
- Universidade de Uberaba (UNIUBE), Medicina Veterinária, Mestrado em Sanidade e Produção Animal nos Trópicos, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Olindo Assis Martins-Filho
- Grupo Integrado de Pesquisa em Biomarcadores, Instituto René Rachou - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Fortes de Araújo
- Grupo Integrado de Pesquisa em Biomarcadores, Instituto René Rachou - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ismael Artur da Costa Rocha
- Grupo Integrado de Pesquisa em Biomarcadores, Instituto René Rachou - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Eustáquio Resende Bittar
- Universidade de Uberaba (UNIUBE), Medicina Veterinária, Mestrado em Sanidade e Produção Animal nos Trópicos, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marcio Sobreira Silva Araújo
- Grupo Integrado de Pesquisa em Biomarcadores, Instituto René Rachou - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Joely Ferreira Figueiredo Bittar
- Universidade de Uberaba (UNIUBE), Medicina Veterinária, Mestrado em Sanidade e Produção Animal nos Trópicos, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Cruz-Saavedra L, Ospina C, Patiño LH, Villar JC, Sáenz Pérez LD, Cantillo-Barraza O, Jaimes-Dueñez J, Ballesteros N, Cáceres T, Vallejo G, Ramírez JD. Enhancing Trypanosomatid Identification and Genotyping with Oxford Nanopore Sequencing: Development and Validation of an 18S rRNA Amplicon-Based Method. J Mol Diagn 2024; 26:323-336. [PMID: 38360211 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2024.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Trypanosomatids, including Trypanosoma and Leishmania species, present significant medical and veterinary challenges, causing substantial economic losses, health complications, and even fatalities. Diagnosing and genotyping these species and their genotypes is often complex, involving multiple steps. This study aimed to develop an amplicon-based sequencing (ABS) method using Oxford Nanopore long-read sequencing to enhance Trypanosomatid detection and genotyping. The 18S rDNA gene was targeted for its inter-species conservation. The Trypanosomatid-ABS method effectively distinguished between 11 Trypanosoma species (including Trypanosoma evansi, Trypanosoma theileri, Trypanosoma vivax, and Trypanosoma rangeli) and 6 Trypanosoma cruzi discrete typing units (TcI to TcVI and TcBat), showing strong concordance with conventional methods (κ index of 0.729, P < 0.001). It detected co-infections between Trypanosomatid genera and T. cruzi, with a limit of detection of one parasite per mL. The method was successfully applied to human, animal, and triatomine samples. Notably, TcI predominated in chronic Chagas samples, whereas TcII and TcIV were found in the acute stage. Triatomine vectors exhibited diverse Trypanosomatid infections, with Triatoma dimidiata mainly infected with TcI and occasional TcBat co-infections, and Rhodnius prolixus showing TcI and TcII infections, along with T. rangeli co-infections and mixed TcII infections. Animals were infected with T. vivax, T. theileri, and T. evansi. The ABS method's high resolution, sensitivity, and accuracy make it a valuable tool for understanding Trypanosomatid dynamics, enhancing disease control strategies, and enabling targeted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lissa Cruz-Saavedra
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Carlos Ospina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Luz H Patiño
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Juan C Villar
- Fundación Cardioinfantil-Instituto de Cardiología, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | | | - Jeiczon Jaimes-Dueñez
- Research Group in Animal Sciences-GRICA, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia (UCC), Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Nathalia Ballesteros
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Tatiana Cáceres
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Gustavo Vallejo
- Tropical Parasitology Research Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad del Tolima, Ibagué, Colombia
| | - Juan D Ramírez
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia; Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
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7
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Heller LM, Bastos TDSA, Zapa DMB, de Morais IML, Salvador VF, Leal LLLL, Couto LFM, Neves LC, de Freitas Paula WV, Ferreira LL, de Barros ATM, Cançado PHD, Machado RZ, Soares VE, Cadioli FA, da Silva Krawczak F, Zanetti Lopes WD. Evaluation of mechanical transmission of Trypanosoma vivax by Stomoxys calcitrans in a region without a cyclic vector. Parasitol Res 2024; 123:96. [PMID: 38224369 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-08102-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
This work investigated the mechanical transmission of Trypanosoma vivax by Stomoxys calcitrans to cattle in a region without a cyclic vector. The study involved two experiments, one with calves experimentally infected with T. vivax, in the acute phase of trypanosomosis (Experiment 1) and the other in the chronic phase (Experiment 2). In both experiments, two transmission methods were used with flies that had not fed for 24 h or had never fed: (i) Method 1: flies released freely in cattle pens (≈3,300 flies/pen for 10 days); and (ii) Method 2: flies placed in a feeding chamber (12 flies/animal). To develop Method 1 in the two experiments (acute and chronic phases), T. vivax-positive animals were kept with T. vivax-negative animals. Periodically, the Brener method, Woo method, blood smears, cPCR, ELISA, IFAT, and Imunoteste® were performed to detect T. vivax in the animals. We also recorded the animals' head tossing and hoof stomping and the number of flies near the pens' inner walls. Subsequently, biological testing was performed using lambs. For Method 2 in both experiments, flies inside the feeding chamber first fed on T. vivax-positive animals and later on negative animals. In both experiments and methods, we examined the flies for the presence of T. vivax through blood smears and cPCR of the proboscis and abdomen. In Experiment 2 (chronic phase), a test was conducted to determine how long trypomastigotes forms could survive on the blood of animals with different levels of parasitemia. None of the animals (calves and lambs) became infected with T. vivax or showed antibodies against it. During the evaluation period, the animals in the presence of the flies exhibited more hoof stomping and head tossing compared to those without flies (control). Additionally, there was an increase in the number of flies in the pens during the experiment. Only in Experiment 1 (acute phase) were T. vivax trypomastigotes and DNA found in the abdomen of the flies but not in the proboscis. In Experiment 2 (chronic phase), higher concentrations of trypomastigotes per milliliter of blood were associated with a shorter the lifespan of this stage of the parasite. In conclusion, under the variable conditions of the experiments (hosts, number of flies, and level of parasitemia), S. calcitrans was unable to mechanically transmit T. vivax to cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Maffini Heller
- Centro de Parasitologia Veterinária, Escola de Veterinária E Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Thiago de Souza Azeredo Bastos
- Centro de Parasitologia Veterinária, Escola de Veterinária E Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
- Faculdade Anhanguera, Anápolis, Goiás, Brasil
| | - Dina María Beltrán Zapa
- Centro de Parasitologia Veterinária, Escola de Veterinária E Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Igor Maciel Lopes de Morais
- Centro de Parasitologia Veterinária, Escola de Veterinária E Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Ferreira Salvador
- Centro de Parasitologia Veterinária, Escola de Veterinária E Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Luccas Lourenzzo Lima Lins Leal
- Centro de Parasitologia Veterinária, Escola de Veterinária E Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fellipe Monteiro Couto
- Centro de Parasitologia Veterinária, Escola de Veterinária E Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Lucianne Cardoso Neves
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária E Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Warley Vieira de Freitas Paula
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária E Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Lorena Lopes Ferreira
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rosangela Zacarias Machado
- Departamento de Patologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Fabiano Antonio Cadioli
- Departamento de Clínica, Cirurgia E Reprodução Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Felipe da Silva Krawczak
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária E Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Welber Daniel Zanetti Lopes
- Centro de Parasitologia Veterinária, Escola de Veterinária E Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.
- Departamento de Biociências E Tecnologia, Instituto de Patologia Tropical E Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.
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8
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Couto LFM, Heller LM, Zapa DMB, de Moura MI, Costa GL, de Assis Cavalcante AS, Ribeiro NB, Bastos TSA, Ferreira LL, Soares VE, Lino de Souza GR, Cadioli FA, Lopes WDZ. Presence of Trypanosoma vivax DNA in cattle semen and reproductive tissues and related changes in sperm parameters. Vet Parasitol 2022; 309:109761. [PMID: 35843131 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2022.109761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The present work investigated the presence of Trypanosoma vivax in semen and reproductive tissues of experimentally infected cattle and evaluated changes in seminal parameters. Two groups of cattle were established: T01 - experimentally infected with T. vivax (n = 8) and T02 - not experimentally infected with T. vivax (n = 8). After infection, blood (every seven days until 182 days post-infection - DPI), semen (7, 14, 35, 56, 70, 120 and 182 DPI) and reproductive tissue (after euthanasia, 182 DPI) were collected to search for T. vivax using different techniques, including PCR, Woo and Brener. Seminal parameters, including turbulence, motility, concentration, and vigor, were also analyzed. Packed cell volume (PCV) of the animals was determined weekly and weight gain was calculated. The PCR revealed T. vivax DNA in 7/56 semen samples of post-infection T01 cattle. Trypanosoma vivax DNA was detected in the semen of 5/8 animals at 7, 14, 56, 70 and 120 DPI, in the testis of four, and in the epididymis and fat located around the testis of two others. Trypomastigote forms of T. vivax were not found in any semen sample. Sperm of T01 cattle had lower turbulence (p ≤ 0.05) at 7, 14, 35, 56, 120 and 182 DPI, lower vigor (p ≤ 0.05) at 120 DPI and more sperm abnormalities (p ≤ 0.05) than T02. Digital dermatitis was observed among T01 cattle. Animals of T01 had lower PCV values than did those of T02 for most of the evaluations performed and T02 animals gained more weight during the experiment. The results highlight the presence of T. vivax DNA in semen of infected cattle and the importance of this disease for male breeding cattle. Further research is needed to determine whether T. vivax can be sexually transmitted in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luciana Maffini Heller
- Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Ivete de Moura
- Professor Assistente. Pontifícia Universidade Católica Universidade Católica de Goiás Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Lage Costa
- Professor Assistente. Pontifícia Universidade Católica Universidade Católica de Goiás Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | | | - Nathalia Braz Ribeiro
- Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | | | - Lorena Lopes Ferreira
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | - Fabiano Antônio Cadioli
- Departamento de Clínica, Cirurgia e Reprodução Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Welber Daniel Zanetti Lopes
- Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil; Departamento de Biociências e Tecnologia, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.
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9
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Barbosa JMG, de Mendonça DR, David LC, E Silva TC, Fortuna Lima DA, de Oliveira AE, Lopes WDZ, Fioravanti MCS, da Cunha PHJ, Antoniosi Filho NR. A cerumenolomic approach to bovine trypanosomosis diagnosis. Metabolomics 2022; 18:42. [PMID: 35739279 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-022-01901-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Trypanosomiasis caused by Trypanosoma vivax (T. vivax, subgenus Duttonella) is a burden disease in bovines that induces losses of billions of dollars in livestock activity worldwide. To control the disease, the first step is identifying the infected animals at early stages. However, convention tools for animal infection detection by T. vivax present some challenges, facilitating the spread of the pathogenesis. OBJECTIVES This work aims to develop a new procedure to identify infected bovines by T. vivax using cerumen (earwax) in a volatilomic approach, here named cerumenolomic, which is performed in an easy, quick, accurate, and non-invasive manner. METHODS Seventy-eight earwax samples from Brazilian Curraleiro Pé-Duro calves were collected in a longitudinal study protocol during health and inoculated stages. The samples were analyzed using Headspace/Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry followed by multivariate analysis approaches. RESULTS The cerumen analyses lead to the identification of a broad spectrum of volatile organic metabolites (VOMs), of which 20 VOMs can discriminate between healthy and infected calves (AUC = 0.991, sensitivity = 0.967, specificity = 1.000). Furthermore, 13 VOMs can indicate a pattern of discrimination between the acute and chronic phases of the T. vivax infection in the animals (AUC = 0.989, sensitivity = 0.944, specificity = 1.000). CONCLUSION The cerumen volatile metabolites present alterations in their occurrence during the T.vivax infection, which may lead to identifying the infection in the first weeks of inoculation and discriminating between the acute and chronic phases of the illness. These results may be a breakthrough to avoid the T. vivax outbreak and provide a faster clinical approach to the animal.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Marcos G Barbosa
- Laboratório de Métodos de Extração e Separação (LAMES), Instituto de Química (IQ), Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Campus II - Samambaia, Goiânia, GO, 74690-900, Brazil.
| | - Débora Ribeiro de Mendonça
- Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia (EVZ), Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Rodovia Goiânia - Nova Veneza, Km 8, Campus II - Samambaia, Goiânia, GO, CEP, 74001-970, Brazil
| | - Lurian C David
- Laboratório de Métodos de Extração e Separação (LAMES), Instituto de Química (IQ), Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Campus II - Samambaia, Goiânia, GO, 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Taynara C E Silva
- Laboratório de Métodos de Extração e Separação (LAMES), Instituto de Química (IQ), Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Campus II - Samambaia, Goiânia, GO, 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Danielly A Fortuna Lima
- Laboratório de Métodos de Extração e Separação (LAMES), Instituto de Química (IQ), Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Campus II - Samambaia, Goiânia, GO, 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Anselmo E de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Instituto de Química, UFG, Goiânia, GO, 74690-970, Brazil
| | - Welber Daniel Zanetti Lopes
- Centro de Parasitologia Veterinária, Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia (EVZ), Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Rodovia Goiânia - Nova Veneza, Km 8, Campus II - Samambaia, Goiânia, Goiás, CEP, 74001-970, Brazil
| | - Maria Clorinda S Fioravanti
- Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia (EVZ), Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Rodovia Goiânia - Nova Veneza, Km 8, Campus II - Samambaia, Goiânia, GO, CEP, 74001-970, Brazil
| | - Paulo H Jorge da Cunha
- Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia (EVZ), Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Rodovia Goiânia - Nova Veneza, Km 8, Campus II - Samambaia, Goiânia, GO, CEP, 74001-970, Brazil
| | - Nelson R Antoniosi Filho
- Laboratório de Métodos de Extração e Separação (LAMES), Instituto de Química (IQ), Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Campus II - Samambaia, Goiânia, GO, 74690-900, Brazil.
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10
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de Melo Junior RD, Azeredo Bastos TS, Heller LM, Couto LFM, Zapa DMB, de Assis Cavalcante AS, Cruvinel LB, Nicaretta JE, Iuasse HV, Ferreira LL, Soares VE, de Souza GRL, Cadioli FA, Lopes WDZ. How many cattle can be infected by Trypanosoma vivax by reusing the same needle and syringe, and what is the viability time of this protozoan in injectable veterinary products? Parasitology 2022; 149:270-282. [PMID: 35234599 PMCID: PMC11010538 DOI: 10.1017/s003118202100175x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
It was investigated how many cattle become infected with Trypanosoma vivax by subcutaneous (SC), intramuscular (IM) and intravenous (IV) routes, using the same syringe and needle from an animal with acute T. vivax infection. Besides, the T. vivax viability in 109 injectable veterinary drugs (antibiotics, antiparasitics, reproductive hormones, vitamin complex and derivatives, vaccines, anaesthetics, anti-inflammatory/antipyretics, antitoxics). In the field assay, four groups were performed: T01, T02 and T03 animals that received saline solution with the same syringe and needle contaminated with T. vivax via SC, IM and IV routes, respectively, and T04 control animals that received only saline solution with the same syringe and needle IV. In the laboratory, drugs had their pH measured and T. vivax viability verified. The number of cattle infected with T. vivax via SC (3/20) was lower (P ≤ 0.05) compared to via IM (9/20), which was lower (P ≤ 0.05) compared to IV (15/20). The solution pH did not influence T. vivax viability. In 44% (48/109) of the products, T. vivax remained viable regardless of time, stooding out that in 100% of oxytocins the protozoan was verified, at some evaluation times. The mean of T. vivax quantified in foot-and-mouth and brucellosis vaccines and in doramectin-based products were higher (P ≤ 0.05) than found in blood + saline solution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Luciana Maffini Heller
- Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - João Eduardo Nicaretta
- Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Haryie Victória Iuasse
- Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Lorena Lopes Ferreira
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | - Fabiano Antônio Cadioli
- Departamento de Clínica, Cirurgia e Reprodução Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Estadual Paulista – Unesp, Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Welber Daniel Zanetti Lopes
- Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
- Departamento de Biociências e Tecnologia, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
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11
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Machado RZ, Castilho Neto KJGDA, Gonçalves LR, Machado GF, Luvizotto MCR, Vasconcelos RDO, Jussiani G, Silva TMVD, Gimenes LU, Jackson A, Wright G, Teixeira MMG. Detection of Trypanosoma vivax in tissues of experimentally infected goats: what is the role of adipose tissue in the life cycle of this protozoon? REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA = BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY : ORGAO OFICIAL DO COLEGIO BRASILEIRO DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA 2021; 30:e017721. [PMID: 34910020 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612021092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Trypanosomiasis, caused by Trypanosoma vivax, is responsible for great economic losses among livestock in Africa and South America. During the life cycle of these parasites, they may present different morphological, metabolic and physiological characteristics depending on the interactions that are encountered at each point of their life cycle. Although T. vivax is frequently reported in the circulation of its mammalian hosts, it has the ability to migrate to the tissues of these individuals. However, this characteristic is poorly understood. In this context, we aimed to investigate the presence of T. vivax and the changes caused in different tissues of experimentally infected goats. Despite the animals were not perfused before tissues collection, using different approaches, we demonstrated its presence in different samples, including in the adipose tissue and skin of infected animals. In addition, a mononuclear inflammatory reaction, mostly characterized by an infiltrate of lymphocytes, plasma cells and macrophages were observed. The results highlight the possibility that, like other trypanosomatids, T. vivax may use these tissues during its life cycle. Future studies aiming to elucidate the length of time for which T. vivax remains active in these sites, and whether it uses these sites as a refuge from trypanocidal drugs, and whether it is capable of recolonizing the blood circulation, are much needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosangela Zacarias Machado
- Departamento de Patologia, Reprodução e Saúde Única, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias - FCAV, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil
| | - Kayo José Garcia de Almeida Castilho Neto
- Departamento de Patologia, Reprodução e Saúde Única, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias - FCAV, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil
| | - Luiz Ricardo Gonçalves
- Departamento de Patologia, Reprodução e Saúde Única, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias - FCAV, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil
| | - Gisele Fabrino Machado
- Departamento de Clínica, Cirurgia e Reprodução Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária - FMVA, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Araçatuba, SP, Brasil
| | - Maria Cecília Rui Luvizotto
- Departamento de Clínica, Cirurgia e Reprodução Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária - FMVA, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Araçatuba, SP, Brasil
| | - Rosemeri de Oliveira Vasconcelos
- Departamento de Patologia, Reprodução e Saúde Única, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias - FCAV, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil
| | - Giulia Jussiani
- Departamento de Clínica, Cirurgia e Reprodução Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária - FMVA, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Araçatuba, SP, Brasil
| | - Thiago Merighi Vieira da Silva
- Departamento de Patologia, Reprodução e Saúde Única, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias - FCAV, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil
| | - Lindsay Unno Gimenes
- Departamento de Patologia, Reprodução e Saúde Única, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias - FCAV, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil
| | - Andrew Jackson
- Department of Infection Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Gavin Wright
- Department of Biology, Hull York Medical School, University of York, Wentworth Way, York, United Kingdom
| | - Marta Maria Geraldes Teixeira
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas - ICB, Universidade de São Paulo - USP, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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12
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Couto LFM, Bastos TSA, Heller LM, Zapa DMB, de Assis Cavalcante AS, Nicaretta JE, Cruvinel LB, de Melo Júnior RD, Ferreira LL, Soares VE, Cadioli FA, de Mendonça RP, Lopes WDZ. In vitro and in vivo effectiveness of disinfectants against Trypanosoma vivax. VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY- REGIONAL STUDIES AND REPORTS 2021; 25:100587. [PMID: 34474782 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2021.100587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Trypanosoma vivax causes bovine trypanosomosis in cattle and resulting in economic losses to farmers. In Brazil, shared contaminated materials is the main transmission pathway. To evaluate the effectiveness of different disinfectants for T. vivax, in vitro and in vivo analyses were performed. At the laboratory, 21 disinfectants were tested. The disinfectants were placed in microtubes containing blood with approximately 1.0 × 106 trypomastigotes of T. vivax. The viability and motile of trypomastigotes after 30 s, one, 10, 15 and 30 min was evaluated by the thick drop method and the efficacy calculated. Disinfectants that showed 100% effectiveness were used in in vivo tests. Thirty calves negative for T. vivax were divided into six groups and were inoculated with disinfectant solutions (46% alcohol, 70% alcohol, or 0.5% iodine) + 1 × 106 trypomastigotes of the protozoa. Blood from each animal was collected at seven, 14 and 21 days after inoculation to verify the viability and presence of the protozoan by Woo, Brener, PCR, and LAMP methods. In the in vitro step, 13 of the 21 disinfected solutions exhibited 100% effectiveness against T. vivax at all evaluation times. In contrast, 70% alcohol and 0.5% iodine solutions exhibited 100% effectiveness in the in vivo tests and can be used to disinfect needles and syringes. The use of disinfectants is a rapid and efficient procedure to disinfect materials utilized in the field and concomitantly could help to reduce the dissemination of T. vivax in the cattle herd in cases of iatrogenic transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Fellipe Monteiro Couto
- Centro de Parasitologia Veterinária, Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Thiago Souza Azeredo Bastos
- Centro de Parasitologia Veterinária, Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Luciana Maffini Heller
- Centro de Parasitologia Veterinária, Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Dina Maria Beltrán Zapa
- Centro de Parasitologia Veterinária, Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | | | - João Eduardo Nicaretta
- Centro de Parasitologia Veterinária, Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Bueno Cruvinel
- Centro de Parasitologia Veterinária, Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Rubens Dias de Melo Júnior
- Centro de Parasitologia Veterinária, Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Lorena Lopes Ferreira
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Fabiano Antônio Cadioli
- Departamento de Clínica Cirúrgica e Reprodução Animal da Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária da Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Welber Daniel Zanetti Lopes
- Centro de Parasitologia Veterinária, Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil; Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.
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13
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Delayed reduction of Anaplasma marginale parasitemia and packed cell volume normalization despite prolonged enrofloxacin treatment of cattle co-infected with Trypanosoma vivax. Parasitol Res 2021; 120:2929-2937. [PMID: 34251516 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-021-07226-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Although co-infections of Trypanosoma vivax, Anaplasma spp., and Babesia spp. have been reported, knowledge gaps remain that need to be addressed. The present study evaluated the efficacy of enrofloxacin (7.5 mg/kg) against A. marginale in naturally infected cattle and cattle experimentally co-infected with T. vivax by observation of the variation in A. marginale parasitemia and packed cell volume (PCV) for 39 days. Bovines were distributed into two groups, each with six calves: T01 = animals immunosuppressed with dexamethasone and with latent anaplasmosis; T02 = animals immunosuppressed with dexamethasone, with latent anaplasmosis and experimentally co-infected with T. vivax on day 0 (D0). Animals of both groups were immunosuppressed with dexamethasone and received enrofloxacin (7.5 mg/kg) whenever mean values of parasitemia for A. marginale were ≥ 5% per group. Cattle of group T02 were also treated with isometamidium chloride (0.5 mg/kg) on D25. On D17 and D22 to D28 of the study, there was a higher (P ≤ 0.05) A. marginale parasitemia in animals of T02 than in those of T01. Animals of T01 required one enrofloxacin treatment to decrease A. marginale parasitemia, while those from T02 needed five treatments. From D5 to D37 of study, the mean values of PCV for calves from T02 were lower (P ≤ 0.05) than that for calves from T01. In conclusion, bovines co-infected T. vivax needed four more treatments with enrofloxacin to reduce A. marginale parasitemia and keep PCV values within reference standards.
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14
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Castilho Neto KJGDA, Garcia ABDCF, Fidelis Junior OL, Nagata WB, André MR, Teixeira MMG, Machado RZ, Cadioli FA. Follow-up of dairy cattle naturally infected by Trypanosoma vivax after treatment with isometamidium chloride. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 30:e020220. [PMID: 33909833 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612021019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Trypanosoma vivax infections cause nonspecific clinical signs in cattle associated with aparasitemic intervals, making disease diagnosis a challenge. In Brazil, diminazene aceturate and isometamidium chloride (ISM) are available to treat bovine trypanosomosis. The objective of this study was to follow-up, by molecular and serological techniques, dairy cattle naturally infected by T. vivax after ISM treatment. Thirty cattle naturally infected with T. vivax received two applications of ISM, at a dosage of 1.0 mg/kg intramuscularly, on days 0 and 150. For T. vivax diagnosis, EDTA-blood and serum samples were evaluated on 0, 7, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210, and 240 days after treatment PCR, Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and ELISA. Animals with persistent detection of T. vivax DNA by both PCR and LAMP were found and continuous detection of anti-T. vivax IgG antibodies by ELISA, suggesting the presence of T. vivax resistance to ISM. The combination of LAMP and ELISA tests can prevent misdiagnosis of the parasite clearance in treated cattle, contributing to better disease control. This is the first experiment that demonstrates the persistence infection of T. vivax under ISM treatment in a natural infected herd and evidence of ISM chemotherapy-resistant T. vivax in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Walter Beterquini Nagata
- Escola de Medicina Veterinária Medicine, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Araçatuba, SP, Brasil
| | - Marcos Rogério André
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias - FCAV, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil
| | | | - Rosangela Zacarias Machado
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias - FCAV, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil
| | - Fabiano Antonio Cadioli
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias - FCAV, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil.,Escola de Medicina Veterinária Medicine, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Araçatuba, SP, Brasil
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15
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Florentin AS, Garcia Perez HA, Rodrigues CMF, Dubois EF, Monzón CM, Teixeira MMG. Molecular epidemiological insights into Trypanosoma vivax in Argentina: From the endemic Gran Chaco to outbreaks in the Pampas. Transbound Emerg Dis 2021; 69:1364-1374. [PMID: 33835714 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Argentina is a home to millions of beef and dairy cattle and is one of the world's major exporters of meat. In the present study, Trypanosoma vivax was prevalent (2016-2018) in two major livestock farming regions, the Gran Chaco and the Pampas. In the Gran Chaco, 29% and 51% of animals (n = 72, taurine x zebuine crossbreed) were, respectively, positive by TviCATL-PCR and the more sensitive fluorescent fragment length barcoding (FFLB) method. While 18.4/38.8% of breeding cows (n = 49) tested positive by PCR/FFLB, infection increased to 52.2/78.3% in an outbreak of acute infection in steers (n = 23, taurine breed) brought from a non-endemic area. In the Pampas, overall infection rates in dairy cows (n = 54, taurine breed) were comparable (p > .01) between PCR (66.7%) and FFLB (62.9%) and showed a remarkable increase (PCR / FFLB) from 48.3/44.8% in 2017 to 88/84% in 2018. Infected dairy cattle exhibited anaemia, fever, anorexia, enlarged lymph nodes, emaciation and neurological signs. In contrast, beef cows (taurine x zebuine crossbreed) from the Pampas (n = 30) were asymptomatic despite exhibiting 16.7% (PCR) and 53.3% (FFLB) infection rates. Microsatellite genotyping revealed a remarkable microheterogeneity, seven genotypes in the Gran Chaco, nine in the Pampas and five shared between both regions, consistent with regular movement of T. vivax infected livestock. Data gathered in our study support the Gran Chaco being an endemic area for T. vivax, whereas the Pampas emerged as an outbreak area of acute infection in dairy cattle with critical negative impact in milk production. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first molecular study of T. vivax in Argentina, and results indicated the need for preventive measures to control T. vivax spread from the Gran Chaco to vast livestock farming areas across Argentina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea S Florentin
- Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Formosa, Formosa, Argentina.,Universidad Nacional de Formosa, Formosa, Argentina
| | - Herakles A Garcia Perez
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carla M F Rodrigues
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eugenio F Dubois
- Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Formosa, Formosa, Argentina
| | - Carlos M Monzón
- Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Formosa, Formosa, Argentina.,Universidad Nacional de Formosa, Formosa, Argentina
| | - Marta M G Teixeira
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Fetene E, Leta S, Regassa F, Büscher P. Global distribution, host range and prevalence of Trypanosoma vivax: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:80. [PMID: 33494807 PMCID: PMC7830052 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-04584-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trypanosomosis caused by Trypanosoma vivax is one of the diseases threatening the health and productivity of livestock in Africa and Latin America. Trypanosoma vivax is mainly transmitted by tsetse flies; however, the parasite has also acquired the ability to be transmitted mechanically by hematophagous dipterans. Understanding its distribution, host range and prevalence is a key step in local and global efforts to control the disease. METHODS The study was conducted according to the methodological recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) checklist. A systematic literature search was conducted on three search engines, namely PubMed, Scopus and CAB Direct, to identify all publications reporting natural infection of T. vivax across the world. All the three search engines were screened using the search term Trypanosoma vivax without time and language restrictions. Publications on T. vivax that met our inclusion criteria were considered for systematic review and meta-analysis. RESULT The study provides a global database of T. vivax, consisting of 899 records from 245 peer-reviewed articles in 41 countries. A total of 232, 6277 tests were performed on 97 different mammalian hosts, including a wide range of wild animals. Natural infections of T. vivax were recorded in 39 different African and Latin American countries and 47 mammalian host species. All the 245 articles were included into the qualitative analysis, while information from 186 cross-sectional studies was used in the quantitative analysis mainly to estimate the pooled prevalence. Pooled prevalence estimates of T. vivax in domestic buffalo, cattle, dog, dromedary camel, equine, pig, small ruminant and wild animals were 30.6%, 6.4%, 2.6%, 8.4%, 3.7%, 5.5%, 3.8% and 12.9%, respectively. Stratified according to the diagnostic method, the highest pooled prevalences were found with serological techniques in domesticated buffalo (57.6%) followed by equine (50.0%) and wild animals (49.3%). CONCLUSION The study provides a comprehensive dataset on the geographical distribution and host range of T. vivax and demonstrates the potential of this parasite to invade other countries out of Africa and Latin America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eyerusalem Fetene
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, P. O. Box 34, Bishoftu, Ethiopia
| | - Samson Leta
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, P. O. Box 34, Bishoftu, Ethiopia.
| | - Fikru Regassa
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, P. O. Box 34, Bishoftu, Ethiopia.,FDRE Ministry of Agriculture, P.O.Box 62347/3735, Addia Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Philippe Büscher
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nationalestraat 155, 2000, Antwerp, Belgium
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Costa RVC, Abreu APM, Thomé SMG, Massard CL, Santos HA, Ubiali DG, Brito MF. Parasitological and clinical-pathological findings in twelve outbreaks of acute trypanosomiasis in dairy cattle in Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil. VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY- REGIONAL STUDIES AND REPORTS 2020; 22:100466. [PMID: 33308723 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2020.100466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In Brazil, infection in cattle was first reported in the state of Pará, in 1944, and the presence of the parasite has already been recorded in several states. The purpose of this study was to report the clinical-pathological aspects of a natural infection by T. vivax in dairy cattle in the state of Rio de Janeiro. Twelve outbreaks of the infection were diagnosed in 11 municipalities from April 2016 to October 2018. All properties had acquired cattle from states where the disease had already been recorded and it was found that needles for oxytocin administration had been shared. These outbreaks were studied by visiting the properties to perform anamnesis, clinical exams and collection of material for laboratory diagnosis. Laboratory diagnosis was performed through parasitological, molecular and histopathological techniques. Animals with confirmed diagnosis for T. vivax showed anemia, lack of appetite, decreased milk production, weight loss, weakness, abortion, diarrhea and neurological signs. The main histological lesions found were meningoencephalitis and lymphohistiocytic myocarditis. In the central nervous system, the lesions were more severe in the brain compared to the spinal cord, being progressively more severe in the rostro-dorsal direction. Also, they were more accentuated in the white matter compared to the gray matter. Due to nonspecific clinical signs, laboratory tests were key for diagnosis. Trypanosomiasis in cattle herds in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, is of great concern because of its potential to cause economic losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata V C Costa
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, BR 465, Km 7, Seropédica, RJ 23890000, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula M Abreu
- Department of Parasitology, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), BR 465, Km 7, Seropédica, RJ 23890000, Brazil
| | - Sandra M G Thomé
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, BR 465, Km 7, Seropédica, RJ 23890000, Brazil
| | - Carlos Luiz Massard
- Department of Parasitology, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), BR 465, Km 7, Seropédica, RJ 23890000, Brazil
| | - Huarrisson A Santos
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, BR 465, Km 7, Seropédica, RJ 23890000, Brazil.
| | - Daniel G Ubiali
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, BR 465, Km 7, Seropédica, RJ 23890000, Brazil
| | - Marilene F Brito
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, BR 465, Km 7, Seropédica, RJ 23890000, Brazil
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18
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Comparison of therapeutic efficacy of different drugs against Trypanosoma vivax on experimentally infected cattle. Prev Vet Med 2020; 181:105040. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2020.105040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Epidemiological and molecular identification of Trypanosoma vivax diagnosed in cattle during outbreaks in central Brazil. Parasitology 2020; 147:1313-1319. [PMID: 32624014 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182020001006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Bovine trypanosomosis has been spreading in Brazil. In the present study, we evaluated the spatial distribution, prevalence and risk factors of this disease in the state of Goiás, Brazil, and performed both molecular and phylogenetical analyses of Trypanosoma vivax. A total of 4049 blood samples were collected from cattle for a period of 2 years. The parasitological diagnosis was performed using the Woo method and a questionnaire was administered to the farmers to document risk factors associated with the disease in the herd. Positive samples were DNA sequenced and compared to GenBank codes. The prevalence of T. vivax was 8.84%, occurring on 24 ranches only in dairy cattle and mainly in the central and southern portions of the state. The acquisition of new animals infected with T. vivax and the administration of exogenous oxytocin to cows using the same syringe and needle were the main associated factors (P ≤ 0.05). After an outbreak, milk production decreased by 39.62%. The presence of biting flies (tabanids, Haematobia irritans and Stomoxys calcitrans) was not a risk factor (P > 0.05) for the occurrence of T. vivax. The epidemiological data demonstrate the importance of restricting the practice of auctions as well as eliminating the use of exogenous oxytocin in animals during milking. The samples tested by polymerase chain reaction were positive for T. vivax and were genetically homologous with T. vivax found in different states of Brazil and west Africa based on the 18S rRNA gene.
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20
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Ramos IADS, Mello VVCD, Mendes NS, Zanatto DCDS, Campos JBV, Alves JVA, Macedo GCD, Herrera HM, Labruna MB, Pereira GT, Machado RZ, André MR. Serological occurrence for tick-borne agents in beef cattle in the Brazilian Pantanal. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA 2020; 29:e014919. [PMID: 32267389 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612020007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the seropositivity for five different tick-borne agents, namely Anaplasma marginale, Babesia bovis, Babesia bigemina, Coxiella burnetii, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, and Trypanosoma vivax in beef cattle in the Brazilian Pantanal. The serum samples collected from animals (200 cows; 200 calves) were used in indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (iELISA) to detect IgG antibodies against A. marginale, B. bovis, B. bigemina, and T. vivax, and Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Test (IFAT) for detecting IgG antibodies against C. burnetii and A. phagocytophilum. No correlation was observed between seropositivity for C. burnetii and A. phagocytophilum with other agents whereas moderate correlation was observed for A. marginalexB. bigemina x B. bovis. Cows were more seropositive for T. vivax whereas calves were more seropositive for B. bovis and B. bigemina. The highest number of seropositive animals by a single agent was observed for T. vivax (15.2%). Co-seropositivity for T. vivax + A. marginale was higher in cows (25.5%) and for T. vivax + B. bovis + B. bigemina + A. marginale was higher in calves (57.5%). The high seropositivity correlation for A. marginale x B. bovis x B. bigemina is probably due to the presence of the tick biological vector, Rhipicephalus microplus, in the studied farms. Common transmission pathways, mediated by hematophagous dipterans and fomites, may explain the high co-seropositivity of cows for A. marginale and T. vivax. Low seropositivity to C. burnetii is probably due to the type of breeding system employed (extensive). Seropositivity for A. phagocytophilum in only one animal suggests the occurrence of a cross-serological reaction with another agent of the genus Anaplasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inalda Angélica de Souza Ramos
- Departamento de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" - UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil
| | - Victória Valente Califre de Mello
- Departamento de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" - UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil
| | - Natalia Serra Mendes
- Departamento de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" - UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil
| | - Diego Carlos de Souza Zanatto
- Departamento de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" - UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil
| | - João Bosco Vilela Campos
- Departamento de Parasitologia Veterinária, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, MS, Brasil
| | - João Vitor Almeida Alves
- Departamento de Parasitologia Veterinária, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, MS, Brasil
| | | | - Heitor Miraglia Herrera
- Departamento de Parasitologia Veterinária, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, MS, Brasil
| | - Marcelo Bahia Labruna
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Gener Tadeu Pereira
- Departamento de Ciências Exatas, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" - UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil
| | - Rosangela Zacarias Machado
- Departamento de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" - UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil
| | - Marcos Rogério André
- Departamento de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" - UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil
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21
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Bastos TSA, Faria AM, Cavalcante ASDA, Madrid DMDC, Zapa DMB, Nicaretta JE, Cruvinel LB, Heller LM, Couto LFM, Rodrigues DDC, Ferreira LL, Soares VE, Cadioli FA, Lopes WDZ. Infection capacity of Trypanosoma vivax experimentally inoculated through different routes in bovines with latent Anaplasma marginale. Exp Parasitol 2020; 211:107861. [PMID: 32112944 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2020.107861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to compare the infection capacity of Trypanosoma vivax experimentally inoculated through different routes in calves naturally infected with latent Anaplasma marginale. On Day 0 of the study, 25 calves (breed: Girolando) were divided into five groups. The first four groups of five calves each received approximately 1 × 106 trypomastigotes of T. vivax through the intradermal, subcutaneous, intramuscular and intravenous routes. Another five animals remained unaffected to serve as A. marginale naturally infected controls. The study of T. vivax was performed on all calves from D+1 to D+30 using the Woo, Brener and blood smear techniques. PCR was performed on Days +1, +3, +4, +5, +28, +29 and + 30. The results indicated that T. vivax was capable of infecting and developing the disease in the calves independent of the inoculation route. A positive correlation was found between T. vivax and rectal temperature (P ≤ 0.05) and a negative correlation was seen between the protozoan and globular volume (P ≤ 0.05). Latent A. marginale in the calves acted as co-infection for T. vivax. Jaundice was seen only in calves with a high parasitemia by A. marginale. Therefore, in areas with the confirmed presence of T. vivax in bovines, this protozoan should be included in the complex denominated "Bovine Parasitic Sadness", which currently encompasses only Anaplasma and Babesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Souza Azeredo Bastos
- Centro de Parasitologia Veterinária, Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás - UFG, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Adriana Marques Faria
- Centro de Parasitologia Veterinária, Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás - UFG, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Alliny Souza de Assis Cavalcante
- Centro de Parasitologia Veterinária, Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás - UFG, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | | | - Dina Maria Beltrán Zapa
- Centro de Parasitologia Veterinária, Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás - UFG, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - João Eduardo Nicaretta
- Centro de Parasitologia Veterinária, Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás - UFG, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Bueno Cruvinel
- Centro de Parasitologia Veterinária, Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás - UFG, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Luciana Maffini Heller
- Centro de Parasitologia Veterinária, Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás - UFG, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fellipe Monteiro Couto
- Centro de Parasitologia Veterinária, Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás - UFG, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Daniel de Castro Rodrigues
- Centro de Parasitologia Veterinária, Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás - UFG, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Lorena Lopes Ferreira
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Fabiano Antônio Cadioli
- Departamento de Clínica, Cirurgia e Reprodução Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Estadual Paulista - Unesp, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Welber Daniel Zanetti Lopes
- Centro de Parasitologia Veterinária, Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás - UFG, Goiânia, GO, Brazil; Departamento de Biociências e Tecnologia, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás - UFG, Goiânia, GO, Brazil.
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22
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Zanatto DCS, Gatto IRH, Labruna MB, Jusi MMG, Samara SI, Machado RZ, André MR. Coxiella burnetii associated with BVDV (Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus), BoHV (Bovine Herpesvirus), Leptospira spp., Neospora caninum, Toxoplasma gondii and Trypanosoma vivax in reproductive disorders in cattle. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 28:245-257. [PMID: 31215610 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612019032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
This is a cross-sectional study to assess the presence of antibodies in ruminants against selected pathogens associated with reproductive disorders in cattle in four Brazilian states, including the zoonotic agent Coxiella burnetii. The used tests were Virus Neutralization Assay for IBR and BVD, Microscopic Agglutination Test for Leptospira spp., Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Test (IFAT) for C. burnetii and Toxoplasma gondii, and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Neospora caninum and Trypanosoma vivax. Seropositivity for C. burnetii was 13.7% with titers from 128 to 131,072; 57.8% for BoHV-1, with titers between 2 and 1,024; 47.1% for BVDV-1a, with titers from 10 to 5,120; 89.2% for N. caninum; 50% for T. vivax; and 52.0% for Leptospira spp., with titers between 100 to 800 (the following serovars were found: Tarassovi, Grippotyphosa, Canicola, Copenhageni, Wolffi, Hardjo, Pomona and Icterohaemorrhagiae); 19.6% for T. gondii with titer of 40. This is the first study that has identified C. burnetii in cattle associated with BoHV and BVDV, N. caninum, Leptospira spp., T. gondii and T. vivax. Thus, future studies should be conducted to investigate how widespread this pathogen is in Brazilian cattle herds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Carlos Souza Zanatto
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Microbiologia Agropecuária, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho - UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil.,Departamento de Patologia Veterinária, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho - UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil
| | - Igor Renan Honorato Gatto
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho - UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil
| | - Marcelo Bahia Labruna
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Universidade de São Paulo - USP, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | | | - Samir Issa Samara
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho - UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil
| | - Rosangela Zacarias Machado
- Departamento de Patologia Veterinária, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho - UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil
| | - Marcos Rogério André
- Departamento de Patologia Veterinária, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho - UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil
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Guedes RLM, Rodrigues CMF, Coatnoan N, Cosson A, Cadioli FA, Garcia HA, Gerber AL, Machado RZ, Minoprio PMC, Teixeira MMG, de Vasconcelos ATR. A comparative in silico linear B-cell epitope prediction and characterization for South American and African Trypanosoma vivax strains. Genomics 2018; 111:407-417. [PMID: 29499243 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2018.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Trypanosoma vivax is a parasite widespread across Africa and South America. Immunological methods using recombinant antigens have been developed aiming at specific and sensitive detection of infections caused by T. vivax. Here, we sequenced for the first time the transcriptome of a virulent T. vivax strain (Lins), isolated from an outbreak of severe disease in South America (Brazil) and performed a computational integrated analysis of genome, transcriptome and in silico predictions to identify and characterize putative linear B-cell epitopes from African and South American T. vivax. A total of 2278, 3936 and 4062 linear B-cell epitopes were respectively characterized for the transcriptomes of T. vivax LIEM-176 (Venezuela), T. vivax IL1392 (Nigeria) and T. vivax Lins (Brazil) and 4684 for the genome of T. vivax Y486 (Nigeria). The results presented are a valuable theoretical source that may pave the way for highly sensitive and specific diagnostic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Lucas Muniz Guedes
- Laboratório Nacional de Computação Científica (LNCC), Av. Getúlio Vargas, 333, Petrópolis, RJ, Brazil; Grupo Hermes Pardini, Setor de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento, Vespasiano, MG, Brazil.
| | | | - Nicolas Coatnoan
- Trypanosomatids Infectious Processes Laboratory, Department of Infection and Epidemiology, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris, France
| | - Alain Cosson
- Trypanosomatids Infectious Processes Laboratory, Department of Infection and Epidemiology, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris, France
| | - Fabiano Antonio Cadioli
- Departamento Clínica, Cirurgia e Reprodução Animal, Faculdade de Odontologia e Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Herakles Antonio Garcia
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Alexandra Lehmkuhl Gerber
- Laboratório Nacional de Computação Científica (LNCC), Av. Getúlio Vargas, 333, Petrópolis, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rosangela Zacarias Machado
- Laboratório de Immnoparasitologia, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias (FCAV), Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Campus Jaboticabal, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Paola Marcella Camargo Minoprio
- Trypanosomatids Infectious Processes Laboratory, Department of Infection and Epidemiology, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris, France
| | - Marta Maria Geraldes Teixeira
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil
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