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Kushwaha R, Palei NN. Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems: Different Generations and Dermatokinetic Assessment of Drug Concentration in Skin. Pharmaceut Med 2024:10.1007/s40290-024-00537-8. [PMID: 39400929 DOI: 10.1007/s40290-024-00537-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 10/15/2024]
Abstract
Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) are a highly appealing and innovative method of administering drugs through the skin, as it enables the drugs to achieve systemic effects. A TDDS offers patient convenience, avoids first-pass hepatic metabolism, enables local targeting, and reduces the toxic effect of drug. This review details several generations of TDDS and the advancements made in their development to address the constraints associated with skin delivery systems. Transdermal delivery methods of the first generation have been consistently growing in their clinical application for administering small, lipophilic, low-dose drugs. Second-generation TDDS, utilizing chemical enhancers and iontophoresis, have led to the development of clinical products. Third-generation delivery systems employ microneedles, thermal ablation, and electroporation to specifically target the stratum corneum, which is the skin's barrier layer. Dermatokinetics is the study of the movement of drugs and formulations applied to the skin over a period of time. It provides important information regarding the rate and extent to which drugs penetrate skin layers. Several dermatokinetic techniques, including tape stripping, microdialysis, and laser scanning microscopy, have been used to study the intricate barrier properties and clearance mechanisms of the skin. This understanding is essential for developing and improving effective TDDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Kushwaha
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow Campus, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Narahari N Palei
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow Campus, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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2
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Budianti WK, Soebaryo RW, Mansyur M, Suyatna FD, Siagian M, Djajadisastra J, Prakoeswa CRS. Cocos nucifera and glycerine afterwork moisturizers for secondary prevention of hand dermatitis among fabric worker: a randomized, double-blind, cross over trial. Sci Rep 2024; 14:20702. [PMID: 39237662 PMCID: PMC11377436 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-72010-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The use of skin barrier-enhancing topical medication is a favorable approach for the treatment of occupational hand dermatitis (OHD). Cocos nucifera or coconut oil is one of the best sources of lipid enriched with laurate acid, and glycerin is a well-known humectant that improves skin hydration. This study is aimed is to evaluate the effectiveness of C. nucifera and glycerin for secondary prevention of OHD among batik (Indonesian traditional fabric) workers. In a randomized, double-blind, crossover trial, the effect of glycerine-C. nucifera cream versus glycerin-only was considered with multiple afterwork applications of moisturizer over a 2-week period on batik workers with OHD. Assessment of trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL), skin capacitance, and a clinical assessment using the Hand Eczema Severity Index (HECSI) were carried out at day 0 and 14. The results show thirty-two batik dyeing and/or rinsing workers were enrolled in the study with mild to moderate OHD. Clinical improvement was demonstrated by 20% decrease in HECSI and TEWL, and 20% increase in skin capacitance. Both moisturizers were equally effective for the secondary prevention of OHD. As a conclusion, glycerine-C. nucifera and glycerin-only cream are equally effective for secondary prevention for OHD among batik worker to reduce the prevalence of hand dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Windy K Budianti
- Dermato-venereology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia.
| | - Retno W Soebaryo
- Dermato-venereology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
| | - Muchtaruddin Mansyur
- Occupational Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
| | - Franciscus D Suyatna
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
| | - Minarma Siagian
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
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3
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Eltayib EM, Himawan A, Detamornrat U, Muhtadi WK, Li H, Li L, Vora L, Donnelly RF. Porous microneedle arrays as promising tools for the quantification of drugs in the skin: a proof of concept study. Pharm Dev Technol 2024; 29:164-175. [PMID: 38363720 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2024.2319734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to demonstrate the potential of using porous microneedles (PMNs) as a promising tool for the noninvasive quantification of topically applied pharmaceutical products. We fabricated a porous microneedle (PMN) from a blend of cellulose acetate and dimethyl sulfoxide by casting and phase separation; it was characterized using scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and a Texture Analyzer. An ex vivo study was conducted as a proof-of-concept study to assess whether this PMN could be used to quantify drug absorption through the skin after the topical administration of two nonequivalent products of sodium ibuprofen (gel and dissolving microneedles). Three cellulose acetate formulations (PMN1: 37.5%, PMN-2: 44.4%, and PMN-3: 50%) were used to prepare PMN patches; subsequently, these were evaluated for their morphological and insertion properties. Only PMN-2 microneedle patches were chosen to continue with the ex vivo study. The ex vivo study results demonstrated that PMNs could absorb and release sodium ibuprofen (SDIB) and differentiate between two different SDIB topical products. This can be attributed to the porous and interconnected architecture of these microneedles. This developmental study highlights the potential success of such a tool for the quantification of dermal drug concentration and supports moving to in vivo tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eyman M Eltayib
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Achmad Himawan
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia
| | | | | | - Huanhuan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Luchi Li
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
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Aldawsari MF, Kamal MA, Balaha MF, Jawaid T, Jafar M, Hashmi S, Ganaie MA, Alam A. Optimized Ribociclib nanostructured lipid carrier for the amelioration of skin cancer: Inferences from ex-vivo skin permeation and dermatokinetic studies. Saudi Pharm J 2024; 32:101984. [PMID: 38384476 PMCID: PMC10879011 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2024.101984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Current research focuses on explicitly developing and evaluating nanostructured lipidic carriers (NLCs) for the chemotherapeutic drug Ribociclib (RCB) via the topical route to surmount the inherent bioavailability shortcomings. The absolute oral bioavailability has not been determined, but using a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model it was predicted that 65.8 % of the standard dose of RCB (600 mg) would be absorbed mainly in the small intestine. RCB-NLCs were produced using the solvent evaporation method, and Box-Behnken Design (BBD) was employed to optimize composition. The prepared NLCs had an average PS of 79.29 ± 3.53 nm, PDI of 0.242 ± 0.021, and a %EE of 86.07 ± 3.14. The TEM analysis disclosed the spherical form and non-aggregative nature of the NLCs. The outcomes of an in-vitro release investigation presented cumulative drug release of 84.97 ± 3.37 % in 24 h, significantly higher than that from the RCB suspension (RCB-SUS). Ex-vivo skin permeation investigations on rodent (Swiss albino mice) revealed that RCB-NLCs have 1.91 times increases in skin permeability comparable to RCB-SUS. Compared to RCB-SUS, RCB-NLCs were able to penetrate deeper into the epidermis membrane than RCB-SUS as per the findings of confocal microscopy. In dermatokinetic study, higher amount of RCB was maintained in both the layers of mice's skin when treated with RCB-NLCs gel comparable to the RCB-SUS gel preparation. The in-vitro, ex-vivo, CLSM, and dermatokinetics data demonstrated a significant possibility for this novel RCB formulation to be effective against skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed F. Aldawsari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Azhar Kamal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed F. Balaha
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Talha Jawaid
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 13317, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Jafar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sana Hashmi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Unaizah 51911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majid Ahmad Ganaie
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Dentistry and Pharmacy, Buraydah Colleges, 51418 Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aftab Alam
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
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Slavkova M, Lazov C, Spassova I, Kovacheva D, Tibi IPE, Stefanova D, Tzankova V, Petrov PD, Yoncheva K. Formulation of Budesonide-Loaded Polymeric Nanoparticles into Hydrogels for Local Therapy of Atopic Dermatitis. Gels 2024; 10:79. [PMID: 38275852 PMCID: PMC10815368 DOI: 10.3390/gels10010079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Budesonide is a mineral corticoid applied in the local therapy of pediatric atopic dermatitis. Unfortunately, its dermal administration is hindered by the concomitant adverse effects and its physicochemical properties. The characteristic pH change in the atopic lesions can be utilized for the preparation of a pH-sensitive nanocarrier. In this view, the formulation of Eudragit L 100 nanoparticles as a budesonide delivery platform could provide more efficient release to the desired site, improve its penetration, and subsequently lower the undesired effects. In this study, budesonide-loaded Eudragit L100 nanoparticles were prepared via the nanoprecipitation method (mean diameter 57 nm, -31.2 mV, and approx. 90% encapsulation efficiency). Their safety was proven by cytotoxicity assays on the HaCaT keratinocyte cell line. Further, the drug-loaded nanoparticles were incorporated into two types of hydrogels based on methylcellulose or Pluronic F127. The formulated hydrogels were characterized with respect to their pH, occlusion, rheology, penetration, spreadability, and drug release. In conclusion, the developed hydrogels containing budesonide-loaded nanoparticles showed promising potential for the pediatric treatment of atopic dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Slavkova
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria (I.P.-E.T.); (D.S.); (V.T.)
| | - Christophor Lazov
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria (I.P.-E.T.); (D.S.); (V.T.)
| | - Ivanka Spassova
- Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (I.S.); (D.K.)
| | - Daniela Kovacheva
- Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (I.S.); (D.K.)
| | - Ivanka Pencheva-El Tibi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria (I.P.-E.T.); (D.S.); (V.T.)
| | - Denitsa Stefanova
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria (I.P.-E.T.); (D.S.); (V.T.)
| | - Virginia Tzankova
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria (I.P.-E.T.); (D.S.); (V.T.)
| | - Petar D. Petrov
- Institute of Polymers, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Akad. G. Bonchev Str. 103A, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Krassimira Yoncheva
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria (I.P.-E.T.); (D.S.); (V.T.)
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Alhasso B, Ghori MU, Conway BR. Development of a Nanoemulgel for the Topical Application of Mupirocin. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2387. [PMID: 37896147 PMCID: PMC10610056 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15102387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mupirocin (MUP) is an effective topical antibiotic with poor skin permeability; however, its skin permeability can be improved by a nanoemulsion formulation based on eucalyptus oil or eucalyptol. Despite this improvement, the nanoemulsion has limitations, such as low viscosity, low spreadability, and poor retention on the skin. To overcome these limitations, the aim of this study was to develop a nanoemulgel formulation that would enhance its rheological behaviour and physicochemical properties. The MUP nanoemulgel was prepared by incorporating a preprepared MUP nanoemulsion into Carbopol gel at a concentration of 0.75% in a 1:1 ratio. The nanoemulgel formulations were characterised and evaluated for their physicochemical and mechanical strength properties, rheological behaviour, and in vitro skin permeation and deposition, as well as antibacterial studies. Both nanoemulgels exhibited stability at temperatures of 4 and 25 °C for a period of 3 months. They had a smooth, homogenous, and consistent appearance and displayed non-Newtonian pseudoplastic behaviour, with differences in their viscosity and spreadability. However, both nanoemulgels exhibited lower skin permeability compared to the marketed control. The local accumulation efficiency of MUP from nanoemulgel after 8 h was significantly higher than that of the control, although there was no significant difference after 24 h. Micro-CT scan imaging allowed visualisation of these findings and interpretation of the deposited drug spots within the layers of treated skin. While there were no significant differences in the antibacterial activities between the nanoemulgels and the control, the nanoemulgels demonstrated superiority over the control due to their lower content of MUP. These findings support the potential use of the nanoemulgel for targeting skin lesions where high skin deposition and low permeability are required, such as in the case of topical antibacterial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahjat Alhasso
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK; (B.A.); (M.U.G.)
| | - Muhammad Usman Ghori
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK; (B.A.); (M.U.G.)
| | - Barbara R. Conway
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK; (B.A.); (M.U.G.)
- Institute of Skin Integrity and Infection Prevention, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK
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Abid F, Savaliya B, Parikh A, Kim S, Amirmostofian M, Cesari L, Song Y, Page SW, Trott DJ, Garg S. Nanotechnology and narasin: a powerful combination against acne. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:13728-13739. [PMID: 37577823 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr01789c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Acne vulgaris is widely regarded as the most prevalent skin disorder characterized by painful, inflammatory skin lesions that are primarily attributed to the pathogenic actions of Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes). To improve the clinical management of this disease, there is a pressing clinical demand to develop innovative antibacterial therapies that utilize novel mechanisms. The current research aimed to discover the antibacterial efficacy of narasin (NAR), a polyether ionophore, against drug-resistant acne bacteria. In addition, the study aimed to formulate self-nanomicellizing solid dispersions (SNMSD), utilizing Soluplus® (SOL), as a drug delivery system to incorporate NAR and selectively target the lipophilic C. acnes abundant environments within the skin. Furthermore, the study aimed to investigate the ex vivo deposition and permeation of NAR into the various layers of the skin using full-thickness porcine ear skin as a model skin. By encapsulating NAR within spherical polymeric micelles (dn < 80 nm) aqueous solubility was significantly increased by approximately 100-fold (from <40 μg mL-1 to 4600 μg mL-1). Following optimization, the micelle solution was integrated into a gel formulation (containing 0.2% w/v NAR) and evaluated for stability over 4 weeks at room temperature (drug content >98%). Results from drug deposition and permeation experiments demonstrated that the deposition of NAR from the NAR-micelle solution and its gel formulation into the lipophilic stratum corneum (19 835.60 ± 6237.89 ng cm-2 and 40 601.14 ± 3736.09 ng cm-2) and epidermis (19 347 ± 1912.98 ng cm-2 and 18 763.54 ± 580.77 ng cm-2) was superior to that of NAR in solution, which failed to penetrate any skin layers. In conclusion, the outcomes of this study provide evidence that NAR exhibits promising activity against antimicrobial resistant strains of C. acnes (MIC range ≤0.008-0.062) and that micelle nanocarriers can improve the aqueous solubility of poorly water-soluble drugs. Furthermore, our results highlight the ability of nanomicelles to enable selective and targeted drug delivery to the lipophilic skin layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Abid
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
| | - Bhumika Savaliya
- Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy SA, 5371, Australia
| | - Ankit Parikh
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
| | - Sangseo Kim
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
| | - Marzieh Amirmostofian
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
| | - Laura Cesari
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille 13007, France
| | - Yunmei Song
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
| | | | - Darren J Trott
- Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy SA, 5371, Australia
| | - Sanjay Garg
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
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Ghazwani M, Hani U, Alqarni MH, Alam A. Beta Caryophyllene-Loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carriers for Topical Management of Skin Disorders: Statistical Optimization, In Vitro and Dermatokinetic Evaluation. Gels 2023; 9:550. [PMID: 37504429 PMCID: PMC10378941 DOI: 10.3390/gels9070550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This work aimed to overcome the disadvantages of the oral administration of beta-caryophyllene and boost efficiency by developing a nanostructured lipid carrier for topical administration of the drug in skin disorders. The heat emulsification method was utilized to produce beta-caryophyllene-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers. The newly created formulation was examined for its particle size, entrapment efficiency, and zeta potential after being improved using the Box-Behnken Design. The chosen formulation underwent tests to determine its ex vivo skin retention, dermatokinetic, in vitro release, antioxidant, and confocal laser scanning microscopy study. The findings of the characterization of the nanostructured lipid carriers demonstrated that the particles had a spherical form and a size of 210.86 nm (0.263 polydispersity index). The entrapment efficiency was determined to be 86.74%, and the zeta potential was measured to be -26.97 mV. The in vitro release investigation showed that nanostructure lipid carriers were capable of releasing regulated amounts of beta-caryophyllene for up to 24 hrs. In comparison to the traditional gel formulation, the ex vivo investigation demonstrated a 1.94-fold increase in the skin's capacity to retain the substance. According to the findings of the study, nanostructure lipid carriers loaded with beta-caryophyllene have the potential to be investigated for use as a topical administration method in skin disorders with enhanced skin retention and effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Ghazwani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Umme Hani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed H Alqarni
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aftab Alam
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
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Rapalli VK, Tomar Y, Sharma S, Roy A, Singhvi G. Apremilast loaded lyotropic liquid crystalline nanoparticles embedded hydrogel for improved permeation and skin retention: An effective approach for psoriasis treatment. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 162:114634. [PMID: 37018989 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The present work aimed to prepare and evaluate Apremilast loaded lyotropic liquid crystalline nanoparticles (LCNPs) formulation for skin delivery to enhance the efficacy with reduced adverse effects of the oral therapy in psoriasis treatment. The LCNPs were prepared using the emulsification using a high shear homogenizer for size reduction and optimized with Box Behnken design to achieve desired particle size and entrapment efficiency. The selected LCNPs formulation was evaluated for in-vitro release, in-vitro psoriasis efficacy, skin retention, dermatokinetic, in-vivo skin retention, and skin irritation study. The selected formulation exhibited 173.25 ± 2.192 nm (polydispersity 0.273 ± 0.008) particle size and 75.028 ± 0.235% entrapment efficiency. The in-vitro drug release showed the prolonged-release for 18 h. The ex-vivo studies revealed that LCNPs formulation exhibited drug retention up to 3.2 and 11.9-fold higher, in stratum corneum and viable epidermis compared to conventional gel preparation. In-vitro cell line studies performed on immortal keratinocyte cells (HaCaT cells) demonstrated non-toxicity of selected excipients used in designed LCNPs. The dermatokinetic study revealed the AUC0-24 of the LCNPs loaded gel was 8.4 fold higher in epidermis and 2.06 fold in dermis, respectively compared to plain gel. Further, in-vivo animal studies showed enhanced skin permeation and retention of Apremilast compared to conventional gel.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yashika Tomar
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani 333031, India
| | - Swati Sharma
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani 333031, India
| | - Aniruddha Roy
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani 333031, India
| | - Gautam Singhvi
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani 333031, India.
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10
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Yadav PR, Das DB, Pattanayek SK. Coupled Diffusion-Binding-Deformation Modelling for Phase-Transition Microneedles-Based Drug Delivery. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:1108-1118. [PMID: 36528111 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2022.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Phase-transition microneedles (PTMNs)-based transdermal drug delivery (TDD) is gaining popularity due to its non-invasiveness and ability to deliver a wide range of drugs. PTMNs absorb interstitial skin fluid (ISF) and transport drugs from microneedle (MNs) domain to the skin without polymer dissolution. To establish PTMNs for practical use, one needs to understand and optimise the key parameters governing drug transport mechanisms to achieve controlled drug delivery. In addressing this point, we have developed a coupled diffusion-binding-deformation model to understand the effect of physicochemical parameters (e.g., swelling capacity, drug binding) of MN and skin mechanical properties on overall drug transport behaviour. The contact mechanics at the MN and skin interface is introduced to account for the resistive force exerted by the deformed skin to MN swelling. The model is validated with the reported data of in vitro insulin delivery using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) MN. The drug binding parameters are estimated from the fitting of the cumulative release of insulin within 6 hours of MN insertion. To predict the in vivo data of insulin delivery using the PVA MN, one-compartment model of drug pharmacokinetics is incorporated. It is shown in the paper that the model is able to predict the final insulin concentration in blood and in good agreement with the reported experimental data. The proposed model is concluded to be a tool for the predictive design and development of PTMNs-based TDD systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prateek Ranjan Yadav
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi 110016, India
| | - Diganta Bhusan Das
- Chemical Engineering Department, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
| | - Sudip K Pattanayek
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi 110016, India.
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Alnaim AS, Shah H, Nair AB, Mewada V, Patel S, Jacob S, Aldhubiab B, Morsy MA, Almuqbil RM, Shinu P, Shah J. Qbd-Based Approach to Optimize Niosomal Gel of Levosulpiride for Transdermal Drug Delivery. Gels 2023; 9:gels9030213. [PMID: 36975662 PMCID: PMC10048649 DOI: 10.3390/gels9030213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Poor aqueous solubility besides extensive hepatic first effect significantly decreases the oral absorption of levosulpiride, which in turn minimizes its therapeutic effectiveness. Niosomes have been extensively investigated as a transdermal vesicular nanocarrier to increase the delivery of low permeable compounds into and across the skin. This research work was to design, develop and optimize levosulpiride-loaded niosomal gel and to evaluate its prospects for transdermal delivery. The Box-Behnken design was used to optimize niosomes by analyzing the impact of three factors (cholesterol; X1, Span 40; X2, and sonication time; X3) on the responses (particle size, Y1, and entrapment efficiency, Y2). Optimized formulation (NC) was incorporated into gel and evaluated for pharmaceutical properties, drug release study, ex vivo permeation, and in vivo absorption. The design experiment data suggest that all three independent variables influence both response variables significantly (p < 0.01). Pharmaceutical characteristics of NC vesicles showed the absence of drug excipient interaction, nanosize (~102.2 nm), narrow distribution (~0.218), adequate zeta potential (−49.9 mV), and spherical shape, which are suitable for transdermal therapy. The levosulpiride release rates varied significantly (p < 0.01) between niosomal gel formulation and control. Greater flux (p < 0.01) was observed with levosulpiride-loaded niosomal gel than with control gel formulation. Indeed, the drug plasma profile of niosomal gel was significantly higher (p < 0.005), with ~3 folds higher Cmax and greater bioavailability (~500% higher; p < 0.0001) than its counterpart. Overall, these findings imply that the use of an optimized niosomal gel formulation can increase the therapeutic efficacy of levosulpiride and may represent a promising alternative to conventional therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed S. Alnaim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (A.S.A.); (J.S.)
| | - Hiral Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Arihant School of Pharmacy & BRI, Adalaj, Gandhinagar 382421, India
| | - Anroop B. Nair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vivek Mewada
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad 382481, India
| | - Smit Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Arihant School of Pharmacy & BRI, Adalaj, Gandhinagar 382421, India
| | - Shery Jacob
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, Ajman 4184, United Arab Emirates
| | - Bandar Aldhubiab
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A. Morsy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, El-Minia 61511, Egypt
| | - Rashed M. Almuqbil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pottathil Shinu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jigar Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad 382481, India
- Correspondence: (A.S.A.); (J.S.)
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12
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Gou S, Del Río-Sancho S, Laubach HJ, Kalia YN. Erbium:YAG fractional laser ablation improves cutaneous delivery of pentoxifylline from different topical dosage forms. Int J Pharm 2022; 628:122259. [PMID: 36198359 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Topical application of pentoxifylline (PTX) would enable targeted treatment of radiation-induced skin fibrosis. However, PTX is hydrophilic with limited partitioning into the stratum corneum. The objective of this study was to investigate whether use of Erbium:YAG fractional laser ablation and different topical dosage forms (solution, hydrogel and patch) could be used to improve PTX cutaneous delivery as opposed to transdermal permeation. Initial results confirmed that fractional laser ablation significantly increased PTX delivery from each dosage form compared to passive controls. Delivery efficiencies of ∼30% were achieved with each dosage form but a large proportion of PTX permeated across the skin; thus, fluences were decreased to create shallower micropores, their depth being linearly dependent on fluence. The hydrogel was selected as the optimal formulation and PTX delivery efficiencies were further increased (44%-67%) by reducing the amount of hydrogel applied (better mimicking conditions of use). As this resulted in PTX depletion in the formulation, a loss of dependence of delivery on laser fluence was observed. These findings suggest that fractional laser ablation at moderate fluences enables an effective and targeted cutaneous delivery of PTX from a hydrogel formulation, which can be easily produced without the need for complex equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Gou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sergio Del Río-Sancho
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Hans-Joachim Laubach
- Division of Dermatology, Geneva University Hospital, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; Centre Laser MD, 8 Rue de Londres, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Yogeshvar N Kalia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
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13
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Transdermal Drug Delivery: Determining Permeation Parameters Using Tape Stripping and Numerical Modeling. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14091880. [PMID: 36145628 PMCID: PMC9505649 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14091880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The function of transdermal drug delivery (TDD) systems is complex due to the multiple layers necessary for controlling the rate of drug release and the interaction with the patient’s skin. In this work, we study a particular aspect of a TDD system, that is, the parameters that describe the drug permeation through the skin layers. Studies of the diffusion of two compounds were carried out and supported by tape stripping and numerical modeling. The experimental studies are carried out for porcine skin in a Franz diffusion cell and tape stripping is used to quantify the concentration of drug in the stratum corneum. A multi-layered numerical model, based on Fickian diffusion, is used to determine the unknown parameters that define the skin’s permeability, such as the partition between layers and the mass transfer coefficients due to the surface barrier. A significant correlation was found between the numerical modeling and experimental results, indicating that the partition and mass transfer effects at the interlayer boundary are accurately represented in the numerical model. We find that numerical modeling is essential to fully describe the diffusion characteristics.
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14
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Bains J, Carver S, Hua S. Pathophysiological and Pharmaceutical Considerations for Enhancing the Control of Sarcoptes scabiei in Wombats Through Improved Transdermal Drug Delivery. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:944578. [PMID: 35836504 PMCID: PMC9274280 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.944578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcoptic scabiei is an invasive parasitic mite that negatively impacts wombats, causing sarcoptic mange disease, characterized by alopecia, intense pruritus, hyperkeratosis, and eventual mortality. Evidence suggests that wombats may be unable to recovery from infection without the assistance of treatments. Transdermal drug delivery is considered the most ideal route of administration for in situ treatment in free-ranging wombats, as it is non-invasive and avoids the need to capture affected individuals. Although there are effective antiparasitic drugs available, an essential challenge is adequate administration of drugs and sufficient drug retention and absorption when delivered. This review will describe the implications of sarcoptic mange on the physiology of wombats as well as discuss the most widely used antiparasitic drugs to treat S. scabiei (ivermectin, moxidectin, and fluralaner). The prospects for improved absorption of these drugs will be addressed in the context of pathophysiological and pharmaceutical considerations influencing transdermal drug delivery in wombats with sarcoptic mange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaskaran Bains
- Therapeutic Targeting Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Scott Carver
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Susan Hua
- Therapeutic Targeting Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Susan Hua
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15
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van Staden D, Haynes RK, Viljoen JM. Adapting Clofazimine for Treatment of Cutaneous Tuberculosis by Using Self-Double-Emulsifying Drug Delivery Systems. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11060806. [PMID: 35740212 PMCID: PMC9219976 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11060806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Although chemotherapeutic treatment regimens are currently available, and considerable effort has been lavished on the development of new drugs for the treatment of tuberculosis (TB), the disease remains deeply intractable and widespread. This is due not only to the nature of the life cycle and extraordinarily disseminated habitat of the causative pathogen, principally Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), in humans and the multi-drug resistance of Mtb to current drugs, but especially also to the difficulty of enabling universal treatment of individuals, immunocompromised or otherwise, in widely differing socio-economic environments. For the purpose of globally eliminating TB by 2035, the World Health Organization (WHO) introduced the "End-TB" initiative by employing interventions focusing on high impact, integrated and patient-centered approaches, such as individualized therapy. However, the extraordinary shortfall in stipulated aims, for example in actual treatment and in TB preventative treatments during the period 2018-2022, latterly and greatly exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic, means that even greater pressure is now placed on enhancing our scientific understanding of the disease, repurposing or repositioning old drugs and developing new drugs as well as evolving innovative treatment methods. In the specific context of multidrug resistant Mtb, it is furthermore noted that the incidence of extra-pulmonary TB (EPTB) has significantly increased. This review focusses on the potential of utilizing self-double-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SDEDDSs) as topical drug delivery systems for the dermal route of administration to aid in treatment of cutaneous TB (CTB) and other mycobacterial infections as a prelude to evaluating related systems for more effective treatment of CTB and other mycobacterial infections at large. As a starting point, we consider here the possibility of adapting the highly lipophilic riminophenazine clofazimine, with its potential for treatment of multi-drug resistant TB, for this purpose. Additionally, recently reported synergism achieved by adding clofazimine to first-line TB regimens signifies the need to consider clofazimine. Thus, the biological effects and pharmacology of clofazimine are reviewed. The potential of plant-based oils acting as emulsifiers, skin penetration enhancers as well as these materials behaving as anti-microbial components for transporting the incorporated drug are also discussed.
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16
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Ranjan Yadav P, Iqbal Nasiri M, Vora LK, Larrañeta E, Donnelly RF, Pattanayek SK, Bhusan Das D. Super-swelling Hydrogel-forming Microneedle based Transdermal Drug Delivery: Mathematical Modelling, Simulation and Experimental Validation. Int J Pharm 2022; 622:121835. [PMID: 35597393 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Super-swelling hydrogel-forming microneedles (HFMNs) based transdermal drug delivery (TDD) is gaining significant interest due to their non-invasiveness and ability to deliver a wide range of drugs. The HFMNs swell by imbibing interstitial skin fluid (ISF), and they facilitate drug transport from the reservoir attached at the base into the skin without polymer dissolution. To develop HFMNs for practical applications, a complete understanding of the drug transport mechanism is required, allowing for controlled TDD and geometrical optimisation. A three-phase system consisting of a reservoir, microneedle, and skin is considered. A mathematical model is developed to incorporate the drug binding within the matrix of the compartment, which was not considered earlier. Super-swelling nature of the HFMNs is incorporated through the swelling ratio obtained experimentally for a polymer. The results are validated with in vitro diffusion studies of ibuprofen sodium (IBU) across excised porcine skin, showing that around 20% of the loaded IBU in lyophilised wafer was delivered in 24 hours. It was observed that increasing IBU solubility in reservoir can achieve high drug transport across the skin. The developed model is shown to be in good agreement with the experimental data. It is concluded that the proposed model can be considered a tool with predictive design and development of super-swelling HFMNs based TDD systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prateek Ranjan Yadav
- Chemical Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi 110016, India
| | - Muhammad Iqbal Nasiri
- Hamdard Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hamdard University, Islamabad Campus, 44000 Pakistan; School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Lalitkumar K Vora
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Eneko Larrañeta
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Ryan F Donnelly
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Sudip K Pattanayek
- Chemical Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi 110016, India.
| | - Diganta Bhusan Das
- Chemical Engineering Department, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, Leicestershire, United Kingdom.
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17
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Lamie C, Elmowafy E, Ragaie MH, Attia DA, Mortada ND. Assessment of antifungal efficacy of itraconazole loaded aspasomal cream: comparative clinical study. Drug Deliv 2022; 29:1345-1357. [PMID: 35506466 PMCID: PMC9090397 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2022.2067601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Topical conveyance of antifungal agents like itraconazole ITZ has been giving good grounds for expecting felicitous antifungal medicines. The defiance of topical delivery of this poorly water soluble and high-molecular-weight drug, however, mightily entail an adequate vehiculation. ITZ aspasomes, newer antioxidant generation of liposomes, have been designed and enclosed in a cream to ameliorate skin deposition. The proposed creams containing non-formulated ITZ or encapsulated in aspasomes (0.1% or 0.5%) were topically applied in patients with diagnosed diaper dermatitis complicated by candidiasis, tinea corporis (TC), and tinea versicolor (TVC). Placebos (void aspasomal cream and cream base) were also utilized. The obtained results for diaper rash revealed that aspasomal cream (0.5% ITZ) was eminent with respect to complete cure and negative candida culture after 10-day therapy relative to counterparts containing 0.1% ITZ aspasomes or non-formulated ITZ (0.1% and 0.5%). For tinea, the same trend was manifested in terms of ‘cleared’ clinical response in 90% of patients and absence of fungal elements after 4-week treatment. Relative to non-formulated ITZ, ITZ aspasomal cream was endorsed to be auspicious especially when ITZ concentration was lowered to half commercially available cream concentration (1%), pushing further exploitation in other dermal fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Lamie
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, The British University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Enas Elmowafy
- Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maha H Ragaie
- Department of Dermatology, STD's and Andrology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Al Minya, Egypt
| | - Dalia A Attia
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, The British University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nahed D Mortada
- Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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18
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Rapalli VK, Mahmood A, Waghule T, Gorantla S, Kumar Dubey S, Alexander A, Singhvi G. Revisiting techniques to evaluate drug permeation through skin. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2021; 18:1829-1842. [PMID: 34826250 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2021.2010702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Investigating the transportation of a drug molecule through various layers of skin and determining the amount of drug retention in skin layers is of prime importance in transdermal and topical drug delivery. The information regarding drug permeation and retention in skin layers aids in optimizing a formulation and provides insight into the therapeutic efficacy of a formulation. AREAS COVERED This perspective covers various methods that have been explored to estimate drug/therapeutics in skin layers using in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo conditions. In vitro methods such as diffusion techniques, ex vivo methods such as isolated perfused skin models and in vivo techniques including dermato-pharmacokinetics employing tape stripping, and microdialysis are discussed. Application of all techniques at various stages of formulation development where various local and systemic effects need to be considered. EXPERT OPINION The void in the existing methodologies necessitates improvement in the field of dermatologic research. Standardization of protocols, experimental setups, regulatory guidelines, and further research provides information to select an alternative for human skin to perform skin permeation experiments to increase the reliability of data generated through the available techniques. There is a need to utilize multiple techniques for appropriate dermato-pharmacokinetics evaluation and formulation's efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vamshi Krishna Rapalli
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, India
| | - Arisha Mahmood
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, India
| | - Tejashree Waghule
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, India
| | - Srividya Gorantla
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Dubey
- Medical Research, R&D Healthcare Division, Emami Ltd, Kolkata, India
| | - Amit Alexander
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, India
| | - Gautam Singhvi
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, India
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19
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Gonçalves C, Ramalho MJ, Silva R, Silva V, Marques-Oliveira R, Silva AC, Pereira MC, Loureiro JA. Lipid Nanoparticles Containing Mixtures of Antioxidants to Improve Skin Care and Cancer Prevention. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13122042. [PMID: 34959324 PMCID: PMC8706926 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13122042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress, triggered by UV radiation, is one of the major causes of free radical-associated disorders, such as skin cancer. The application of natural compounds (NCs) with antioxidant effects can attenuate free radicals’ accumulation and, therefore, provide a strategy for skin care and cancer prevention. In this work, three natural compounds, naringenin, nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA), and kaempferol, were encapsulated into nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) aiming for the development of a formulation for cutaneous application with antioxidant properties. For the experiments, different formulation parameters were evaluated to optimize the NLCs that showed a diameter around 200 nm, which is an adequate particle size for incorporation in cosmetics. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis confirmed the NLCs’ typical spherical morphology. Encapsulation efficiency (EE) and loading capacity (LC) values revealed an effective production process, with EEs over 90% and LCs near the maximum value. The developed NLCs revealed a prolonged in vitro release of the natural compounds. The NLCs were stable under storage conditions, maintaining their psychochemical characteristics for 30 days. Additionally, they did not show any physical instability in accelerated stability studies, which also suggests long-term stability. Finally, the NCs antioxidant activity was evaluated. Interestingly, the NDGA and kaempferol mixture provided an antioxidant synergic effect. The NLC formulations’ cytotoxicity was tested in vitro in immortalized human keratinocytes (HaCaT). In addition, putative antioxidant effects of the developed NLC formulations against tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP)-induced oxidative stress were studied, and the NDGA-loaded NLC was revealed to be the one with the most protective effect. Therefore, we concluded that the naringenin, NDGA, and kaempferol incorporation into NLCs constitutes a promising strategy to increase their bioavailability and delivery to the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Gonçalves
- LEPABE, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; (C.G.); (M.J.R.)
| | - Maria João Ramalho
- LEPABE, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; (C.G.); (M.J.R.)
| | - Renata Silva
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (R.S.); (V.S.); (R.M.-O.)
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Vera Silva
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (R.S.); (V.S.); (R.M.-O.)
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rita Marques-Oliveira
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (R.S.); (V.S.); (R.M.-O.)
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Catarina Silva
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (R.S.); (V.S.); (R.M.-O.)
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, MEDTECH, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- FP-ENAS (UFP Energy, Environment and Health Research Unit), CEBIMED (Biomedical Research Centre), Faculty of Health Sciences, University Fernando Pessoa, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: (A.C.S.); (M.C.P.); (J.A.L.)
| | - Maria Carmo Pereira
- LEPABE, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; (C.G.); (M.J.R.)
- Correspondence: (A.C.S.); (M.C.P.); (J.A.L.)
| | - Joana A. Loureiro
- LEPABE, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; (C.G.); (M.J.R.)
- Correspondence: (A.C.S.); (M.C.P.); (J.A.L.)
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20
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Junnu S, Borlace GN, Thongkham E, Aiemsaard J. In Vivo Efficacy of Clove Essential Oil Ointment for Microsporum gallinae Avian Dermatophytosis-A Randomized Controlled Trial. Avian Dis 2021; 65:463-468. [PMID: 34699144 DOI: 10.1637/aviandiseases-d-21-00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Avian favus (dermatophytosis) is a superficial mycosis caused by Microsporum gallinae in poultry. This disease is an important problem in poultry husbandry, but the standard antifungal treatment can leave drug residues in farm products. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of a clove essential oil ointment (3%, w/w) with commercially available ketoconazole cream (2%, w/w) for the treatment of M. gallinae infection in chickens. An in vitro time-kill assay showed that clove essential oil ointment reduced the number of viable M. gallinae ATCC 90749 by 99.99% within 1 hr. A randomized controlled trial showed that the therapeutic efficacy of clove essential oil ointment (3%, w/w) was noninferior to ketoconazole cream (2%, w/w) in M. gallinae-infected chickens. The percentage of completely recovered (culture-negative) animals in both treatment groups was 90% in day 35 after initial treatment. This study indicates that clove essential oil is suitable for preparation as an alternative topical treatment for avian dermatophytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sucheeva Junnu
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand
| | - Glenn N Borlace
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand
| | - Eakachai Thongkham
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand
| | - Jareerat Aiemsaard
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand,
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21
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Bayoumi M, Arafa MG, Nasr M, Sammour OA. Nobiletin-loaded composite penetration enhancer vesicles restore the normal miRNA expression and the chief defence antioxidant levels in skin cancer. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20197. [PMID: 34642396 PMCID: PMC8511031 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99756-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin cancer is one of the most dangerous diseases, leading to massive losses and high death rates worldwide. Topical delivery of nutraceuticals is considered a suitable approach for efficient and safe treatment of skin cancer. Nobiletin; a flavone occurring in citrus fruits has been reported to inhibit proliferation of carcinogenesis since 1990s, is a promising candidate in this regard. Nobiletin was loaded in various vesicular systems to improve its cytotoxicity against skin cancer. Vesicles were prepared using the thin film hydration method, and characterized for particle size, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, TEM, ex-vivo skin deposition and physical stability. Nobiletin-loaded composite penetration enhancer vesicles (PEVs) and composite transfersomes exhibited particle size 126.70 ± 11.80 nm, 110.10 ± 0.90 nm, zeta potential + 6.10 ± 0.40 mV, + 9.80 ± 2.60 mV, entrapment efficiency 93.50% ± 3.60, 95.60% ± 1.50 and total skin deposition 95.30% ± 3.40, 100.00% ± 2.80, respectively. These formulations were selected for cytotoxicity study on epidermoid carcinoma cell line (A431). Nobiletin-loaded composite PEVs displayed the lowest IC50 value, thus was selected for the in vivo study, where it restored skin condition in DMBA induced skin carcinogenesis mice, as delineated by histological and immuno-histochemical analysis, biochemical assessment of skin oxidative stress biomarkers, in addition to miRNA21 and miRNA29A. The outcomes confirmed that nobiletin- loaded composite PEVs is an efficient delivery system combating skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahitab Bayoumi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, Cairo, 11837, Egypt
| | - Mona G Arafa
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, Cairo, 11837, Egypt
- Chemotherapeutic Unit, Mansoura University Hospitals, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Maha Nasr
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, African Organization Unity Street, Cairo, 11561, Egypt.
| | - Omaima A Sammour
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, African Organization Unity Street, Cairo, 11561, Egypt
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22
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Rapalli VK, Sharma S, Roy A, Singhvi G. Design and dermatokinetic evaluation of Apremilast loaded nanostructured lipid carriers embedded gel for topical delivery: A potential approach for improved permeation and prolong skin deposition. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 206:111945. [PMID: 34216849 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.111945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to develop Apremilast loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) for topical delivery to overcome the limitations of oral therapy and increase the efficacy. Apremilast loaded NLCs were prepared by hot emulsification technique. The developed formulation was optimized by Box Behnken design and characterized for size, entrapment efficiency, and zeta potential. The selected formulation was investigated for in-vitro release, ex-vivo skin retention, dermatokinetic, psoriasis efficacy, in-vivo skin retention and skin irritation study. The NLCs characterization results showed its spherical shape with the particle size of 157.91 ± 1.267 nm (0.165 ± 0.017 PDI). The entrapment efficiency and zeta potential were found to be 69.144 ± 0.278% and -16.75 ± 1.40 mV, respectively. The in-vitro release study revealed a controlled release of Apremilast from NLCs up to 24 h. The ex-vivo study showed 3-fold enhanced skin retention compared to conventional gel preparation. The formulation depicted improved psoriasis efficacy indicating reduced TNF-α mRNA expression. The cytotoxicity and skin irritation study revealed the prepared formulation has no toxicity or irritation. The study depicts the NLCs loaded Apremilast can be explored for the topical delivery for treatment of psoriasis with improved skin retention and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vamshi Krishna Rapalli
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, 333031, India
| | - Swati Sharma
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, 333031, India
| | - Aniruddha Roy
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, 333031, India
| | - Gautam Singhvi
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, 333031, India.
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Discovery of a novel RORγ antagonist with skin-restricted exposure for topical treatment of mild to moderate psoriasis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9132. [PMID: 33911101 PMCID: PMC8080595 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88492-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical success of IL-17/IL-23 pathway biologics for the treatment of moderate to severe psoriasis suggests that targeting RORγt, a master regulator for the proliferation and function of Th17 cells, could be an effective alternative. However, oral RORγ antagonists (VTP43742, TAK828) with high systemic exposure showed toxicity in phase I/II clinical trials and terminated development. To alleviate the potential safety concerns, identifying compounds with skin-restricted exposure amenable for topical use is of great interest. Systematic structure activity relationship study and multi-parameter optimization led to the discovery of a novel RORγ antagonist (SHR168442) with desired properties for a topical drug. It suppressed the transcription of IL-17 gene, leading to reduction of IL-17 cytokine secretion. It showed high exposure in skin, but low in plasma. Topical application of SHR168442 in Vaseline exhibited excellent efficacy in the imiquimod-induced and IL-23-induced psoriasis-like skin inflammation mouse models and correlated with the reduction of Th17 pathway cytokines, IL-6, TNFα and IL-17A. This work demonstrated restricted skin exposure of RORγ antagonist may provide a new topical treatment option as targeted therapeutics for mild to moderate psoriasis patients and may be suitable for the treatment of any other inflammatory disorders that are accessible locally.
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Enhancement of Curcumin Anti-Inflammatory Effect via Formulation into Myrrh Oil-Based Nanoemulgel. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13040577. [PMID: 33672981 PMCID: PMC7917777 DOI: 10.3390/polym13040577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Curcumin (Cur) possesses a variety of beneficial pharmacological properties including antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activities. Nevertheless, the low aqueous solubility and subsequent poor bioavailability greatly limits its effectiveness. Besides, the role of myrrh oil as an essential oil in treating inflammatory disorders has been recently demonstrated. The objective of the current investigation is to enhance Cur efficacy via developing Cur nanoemulgel, which helps to improve its solubility and permeability, for transdermal delivery. Methods: The formulated preparations (Cur gel, emulgel and nanoemulgel) were evaluated for their physical appearance, spreadability, viscosity, particle size, in vitro release and ex vivo drug permeation studies. The in vivo anti-inflammatory activity was estimated using the carrageenan-induced rat hind paw edema method. Results: The formulated Cur-loaded preparations exhibited good physical characteristics that were in the acceptable range of transdermal preparations. The release of Cur from gel, emulgel and nanoemulgel after 12 h was 72.17 ± 3.76, 51.93 ± 3.81 and 62.0 ± 3.9%, respectively. Skin permeation of Cur was significantly (p < 0.05) improved when formulated into nanoemulgel since it showed the best steady state transdermal flux (SSTF) value (108.6 ± 3.8 µg/cm2·h) with the highest enhancement ratio (ER) (7.1 ± 0.2). In vivo anti-inflammatory studies proved that Cur-loaded nanoemulgel displayed the lowest percent of swelling (26.6% after 12 h). Conclusions: The obtained data confirmed the potential of the nanoemulgel dosage form and established the synergism of myrrh oil and Cur as an advanced anti-inflammatory drug.
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Austin TJ, Comber S, Forrester E, Gardner M, Price OR, Oldenkamp R, Ragas AMJ, Hendriks AJ. The importance of over-the-counter-sales and product format in the environmental exposure assessment of active pharmaceutical ingredients. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 752:141624. [PMID: 32892036 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
When assessing the environmental exposure of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), the mass contributed from over the counter (OTC) sales are often not included due to difficulty obtaining this data and topical formats are overlooked completely. This study presents a comprehensive approach, investigating the significance of OTC and topical applications as sources of API releases to wastewater, in addition to temporal and subnational variations in use in the UK. The study provides methods to obtain and make use of OTC sales data which can be applied widely. The calculated releases to wastewater compared well with influent concentrations measured at several UK wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Consistent overestimation was observed, attributed to a number of factors, including in-sewer removal. OTC sales were found to make up a large proportion of the mass of ibuprofen (76%) and diclofenac (35%) consumed and topical formats were also found to be vital, contributing disproportionately to wastewater loadings per unit mass of ibuprofen and diclofenac used (43% and 99% of the total mass released, respectively). Releases of the APIs investigated did not vary temporally, but regional variation was significant and where possible should be considered for the most accurate exposure assessment of pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sean Comber
- Plymouth University, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | | | - Mike Gardner
- Atkins Limited, 500, Park Avenue, Aztec West, Almondsbury, Bristol BS32 4RZ, UK
| | | | - Rik Oldenkamp
- Department of Environmental Science, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6500GL Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Ad M J Ragas
- Department of Environmental Science, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6500GL Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - A Jan Hendriks
- Department of Environmental Science, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6500GL Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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Bioactive Compounds for Skin Health: A Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13010203. [PMID: 33445474 PMCID: PMC7827176 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Human skin is continually changing. The condition of the skin largely depends on the individual’s overall state of health. A balanced diet plays an important role in the proper functioning of the human body, including the skin. The present study draws attention to bioactive substances, i.e., vitamins, minerals, fatty acids, polyphenols, and carotenoids, with a particular focus on their effects on the condition of the skin. The aim of the study was to review the literature on the effects of bioactive substances on skin parameters such as elasticity, firmness, wrinkles, senile dryness, hydration and color, and to define their role in the process of skin ageing.
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Rapalli VK, Singhvi G. Dermato-pharmacokinetic: assessment tools for topically applied dosage forms. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2020; 18:423-426. [PMID: 33232212 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2021.1856071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gautam Singhvi
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani, India
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Waghule T, Rapalli VK, Gorantla S, Saha RN, Dubey SK, Puri A, Singhvi G. Nanostructured Lipid Carriers as Potential Drug Delivery Systems for Skin Disorders. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:4569-4579. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200614175236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Skin diseases affect all the age groups of people and have an impact on patients’ physical,
mental, and emotional status. Conventional topical preparation is limited with its efficacy due to low permeation,
frequent application, and poor adherence to the therapy for prolong time.
Objective:
The objective of this review article is to address the emerging trends of nanotechnology derived lipidic
carrier systems for an effective treatment for skin disorders.
Methodology:
Various research and review articles from reputed international journals were referred and compiled.
Results and Discussion:
opical drug delivery systems were found to be more effective than oral and parenteral
drug delivery systems for treating skin diseases due to targeted localized applications with reduced side effects.
Lipid-based nanoparticles have been found to have the potential in treating skin diseases due to the biocompatibility
and the versatility of the lipids. Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) have gained much attention in treating
skin diseases due to improved stability of the drugs, enhanced skin permeation, retention, and better therapeutic
efficacy. The review summarizes the NLCs characteristics and their application for topical delivery of various
therapeutics in skin disorders. NLCs have shown great potential in effective drug delivery for the treatment of
psoriasis, dermatitis, bacterial infections, and skin cancer. Its cosmetic application has opened a new area for
skincare. Furthermore, safety and clinical status revealed its future commercial acceptability.
Conclusion:
NLCs have been found as effective lipid nanocarriers for the delivery of topical therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejashree Waghule
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, India
| | - Vamshi Krishna Rapalli
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, India
| | - Srividya Gorantla
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, India
| | - Ranendra Narayan Saha
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Dubey
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, India
| | - Anu Puri
- National Cancer Institute at Frederick, National Institutes of Health, United States
| | - Gautam Singhvi
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, India
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Supe S, Takudage P. Methods for evaluating penetration of drug into the skin: A review. Skin Res Technol 2020; 27:299-308. [PMID: 33095948 DOI: 10.1111/srt.12968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skin being the largest organ of the human body plays a very important role in the permeation and penetration of the drug. In addition, the transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS) plays a major role in managing dermal infections and attaining sustained plasma drug concentration. Thus, evaluation of percutaneous penetration of the drug through the skin is important in developing TDDS for human use. MATERIAL AND METHODS Various techniques are used for getting the desired drug penetration, permeation, and absorption through the skin in managing these dermal disorders. The development of novel pharmaceutical dosage forms for dermal use is much explored in the current era. However, it is very important to evaluate these methods to determine the bioequivalence and risk of these topically applied drugs, which ultimately penetrate and are absorbed through the skin. RESULTS Currently, numerous skin permeation models are being developed and persuasively used in studying dermatopharmacokinetic (DPK) profile and various models have been developed, to evaluate the TDD which include ex vivo human skin, ex vivo animal skin, and artificial or reconstructed skin models. CONCLUSION This review discusses the general physiology of the skin, the physiochemical characteristics affecting particle penetration, understand the models used for human skin permeation studies and understanding their advantages, and disadvantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibani Supe
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Chemical technology, Mumbai, India
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Akrawi SH, Gorain B, Nair AB, Choudhury H, Pandey M, Shah JN, Venugopala KN. Development and Optimization of Naringenin-Loaded Chitosan-Coated Nanoemulsion for Topical Therapy in Wound Healing. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E893. [PMID: 32962195 PMCID: PMC7558164 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12090893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential role of naringenin (NAR), a natural flavonoid, in the treatment of chronic wound has prompted the present research to deliver the drug in nanoemulsion (NE) form, where synergistic role of chitosan was achieved through development of chitosan-coated NAR NE (CNNE). The NE consisted of Capryol 90, Tween 20 and Transcutol P, which was fabricated by low-energy emulsification method to encapsulate NAR within the oil core. The optimization of the formulated NEs was performed using Box-Behnken statistical design to obtain crucial variable parameters that influence globule size, size distribution and surface charge. Finally, the optimized formulation was coated with different concentrations of chitosan and subsequently characterized in vitro. The size of the CNNE was found to be increased when the drug-loaded formulation was coated with chitosan. Controlled release characteristics depicted 67-81% release of NAR from the CNNE, compared to 89% from the NE formulation. Cytotoxicity study of the formulation was performed in vitro using fibroblast cell line (NIH-3T3), where no inhibition in proliferation of the cells was observed with CNNE. Finally, the wound healing potential of the CNNE was evaluated in an abrasion-created wound model in experimental animals where the animals were treated and compared histologically at 0 and 14 days. Significant improvement in construction of the abrasion wound was observed when the animals were treated with formulated CNNE, whereas stimulation of skin regeneration was depicted in the histological examination. Therefore, it could be summarized that the chitosan coating of the developed NAR NE is a potential platform to accelerate healing of wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabah H. Akrawi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Bapi Gorain
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya, Selangor 47500, Malaysia;
- Centre for Drug Delivery and Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya, Selangor 47500, Malaysia
| | - Anroop B. Nair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hira Choudhury
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (H.C.); (M.P.)
| | - Manisha Pandey
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (H.C.); (M.P.)
| | - Jigar N. Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad 382481, Gujarat, India;
| | - Katharigatta N. Venugopala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4001, South Africa
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Jacob S, Nair AB, Patel V, Shah J. 3D Printing Technologies: Recent Development and Emerging Applications in Various Drug Delivery Systems. AAPS PharmSciTech 2020; 21:220. [PMID: 32748243 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-020-01771-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The 3D printing is considered as an emerging digitized technology that could act as a key driving factor for the future advancement and precise manufacturing of personalized dosage forms, regenerative medicine, prosthesis and implantable medical devices. Tailoring the size, shape and drug release profile from various drug delivery systems can be beneficial for special populations such as paediatrics, pregnant women and geriatrics with unique or changing medical needs. This review summarizes various types of 3D printing technologies with advantages and limitations particularly in the area of pharmaceutical research. The applications of 3D printing in tablets, films, liquids, gastroretentive, colon, transdermal and intrauterine drug delivery systems as well as medical devices have been briefed. Due to the novelty and distinct features, 3D printing has the inherent capacity to solve many formulation and drug delivery challenges, which are frequently associated with poorly aqueous soluble drugs. Recent approval of Spritam® and publication of USFDA technical guidance on additive manufacturing related to medical devices has led to an extensive research in various field of drug delivery systems and bioengineering. The 3D printing technology could be successfully implemented from pre-clinical phase to first-in-human trials as well as on-site production of customized formulation at the point of care having excellent dose flexibility. Advent of innovative 3D printing machineries with built-in flexibility and quality with the introduction of new regulatory guidelines would rapidly integrate and revolutionize conventional pharmaceutical manufacturing sector.
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Vesicular Emulgel Based System for Transdermal Delivery of Insulin: Factorial Design and in Vivo Evaluation. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10155341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Transdermal delivery of insulin is a great challenge due to its poor permeability through the skin. The aim of the current investigation was to evaluate the prospective of insulin loaded niosome emulgel as a noninvasive delivery system for its transdermal therapy. A 23 full-factorial design was used to optimize the insulin niosome emulgel by assessing the effect of independent variables (concentration of paraffin oil, Tween 80 and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose) on dependent variables (in vitro release, viscosity and in vitro permeation). The physical characteristics of the prepared formulations were carried out by determining viscosity, particle size, entrapment efficiency, drug loading, drug release and kinetics. In vitro permeation studies were carried out using rat skin membrane. Hypoglycemic activity of prepared formulations was assessed in diabetic-induced rats. It was observed that the independent variables influenced the dependent variables. A significant difference (p < 0.05) in viscosity was noticed between the prepared gels, which in turn influenced the insulin release. The order of permeation is: insulin niosome emulgel > insulin niosome gel > insulin emulgel > insulin gel > insulin niosomes > insulin solution. The enhancement in transdermal flux in insulin niosome emulgel was 10-fold higher than the control (insulin solution). In vivo data significantly demonstrated reduction (p < 0.05) of plasma glucose level (at six hours) by insulin niosome emulgel than other formulations tested. The results suggest that the developed insulin niosome emulgel could be an efficient carrier for the transdermal delivery of insulin.
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Development of Topical/Transdermal Self-Emulsifying Drug Delivery Systems, Not as Simple as Expected. Sci Pharm 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/scipharm88020017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDSs) originated as an oral lipid-based drug delivery system with the sole purpose of improving delivery of highly lipophilic drugs. However, the revolutionary drug delivery possibilities presented by these uniquely simplified systems in terms of muco-adhesiveness and zeta-potential changing capacity lead the way forward to ground-breaking research. Contrarily, SEDDSs destined for topical/transdermal drug delivery have received limited attention. Therefore, this review is focused at utilising principles, established during development of oral SEDDSs, and tailoring them to fit evaluation strategies for an optimised topical/transdermal drug delivery vehicle. This includes a detailed discussion of how the authentic pseudo-ternary phase diagram is employed to predict phase behaviour to find the self-emulsification region most suitable for formulating topical/transdermal SEDDSs. Additionally, special attention is given to the manner of characterising oral SEDDSs compared to topical/transdermal SEDDSs, since absorption within the gastrointestinal tract and the multi-layered nature of the skin are two completely diverse drug delivery territories. Despite the advantages of the topical/transdermal drug administration route, certain challenges such as the relatively undiscovered field of skin metabolomics as well as the obstacles of choosing excipients wisely to establish skin penetration enhancement might prevail. Therefore, development of topical/transdermal SEDDSs might be more complicated than expected.
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Quality by Design: Development of the Quality Target Product Profile (QTPP) for Semisolid Topical Products. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12030287. [PMID: 32210126 PMCID: PMC7150996 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12030287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the "quality by design" (QbD) approach has been used for developing pharmaceutical formulations. This is particularly important for complex dosage forms such as topical semisolid products. The first step for developing a product using this efficient approach is defining the quality target product profile (QTPP), a list of quality attributes (QAs) that are required to be present in the final product. These quality attributes are affected by the ingredients used as well as manufacturing procedure parameters. Hence, critical material attributes (CMAs) and critical process parameters (CPPs) need to be specified. Possible failure modes of a topical semisolid product can be determined based on the physiochemical properties of ingredients and manufacturing procedures. In this review, we have defined and specified QTPP, QAs, CMAs and CPPs that are required for developing a topical semisolid product based on the QbD approach.
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Bolla PK, Clark BA, Juluri A, Cheruvu HS, Renukuntla J. Evaluation of Formulation Parameters on Permeation of Ibuprofen from Topical Formulations Using Strat-M ® Membrane. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E151. [PMID: 32069850 PMCID: PMC7076669 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12020151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Topical drug delivery is an attractive alternative to conventional methods because of advantages such as non-invasive delivery, by-pass of first pass metabolism, and improved patient compliance. However, several factors such as skin, physicochemical properties of the drug, and vehicle characteristics influence the permeation. Within a formulation, critical factors such as concentration of drug, physical state of drug in the formulation, and organoleptic properties affect the flux across the skin. The aim of the study was to develop and investigate topical semisolid preparations (creams and gels) with ibuprofen as the model drug and investigate the effect of various formulation parameters on the in-vitro performance across the Strat-M® membrane using flow-through cells. In addition, the physical stability of the developed formulations was investigated by studying viscosity, pH, and appearance. All the formulations developed in the study had appealing appearance with smooth texture and no signs of separation. Viscosity and pH of the formulations were acceptable. Cumulative amount of drug permeated at the end of 24 h was highest for clear gel (3% w/w ibuprofen; F6: 739.6 ± 36.1 µg/cm2) followed by cream with high concentration of ibuprofen in suspended form (5% w/w; F3: 320.8 ± 17.53 µg/cm2), emulgel (3% w/w ibuprofen; F5: 178.5 ± 34.5 µg/cm2), and cream with solubilized ibuprofen (3% w/w; F2A: 163.2 ± 9.36 µg/cm2). Results from this study showed that permeation of ibuprofen was significantly influenced by formulation parameters such as concentration of ibuprofen (3% vs. 5% w/w), physical state of ibuprofen (solubilized vs. suspended), formulation type (cream vs. gel), mucoadhesive agents, and viscosity (high vs. low). Thus, findings from this study indicate that pharmaceutical formulation scientists should explore these critical factors during the early development of any new topical drug product in order to meet pre-determined quality target product profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Kumar Bolla
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W. University Ave, El Paso, TX 79968, USA;
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fred Wilson School of Pharmacy, High Point University, High Point, NC 27268, USA;
| | - Bradley A. Clark
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fred Wilson School of Pharmacy, High Point University, High Point, NC 27268, USA;
| | - Abhishek Juluri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA;
| | - Hanumanth Srikanth Cheruvu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad 500037, India;
| | - Jwala Renukuntla
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fred Wilson School of Pharmacy, High Point University, High Point, NC 27268, USA;
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de Oliveira D, de Andrade DF, de Oliveira EG, Beck RCR. Liquid chromatography method to assay tretinoin in skin layers: validation and application in skin penetration/retention studies. Heliyon 2019; 6:e03098. [PMID: 31909266 PMCID: PMC6940676 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e03098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A liquid chromatography (LC) method for the quantification of tretinoin (TTN) in different matrices (adhesive tape, cotton and porcine skin layers, stratum corneum, viable epidermis, and dermis) was validated and applied in in vitro porcine skin penetration/retention studies. This study proposes, for the first time, a method for assaying TTN in separated porcine skin layers (stratum corneum, viable epidermis, and dermis). The skin studies were carried out using tape stripping and cutaneous retention techniques. The procedures for the extraction of TTN from dermatological formulations (creams and gels) and biological and non-biological matrices used with the tape stripping and retention techniques were also evaluated. The LC method consisted of a mobile phase composed of a mixture of methanol, water, and glacial acetic acid (85:15:1, v/v); a C18 column used as the stationary phase; a flow rate of 1.0 mL min−1; an injection volume of 100 μL; and TTN detection at 342 nm. The method was linear in the range of 0.05–15.00 μg mL−1 (r = 0.9999), and it was precise and accurate. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were 0.0165 μg mL−1 and 0.0495 μg mL−1, respectively. TTN was extracted from different matrices, showing good precision [relative standard deviation (RSD) of <5%] and accuracy (89.4–113.9%). This method was successfully applied in the evaluation of TTN skin retention/permeation from dermatological formulations (cream and gel). A higher penetration of TTN through the skin was achieved with the gel rather than the cream, showing the influence of the dosage form. Therefore, the developed method can easily be applied in porcine skin penetration/retention studies of dermatological formulations containing TTN, and it is able to discriminate the behaviours of the different formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dileusa de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Diego Fontana de Andrade
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Edilene Gadelha de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ruy Carlos Ruver Beck
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Thakur K, Sharma G, Singh B, Katare OP. Topical Drug Delivery of Anti-infectives Employing Lipid-Based Nanocarriers: Dermatokinetics as an Important Tool. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 24:5108-5128. [PMID: 30657036 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190118155843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The therapeutic approaches for the management of topical infections have always been a difficult approach due to lack of efficacy of conventional topical formulations, high frequency of topical applications and non-patient compliance. The major challenge in the management of topical infections lies in antibiotic resistance which leads to severe complications and hospitalizations resulting in economic burden and high mortality rates. METHODS Topical delivery employing lipid-based carriers has been a promising strategy to overcome the challenges of poor skin permeation and retention along with large doses which need to be administered systemically. The use of lipid-based delivery systems is a promising strategy for the effective topical delivery of antibiotics and overcoming drug-resistant strains in the skin. The major systems include transfersomes, niosomes, ethosomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers, microemulsion and nanoemulsion as the most promising drug delivery approaches to treat infectious disorders. The main advantages of these systems include lipid bilayer structure which mimics the cell membrane and can fuse with infectious microbes. The numerous advantages associated with nanocarriers like enhanced efficacy, improvement in bioavailability, controlled drug release and ability to target the desired infectious pathogen have made these carriers successful. CONCLUSION Despite the number of strides taken in the field of topical drug delivery in infectious diseases, it still requires extensive research efforts to have a better perspective of the factors that influence drug permeation along with the mechanism of action with regard to skin penetration and deposition. The final objective of the therapy is to provide a safe and effective therapeutic approach for the management of infectious diseases affecting topical sites leading to enhanced therapeutic efficacy and patient-compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanika Thakur
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014, India
| | - Gajanand Sharma
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014, India
| | - Bhupindar Singh
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014, India
| | - Om Prakash Katare
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014, India
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Lac D, Hermsmeier M, Chen X, Yam N, Yamamoto A, Huang S, Sawant T, Chan KF, Nagavarapu U. Topical minocycline formulations: Evaluation and comparison of dermal uptake efficacy. Int J Pharm X 2019; 1:100009. [PMID: 31517274 PMCID: PMC6733297 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpx.2019.100009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Acne vulgaris is a clinically distinct skin condition with evidence suggesting that inflammation plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of this disorder. Treatment of severe inflammatory acne often involves the use of oral antibiotics, sometimes in combination with topical products. Oral antibiotics often result in systemic side effects and the risks of antibiotic resistance, but no commercial topical minocycline is currently available. We have developed a unique, stable, hydrophilic topical gel formulation with fully solubilized minocycline (MNC-H). Minocycline delivered in our hydrophilic gel remained more stable in situ, resulting in less degradation product (4-epiminocycline) than a lipophilic formulation (MNC-L). The hydrophilic nature of our formulation enabled 2-3 fold increase in delivery into the skin ex vivo compared to a lipophilic counterpart, mostly seen in the epidermis and pilosebaceous units. The lipophilic formulation also appeared to be more occlusive, resulting in higher sebum production in minipigs, which may exacerbate acne vulgaris. As our results indicate, a 1, 2% minocycline hydrophilic gel may deliver sufficient drug (>15 μg/g) to potentially demonstrate clinical efficacy. These findings suggest that topical hydrophilic minocycline gel may provide a novel tool for topical acne therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Usha Nagavarapu
- BioPharmX, Inc., 115 Nicholson Lane, San Jose, CA 95134, USA
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Nair AB, Shah J, Aljaeid BM, Al-Dhubiab BE, Jacob S. Gellan Gum-Based Hydrogel for the Transdermal Delivery of Nebivolol: Optimization and Evaluation. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1699. [PMID: 31623262 PMCID: PMC6836162 DOI: 10.3390/polym11101699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Poor solubility and appreciable first-pass metabolism have limited the oral bioavailability of nebivolol. The objective of the current investigation was to design, formulate, and optimize a hydrogel-based transdermal system for nebivolol using factorial design and compare its pharmacokinetics with oral suspension. Hydrogel formulations (F1-F8) were prepared by varying the amounts of gellan gum, carbopol, and polyethylene glycol. A 23 full factorial design was used to assess the effect of independent variables such as gellan gum, carbopol, and polyethylene glycol 400 on dependent variables like viscosity, in vitro release, and ex vivo permeation after 2 h at two levels. Optimized gel (F7), containing nebivolol hydrochloride (75 mg), gellan gum (300 mg), carbopol (150 mg), polyethylene glycol 400 (20 µl), tween 80 (1 ml), ethanol (10 ml), and water (up to 30 ml) was selected and evaluated in albino rats. The physicochemical properties of F7 (pH: 7.1 ± 0.15, viscosity: 8943 ± 116 centipoise, drug content: 98.81% ± 2.16%) seem ideal for transdermal application. It was noticed that the concentration of carbopol has a more significant role than gellan gum in gel viscosity. A biphasic release pattern was exhibited by gels, and the release rate was mainly influenced by the concentration of gellan gum. Greater transdermal flux (30.86 ± 4.08 µg/cm2/h) was observed in F7 as compared with other prepared gels. Noticeable enhancement in AUC0-α value (986.52 ± 382.63 ng.h/ml; p < 0.01) of transdermal therapy (~2-fold higher compared with oral administration) established the potential of F7 to improve the rate and extent of nebivolol delivery. The overall results demonstrated here signify that F7 could be a feasible alternative to oral therapy of nebivolol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anroop B. Nair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Jigar Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad 382481, Gujarat, India;
| | - Bader M. Aljaeid
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Bandar E. Al-Dhubiab
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Shery Jacob
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, Ajman 4184, UAE;
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Ravikumar P, Katariya M, Patil S, Tatke P, Pillai R. Skin delivery of resveratrol encapsulated lipidic formulation for melanoma chemoprevention. J Microencapsul 2019; 36:535-551. [PMID: 31353993 DOI: 10.1080/02652048.2019.1649481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Objective: An unmet need for patient friendly products can be achieved with novel, biocompatible lipidic formulations which encapsulate and prolong release of medicaments. The aim of this study was to develop a commercially scalable resveratrol-loaded solid-lipid microparticulate (SLM) topical gel for melanoma chemoprevention. Methods: Preformulation studies were conducted and drug-excipient interactions examined using infra-red spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Resveratrol-loaded SLM topical gel was prepared and evaluated by in vitro and in vivo parameters. Results: Spherical microparticles of 2.98 μm average size were obtained and DSC thermograms provide evidence of trans-resveratrol encapsulation. In vitro and ex vivo drug diffusion studies revealed sustained release profiles. Optimised SLM gel provides optimum antioxidant, tyrosinase inhibition, cytotoxicity in B16F10 melanoma cell line and apoptosis efficacy. In vivo studies on C57BL mice exhibit significant tumour reduction. Conclusion: Promising role of trans-resveratrol-loaded SLM topical gel in melanoma chemoprevention is proven.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padmini Ravikumar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SVKM's Dr Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy , Mumbai , India
| | | | - Sushil Patil
- Abbott Healthcare Pvt. Ltd., MIDC , Mumbai , India
| | - Pratima Tatke
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, C.U Shah College of Pharmacy , Mumbai , India
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Nair AB, Gupta S, Al-Dhubiab BE, Jacob S, Shinu P, Shah J, Morsy MA, SreeHarsha N, Attimarad M, Venugopala KN, Akrawi SH. Effective Therapeutic Delivery and Bioavailability Enhancement of Pioglitazone Using Drug in Adhesive Transdermal Patch. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11070359. [PMID: 31340601 PMCID: PMC6681070 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11070359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The administration of pioglitazone as an oral therapy is restricted due to various challenges. The aim of the current investigation was to evaluate the suitability of pioglitazone in adhesive transdermal patch as an alternative delivery system, in order to improve therapeutic delivery. Drug in adhesive pioglitazone (2% w/w) transdermal patch were optimized for drug release, suitable adhesive, and skin permeation enhancer. The selected patch was examined for drug-loading capacity and the patch with greater pioglitazone (6% w/w) was evaluated in rat models. The release of pioglitazone was influenced by the tested adhesive and was shown to be significantly higher (p < 0.001) with patch, prepared using Duro-Tak 87-2516. The ex vivo permeation results substantiate the release data as a greater transdermal flux (15.67 ± 2.35 µg/cm2/h) was demonstrated in patch fabricated with Duro-Tak 87-2516. Skin penetration enhancers promoted the ex vivo transdermal delivery of pioglitazone, and was ~2 folds (p < 0.0001) higher with propylene glycol, as compared to patch without enhancer. The maximum solubility of pioglitazone in Duro-Tak 87-2516 was found to be 6% w/w. Increasing the drug content in patch enhanced the transdermal flux and was highest when the pioglitazone level was 6% w/w (72.68 ± 5.76 µg/cm2/h). In vivo pharmacokinetic data demonstrate that the AUC0-α in transdermal application (13,506.51 ± 1649.92 ng·h/mL) was ~2 times higher (p < 0.0001) as compared to oral dosage form. In conclusion, the promising results observed here signifies that developed patch could be a viable alternative for oral therapy of pioglitazone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anroop B Nair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sumeet Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, M. M. College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana 133203, India
| | - Bandar E Al-Dhubiab
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shery Jacob
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, Ajman 4184, UAE
| | - Pottathil Shinu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jigar Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad 382481, Gujarat, India
| | - Mohamed Aly Morsy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, El-Minia 61511, Egypt
| | - Nagaraja SreeHarsha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahesh Attimarad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Katharigatta N Venugopala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Sabah H Akrawi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
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Abstract
Topically applied antibacterial agents are widely used. Opinions regarding the clinical efficacy of topical antibiotics are conflicting, and for most indications, alternative oral therapies are available. Topical application has many potential advantages over systemic therapy that includes high and sustained concentrations of drug directly at the infected site, low quantity of antibiotic needed, better compliance, fewer systemic side effects and potentially less chance of antimicrobial resistance. Despite these advantages, an important concern has been the difficulty in monitoring antibiotic dosage and duration of therapy. Most topical preparations are applied on sites with pre-existing normal bacterial flora, and the detrimental effect of antibiotic on the 'good' bacteria is difficult to control. Unnecessary exposure of the resident microflora to high drug levels may select drug-resistant phenotypes. The number of antibiotics available and the quality and composition of the formulations recommended for topical drug delivery are improving. Their role in the prevention and treatment of locally invasive infections is established for many clinical conditions. However, there is still a lacuna in the availability of pharmacokinetic (PK) knowledge of these topical preparations and translation of the same to clinical practice. In addition, reporting the clinical outcome following the use of these agents and its analysis considering the recently proposed epidemiological cut-off value-based cut-offs are also areas which merit further research. In this review, we highlight the clinical utility and the PK aspects of topical antimicrobials in various infections. We also discuss the limitations of the current antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) protocols and new methods for AMST for topical agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallab Ray
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Shreya Singh
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Swati Gupta
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Pandey P, Pandey S, Cabot PJ, Wallwork B, Panizza BJ, Parekh HS. Toxicity evaluation and nasal mucosal tissue deposition of dexamethasone-infused mucoadhesive in situ nasal gelling systems. Saudi Pharm J 2019; 27:914-919. [PMID: 31997897 PMCID: PMC6978612 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
To demonstrate safety of a developed intranasal dexamethasone-infused in situ gelling formulation, quantification of a validated clinical biomarker indicative of cytotoxic potential using a human sinonasal explant model was first confirmed. Systematic cytotoxicity studies using the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) detection assay revealed no elevation from baseline, in LDH levels, with tissue integrity of explanted human nasal mucosa also maintained; this was further corroborated using tissue histopathological examination. Next, with safety confirmed ex vivo, freshly excised human nasal tissue was utilised to quantify dexamethasone release from the lead sol–gel systems; this being achieved through development and validation of a HPLC-UV analytical method, which reliably quantified controlled therapeutic release and deposition into mucosal tissue. Collectively, these findings indicate promise in the safety of each excipient within the concentrations employed in the functional sol–gel system, complemented by successful and reliable drug release and deposition into human nasal mucosal tissue. These findings pave the way for application of the dexamethasone-based sol–gel system to the extended delivery of corticosteroids to nasal mucosa in the management of localised inflammatory conditions of an acute and chronic nature, such as chronic rhinosinusitis, which can be expected to benefit from controlled and extended drug delivery characteristics imparted by appropriately engineered in situ gelling systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Pandey
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Saurabh Pandey
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Peter J. Cabot
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Benjamin Wallwork
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Benedict J. Panizza
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Harendra S. Parekh
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Corresponding author at: The University of Queensland, School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence (PACE), 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia. http://www.pharmacy.uq.edu.au/profile/705/harendraparekh
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45
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Raju D, Jose J. Development and evaluation of novel topical gel of neem extract for the treatment of bacterial infections. J Cosmet Dermatol 2019; 18:1776-1783. [DOI: 10.1111/jocd.12965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dhidhin Raju
- Department of Pharmaceutics, N.G.S.M. Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences NITTE Deemed to be University Mangalore India
| | - Jobin Jose
- Department of Pharmaceutics, N.G.S.M. Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences NITTE Deemed to be University Mangalore India
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Aboul-Einien MH, Kandil SM, Abdou EM, Diab HM, Zaki MSE. Ascorbic acid derivative-loaded modified aspasomes: formulation, in vitro, ex vivo and clinical evaluation for melasma treatment. J Liposome Res 2019; 30:54-67. [PMID: 30821553 DOI: 10.1080/08982104.2019.1585448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin C (L-Ascorbic acid) has many favourable effects on the skin such as antioxidant, anti-aging and whitening effects. Its instability and low permeability limit its pharmaceutical use in cosmetic and dermatological products. Instead, Mg ascorbyl phosphate (MAP), an ascorbic acid derivative, has the same effect with higher stability is being used. In this work, a vesicular system, aspasomes, containing MAP was developed and evaluated. Aspasomes are multilayered vesicles formed by amphiphiles molecules, Ascorbyl palmitate (ASP), in combination with cholesterol and charged lipids for drug encapsulation. Here, we investigated the use of lecithin instead of the charged lipid dicetyl phosphate for aspasomes development. Nine formulations were prepared and evaluated for their entrapment efficiency, particle size, polydispersity index (PDI) and zeta potential. Their entrapment efficiency ranged from 33.00 ± 2.27 to 95.18 ± 1.06, while their particle size was from 373.34 ± 60.85 to 464.37 ± 93.46 nm with acceptable PDI (from 0.212 ± 0.068 to 0.351 ± 0.061) and zeta potential (from -37.52 ± 2.42 to -50.36 ± 1.82). Three formulations were selected and evaluated for their drug release, permeation and retention into skin. One formulation was selected to be formulated as aspasomal topical cream and gel. The aspasomal cream was found to have enhanced drug permeation and skin retention over the aspasomal gel as well as the aspasomes formulation. MAP aspasomal cream was evaluated clinically as an effective treatment for melasma against 15% trichloroacetic acid (TCA) and the results recorded that the aspasomal cream showed the greatest degree of improvement regarding the hemi-MASI scores with 35% of patients rating it as excellent treatment. The study showed that MAP aspasomal cream can be considered a novel treatment of melasma which is free of side effects. Its efficacy as a monotherapy is superior to that of chemical peeling using 15% TCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona H Aboul-Einien
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Soha M Kandil
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology & Information (MTI), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ebtsam M Abdou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Organization of Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), Giza, Egypt
| | - Heba M Diab
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shamas University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa S E Zaki
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shamas University, Cairo, Egypt
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Nirbhavane P, Sharma G, Singh B, Khuller GK, Goni VG, Patil AB, Katare OP. Preclinical Explorative Assessment of Celecoxib-Based Biocompatible Lipidic Nanocarriers for the Management of CFA-Induced Rheumatoid Arthritis in Wistar Rats. AAPS PharmSciTech 2018; 19:3187-3198. [PMID: 30143947 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-018-1148-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Celecoxib (CXB), a COX-2 inhibitor, is primarily indicated for long-term treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The effective therapeutic efficacy of CXB on RA via oral administration shows adverse systemic complications, and therefore, local application of CXB has been recommended. The aim of the present study was to develop and characterize solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) with enhanced skin permeation potential of CXB. The particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), and percentage drug entrapment (PDE) of the developed SLNs (CXB-SLNs) were found to be 240 nm, < 0.3, and ~ 86% respectively. The developed SLNs exhibited sustained release up to 70% at the end of 48 h. Drug permeation was found to be 45% for SLN gel and 31% for conventional gel. The dermatokinetic studies also confirmed enhanced permeation of CXB in the epidermis and dermis and revealed superiority of the developed SLN gel vis-à-vis the conventional gel. Further, in the CFA-induced arthritis rat model, % arthritis index (AI) of the CXB-SLN gel formulation was found to be very less (18.54%) as compared to untreated (187.34%) and conventional gel-treated (91.61%) animals. In conclusion, the current study can provide a suitable alternative for the development of an effective topical formulation of CXB in lipid nanocarriers.
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Chu GY, Chen YF, Chen HY, Chan MH, Gau CS, Weng SM. Stem cell therapy on skin: Mechanisms, recent advances and drug reviewing issues. J Food Drug Anal 2018; 26:14-20. [PMID: 29389549 PMCID: PMC9332639 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell products and its clinical applications have been widely discussed in recent years, particularly when the Japanese “induced pluripotent stem cells” founder Dr. Yamanaka was awarded as Nobel Prize laureate in 2013. For decades, major progresses have been achieved in the stem cell biology field, and more and more evidence showed that skin stem cells are involved in the process of skin repair. Stem/progenitor cells of the epidermis are recognized to play the most essential role in the tissue regeneration of skin. In this review, we first illustrated basic stem cell characteristics and various stem cell subtypes resided in the skin. Second, we provided several literatures to elucidate how stem/progenitor cells collaborate in the process of skin repair with the evidence from animal model studies and in vitro experiments. Third, we also introduced several examples of skin cell products on the pharmaceutic market and the ongoing clinical trials aiming for unmet medical difficulties of skin. Last but not least, we summarized general reviewing concerns and some disputatious issues on dermatological cell products. With this concise review, we hope to provide further beneficial suggestions for the development of more effective and safer dermatological stem/progenitor cell products in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gong-Yau Chu
- Center for Drug Evaluation, Taipei 11557,
Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, Shin-Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei 11101,
Taiwan
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221,
Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, Kang-Ning General Hospital, Taipei 11490,
Taiwan
| | - Yu-Fu Chen
- Department of Speech Language Pathology and Audiology, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei 11219,
Taiwan
| | | | | | | | - Shih-Ming Weng
- Center for Drug Evaluation, Taipei 11557,
Taiwan
- Department of Speech Language Pathology and Audiology, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei 11219,
Taiwan
- Corresponding author. 3F No. 465, Sec. 6, Zhongxiao E. Rd., Taipei 11557, Taiwan. E-mail address: (S.-M. Weng)
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Patel VM, Schwartz RA, Lambert WC. Topical antiviral and antifungal medications in pregnancy: a review of safety profiles. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2017; 31:1440-1446. [PMID: 28449377 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.14297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Medications should be employed with caution in women of childbearing age who are pregnant or considering pregnancy. Compared to oral or parenteral agents, topical medications have limited systemic absorption and are deemed safer. However, their safety profile must be assessed cautiously due to the limited available data. In this article, we aggregate human and animal studies to provide recommendations on utilizing topical antiviral and antifungal medications in pregnancy. For antiviral medications, acyclovir and trichloroacetic acid are safe to use in pregnancy. Docosanol, imiquimod and penciclovir are likely safe, but should be utilized as second-line agents. Podofilox and podophyllin resin should be avoided. For antifungal medications, clotrimazole, miconazole and nystatin are considered first-line agents. Butenafine, ciclopirox, naftifine, oxiconazole and terbinafine may be utilized after the above agents. Econazole should be avoided during the first trimester and used sparingly during 2nd and 3rd trimester. Ketoconazole and selenium sulphide are likely safe, but should be employed in limited areas for brief periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- V M Patel
- Dermatology and Pathology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - R A Schwartz
- Dermatology and Pathology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - W C Lambert
- Dermatology and Pathology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
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50
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Jacob S, Nair AB, Al-Dhubiab BE. Preparation and evaluation of niosome gel containing acyclovir for enhanced dermal deposition. J Liposome Res 2016; 27:283-292. [DOI: 10.1080/08982104.2016.1224897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shery Jacob
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, UAE and
| | - Anroop B. Nair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, KSA
| | - Bandar E. Al-Dhubiab
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, KSA
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