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Surman M, Wilczak M, Bzowska M, Tylko G, Przybyło M. The Proangiogenic Effects of Melanoma-Derived Ectosomes Are Mediated by αvβ5 Integrin Rather than αvβ3 Integrin. Cells 2024; 13:1336. [PMID: 39195226 DOI: 10.3390/cells13161336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Revised: 07/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Ectosomes are carriers of proangiogenic factors during cancer progression. This study investigated whether the proangiogenic effect exerted by melanoma-derived ectosomes on recipient endothelial cells is mediated by ectosomal αvβ3 and αvβ5 integrins. Ectosomes were isolated from the conditioned culture media of four melanoma cell lines and melanocytes. Changes in gene and protein expression of αvβ3 and αvβ5 integrins, as well as VEGF and TNF-α were assessed in ectosome-treated endothelial cells. To confirm the functional involvement of ectosomal integrins in functional tests (Alamar Blue, wound healing and tube formation assays), ectosomes were also pretreated with anti-integrin antibodies and integrin-blocking peptides echistatin and cilengitide. Melanoma-derived ectosomes induced changes in the expression of αvβ3 and αvβ5 integrins in recipient endothelial cells, leading to increased viability, migratory properties, and tube formation potential. The extent of proangiogenic stimulation varied depending on the types of cells releasing ectosomes and the recipient cells. The use of anti-integrin antibodies and integrin-blocking peptides revealed a more significant role for the αvβ5 integrin/VEGF than the αvβ3 integrin/TNF-α pathway in the interactions between ectosomes and endothelial cells. The study demonstrated the functional role of ectosomal αvβ3 and αvβ5 integrins. It also provided a baseline understanding of ectosome-mediated αvβ3 integrin/TNF-α and αvβ5 integrin/VEGF signaling in angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Surman
- Department of Glycoconjugate Biochemistry, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Wilczak
- Department of Glycoconjugate Biochemistry, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Bzowska
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Tylko
- Department of Cell Biology and Imaging, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Przybyło
- Department of Glycoconjugate Biochemistry, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
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Boddu VK, Zamzow P, Kramer MW, Merseburger AS, Gorantla SP, Klinger M, Cramer L, Sauer T, Gemoll T, von Bubnoff N, Gieseler F, Darabi M. Targeting cancer-derived extracellular vesicles by combining CD147 inhibition with tissue factor pathway inhibitor for the management of urothelial cancer cells. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:129. [PMID: 38360687 PMCID: PMC10870545 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01508-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including microvesicles, hold promise for the management of bladder urothelial carcinoma (BLCA), particularly because of their utility in identifying therapeutic targets and their diagnostic potential using easily accessible urine samples. Among the transmembrane glycoproteins highly enriched in cancer-derived EVs, tissue factor (TF) and CD147 have been implicated in promoting tumor progression. In this in vitro study, we explored a novel approach to impede cancer cell migration and metastasis by simultaneously targeting these molecules on urothelial cancer-derived EVs. METHODS Cell culture supernatants from invasive and non-invasive bladder cancer cell lines and urine samples from patients with BLCA were collected. Large, microvesicle-like EVs were isolated using sequential centrifugation and characterized by electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis, and flow cytometry. The impact of urinary or cell supernatant-derived EVs on cellular phenotypes was evaluated using cell-based assays following combined treatment with a specific CD147 inhibitor alone or in combination with a tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI), an endogenous anticoagulant protein that can be released by low-molecular-weight heparins. RESULTS We observed that EVs obtained from the urine samples of patients with muscle-invasive BLCA and from the aggressive bladder cancer cell line J82 exhibited higher TF activity and CD147 expression levels than did their non-invasive counterparts. The shedding of GFP-tagged CD147 into isolated vesicles demonstrated that the vesicles originated from plasma cell membranes. EVs originating from invasive cancer cells were found to trigger migration, secretion of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and invasion. The same induction of MMP activity was replicated using EVs obtained from urine samples of patients with invasive BLCA. EVs derived from cancer cell clones overexpressing TF and CD147 were produced in higher quantities and exhibited a higher invasive potential than those from control cancer cells. TFPI interfered with the effect when used in conjunction with the CD147 inhibitor, further suppressing homotypic EV-induced migration, MMP production, and invasion. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that combining a CD147 inhibitor with low molecular weight heparins to induce TFPI release may be a promising therapeutic approach for urothelial cancer management. This combination can potentially suppress the tumor-promoting actions of cancer-derived microvesicle-like EVs, including collective matrix invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar Boddu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Section for Experimental Oncology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Piet Zamzow
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Section for Experimental Oncology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | | | - Axel S Merseburger
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | | | | | - Lena Cramer
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Section for Experimental Oncology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Thorben Sauer
- Department of Surgery, Section for Translational Surgical Oncology and Biobanking, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Timo Gemoll
- Department of Surgery, Section for Translational Surgical Oncology and Biobanking, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Nikolas von Bubnoff
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
- University Cancer Center Schleswig-Holstein (UCCSH), Lübeck, Germany
| | - Frank Gieseler
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Section for Experimental Oncology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
- University Cancer Center Schleswig-Holstein (UCCSH), Lübeck, Germany
| | - Masoud Darabi
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Section for Experimental Oncology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany.
- University Cancer Center Schleswig-Holstein (UCCSH), Lübeck, Germany.
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Zhang N, Shu L, Liu Z, Shi A, Zhao L, Huang S, Sheng G, Yan Z, Song Y, Huang F, Tang Y, Zhang Z. The role of extracellular vesicles in cholangiocarcinoma tumor microenvironment. Front Pharmacol 2024; 14:1336685. [PMID: 38269274 PMCID: PMC10805838 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1336685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a highly aggressive malignant tumor that originates from the biliary system. With restricted treatment options at hand, the challenging aspect of early CCA diagnosis leads to a bleak prognosis. Besides the intrinsic characteristics of tumor cells, the generation and progression of CCA are profoundly influenced by the tumor microenvironment, which engages in intricate interactions with cholangiocarcinoma cells. Of notable significance is the role of extracellular vesicles as key carriers in enabling communication between cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of current research examining the interplay between extracellular vesicles and the tumor microenvironment in the context of CCA. Specifically, we will emphasize the significant contributions of extracellular vesicles in molding the CCA microenvironment and explore their potential applications in the diagnosis, prognosis assessment, and therapeutic strategies for this aggressive malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuoqi Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Lizhuang Shu
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zengli Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Anda Shi
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Liming Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shaohui Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Guoli Sheng
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhangdi Yan
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yan Song
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Fan Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yongchang Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zongli Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Zisis V, Anastasiadou PA, Poulopoulos A, Vahtsevanos K, Paraskevopoulos K, Andreadis D. A Preliminary Study of the Role of Endothelial-Mesenchymal Transitory Factor SOX 2 and CD147 in the Microvascularization of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cureus 2024; 16:e52265. [PMID: 38352102 PMCID: PMC10863931 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.52265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to detect the possible endothelial expression of embryonic-type cancer stem cells (CSC) marker SOX2 and the stemness-type CSC marker CD147 in oral potential malignant disorders (OPMDs), oral leukoplakia (OL) in particular, and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). METHODS This study focuses on the immunohistochemical pattern of expression of CSC protein-biomarkers SOX2 and CD147 in paraffin-embedded samples of 21 OSCCs of different grades of differentiation and 30 cases of OLs with different grades of dysplasia, compared to normal oral mucosa. RESULTS The protein biomarker SOX2 was expressed in the endothelial cells, but without establishing any statistically significant correlation among OSCC, OL, and normal tissue specimens. However, SOX endothelial staining was noticed in 7/30 (23.3%) cases of OL (one non-dysplastic, one mildly dysplastic, one moderately dysplastic, and four severely dysplastic cases) and 5/21 (23.8%) cases of OSCC (two well-differentiated, one moderately differentiated, and two poorly differentiated cases). Although CD147 is expressed in normal oral epithelium, OL, and OSCC neoplastic cells, its vascular-endothelial expression was noticed in only 2/5 (40%) cases of normal oral epithelium, 1/30 (3.3%) cases of OL (one severely dysplastic case), and 4/21 (19%) cases of OSCC (two well-differentiated, one moderately differentiated, and one poorly differentiated case). Therefore, no statistically significant correlation among OSCC, OL, and normal tissue specimens was established. CONCLUSION The endothelial presence of SOX2 both in oral potentially malignant and malignant lesions suggests that SOX2 may be implicated in the microvascularization process and associated with the degree of dysplasia in OL. The expression of CD147 may be attributed both to local inflammation and tumorigenesis. The implementation of CD147 in larger groups of tissue samples will shed some light on its role in cancer and inflammation. The evidence so far supports the need for more studies, which may support the clinical significance of these novel cancer stem cell biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasileios Zisis
- Oral Medicine and Pathology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, GRC
| | | | | | - Konstantinos Vahtsevanos
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Papanikolaou Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, GRC
| | | | - Dimitrios Andreadis
- Oral Medicine and Pathology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, GRC
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da Silva TB, Rendra E, David CAW, Bieback K, Cross MJ, Wilm B, Liptrott NJ, Murray P. Umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cell-derived extracellular vesicles lack the potency to immunomodulate human monocyte-derived macrophages in vitro. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115624. [PMID: 37783151 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been reported to display efficacy in a variety of preclinical models, but without long-term engraftment, suggesting a role for secreted factors, such as MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs). MSCs are known to elicit immunomodulatory effects, an important aspect of which is their ability to affect macrophage phenotype. However, it is not clear if these effects are mediated by MSC-derived EVs, or other factors secreted by the MSCs. Here, we use flow cytometry to assess the effects of human umbilical cord (hUC) MSC-derived EVs on the expression of pro-inflammatory (CD80) and anti-inflammatory (CD163) surface markers in human monocyte-derived macrophages (hMDMs). hUC-MSC-derived EVs did not change the surface marker expression of the hMDMs. In contrast, when hMDMs were co-incubated with hUC-MSCs in indirect co-cultures, changes were observed in the expression of CD14, CD80 and CD163, particularly in M1 macrophages, suggesting that soluble factors are necessary to elicit a shift in phenotype. However, even though EVs did not alter the surface marker expression of macrophages, they promoted angiogenesis and phagocytic capacity increased proportionally to increases in EV concentration. Taken together, these results suggest that hUC-MSC-derived EVs are not sufficient to alter macrophage phenotype and that additional MSC-derived factors are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamiris Borges da Silva
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signalling, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, L69 3GE Liverpool, UK
| | - Erika Rendra
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Mannheim Institute of Innate Immunoscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim 68167, Germany
| | - Christopher A W David
- Immunocompatibility Group, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Karen Bieback
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Mannheim Institute of Innate Immunoscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim 68167, Germany; Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Michael J Cross
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GL, UK
| | - Bettina Wilm
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signalling, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, L69 3GE Liverpool, UK
| | - Neill J Liptrott
- Immunocompatibility Group, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Patricia Murray
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signalling, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, L69 3GE Liverpool, UK.
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Gu C, Shang A, Liu G, Zhu J, Zhang W, Jin L, Sun Z, Li D. Identification of CD147-positive extracellular vesicles as novel non-invasive biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of colorectal cancer. Clin Chim Acta 2023; 548:117510. [PMID: 37562522 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2023.117510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mortality rate of colorectal cancer (CRC) can be decreased with effective screening and early diagnosis. Exosomes are released from cancer cells into the bloodstream, and circulating exosomes may serve as novel biomarkers. This study aimed to identify a sensitive and rapid method of exosome collection and measurement using specific antibodies. METHODS ExoCounter, a high-sensitive exosome-counting system, allows the identification of exosomes without enrichment or purification, based on the identification of the transmembrane protein-CD147-on serum exosomes that are associated with CRC. RESULTS Receiver operating characteristic curves between healthy donors and CRC patients were described and assessed by CD147-specific exosomes (exo-CD147), CEA, and CA19-9. And area under curves for exo-CD147, CEA, and CA19-9 were 0.827 (95%CI: 0.764-0.891), 0.630 (95%CI: 0.536-0.724), and 0.659 (95%CI: 0.559-0.759), respectively. Drawing a clinical decision curve of exo-CD147 for the diagnosis of CRC metastases showed that when the threshold probability of exo-CD147 was between 20% and 92%, the net clinical utilization rate was higher than for all patients with or without metastases. A nomogram was constructed using multivariate COX regression analysis to select significant variables such as the high CD147 group (>34 × 105 particles). Calibration curves for 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates of CRC patients showed that the actual 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates were in excellent agreement with the survival rates predicted by the nomogram. CONCLUSIONS The increased CD147 expression in exosomes could serve as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenzheng Gu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200065, PR China
| | - Anquan Shang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second People's Hospital of Lianyungang & The Oncology Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, 222006, China
| | - Gege Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200065, PR China
| | - Jichao Zhu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, 313099, PR China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jiaozuo Fifth People's Hospital, Jiaozuo, 454000, PR China
| | - Limin Jin
- Laboratory Department, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiaxing, 314001, PR China.
| | - Zujun Sun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200065, PR China.
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200065, PR China.
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Peng J, Yin X, Yun W, Meng X, Huang Z. Radiotherapy-induced tumor physical microenvironment remodeling to overcome immunotherapy resistance. Cancer Lett 2023; 559:216108. [PMID: 36863506 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
The clinical benefits of immunotherapy are proven in many cancers, but a significant number of patients do not respond well to immunotherapy. The tumor physical microenvironment (TpME) has recently been shown to affect the growth, metastasis and treatment of solid tumors. The tumor microenvironment (TME) has unique physical hallmarks: 1) unique tissue microarchitecture, 2) increased stiffness, 3) elevated solid stress, and 4) elevated interstitial fluid pressure (IFP), which contribute to tumor progression and immunotherapy resistance in a variety of ways. Radiotherapy, a traditional and powerful treatment, can remodel the matrix and blood flow associated with the tumor to improve the response rate of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) to a certain extent. Herein, we first review the recent research advances on the physical properties of the TME and then explain how TpME is involved in immunotherapy resistance. Finally, we discuss how radiotherapy can remodel TpME to overcome immunotherapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Peng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoyan Yin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, Shandong, China
| | - Wenhua Yun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, Shandong, China
| | - Xiangjiao Meng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, Shandong, China.
| | - Zhaoqin Huang
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.
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Han N, Zhang L, Guo M, Yu L. Knockdown of Krüppel-Like Factor 9 Inhibits Aberrant Retinal Angiogenesis and Mitigates Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy. Mol Biotechnol 2023; 65:612-623. [PMID: 36109428 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-022-00559-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Advanced proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) characterized by aberrant retinal angiogenesis is a leading cause of retinal detachment and blindness. Krüppel-like factor 9 (KLF9), a member of the zinc-finger family of transcription factors, participates in the development of diabetic nephropathy and the promotion of angiogenesis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Therefore, we speculate that KLF9 may exert a crucial role in PDR. The current study revealed that KLF9 was highly expressed in the high glucose (HG)-treated human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMECs) and the retinas of oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) rats. Knockdown of KLF9 inhibited the proliferation, migratory capability, invasiveness and tube formation of HG-treated HRMECs. Besides, knockdown of KLF9 decreased the expression of yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) in HG-treated HRMECs. Dual-luciferase reporter assays confirmed that KLF9 transcriptionally upregulated YAP1 expression. Overexpression of YAP1 reversed the KLF9 silencing-induced repression of HRMEC proliferation and tube formation. Further in vivo evidence demonstrated that knockdown of KLF9 reduced the expression of Ki67, CD31 and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) in the retinas of OIR rats. Collectively, KLF9 silencing might mitigate the progression of PDR by inhibiting angiogenesis via blocking YAP1 transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Han
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Nanguan District, No.218, Ziqiang Street, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Lihong Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Songyuan Derun Tongxin Hospital, Songyuan, Jilin, China
| | - Mi Guo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Baotou Eye Hospital, Baotou, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Li Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Nanguan District, No.218, Ziqiang Street, Changchun, Jilin, China.
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Kugeratski FG, Santi A, Zanivan S. Extracellular vesicles as central regulators of blood vessel function in cancer. Sci Signal 2022; 15:eaaz4742. [PMID: 36166511 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aaz4742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Blood vessels deliver oxygen and nutrients that sustain tumor growth and enable the dissemination of cancer cells to distant sites and the recruitment of intratumoral immune cells. In addition, the structural and functional abnormalities of the tumor vasculature foster the development of an aggressive tumor microenvironment and impair the efficacy of existing cancer therapies. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as major players of tumor progression, and a growing body of evidence has demonstrated that EVs derived from cancer cells trigger multiple responses in endothelial cells that alter blood vessel function in tumors. EV-mediated signaling in endothelial cells can occur through the transfer of functional cargos such as miRNAs, lncRNAs, cirRNAs, and proteins. Moreover, membrane-bound proteins in EVs can elicit receptor-mediated signaling in endothelial cells. Together, these mechanisms reprogram endothelial cells and contribute to the sustained exacerbated angiogenic signaling typical of tumors, which, in turn, influences cancer progression. Targeting these angiogenesis-promoting EV-dependent mechanisms may offer additional strategies to normalize tumor vasculature. Here, we discuss the current knowledge pertaining to the contribution of cancer cell-derived EVs in mechanisms regulating blood vessel functions in tumors. Moreover, we discuss the translational opportunities in targeting the dysfunctional tumor vasculature using EVs and highlight the open questions in the field of EV biology that can be addressed using mass spectrometry-based proteomics analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda G Kugeratski
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Alice Santi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Firenze, 50134 Firenze, Italy
| | - Sara Zanivan
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
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Hu S, Liu Y, Guan S, Qiu Z, Liu D. Natural products exert anti-tumor effects by regulating exosomal ncRNA. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1006114. [PMID: 36203417 PMCID: PMC9530706 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1006114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, more than 60% of the approved anti-cancer drugs come from or are related to natural products. Natural products and exosomal non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) exert anti-cancer effects through various regulatory mechanisms, which are of great research significance. Exosomes are a form of intercellular communication and contain ncRNAs that can act as intercellular signaling molecules involved in the metabolism of tumor cells. This review exemplifies some examples of natural products whose active ingredients can play a role in cancer prevention and treatment by regulating exosomal ncRNAs, with the aim of illustrating the mechanism of action of exosomal ncRNAs in cancer prevention and treatment. Meanwhile, the application of exosomes as natural drug delivery systems and predictive disease biomarkers in cancer prevention and treatment is introduced, providing research ideas for the development of novel anti-tumor drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Da Liu
- *Correspondence: Zhidong Qiu, ; Da Liu,
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Fahs A, Hussein N, Zalzali H, Ramadan F, Ghamloush F, Tamim H, El Homsi M, Badran B, Boulos F, Tawil A, Ghayad SE, Saab R. CD147 Promotes Tumorigenesis via Exosome-Mediated Signaling in Rhabdomyosarcoma. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152267. [PMID: 35892564 PMCID: PMC9331498 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is an aggressive childhood soft-tissue tumor, with propensity for local invasion and distant metastasis. Exosomes are secreted vesicles that mediate paracrine signaling by delivering functional proteins and miRNA to recipient cells. The transmembrane protein CD147, also known as Basigin or EMMPRIN, is enriched in various tumor cells, as well as in tumor-derived exosomes, and has been correlated with poor prognosis in several types of cancer, but has not been previously investigated in RMS. We investigated the effects of CD147 on RMS cell biology and paracrine signaling, specifically its contribution to invasion and metastatic phenotype. CD147 downregulation diminishes RMS cell invasion and inhibits anchorage-independent growth in vitro. While treatment of normal fibroblasts with RMS-derived exosomes results in a significant increase in proliferation, migration, and invasion, these effects are reversed when using exosomes from CD147-downregulated RMS cells. In human RMS tissue, CD147 was expressed exclusively in metastatic tumors. Altogether, our results demonstrate that CD147 contributes to RMS tumor cell aggressiveness, and is involved in modulating the microenvironment through RMS-secreted exosomes. Targeted inhibition of CD147 reduces its expression levels within the isolated exosomes and reduces the capacity of these exosomes to enhance cellular invasive properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assil Fahs
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science II, Lebanese University, Fanar P.O. Box 90656, Lebanon; (A.F.); (F.R.)
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science I, Lebanese University, Hadat 1003, Lebanon; (N.H.); (M.E.H.); (B.B.)
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
| | - Nader Hussein
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science I, Lebanese University, Hadat 1003, Lebanon; (N.H.); (M.E.H.); (B.B.)
| | - Hasan Zalzali
- Department of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon; (H.Z.); (F.G.)
| | - Farah Ramadan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science II, Lebanese University, Fanar P.O. Box 90656, Lebanon; (A.F.); (F.R.)
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science I, Lebanese University, Hadat 1003, Lebanon; (N.H.); (M.E.H.); (B.B.)
| | - Farah Ghamloush
- Department of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon; (H.Z.); (F.G.)
| | - Hani Tamim
- Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon;
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud El Homsi
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science I, Lebanese University, Hadat 1003, Lebanon; (N.H.); (M.E.H.); (B.B.)
| | - Bassam Badran
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science I, Lebanese University, Hadat 1003, Lebanon; (N.H.); (M.E.H.); (B.B.)
| | - Fouad Boulos
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon; (F.B.); (A.T.)
| | - Ayman Tawil
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon; (F.B.); (A.T.)
| | - Sandra E. Ghayad
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science II, Lebanese University, Fanar P.O. Box 90656, Lebanon; (A.F.); (F.R.)
- C2VN, INSERM 1263, INRAE 1260, Aix-Marseille University, CEDEX 5, 13385 Marseille, France
- Correspondence: (S.E.G.); (R.S.); Tel.: +33-491835601 (S.E.G.); +961-1-350000 (ext. 4780) (R.S.); Fax: +33-491835602 (S.E.G.); +961-1-377384 (R.S.)
| | - Raya Saab
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
- Department of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon; (H.Z.); (F.G.)
- Correspondence: (S.E.G.); (R.S.); Tel.: +33-491835601 (S.E.G.); +961-1-350000 (ext. 4780) (R.S.); Fax: +33-491835602 (S.E.G.); +961-1-377384 (R.S.)
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12
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Cammarata G, Barraco N, Giusti I, Gristina V, Dolo V, Taverna S. Extracellular Vesicles-ceRNAs as Ovarian Cancer Biomarkers: Looking into circRNA-miRNA-mRNA Code. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14143404. [PMID: 35884464 PMCID: PMC9324482 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14143404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Patients with ovarian cancer have a very poor chance of long-term survival, usually due to advanced disease at the time of diagnosis. Emerging evidence suggests that extracellular vesicles contain noncoding RNAs such as microRNAs, piwiRNAs, circular RNAs, and long noncoding RNAs, with regulatory effects on ovarian cancer. In this review, we focus on ovarian cancer-associated circular RNA shuttled by extracellular vesicles as mediators of cancer progression and novel biomarkers in liquid biopsy. We propose a circular-RNA–microRNA-mRNA code that can reveal the regulatory network created by extracellular vesicles, noncoding RNAs, and mRNAs in ovarian cancer. Future research in this field will help to identify novel diagnostic biomarkers and druggable therapeutic targets, which will ultimately benefit patients. Abstract Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the most lethal gynecologic malignancies in females worldwide. OC is frequently diagnosed at an advanced stage due to a lack of specific symptoms and effective screening tests, resulting in a poor prognosis for patients. Age, genetic alterations, and family history are the major risk factors for OC pathogenesis. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying OC progression, identifying new biomarkers for early detection, and discovering potential targets for new drugs are urgent needs. Liquid biopsy (LB), used for cancer detection and management, consists of a minimally invasive approach and practical alternative source to investigate tumor alterations by testing extracellular vesicles (EVs), circulating tumor cells, tumor-educated platelets, and cell-free nucleic acids. EVs are nanosize vesicles shuttling proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, such as DNA, RNA, and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), that can induce phenotypic reprogramming of target cells. EVs are natural intercellular shuttles for ncRNAs, such as microRNAs (miRNAs) and circular-RNAs (circRNAs), known to have regulatory effects in OC. Here we focus on the involvement of circRNAs and miRNAs in OC cancer progression. The circRNA-microRNA-mRNA axis has been investigated with Circbank and miRwalk analysis, unraveling the intricate and detailed regulatory network created by EVs, ncRNAs, and mRNAs in OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Cammarata
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.C.); (S.T.)
| | - Nadia Barraco
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (N.B.); (V.G.)
| | - Ilaria Giusti
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (I.G.); (V.D.)
| | - Valerio Gristina
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (N.B.); (V.G.)
| | - Vincenza Dolo
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (I.G.); (V.D.)
| | - Simona Taverna
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.C.); (S.T.)
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13
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Shan Y, Zhou P, Zhou Q, Yang L. Extracellular Vesicles in the Progression and Therapeutic Resistance of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:2289. [PMID: 35565418 PMCID: PMC9101631 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an epithelial malignancy largely associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, which is frequently reported in east and southeast Asia. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) originate from the endosome or plasma membrane, which plays a critical role in tumor pathogenesis for their character of cell-cell communication and its cargos, including proteins, RNA, and other molecules that can target recipient cells and affect their progression. To date, numerous studies have indicated that EVs have crucial significance in the progression, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance of NPC. In this review, we not only summarize the interaction of NPC cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME) through EVs, but also explain the role of EVs in radiation and drug resistance of NPC, which poses a severe threat to cancer therapy. Therefore, EVs may show great potential as biomarkers in the early diagnosis of interfered targets of NPC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhan Shan
- Department of Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; (Y.S.); (P.Z.); (Q.Z.)
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Peijun Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; (Y.S.); (P.Z.); (Q.Z.)
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Qin Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; (Y.S.); (P.Z.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Lifang Yang
- Department of Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; (Y.S.); (P.Z.); (Q.Z.)
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
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14
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Fridman ES, Ginini L, Gil Z. The Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Metabolic Reprogramming of the Tumor Microenvironment. Cells 2022; 11:cells11091433. [PMID: 35563739 PMCID: PMC9104192 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) includes a network of cancerous and non-cancerous cells, together with associated blood vessels, the extracellular matrix, and signaling molecules. The TME contributes to cancer progression during various phases of tumorigenesis, and interactions that take place within the TME have become targets of focus in cancer therapy development. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are known to be conveyors of genetic material, proteins, and lipids within the TME. One of the hallmarks of cancer is its ability to reprogram metabolism to sustain cell growth and proliferation in a stringent environment. In this review, we provide an overview of TME EV involvement in the metabolic reprogramming of cancer and stromal cells, which favors cancer progression by enhancing angiogenesis, proliferation, metastasis, treatment resistance, and immunoevasion. Targeting the communication mechanisms and systems utilized by TME-EVs is opening a new frontier in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eran S. Fridman
- Rappaport Family Institute for Research in the Medical Sciences, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel; (E.S.F.); (L.G.)
| | - Lana Ginini
- Rappaport Family Institute for Research in the Medical Sciences, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel; (E.S.F.); (L.G.)
| | - Ziv Gil
- Head and Neck Institute, The Holy Family Hospital Nazareth, Nazareth 1641100, Israel
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +972-4-854-2480
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15
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Extracellular vesicles in ovarian cancer chemoresistance, metastasis, and immune evasion. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:64. [PMID: 35042862 PMCID: PMC8766448 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04510-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chemoresistance and metastasis are the major challenges for the current ovarian cancer treatment. Understanding the mechanisms of ovarian cancer progression and metastasis is critically important for developing novel therapies. The advances in extracellular vesicles (EVs) research in recent years have attracted extensive attention. EVs contain a variety of proteins, RNAs, DNAs, and metabolites. Accumulating evidence indicates that ovarian cancer cells secrete a large amount of EVs, playing an important role in tumor progression and recurrence. In the microenvironment of ovarian tumor, EVs participate in the information transmission between stromal cells and immune cells, promoting the immune escape of ovarian cancer cells and facilitating cancer metastasis. Here, we review the recent advances of EVs in chemoresistance, mechanisms of metastasis, and immune evasion of ovarian cancer. Furthermore, we also discuss the challenges of EV research and future application of EVs as promising biomarker sources in response to therapy and in therapy-delivery approaches for ovarian cancer patients.
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16
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Onishi T, Mihara K, Matsuda S, Sakamoto S, Kuwahata A, Sekino M, Kusakabe M, Handa H, Kitagawa Y. Application of Magnetic Nanoparticles for Rapid Detection and In Situ Diagnosis in Clinical Oncology. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14020364. [PMID: 35053527 PMCID: PMC8774179 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14020364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Screening, monitoring, and diagnosis are critical in oncology treatment. However, there are limitations with the current clinical methods, notably the time, cost, and special facilities required for radioisotope-based methods. An alternative approach, which uses magnetic beads, offers faster analyses with safer materials over a wide range of oncological applications. Magnetic beads have been used to detect extracellular vesicles (EVs) in the serum of pancreatic cancer patients with statistically different EV levels in preoperative, postoperative, and negative control samples. By incorporating fluorescence, magnetic beads have been used to quantitatively measure prostate-specific antigen (PSA), a prostate cancer biomarker, which is sensitive enough even at levels found in healthy patients. Immunostaining has also been incorporated with magnetic beads and compared with conventional immunohistochemical methods to detect lesions; the results suggest that immunostained magnetic beads could be used for pathological diagnosis during surgery. Furthermore, magnetic nanoparticles, such as superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs), can detect sentinel lymph nodes in breast cancer in a clinical setting, as well as those in gallbladder cancer in animal models, in a surgery-applicable timeframe. Ultimately, recent research into the applications of magnetic beads in oncology suggests that the screening, monitoring, and diagnosis of cancers could be improved and made more accessible through the adoption of this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Onishi
- Department of Breast Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, 6-5-1, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa 277-8577, Chiba, Japan;
| | - Kisyo Mihara
- Department of Surgery, Kawasaki Municipal Kawasaki Hospital, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-0013, Kanagawa, Japan;
| | - Sachiko Matsuda
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-3353-1211
| | - Satoshi Sakamoto
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Kanagawa, Japan;
| | - Akihiro Kuwahata
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-05 Aoba, Aramaki-aza, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Miyagi, Japan;
| | - Masaki Sekino
- Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan;
| | - Moriaki Kusakabe
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Research Center for Food Safety, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan;
- Matrix Cell Research Institute Inc., 1-35-3 Kamikashiwada, Ushiku 300-1232, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Handa
- Department of Nanoparticle Translational Research, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan;
| | - Yuko Kitagawa
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan;
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17
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Forder A, Hsing CY, Trejo Vazquez J, Garnis C. Emerging Role of Extracellular Vesicles and Cellular Communication in Metastasis. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123429. [PMID: 34943937 PMCID: PMC8700460 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Communication between cancer cells and the surrounding stromal cells of the tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a key role in promoting metastasis, which is the major cause of cancer death. Small membrane-bound particles called extracellular vesicles (EVs) are released from both cancer and stromal cells and have a key role in mediating this communication through transport of cargo such as various RNA species (mRNA, miRNA, lncRNA), proteins, and lipids. Tumor-secreted EVs have been observed to induce a pro-tumorigenic phenotype in non-malignant cells of the stroma, including fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and local immune cells. These cancer-associated cells then drive metastasis by mechanisms such as increasing the invasiveness of cancer cells, facilitating angiogenesis, and promoting the formation of the pre-metastatic niche. This review will cover the role of EV-mediated signaling in the TME during metastasis and highlight the therapeutic potential of targeting these pathways to develop biomarkers and novel treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisling Forder
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Cancer Research Center, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada; (A.F.); (C.-Y.H.); (J.T.V.)
| | - Chi-Yun Hsing
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Cancer Research Center, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada; (A.F.); (C.-Y.H.); (J.T.V.)
| | - Jessica Trejo Vazquez
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Cancer Research Center, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada; (A.F.); (C.-Y.H.); (J.T.V.)
| | - Cathie Garnis
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Cancer Research Center, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada; (A.F.); (C.-Y.H.); (J.T.V.)
- Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada
- Correspondence:
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18
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Zhu S, Li S, Yi M, Li N, Wu K. Roles of Microvesicles in Tumor Progression and Clinical Applications. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:7071-7090. [PMID: 34703228 PMCID: PMC8536885 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s325448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Microvesicles are extracellular vesicles with diameter ranging from 100 to 1000 nm that are secreted by tumor cells or other cells in the tumor microenvironment. A growing number of studies demonstrate that tumor-derived microvesicles are involved in tumor initiation and progression, as well as drug resistance. In addition, tumor-derived microvesicles carry a variety of immunogenic molecules and inhibit tumor response to immunotherapy; therefore, they can be exploited for use in tumor vaccines. Moreover, because of their high stability, tumor-derived microvesicles extracted from body fluids can be used as biomarkers for cancer diagnosis or assessment of prognosis. Tumor-derived microvesicles can also be deployed to reverse drug resistance of tumor regenerative cells, or to deliver chemotherapeutic drugs and oncolytic adenovirus for the treatment of cancer patients. This review summarizes the general characteristics of tumor-derived microvesicles, focusing on their biological characteristics, their involvement in tumor progression, and their clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangli Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiyu Li
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Yi
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450008, People's Republic of China
| | - Kongming Wu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.,Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450008, People's Republic of China
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19
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Pascual-Antón L, Cardeñes B, Sainz de la Cuesta R, González-Cortijo L, López-Cabrera M, Cabañas C, Sandoval P. Mesothelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition and Exosomes in Peritoneal Metastasis of Ovarian Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111496. [PMID: 34768926 PMCID: PMC8584135 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Most patients with ovarian cancer (OvCA) present peritoneal disseminated disease at the time of diagnosis. During peritoneal metastasis, cancer cells detach from the primary tumor and disseminate through the intraperitoneal fluid. The peritoneal mesothelial cell (PMC) monolayer that lines the abdominal cavity is the first barrier encountered by OvCA cells. Subsequent progression of tumors through the peritoneum leads to the accumulation into the peritoneal stroma of a sizeable population of carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), which is mainly originated from a mesothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (MMT) process. A common characteristic of OvCA patients is the intraperitoneal accumulation of ascitic fluid, which is composed of cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, miRNAs, and proteins contained in exosomes, as well as tumor and mesothelial suspended cells, among other components that vary in proportion between patients. Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles that have been shown to mediate peritoneal metastasis by educating a pre-metastatic niche, promoting the accumulation of CAFs via MMT, and inducing tumor growth and chemoresistance. This review summarizes and discusses the pivotal role of exosomes and MMT as mediators of OvCA peritoneal colonization and as emerging diagnostic and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Pascual-Antón
- Tissue and Organ Homeostasis Program, Cell-Cell Communication and Inflammation Unit, Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa” (UAM-CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (L.P.-A.); (B.C.); (M.L.-C.)
| | - Beatriz Cardeñes
- Tissue and Organ Homeostasis Program, Cell-Cell Communication and Inflammation Unit, Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa” (UAM-CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (L.P.-A.); (B.C.); (M.L.-C.)
| | | | | | - Manuel López-Cabrera
- Tissue and Organ Homeostasis Program, Cell-Cell Communication and Inflammation Unit, Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa” (UAM-CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (L.P.-A.); (B.C.); (M.L.-C.)
| | - Carlos Cabañas
- Tissue and Organ Homeostasis Program, Cell-Cell Communication and Inflammation Unit, Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa” (UAM-CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (L.P.-A.); (B.C.); (M.L.-C.)
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Lymphocyte Immunobiology Group, Inflammatory and Immune Disorders Area, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (C.C.); (P.S.); Tel.: +34-91-196-4513 (C.C.); +34-91-196-4707 (P.S.)
| | - Pilar Sandoval
- Tissue and Organ Homeostasis Program, Cell-Cell Communication and Inflammation Unit, Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa” (UAM-CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (L.P.-A.); (B.C.); (M.L.-C.)
- Correspondence: (C.C.); (P.S.); Tel.: +34-91-196-4513 (C.C.); +34-91-196-4707 (P.S.)
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20
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Abstract
The transmission of information between tumor cells and other cell types in the tumor microenvironment plays an important role in tumor metastasis and is critically modulated by exosomes and other mediators. Tumor-derived exosomes can promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis, immune escape, formation of the pre-metastatic microenvironment, and transmission of drug-resistant molecules, thereby promoting tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis. Integrins are important regulatory molecules on exosomes that can locate metastatic cells at the initial stage of metastasis and show good organotropism. This fact suggests that a clear understanding of the roles of exosomal integrins will be beneficial for future clinical applications. Follow-up studies on exosomes using continuously updated purification techniques and identification methods are extremely important. In addition to their potential as cancer biomarkers, exosomes also provide new research directions for precision medicine. Currently, exosomes have potential value in disease treatment and provide clinicians with more meaningful judgment standards.
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21
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Solute carriers as potential oncodrivers or suppressors: their key functions in malignant tumor formation. Drug Discov Today 2021; 26:1689-1701. [PMID: 33737072 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Solute carrier (SLC) transporters are primarily known for their function in the transportation of various exogenous/endogenous substances via influx/efflux mechanisms. In addition to their diverse role in several tumor-modulating functions, such as proliferation, migration, angiogenesis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), epigenetic modification, chemoresistance, immunoregulation, and oncometabolism, influx/efflux-independent contributions of SLCs in the activation of various signaling network cascades that might drive metastatic tumor formation have also been uncovered. Disappointingly, even after two decades and the discovery of >450 SLCs, many of their members remain orphans in terms of cancer pathogenesis. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the tumor-modulating functions, mechanisms, and complexity of SLCs, as well as their potential as targets for cancer therapy.
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22
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Schweiger MW, Tannous BA. Small but Fierce: Tracking the Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Glioblastoma Progression and Therapeutic Resistance. ADVANCED BIOSYSTEMS 2020; 4:e2000035. [PMID: 32881418 PMCID: PMC7968117 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202000035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common and aggressive brain tumor in adults. Most patients die within a year and long-term survival remains rare, owing to a combination of rapid progression/degeneration, lack of successful treatments, and high recurrence rates. Extracellular vesicles are cell-derived membranous structures involved in numerous physiological and pathological processes. In the context of cancer, these biological nanoparticles play an important role in intercellular communication, allowing cancer cells to exchange information with each other, the tumor microenvironment as well as distant cells. Here, light is shed on the role of extracellular vesicles in glioblastoma heterogeneity, tumor microenvironment interactions, and therapeutic resistance, and an overview on means to track their release, uptake, and cargo delivery is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus W Schweiger
- Experimental Therapeutics and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Neuro-Oncology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
- Neuroscience Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Brain Tumor Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, HV 1081, The Netherlands
| | - Bakhos A Tannous
- Experimental Therapeutics and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Neuro-Oncology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
- Neuroscience Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
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Niazi V, Parseh B, Ahani M, Karami F, Gilanchi S, Atarodi K, Soufi M, Soleimani M, Ghafouri-Fard S, Taheri M, Zali H. Communication between stromal and hematopoietic stem cell by exosomes in normal and malignant bone marrow niche. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 132:110854. [PMID: 33059261 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been regarded as important tools for cell-cell communication. They act as carriers for the transfer of various molecules such as genes, proteins and miRNA. EVs shift and transfer their ingredients to target cells in an active form. These particles have prominent roles in modulation of bone marrow (BM) niche; therefore they can regulate proliferation, differentiation, and other properties of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs). This review discusses the different roles of EVs on BM niche; HPCs fate regulation and downstream effects of them on HSCs. Moreover, cellular and molecular mechanisms of BM microenvironment cross-talking are explained in healthy and malignant settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Niazi
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 19857-17443, Iran
| | - Benyamin Parseh
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 14177-55469, Iran
| | - Milad Ahani
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 19857-17443, Iran
| | - Farshid Karami
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 19857-17443, Iran
| | - Samira Gilanchi
- Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 19716-53313, Iran
| | - Kamran Atarodi
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, 14665-1157, Iran
| | - Mina Soufi
- Department of Hematology and Cell Therapy, Faculty of Medical Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, 14117-13116, Iran
| | - Masoud Soleimani
- Department of Hematology and Cell Therapy, Faculty of Medical Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, 14117-13116, Iran
| | - Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Urogenital Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hakimeh Zali
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 19857-17443, Iran; Proteomics Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 19716-53313, Iran.
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Cavallari C, Camussi G, Brizzi MF. Extracellular Vesicles in the Tumour Microenvironment: Eclectic Supervisors. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6768. [PMID: 32942702 PMCID: PMC7555174 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumour microenvironment (TME) plays a crucial role in the regulation of cell survival and growth by providing inhibitory or stimulatory signals. Extracellular vesicles (EV) represent one of the most relevant cell-to-cell communication mechanism among cells within the TME. Moreover, EV contribute to the crosstalk among cancerous, immune, endothelial, and stromal cells to establish TME diversity. EV contain proteins, mRNAs and miRNAs, which can be locally delivered in the TME and/or transferred to remote sites to dictate tumour behaviour. EV in the TME impact on cancer cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis, immune-escape, pre-metastatic niche formation and the stimulation of angiogenesis. Moreover, EV can boost or inhibit tumours depending on the TME conditions and their cell of origin. Therefore, to move towards the identification of new targets and the development of a novel generation of EV-based targeting approaches to gain insight into EV mechanism of action in the TME would be of particular relevance. The aim here is to provide an overview of the current knowledge of EV released from different TME cellular components and their role in driving TME diversity. Moreover, recent proposed engineering approaches to targeting cells in the TME via EV are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giovanni Camussi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy;
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O-Glycan-Altered Extracellular Vesicles: A Specific Serum Marker Elevated in Pancreatic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092469. [PMID: 32878320 PMCID: PMC7563872 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Pancreatic cancer (PC) is among the most lethal malignancies due to an often delayed and difficult initial diagnosis. Therefore, the development of a novel, early stage, diagnostic PC marker in liquid biopsies is of great significance. In this study, we analyzed the differential glycomic profiling of extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from serum using lectin microarray. The glyco-candidates of PC-specific EVs were quantified using a high-sensitive exosome-counting system, ExoCounter. An absolute quantification system for altered glycan-containing EVs elevated in PC serum was established. EVs recognized by O-glycan-binding lectins ABA or ACA were identified as candidate markers by lectin microarray. Quantitative analyses using ExoCounter revealed that the ABA- or ACA-positive EVs were significantly increased in the serum of PC patients. These specific EVs with O-glycans can act as potential biomarkers in a liquid biopsy for PC patients screening. Abstract Pancreatic cancer (PC) is among the most lethal malignancies due to an often delayed and difficult initial diagnosis. Therefore, the development of a novel, early stage, diagnostic PC marker in liquid biopsies is of great significance. In this study, we analyzed the differential glycomic profiling of extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from serum (two cohorts including 117 PC patients and 98 normal controls) using lectin microarray. The glyco-candidates of PC-specific EVs were quantified using a high-sensitive exosome-counting system, ExoCounter. An absolute quantification system for altered glycan-containing EVs elevated in PC serum was established. EVs recognized by O-glycan-binding lectins ABA or ACA were identified as candidate markers by lectin microarray. Quantitative analyses using ExoCounter revealed that the ABA- or ACA-positive EVs were significantly increased in the culture of PC cell lines or in the serum of PC patients including carbohydrate antigen 19-9 negative patients with high area under curve values. The elevated numbers of EVs in PC serum returned to normal levels after pancreatectomy. Histological examination confirmed that the tumors stained with ABA/ACA. These specific EVs with O-glycans recognized by ABA/ACA are elevated in PC sera and can act as potential biomarkers in a liquid biopsy for PC patients screening.
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Olejarz W, Kubiak-Tomaszewska G, Chrzanowska A, Lorenc T. Exosomes in Angiogenesis and Anti-angiogenic Therapy in Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165840. [PMID: 32823989 PMCID: PMC7461570 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is the process through which new blood vessels are formed from pre-existing ones. Exosomes are involved in angiogenesis in cancer progression by transporting numerous pro-angiogenic biomolecules like vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and microRNAs. Exosomes promote angiogenesis by suppressing expression of factor-inhibiting hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1). Uptake of tumor-derived exosomes (TEX) by normal endothelial cells activates angiogenic signaling pathways in endothelial cells and stimulates new vessel formation. TEX-driven cross-talk of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with immune cells blocks their anti-tumor activity. Effective inhibition of tumor angiogenesis may arrest tumor progression. Bevacizumab, a VEGF-specific antibody, was the first antiangiogenic agent to enter the clinic. The most important clinical problem associated with cancer therapy using VEGF- or VEFGR-targeting agents is drug resistance. Combined strategies based on angiogenesis inhibitors and immunotherapy effectively enhances therapies in various cancers, but effective treatment requires further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wioletta Olejarz
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (W.O.); (G.K.-T.)
- Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grażyna Kubiak-Tomaszewska
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (W.O.); (G.K.-T.)
- Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Alicja Chrzanowska
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Lorenc
- 1st Department of Clinical Radiology, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Chałubińskiego 5, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-22-502-1073
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Zheng X, Li X, Wang X. Extracellular vesicle-based liquid biopsy holds great promise for the management of ovarian cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1874:188395. [PMID: 32698041 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a highly lethal gynecological disease because most patients are diagnosed in advanced stages due to a lack of appropriate markers or methods for early detection. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small biological vesicles released by all types of cells and are widely distributed in biofluids. These vesicles and their bioactive contents are involved in various aspects of tumorigenesis and development, and some of them could be detected in biofluids from liquid biopsy and used as markers for cancer management. Liquid biopsy is a recently developed method for disease diagnosis and real-time monitoring by detecting biomolecules in biofluids such as plasma. The operation is minimally invasive and relatively convenient, especially for patients with cancer. In this review, we describe the use of EV-based liquid biopsy in ovarian cancer and summarize recent advances in technologies for EV isolation and detection, as well as biomarkers identified from ovarian cancer-derived EVs, with a focus on their potential roles in diagnosis and progression monitoring. Although the advantages of liquid biopsy make this approach promising, some technological challenges remain, and qualified biomarkers for clinical use are still being explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocui Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoduan Li
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xipeng Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai, China.
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Cheng YQ, Wang SB, Liu JH, Jin L, Liu Y, Li CY, Su YR, Liu YR, Sang X, Wan Q, Liu C, Yang L, Wang ZC. Modifying the tumour microenvironment and reverting tumour cells: New strategies for treating malignant tumours. Cell Prolif 2020; 53:e12865. [PMID: 32588948 PMCID: PMC7445401 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumour microenvironment (TME) plays a pivotal role in tumour fate determination. The TME acts together with the genetic material of tumour cells to determine their initiation, metastasis and drug resistance. Stromal cells in the TME promote the growth and metastasis of tumour cells by secreting soluble molecules or exosomes. The abnormal microenvironment reduces immune surveillance and tumour killing. The TME causes low anti‐tumour drug penetration and reactivity and high drug resistance. Tumour angiogenesis and microenvironmental hypoxia limit the drug concentration within the TME and enhance the stemness of tumour cells. Therefore, modifying the TME to effectively attack tumour cells could represent a comprehensive and effective anti‐tumour strategy. Normal cells, such as stem cells and immune cells, can penetrate and disrupt the abnormal TME. Reconstruction of the TME with healthy cells is an exciting new direction for tumour treatment. We will elaborate on the mechanism of the TME to support tumours and the current cell therapies for targeting tumours and the TME—such as immune cell therapies, haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation therapies, mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transfer and embryonic stem cell‐based microenvironment therapies—to provide novel ideas for producing breakthroughs in tumour therapy strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Qi Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shou Bi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia Hui Liu
- Affiliated Dongguan People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Lin Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chao Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ya Ru Su
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Run Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuan Sang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi Chong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Naseri M, Bozorgmehr M, Zöller M, Ranaei Pirmardan E, Madjd Z. Tumor-derived exosomes: the next generation of promising cell-free vaccines in cancer immunotherapy. Oncoimmunology 2020; 9:1779991. [PMID: 32934883 PMCID: PMC7466856 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2020.1779991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Identification of immunogenic tumor antigens that are efficiently processed and delivered by dendritic cells to prime the immune system and to induce an appropriate immune response is a research hotspot in the field of cancer vaccine development. High biosafety is an additional demand. Tumor-derived exosomes (TEXs) are nanosized lipid bilayer encapsulated vesicles that shuttle bioactive information to the tumor microenvironment facilitating tumor progression. However, accumulating evidence points toward the capacity of TEXs to efficiently stimulate immune responses against tumors provided they are appropriately administered. After briefly describing the function of exosomes in cancer biology and their communication with immune cells, we summarize in this review in vitro and preclinical studies eliciting the potency of TEXs in inducing effective anti-tumor responses and recently modified strategies further improving TEX-vaccination efficacy. We interpret the available data as TEXs becoming a lead in cancer vaccination based on tumor antigen-selective high immunogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Naseri
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmood Bozorgmehr
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Margot Zöller
- Section Pancreas Research, University Hospital of Surgery, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ehsan Ranaei Pirmardan
- Molecular Biomarkers Nano-imaging Laboratory, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zahra Madjd
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Bravo-Miana RDC, Della Vedova AB, De Paul AL, Remedi MM, Guantay ML, Gilardoni MB, Pellizas CG, Donadio AC. Thyroid tumor cells-fibroblasts crosstalk: role of extracellular vesicles. Endocr Connect 2020; 9:506-518. [PMID: 32485677 PMCID: PMC7354735 DOI: 10.1530/ec-20-0113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-stroma crosstalk leads to a tumor-promoting microenvironment. In this milieu, extracellular vesicles (EVs) are protagonists in cell-cell communication. Despite thyroid cancer being the most common endocrine malignancy, the contribution of the tumor microenvironment to thyroid cancer progression is still largely underexplored. We focused on the role of thyroid tumor cell-fibroblast interaction and EVs as mediators of tumor-stroma interplay, in the promotion of thyroid tumor aggressiveness. Thyroid tumor (TPC-1, 8505c) or non-tumor thyroid cells (NThyOri) were co-cultured with human fibroblasts (Fb). Thyroid cell migration was investigated by the wound-healing assay and actin-network staining. Cell-CD147 expression was characterized by flow cytometry. EVs, obtained by ultracentrifugation of conditioned media (CMs), were characterized by transmission electron-microscopy and CD81 and CD147 expression. Metalloproteinases (MMPs) were evaluated by zymography in CMs. A migratory phenotype was triggered in thyroid tumor cells treated with CMs from Fb or from Fb-thyroid tumor cell co-cultures. Fb-thyroid cell co-cultures induced the secretion of proMMP9 and proMMP2 and led to a significant MMP2 activation in CMs. Fb, thyroid cells and Fb-thyroid cell co-cultures released EVs, and remarkably, EVs released by Fb-thyroid tumor cell co-cultures induced the secretion of proMMP2 and the expression of MMP2 from normal Fb. A significant CD147 expression was demonstrated in Fb-thyroid tumor cell-derived EVs. These findings reveal the role of Fb and thyroid tumor cell-Fb interaction in the promotion of a microenvironment suitable for thyroid tumor progression. Moreover, they highlight, for the first time, the role of thyroid tumor cell-Fb interaction in the production of specialized EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío del Carmen Bravo-Miana
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba (X5000HUA), Argentina
| | - Ana Belén Della Vedova
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba (X5000HUA), Argentina
| | - Ana Lucía De Paul
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Centro de Microscopía Electrónica, Córdoba, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA-CONICET), Av. Enrique Barros y Enfermera Gordillo, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María Mónica Remedi
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba (X5000HUA), Argentina
| | - María Laura Guantay
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba (X5000HUA), Argentina
| | - Mónica Beatriz Gilardoni
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba (X5000HUA), Argentina
| | - Claudia Gabriela Pellizas
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba (X5000HUA), Argentina
- Correspondence should be addressed to C G Pellizas or A C Donadio: or
| | - Ana Carolina Donadio
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba (X5000HUA), Argentina
- Correspondence should be addressed to C G Pellizas or A C Donadio: or
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Surman M, Kędracka-Krok S, Hoja-Łukowicz D, Jankowska U, Drożdż A, Stępień EŁ, Przybyło M. Mass Spectrometry-Based Proteomic Characterization of Cutaneous Melanoma Ectosomes Reveals the Presence of Cancer-Related Molecules. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E2934. [PMID: 32331267 PMCID: PMC7215915 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma (CM) is an aggressive type of skin cancer for which effective biomarkers are still needed. Recently, the protein content of extracellular vesicles (ectosomes and exosomes) became increasingly investigated in terms of its functional role in CM and as a source of novel biomarkers; however, the data concerning the proteome of CM-derived ectosomes is very limited. We used the shotgun nanoLC-MS/MS approach to the profile protein content of ectosomes from primary (WM115, WM793) and metastatic (WM266-4, WM1205Lu) CM cell lines. Additionally, the effect exerted by CM ectosomes on recipient cells was assessed in terms of cell proliferation (Alamar Blue assay) and migratory properties (wound healing assay). All cell lines secreted heterogeneous populations of ectosomes enriched in the common set of proteins. A total of 1507 unique proteins were identified, with many of them involved in cancer cell proliferation, migration, escape from apoptosis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and angiogenesis. Isolated ectosomes increased proliferation and motility of recipient cells, likely due to the ectosomal transfer of different cancer-promoting molecules. Taken together, these results confirm the significant role of ectosomes in several biological processes leading to CM development and progression, and might be used as a starting point for further studies exploring their diagnostic and prognostic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Surman
- Department of Glycoconjugate Biochemistry, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland; (M.S.); (D.H.-Ł.)
| | - Sylwia Kędracka-Krok
- Department of Physical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Dorota Hoja-Łukowicz
- Department of Glycoconjugate Biochemistry, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland; (M.S.); (D.H.-Ł.)
| | - Urszula Jankowska
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Anna Drożdż
- Department of Medical Physics, M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Kraków, Poland; (A.D.); (E.Ł.S.)
| | - Ewa Ł. Stępień
- Department of Medical Physics, M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Kraków, Poland; (A.D.); (E.Ł.S.)
| | - Małgorzata Przybyło
- Department of Glycoconjugate Biochemistry, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland; (M.S.); (D.H.-Ł.)
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Gonzalez-Avila G, Sommer B, García-Hernández AA, Ramos C. Matrix Metalloproteinases' Role in Tumor Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1245:97-131. [PMID: 32266655 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-40146-7_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells evolve in the tumor microenvironment (TME) by the acquisition of characteristics that allow them to initiate their passage through a series of events that constitute the metastatic cascade. For this purpose, tumor cells maintain a crosstalk with TME non-neoplastic cells transforming them into their allies. "Corrupted" cells such as cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), and tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) as well as neoplastic cells express and secrete matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Moreover, TME metabolic conditions such as hypoxia and acidification induce MMPs' synthesis in both cancer and stromal cells. MMPs' participation in TME consists in promoting events, for example, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), apoptosis resistance, angiogenesis, and lymphangiogenesis. MMPs also facilitate tumor cell migration through the basement membrane (BM) and extracellular matrix (ECM). The aim of the present chapter is to discuss MMPs' contribution to the evolution of cancer cells, their cellular origin, and their influence in the main processes that take place in the TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina Gonzalez-Avila
- Laboratorio de Oncología Biomédica, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas", Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Bettina Sommer
- Departamento de Investigación en Hiperreactividad Bronquial, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - A Armando García-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Oncología Biomédica, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos Ramos
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular, Departamento de Fibrosis Pulmonar, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas", Mexico City, Mexico
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Shimizu A, Sawada K, Kimura T. Pathophysiological Role and Potential Therapeutic Exploitation of Exosomes in Ovarian Cancer. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040814. [PMID: 32230983 PMCID: PMC7226729 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles involved in several biological and pathological molecules and can carry many bioactive materials to target cells. They work as important mediators of cell-cell communication and play essential roles in many diseases, especially in cancer. Ovarian cancer is one of the most common gynecological malignancies. Most patients are diagnosed at advanced stages involving widespread peritoneal dissemination, resulting in poor prognosis. Emerging evidence has shown that exosomes play vital roles throughout the progression of ovarian cancer. Moreover, the development of engineered exosome-based therapeutic applications— including drug delivery systems, biomolecular targets and immune therapy—has increased drastically. Herein, we review the functional features of exosomes in ovarian cancer progression and the therapeutic application potential of exosomes as novel cancer treatments.
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Colangelo NW, Azzam EI. Extracellular vesicles originating from glioblastoma cells increase metalloproteinase release by astrocytes: the role of CD147 (EMMPRIN) and ionizing radiation. Cell Commun Signal 2020; 18:21. [PMID: 32033611 PMCID: PMC7006136 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-019-0494-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma multiforme is an aggressive primary brain tumor that is characterized by local invasive growth and resistance to therapy. The role of the microenvironment in glioblastoma invasiveness remains unclear. While carcinomas release CD147, a protein that signals for increased matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) release by fibroblasts, glioblastoma does not have a significant fibroblast component. We hypothesized that astrocytes release MMPs in response to CD147 contained in glioblastoma-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) and that ionizing radiation, part of the standard treatment for glioblastoma, enhances this release. METHODS Astrocytes were incubated with EVs released by irradiated or non-irradiated human glioblastoma cells wild-type, knockdown, or knockout for CD147. Levels of CD147 in glioblastoma EVs and MMPs secreted by astrocytes were quantified. Levels of proteins in the mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, which can be regulated by CD147, were measured in astrocytes incubated with EVs from glioblastoma cells wild-type or knockdown for CD147. Immunofluorescence was performed on the glioblastoma cells to identify changes in CD147 localization in response to irradiation, and to confirm uptake of the EVs by astrocytes. RESULTS Immunoblotting and mass spectrometry analyses showed that CD147 levels in EVs were transiently increased when the EVs were from glioblastoma cells that were irradiated with γ rays. Specifically, the highly-glycosylated 45 kDa form of CD147 was preferentially present in the EVs relative to the cells themselves. Immunofluorescence demonstrated that astrocytes incorporate glioblastoma EVs and subsequently increase their secretion of active MMP9. The increase was greater if the EVs were from irradiated glioblastoma cells. Testing MAPK pathway activation, which also regulates MMP expression, showed that JNK signaling, but not ERK1/2 or p38, was increased in astrocytes incubated with EVs from irradiated compared to non-irradiated glioblastoma cells. Knockout of CD147 in glioblastoma cells blocked the increased JNK signaling and the rise in secreted active MMP9 levels. CONCLUSIONS The results support a tumor microenvironment-mediated role of CD147 in glioblastoma invasiveness, and reveal a prominent role for ionizing radiation in enhancing the effect. They provide an improved understanding of glioblastoma intercellular signaling in the context of radiotherapy, and identify pathways that can be targeted to reduce tumor invasiveness. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas W. Colangelo
- Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, New Jersey Medical School, Department of Radiology, 205 South Orange Avenue - Room, Newark, NJ 07103 USA
| | - Edouard I. Azzam
- Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, New Jersey Medical School, Department of Radiology, 205 South Orange Avenue - Room, Newark, NJ 07103 USA
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Yekula A, Yekula A, Muralidharan K, Kang K, Carter BS, Balaj L. Extracellular Vesicles in Glioblastoma Tumor Microenvironment. Front Immunol 2020; 10:3137. [PMID: 32038644 PMCID: PMC6990128 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.03137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastomas (GBM) are highly aggressive primary brain tumors. Complex and dynamic tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a crucial role in the sustained growth, proliferation, and invasion of GBM. Several means of intercellular communication have been documented between glioma cells and the TME, including growth factors, cytokines, chemokines as well as extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs carry functional genomic and proteomic cargo from their parental cells and deliver that information to surrounding and distant recipient cells to modulate their behavior. EVs are emerging as crucial mediators of establishment and maintenance of the tumor by modulating the TME into a tumor promoting system. Herein we review recent literature in the context of GBM TME and the means by which EVs modulate tumor proliferation, reprogram metabolic activity, induce angiogenesis, escape immune surveillance, acquire drug resistance and undergo invasion. Understanding the multifaceted roles of EVs in the niche of GBM TME will provide invaluable insights into understanding the biology of GBM and provide functional insights into the dynamic EV-mediated intercellular communication during gliomagenesis, creating new opportunities for GBM diagnostics and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuroop Yekula
- Government General Hospital, Guntur Medical College, Guntur, India
| | - Anudeep Yekula
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Koushik Muralidharan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Keiko Kang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Bob S. Carter
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Leonora Balaj
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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Rodriguez CM, Gilardoni MB, Remedi MM, Sastre D, Heller V, Pellizas CG, Donadio AC. Tumor-stroma interaction increases CD147 expression in neoplastic B lymphocytes in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2020; 82:102405. [PMID: 32007924 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2020.102405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) microenvironment plays a critical role in disease pathogenesis. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are involved in CLL-B cell migration and survival. CD147 is associated with MMPs production by tumor and stromal cells. AIM To analyze CD147, MMP2 and MMP9 expression in CLL-B cells and its modulation by fibroblasts (Fb)-CLL-B cell interaction. METHODS CLL-B cells were co-cultured with Fb, as a simulation of CLL microenvironment. CD147 was evaluated in healthy donor (HD)-B cells and CLL-B cells by flow cytometry. MMP2 and MMP9 activity in CLL-plasma samples and conditioned media (CMs) was studied by zymography. RESULTS MMP9/MMP2 plasma levels were significantly higher in CLL patients than in HD. CD147 expression (median fluorescence intensity) in CLL patients characterized 3 groups: low- (19.1 ± 3.2; n=3), middle- (42.7 ± 12.8; n=18) and high- (76.5 ± 9.6; n=5) related to CD147 expression in HD-B cells. CD147 expression significantly increased in CLL-B cells after Fb-CLL-B cell co-culture. A significant increase in proMMP2 activity was observed in CMs obtained from Fb-CLL-B cell co-cultures in comparison with isolated CLL-B cells. CONCLUSIONS CD147 expression in CLL-B cells and MMPs secretion was induced by Fb-CLL-B cell contact, suggesting CD147 participation in the CLL pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia M Rodriguez
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, CIBICI-CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina; Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Hospital Nacional de Clínicas, Laboratorio de Oncohematología, Argentina
| | - Mónica B Gilardoni
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, CIBICI-CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - María M Remedi
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, CIBICI-CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Darío Sastre
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Hospital Nacional de Clínicas, Laboratorio de Oncohematología, Argentina
| | - Viviana Heller
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Hospital Nacional de Clínicas, Laboratorio de Oncohematología, Argentina
| | - Claudia G Pellizas
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, CIBICI-CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ana C Donadio
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, CIBICI-CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
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Extracellular Vesicles and Cancer: A Focus on Metabolism, Cytokines, and Immunity. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12010171. [PMID: 32015297 PMCID: PMC7016590 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A better understanding of the mechanisms of cell communication between cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment is crucial to develop personalized therapies. It has been known for a while that cancer cells are metabolically distinct from other non-transformed cells. This metabolic phenotype is not peculiar to cancer cells but reflects the characteristics of the tumor microenvironment. Recently, it has been shown that extracellular vesicles are involved in the metabolic switch occurring in cancer and tumor-stroma cells. Moreover, in an immune system, the metabolic programs of different cell subsets are distinctly associated with their immunological function, and extracellular vesicles could be a key factor in the shift of cell fate modulating cancer immunity. Indeed, during tumor progression, tumor-associated immune cells and fibroblasts acquire a tumor-supportive and anti-inflammatory phenotype due to their interaction with tumor cells and several findings suggest a role of extracellular vesicles in this phenomenon. This review aims to collect all the available evidence so far obtained on the role of extracellular vesicles in the modulation of cell metabolism and immunity. Moreover, we discuss the possibility for extracellular vesicles of being involved in drug resistance mechanisms, cancer progression and metastasis by inducing immune-metabolic effects on surrounding cells.
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38
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Feng W, Dean DC, Hornicek FJ, Shi H, Duan Z. Exosomes promote pre-metastatic niche formation in ovarian cancer. Mol Cancer 2019; 18:124. [PMID: 31409361 PMCID: PMC6691526 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-019-1049-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is one of the most common gynecological malignancies. Upon initial diagnosis, the majority of patients present with widespread metastatic growth within the peritoneal cavity. This metastatic growth occurs in stages, with the formation of a pre-metastatic niche occurring prior to macroscopic tumor cell invasion. Exosomes released by the primary ovarian tumor are small extracellular vesicles which prepare the distant tumor microenvironment for accelerated metastatic invasion. They regulate intercellular communication between tumor cells and normal stroma, cancer-associated fibroblasts, and local immune cells within the tumor microenvironment. In this review, we highlight the emerging roles of ovarian cancer exosomes as coordinators of pre-metastatic niche formation, biomarkers amenable to liquid biopsy, and targets of chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Feng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan China
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 615 Charles, E. Young. Dr. South, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Dylan C. Dean
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 615 Charles, E. Young. Dr. South, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Francis J. Hornicek
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 615 Charles, E. Young. Dr. South, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Huirong Shi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan China
| | - Zhenfeng Duan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan China
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 615 Charles, E. Young. Dr. South, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
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Pineda B, Sánchez García FJ, Olascoaga NK, Pérez de la Cruz V, Salazar A, Moreno-Jiménez S, Hernández Pedro N, Márquez-Navarro A, Ortiz Plata A, Sotelo J. Malignant Glioma Therapy by Vaccination with Irradiated C6 Cell-Derived Microvesicles Promotes an Antitumoral Immune Response. Mol Ther 2019; 27:1612-1620. [PMID: 31204210 PMCID: PMC6731467 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2019.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common and malignant tumor of the CNS, with a mean survival of 14 months after diagnosis. Its unfavorable prognosis reveals the need for novel therapies. It is known that radiation can induce a systemic antitumor effect. Tumor cells produce and release microvesicles in response to cell damage such as radiation. Microvesicles contain a plethora of bioactive molecules, including antigens involved in modulation of the immune response. In this study, we characterized and evaluated irradiated C6 cell-derived microvesicles as a therapeutic vaccination in C6 malignant glioma. Cultured C6 glioma cells were irradiated with a single dose of 50 Gy to obtain the microvesicles. Subcutaneous implantation of C6 cells was performed when the tumor reached 2 cm in diameter, and non-irradiated and irradiated C6 cell-derived microvesicles were administered subcutaneously. Tumor growth, apoptosis, and immunophenotypes were determined. Reduction of tumor volume (more than 50%) was observed in the group treated with irradiated C6 cell-derived microvesicles compared with the control (p = 0.03). The percentages of infiltrative helper, cytotoxic, and regulatory T lymphocytes as well as apoptotic cells were increased in tumors from immunized rats compared with controls. These findings make microvesicle-based vaccination a promising immunotherapeutic approach against glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamín Pineda
- Neuroimmunology and Neuro-oncology Unit, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Mexico City 14269, Mexico.
| | - Francisco Javier Sánchez García
- Inmunorregulation Laboratory, National School of Biological Sciences, National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Nora Karen Olascoaga
- Neuroimmunology and Neuro-oncology Unit, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Mexico City 14269, Mexico
| | - Verónica Pérez de la Cruz
- Neurobiochemistry and Behavior Laboratory, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Mexico City 14269, Mexico
| | - Alelí Salazar
- Neuroimmunology and Neuro-oncology Unit, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Mexico City 14269, Mexico
| | - Sergio Moreno-Jiménez
- Radioneurosurgery Unit, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Mexico City 14269, Mexico
| | - Norma Hernández Pedro
- Experimental Oncology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Adrián Márquez-Navarro
- Federal Commission for the Protection against Sanitary Risks, Commission of Sanitary Authorization, Oklahoma, Benito Juárez, Mexico City 03810, Mexico
| | - Alma Ortiz Plata
- Experimental Neuropathology Laboratory, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Mexico City 14269, Mexico
| | - Julio Sotelo
- Neuroimmunology and Neuro-oncology Unit, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Mexico City 14269, Mexico
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Kikuchi S, Yoshioka Y, Prieto-Vila M, Ochiya T. Involvement of Extracellular Vesicles in Vascular-Related Functions in Cancer Progression and Metastasis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20102584. [PMID: 31130715 PMCID: PMC6566766 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The primary cause of mortality among patients with cancer is the progression of the tumor, better known as cancer invasion and metastasis. Cancer progression involves a series of biologically important steps in which the cross-talk between cancer cells and the cells in the surrounding environment is positioned as an important issue. Notably, angiogenesis is a key tumorigenic phenomenon for cancer progression. Cancer-related extracellular vesicles (EVs) commonly contribute to the modulation of a microenvironment favorable to cancer cells through their function of cell-to-cell communication. Vascular-related cells such as endothelial cells (ECs) and platelets activated by cancer cells and cancer-derived EVs develop procoagulant and proinflammatory statuses, which help excite the tumor environment, and play major roles in tumor progression, including in tumor extravasation, tumor cell microthrombi formation, platelet aggregation, and metastasis. In particular, cancer-derived EVs influence ECs, which then play multiple roles such as contributing to tumor angiogenesis, loss of endothelial vascular barrier by binding to ECs, and the subsequent endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition, i.e., extracellular matrix remodeling. Thus, cell-to-cell communication between cancer cells and ECs via EVs may be an important target for controlling cancer progression. This review describes the current knowledge regarding the involvement of EVs, especially exosomes derived from cancer cells, in EC-related cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinsuke Kikuchi
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan.
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan.
| | - Yusuke Yoshioka
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan.
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Medical Science Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan.
| | - Marta Prieto-Vila
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan.
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Medical Science Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan.
| | - Takahiro Ochiya
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan.
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Medical Science Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan.
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Yunusova NV, Tugutova EA, Tamkovich SN, Kondakova IV. [The role of exosomal tetraspanins and proteases in tumor progression]. BIOMEDIT︠S︡INSKAI︠A︡ KHIMII︠A︡ 2019; 64:123-133. [PMID: 29723143 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20186402123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Major (CD9, CD63, CD81) and others (CD82, CD151, Tspan8) tetraspanins are widely represented in exosomes, where they interact with various proteins and form functional tetraspanin complexes. Tetraspanin complexes include proteases. Tetraspanin-associated exosomal proteases (ADAM proteases, MMPs, EMMPRIN) play an important role in the processes of cell motility, migration, invasion and formation of metastases. Also, a significant contribution to tumor progression is made by proteases that are not associated with tetraspanins. They destabilize intercellular contacts, promote migration and invasion of tumor cells, participate in the regulation of the expression IGF-I, VEGF and transcription factors activation/deactivation. The role of other proteases of exosomes in the processes of tumor progression is being clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- N V Yunusova
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia; Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - E A Tugutova
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - S N Tamkovich
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia; Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia; Novosibirsk State Medical University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - I V Kondakova
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
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Kumar D, Vetrivel U, Parameswaran S, Subramanian KK. Structural insights on druggable hotspots in CD147: A bull's eye view. Life Sci 2019; 224:76-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Metalloproteinases at the surface of small extrcellular vesicles in advanced ovarian cancer: Relationships with ascites volume and peritoneal canceromatosis index. Clin Chim Acta 2019; 494:116-122. [PMID: 30904547 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.03.1621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Metalloproteinases and their extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN) play an essential role in the regulation of signaling from growth factors receptors and adhesion molecules, cell motility and extracellular matrix degradation. The aim of the study was to evaluate the relationship between the levels of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) metalloproteinases, such as ADAM10, ADAM17, MMP2, MMP9 and EMMPRIN and ascites volume and peritoneal canceromatosis index in advanced ovarian cancer patients (OCPs). The subpopulations of metalloproteinases at the surface of sEVs of borderline ovarian tumor patients (BOTPs) (n = 20, 36.5 ± 2.5 years) and previously untreated advanced OCPs (n = 35, 56.5 ± 2.5 years) were evaluated using flow cytometry. The metalloproteinase subpopulations of CD9-positive sEVs isolated from plasma of BOTPs and OCPs appeared to be quite similar. However, a significant difference in the expression of ADAM-metalloproteinases in ascites sEVs was found between BOTPs and OCPs. The level of sEVs metalloproteinases in OCPs significantly depended on the ascites volume. A statistically significant relationship between the level of ADAM10+/ADAM17- subpopulation in plasma sEVs and the peritoneal canceromatosis index was found (R = 0.66, p < .05). The levels of metalloproteinases and EMMPRIN in circulating sEVs, as well as the assessment of individual subpopulations may be promising approaches to OCPs managing.
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Aslan C, Maralbashi S, Salari F, Kahroba H, Sigaroodi F, Kazemi T, Kharaziha P. Tumor-derived exosomes: Implication in angiogenesis and antiangiogenesis cancer therapy. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:16885-16903. [PMID: 30793767 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tumor cells utilize different strategies to communicate with neighboring tissues for facilitating tumor progression and invasion, one of these strategies has been shown to be the release of exosomes. Exosomes are small nanovesicles secreted by all kind of cells in the body, especially cancer cells, and mediate cell to cell communications. Exosomes play an important role in cancer invasiveness by harboring various cargoes that could accelerate angiogenesis. Here first, we will present an overview of exosomes, their biology, and their function in the body. Then, we will focus on exosomes derived from tumor cells as tumor angiogenesis mediators with a particular emphasis on the underlying mechanisms in various cancer origins. Also, exosomes derived from stem cells and tumor-associated macrophages will be discussed in this regard. Finally, we will discuss the novel therapeutic strategies of exosomes as drug delivery vehicles against angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Aslan
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sepideh Maralbashi
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Farhad Salari
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Houman Kahroba
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Faraz Sigaroodi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Tohid Kazemi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Pedram Kharaziha
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Linköping University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden
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Malloci M, Perdomo L, Veerasamy M, Andriantsitohaina R, Simard G, Martínez MC. Extracellular Vesicles: Mechanisms in Human Health and Disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 30:813-856. [PMID: 29634347 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs) are now considered veritable entities for diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutics. These structures are able to interact with target cells and modify their phenotype and function. Recent Advances: Since composition of EVs depends on the cell type of origin and the stimulation that leads to their release, the analysis of EV content remains an important input to understand the potential effects of EVs on target cells. CRITICAL ISSUES Here, we review recent data related to the mechanisms involved in the formation of EVs and the methods allowing specific EV isolation and identification. Also, we analyze the potential use of EVs as biomarkers in different pathologies such as diabetes, obesity, atherosclerosis, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. Besides, their role in these diseases is discussed. Finally, we consider EVs enriched in microRNA or drugs as potential therapeutic cargo able to deliver desirable information to target cells/tissues. FUTURE DIRECTIONS We underline the importance of the homogenization of the parameters of isolation of EVs and their characterization, which allow considering EVs as excellent biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Malloci
- 1 INSERM UMR 1063, Stress Oxydant et Pathologies Métaboliques, UNIV Angers, Université Bretagne Loire, Angers, France
| | - Liliana Perdomo
- 1 INSERM UMR 1063, Stress Oxydant et Pathologies Métaboliques, UNIV Angers, Université Bretagne Loire, Angers, France
| | - Maëva Veerasamy
- 1 INSERM UMR 1063, Stress Oxydant et Pathologies Métaboliques, UNIV Angers, Université Bretagne Loire, Angers, France
| | - Ramaroson Andriantsitohaina
- 1 INSERM UMR 1063, Stress Oxydant et Pathologies Métaboliques, UNIV Angers, Université Bretagne Loire, Angers, France.,2 Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Gilles Simard
- 1 INSERM UMR 1063, Stress Oxydant et Pathologies Métaboliques, UNIV Angers, Université Bretagne Loire, Angers, France.,2 Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - M Carmen Martínez
- 1 INSERM UMR 1063, Stress Oxydant et Pathologies Métaboliques, UNIV Angers, Université Bretagne Loire, Angers, France.,2 Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire d'Angers, Angers, France
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Kabe Y, Sakamoto S, Hatakeyama M, Yamaguchi Y, Suematsu M, Itonaga M, Handa H. Application of high-performance magnetic nanobeads to biological sensing devices. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:1825-1837. [PMID: 30627798 PMCID: PMC6453870 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1548-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nanomaterials have extensive applications in the life sciences and in clinical diagnosis. We have developed magnetic nanoparticles with high dispersibility and extremely low nonspecific binding to biomolecules and have demonstrated their application in chemical biology (e.g., for the screening of drug receptor proteins). Recently, the excellent properties of nanobeads have made possible the development of novel rapid immunoassay systems and high-precision technologies for exosome detection. For immunoassays, we developed a technology to encapsulate a fluorescent substance in magnetic nanobeads. The fluorescent nanobeads allow the rapid detection of a specific antigen in solution or in tissue specimens. Exosomes, which are released into the blood, are expected to become markers for several diseases, including cancer, but techniques for measuring the absolute quantity of exosomes in biological fluids are lacking. By integrating magnetic nanobead technology with an optical disc system, we developed a novel method for precisely quantifying exosomes in human serum with high sensitivity and high linearity without requiring enrichment procedures. This review focuses on the properties of our magnetic nanobeads, the development of novel biosensors using these nanobeads, and their broad practical applications. Graphical abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuaki Kabe
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinnanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
- Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Tokyo, 200-0004, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Sakamoto
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8501, Japan
| | - Mamoru Hatakeyama
- FG Beads Development Section, Biotronics Laboratory, Tamagawa Seiki Co. Ltd, Ohyasumi, Iida, Nagano, 395-8515, Japan
| | - Yuki Yamaguchi
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8501, Japan
| | - Makoto Suematsu
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinnanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Makoto Itonaga
- Healthcare Business Division, JVCKENWOOD Corporation, 3-12 Moriya-cho, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 221-0022, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Handa
- Department of Nanoparticle Translational Research, Tokyo Medical University, 6-2-2 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan.
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Updegraff BL, Zhou X, Guo Y, Padanad MS, Chen PH, Yang C, Sudderth J, Rodriguez-Tirado C, Girard L, Minna JD, Mishra P, DeBerardinis RJ, O'Donnell KA. Transmembrane Protease TMPRSS11B Promotes Lung Cancer Growth by Enhancing Lactate Export and Glycolytic Metabolism. Cell Rep 2018; 25:2223-2233.e6. [PMID: 30463017 PMCID: PMC6338450 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.10.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathways underlying metabolic reprogramming in cancer remain incompletely understood. We identify the transmembrane serine protease TMPRSS11B as a gene that promotes transformation of immortalized human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs). TMPRSS11B is upregulated in human lung squamous cell carcinomas (LSCCs), and high expression is associated with poor survival of non-small cell lung cancer patients. TMPRSS11B inhibition in human LSCCs reduces transformation and tumor growth. Given that TMPRSS11B harbors an extracellular (EC) protease domain, we hypothesized that catalysis of a membrane-bound substrate modulates tumor progression. Interrogation of a set of soluble receptors revealed that TMPRSS11B promotes solubilization of Basigin, an obligate chaperone of the lactate monocarboxylate transporter MCT4. Basigin release mediated by TMPRSS11B enhances lactate export and glycolytic metabolism, thereby promoting tumorigenesis. These findings establish an oncogenic role for TMPRSS11B and provide support for the development of therapies that target this enzyme at the surface of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barrett L Updegraff
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9148, USA
| | - Xiaorong Zhou
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9148, USA; Department of Immunology, Nantong University School of Medicine, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Yabin Guo
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9148, USA; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Mahesh S Padanad
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9148, USA
| | - Pei-Hsuan Chen
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Chendong Yang
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jessica Sudderth
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Carla Rodriguez-Tirado
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9148, USA
| | - Luc Girard
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8593, USA; Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8593, USA
| | - John D Minna
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8593, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8593, USA; Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8593, USA
| | - Prashant Mishra
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Ralph J DeBerardinis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Kathryn A O'Donnell
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9148, USA; Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9148, USA.
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Schulz A, Chuquimia OD, Antypas H, Steiner SE, Sandoval RM, Tanner GA, Molitoris BA, Richter-Dahlfors A, Melican K. Protective vascular coagulation in response to bacterial infection of the kidney is regulated by bacterial lipid A and host CD147. Pathog Dis 2018; 76:5210089. [PMID: 30476069 PMCID: PMC7297223 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/fty087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial infection of the kidney leads to a rapid cascade of host protective responses, many of which are still poorly understood. We have previously shown that following kidney infection with uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC), vascular coagulation is quickly initiated in local perivascular capillaries that protects the host from progressing from a local infection to systemic sepsis. The signaling mechanisms behind this response have not however been described. In this study, we use a number of in vitro and in vivo techniques, including intravital microscopy, to identify two previously unrecognized components influencing this protective coagulation response. The acylation state of the Lipid A of UPEC lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is shown to alter the kinetics of local coagulation onset in vivo. We also identify epithelial CD147 as a potential host factor influencing infection-mediated coagulation. CD147 is expressed by renal proximal epithelial cells infected with UPEC, contingent to bacterial expression of the α-hemolysin toxin. The epithelial CD147 subsequently can activate tissue factor on endothelial cells, a primary step in the coagulation cascade. This study emphasizes the rapid, multifaceted response of the kidney tissue to bacterial infection and the interplay between host and pathogen during the early hours of renal infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anette Schulz
- Swedish Medical Nanoscience Center, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olga D Chuquimia
- Swedish Medical Nanoscience Center, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Haris Antypas
- Swedish Medical Nanoscience Center, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Svava E Steiner
- Swedish Medical Nanoscience Center, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ruben M Sandoval
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Roudebush VAMC, Indiana Center for Biological Microscopy, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - George A Tanner
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Bruce A Molitoris
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Roudebush VAMC, Indiana Center for Biological Microscopy, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Agneta Richter-Dahlfors
- Swedish Medical Nanoscience Center, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Keira Melican
- Swedish Medical Nanoscience Center, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
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Extracellular Vesicles and Matrix Remodeling Enzymes: The Emerging Roles in Extracellular Matrix Remodeling, Progression of Diseases and Tissue Repair. Cells 2018; 7:cells7100167. [PMID: 30322133 PMCID: PMC6210724 DOI: 10.3390/cells7100167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane enclosed micro- and nano-sized vesicles that are secreted from almost every species, ranging from prokaryotes to eukaryotes, and from almost every cell type studied so far. EVs contain repertoire of bioactive molecules such as proteins (including enzymes and transcriptional factors), lipids, carbohydrates and nucleic acids including DNA, coding and non-coding RNAs. The secreted EVs are taken up by neighboring cells where they release their content in recipient cells, or can sail through body fluids to reach distant organs. Since EVs transport bioactive cargo between cells, they have emerged as novel mediators of extra- and intercellular activities in local microenvironment and inter-organ communications distantly. Herein, we review the activities of EV-associated matrix-remodeling enzymes such as matrix metalloproteinases, heparanases, hyaluronidases, aggrecanases, and their regulators such as extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducers and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases as novel means of matrix remodeling in physiological and pathological conditions. We discuss how such EVs act as novel mediators of extracellular matrix degradation to prepare a permissive environment for various pathological conditions such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, arthritis and metabolic diseases. Additionally, the roles of EV-mediated matrix remodeling in tissue repair and their potential applications as organ therapies have been reviewed. Collectively, this knowledge could benefit the development of new approaches for tissue engineering.
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Momen-Heravi F, Getting SJ, Moschos SA. Extracellular vesicles and their nucleic acids for biomarker discovery. Pharmacol Ther 2018; 192:170-187. [PMID: 30081050 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a heterogenous population of vesicles originate from cells. EVs are found in different biofluids and carry different macromolecules, including proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, providing a snap shot of the parental cells at the time of release. EVs have the ability to transfer molecular cargoes to other cells and can initiate different physiological and pathological processes. Mounting lines of evidence demonstrated that EVs' cargo and machinery is affected in disease states, positioning EVs as potential sources for the discovery of novel biomarkers. In this review, we demonstrate a conceptual overview of the EV field with particular focus on their nucleic acid cargoes. Current knowledge of EV subtypes, nucleic acid cargo and pathophysiological roles are outlined, with emphasis placed on advantages against competing analytes. We review the utility of EVs and their nucleic acid cargoes as biomarkers and critically assess the newly available advances in the field of EV biomarkers and high throughput technologies. Challenges to achieving the diagnostic potential of EVs, including sample handling, EV isolation, methodological considerations, and bioassay reproducibility are discussed. Future implementation of 'omics-based technologies and integration of systems biology approaches for the development of EV-based biomarkers and personalized medicine are also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Momen-Heravi
- Division of Periodontics, Section of Oral and Diagnostic Sciences, Columbia University, College of Dental Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UK.
| | - Stephen J Getting
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UK; Department of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UK
| | - Sterghios Athanasios Moschos
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UK; Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle, UK
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