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Yin J, Dong F, An J, Guo T, Cheng H, Zhang J, Zhang J. Pattern recognition of microcirculation with super-resolution ultrasound imaging provides markers for early tumor response to anti-angiogenic therapy. Theranostics 2024; 14:1312-1324. [PMID: 38323316 PMCID: PMC10845201 DOI: 10.7150/thno.89306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Cancer treatment outcome is traditionally evaluated by tumor volume change in clinics, while tumor microvascular heterogeneity reflecting tumor response has not been fully explored due to technical limitations. Methods: We introduce a new paradigm in super-resolution ultrasound imaging, termed pattern recognition of microcirculation (PARM), which identifies both hemodynamic and morphological patterns of tumor microcirculation hidden in spatio-temporal space trajectories of microbubbles. Results: PARM demonstrates the ability to distinguish different local blood flow velocities separated by a distance of 24 μm. Compared with traditional vascular parameters, PARM-derived heterogeneity parameters prove to be more sensitive to microvascular changes following anti-angiogenic therapy. Particularly, PARM-identified "sentinel" microvasculature, exhibiting evident structural changes as early as 24 hours after treatment initiation, correlates significantly with subsequent tumor volume changes (|r| > 0.9, P < 0.05). This provides prognostic insight into tumor response much earlier than clinical criteria. Conclusions: The ability of PARM to noninvasively quantify tumor vascular heterogeneity at the microvascular level may shed new light on early-stage assessment of cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Yin
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Feihong Dong
- College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, and Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
- National Biomedical Imaging Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian An
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Tianyu Guo
- College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Heping Cheng
- College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, and Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
- National Biomedical Imaging Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Research Unit of Mitochondria in Brain Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, PKU-Nanjing Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiabin Zhang
- College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, and Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
- National Biomedical Imaging Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jue Zhang
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
- National Biomedical Imaging Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Research Unit of Mitochondria in Brain Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, PKU-Nanjing Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanjing, China
- College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Alshamrani K, Alshamrani HA. A computational approach for analysis of intratumoral heterogeneity and standardized uptake value in PET/CT images1. JOURNAL OF X-RAY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2024; 32:123-139. [PMID: 37458060 DOI: 10.3233/xst-230095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND By providing both functional and anatomical information from a single scan, digital imaging technologies like PET/CT and PET/MRI hybrids are gaining popularity in medical imaging industry. In clinical practice, the median value (SUVmed) receives less attention owing to disagreements surrounding what defines a lesion, but the SUVmax value, which is a semi-quantitative statistic used to analyse PET and PET/CT images, is commonly used to evaluate lesions. OBJECTIVE This study aims to build an image processing technique with the purpose of automatically detecting and isolating lesions in PET/CT images, as well as measuring and assessing the SUVmed. METHODS The pictures are separated into their respective lesions using mathematical morphology and the crescent region, which are both part of the image processing method. In this research, a total of 18 different pictures of lesions were evaluated. RESULTS The findings of the study reveal that the threshold is satisfied by both the SUVmax and the SUVmed for most of the lesion types. However, in six instances, the SUVmax and SUVmed values are found to be in different courts. CONCLUSION The new information revealed by this study needs to be further investigated to determine if it has any practical value in diagnosing and monitoring lesions. However, results of this study suggest that SUVmed should receive more attention in the evaluation of lesions in PET and CT images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalaf Alshamrani
- Radiological Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan A Alshamrani
- Radiological Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
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Reynolds S, Kazan SM, Anton A, Alizadeh T, Gunn RN, Paley MN, Tozer GM, Cunningham VJ. Kinetic modelling of dissolution dynamic nuclear polarisation 13 C magnetic resonance spectroscopy data for analysis of pyruvate delivery and fate in tumours. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2022; 35:e4650. [PMID: 34841602 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Dissolution dynamic nuclear polarisation (dDNP) of 13 C-labelled pyruvate in magnetic resonance spectroscopy/imaging (MRS/MRSI) has the potential for monitoring tumour progression and treatment response. Pyruvate delivery, its metabolism to lactate and efflux were investigated in rat P22 sarcomas following simultaneous intravenous administration of hyperpolarised 13 C-labelled pyruvate (13 C1 -pyruvate) and urea (13 C-urea), a nonmetabolised marker. A general mathematical model of pyruvate-lactate exchange, incorporating an arterial input function (AIF), enabled the losses of pyruvate and lactate from tumour to be estimated, in addition to the clearance rate of pyruvate signal from blood into tumour, Kip , and the forward and reverse fractional rate constants for pyruvate-lactate signal exchange, kpl and klp . An analogous model was developed for urea, enabling estimation of urea tumour losses and the blood clearance parameter, Kiu . A spectral fitting procedure to blood time-course data proved superior to assuming a gamma-variate form for the AIFs. Mean arterial blood pressure marginally correlated with clearance rates. Kiu equalled Kip , indicating equivalent permeability of the tumour vasculature to urea and pyruvate. Fractional loss rate constants due to effluxes of pyruvate, lactate and urea from tumour tissue into blood (kpo , klo and kuo , respectively) indicated that T1 s and the average flip angle, θ, obtained from arterial blood were poor surrogates for these parameters in tumour tissue. A precursor-product model, using the tumour pyruvate signal time-course as the input for the corresponding lactate signal time-course, was modified to account for the observed delay between them. The corresponding fractional rate constant, kavail , most likely reflected heterogeneous tumour microcirculation. Loss parameters, estimated from this model with different TRs, provided a lower limit on the estimates of tumour T1 for lactate and urea. The results do not support use of hyperpolarised urea for providing information on the tumour microcirculation over and above what can be obtained from pyruvate alone. The results also highlight the need for rigorous processes controlling signal quantitation, if absolute estimations of biological parameters are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Reynolds
- Academic Unit of Radiology, Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, The Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Samira M Kazan
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Adriana Anton
- Academic Unit of Radiology, Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, The Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Tooba Alizadeh
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Roger N Gunn
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Martyn N Paley
- Academic Unit of Radiology, Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, The Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Gillian M Tozer
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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Wang X, Li X, Chen H, Peng Y, Li Y. Pulmonary MRI Radiomics and Machine Learning: Effect of Intralesional Heterogeneity on Classification of Lesion. Acad Radiol 2022; 29 Suppl 2:S73-S81. [PMID: 33495072 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2020.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES To investigate the effect of intralesional heterogeneity on differentiating benign and malignant pulmonary lesions, quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) radiomics, and machine learning methods were adopted. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 176 patients with multiparametric MRI were involved in this exploratory study. To investigate the effect of intralesional heterogeneity on lesion classification, a radiomics model called tumor heterogeneity model was developed and compared to the conventional radiomics model based on the entire tumor. In tumor heterogeneity model, each lesion was divided into five sublesions depending on the spatial location through clustering algorithm. From the five sublesions in multi-parametric MRI sequences, 1100 radiomics features were extracted. The recursive feature elimination method was employed to select features and support vector machine classifier was used to distinguish benign and malignant lesion. The performance of classification was evaluated with the receiver operating characteristic curve and the area under the curve (AUC) was the figure of merit. The 3-fold cross-validation (CV) with and without nesting was used to validate the model, respectively. RESULTS The tumor heterogeneity model (AUC = 0.74 ± 0.04 and 0.90 ± 0.03, CV with and without nesting, respectively) outperforms conventional model (AUC = 0.68 ± 0.04 and 0.87 ± 0.03). The difference between the two models is statistically significant (p = 0.03) for lesions greater than 18.80 cm3. CONCLUSION Intralesional heterogeneity influences the classification of pulmonary lesions. The tumor heterogeneity model tends to perform better than conventional radiomics model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhui Wang
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Shangyuan Village No 3 in Haidian, Beijing, China
| | - Xinchun Li
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Houjin Chen
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Shangyuan Village No 3 in Haidian, Beijing, China.
| | - Yahui Peng
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Shangyuan Village No 3 in Haidian, Beijing, China
| | - Yanfeng Li
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Shangyuan Village No 3 in Haidian, Beijing, China
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Yan L, Qu J, Li J, Zhang H, Lu Y, Gao J. Predicting T and N Staging of Resectable Gastric Cancer According to Whole Tumor Histogram Analysis About a Non-Cartesian k-Space Acquisition DCE-MRI: A Feasibility Study. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:7951-7960. [PMID: 34703316 PMCID: PMC8536841 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s326874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To explore the feasibility of the whole tumor histogram analysis parameters derived from dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) based on stack-of stars (StarVIBE) to predict T and N staging of resectable gastric cancer (GC). Methods Eighty-seven patients confirmed as GC by histopathology were enrolled in this prospective study. DCE-MRI were performed before surgery, and quantitative DCE parameters (Ktrans, Kep, Ve) and histogram metrics (Skewness, Kurtosis and Entropy) were measured by Omni-Kinetics software. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) testing was used to determine the consistency of Ktrans, Kep and Ve values and histogram metrics values between two radiologists using Bland–Altman analysis. The quantitative DCE parameters or histogram metrics values between T stage or N stage were compared using ANOVA or Kruskal–Wallis testing. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses was performed to find out the best parameters for identifying T and N staging. Results There was statistical difference in Ktrans, Kep, Ve and entropy to identify T staging (P=0.015, 0.033, <0.001, and 0.007, respectively), and in pairwise comparisons of Ve values showed statistically difference between T1+2 and T3 group (P<0.001), T1+2 and T4 group (P<0.001). There were statistical differences in Ve to identify N staging (P=0.041). In ROC analysis, Ve was the best parameter for identifying T staging (AUC: 0.788, the sensitivity and specificity was 0.929 and 0.578, respectively) and N staging (AUC: 0.590, the sensitivity and specificity was 0.714 and 0.899, respectively). Conclusion The whole tumor histogram analysis parameters derived from StarVIBE DCE-MRI may be able to quantitatively evaluate T and N staging of GC, so as to help clinical treatment decision optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Yan
- The Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinrong Qu
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongkai Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanan Lu
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianbo Gao
- The Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
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Guan X, Wang S, Kuang P, Lu H, Zhang M, Qian D, Xu X. The Usefulness of Imaging Quantification in Discriminating Non-Calcified Pulmonary Hamartoma From Adenocarcinoma. Front Oncol 2020; 10:568069. [PMID: 33194653 PMCID: PMC7664822 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.568069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with non-calcified hamartoma were more susceptible to surgery or needle biopsy for the tough discrimination from lung adenocarcinoma. Radiomics have the ability to quantify the lesion features and potentially improve disease diagnosis. Thus, this study aimed to discriminate non-calcified hamartoma from adenocarcinoma by employing imaging quantification and machine learning. Methods Forty-two patients with non-calcified hamartoma and 49 patients with adenocarcinoma were retrospentation; Manual lesion segmentation, feature quantification (e.g., texture features), and artificial neural network were performed consecutively. Independent t-test was used to conduct the inter-group comparisons of those imaging features. Receiver operating characteristic curve was performed to investigate the discriminating efficacy. Results Significantly higher contrast, cluster prominence, cluster shade, dissimilarity, energy, and entropy in non-calcified hamartoma were observed compared with lung adenocarcinoma. Texture-grey-level co-occurrence matrix showed a well discrimination between non-calcified hamartoma and adenocarcinoma as the detection sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and the area under the curve were 87.22% ± 9.07%, 82.64% ± 8.07%, 85.11% ± 5.40%, and 0.942, respectively. Conclusion Quantifying imaging features is a potentially useful tool for clinical diagnosis. This study demonstrated that non-calcified hamartoma has a heterogeneous distribution of attenuations probably resulting from its complex organizations. Based on this property, imaging quantification could improve discrimination of non-calcified hamartoma from adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Guan
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shaoze Wang
- Institute of Very Large Scale Integrated-circuits (VLSI) Design, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pingding Kuang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haitong Lu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Minming Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dahong Qian
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojun Xu
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Smolarczyk R, Czapla J, Jarosz-Biej M, Czerwinski K, Cichoń T. Vascular disrupting agents in cancer therapy. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 891:173692. [PMID: 33130277 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tumor blood vessel formation is a key process for tumor expansion. Tumor vessels are abnormal and differ from normal vessels in architecture and components. Besides oxygen and nutrients supply, the tumor vessels system, due to its abnormality, is responsible for: hypoxia formation, and metastatic routes. Tumor blood vessels can be a target of anti-cancer therapies. There are two types of therapies that target tumor vessels. The first one is the inhibition of the angiogenesis process. However, the inhibition is often ineffective because of alternative angiogenesis mechanism activation. The second type is a specific targeting of existing tumor blood vessels by vascular disruptive agents (VDAs). There are three groups of VDAs: microtubule destabilizing drugs, flavonoids with anti-vascular functions, and tumor vascular targeted drugs based on endothelial cell receptors. However, VDAs possess some limitations. They may be cardiotoxic and their application in therapy may leave viable residual, so called, rim cells on the edge of the tumor. However, it seems that a well-designed combination of VDAs with other anti-cancer drugs may bring a significant therapeutic effect. In this article, we describe three groups of vascular disruptive agents with their advantages and disadvantages. We mention VDAs clinical trials. Finally, we present the current possibilities of VDAs combination with other anti-cancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryszard Smolarczyk
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej Street 15, 44-102, Gliwice, Poland.
| | - Justyna Czapla
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej Street 15, 44-102, Gliwice, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Jarosz-Biej
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej Street 15, 44-102, Gliwice, Poland.
| | - Kyle Czerwinski
- University of Manitoba, Faculty of Science. 66 Chancellors Cir, Winnipeg, Canada.
| | - Tomasz Cichoń
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej Street 15, 44-102, Gliwice, Poland.
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Xu Z, Guo D, Jiang Z, Tong R, Jiang P, Bai L, Chen L, Zhu Y, Guo C, Shi J, Yu D. Novel HER2-Targeting Antibody-Drug Conjugates of Trastuzumab Beyond T-DM1 in Breast Cancer: Trastuzumab Deruxtecan(DS-8201a) and (Vic-)Trastuzumab Duocarmazine (SYD985). Eur J Med Chem 2019; 183:111682. [PMID: 31563805 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Targeted drug delivery has improved cancer treatment significantly in recent years, although it is difficult to achieve. Different approaches have been developed to apply targeted drug delivery. Among which, antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) provides a potentially ideal solution to such a challenge. ADC is an innovative drug treatment model with three key components: payload, monoclonal antibody, and linker. The monoclonal antibody targets the antigen-expressing tumor cells and internalizes the payload linked by the linker to the target cells to reduce the side effects of the traditional chemotherapy drugs. The off-target effect has an excellent therapeutic prospect. Among them, ado-trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) is a successful example of targeting human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2). Its antibody (trastuzumab) is derived from Herceptin with annual sales of more than $6 billion. It has excellent targeting and specific anti-tumor activity against HER2. Its linker is not cleavable and releases the Lys-linker-payload to kill the cells. The two ADCs described here use the same antibody as T-DM1, but the cleavable linker and the more toxic payload allow them to have the not only targeting of T-DM1, but also the reduce T-DM1 resistance and improve efficacy in heterogeneous tumors. This paper describes the mechanism of action and the biochemical characteristics of different parts and preclinical and clinical progress of trastuzumab deruxtecan(DS-8201a) and (vic-)trastuzumab duocarmazine (SYD985).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuyu Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Dandan Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | | | - Rongsheng Tong
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Peidu Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Lan Bai
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuxuan Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Chun Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China.
| | - Jianyou Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
| | - Dongke Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
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Chen YL, Li R, Chen TW, Ou J, Zhang XM, Chen F, Wu L, Jiang Y, Laws M, Shah K, Joseph B, Hu J. Whole-tumour histogram analysis of pharmacokinetic parameters from dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI in resectable oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma can predict T-stage and regional lymph node metastasis. Eur J Radiol 2019; 112:112-120. [PMID: 30777199 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2019.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify whether whole-tumour histogram analysis of pharmacokinetic parameters from dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) could predict T-stage and regional lymph node metastasis (LNM) of resectable oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-two consecutive patients with confirmed oesophageal SCC underwent thoracic DCE-MRI. Histogram metrics (median, mean, standard deviation [SD], skewness, kurtosis and entropy) of whole-tumour pharmacokinetic parameters including endothelial transfer constant (Ktrans), reflux rate (Kep) and fractional extravascular extracellular space volume (Ve) were generated by the Omni-Kinetics software. Histogram datasets were interpreted using the Mann-Whitney U test and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) statistical analyses. RESULTS The Mann-Whitney U tests revealed that the median, mean and SD of Ktrans, the SD and entropy of Kep, and the median, mean and entropy of Ve of T1-2 stage oesophageal SCC were lower when compared with T3 stage (all Ps < 0.05); and the ROC analysis showed that the entropy of Ve could reliably distinguish T1-2 stage from T3 stage with an area under ROC (AUC) of 0.773. The Mann-Whitney U tests illustrated that the entropy of Ktrans, and the median, mean, SD and entropy of Kep were higher while the skewness of Kep was lower in tumours with LNM than without LNM (all Ps < 0.05); and the ROC analysis demonstrated that the SD of Kep could best identify tumours with LNM with an AUC of 0.702. CONCLUSION Whole-tumour histogram analysis of pharmacokinetic parameters of oesophageal SCC on DCE-MRI could be used to predict T-stage and regional LNM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Li Chen
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging, and Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, 63# Wenhua Road, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan, China; Department of Radiology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Rui Li
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging, and Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, 63# Wenhua Road, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan, China
| | - Tian-Wu Chen
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging, and Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, 63# Wenhua Road, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan, China.
| | - Jing Ou
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging, and Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, 63# Wenhua Road, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Zhang
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging, and Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, 63# Wenhua Road, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan, China
| | - Fan Chen
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging, and Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, 63# Wenhua Road, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan, China; Department of Radiology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Lan Wu
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging, and Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, 63# Wenhua Road, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging, and Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, 63# Wenhua Road, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan, China
| | - Maxwell Laws
- Department of Radiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Kamran Shah
- Department of Radiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Bobby Joseph
- Department of Radiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Jiani Hu
- Department of Radiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
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Napel S, Mu W, Jardim‐Perassi BV, Aerts HJWL, Gillies RJ. Quantitative imaging of cancer in the postgenomic era: Radio(geno)mics, deep learning, and habitats. Cancer 2018; 124:4633-4649. [PMID: 30383900 PMCID: PMC6482447 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.31630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Although cancer often is referred to as "a disease of the genes," it is indisputable that the (epi)genetic properties of individual cancer cells are highly variable, even within the same tumor. Hence, preexisting resistant clones will emerge and proliferate after therapeutic selection that targets sensitive clones. Herein, the authors propose that quantitative image analytics, known as "radiomics," can be used to quantify and characterize this heterogeneity. Virtually every patient with cancer is imaged radiologically. Radiomics is predicated on the beliefs that these images reflect underlying pathophysiologies, and that they can be converted into mineable data for improved diagnosis, prognosis, prediction, and therapy monitoring. In the last decade, the radiomics of cancer has grown from a few laboratories to a worldwide enterprise. During this growth, radiomics has established a convention, wherein a large set of annotated image features (1-2000 features) are extracted from segmented regions of interest and used to build classifier models to separate individual patients into their appropriate class (eg, indolent vs aggressive disease). An extension of this conventional radiomics is the application of "deep learning," wherein convolutional neural networks can be used to detect the most informative regions and features without human intervention. A further extension of radiomics involves automatically segmenting informative subregions ("habitats") within tumors, which can be linked to underlying tumor pathophysiology. The goal of the radiomics enterprise is to provide informed decision support for the practice of precision oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandy Napel
- Department of RadiologyStanford UniversityStanfordCalifornia
| | - Wei Mu
- Department of Cancer PhysiologyH. Lee Moffitt Cancer CenterTampaFlorida
| | | | - Hugo J. W. L. Aerts
- Dana‐Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusetts
| | - Robert J. Gillies
- Department of Cancer PhysiologyH. Lee Moffitt Cancer CenterTampaFlorida
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11
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Huang R, Andersen LMK, Rofstad EK. Metastatic pathway and the microvascular and physicochemical microenvironments of human melanoma xenografts. J Transl Med 2017; 15:203. [PMID: 29017512 PMCID: PMC5634823 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-017-1307-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignant melanoma of the skin can metastasize through blood vessels and lymphatics. The primary tumor develops a vascular microenvironment characterized by abnormal blood vessels and lymphatics and a physicochemical microenvironment characterized by low oxygen tension, regions with hypoxic tissue, and high interstitial fluid pressure (IFP). This study aimed at identifying relationships between the metastatic route of melanomas and characteristic features of the microvascular and physicochemical microenvironments of the primary tumor. METHODS Two patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models (E-13, N-15) and four cell line-derived xenografts (CDX) models (C-10, D-12, R-18, T-22) of human melanoma were included in the study. Tumors were transplanted to an orthotopic site in BALB/c-nu/nu mice, and when the tumors had grown to a volume of 500-600 mm3, the IFP of the primary tumor was measured and the hypoxia marker pimonidazole was administered before the host mouse was euthanized. The primary tumor, lungs, and six pairs of lymph nodes were evaluated by examining hematoxylin/eosin-stained and immunostained histological preparations. The expression of angiogenesis-related genes was assessed by quantitative PCR. RESULTS C-10, D-12, and E-13 tumors disseminated primarily by the hematogenous route and developed pulmonary metastases. These tumors showed high angiogenic activity and high expression of the F3 gene as well as ANGPT2 and TIE1, genes encoding proteins of the angiopoietin-tie system. N-15, R-18, and T-22 tumors disseminated mainly by the lymphogenous route and developed metastases in draining lymph nodes. These tumors had highly elevated IFP and showed high expression of NRP2, a gene encoding neuropilin-2. CONCLUSION The primary metastatic route of orthotopic human melanoma xenografts and the development of lung and lymph node metastases are influenced significantly by the microvascular and physicochemical microenvironments of the primary tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixia Huang
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lise Mari K. Andersen
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Einar K. Rofstad
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Box 4953, Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway
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12
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Cancer Metabolism and Tumor Heterogeneity: Imaging Perspectives Using MR Imaging and Spectroscopy. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2017; 2017:6053879. [PMID: 29114178 PMCID: PMC5654284 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6053879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells reprogram their metabolism to maintain viability via genetic mutations and epigenetic alterations, expressing overall dynamic heterogeneity. The complex relaxation mechanisms of nuclear spins provide unique and convertible tissue contrasts, making magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) pertinent imaging tools in both clinics and research. In this review, we summarized MR methods that visualize tumor characteristics and its metabolic phenotypes on an anatomical, microvascular, microstructural, microenvironmental, and metabolomics scale. The review will progress from the utilities of basic spin-relaxation contrasts in cancer imaging to more advanced imaging methods that measure tumor-distinctive parameters such as perfusion, water diffusion, magnetic susceptibility, oxygenation, acidosis, redox state, and cell death. Analytical methods to assess tumor heterogeneity are also reviewed in brief. Although the clinical utility of tumor heterogeneity from imaging is debatable, the quantification of tumor heterogeneity using functional and metabolic MR images with development of robust analytical methods and improved MR methods may offer more critical roles of tumor heterogeneity data in clinics. MRI/MRS can also provide insightful information on pharmacometabolomics, biomarker discovery, disease diagnosis and prognosis, and treatment response. With these future directions in mind, we anticipate the widespread utilization of these MR-based techniques in studying in vivo cancer biology to better address significant clinical needs.
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13
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Gravenmier CA, Siddique M, Gatenby RA. Adaptation to Stochastic Temporal Variations in Intratumoral Blood Flow: The Warburg Effect as a Bet Hedging Strategy. Bull Math Biol 2017; 80:954-970. [PMID: 28508297 DOI: 10.1007/s11538-017-0261-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
While most cancers promote ingrowth of host blood vessels, the resulting vascular network usually fails to develop a mature organization, resulting in abnormal vascular dynamics with stochastic variations that include slowing, cessation, and even reversal of flow. Thus, substantial spatial and temporal variations in oxygen concentration are commonly observed in most cancers. Cancer cells, like all living systems, are subject to Darwinian dynamics such that their survival and proliferation are dependent on developing optimal phenotypic adaptations to local environmental conditions. Here, we consider the environmental stresses placed on tumors subject to profound, frequent, but stochastic variations in oxygen concentration as a result of temporal variations in blood flow. While vascular fluctuations will undoubtedly affect local concentrations of a wide range of molecules including growth factors (e.g., estrogen), substrate (oxygen, glucose, etc.), and metabolites ([Formula: see text], we focus on the selection forces that result solely from stochastic fluctuations in oxygen concentration. The glucose metabolism of cancer cells has been investigated for decades following observations that malignant cells ferment glucose regardless of oxygen concentration, a condition termed the Warburg effect. In contrast, normal cells cease fermentation under aerobic conditions and this physiological response is termed the Pasteur effect. Fermentation is markedly inefficient compared to cellular respiration in terms of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production, generating just 2 ATP/glucose, whereas respiration generates 38 ATP/glucose. This inefficiency requires cancer cells to increase glycolytic flux, which subsequently increases acid production and can significantly acidify local tissue. Hence, it initially appears that cancer cells adopt a disadvantageous metabolic phenotype. Indeed, this metabolic "hallmark" of cancer is termed "energy dysregulation." However, if cancers arise through an evolutionary optimization process, any common observed property must confer an adaptive advantage. In the present work, we investigate the hypothesis that aerobic glycolysis represents an adaptation to stochastic variations in oxygen concentration stemming from disordered intratumoral blood flow. Using mathematical models, we demonstrate that the Warburg effect evolves as a conservative metabolic bet hedging strategy in response to stochastic fluctuations of oxygen. Specifically, the Warburg effect sacrifices fitness in physoxia by diverting resources from the more efficient process of respiration, but preemptively adapts cells to hypoxia because fermentation produces ATP anaerobically. An environment with sufficiently stochastic fluctuations of oxygen will select for the bet hedging (Warburg) phenotype since it is modestly successful irrespective of oxygen concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miriam Siddique
- University of South Florida School of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Robert A Gatenby
- Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Dr, Tampa, FL, 33618, USA.
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14
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Abstract
There is interest in identifying and quantifying tumor heterogeneity at the genomic, tissue pathology and clinical imaging scales, as this may help better understand tumor biology and may yield useful biomarkers for guiding therapy-based decision making. This review focuses on the role and value of using x-ray, CT, MRI and PET based imaging methods that identify, measure and map tumor heterogeneity. In particular we highlight the potential value of these techniques and the key challenges required to validate and qualify these biomarkers for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P B O'Connor
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Department of Radiology, The Christie Hospital NHS Trust, Manchester, UK.
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15
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Abstract
Tumours contain multiple different cell populations, including cells derived from the bone marrow as well as cancer-associated fibroblasts and various stromal populations including the vasculature. The microenvironment of the tumour cells plays a significant role in the response of the tumour to radiation treatment. Low levels of oxygen (hypoxia) caused by the poorly organized vasculature in tumours have long been known to affect radiation response; however, other aspects of the microenvironment may also play important roles. This article reviews some of the old literature concerning tumour response to irradiation and relates this to current concepts about the role of the tumour microenvironment in tumour response to radiation treatment. Included in the discussion are the role of cancer stem cells, radiation damage to the vasculature and the potential for radiation to enhance immune activity against tumour cells. Radiation treatment can cause a significant influx of bone marrow-derived cell populations into both normal tissues and tumours. Potential roles of such cells may include enhancing vascular recovery as well as modulating immune reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard P Hill
- 1 Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.,2 Departments of Medical Biophysics and Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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16
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Katti KV. Renaissance of nuclear medicine through green nanotechnology: functionalized radioactive gold nanoparticles in cancer therapy—my journey from chemistry to saving human lives. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-016-4888-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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17
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Nakamura H, Abu Lila AS, Nishio M, Tanaka M, Ando H, Kiwada H, Ishida T. Intra-tumor distribution of PEGylated liposome upon repeated injection: No possession by prior dose. J Control Release 2015; 220:406-413. [PMID: 26548975 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Liposomes have proven to be a viable means for the delivery of chemotherapeutic agents to solid tumors. However, significant variability has been detected in their intra-tumor accumulation and distribution, resulting in compromised therapeutic outcomes. We recently examined the intra-tumor accumulation and distribution of weekly sequentially administered oxaliplatin (l-OHP)-containing PEGylated liposomes. In that study, the first and second doses of l-OHP-containing PEGylated liposomes were distributed diversely and broadly within tumor tissues, resulting in a potent anti-tumor efficacy. However, little is known about the mechanism underlying such a diverse and broad liposome distribution. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated the influence of dosage interval on the intra-tumor accumulation and distribution of "empty" PEGylated liposomes. Intra-tumor distribution of sequentially administered "empty" PEGylated liposomes was altered in a dosing interval-dependent manner. In addition, the intra-tumor distribution pattern was closely related to the chronological alteration of tumor blood flow as well as vascular permeability in the growing tumor tissue. These results suggest that the sequential administrations of PEGylated liposomes in well-spaced intervals might allow the distribution to different areas and enhance the total bulk accumulation within tumor tissue, resulting in better therapeutic efficacy of the encapsulated payload. This study may provide useful information for a better design of therapeutic regimens involving multiple administrations of nanocarrier drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Nakamura
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Amr S Abu Lila
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan; Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Miho Nishio
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Masao Tanaka
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Hidenori Ando
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kiwada
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiro Ishida
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan.
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18
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Jacobs I, Strijkers GJ, Keizer HM, Janssen HM, Nicolay K, Schabel MC. A novel approach to tracer-kinetic modeling for (macromolecular) dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI. Magn Reson Med 2015; 75:1142-53. [PMID: 25846802 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.25704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop a novel tracer-kinetic modeling approach for multi-agent dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) that facilitates separate estimation of parameters characterizing blood flow and microvascular permeability within one individual. METHODS Monte Carlo simulations were performed to investigate the performance of the constrained multi-agent model. Subsequently, multi-agent DCE-MRI was performed on tumor-bearing mice (n = 5) on a 7T Bruker scanner on three measurement days, in which two dendrimer-based contrast agents having high and intermediate molecular weight, respectively, along with gadoterate meglumine, were sequentially injected within one imaging session. Multi-agent data were simultaneously fit with the gamma capillary transit time model. Blood flow, mean capillary transit time, and bolus arrival time were constrained to be identical between the boluses, while extraction fractions and washout rate constants were separately determined for each agent. RESULTS Simulations showed that constrained multi-agent model regressions led to less uncertainty and bias in estimated tracer-kinetic parameters compared with single-bolus modeling. The approach was successfully applied in vivo, and significant differences in the extraction fraction and washout rate constant between the agents, dependent on their molecular weight, were consistently observed. CONCLUSION A novel multi-agent tracer-kinetic modeling approach that enforces self-consistency of model parameters and can robustly characterize tumor vascular status was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Jacobs
- Biomedical NMR, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Gustav J Strijkers
- Biomedical NMR, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands.,Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Klaas Nicolay
- Biomedical NMR, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Matthias C Schabel
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.,Utah Center for Advanced Imaging Research, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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19
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O'Connor JPB, Rose CJ, Waterton JC, Carano RAD, Parker GJM, Jackson A. Imaging intratumor heterogeneity: role in therapy response, resistance, and clinical outcome. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 21:249-57. [PMID: 25421725 PMCID: PMC4688961 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-0990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 415] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tumors exhibit genomic and phenotypic heterogeneity, which has prognostic significance and may influence response to therapy. Imaging can quantify the spatial variation in architecture and function of individual tumors through quantifying basic biophysical parameters such as CT density or MRI signal relaxation rate; through measurements of blood flow, hypoxia, metabolism, cell death, and other phenotypic features; and through mapping the spatial distribution of biochemical pathways and cell signaling networks using PET, MRI, and other emerging molecular imaging techniques. These methods can establish whether one tumor is more or less heterogeneous than another and can identify subregions with differing biology. In this article, we review the image analysis methods currently used to quantify spatial heterogeneity within tumors. We discuss how analysis of intratumor heterogeneity can provide benefit over more simple biomarkers such as tumor size and average function. We consider how imaging methods can be integrated with genomic and pathology data, instead of being developed in isolation. Finally, we identify the challenges that must be overcome before measurements of intratumoral heterogeneity can be used routinely to guide patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P B O'Connor
- CRUK-EPSRC Cancer Imaging Centre in Cambridge and Manchester, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom. Department of Radiology, Christie Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom. james.o'
| | - Chris J Rose
- CRUK-EPSRC Cancer Imaging Centre in Cambridge and Manchester, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - John C Waterton
- CRUK-EPSRC Cancer Imaging Centre in Cambridge and Manchester, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom. R&D Personalised Healthcare and Biomarkers, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, United Kingdom
| | - Richard A D Carano
- Biomedical Imaging Department, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Geoff J M Parker
- CRUK-EPSRC Cancer Imaging Centre in Cambridge and Manchester, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Alan Jackson
- CRUK-EPSRC Cancer Imaging Centre in Cambridge and Manchester, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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20
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Lee JA, Kozikowski RT, Sorg BS. In vivo microscopy of microvessel oxygenation and network connections. Microvasc Res 2014; 98:29-39. [PMID: 25500481 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2014.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal or compromised microvascular function is a key component of various diseases. In vivo microscopy of microvessel function in preclinical models can be useful for the study of a disease state and effects of new treatments. Wide-field imaging of microvascular oxygenation via hemoglobin (Hb) saturation measurements has been applied in various applications alone and in combination with other measures of microvessel function, such as blood flow. However, most current combined imaging methods of microvessel function do not provide direct information on microvessel network connectivity or changes in connections and blood flow pathways. First-pass fluorescence (FPF) imaging of a systemically administered fluorescent contrast agent can be used to directly image blood flow pathways and connections relative to a local supplying arteriole in a quantitative manner through measurement of blood supply time (BST). Here, we demonstrate the utility of information produced by the combination of Hb saturation measurements via spectral imaging with BST measurements via FPF imaging for correlation of microvessel oxygenation with blood flow pathways and connections throughout a local network. Specifically, we show network pathway effects on oxygen transport in normal microvessels, dynamic changes associated with wound healing, and pathological effects of abnormal angiogenesis in tumor growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Lee
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
| | | | - Brian S Sorg
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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21
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Thrombospondin-1 domain-containing peptide properdistatin improves vascular function in human melanoma xenografts. Microvasc Res 2014; 98:159-65. [PMID: 24555949 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2014.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Revised: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Properdistatin is a novel peptide derived from the thrombospondin-1 domain of the plasma protein properdin. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of properdistatin treatment on the morphology and function of tumor vasculature. A-07 human melanoma xenografts grown in dorsal window chambers were used as preclinical model. Tumors were treated with 80 mg/kg/day properdistatin or vehicle for 4 days. Morphologic parameters of tumor vascular networks were assessed from high-resolution transillumination images, and tumor blood supply time and plasma velocities were assessed from first-pass imaging movies recorded after a bolus of 155 kDa tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate-labeled dextran had been administered intravenously. Properdistatin-treated tumors showed reduced density of small-diameter vessels, reduced blood supply time, and increased plasma velocities. In conclusion, properdistatin treatment inhibited angiogenesis and improved vascular function in A-07 tumors.
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Gaustad JV, Simonsen TG, Roa AMA, Rofstad EK. Tumors exposed to acute cyclic hypoxia show increased vessel density and delayed blood supply. Microvasc Res 2013; 85:10-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2012.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Revised: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 11/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Reyes-Aldasoro CC, Björndahl MA, Akerman S, Ibrahim J, Griffiths MK, Tozer GM. Online chromatic and scale-space microvessel-tracing analysis for transmitted light optical images. Microvasc Res 2012; 84:330-9. [PMID: 22982542 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2012.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2012] [Revised: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 09/01/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Limited contrast in transmitted light optical images from intravital microscopy is problematic for analysing tumour vascular morphology. Moreover, in some cases, changes in vasculature are visible to a human observer but are not easy to quantify. In this paper two online algorithms are presented: scale-space vessel tracing and chromatic decomposition for analysis of the vasculature of SW1222 human colorectal carcinoma xenografts growing in dorsal skin-fold "window" chambers in mice. Transmitted light optical images of tumours were obtained from mice treated with the tumour vascular disrupting agent, combretastatin-A-4-phosphate (CA4P), or saline. The tracing algorithm was validated against hand-traced vessels with accurate results. The measurements extracted with the algorithms confirmed the known effects of CA4P on tumour vascular topology. Furthermore, changes in the chromaticity suggest a deoxygenation of the blood with a recovery to initial levels in CA4P-treated tumours relative to the controls. The algorithms can be freely applied to other studies through the CAIMAN website (CAncer IMage ANalysis: http://www.caiman.org.uk).
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantino Carlos Reyes-Aldasoro
- Biomedical Engineering Research Group, Department of Engineering and Design, 2B10 Shawcross Building, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9QT, UK.
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Gaustad JV, Simonsen TG, Leinaas MN, Rofstad EK. Sunitinib treatment does not improve blood supply but induces hypoxia in human melanoma xenografts. BMC Cancer 2012; 12:388. [PMID: 22947392 PMCID: PMC3489843 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-12-388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2012] [Accepted: 08/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Antiangiogenic agents that disrupt the vascular endothelial growth factor pathway have been demonstrated to normalize tumor vasculature and improve tumor oxygenation in some studies and to induce hypoxia in others. The aim of this preclinical study was to investigate the effect of sunitinib treatment on the morphology and function of tumor vasculature and on tumor oxygenation. Methods A-07-GFP and R-18-GFP human melanoma xenografts grown in dorsal window chambers were used as preclinical tumor models. Morphologic parameters of tumor vascular networks were assessed from high-resolution transillumination images, and tumor blood supply time was assessed from first-pass imaging movies recorded after a bolus of 155 kDa tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate-labeled dextran had been administered intravenously. Tumor hypoxia was assessed from immunohistochemical preparations of the imaged tissue by use of pimonidazole as a hypoxia marker. Results Sunitinib treatment reduced vessel densities, increased vessel segment lengths, did not affect blood supply times, and increased hypoxic area fractions. Conclusion Sunitinib treatment did not improve vascular function but induced hypoxia in A-07-GFP and R-18-GFP tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon-Vidar Gaustad
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, Norway.
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Gaustad JV, Simonsen TG, Leinaas MN, Rofstad EK. A novel application of dorsal window chambers: Repetitive imaging of tumor-associated lymphatics. Microvasc Res 2012; 83:360-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2012.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2011] [Revised: 01/19/2012] [Accepted: 02/01/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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26
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Dinosaurs and ancient civilizations: reflections on the treatment of cancer. Neoplasia 2011; 12:957-68. [PMID: 21170260 DOI: 10.1593/neo.101588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2010] [Revised: 11/15/2010] [Accepted: 11/15/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Research efforts in the area of palaeopathology have been seen as an avenue to improve our understanding of the pathogenesis of cancer. Answers to questions of whether dinosaurs had cancer, or if cancer plagued ancient civilizations, have captured the imagination as well as the popular media. Evidence for dinosaurian cancer may indicate that cancer may have been with us from the dawn of time. Ancient recorded history suggests that past civilizations attempted to fight cancer with a variety of interventions. When contemplating the issue why a generalized cure for cancer has not been found, it might prove useful to reflect on the relatively limited time that this issue has been an agenda item of governmental attention as well as continued introduction of an every evolving myriad of manmade carcinogens relative to the total time cancer has been present on planet Earth. This article reflects on the history of cancer and the progress made following the initiation of the "era of cancer chemotherapy."
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27
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Magat J, Jordan BF, Cron GO, Gallez B. Noninvasive mapping of spontaneous fluctuations in tumor oxygenation using F19 MRI. Med Phys 2010; 37:5434-41. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3484056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Rofstad EK, Gaustad JV, Egeland TAM, Mathiesen B, Galappathi K. Tumors exposed to acute cyclic hypoxic stress show enhanced angiogenesis, perfusion and metastatic dissemination. Int J Cancer 2010; 127:1535-46. [PMID: 20091868 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.25176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Clinical studies have shown that patients with highly hypoxic primary tumors may have poor disease-free and overall survival rates. Studies of experimental tumors have revealed that acutely hypoxic cells may be more metastatic than normoxic or chronically hypoxic cells. In the present work, causal relations between acute cyclic hypoxia and metastasis were studied by periodically exposing BALB/c nu/nu mice bearing A-07 human melanoma xenografts to a low oxygen atmosphere. The hypoxia treatment consisted of 12 cycles of 10 min of 8% O(2) in N(2) followed by 10 min of air for a total of 4 hr, began on the first day after tumor cell inoculation and was given daily until the tumors reached a volume of 100 mm(3). Twenty-four hours after the last hypoxia exposure, the primary tumors were subjected to dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging for assessment of blood perfusion before being resected and processed for immunohistochemical examinations of microvascular density and expression of proangiogenic factors. Mice exposed to acute cyclic hypoxia showed increased incidence of pulmonary metastases, and the primary tumors of these mice showed increased blood perfusion, microvascular density and vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) expression; whereas, the expression of interleukin-8, platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor was unchanged. The increased pulmonary metastasis was most likely a consequence of hypoxia-induced VEGF-A upregulation, which resulted in increased angiogenic activity and blood perfusion in the primary tumor and thus facilitated tumor cell intravasation and hematogenous transport into the general circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Einar K Rofstad
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
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The War on Cancer rages on. Neoplasia 2010; 11:1252-63. [PMID: 20019833 DOI: 10.1593/neo.91866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2009] [Revised: 11/03/2009] [Accepted: 11/03/2009] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In 1971, the "War on Cancer" was launched by the US government to cure cancer by the 200-year anniversary of the founding of the United States of America, 1976. This article briefly looks back at the progress that has been made in cancer research and compares progress made in other areas of human affliction. While progress has indeed been made, the battle continues to rage on.
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Simonsen TG, Gaustad JV, Rofstad EK. Development of hypoxia in a preclinical model of tumor micrometastases. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2010; 76:879-88. [PMID: 20159362 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2009.09.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2009] [Revised: 08/27/2009] [Accepted: 09/26/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hypoxic regions have been shown to be a characteristic feature of a wide variety of human primary tumors, whereas the oxygenation status of subclinical micrometastases is in general unknown. The development of hypoxia in a xenograft model of microscopic metastases was investigated in this study. METHODS AND MATERIALS U-25-GFP human melanomas growing in dorsal window chamber preparations in BALB/c nu/nu mice were used as a preclinical model of micrometastases. Tumor blood supply time and morphologic parameters of the vascular network were determined from first-pass imaging movies and vascular maps recorded by use of 155-kDa tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate-labeled dextran as a vascular tracer. Tumor hypoxia was assessed from immunohistochemical preparations of the imaged tissue by use of pimonidazole as a hypoxia marker. RESULTS Nearly half of the tumors had developed hypoxic regions when they reached a diameter of 2 to 3 mm. Tumors with multiple hypoxic foci showed a low growth rate, low blood flow velocity, high vessel tortuosity, high vessel segment length, and high vascular density, whereas tumors with a single hypoxic region showed a high growth rate, high blood flow velocity, low vessel tortuosity, low vessel segment length, and low vascular density. The tumors with hypoxic regions did not differ from those without hypoxia in any single parameter. CONCLUSIONS U-25-GFP xenograft models of vascularized human tumor micrometastases may develop hypoxic regions as a consequence of two distinctly different morphologic abnormalities in the vascular network: high resistance against blood flow (i.e., high vessel tortuosity and high vessel segment length) or low vascular density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trude G Simonsen
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Hughes EL, Gavins FN. Troubleshooting methods: Using intravital microscopy in drug research. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2010; 61:102-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2010.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2009] [Revised: 01/12/2010] [Accepted: 01/14/2010] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Radiocurability is associated with interstitial fluid pressure in human tumor xenografts. Neoplasia 2010; 11:1243-51. [PMID: 19881960 DOI: 10.1593/neo.91152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2009] [Revised: 08/03/2009] [Accepted: 08/04/2009] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Interstitial fluid pressure (IFP) has been shown to be an independent prognostic parameter for disease-free survival in cervical carcinoma patients treated with radiation therapy. However, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. The main aims of this study were to investigate whether tumor radiocurability may be associated with IFP and, if so, to identify possible mechanisms. Human melanoma xenografts transplanted intradermally or in window chamber preparations in BALB/c nu/nu mice were used as preclinical tumor models. Radiation dose resulting in 50% local tumor control was higher by a factor of 1.19 +/- 0.06 in tumors with IFP > or = 9 mm Hg than in tumors with IFP < or = 7 mm Hg. Tumor IFP was positively correlated to vessel segment length and vessel tortuosity and was inversely correlated to vessel density. Compared with tumors with low IFP, tumors with high IFP showed high resistance to blood flow, high frequency of Po(2) fluctuations, and high fractions of acutely hypoxic cells, whereas the fraction of radiobiologically hypoxic cells and the fraction of chronically hypoxic cells did not differ between tumors with high and tumors with low IFP. IFP showed a significant correlation to the fraction of acutely hypoxic cells, probably because both parameters were determined primarily by the microvascular resistance to blood flow. Therefore, the observed association between tumor radiocurability and IFP was most likely an indirect consequence of a strong relationship between IFP and the fraction of acutely hypoxic cells.
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Lunt SJ, Gray C, Reyes-Aldasoro CC, Matcher SJ, Tozer GM. Application of intravital microscopy in studies of tumor microcirculation. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2010; 15:011113. [PMID: 20210439 DOI: 10.1117/1.3281674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
To grow and progress, solid tumors develop a vascular network through co-option and angiogenesis that is characterized by multiple structural and functional abnormalities, which negatively influence therapeutic outcome through direct and indirect mechanisms. As such, the morphology and function of tumor blood vessels, plus their response to different treatments, are a vital and active area of biological research. Intravital microscopy (IVM) has played a key role in studies of tumor angiogenesis, and ongoing developments in molecular probes, imaging techniques, and postimage analysis methods have ensured its continued and widespread use. In this review we discuss some of the primary advantages and disadvantages of IVM approaches and describe recent technological advances in optical microscopy (e.g., confocal microscopy, multiphoton microscopy, hyperspectral imaging, and optical coherence tomography) with examples of their application to studies of tumor angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Jane Lunt
- University of Sheffield, School of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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Wankhede M, Agarwal N, Fraga-Silva RA, deDeugd C, Raizada MK, Oh SP, Sorg BS. Spectral imaging reveals microvessel physiology and function from anastomoses to thromboses. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2010; 15:011111. [PMID: 20210437 PMCID: PMC2917463 DOI: 10.1117/1.3316299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2009] [Revised: 12/15/2009] [Accepted: 12/15/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal microvascular physiology and function is common in many diseases. Numerous pathologies include hypervascularity, aberrant angiogenesis, or abnormal vascular remodeling among the characteristic features of the disease, and quantitative imaging and measurement of microvessel function can be important to increase understanding of these diseases. Several optical techniques are useful for direct imaging of microvascular function. Spectral imaging is one such technique that can be used to assess microvascular oxygen transport function with high spatial and temporal resolution in microvessel networks through measurements of hemoglobin saturation. We highlight novel observation made with our intravital microscopy spectral imaging system employed with mouse dorsal skin-fold window chambers for imaging hemoglobin saturation in microvessel networks. Specifically, we image acute oxygenation fluctuations in a tumor microvessel network, the development of arteriovenous malformations in a mouse model of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, and the formation of spontaneous and induced microvascular thromboses and occlusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamta Wankhede
- University of Florida, College of Engineering, J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, Gainesville, Florida 32611-6131, USA
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Abstract
The successful growth of a metastasis, by definition, requires the presence of at least 1 cancer stem cell. Metastasis is a complex process, and an important contributor to this process is the influence of the tissue microenvironment, both cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions and the pathophysiologic conditions in tumors, such as hypoxia. A number of studies have suggested that normal stem cells may reside in "niches," where cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions can provide critical signals to support and maintain the undifferentiated phenotype of the stem cells. In this article, the evidence that these niches may be hypoxic is described, and the potential role that hypoxia may play in maintaining the stem cell phenotype in cancers is discussed. Recent work has suggested that there may be a linkage between the stem cell phenotype and that induced by the process of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). EMT plays an important role in cell movement and organ formation during embryogenesis, and it is currently hypothesized to be a major mechanism by which epithelial cancers may generate cells that can form metastases. Recent evidence suggests that the expression of certain genes involved in EMT is influenced by low oxygen levels, again suggesting a linkage between stem cells and hypoxia. Whether this supposition is correct remains an open question that will only be answered by further experimentation, but the potential role of hypoxia is critical because of its widespread existence in tumors and its known role in resistance to both radiation and drug treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard P Hill
- Division of Applied Molecular Oncology, Ontario Cancer Institute/Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Blood supply in melanoma xenografts is governed by the morphology of the supplying arteries. Neoplasia 2009; 11:277-85. [PMID: 19242609 DOI: 10.1593/neo.81400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2008] [Revised: 12/04/2008] [Accepted: 12/04/2008] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor blood supply was related to the morphology of the tumor microvasculature and the supplying arteries (SAs) of A-07-GFP and D-12-GFP melanoma xenografts growing in window chamber preparations in BALB/c nu/nu mice. Blood supply and morphologic parameters were determined from first-pass imaging movies and vascular maps recorded after a bolus of 155-kDa tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate-labeled dextran had been administered intravenously. Poorly supplied tumors showed microvascular networks that did not differ from those of well-supplied tumors in vessel tortuosity, diameter, and density. Conversely, the SAs of poorly supplied tumors were more tortuous and had a smaller diameter than those of well-supplied tumors, resulting in lower plasma velocities in the downstream tumor vessels. Consequently, the blood supply of A-07-GFP and D-12-GFP tumors was governed by the geometric resistance of the SAs rather than by the geometric resistance or the vessel density of the tumor microvasculature. The present study suggests that the SAs may represent an important target for physiological interventions of tumors and that it may be beneficial to focus on the tumor SAs rather than the tumor microvasculature when searching for novel therapeutic strategies for modifying tumor blood supply.
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Neoplasia: the second decade. Neoplasia 2009; 10:1314-24. [PMID: 19048110 DOI: 10.1593/neo.81372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2008] [Revised: 10/27/2008] [Accepted: 10/27/2008] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This issue marks the end of the 10-year anniversary of Neoplasia where we have seen exciting growth in both number of submitted and published articles in Neoplasia. Neoplasia was first published in 1999. During the past 10 years, Neoplasia has dynamically adapted to the needs of the cancer research community as technologies have advanced. Neoplasia is currently providing access to articles through PubMed Central to continue to facilitate rapid broad-based dissemination of published findings to the scientific community through an Open Access model. This has in part helped Neoplasia to achieve an improved impact factor this past year, demonstrating that the manuscripts published by Neoplasia are of great interest to the overall cancer research community. This past year, Neoplasia received a record number of articles for review and has had a 21% increase in the number of published articles.
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Progression and metastasis in a transgenic mouse breast cancer model: effects of exposure to in vivo hypoxia. Cancer Lett 2009; 282:98-108. [PMID: 19356843 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2009.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2008] [Revised: 02/27/2009] [Accepted: 03/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia is a predictor of poor patient survival in several cancers, including breast carcinomas. One possible mechanism is genomic instability induced by oxic stress. In this study we examined this possible mechanism by exposing an in vivo breast cancer model to hypoxia/reoxygenation. MMTV-Neu transgenic mice were exposed to cycling acute (AH) or chronic hypoxia (CH) before (early) or after (late) tumour detection to study effects of hypoxia on tumour initiation and progression, respectively. We observed no effect of the hypoxic exposures on times to first tumour detection, but we saw a trend of early AH-exposed mice to develop more tumours and macrometastases than CH-exposed mice. Unexpectedly, but consistent with these findings, we observed significantly reduced 8-oxo-dG lesions levels in the mammary tissue with the greatest difference observed between the air control (AC) and AH-exposed groups. In the late gassing group, there was a similar trend for reduced 8-oxo-dG lesion levels, but interestingly mice that developed macroscopic lung metastases demonstrated significantly increased levels of 8-oxo-dG lesions in their tumours relative to those that did not, irrespective of the gassing exposure. A trend for increased macrophage content was observed in tumours from mice exposed to acute hypoxia. Our results indicate that oxic stress induced by hypoxia/reoxygenation is unlikely to be a major factor driving tumour progression of established MMTV-Neu tumours but suggest that acute and chronic hypoxia may affect tumour incidence and metastasis when applied prior to tumour development.
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