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Sun L, Li Z, Shu P, Lu M. N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase GALNT6 is a potential therapeutic target of clear cell renal cell carcinoma progression. Cancer Sci 2024. [PMID: 39105355 DOI: 10.1111/cas.16296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
High expression of truncated O-glycans Tn antigen predicts adverse clinical outcome in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). To understand the biosynthetic underpinnings of Tn antigen changes in ccRCC, we focused on N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferases (GALNTs, also known as GalNAcTs) known to be involved in Tn antigen synthesis. Data from GSE15641 profile and local cohort showed that GALNT6 was significantly upregulated in ccRCC tissues. The current study aimed to determine the role of GALNT6 in ccRCC, and whether GALNT6-mediated O-glycosylation aggravates malignant behaviors. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments showed that overexpression of GALNT6 accelerated ccRCC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, as well as promoted ccRCC-derived xenograft tumor growth and lung metastasis. In line with this, silencing of GALNT6 yielded the opposite results. Mechanically, high expression of GALNT6 led to the accumulation of Tn antigen in ccRCC cells. By undertaking immunoprecipitation coupled with liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry, vicia villosa agglutinin blot, and site-directed mutagenesis assays, we found that O-glycosylation of prohibitin 2 (PHB2) at Ser161 was required for the GALNT6-induced ccRCC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Additionally, we identified lens epithelium-derived growth factor (LEDGF) as a key regulator of GALNT6 transcriptional induction in ccRCC growth and an upstream contributor to ccRCC aggressive behavior. Collectively, our findings indicate that GALNT6-mediated abnormal O-glycosylation promotes ccRCC progression, which provides a potential therapeutic target in ccRCC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luhaoran Sun
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zeyu Li
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Peng Shu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Min Lu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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2
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Zhang X, Ma L, Xue M, Sun Y, Wang Z. Advances in lymphatic metastasis of non-small cell lung cancer. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:201. [PMID: 38566083 PMCID: PMC10986052 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01574-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is a deeply malignant tumor with high incidence and mortality. Despite the rapid development of diagnosis and treatment technology, abundant patients with lung cancer are still inevitably faced with recurrence and metastasis, contributing to death. Lymphatic metastasis is the first step of distant metastasis and an important prognostic indicator of non-small cell lung cancer. Tumor-induced lymphangiogenesis is involved in the construction of the tumor microenvironment, except promoting malignant proliferation and metastasis of tumor cells, it also plays a crucial role in individual response to treatment, especially immunotherapy. Thus, this article reviews the current research status of lymphatic metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer, in order to provide some insights for the basic research and clinical and translational application in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Zhang
- Cancer Medical Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210011, China
| | - Li Ma
- Cancer Medical Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210011, China
| | - Man Xue
- Cancer Medical Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210011, China
| | - Yanning Sun
- Cancer Medical Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210011, China
| | - Zhaoxia Wang
- Cancer Medical Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210011, China.
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3
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Hu Z, Zhao X, Wu Z, Qu B, Yuan M, Xing Y, Song Y, Wang Z. Lymphatic vessel: origin, heterogeneity, biological functions, and therapeutic targets. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:9. [PMID: 38172098 PMCID: PMC10764842 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01723-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Lymphatic vessels, comprising the secondary circulatory system in human body, play a multifaceted role in maintaining homeostasis among various tissues and organs. They are tasked with a serious of responsibilities, including the regulation of lymph absorption and transport, the orchestration of immune surveillance and responses. Lymphatic vessel development undergoes a series of sophisticated regulatory signaling pathways governing heterogeneous-origin cell populations stepwise to assemble into the highly specialized lymphatic vessel networks. Lymphangiogenesis, as defined by new lymphatic vessels sprouting from preexisting lymphatic vessels/embryonic veins, is the main developmental mechanism underlying the formation and expansion of lymphatic vessel networks in an embryo. However, abnormal lymphangiogenesis could be observed in many pathological conditions and has a close relationship with the development and progression of various diseases. Mechanistic studies have revealed a set of lymphangiogenic factors and cascades that may serve as the potential targets for regulating abnormal lymphangiogenesis, to further modulate the progression of diseases. Actually, an increasing number of clinical trials have demonstrated the promising interventions and showed the feasibility of currently available treatments for future clinical translation. Targeting lymphangiogenic promoters or inhibitors not only directly regulates abnormal lymphangiogenesis, but improves the efficacy of diverse treatments. In conclusion, we present a comprehensive overview of lymphatic vessel development and physiological functions, and describe the critical involvement of abnormal lymphangiogenesis in multiple diseases. Moreover, we summarize the targeting therapeutic values of abnormal lymphangiogenesis, providing novel perspectives for treatment strategy of multiple human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoliang Hu
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, 155 North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Xushi Zhao
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, 155 North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Zhonghua Wu
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, 155 North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Bicheng Qu
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, 155 North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Minxian Yuan
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, 155 North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Yanan Xing
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, 155 North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, China.
| | - Yongxi Song
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, 155 North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, China.
| | - Zhenning Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, 155 North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, China.
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4
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Mac M, DeVico BM, Raspanti SM, Moody CA. The SETD2 Methyltransferase Supports Productive HPV31 Replication through the LEDGF/CtIP/Rad51 Pathway. J Virol 2023; 97:e0020123. [PMID: 37154769 PMCID: PMC10231177 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00201-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The human papillomavirus (HPV) life cycle takes place in the stratified epithelium, with the productive phase being activated by epithelial differentiation. The HPV genome is histone-associated, and the life cycle is epigenetically regulated, in part, by histone tail modifications that facilitate the recruitment of DNA repair factors that are required for viral replication. We previously showed that the SETD2 methyltransferase facilitates the productive replication of HPV31 through the trimethylation of H3K36 on viral chromatin. SETD2 regulates numerous cellular processes, including DNA repair via homologous recombination (HR) and alternative splicing, through the recruitment of various effectors to histone H3 lysine 36 trimethylation (H3K36me3). We previously demonstrated that the HR factor Rad51 is recruited to HPV31 genomes and is required for productive replication; however, the mechanism of Rad51 recruitment has not been defined. SET domain containing 2 (SETD2) promotes the HR repair of double-strand breaks (DSBs) in actively transcribed genes through the recruitment of carboxy-terminal binding protein (CtBP)-interacting protein (CtIP) to lens epithelium-derived growth factor (LEDGF)-bound H3K36me3, which promotes DNA end resection and thereby allows for the recruitment of Rad51 to damaged sites. In this study, we found that reducing H3K36me3 through the depletion of SETD2 or the overexpression of an H3.3K36M mutant leads to an increase in γH2AX, which is a marker of damage, on viral DNA upon epithelial differentiation. This is coincident with decreased Rad51 binding. Additionally, LEDGF and CtIP are bound to HPV DNA in a SETD2-dependent and H3K36me3-dependent manner, and they are required for productive replication. Furthermore, CtIP depletion increases DNA damage on viral DNA and blocks Rad51 recruitment upon differentiation. Overall, these studies indicate that H3K36me3 enrichment on transcriptionally active viral genes promotes the rapid repair of viral DNA upon differentiation through the LEDGF-CtIP-Rad51 axis. IMPORTANCE The productive phase of the HPV life cycle is restricted to the differentiating cells of the stratified epithelium. The HPV genome is histone-associated and subject to epigenetic regulation, though the manner in which epigenetic modifications contribute to productive replication is largely undefined. In this study, we demonstrate that SETD2-mediated H3K36me3 on HPV31 chromatin promotes productive replication through the repair of damaged DNA. We show that SETD2 facilitates the recruitment of the homologous recombination repair factors CtIP and Rad51 to viral DNA through LEDGF binding to H3K36me3. CtIP is recruited to damaged viral DNA upon differentiation, and, in turn, recruits Rad51. This likely occurs through the end resection of double-strand breaks. SETD2 trimethylates H3K36me3 during transcription, and active transcription is necessary for Rad51 recruitment to viral DNA. We propose that the enrichment of SETD2-mediated H3K36me3 on transcriptionally active viral genes upon differentiation facilitates the repair of damaged viral DNA during the productive phase of the viral life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Mac
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Brianna M. DeVico
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sophia M. Raspanti
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Cary A. Moody
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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5
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Laskowski L, Williams D, Seymour C, Mothersill C. Environmental and industrial developments in radiation cataractogenesis. Int J Radiat Biol 2020; 98:1074-1082. [PMID: 32396040 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2020.1767820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: This review discusses recent developments in our understanding of biological and physiological mechanisms underlying radiation cataractogenesis. The areas discussed include effects of low-dose exposures to the lens including potential relevance of non-targeted effects, the development of new personal-protective equipment (PPE) and standards in clinical and nuclear settings motivated by the updated ICRP recommendations to mitigate exposures to the lens of the eye. The review also looks at evidence from the field linking cataracts in birds and mammals to low dose exposures.Conclusions: The review suggests that there is evidence that cataractogenesis is not a tissue reaction (deterministic effect) but rather is a low dose effect which shows a saturable dose response relationship similar to that seen for non-targeted effects in general. The review concludes that new research is needed to determine the dose response relationship in environmental studies where field data are contradictory and lab studies confined to rodent models for human exposure studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Laskowski
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - David Williams
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambrige, UK
| | - Colin Seymour
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
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6
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Cohen B, Tempelhof H, Raz T, Oren R, Nicenboim J, Bochner F, Even R, Jelinski A, Eilam R, Ben-Dor S, Adaddi Y, Golani O, Lazar S, Yaniv K, Neeman M. BACH family members regulate angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis by modulating VEGFC expression. Life Sci Alliance 2020; 3:e202000666. [PMID: 32132179 PMCID: PMC7063472 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202000666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis are key processes during embryogenesis as well as under physiological and pathological conditions. Vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGFC), the ligand for both VEGFR2 and VEGFR3, is a central lymphangiogenic regulator that also drives angiogenesis. Here, we report that members of the highly conserved BACH (BTB and CNC homology) family of transcription factors regulate VEGFC expression, through direct binding to its promoter. Accordingly, down-regulation of bach2a hinders blood vessel formation and impairs lymphatic sprouting in a Vegfc-dependent manner during zebrafish embryonic development. In contrast, BACH1 overexpression enhances intratumoral blood vessel density and peritumoral lymphatic vessel diameter in ovarian and lung mouse tumor models. The effects on the vascular compartment correlate spatially and temporally with BACH1 transcriptional regulation of VEGFC expression. Altogether, our results uncover a novel role for the BACH/VEGFC signaling axis in lymphatic formation during embryogenesis and cancer, providing a novel potential target for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Batya Cohen
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Hanoch Tempelhof
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Tal Raz
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Roni Oren
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Julian Nicenboim
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Filip Bochner
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ron Even
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Adam Jelinski
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Raya Eilam
- Department of Veterinary Resources, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Shifra Ben-Dor
- Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yoseph Adaddi
- Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ofra Golani
- Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Shlomi Lazar
- Department of Pharmacology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Karina Yaniv
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Michal Neeman
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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7
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Ortiz-Hernandez GL, Sanchez-Hernandez ES, Casiano CA. Twenty years of research on the DFS70/LEDGF autoantibody-autoantigen system: many lessons learned but still many questions. AUTOIMMUNITY HIGHLIGHTS 2020; 11:3. [PMID: 32127038 PMCID: PMC7065333 DOI: 10.1186/s13317-020-0126-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The discovery and initial characterization 20 years ago of antinuclear autoantibodies (ANAs) presenting a dense fine speckled (DFS) nuclear pattern with strong staining of mitotic chromosomes, detected by indirect immunofluorescence assay in HEp-2 cells (HEp-2 IIFA test), has transformed our view on ANAs. Traditionally, ANAs have been considered as reporters of abnormal immunological events associated with the onset and progression of systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARD), also called ANA-associated rheumatic diseases (AARD), as well as clinical biomarkers for the differential diagnosis of these diseases. However, based on our current knowledge, it is not apparent that autoantibodies presenting the DFS IIF pattern fall into these categories. These antibodies invariably target a chromatin-associated protein designated as dense fine speckled protein of 70 kD (DFS70), also known as lens epithelium-derived growth factor protein of 75 kD (LEDGF/p75) and PC4 and SFRS1 Interacting protein 1 (PSIP1). This multi-functional protein, hereafter referred to as DFS70/LEDGF, plays important roles in the formation of transcription complexes in active chromatin, transcriptional activation of specific genes, regulation of mRNA splicing, DNA repair, and cellular survival against stress. Due to its multiple functions, it has emerged as a key protein contributing to several human pathologies, including acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), leukemia, cancer, ocular diseases, and Rett syndrome. Unlike other ANAs, "monospecific" anti-DFS70/LEDGF autoantibodies (only detectable ANA in serum) are not associated with SARD and have been detected in healthy individuals and some patients with non-SARD inflammatory conditions. These observations have led to the hypotheses that these antibodies could be considered as negative biomarkers of SARD and might even play a protective or beneficial role. In spite of 20 years of research on this autoantibody-autoantigen system, its biological and clinical significance still remains enigmatic. Here we review the current state of knowledge of this system, focusing on the lessons learned and posing emerging questions that await further scrutiny as we continue our quest to unravel its significance and potential clinical and therapeutic utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greisha L Ortiz-Hernandez
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA.,Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, USA
| | - Evelyn S Sanchez-Hernandez
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA.,Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, USA
| | - Carlos A Casiano
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA. .,Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, USA. .,Department of Medicine/Division of Rheumatology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, USA.
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8
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Trincot C, Caron KM. Lymphatic Function and Dysfunction in the Context of Sex Differences. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2019; 2:311-324. [PMID: 32259065 PMCID: PMC7089000 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.9b00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial cells are the building blocks of the blood vascular system and exhibit well-characterized sexually dimorphic phenotypes with regard to chromosomal and hormonal sex, imparting innate genetic and physiological differences between male and female vascular systems and cardiovascular disease. However, even though females are predominantly affected by disorders of lymphatic vascular function, we lack a comprehensive understanding of the effects of sex and sex hormones on lymphatic growth, function, and dysfunction. Here, we attempt to comprehensively evaluate the current understanding of sex as a biological variable influencing lymphatic biology. We first focus on elucidating innate and fundamental differences between the sexes in lymphatic function and development. Next, we delve into lymphatic disease and explore the potential underpinnings toward bias prevalence in the female population. Lastly, we incorporate more broadly the role of the lymphatic system in sex-biased diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, reproductive disorders, and autoimmune diseases to explore whether and how sex differences may influence lymphatic function in the context of these pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire
E. Trincot
- Department of Cell Biology
and Physiology, University of North Carolina
Chapel Hill, 111 Mason Farm Road, 6312B Medical Biomolecular Research Building,
CB#7545, Chapel Hill, North
Carolina 27599-7545, United States
| | - Kathleen M. Caron
- Department of Cell Biology
and Physiology, University of North Carolina
Chapel Hill, 111 Mason Farm Road, 6312B Medical Biomolecular Research Building,
CB#7545, Chapel Hill, North
Carolina 27599-7545, United States
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9
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Beaini S, Saliba Y, Hajal J, Smayra V, Bakhos JJ, Joubran N, Chelala D, Fares N. VEGF-C attenuates renal damage in salt-sensitive hypertension. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:9616-9630. [PMID: 30378108 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Salt-sensitive hypertension is a major risk factor for renal impairment leading to chronic kidney disease. High-salt diet leads to hypertonic skin interstitial volume retention enhancing the activation of the tonicity-responsive enhancer-binding protein (TonEBP) within macrophages leading to vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C) secretion and NOS3 modulation. This promotes skin lymphangiogenesis and blood pressure regulation. Whether VEGF-C administration enhances renal and skin lymphangiogenesis and attenuates renal damage in salt-sensitive hypertension remains to be elucidated. Hypertension was induced in BALB/c mice by a high-salt diet. VEGF-C was administered subcutaneously to high-salt-treated mice as well as control animals. Analyses of kidney injury, inflammation, fibrosis, and biochemical markers were performed in vivo. VEGF-C reduced plasma inflammatory markers in salt-treated mice. In addition, VEGF-C exhibited a renal anti-inflammatory effect with the induction of macrophage M2 phenotype, followed by reductions in interstitial fibrosis. Antioxidant enzymes within the kidney as well as urinary RNA/DNA damage markers were all revelatory of abolished oxidative stress under VEGF-C. Furthermore, VEGF-C decreased the urinary albumin/creatinine ratio and blood pressure as well as glomerular and tubular damages. These improvements were associated with enhanced TonEBP, NOS3, and lymphangiogenesis within the kidney and skin. Our data show that VEGF-C administration plays a major role in preserving renal histology and reducing blood pressure. VEGF-C might constitute an interesting potential therapeutic target for improving renal remodeling in salt-sensitive hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadia Beaini
- Physiology and Pathophysiology Research Laboratory, Pole of Technology and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Youakim Saliba
- Physiology and Pathophysiology Research Laboratory, Pole of Technology and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Joelle Hajal
- Physiology and Pathophysiology Research Laboratory, Pole of Technology and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Viviane Smayra
- Divisions of Nephrology and Anatomopathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hotel Dieu de France Hospital, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Jules-Joel Bakhos
- Physiology and Pathophysiology Research Laboratory, Pole of Technology and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Najat Joubran
- Division of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Saint Georges Hospital, Balamand University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Dania Chelala
- Divisions of Nephrology and Anatomopathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hotel Dieu de France Hospital, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nassim Fares
- Physiology and Pathophysiology Research Laboratory, Pole of Technology and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
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10
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Karim ME, Tha KK, Othman I, Borhan Uddin M, Chowdhury EH. Therapeutic Potency of Nanoformulations of siRNAs and shRNAs in Animal Models of Cancers. Pharmaceutics 2018; 10:E65. [PMID: 29861465 PMCID: PMC6026921 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10020065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA Interference (RNAi) has brought revolutionary transformations in cancer management in the past two decades. RNAi-based therapeutics including siRNA and shRNA have immense scope to silence the expression of mutant cancer genes specifically in a therapeutic context. Although tremendous progress has been made to establish catalytic RNA as a new class of biologics for cancer management, a lot of extracellular and intracellular barriers still pose a long-lasting challenge on the way to clinical approval. A series of chemically suitable, safe and effective viral and non-viral carriers have emerged to overcome physiological barriers and ensure targeted delivery of RNAi. The newly invented carriers, delivery techniques and gene editing technology made current treatment protocols stronger to fight cancer. This review has provided a platform about the chronicle of siRNA development and challenges of RNAi therapeutics for laboratory to bedside translation focusing on recent advancement in siRNA delivery vehicles with their limitations. Furthermore, an overview of several animal model studies of siRNA- or shRNA-based cancer gene therapy over the past 15 years has been presented, highlighting the roles of genes in multiple cancers, pharmacokinetic parameters and critical evaluation. The review concludes with a future direction for the development of catalytic RNA vehicles and design strategies to make RNAi-based cancer gene therapy more promising to surmount cancer gene delivery challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Emranul Karim
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Kyi Kyi Tha
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Iekhsan Othman
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Mohammad Borhan Uddin
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Ezharul Hoque Chowdhury
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
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11
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Ríos-Colón L, Cajigas-Du Ross CK, Basu A, Elix C, Alicea-Polanco I, Sanchez TW, Radhakrishnan V, Chen CS, Casiano CA. Targeting the stress oncoprotein LEDGF/p75 to sensitize chemoresistant prostate cancer cells to taxanes. Oncotarget 2018; 8:24915-24931. [PMID: 28212536 PMCID: PMC5421899 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is associated with chronic prostate inflammation resulting in activation of stress and pro-survival pathways that contribute to disease progression and chemoresistance. The stress oncoprotein lens epithelium-derived growth factor p75 (LEDGF/p75), also known as DFS70 autoantigen, promotes cellular survival against environmental stressors, including oxidative stress, radiation, and cytotoxic drugs. Furthermore, LEDGF/p75 overexpression in PCa and other cancers has been associated with features of tumor aggressiveness, including resistance to cell death and chemotherapy. We report here that the endogenous levels of LEDGF/p75 are upregulated in metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) cells selected for resistance to the taxane drug docetaxel (DTX). These cells also showed resistance to the taxanes cabazitaxel (CBZ) and paclitaxel (PTX), but not to the classical inducer of apoptosis TRAIL. Silencing LEDGF/p75 effectively sensitized taxane-resistant PC3 and DU145 cells to DTX and CBZ, as evidenced by a significant decrease in their clonogenic potential. While TRAIL induced apoptotic blebbing, caspase-3 processing, and apoptotic LEDGF/p75 cleavage, which leads to its inactivation, in both taxane-resistant and -sensitive PC3 and DU145 cells, treatment with DTX and CBZ failed to robustly induce these signature apoptotic events. These observations suggested that taxanes induce both caspase-dependent and -independent cell death in mCRPC cells, and that maintaining the structural integrity of LEDGF/p75 is critical for its role in promoting taxane-resistance. Our results further establish LEDGF/p75 as a stress oncoprotein that plays an important role in taxane-resistance in mCRPC cells, possibly by antagonizing drug-induced caspase-independent cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslimar Ríos-Colón
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Christina K Cajigas-Du Ross
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Anamika Basu
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Catherine Elix
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Ivana Alicea-Polanco
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Tino W Sanchez
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Vinodh Radhakrishnan
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Chien-Shing Chen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Carlos A Casiano
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
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12
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Singh DK, Gholamalamdari O, Jadaliha M, Ling Li X, Lin YC, Zhang Y, Guang S, Hashemikhabir S, Tiwari S, Zhu YJ, Khan A, Thomas A, Chakraborty A, Macias V, Balla AK, Bhargava R, Janga SC, Ma J, Prasanth SG, Lal A, Prasanth KV. PSIP1/p75 promotes tumorigenicity in breast cancer cells by promoting the transcription of cell cycle genes. Carcinogenesis 2017. [PMID: 28633434 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgx062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is a highly heterogeneous disease, both at the pathological and molecular level, and several chromatin-associated proteins play crucial roles in BC initiation and progression. Here, we demonstrate the role of PSIP1 (PC4 and SF2 interacting protein)/p75 (LEDGF) in BC progression. PSIP1/p75, previously identified as a chromatin-adaptor protein, is found to be upregulated in basal-like/triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) patient samples and cell lines. Immunohistochemistry in tissue arrays showed elevated levels of PSIP1 in metastatic invasive ductal carcinoma. Survival data analyses revealed that the levels of PSIP1 showed a negative association with TNBC patient survival. Depletion of PSIP1/p75 significantly reduced the tumorigenicity and metastatic properties of TNBC cell lines while its over-expression promoted tumorigenicity. Further, gene expression studies revealed that PSIP1 regulates the expression of genes controlling cell-cycle progression, cell migration and invasion. Finally, by interacting with RNA polymerase II, PSIP1/p75 facilitates the association of RNA pol II to the promoter of cell cycle genes and thereby regulates their transcription. Our findings demonstrate an important role of PSIP1/p75 in TNBC tumorigenicity by promoting the expression of genes that control the cell cycle and tumor metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak K Singh
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801,USA, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Omid Gholamalamdari
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801,USA, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mahdieh Jadaliha
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801,USA, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Xiao Ling Li
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801,USA, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yo-Chuen Lin
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801,USA, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, Beckman Institute of Advanced Science and Technology, UIUC, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Shuomeng Guang
- Department of Bioengineering, Beckman Institute of Advanced Science and Technology, UIUC, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Seyedsasan Hashemikhabir
- Department of Biohealth Informatics, School of Informatics and Computing, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202,USA
| | - Saumya Tiwari
- Department of Bioengineering, Beckman Institute of Advanced Science and Technology, UIUC, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Yuelin J Zhu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801,USA, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Abid Khan
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801,USA, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - Arindam Chakraborty
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801,USA, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Virgilia Macias
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago,Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Andre K Balla
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago,Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Rohit Bhargava
- Department of Bioengineering, Beckman Institute of Advanced Science and Technology, UIUC, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.,Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Mechanical Science and Engineering, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Chemistry, UIUC, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Sarath Chandra Janga
- Department of Biohealth Informatics, School of Informatics and Computing, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202,USA
| | - Jian Ma
- Department of Bioengineering, Beckman Institute of Advanced Science and Technology, UIUC, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.,School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Supriya G Prasanth
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801,USA, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ashish Lal
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801,USA, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kannanganattu V Prasanth
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801,USA, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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13
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Kolusari A, Okyay AG, Koçkaya EA. The Effect of Erythropoietin in Preventing Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Ovarian Tissue Transplantation. Reprod Sci 2017; 25:406-413. [PMID: 28655290 DOI: 10.1177/1933719117715127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Condensation Erythropoietin improved the survival of follicles in ovarian grafts most likely by reducing ischemic injury, by improving neoangiogenesis, and by its antioxidant effects. OBJECTIVE Ovarian tissue cryopreservation and transplantation are the only options accepted for prepubertal girls and women requiring immediate chemotherapy. Ischemia-reperfusion injury is the main obstacle for ovarian tissue transplantation. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of recombinant human erythropoietin (EPO) on tissue viability in autotransplanted rat ovaries. STUDY DESIGN Seventeen female rats were randomized into 3 groups as sham control group (n = 5), EPO-treated group (n = 6), and EPO-untreated group (n = 6). Both ovaries were excised and transplanted into a subcutaneous pouch formed at the anterior abdominal wall in the EPO-treated and untreated groups. In the EPO group, 5000 U/kg EPO was applied as local injection to the site that ovarian tissue was placed and the dose was repeated with the same route at the end of the fourth week. After 2 months, ovaries were removed and blood samples were obtained. Levels of estradiol (E2), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), VEGF-C, and lipid hydroperoxidase (LPO) and the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) were measured both in blood and tissue samples. Histopathological and morphometric analyses were also performed on tissue samples. RESULTS Considering serum levels, mean CAT was significantly higher ( P = .003) and mean SOD ( P = .033), LPO ( P = .050), VEGF ( P = .001), and VEGF-C ( P = .024) were significantly lower in the EPO-treated group than in the untreated group. Mean serum GPX levels were similar. Significantly higher levels of E2 were determined in the EPO group than in the untreated group. Highest serum E2 levels were found in the sham group ( P = .001). Tissue levels of GPX (1.23) and CAT (53.17) were significantly higher in the EPO group ( P = .002 and P = .001, respectively). However, tissue levels of SOD and LPO, VEGF, and VEGF-C levels were significantly lower in the EPO group than those in the untreated group ( P = .033, P = .050, P = .002, and P = .003, respectively). In tissue examination, the highest values of x, y axis and epithelial height were in the sham group. Mean value of the EPO group was found statistically significantly higher than that of the untreated group ( P ≤ .05). In terms of antral follicle count, ordering was found as sham > EPO-treated > EPO-untreated group. Follicle counts in the EPO group were significantly higher than those in the untreated group ( P ≤ 0.05). CONCLUSION Erythropoietin improved the survival of follicles in ovarian grafts most likely by reducing ischemic injury, by improving neoangiogenesis, and by its antioxidant effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Kolusari
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Güler Okyay
- 2 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tayfur Ata Sokmen Medical Faculty, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Evrim Arzu Koçkaya
- 3 The Higher Vocational School of Health Services, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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14
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Oren R, Addadi Y, Narunsky Haziza L, Dafni H, Rotkopf R, Meir G, Fishman A, Neeman M. Fibroblast recruitment as a tool for ovarian cancer detection and targeted therapy. Int J Cancer 2016; 139:1788-98. [PMID: 27242346 PMCID: PMC5565769 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Metastatic ovarian cancer, the most lethal of gynecologic malignancies, is typically managed by debulking surgery, followed by chemotherapy. However, despite significant efforts, survival rate remains low. We have previously demonstrated, in mouse models, a specific systemic homing of labeled fibroblasts to solid ovarian tumors. Here, we demonstrate the feasibility of utilizing this specific homing of genetically modified fibroblasts for detection and targeted therapy of orthotopic metastatic ovarian carcinoma model in immune-deficient mice. Using an in vivo metastatic mouse model for ovarian cancer, we demonstrated that fibroblasts expressing fluorescent reporters injected intra-peritoneally, were specifically recruited to peritoneal tumor nodules (resulting in 93-100% co-localization). We further used fibroblasts over expressing the soluble receptor variant of VEGFR1 (s-Flt1). Mice bearing tumors were injected weekly with either control or s-Flt1 expressing fibroblasts. Injection of s-Flt1 expressing fibroblasts resulted in a significant reduction in the ascites volume, reduced vascularization of adherent metastases, and improved overall survival. Using fluorescently labeled fibroblasts for tumor detection with readily available intra-operative fluorescence imaging tools may be useful for tumor staging and directing biopsies or surgical efforts during exploratory or debulking surgery. Fibroblasts may serve as a beacon pointing to the otherwise invisible metastases in the peritoneal cavity of ovarian cancer patients. Utilizing the recruited fibroblasts also for targeted delivery of anti angiogenic or antitumor molecules may aid in controlling tumor progression. Thus, these results suggest a novel approach for targeting ovarian tumor metastases for both tumor detection and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roni Oren
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yoseph Addadi
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Lian Narunsky Haziza
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Hagit Dafni
- Department of Veterinary Resources, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ron Rotkopf
- Department of Biological Services, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Gila Meir
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ami Fishman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
| | - Michal Neeman
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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15
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Basu A, Cajigas-Du Ross CK, Rios-Colon L, Mediavilla-Varela M, Daniels-Wells TR, Leoh LS, Rojas H, Banerjee H, Martinez SR, Acevedo-Martinez S, Casiano CA. LEDGF/p75 Overexpression Attenuates Oxidative Stress-Induced Necrosis and Upregulates the Oxidoreductase ERP57/PDIA3/GRP58 in Prostate Cancer. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146549. [PMID: 26771192 PMCID: PMC4714844 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) mortality is driven by highly aggressive tumors characterized by metastasis and resistance to therapy, and this aggressiveness is mediated by numerous factors, including activation of stress survival pathways in the pro-inflammatory tumor microenvironment. LEDGF/p75, also known as the DFS70 autoantigen, is a stress transcription co-activator implicated in cancer, HIV-AIDS, and autoimmunity. This protein is targeted by autoantibodies in certain subsets of patients with PCa and inflammatory conditions, as well as in some apparently healthy individuals. LEDGF/p75 is overexpressed in PCa and other cancers, and promotes resistance to chemotherapy-induced cell death via the transactivation of survival proteins. We report in this study that overexpression of LEDGF/p75 in PCa cells attenuates oxidative stress-induced necrosis but not staurosporine-induced apoptosis. This finding was consistent with the observation that while LEDGF/p75 was robustly cleaved in apoptotic cells into a p65 fragment that lacks stress survival activity, it remained relatively intact in necrotic cells. Overexpression of LEDGF/p75 in PCa cells led to the upregulation of transcript and protein levels of the thiol-oxidoreductase ERp57 (also known as GRP58 and PDIA3), whereas its depletion led to ERp57 transcript downregulation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and transcription reporter assays showed LEDGF/p75 binding to and transactivating the ERp57 promoter, respectively. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed significantly elevated co-expression of these two proteins in clinical prostate tumor tissues. Our results suggest that LEDGF/p75 is not an inhibitor of apoptosis but rather an antagonist of oxidative stress-induced necrosis, and that its overexpression in PCa leads to ERp57 upregulation. These findings are of significance in clarifying the role of the LEDGF/p75 stress survival pathway in PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamika Basu
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California 92350, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Christina K. Cajigas-Du Ross
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California 92350, United States of America
| | - Leslimar Rios-Colon
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California 92350, United States of America
| | - Melanie Mediavilla-Varela
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California 92350, United States of America
| | - Tracy R. Daniels-Wells
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California 92350, United States of America
| | - Lai Sum Leoh
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California 92350, United States of America
| | - Heather Rojas
- Department of Pathology and Human Anatomy, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California 92350, United States of America
| | - Hiya Banerjee
- Novartis Pharmaceutical Oncology, East Hanover, New Jersey 08807, United States of America
| | - Shannalee R. Martinez
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California 92350, United States of America
| | - Stephanny Acevedo-Martinez
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California 92350, United States of America
| | - Carlos A. Casiano
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California 92350, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California 92350, United States of America
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16
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Basu A, Woods-Burnham L, Ortiz G, Rios-Colon L, Figueroa J, Albesa R, Andrade LE, Mahler M, Casiano CA. Specificity of antinuclear autoantibodies recognizing the dense fine speckled nuclear pattern: Preferential targeting of DFS70/LEDGFp75 over its interacting partner MeCP2. Clin Immunol 2015; 161:241-50. [PMID: 26235378 PMCID: PMC4712632 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2015.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Human antinuclear autoantibodies (ANAs) targeting the dense fine speckled (DFS) nuclear protein DFS70, commonly known as lens epithelium derived growth factor p75 (LEDGFp75), present a clinical puzzle since their significance remains elusive. While their frequencies are low in ANA-positive autoimmune rheumatic diseases, they are relatively elevated in clinical laboratory referrals, diverse inflammatory conditions, and 'apparently' healthy individuals. We reported previously that DFS70/LEDGFp75 is an autoantigen in prostate cancer that closely interacts with another 70kD DFS nuclear protein, methyl CpG binding protein 2 (MeCP2). This led us to investigate if anti-DFS sera exclusively target DFS70/LEDGFp75 or also recognize MeCP2. Using several complementary autoantibody detection platforms and cellular/molecular approaches we evaluated 65 human sera producing anti-DFS autoantibodies. Our results show that these antibodies are highly specific for DFS70/LEDGFp75 and do not target MeCP2. Establishing the specificity of anti-DFS autoantibodies has implications for increasing our understanding of their biological significance and clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamika Basu
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Leanne Woods-Burnham
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Greisha Ortiz
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Leslimar Rios-Colon
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Johnny Figueroa
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Roger Albesa
- Department of Research, Inova Diagnostics, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Luis E Andrade
- Rheumatology Division, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Immunology Division, Fleury Medicine and Health Laboratories, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michael Mahler
- Department of Research, Inova Diagnostics, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Carlos A Casiano
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA.
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17
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Filosa S, Pecorelli A, D'Esposito M, Valacchi G, Hajek J. Exploring the possible link between MeCP2 and oxidative stress in Rett syndrome. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 88:81-90. [PMID: 25960047 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2015] [Revised: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Rett syndrome (RTT, MIM 312750) is a rare and orphan progressive neurodevelopmental disorder affecting girls almost exclusively, with a frequency of 1/15,000 live births of girls. The disease is characterized by a period of 6 to 18 months of apparently normal neurodevelopment, followed by early neurological regression, with a progressive loss of acquired cognitive, social, and motor skills. RTT is known to be caused in 95% of the cases by sporadic de novo loss-of-function mutations in the X-linked methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MECP2) gene encoding methyl-CpG binding protein 2 (MeCP2), a nuclear protein able to regulate gene expression. Despite almost two decades of research into the functions and role of MeCP2, little is known about the mechanisms leading from MECP2 mutation to the disease. Oxidative stress (OS) is involved in the pathogenic mechanisms of several neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders, although in many cases it is not clear whether OS is a cause or a consequence of the pathology. Fairly recently, the presence of a systemic OS has been demonstrated in RTT patients with a strong correlation with the patients' clinical status. The link between MECP2 mutation and the redox imbalance found in RTT is not clear. Animal studies have suggested a possible direct correlation between Mecp2 mutation and increased OS levels. In addition, the restoration of Mecp2 function in astrocytes significantly improves the developmental outcome of Mecp2-null mice and reexpression of Mecp2 gene in the brain of null mice restored oxidative damage, suggesting that Mecp2 loss of function can be involved in oxidative brain damage. Starting from the evidence that oxidative damage in the brain of Mecp2-null mice precedes the onset of symptoms, we evaluated whether, based on the current literature, the dysfunctions described in RTT could be a consequence or, in contrast, could be caused by OS. We also analyzed whether therapies that at least partially treated some RTT symptoms can play a role in defense against OS. At this stage we can propose that OS could be one of the main causes of the dysfunctions observed in RTT. In addition, the major part of the therapies recommended to alleviate RTT symptoms have been shown to interfere with oxidative homeostasis, suggesting that MeCP2 could somehow be involved in the protection of the brain from OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Filosa
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources-CNR, UOS Naples, Italy; IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pecorelli
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, University General Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy
| | - Maurizio D'Esposito
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "A. Buzzati-Traverso"-CNR, Naples, Italy; IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Valacchi
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Joussef Hajek
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, University General Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy
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18
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Lymphangiogenesis is induced by mycobacterial granulomas via vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3 and supports systemic T-cell responses against mycobacterial antigen. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2015; 185:432-45. [PMID: 25597700 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Granulomatous inflammation is characteristic of many autoimmune and infectious diseases. The lymphatic drainage of these inflammatory sites remains poorly understood, despite an expanding understanding of lymphatic role in inflammation and disease. Here, we show that the lymph vessel growth factor Vegf-c is up-regulated in Bacillus Calmette-Guerin- and Mycobacterium tuberculosis-induced granulomas, and that infection results in lymph vessel sprouting and increased lymphatic area in granulomatous tissue. The observed lymphangiogenesis during infection was reduced by inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3. By using a model of chronic granulomatous infection, we also show that lymphatic remodeling of tissue persists despite resolution of acute infection and a 10- to 100-fold reduction in the number of bacteria and tissue-infiltrating leukocytes. Inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 decreased the growth of new vessels, but also reduced the proliferation of antigen-specific T cells. Together, our data show that granuloma-up-regulated factors increase granuloma access to secondary lymph organs by lymphangiogenesis, and that this process facilitates the generation of systemic T-cell responses to granuloma-contained antigens.
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19
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Ochs RL, Mahler M, Basu A, Rios-Colon L, Sanchez TW, Andrade LE, Fritzler MJ, Casiano CA. The significance of autoantibodies to DFS70/LEDGFp75 in health and disease: integrating basic science with clinical understanding. Clin Exp Med 2015; 16:273-93. [PMID: 26088181 PMCID: PMC4684813 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-015-0367-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Antinuclear autoantibodies (ANAs) displaying the nuclear dense fine speckled immunofluorescence (DFS-IIF) pattern in HEp-2 substrates are commonly observed in clinical laboratory referrals. They target the dense fine speckled autoantigen of 70 kD (DFS70), most commonly known as lens epithelium-derived growth factor p75 (LEDGFp75). Interesting features of these ANAs include their low frequency in patients with systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARD), elevated prevalence in apparently healthy individuals, IgG isotype, strong trend to occur as the only ANA specificity in serum, and occurrence in moderate to high titers. These autoantibodies have also been detected at varied frequencies in patients with diverse non-SARD inflammatory and malignant conditions such as atopic diseases, asthma, eye diseases, and prostate cancer. These observations have recently stimulated vigorous research on their clinical and biological significance. Some studies have suggested that they are natural, protective antibodies that could serve as biomarkers to exclude a SARD diagnosis. Other studies suggest that they might be pathogenic in certain contexts. The emerging role of DFS70/LEDGFp75 as a stress protein relevant to human acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, cancer, and inflammation also points to the possibility that these autoantibodies could be sensors of cellular stress and inflammation associated with environmental factors. In this comprehensive review, we integrate our current knowledge of the biology of DFS70/LEDGFp75 with the clinical understanding of its autoantibodies in the contexts of health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert L Ochs
- Ventana Medical, Roche Tissue Diagnostics, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Michael Mahler
- Department of Research, Inova Diagnostics, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Anamika Basu
- Department of Basic Sciences, Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Mortensen Hall 142, 11085 Campus St, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Leslimar Rios-Colon
- Department of Basic Sciences, Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Mortensen Hall 142, 11085 Campus St, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Tino W Sanchez
- Department of Basic Sciences, Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Mortensen Hall 142, 11085 Campus St, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Luis E Andrade
- Rheumatology Division, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, and Immunology Division, Fleury Medicine and Health Laboratories, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Carlos A Casiano
- Department of Basic Sciences, Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Mortensen Hall 142, 11085 Campus St, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA.
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Xu X, Powell DW, Lambring CJ, Puckett AH, Deschenes L, Prough RA, Poeschla EM, Samuelson DJ. Human MCS5A1 candidate breast cancer susceptibility gene FBXO10 is induced by cellular stress and correlated with lens epithelium-derived growth factor (LEDGF). Mol Carcinog 2014; 53:300-13. [PMID: 23138933 PMCID: PMC9737042 DOI: 10.1002/mc.21977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Revised: 10/04/2012] [Accepted: 10/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Genetic variation and candidate genes associated with breast cancer susceptibility have been identified. Identifying molecular interactions between associated genetic variation and cellular proteins may help to better understand environmental risk. Human MCS5A1 breast cancer susceptibility associated SNP rs7042509 is located in F-box protein 10 (FBXO10). An orthologous Rattus norvegicus DNA-sequence that contains SNV ss262858675 is located in rat Mcs5a1, which is part of a mammary carcinoma susceptibility locus controlling tumor development in a non-mammary cell-autonomous manner via an immune cell-mediated mechanism. Higher Fbxo10 expression in T cells is associated with Mcs5a increased susceptibility alleles. A common DNA-protein complex bound human and rat sequences containing MCS5A1/Mcs5a1 rs7042509/ss262858675 in electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs). Lens epithelium-derived growth factor (LEDGF), a stress-response protein, was identified as a candidate to bind both human and rat sequences using DNA-pulldown and mass spectrometry. LEDGF binding was confirmed by LEDGF-antibody EMSA and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP). Ectopic expression of LEDGF/p75 increased luciferase activities of co-transfected reporters containing both human and rat orthologs. Over-expressed LEDGF/p75 increased endogenous FBXO10 mRNA levels in Jurkat cells, a human T-cell line, implying LEDGF may be involved in increasing FBXO10 transcript levels. Oxidative and thermal stress of Jurkat cells increased FBXO10 and LEDGF expression, further supporting a hypothesis that LEDGF binds to a regulatory region of FBXO10 and increases expression during conditions favoring carcinogenesis. We conclude that FBXO10, a candidate breast cancer susceptibility associated gene, is induced by cellular stress and LEDGF may play a role in expression of this gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - David W. Powell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, Kentucky,Department of Medicine/Nephrology, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Courtney J. Lambring
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Aaron H. Puckett
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Lucas Deschenes
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Russell A. Prough
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, Kentucky,Center for Environmental Genomics and Integrative Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Eric M. Poeschla
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - David J. Samuelson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, Kentucky,Center for Environmental Genomics and Integrative Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky,Correspondence to: Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Center for Genetics & Molecular Medicine, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, HSC-A Building, Room 708, 319 Abraham Flexner Way, Louisville, KY 40292
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21
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Leitz J, Reuschenbach M, Lohrey C, Honegger A, Accardi R, Tommasino M, Llano M, von Knebel Doeberitz M, Hoppe-Seyler K, Hoppe-Seyler F. Oncogenic human papillomaviruses activate the tumor-associated lens epithelial-derived growth factor (LEDGF) gene. PLoS Pathog 2014; 10:e1003957. [PMID: 24604027 PMCID: PMC3946365 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of the human papillomavirus (HPV) E6/E7 oncogenes is crucial for HPV-induced malignant cell transformation. The identification of cellular targets attacked by the HPV oncogenes is critical for our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of HPV-associated carcinogenesis and may open novel therapeutic opportunities. Here, we identify the Lens Epithelial-Derived Growth Factor (LEDGF) gene as a novel cellular target gene for the HPV oncogenes. Elevated LEDGF expression has been recently linked to human carcinogenesis and can protect tumor cells towards different forms of cellular stress. We show that intracellular LEDGF mRNA and protein levels in HPV-positive cancer cells are critically dependent on the maintenance of viral oncogene expression. Ectopic E6/E7 expression stimulates LEDGF transcription in primary keratinocytes, at least in part via activation of the LEDGF promoter. Repression of endogenous LEDGF expression by RNA interference results in an increased sensitivity of HPV-positive cancer cells towards genotoxic agents. Immunohistochemical analyses of cervical tissue specimens reveal a highly significant increase of LEDGF protein levels in HPV-positive lesions compared to histologically normal cervical epithelium. Taken together, these results indicate that the E6/E7-dependent maintenance of intracellular LEDGF expression is critical for protecting HPV-positive cancer cells against various forms of cellular stress, including DNA damage. This could support tumor cell survival and contribute to the therapeutic resistance of cervical cancers towards genotoxic treatment strategies in the clinic. Specific types of human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are closely linked to the development of malignant tumors, such as cervical cancer. Virtually all cervical cancers contain HPV DNA and the tumorigenic growth behavior of cervical cancer cells is dependent on the activity of two viral oncogenes, called E6 and E7. It is important to study the activities by which the HPV oncogenes can support the growth of tumor cells. This should allow new insights into the molecular mechanisms of virus-induced carcinogenesis and could also be useful for developing novel approaches for cancer therapy. We here show that the HPV oncogenes stimulate and maintain expression of the cellular LEDGF gene in HPV-positive cancer cells. Consistently, pre-malignant and malignant lesions of the cervix exhibit significantly increased LEDGF protein levels. LEDGF is crucial for the protection of tumor cells against various forms of cellular stress, including DNA damage. LEDGF stimulation by the viral oncogenes could be a critical survival mechanism by which HPVs support the growth of cervical cancer cells and provide resistance towards chemo- and radiotherapy in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Leitz
- Molecular Therapy of Virus-Associated Cancers (F065), Program Infection and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Miriam Reuschenbach
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Claudia Lohrey
- Molecular Therapy of Virus-Associated Cancers (F065), Program Infection and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anja Honegger
- Molecular Therapy of Virus-Associated Cancers (F065), Program Infection and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rosita Accardi
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Massimo Tommasino
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Manuel Llano
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, United States of America
| | | | - Karin Hoppe-Seyler
- Molecular Therapy of Virus-Associated Cancers (F065), Program Infection and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- * E-mail: (KHS); (FHS)
| | - Felix Hoppe-Seyler
- Molecular Therapy of Virus-Associated Cancers (F065), Program Infection and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- * E-mail: (KHS); (FHS)
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Dai W, Zeller C, Masrour N, Siddiqui N, Paul J, Brown R. Promoter CpG island methylation of genes in key cancer pathways associates with clinical outcome in high-grade serous ovarian cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2013; 19:5788-5797. [PMID: 23965899 PMCID: PMC4913863 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-13-1217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to identify DNA methylation biomarkers of progression-free survival (PFS) to platinum-based chemotherapy in high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) within biologically relevant ovarian cancer-associated pathways. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Association with PFS of CpG island (CGI) promoter DNA methylation at genes in the pathways Akt/mTOR, p53, redox, and homologous recombination DNA repair was sought with PFS as the primary objective in a prospectively collected ovarian cancer cohort (n = 150). Significant loci were validated for associations between PFS, methylation, and gene expression in an independent The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data set of HGSOC (n = 311). RESULTS DNA methylation at 29 CGI loci linked to 28 genes was significantly associated with PFS, independent from conventional clinical prognostic factors (adjusted P < 0.05). Of 17 out of the 28 genes represented in the TCGA data set, methylation of VEGFB, VEGFA, HDAC11, FANCA, E2F1, GPX4, PRDX2, RAD54L, and RECQL4 was prognostic in this independent patient cohort (one-sided P < 0.05, false discovery rate < 10%). A multivariate Cox model was constructed, with clinical parameters (age, stage, grade, and histologic type) and significant loci. The final model included NKD1, VEGFB, and PRDX2 as the three best predictors of PFS (P = 6.62 × 10(-6), permutation test P < 0.05). Focussing only on known VEGFs in the TCGA cohort showed that methylation at promoters of VEGFA, VEGFB, and VEGFC was significantly associated with PFS. CONCLUSIONS A three loci model of DNA methylation could identify two distinct prognostic groups of patients with ovarian cancer (PFS: HR = 2.29, P = 3.34 × 10(-5); overall survival: HR = 1.87, P = 0.007) and patients more likely to have poor response to chemotherapy (OR = 3.45, P = 0.012).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Dai
- Epigenetics Unit, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London, UK W12 0NN
| | - Constanze Zeller
- Epigenetics Unit, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London, UK W12 0NN
| | - Nahal Masrour
- Epigenetics Unit, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London, UK W12 0NN
| | - Nadeem Siddiqui
- Department of Gynaecology, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK G31 2ER
| | - James Paul
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, Glasgow University, The Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, Level 0, 1053 Gt. Western Road, Glasgow, UK G12 0YN
| | - Robert Brown
- Epigenetics Unit, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London, UK W12 0NN
- Section of Molecular Pathology, Institute for Cancer Research, Sutton UK SM2 5NG
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23
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Gogineni A, Caunt M, Crow A, Lee CV, Fuh G, van Bruggen N, Ye W, Weimer RM. Inhibition of VEGF-C modulates distal lymphatic remodeling and secondary metastasis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e68755. [PMID: 23874750 PMCID: PMC3712991 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated lymphatics are postulated to provide a transit route for disseminating metastatic cells. This notion is supported by preclinical findings that inhibition of pro-lymphangiogenic signaling during tumor development reduces cell spread to sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs). However, it is unclear how lymphatics downstream of SLNs contribute to metastatic spread into distal organs, or if modulating distal lymph transport impacts disease progression. Utilizing murine models of metastasis, longitudinal in vivo imaging of lymph transport, and function blocking antibodies against two VEGF family members, we provide evidence that distal lymphatics undergo disease course-dependent up-regulation of lymph transport coincidental with structural remodeling. Inhibition of VEGF-C activity with antibodies against VEGF-C or NRP2 prevented these disease-associated changes. Furthermore, utilizing a novel model of adjuvant treatment, we demonstrate that antagonism of VEGF-C or NRP2 decreases post SLN metastasis. These data support a potential therapeutic strategy for inhibiting distant metastatic dissemination via targeting tumor-associated lymphatic remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvin Gogineni
- Department of Biomedical Imaging, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Maresa Caunt
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Ailey Crow
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Chingwei V. Lee
- Department of Antibody Engineering, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Germaine Fuh
- Department of Antibody Engineering, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Nicholas van Bruggen
- Department of Biomedical Imaging, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Weilan Ye
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Robby M. Weimer
- Department of Biomedical Imaging, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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24
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Messiaen P, De Spiegelaere W, Alcami J, Vervisch K, Van Acker P, Verhasselt B, Meuwissen P, Calonge E, Gonzalez N, Gutierrez-Rodero F, Rodriguez-Martín C, Sermijn E, Poppe B, Vogelaers D, Verhofstede C, Vandekerckhove L. Characterization of LEDGF/p75 genetic variants and association with HIV-1 disease progression. PLoS One 2012; 7:e50204. [PMID: 23226247 PMCID: PMC3511443 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2012] [Accepted: 10/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As Lens epithelium-derived growth factor (LEDGF/p75) is an important co-factor involved in HIV-1 integration, the LEDGF/p75-IN interaction is a promising target for the new class of allosteric HIV integrase inhibitors (LEDGINs). Few data are available on the genetic variability of LEDGF/p75 and the influence on HIV disease in vivo. This study evaluated the relation between LEDGF/p75 genetic variation, mRNA expression and HIV-1 disease progression in order to guide future clinical use of LEDGINs. Methods Samples were derived from a therapy-naïve cohort at Ghent University Hospital and a Spanish long-term-non-progressor cohort. High-resolution melting curve analysis and Sanger sequencing were used to identify all single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the coding region, flanking intronic regions and full 3′UTR of LEDGF/p75. In addition, two intronic tagSNPs were screened based on previous indication of influencing HIV disease. LEDGF/p75 mRNA was quantified in patient peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) using RT-qPCR. Results 325 samples were investigated from patients of Caucasian (n = 291) and African (n = 34) origin, including Elite (n = 49) and Viremic controllers (n = 62). 21 SNPs were identified, comprising five in the coding region and 16 in the non-coding regions and 3′UTR. The variants in the coding region were infrequent and had no major impact on protein structure according to SIFT and PolyPhen score. One intronic SNP (rs2737828) was significantly under-represented in Caucasian patients (P<0.0001) compared to healthy controls (HapMap). Two SNPs showed a non-significant trend towards association with slower disease progression but not with LEDGF/p75 expression. The observed variation in LEDGF/p75 expression was not correlated with disease progression. Conclusions LEDGF/p75 is a highly conserved protein. Two non-coding polymorphisms were identified indicating a correlation with disease outcome, but further research is needed to clarify phenotypic impact. The conserved coding region and the observed variation in LEDGF/p75 expression are important characteristics for clinical use of LEDGINs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Messiaen
- HIV Translational Research Unit, Department of General Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ward De Spiegelaere
- HIV Translational Research Unit, Department of General Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jose Alcami
- Unidad de Inmunopatología del SIDA, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Karen Vervisch
- HIV Translational Research Unit, Department of General Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Petra Van Acker
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bruno Verhasselt
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pieter Meuwissen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Esther Calonge
- Unidad de Inmunopatología del SIDA, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria Gonzalez
- Unidad de Inmunopatología del SIDA, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Erica Sermijn
- HIV Translational Research Unit, Department of General Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bruce Poppe
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dirk Vogelaers
- HIV Translational Research Unit, Department of General Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Chris Verhofstede
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Linos Vandekerckhove
- HIV Translational Research Unit, Department of General Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- * E-mail:
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25
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Spinella F, Caprara V, Di Castro V, Rosanò L, Cianfrocca R, Natali PG, Bagnato A. Endothelin-1 induces the transactivation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3 and modulates cell migration and vasculogenic mimicry in melanoma cells. J Mol Med (Berl) 2012; 91:395-405. [PMID: 22965194 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-012-0956-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Revised: 08/01/2012] [Accepted: 08/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Endothelin receptor B (ET(B)R) is a G-protein-coupled receptor overexpressed in melanoma, blood, and lymphatic endothelial cells. Given that aberrant signal transduction can be mediated through cross talk between receptors, here, we explore the functional relationship between ET(B)R and the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)-3 system and how this cross talk might influence the aggressive behavior of melanoma cells. The expression of VEGFR-3 and its ligands, VEGF-C and VEGF-D, significantly increased after activating ET(B)R by ET-1 in primary and metastatic melanoma cell lines. These effects, similarly to those induced by hypoxia, were mediated by hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α and HIF-2α. ET-1 caused the phosphorylation of VEGFR-3, which was accompanied by the activation of the downstream signaling molecules, such as MAPK and AKT. Inhibition of c-Src activity or silencing of the scaffold protein β-arrestin-1 reduced ET-1-induced VEGFR-3 phosphorylation, demonstrating that, upon ET-1 stimulus, β-arrestin-1 is involved with c-Src in the ET(B)R-mediated VEGFR-3 transactivation. Moreover, ET-1 in combination with VEGF-C further increased VEGFR-3, MAPK, and AKT phosphorylation and markedly promoted cell migration and vasculogenic mimicry. Dual inhibition of ET(B)R and VEGFR-3 was required for the effective inhibition of these effects, as well as for VEGFR-3 phosphorylation, demonstrating that ET(B)R cross talk with VEGFR-3 enhances cell plasticity and motility. Finally, in melanoma xenografts, ET(B)R antagonist inhibited tumor growth and the activation of the VEGF-C/VEGFR-3 axis, indicating that targeting ET(B)R may improve melanoma treatment acting directly or indirectly by impairing ET(B)R cross talk with VEGFR-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Spinella
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory "A", Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy.
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26
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Lin CE, Chen SU, Lin CC, Chang CH, Lin YC, Tai YL, Shen TL, Lee H. Lysophosphatidic acid enhances vascular endothelial growth factor-C expression in human prostate cancer PC-3 cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e41096. [PMID: 22911748 PMCID: PMC3401111 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2011] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical evidence suggests that lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic metastasis are important processes during the progression of prostate cancer. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C was shown to be a key regulator in these processes. Our previous studies demonstrated that lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), a low-molecular-weight lipid growth factor, enhances VEGF-C expression in human endothelial cells. We previously demonstrated that the LPA receptor plays an important role in lymphatic development in zebrafish embryos. However, the effects of LPA on VEGF-C expression in prostate cancer are not known. Herein, we demonstrate that LPA up-regulated VEGF-C expression in three different human prostate cancer cell lines. In PC-3 human prostate cancer cells, the enhancing effects of LPA were mediated through both LPA1 and LPA3. In addition, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and lens epithelium-derived growth factor (LEDGF) expression were involved in LPA1/3-dependent VEGF-C expression. Furthermore, autotaxin (ATX), an enzyme responsible for LPA synthesis, also participates in regulating VEGF-C expression. By interrupting LPA1/3 of PC-3, conditioned medium (CM) -induced human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) lymphatic markers expression was also blocked. In summary, we found that LPA enhances VEGF-C expression through activating LPA1/3-, ROS-, and LEDGF-dependent pathways. These novel findings could potentially shed light on developing new strategies for preventing lymphatic metastasis of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-En Lin
- Institute of Zoology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shee-Uan Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chu-Cheng Lin
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chi-Hao Chang
- Institute of Zoology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yueh-Chien Lin
- Institute of Zoology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yu-Ling Tai
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Tang-Long Shen
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Center for Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hsinyu Lee
- Institute of Zoology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Center for Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Angiogenesis Research Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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27
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LEDGF gene silencing impairs the tumorigenicity of prostate cancer DU145 cells by abating the expression of Hsp27 and activation of the Akt/ERK signaling pathway. Cell Death Dis 2012; 3:e316. [PMID: 22647853 PMCID: PMC3366088 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2012.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lens epithelium-derived growth factor (LEDGF) maintains survival pathways by augmenting the transcription of stress-response genes such as small heat-shock protein 27. Recently, aberrant expression of LEDGF was found in prostate cancer (PC). Herein, we showed that LEDGF overexpression upregulated Hsp27 in PC cells, DU145, PC-3 and LNCaP and promoted antiapoptotic pathways in PCs. We found that these cells had higher abundance of Hsp27, which was correlated with the levels of LEDGF expression. Transactivation assay in DU145 cells revealed that transactivation of Hsp27 was related to the magnitude of LEDGF expression. Silencing of LEDGF in DU145 cells abrogated Hsp27 expression and inhibited stimulated cell proliferation, invasiveness and migration. These cells were arrested in S and G2 phase, and failed to accumulate cyclin B1, and showed increased apoptosis. Furthermore, LEDGF-depleted DU145 cells displayed elevated Bax and cleaved caspase 9 expression and reduced levels of Bcl2, Bcl-XL. The activated survival pathway(s), ERK1/2 and Akt, were selectively decreased in these cells, which characteristically have lower tumorigenicity. Conversely, the depleted cells, when re-overexpressed with LEDGF or Hsp27, regained tumorigenic properties. Collectively, results reveal the involvement of LEDGF-mediated elevated expression of Hsp27-dependent survival pathway(s) in PC. Our findings suggest new lines of investigation aimed at developing therapies by targeting LEDGF or its aberrant expression-associated stimulated antiapoptotic pathway(s).
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Basu A, Drame A, Muñoz R, Gijsbers R, Debyser Z, De Leon M, Casiano CA. Pathway specific gene expression profiling reveals oxidative stress genes potentially regulated by transcription co-activator LEDGF/p75 in prostate cancer cells. Prostate 2012; 72:597-611. [PMID: 21796653 PMCID: PMC3227744 DOI: 10.1002/pros.21463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2011] [Accepted: 06/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lens epithelium-derived growth factor p75 (LEDGF/p75) is a stress survival transcription co-activator and autoantigen that is overexpressed in tumors, including prostate cancer (PCa). This oncoprotein promotes resistance to cell death induced by oxidative stress and chemotherapy by mechanisms that remain unclear. To get insights into these mechanisms we identified candidate target stress genes of LEDGF/p75 using pathway-specific gene expression profiling in PCa cells. METHODS A "Human oxidative stress and antioxidant defense" qPCR array was used to identify genes exhibiting significant expression changes in response to knockdown or overexpression of LEDGF/p75 in PC-3 cells. Validation of array results was performed by additional qPCR and immunoblotting. RESULTS Cytoglobin (CYGB), Phosphoinositide-binding protein PIP3-E/IPCEF-1, superoxidase dismutase 3 (SOD3), thyroid peroxidase (TPO), and albumin (ALB) exhibited significant transcript down- and up-regulation in response to LEDGF/p75 knockdown and overexpression, respectively. CYGB gene was selected for further validation based on its emerging role as a stress oncoprotein in human malignancies. In light of previous reports indicating that LEDGF/p75 regulates peroxiredoxin 6 (PRDX6), and that PRDXs exhibit differential expression in PCa, we also examined the relationship between these proteins in PCa cells. Our validation data revealed that changes in LEDGF/p75 transcript and protein expression in PCa cells closely paralleled those of CYGB, but not those of the PRDXs. CONCLUSIONS Our study identifies CYGB and other genes as stress genes potentially regulated by LEDGF/p75 in PCa cells, and provides a rationale for investigating their role in PCa and in promoting resistance to chemotherapy- and oxidative stress-induced cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamika Basu
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
| | - Awa Drame
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
| | - Ruben Muñoz
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
| | - Rik Gijsbers
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Zeger Debyser
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marino De Leon
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
| | - Carlos A. Casiano
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
- Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University Schoolof Medicine, Loma Linda, California
- Correspondence to: Carlos A. Casiano, Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350.
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Leoh LS, van Heertum B, De Rijck J, Filippova M, Rios-Colon L, Basu A, Martinez SR, Tungteakkhun SS, Filippov V, Christ F, De Leon M, Debyser Z, Casiano CA. The stress oncoprotein LEDGF/p75 interacts with the methyl CpG binding protein MeCP2 and influences its transcriptional activity. Mol Cancer Res 2012; 10:378-91. [PMID: 22275515 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-11-0314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The lens epithelium-derived growth factor p75 (LEDGF/p75) is a transcription coactivator that promotes resistance to oxidative stress- and chemotherapy-induced cell death. LEDGF/p75 is also known as the dense fine speckles autoantigen of 70 kDa (DFS70) and has been implicated in cancer, HIV-AIDS, autoimmunity, and inflammation. To gain insights into mechanisms by which LEDGF/p75 protects cancer cells against stress, we initiated an analysis of its interactions with other transcription factors and the influence of these interactions on stress gene activation. We report here that both LEDGF/p75 and its short splice variant LEDGF/p52 interact with MeCP2, a methylation-associated transcriptional modulator, in vitro and in various human cancer cells. These interactions were established by several complementary approaches: transcription factor protein arrays, pull-down and AlphaScreen assays, coimmunoprecipitation, and nuclear colocalization by confocal microscopy. MeCP2 was found to interact with the N-terminal region shared by LEDGF/p75 and p52, particularly with the PWWP-CR1 domain. Like LEDGF/p75, MeCP2 bound to and transactivated the Hsp27 promoter (Hsp27pr). LEDGF/p75 modestly enhanced MeCP2-induced Hsp27pr transactivation in U2OS osteosarcoma cells, whereas this effect was more pronounced in PC3 prostate cancer cells. LEDGF/p52 repressed Hsp27pr activity in U2OS cells. Interestingly, siRNA-induced silencing of LEDGF/p75 in U2OS cells dramatically elevated MeCP2-mediated Hsp27pr transactivation, whereas this effect was less pronounced in PC3 cells depleted of LEDGF/p75. These results suggest that the LEDGF/p75-MeCP2 interaction differentially influences Hsp27pr activation depending on the cellular and molecular context. These findings are of significance in understanding the contribution of this interaction to the activation of stress survival genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lai Sum Leoh
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
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The interconnectedness of cancer cell signaling. Neoplasia 2012; 13:1183-93. [PMID: 22241964 DOI: 10.1593/neo.111746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Revised: 12/14/2011] [Accepted: 12/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The elegance of fundamental and applied research activities have begun to reveal a myriad of spatial and temporal alterations in downstream signaling networks affected by cell surface receptor stimulation including G protein-coupled receptors and receptor tyrosine kinases. Interconnected biochemical pathways serve to integrate and distribute the signaling information throughout the cell by orchestration of complex biochemical circuits consisting of protein interactions and covalent modification processes. It is clear that scientific literature summarizing results from both fundamental and applied scientific research activities has served to provide a broad foundational biologic database that has been instrumental in advancing our continued understanding of underlying cancer biology. This article reflects on historical advances and the role of innovation in the competitive world of grant-sponsored research.
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Wang X, Mozhui K, Li Z, Mulligan MK, Ingels JF, Zhou X, Hori RT, Chen H, Cook MN, Williams RW, Lu L. A promoter polymorphism in the Per3 gene is associated with alcohol and stress response. Transl Psychiatry 2012; 2:e73. [PMID: 22832735 PMCID: PMC3309544 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2011.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The period homolog genes Per1, Per2 and Per3 are important components of the circadian clock system. In addition to their role in maintaining circadian rhythm, these genes have been linked to mood disorders, stress response and vulnerability to addiction and alcoholism. In this study, we combined high-resolution sequence analysis and quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping of gene expression and behavioral traits to identify Per3 as a compelling candidate for the interaction between circadian rhythm, alcohol and stress response. In the BXD family of mouse strains, sequence variants in Per3 have marked effects on steady-state mRNA and protein levels. As a result, the transcript maps as a cis-acting expression QTL (eQTL). We found that an insertion/deletion (indel) variant in a putative stress response element in the promoter region of Per3 causes local control of transcript abundance. This indel results in differences in protein binding affinities between the two alleles through the Nrf2 transcriptional activator. Variation in Per3 is also associated with downstream differences in the expression of genes involved in circadian rhythm, alcohol, stress response and schizophrenia. We found that the Per3 locus is linked to stress/anxiety traits, and that the basal expression of Per3 is also correlated with several anxiety and addiction-related phenotypes. Treatment with alcohol results in increased expression of Per3 in the hippocampus, and this effect interacts with acute restraint stress. Our data provide strong evidence that variation in the Per3 transcript is causally associated with and also responsive to stress and alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - K Mozhui
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Z Li
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - M K Mulligan
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - J F Ingels
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - X Zhou
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - R T Hori
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - H Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - M N Cook
- Department of Psychology, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - R W Williams
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - L Lu
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA,Jiangsu Ley Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 855 Monroe Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA. E-mail:
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Yiannakopoulou E. Modulation of lymphangiogenesis: a new target for aspirin and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents? A systematic review. J Clin Pharmacol 2011; 52:1749-54. [PMID: 22174438 DOI: 10.1177/0091270011431066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have implicated that lymphangiogenesis plays a role in the development of metastasis in experimental cancer models and in certain types of human tumors. Epidemiological and laboratory data suggest that non steroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDs) have antitumor activities, although the mechanisms have not been elucidated. This systematic review aimed to synthesize data on the effect of aspirin and other NSAIDs on lymphangiogenesis. In particular, an answer was attempted to be found for the following primary questions: Is there an effect of aspirin and NSAIDs on lymphangiogenesis? If yes, is this effect mediated through COX-II inhibition or through COX-II-independent mechanisms? Electronical databases were searched with the appropriate search terms for the period from 1966 up to and including February 2011. The few identified experimental trials indicated that aspirin and other NSAIDs inhibit lymphangiogenesis, with a potential decrease in metastatic spread, possibly through COX-II-dependent regulation of VEGF-C expression. COX-II-independent mechanisms of inhibition of lymphangiogenesis by salicylates and the other NSAIDs have not been investigated. Although further research validation is needed, this proposed effect of NSAIDs might have therapeutic implications in chemoprevention, adjuvant chemotherapy, and treatment of metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Yiannakopoulou
- Department of Basic Medical Lessons, Faculty of Health and Caring Professions, Technological Educational Institute of Athens, Greece .
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33
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Desfarges S, Abderrahmani A, Hernàndez-Novoa B, Munoz M, Ciuffi A. LEDGF/p75 TATA-less promoter is driven by the transcription factor Sp1. J Mol Biol 2011; 414:177-93. [PMID: 22019592 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2011.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2011] [Revised: 09/12/2011] [Accepted: 10/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PSIP1 (PC4 and SFRS1 interacting protein 1) encodes two splice variants: lens epithelium-derived growth factor or p75 (LEDGF/p75) and p52. PSIP1 gene products were shown to be involved in transcriptional regulation, affecting a plethora of cellular processes, including cell proliferation, cell survival, and stress response. Furthermore, LEDGF/p75 has implications for various diseases and infections, including autoimmunity, leukemia, embryo development, psoriasis, and human immunodeficiency virus integration. Here, we reported the first characterization of the PSIP1 promoter. Using 5' RNA ligase-mediated rapid amplification of cDNA ends, we identified novel transcription start sites in different cell types. Using a luciferase reporter system, we identified regulatory elements controlling the expression of LEDGF/p75 and p52. These include (i) minimal promoters (-112/+59 and +609/+781) that drive the basal expression of LEDGF/p75 and of the shorter splice variant p52, respectively; (ii) a sequence (+319/+397) that may control the ratio of LEDGF/p75 expression to p52 expression; and (iii) a strong enhancer (-320/-207) implicated in the modulation of LEDGF/p75 transcriptional activity. Computational, biochemical, and genetic approaches enabled us to identify the transcription factor Sp1 as a key modulator of the PSIP1 promoter, controlling LEDGF/p75 transcription through two binding sites at -72/-64 and -46/-36. Overall, our results provide initial data concerning LEDGF/p75 promoter regulation, giving new insights to further understand its biological function and opening the door for new therapeutic strategies in which LEDGF/p75 is involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Desfarges
- Institute of Microbiology, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Bugnon 48, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Feng Y, Hu J, Ma J, Feng K, Zhang X, Yang S, Wang W, Zhang J, Zhang Y. RNAi-mediated silencing of VEGF-C inhibits non-small cell lung cancer progression by simultaneously down-regulating the CXCR4, CCR7, VEGFR-2 and VEGFR-3-dependent axes-induced ERK, p38 and AKT signalling pathways. Eur J Cancer 2011; 47:2353-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2011.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2011] [Revised: 04/25/2011] [Accepted: 05/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Avni R, Cohen B, Neeman M. Hypoxic stress and cancer: imaging the axis of evil in tumor metastasis. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2011; 24:569-81. [PMID: 21793071 PMCID: PMC3558740 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.1632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2010] [Revised: 09/16/2010] [Accepted: 09/24/2010] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Tumors emerge as a result of the sequential acquisition of genetic, epigenetic and somatic alterations promoting cell proliferation and survival. The maintenance and expansion of tumor cells rely on their ability to adapt to changes in their microenvironment, together with the acquisition of the ability to remodel their surroundings. Tumor cells interact with two types of interconnected microenvironments: the metabolic cell autonomous microenvironment and the nonautonomous cellular-molecular microenvironment comprising interactions between tumor cells and the surrounding stroma. Hypoxia is a central player in cancer progression, affecting not only tumor cell autonomous functions, such as cell division and invasion, resistance to therapy and genetic instability, but also nonautonomous processes, such as angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis and inflammation, all contributing to metastasis. Closely related microenvironmental stressors affecting cancer progression include, in addition to hypoxia, elevated interstitial pressure and oxidative stress. Noninvasive imaging offers multiple means to monitor the tumor microenvironment and its consequences, and can thus assist in the understanding of the biological basis of hypoxia and microenvironmental stress in cancer progression, and in the development of strategies to monitor therapies targeted at stress-induced tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reut Avni
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute, Rehovot, Israel
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36
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Abstract
Cells undergoing apoptosis show a plethora of time-dependent changes. The available tools for imaging apoptosis in live cells rely either on the detection of the activity of caspases, or on the visualization of exposure of phosphatidyl serine in the outer leaflet of the cell membrane. We report here a novel method for the detection of mitochondrial events during apoptosis, namely translocation of Bax to mitochondria and release of cytochrome c (Cyt c) using bimolecular fluorescence complementation. Expression of split yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) fragments fused to Bax and Cyt c, resulted in robust induction of YFP fluorescence at the mitochondria of apoptotic cells with very low background. In vivo expression of split YFP protein fragments in liver hepatocytes and intra-vital imaging of subcutaneous tumor showed elevated YFP fluorescence upon apoptosis induction. Thus, YFP complementation could be applied for high-throughput screening and in vivo molecular imaging of mitochondrial events during apoptosis.
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Dinosaurs and ancient civilizations: reflections on the treatment of cancer. Neoplasia 2011; 12:957-68. [PMID: 21170260 DOI: 10.1593/neo.101588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2010] [Revised: 11/15/2010] [Accepted: 11/15/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Research efforts in the area of palaeopathology have been seen as an avenue to improve our understanding of the pathogenesis of cancer. Answers to questions of whether dinosaurs had cancer, or if cancer plagued ancient civilizations, have captured the imagination as well as the popular media. Evidence for dinosaurian cancer may indicate that cancer may have been with us from the dawn of time. Ancient recorded history suggests that past civilizations attempted to fight cancer with a variety of interventions. When contemplating the issue why a generalized cure for cancer has not been found, it might prove useful to reflect on the relatively limited time that this issue has been an agenda item of governmental attention as well as continued introduction of an every evolving myriad of manmade carcinogens relative to the total time cancer has been present on planet Earth. This article reflects on the history of cancer and the progress made following the initiation of the "era of cancer chemotherapy."
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38
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Martinez G, de Iongh R. The lens epithelium in ocular health and disease. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2010; 42:1945-63. [PMID: 20883819 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2010.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2010] [Revised: 09/19/2010] [Accepted: 09/20/2010] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Overexpression of LEDGF/DFS70 induces IL-6 via p38 activation in HaCaT cells, similar to that seen in the psoriatic condition. J Invest Dermatol 2010; 130:2760-7. [PMID: 20631726 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2010.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Lens epithelium-derived growth factor (LEDGF)/dense fine speckles 70 kDa protein (DFS70) is a transcription cofactor that enhances growth and is overexpressed in various cancers. In the epidermis, LEDGF/DFS70 localizes to the nucleus of keratinocytes (KCs) in the basal layers and to the cytoplasm of cells in the upper layers. However, the biological and pathological relevance of LEDGF/DFS70 in the epidermis is virtually unknown. Compared with normal epidermis, we detected strong nuclear staining of LEDGF/DFS70 in both the spinous and basal layers of the epidermis of psoriatic skin. To investigate the roles of LEDGF/DFS70 in the epidermis of psoriatic skin, we generated HaCaT cells that constitutively express enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP)-LEDGF (EGFP-LEDGF-HaCaT) or EGFP alone (EGFP-HaCaT) as a control. EGFP-LEDGF-HaCaT cells had increased expression of IL-6, which was attenuated by LEDGF-specific RNA interference and the p38-specific inhibitors SB-239063 and SB-203580. Furthermore, EGFP-LEDGF-HaCaT cells had increased expression of S100A7 and S100A9 and decreased expression of filaggrin. These findings are compatible with the expression pattern in psoriatic tissues. Taken together, these results strongly suggest that ectopic expression of LEDGF/DFS70 in KCs could be involved in the pathology of psoriasis vulgaris.
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40
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The War on Cancer rages on. Neoplasia 2010; 11:1252-63. [PMID: 20019833 DOI: 10.1593/neo.91866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2009] [Revised: 11/03/2009] [Accepted: 11/03/2009] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In 1971, the "War on Cancer" was launched by the US government to cure cancer by the 200-year anniversary of the founding of the United States of America, 1976. This article briefly looks back at the progress that has been made in cancer research and compares progress made in other areas of human affliction. While progress has indeed been made, the battle continues to rage on.
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Abstract
The growth of lymphatic vessels (lymphangiogenesis) is actively involved in a number of pathological processes including tissue inflammation and tumor dissemination but is insufficient in patients suffering from lymphedema, a debilitating condition characterized by chronic tissue edema and impaired immunity. The recent explosion of knowledge on the molecular mechanisms governing lymphangiogenesis provides new possibilities to treat these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuomas Tammela
- Molecular/Cancer Biology Laboratory and Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Finland
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42
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Sapoznik S, Cohen B, Tzuman Y, Meir G, Ben-Dor S, Harmelin A, Neeman M. Gonadotropin-regulated lymphangiogenesis in ovarian cancer is mediated by LEDGF-induced expression of VEGF-C. Cancer Res 2010; 69:9306-14. [PMID: 19934313 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-09-1213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The risk and severity of ovarian carcinoma, the leading cause of gynecologic malignancy death, are significantly elevated in postmenopausal women. Ovarian failure at menopause, associated with a reduction in estrogen secretion, results in an increase of the gonadotropic luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), suggesting a role for these hormones in facilitating the progression of ovarian carcinoma. The current study examined the influence of hormonal stimulation on lymphangiogenesis in ovarian cancer cells. In vitro stimulation of ES2 ovarian carcinoma cells with LH and FSH induced expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C. In vivo, ovariectomy of mice resulted in activation of the VEGF-C promoter in ovarian carcinoma xenografts, increased VEGF-C mRNA level, and enhanced tumor lymphangiogenesis and angiogenesis. Seeking the molecular mechanism, we examined the role of lens epithelium-derived growth factor (LEDGF/p75) and the possible contribution of its putative target, a conserved stress-response element identified in silico in the VEGF-C promoter. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation, we showed that LEDGF/p75 indeed binds the VEGF-C promoter, and binding is augmented by FSH. A corresponding hormonally regulated increase in the LEDGF/p75 mRNA and protein levels was observed. Suppression of LEDGF/p75 expression using small interfering RNA, suppression of LH and FSH production using the gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist cetrorelix, or mutation of the conserved stress-response element suppressed the hormonally induced expression of VEGF-C. Overall, our data suggest a possible role for elevated gonadotropins in augmenting ovarian tumor lymphangiogenesis in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stav Sapoznik
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute, Rehovot, Israel
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