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Hatori M, Tsuji D, Suzuki K, Yokokawa T, Kawakami K, Moriyama R, Osada-Tsuchiya M, Otake A, Nakao M, Yano T, Arakawa Y, Matsuo K, Ohashi Y, Sakata Y, Kogure Y, Tamaki S, Wada A, Taki Y, Sasahira N, Ishii H, Yamaguchi M, Itoh K. Pharmacogenomic study of gemcitabine efficacy in patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer: A multicenter, prospective, observational cohort study (GENESECT study). Cancer 2024. [PMID: 38682652 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.35343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic polymorphisms of molecules are known to cause individual differences in the therapeutic efficacy of anticancer drugs. However, to date, germline mutations (but not somatic mutations) for anticancer drugs have not been adequately studied. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between germline polymorphisms of gemcitabine metabolic and transporter genes with carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) response (decrease ≥50% from the pretreatment level at 8 weeks) and overall survival (OS) in patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer who receive gemcitabine-based chemotherapy. METHODS This multicenter, prospective, observational study enrolled patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer patients who were receiving gemcitabine monotherapy or gemcitabine plus nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel combination chemotherapy. Thirteen polymorphisms that may be involved in gemcitabine responsiveness were genotyped, and univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to determine the association of these genotypes with CA 19-9 response and OS. The significance level was set at 5%. RESULTS In total, 180 patients from 11 hospitals in Japan were registered, and 159 patients whose CA 19-9 response could be assessed were included in the final analysis. Patients who had a CA 19-9 response had significantly longer OS (372 vs. 241 days; p = .007). RRM1 2464A>G and RRM2 175T>G polymorphisms suggested a weak association with CA 19-9 response and OS, but it was not statistically significant. COX-2 -765G>C polymorphism did not significantly correlate with CA 19-9 response but was significantly associated with OS (hazard ratio, 2.031; p = .019). CONCLUSIONS Genetic polymorphisms from the pharmacokinetics of gemcitabine did not indicate a significant association with efficacy, but COX-2 polymorphisms involved in tumor cell proliferation might affect OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Hatori
- Department of Pharmacy, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Genetics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Daiki Tsuji
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Genetics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kenichi Suzuki
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Yokokawa
- Department of Pharmacy, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Kawakami
- Department of Pharmacy, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Moriyama
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Genetics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Marika Osada-Tsuchiya
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Genetics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Aki Otake
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Genetics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Masahiko Nakao
- Department of Pharmacy and Clinical Research Center, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takuya Yano
- Department of Pharmacy, Sumitomo Besshi Hospital, Niihama, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Arakawa
- Department of Pharmacy, Tochigi Cancer Center, Utsunomiya, Japan
| | - Keisuke Matsuo
- Department of Pharmacy, Beppu Medical Center, Beppu, Japan
| | - Yasukata Ohashi
- Department of Pharmacy, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Sakata
- Department of Pharmacy, Hiroshima Citizens Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yuki Kogure
- Department of Pharmacy, National Center for Higashi-Hiroshima Medical Center, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shinya Tamaki
- Department of Pharmacy, KKR Sapporo Medical Center, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Wada
- Department of Pharmacy, Kobe Minimally Invasive Cancer Center, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yusuke Taki
- Department of Pharmacy, Kikugawa General Hospital, Kikugawa, Japan
| | - Naoki Sasahira
- Department of Gastroenterology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ishii
- Division of Gastroenterology, Chiba Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masakazu Yamaguchi
- Department of Pharmacy, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kunihiko Itoh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Genetics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
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Lin Q, Serratore A, Niu J, Shen S, Roy Chaudhuri T, Ma WW, Qu J, Kandel ES, Straubinger RM. Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 inhibition suppresses pancreatic cancer chemoresistance and chemotherapy-driven aggressiveness. Drug Resist Updat 2024; 73:101064. [PMID: 38387284 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2024.101064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is often intrinsically-resistant to standard-of-care chemotherapies such as gemcitabine. Acquired gemcitabine resistance (GemR) can arise from treatment of initially-sensitive tumors, and chemotherapy can increase tumor aggressiveness. We investigated the molecular mechanisms of chemoresistance and chemotherapy-driven tumor aggressiveness, which are understood incompletely. METHODS Differential proteomic analysis was employed to investigate chemotherapy-driven chemoresistance drivers and responses of PDAC cells and patient-derived tumor xenografts (PDX) having different chemosensitivities. We also investigated the prognostic value of FGFR1 expression in the efficacy of selective pan-FGFR inhibitor (FGFRi)-gemcitabine combinations. RESULTS Quantitative proteomic analysis of a highly-GemR cell line revealed fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) as the highest-expressed receptor tyrosine kinase. FGFR1 knockdown or FGFRi co-treatment enhanced gemcitabine efficacy and decreased GemR marker expression, implicating FGFR1 in augmentation of GemR. FGFRi treatment reduced PDX tumor progression and prolonged survival significantly, even in highly-resistant tumors in which neither single-agent showed efficacy. Gemcitabine exacerbated aggressiveness of highly-GemR tumors, based upon proliferation and metastatic markers. Combining FGFRi with gemcitabine or gemcitabine+nab-paclitaxel reversed tumor aggressiveness and progression, and prolonged survival significantly. In multiple PDAC PDXs, FGFR1 expression correlated with intrinsic tumor gemcitabine sensitivity. CONCLUSION FGFR1 drives chemoresistance and tumor aggressiveness, which FGFRi can reverse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxiang Lin
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA; New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics & Life Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Andrea Serratore
- New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics & Life Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Jin Niu
- New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics & Life Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Shichen Shen
- New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics & Life Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Tista Roy Chaudhuri
- New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics & Life Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Wen Wee Ma
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Jun Qu
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA; New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics & Life Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Eugene S Kandel
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Robert M Straubinger
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA; New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics & Life Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA; Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
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Hasselluhn MC, Schlösser D, Versemann L, Schmidt GE, Ulisse M, Oschwald J, Zhang Z, Hamdan F, Xiao H, Kopp W, Spitalieri J, Kellner C, Schneider C, Reutlinger K, Nagarajan S, Steuber B, Sastra SA, Palermo CF, Appelhans J, Bohnenberger H, Todorovic J, Kostyuchek I, Ströbel P, Bockelmann A, König A, Ammer-Herrmenau C, Schmidleitner L, Kaulfuß S, Wollnik B, Hahn SA, Neesse A, Singh SK, Bastians H, Reichert M, Sax U, Olive KP, Johnsen SA, Schneider G, Ellenrieder V, Hessmann E. An NFATc1/SMAD3/cJUN Complex Restricted to SMAD4-Deficient Pancreatic Cancer Guides Rational Therapies. Gastroenterology 2024; 166:298-312.e14. [PMID: 37913894 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2023.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The highly heterogeneous cellular and molecular makeup of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) not only fosters exceptionally aggressive tumor biology, but contradicts the current concept of one-size-fits-all therapeutic strategies to combat PDAC. Therefore, we aimed to exploit the tumor biological implication and therapeutic vulnerabilities of a clinically relevant molecular PDAC subgroup characterized by SMAD4 deficiency and high expression of the nuclear factor of activated T cells (SMAD4-/-/NFATc1High). METHODS Transcriptomic and clinical data were analyzed to determine the prognostic relevance of SMAD4-/-/NFATc1High cancers. In vitro and in vivo oncogenic transcription factor complex formation was studied by immunoprecipitation, proximity ligation assays, and validated cross model and species. The impact of SMAD4 status on therapeutically targeting canonical KRAS signaling was mechanistically deciphered and corroborated by genome-wide gene expression analysis and genetic perturbation experiments, respectively. Validation of a novel tailored therapeutic option was conducted in patient-derived organoids and cells and transgenic as well as orthotopic PDAC models. RESULTS Our findings determined the tumor biology of an aggressive and chemotherapy-resistant SMAD4-/-/NFATc1High subgroup. Mechanistically, we identify SMAD4 deficiency as a molecular prerequisite for the formation of an oncogenic NFATc1/SMAD3/cJUN transcription factor complex, which drives the expression of RRM1/2. RRM1/2 replenishes nucleoside pools that directly compete with metabolized gemcitabine for DNA strand incorporation. Disassembly of the NFATc1/SMAD3/cJUN complex by mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling inhibition normalizes RRM1/2 expression and synergizes with gemcitabine treatment in vivo to reduce the proliferative index. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that PDAC characterized by SMAD4 deficiency and oncogenic NFATc1/SMAD3/cJUN complex formation exposes sensitivity to a mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling inhibition and gemcitabine combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie C Hasselluhn
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany; Department of Medicine, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Denise Schlösser
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Lennart Versemann
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Geske E Schmidt
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany; Clinical Research Unit KFO5002, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Maria Ulisse
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany; Clinical Research Unit KFO5002, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Joana Oschwald
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany; Clinical Research Unit KFO5002, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany; Clinical Research Unit KFO5002, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Feda Hamdan
- Gene Regulatory Mechanisms and Molecular Epigenetics Laboratory, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Harry Xiao
- Department of Medicine, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Waltraut Kopp
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany; Clinical Research Unit KFO5002, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Jessica Spitalieri
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany; Clinical Research Unit KFO5002, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Christin Kellner
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany; Clinical Research Unit KFO5002, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Carolin Schneider
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Kristina Reutlinger
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Sankari Nagarajan
- Manchester Breast Centre and Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Division of Molecular and Cellular Function, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin Steuber
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Stephen A Sastra
- Department of Medicine, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Carmine F Palermo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Jennifer Appelhans
- Clinical Research Unit KFO5002, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany; Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Hanibal Bohnenberger
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Jovan Todorovic
- Clinical Research Unit KFO5002, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany; Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Irina Kostyuchek
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Philipp Ströbel
- Clinical Research Unit KFO5002, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany; Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Aiko Bockelmann
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Alexander König
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Christoph Ammer-Herrmenau
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany; Clinical Research Unit KFO5002, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Laura Schmidleitner
- Medical Clinic and Polyclinic II, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany; Translational Pancreatic Research Cancer Center, Medical Clinic and Polyclinic II, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Silke Kaulfuß
- Clinical Research Unit KFO5002, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Bernd Wollnik
- Clinical Research Unit KFO5002, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany; Cluster of Excellence Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells, University of Goettingen, Germany
| | - Stephan A Hahn
- Ruhr University Bochum, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Molecular Gastrointestinal Oncology, Bochum, Germany
| | - Albrecht Neesse
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany; Clinical Research Unit KFO5002, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Shiv K Singh
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany; Clinical Research Unit KFO5002, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Holger Bastians
- Clinical Research Unit KFO5002, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany; Department of Molecular Oncology, Section for Cellular Oncology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Maximilian Reichert
- Medical Clinic and Polyclinic II, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany; Translational Pancreatic Research Cancer Center, Medical Clinic and Polyclinic II, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (a partnership between Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum and University Hospital Klinikum Rechts der Isar), Munich, Germany; Center for Protein Assemblies, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany; Center for Organoid Systems and Tissue Engineering, Technical University Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Ulrich Sax
- Clinical Research Unit KFO5002, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany; Department of Medical Informatics, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Kenneth P Olive
- Department of Medicine, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Steven A Johnsen
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany; Robert Bosch Center for Tumor Diseases, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Günter Schneider
- Clinical Research Unit KFO5002, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany; Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany; Comprehensive Cancer Center, Lower Saxony, Goettingen and Hannover, Germany
| | - Volker Ellenrieder
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany; Clinical Research Unit KFO5002, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany; Comprehensive Cancer Center, Lower Saxony, Goettingen and Hannover, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Hessmann
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany; Clinical Research Unit KFO5002, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany; Comprehensive Cancer Center, Lower Saxony, Goettingen and Hannover, Germany.
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Zhao Y, Zheng Y, Zhu Y, Ding K, Zhou M, Liu T. Co-delivery of gemcitabine and Triapine by calcium carbonate nanoparticles against chemoresistant pancreatic cancer. Int J Pharm 2023; 636:122844. [PMID: 36925025 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a malignant disease with high mortality, and its systemic treatment strategy mainly focuses on chemotherapy. Yet, the overall prognosis of pancreatic cancer patients is still extremely poor with a low survival rate. Gemcitabine (GEM) is a widely used chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of pancreatic cancer. However, GEM chemoresistance remains the major challenge. In this study, we prepared calcium carbonate nanoparticles (CaCO3 NPs) loaded with a nucleotide reductase inhibitor (Triapine) and GEM to suppress the GEM resistance of pancreatic cancer cells (PANC-1/GEM) and solve the problem of poor solubility of Triapine. CaCO3-GEM-Triapine NPs nano-formulations enhanced the therapeutic effect of GEM-based chemotherapy by inhibiting cancer cell proliferation, migration, and resistance to GEM using both 2D PANC-1/GEM cells and 3D tumor spheroids. The study indicated that CaCO3 NPs loaded with GEM and Triapine could provide an effective treatment option to overcome drug resistance in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongmei Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yuanlin Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Kai Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Mengjiao Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, China.
| | - Tianqing Liu
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, Australia.
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Salim EI, Abd El Khalik EAM, Shalaby TI, Ali EMM. Synthesis, characterisation and enhanced apoptotic effect of gemcitabine-loaded albumin nanoparticles coating with chitosan. Arch Physiol Biochem 2022; 128:970-978. [PMID: 32212969 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2020.1742165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Gemcitabine was loaded in albumin nanoparticles then coated with chitosan. The diameter of GEM-ANPs/CS was 200 ± 4 nm. Gemcitabine was loaded in GEM-ANPs/CS with an efficacy of 75%. The IC50 of GEM-ANPs/CS was found to be 12.98 and 6.08 μg/ml after incubation for 48 and 72 h with MCF-7 cells, respectively. Treatment of MCF-7 cells with IC50 of GEM-ANPS, and GEM-ANPS/CS resulted in membrane damage which led to elevated LDH activity of 4 and 3.4, and increasing GSH level of 4.6 and 9.3, respectively, when compared with untreated cells. DNA fragmentation and up-regulated of caspase-3 and p53 had illustrated the apoptotic effect of MCF-7 treated with GEM-ANPS/CS. The tumour suppressor RRM1 gene expression was down-regulated in MCF-7 cells treated with GEM-ANPS/CS. The modified ANPs coated with chitosan may be used as a promising nanomatrix for gemcitabine delivery and targeting to improve its therapeutic index against MCF-7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsayed I Salim
- Research Laboratory of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Department of Zoology Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Eman A M Abd El Khalik
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Thanaa I Shalaby
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ehab M M Ali
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Identification of Pathologic Grading-Related Genes Associated with Kidney Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:2818777. [PMID: 35945960 PMCID: PMC9357261 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2818777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Renal epithelium lesions can cause renal cell carcinoma. This kind of tumor is common among all renal cancers with poor prognosis, of which more than 70% belong to kidney renal clear cell carcinoma. As the pathogenesis of KIRC has not been elucidated, it is necessary to be further explored. Methods. The Genomic Spatial Event database was used to obtain the analysis dataset (GSE126964) based on the GEO database, and The Cancer Genome Atlas was applied for KIRC data collection. edgeR and limma analyses were subsequently conducted to identify differentially expressed genes. Based on the systems biology approach of WGCNA, potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets of this disease were screened after the establishment of a gene coexpression network. GO and KEGG enrichment used cluster Profiler, enrichplot, and ggplot2 in the R software package. Protein-protein interaction network diagrams were plotted for hub gene collection via the STRING platform and Cytoscape software. Hub genes associated with overall survival time of KIRC patients were ultimately identified using the Kaplan-Meier plotter. Results. There were 1863 DEGs identified in total and ten coexpressed gene modules discovered using a WGCNA method. GO and KEGG analysis findings revealed that the most enrichment pathways included Notch binding, cell migration, cell cycle, cell senescence, apoptosis, focal adhesions, and autophagosomes. Twenty-seven hub genes were identified, among which FLT1, HNRNPU, ATP6V0D2, ATP6V1A, and ATP6V1H were positively correlated with OS rates of KIRC patients (
). Conclusions. In conclusion, bioinformatic techniques can be useful tools for predicting the progression of KIRC. DEGs are present in both KIRC and normal kidney tissues, which can be considered the KIRC biomarkers.
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Synergistic Analysis of Circulating Tumor Cells Reveals Prognostic Signatures in Pilot Study of Treatment-Naïve Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer Patients. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10010146. [PMID: 35052825 PMCID: PMC8773204 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10010146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Pancreatic cancer is one of the most deadly cancer types because it usually is not diagnosed until the cancer has spread throughout the body. In this study, we isolate cancer cells found in the blood of pancreatic cancer patients called circulating tumor cells (CTCs) to study their mutation and gene expression profiles. Comparing patients with better and worse survival duration revealed signatures found in these cancer cells. Characterizing these signatures may help improve patient care by using alternative treatment options. Abstract Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is typically diagnosed at late stages and has one of the lowest five-year survival rates of all malignancies. In this pilot study, we identify signatures related to survival and treatment response found in circulating tumor cells (CTCs). Patients with poor survival had increased mutant KRAS expression and deregulation of connected pathways such as PI3K-AKT and MAPK signaling. Further, in a subset of these patients, expression patterns of gemcitabine resistance mechanisms were observed, even prior to initiating treatment. This work highlights the need for identifying patients with these resistance profiles and designing treatment regimens to circumvent these mechanisms.
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Zhao Y, Zheng Y, Zhu Y, Zhang Y, Zhu H, Liu T. M1 Macrophage-Derived Exosomes Loaded with Gemcitabine and Deferasirox against Chemoresistant Pancreatic Cancer. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13091493. [PMID: 34575569 PMCID: PMC8472397 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13091493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a malignant disease with high mortality and poor prognosis due to lack of early diagnosis and low treatment efficiency after diagnosis. Although Gemcitabine (GEM) is used as the first-line chemotherapeutic drug, chemoresistance is still the major problem that limits its therapeutic efficacy. Here in this study, we developed a specific M1 macrophage-derived exosome (M1Exo)-based drug delivery system against GEM resistance in pancreatic cancer. In addition to GEM, Deferasirox (DFX) was also loaded into drug carrier, M1Exo, in order to inhibit ribonucleotide reductase regulatory subunit M2 (RRM2) expression via depleting iron, and thus increase chemosensitivity of GEM. The M1Exo nanoformulations combining both GEM and DFX significantly enhanced the therapeutic efficacy on the GEM-resistant PANC-1/GEM cells and 3D tumor spheroids by inhibiting cancer cell proliferation, cell attachment and migration, and chemoresistance to GEM. These data demonstrated that M1Exo loaded with GEM and DFX offered an efficient therapeutic strategy for drug-resistant pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongmei Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (H.Z.)
| | - Yuanlin Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (H.Z.)
| | - Yan Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (H.Z.)
| | - Yi Zhang
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK;
| | - Hongyan Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (H.Z.)
| | - Tianqing Liu
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
- Correspondence:
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9
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Maestri E, Duszka K, Kuznetsov VA. Immunity Depletion, Telomere Imbalance, and Cancer-Associated Metabolism Pathway Aberrations in Intestinal Mucosa upon Short-Term Caloric Restriction. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13133180. [PMID: 34202278 PMCID: PMC8267928 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Systems cancer biology analysis of calorie restriction (CR) mechanisms and pathways has not been carried out, leaving therapeutic benefits unclear. Using metadata analysis, we studied gene expression changes in normal mouse duodenum mucosa (DM) response to short-term (2-weeks) 25% CR as a biological model. Our results indicate cancer-associated genes consist of 26% of 467 CR responding differential expressed genes (DEGs). The DEGs were enriched with over-expressed cell cycle, oncogenes, and metabolic reprogramming pathways that determine tissue-specific tumorigenesis, cancer, and stem cell activation; tumor suppressors and apoptosis genes were under-expressed. DEG enrichments suggest telomeric maintenance misbalance and metabolic pathway activation playing dual (anti-cancer and pro-oncogenic) roles. The aberrant DEG profile of DM epithelial cells is found within CR-induced overexpression of Paneth cells and is coordinated significantly across GI tract tissues mucosa. Immune system genes (ISGs) consist of 37% of the total DEGs; the majority of ISGs are suppressed, including cell-autonomous immunity and tumor-immune surveillance. CR induces metabolic reprogramming, suppressing immune mechanics and activating oncogenic pathways. We introduce and argue for our network pro-oncogenic model of the mucosa multicellular tissue response to CR leading to aberrant transcription and pre-malignant states. These findings change the paradigm regarding CR's anti-cancer role, initiating specific treatment target development. This will aid future work to define critical oncogenic pathways preceding intestinal lesion development and biomarkers for earlier adenoma and colorectal cancer detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan Maestri
- Department of Biochemistry and Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA;
- Department of Biology, SUNY University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Kalina Duszka
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Vladimir A. Kuznetsov
- Department of Biochemistry and Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA;
- Bioinformatics Institute, Biomedical Sciences Institutes A*STAR, Singapore 13867, Singapore
- Correspondence:
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10
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Kato T, Ono H, Fujii M, Akahoshi K, Ogura T, Ogawa K, Ban D, Kudo A, Tanaka S, Tanabe M. Cytoplasmic RRM1 activation as an acute response to gemcitabine treatment is involved in drug resistance of pancreatic cancer cells. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252917. [PMID: 34111175 PMCID: PMC8191885 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background RRM1 is functionally associated with DNA replication and DNA damage repair. However, the biological activity of RRM1 in pancreatic cancer remains undetermined. Methods To determine relationships between RRM1 expression and the prognosis of pancreatic cancer, and to explore RRM1 function in cancer biology, we investigated RRM1 expression levels in 121 pancreatic cancer patients by immunohistochemical staining and performed in vitro experiments to analyze the functional consequences of RRM1 expression. Results Patients with high RRM1 expression had significantly poorer clinical outcomes (overall survival; p = 0.006, disease-free survival; p = 0.0491). In particular, high RRM1 expression was also associated with poorer overall survival on adjuvant chemotherapy (p = 0.008). We found that RRM1 expression was increased 24 hours after exposure to gemcitabine and could be suppressed by histone acetyltransferase inhibition. RRM1 activation in response to gemcitabine exposure was induced mainly in the cytoplasm and cytoplasmic RRM1 activation was related to cancer cell viability. In contrast, cancer cells lacking cytoplasmic RRM1 activation were confirmed to show severe DNA damage. RRM1 inhibition with specific siRNA or hydroxyurea enhanced the cytotoxic effects of gemcitabine for pancreatic cancer cells. Conclusions Cytoplasmic RRM1 activation is involved in biological processes related to drug resistance in response to gemcitabine exposure and could be a potential target for pancreatic cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomotaka Kato
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ono
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Mikiya Fujii
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiichi Akahoshi
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiro Ogura
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kosuke Ogawa
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ban
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kudo
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Tanaka
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Minoru Tanabe
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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11
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Iwasaki E, Fukuhara S, Horibe M, Kawasaki S, Seino T, Takimoto Y, Tamagawa H, Machida Y, Kayashima A, Noda M, Hayashi H, Kanai T. Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Sampling for Personalized Pancreatic Cancer Treatment. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:469. [PMID: 33800161 PMCID: PMC8000964 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11030469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is the most lethal solid malignancy, and the number of patients with pancreatic cancer is increasing. Systemic chemotherapies are often ineffective for such patients, and there is an urgent need for personalized medicine. Unlike other types of cancer, personalized treatments for pancreatic cancer are still in development. Consequently, pancreatic cancer is less sensitive to anticancer drugs and is often refractory to common treatments. Therefore, advances in personalized medicine for pancreatic cancer are necessary. This review examined advances in personalized medicine for pancreatic cancer, including the use of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided sampling. EUS-guided sampling is widely used for diagnosing pancreatic tumors and is expected to be applied to sampled tissues. Additionally, there has been an increase in clinical research using EUS-guided sampling. The combination of precision medicine using genomic testing and pharmacological profiles based on high-throughput drug sensitivity testing using patient-derived organoids is expected to revolutionize pancreatic cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eisuke Iwasaki
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine 35, Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (M.H.); (S.K.); (T.S.); (Y.T.); (H.T.); (Y.M.); (A.K.); (M.N.); (T.K.)
| | - Seiichiro Fukuhara
- Center for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Endoscopy, Keio University School of Medicine 35, Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan;
| | - Masayasu Horibe
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine 35, Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (M.H.); (S.K.); (T.S.); (Y.T.); (H.T.); (Y.M.); (A.K.); (M.N.); (T.K.)
| | - Shintaro Kawasaki
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine 35, Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (M.H.); (S.K.); (T.S.); (Y.T.); (H.T.); (Y.M.); (A.K.); (M.N.); (T.K.)
| | - Takashi Seino
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine 35, Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (M.H.); (S.K.); (T.S.); (Y.T.); (H.T.); (Y.M.); (A.K.); (M.N.); (T.K.)
| | - Yoichi Takimoto
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine 35, Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (M.H.); (S.K.); (T.S.); (Y.T.); (H.T.); (Y.M.); (A.K.); (M.N.); (T.K.)
| | - Hiroki Tamagawa
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine 35, Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (M.H.); (S.K.); (T.S.); (Y.T.); (H.T.); (Y.M.); (A.K.); (M.N.); (T.K.)
| | - Yujiro Machida
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine 35, Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (M.H.); (S.K.); (T.S.); (Y.T.); (H.T.); (Y.M.); (A.K.); (M.N.); (T.K.)
| | - Atsuto Kayashima
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine 35, Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (M.H.); (S.K.); (T.S.); (Y.T.); (H.T.); (Y.M.); (A.K.); (M.N.); (T.K.)
| | - Marin Noda
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine 35, Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (M.H.); (S.K.); (T.S.); (Y.T.); (H.T.); (Y.M.); (A.K.); (M.N.); (T.K.)
| | - Hideyuki Hayashi
- Keio Cancer Center, Genomic Units, Keio University School of Medicine 35, Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan;
| | - Takanori Kanai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine 35, Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (M.H.); (S.K.); (T.S.); (Y.T.); (H.T.); (Y.M.); (A.K.); (M.N.); (T.K.)
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Yu M, Xu W, Jie Y, Pang J, Huang S, Cao J, Gong J, Li X, Chong Y. Identification and validation of three core genes in p53 signaling pathway in hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Surg Oncol 2021; 19:66. [PMID: 33685467 PMCID: PMC7938465 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-021-02174-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common cancer and the leading cause is persistent hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. We aimed to identify some core genes and pathways for HBV-related HCC. METHODS Gene expression profiles of GSE62232, GSE121248, and GSE94660 were available from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). The GSE62232 and GSE121248 profiles were the analysis datasets and GSE94660 was the validation dataset. The GEO2R online tool and Venn diagram software were applied to analyze commonly differentially expressed genes between HBV-related HCC tissues and normal tissues. Then, functional enrichment analysis using Gene Ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genome (KEGG) as well as the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was conducted. The overall survival rates and the expression levels were detected by Kaplan-Meier plotter and Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA). Next, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed to verify the KEGG pathway analysis. Furthermore, quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed to validate the levels of these three core genes in tumor tissues and adjacent non-tumor liver tissues from 12 HBV related HCC patients, HBV-associated liver cancer cell lines and normal liver cell lines, and HepG2 with p53 knockdown or deletion, respectively. RESULTS Fifteen highly expressed genes associated with significantly worse prognoses were selected and CCNB1, CDK1, and RRM2 in the p53 signaling pathway were identified as core genes. GSEA results showed that samples highly expressing three core genes were all enriched in the p53 signaling pathway in a validation dataset (P < 0.0001). The expression of these three core genes in tumor tissue samples was higher than that in relevant adjacent non-tumor liver tissues (P < 0.0001). Furthermore, we also found that the above genes were highly expressed in liver cancer cell lines compared with normal liver cells. In addition, we found that the expression of these three core genes in p53 knockdown or knockout HCC cell lines was lower than that in negative control HCC cell lines (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS CCNB1, CDK1, and RRM2 were enriched in the p53 signaling pathway and could be potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for HBV-related HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxue Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Key Laboratory of Liver Disease of Guangdong Province, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wenli Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Key Laboratory of Liver Disease of Guangdong Province, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yusheng Jie
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Key Laboratory of Liver Disease of Guangdong Province, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jiahui Pang
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Key Laboratory of Liver Disease of Guangdong Province, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Siqi Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Key Laboratory of Liver Disease of Guangdong Province, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jing Cao
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Key Laboratory of Liver Disease of Guangdong Province, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jiao Gong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xinhua Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Key Laboratory of Liver Disease of Guangdong Province, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Yutian Chong
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Key Laboratory of Liver Disease of Guangdong Province, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong Province, China.
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13
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Klimaszewska-Wiśniewska A, Buchholz K, Neska-Długosz I, Durślewicz J, Grzanka D, Zabrzyński J, Sopońska P, Grzanka A, Gagat M. Expression of Genomic Instability-Related Molecules: Cyclin F, RRM2 and SPDL1 and Their Prognostic Significance in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:859. [PMID: 33670609 PMCID: PMC7922901 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we aimed to assess the selected components of cell cycle machinery, checkpoint, DNA repair, and synthesis, namely RRM2, cyclin F, and SPDL1 in pancreatic adenocarcinomas (PAC) by in-house immunohistochemistry (IHC) and bioinformatic analysis of public datasets, in terms of expression, correlation with clinicopathological parameters, and patient survival. Sixty eight patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) were included in our cohort study, and IHC was performed on tissue macroarrays. RNA-Seq-based transcriptome data for 177 PACs were retrieved from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). We found cyclin F, RRM2, and SPDL1 to be overexpressed at both protein and mRNA levels in tumor tissues compared to respective controls. Based on TCGA dataset, we have demonstrated that CCNF, RRM2, and SPDL1 are potent independent prognostic markers for poor overall survival, both by themselves and even more in combination with each other. Furthermore, high CCNF mRNA expression was associated with features of cancer progression. By contrast, overexpression of cyclin F or SPDL1 proteins denoted a good prognosis in PDAC patients; however, in the case of the former protein, the results did not reach statistical significance. Specifically, high levels of SPDL1 protein emerged as the most powerful independent prognostic factor associated with a better outcome. If validated, the CCNF/RRM2/SPDL1 three-gene panel developed in this study, as well as SPDL1 protein, may provide significant clinical implications for the prognosis prediction of PAC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Klimaszewska-Wiśniewska
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (K.B.); (I.N.-D.); (J.D.); (D.G.); (J.Z.)
| | - Karolina Buchholz
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (K.B.); (I.N.-D.); (J.D.); (D.G.); (J.Z.)
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (A.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Izabela Neska-Długosz
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (K.B.); (I.N.-D.); (J.D.); (D.G.); (J.Z.)
| | - Justyna Durślewicz
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (K.B.); (I.N.-D.); (J.D.); (D.G.); (J.Z.)
| | - Dariusz Grzanka
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (K.B.); (I.N.-D.); (J.D.); (D.G.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jan Zabrzyński
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (K.B.); (I.N.-D.); (J.D.); (D.G.); (J.Z.)
- Department of General Orthopaedics, Musculoskeletal Oncology and Trauma Surgery, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-572 Poznań, Poland
| | - Paulina Sopońska
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Alina Grzanka
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (A.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Maciej Gagat
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (A.G.); (M.G.)
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14
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Shorstova T, Su J, Zhao T, Dahabieh M, Leibovitch M, De Sa Tavares Russo M, Avizonis D, Rajkumar S, Watson IR, Del Rincón SV, Miller WH, Foulkes WD, Witcher M. Reprogramming of Nucleotide Metabolism Mediates Synergy between Epigenetic Therapy and MAP Kinase Inhibition. Mol Cancer Ther 2021; 20:64-75. [PMID: 33087508 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-20-0259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Small cell carcinoma of the ovary, hypercalcemic type (SCCOHT) is a rare but often lethal cancer that is diagnosed at a median age of 24 years. Optimal management of patients is not well defined, and current treatment remains challenging, necessitating the discovery of novel therapeutic approaches. The identification of SMARCA4-inactivating mutations invariably characterizing this type of cancer provided insights facilitating diagnostic and therapeutic measures against this disease. We show here that the BET inhibitor OTX015 acts in synergy with the MEK inhibitor cobimetinib to repress the proliferation of SCCOHT in vivo Notably, this synergy is also observed in some SMARCA4-expressing ovarian adenocarcinoma models intrinsically resistant to BETi. Mass spectrometry, coupled with knockdown of newly found targets such as thymidylate synthase, revealed that the repression of a panel of proteins involved in nucleotide synthesis underlies this synergy both in vitro and in vivo, resulting in reduced pools of nucleotide metabolites and subsequent cell-cycle arrest. Overall, our data indicate that dual treatment with BETi and MEKi represents a rational combination therapy against SCCOHT and potentially additional ovarian cancer subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Shorstova
- Departments of Oncology and Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Lady Davis Institute and Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jie Su
- Departments of Oncology and Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Lady Davis Institute and Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Tiejun Zhao
- Departments of Oncology and Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Lady Davis Institute and Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Michael Dahabieh
- Departments of Oncology and Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Lady Davis Institute and Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Matthew Leibovitch
- Departments of Oncology and Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Lady Davis Institute and Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Daina Avizonis
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre's (GCRC) Metabolomics Facility, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Shivshankari Rajkumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Goodman Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ian R Watson
- Department of Biochemistry, Goodman Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sonia V Del Rincón
- Departments of Oncology and Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Lady Davis Institute and Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Wilson H Miller
- Departments of Oncology and Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Lady Davis Institute and Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - William D Foulkes
- Departments of Oncology and Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Lady Davis Institute and Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Departments of Oncology and Human Genetics, McGill University, Lady Davis Institute and Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Michael Witcher
- Departments of Oncology and Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Lady Davis Institute and Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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15
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Cuthbertson CR, Guo H, Kyani A, Madak JT, Arabzada Z, Neamati N. The Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenase Inhibitor Brequinar Is Synergistic with ENT1/2 Inhibitors. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2020; 3:1242-1252. [PMID: 33344900 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.0c00124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) inhibitor brequinar failed all clinical trials for solid tumors. To investigate mechanisms to increase brequinar's efficacy, we employed a combination strategy to simultaneously inhibit the nucleotide salvage pathways. Brequinar is synergistic with the equilibrative nucleoside transporter (ENT) inhibitor dipyridamole, but not the concentrative nucleoside transporter inhibitor phlorizin. This synergy carries over to ENT1/2 inhibition, but not ENT4. Our previously described brequinar analogue 41 was also synergistic with dipyridamole as were the FDA-approved DHODH inhibitors leflunomide and teriflunomide but the latter required much higher concentrations than brequinar. Therefore, a combination of brequinar and ENT inhibitors presents a potential anti-cancer strategy in select tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine R Cuthbertson
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and the Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 1600 Huron Parkway, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Hui Guo
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and the Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 1600 Huron Parkway, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Armita Kyani
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and the Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 1600 Huron Parkway, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Joseph T Madak
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and the Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 1600 Huron Parkway, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Zahra Arabzada
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and the Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 1600 Huron Parkway, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Nouri Neamati
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and the Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 1600 Huron Parkway, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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16
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Real FX, Siveke JT. Pancreatic cancer transcriptomes: molecular stratification in the adjuvant setting. Ann Oncol 2020; 32:133-135. [PMID: 33227409 DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- F X Real
- Epithelial Carcinogenesis Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre-CNIO, Madrid, Spain; CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain; Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - J T Siveke
- Institute for Developmental Cancer Therapeutics, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Division of Solid Tumor Translational Oncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK, partner site Essen), Essen; German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
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17
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Randazzo O, Papini F, Mantini G, Gregori A, Parrino B, Liu DSK, Cascioferro S, Carbone D, Peters GJ, Frampton AE, Garajova I, Giovannetti E. "Open Sesame?": Biomarker Status of the Human Equilibrative Nucleoside Transporter-1 and Molecular Mechanisms Influencing its Expression and Activity in the Uptake and Cytotoxicity of Gemcitabine in Pancreatic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113206. [PMID: 33142664 PMCID: PMC7692081 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an extremely aggressive tumor characterized by early invasiveness, rapid progression and resistance to treatment. For more than twenty years, gemcitabine has been the main therapy for PDAC both in the palliative and adjuvant setting. After the introduction of FOLFIRINOX as an upfront treatment for metastatic disease, gemcitabine is still commonly used in combination with nab-paclitaxel as an alternative first-line regimen, as well as a monotherapy in elderly patients unfit for combination chemotherapy. As a hydrophilic nucleoside analogue, gemcitabine requires nucleoside transporters to permeate the plasma membrane, and a major role in the uptake of this drug is played by human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (hENT-1). Several studies have proposed hENT-1 as a biomarker for gemcitabine efficacy in PDAC. A recent comprehensive multimodal analysis of hENT-1 status evaluated its predictive role by both immunohistochemistry (with five different antibodies), and quantitative-PCR, supporting the use of the 10D7G2 antibody. High hENT-1 levels observed with this antibody were associated with prolonged disease-free status and overall-survival in patients receiving gemcitabine adjuvant chemotherapy. This commentary aims to critically discuss this analysis and lists molecular factors influencing hENT-1 expression. Improved knowledge on these factors should help the identification of subgroups of patients who may benefit from specific therapies and overcome the limitations of traditional biomarker studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ornella Randazzo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center (VUmc), 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (O.R.); (F.P.); (G.M.); (A.G.); (G.J.P.); (I.G.)
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90123 Palermo, Italy; (B.P.); (S.C.); (D.C.)
| | - Filippo Papini
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center (VUmc), 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (O.R.); (F.P.); (G.M.); (A.G.); (G.J.P.); (I.G.)
| | - Giulia Mantini
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center (VUmc), 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (O.R.); (F.P.); (G.M.); (A.G.); (G.J.P.); (I.G.)
- Cancer Pharmacology Lab, AIRC Start Up Unit, Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza, 56017 Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Gregori
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center (VUmc), 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (O.R.); (F.P.); (G.M.); (A.G.); (G.J.P.); (I.G.)
| | - Barbara Parrino
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90123 Palermo, Italy; (B.P.); (S.C.); (D.C.)
| | - Daniel S. K. Liu
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital campus, London W12 0NN, UK;
| | - Stella Cascioferro
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90123 Palermo, Italy; (B.P.); (S.C.); (D.C.)
| | - Daniela Carbone
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90123 Palermo, Italy; (B.P.); (S.C.); (D.C.)
| | - Godefridus J. Peters
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center (VUmc), 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (O.R.); (F.P.); (G.M.); (A.G.); (G.J.P.); (I.G.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Adam E. Frampton
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital campus, London W12 0NN, UK;
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The Leggett Building, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
- Correspondence: (A.E.F.); (E.G.); Tel.: +31-003-120-444-2633 (E.G.)
| | - Ingrid Garajova
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center (VUmc), 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (O.R.); (F.P.); (G.M.); (A.G.); (G.J.P.); (I.G.)
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Elisa Giovannetti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center (VUmc), 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (O.R.); (F.P.); (G.M.); (A.G.); (G.J.P.); (I.G.)
- Cancer Pharmacology Lab, AIRC Start Up Unit, Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza, 56017 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.E.F.); (E.G.); Tel.: +31-003-120-444-2633 (E.G.)
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18
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Mofid MR, Gheysarzadeh A, Bakhtiyari S. Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 chemosensitizes pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma through its death receptor. Pancreatology 2020; 20:1442-1450. [PMID: 32830034 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2020.07.406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal human malignancies. Gemcitabine and doxorubicin are commonly used as the chemotherapy agents, but most of PDAC tumors eventually acquired resistance to chemotherapy. Accumulating evidence indicates that Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) plays a key role against tumor growth but its expression has commonly suppressed. The present study was designed to evaluate IGFBP-3 effects in chemotherapy sensitization of PDAC cells. Here, we report that the re-sensitization of chemoresistant PDAC cells was occurred by IGFBP-3 through recruitment of its death receptor (IGFBP-3R). Using gemcitabine, doxorubicin-resistant PDAC cell lines, we found that IGFBP-3 sensitized chemoresistant cells by activating apoptosis (as evaluated by Bax up-regulation, Bcl-2 down-regulation as well as Caspase-3 and Caspase 8 activation). IGFBP-3R was also found to have higher expression level in resistant AsPc-1 and MIA PaCa-2 cells in comparison to parental cells. IGFBP-3R was also highly expressed in PDAC tumor which exposed to chemotherapy in comparison to un-treated PDAC tumors. In addition, we confirmed our finding by using specific siRNA to knocking down of IGFBP-3R which prevents IGFBP-3 Chemosensitization. Taken together, the present study for the first time indicates the clinical relevance for combining IGFBP-3 with chemotherapy to reduce chemoresistance in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Mofid
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ali Gheysarzadeh
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran; Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.
| | - Salar Bakhtiyari
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
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Nollmann FI, Ruess DA. Targeting Mutant KRAS in Pancreatic Cancer: Futile or Promising? Biomedicines 2020; 8:E281. [PMID: 32796566 PMCID: PMC7459579 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8080281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most fatal cancers with a dismal prognosis for the patient. This is due to limited diagnostic options for the early detection of the disease as well as its rather aggressive nature. Despite major advances in oncologic research in general, the treatment options in the clinic for PDAC have only undergone minor changes in the last decades. One major treatment advance would be the successful targeting of the oncogenic driver KRASmut. In the past, the indirect targeting of KRAS has been exploited, e. g., via upstream inhibition of receptor tyrosine kinases or via downstream MEK or PI3K inhibition. However, the experience gained from clinical trials and from the clinic itself in the treatment of KRASmut cancer entities has dampened the initial euphoria. Lately, with the development of KRASG12C-specific inhibitors, not only the direct but also the indirect targeting of KRASmut has gained momentum again. Though preclinical studies and preliminary early clinical studies of monotherapies have shown promising results, they have been overshadowed by the swift development of resistances resulting in inconsistent responses in patient cohorts. Currently, several different combination therapies for KRASmut cancer are being explored. If they hold the promise they have made in preclinical studies, they might also be suitable treatment options for patients suffering from PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dietrich Alexander Ruess
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Center of Surgery, Medical Center–University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstrasse 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany;
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20
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Mazzu YZ, Armenia J, Nandakumar S, Chakraborty G, Yoshikawa Y, Jehane LE, Lee GSM, Atiq M, Khan N, Schultz N, Kantoff PW. Ribonucleotide reductase small subunit M2 is a master driver of aggressive prostate cancer. Mol Oncol 2020; 14:1881-1897. [PMID: 32385899 PMCID: PMC7400792 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although there are molecularly distinct subtypes of prostate cancer, no molecular classification system is used clinically. The ribonucleotide reductase small subunit M2 (RRM2) gene plays an oncogenic role in many cancers. Our previous study elucidated comprehensive molecular mechanisms of RRM2 in prostate cancer (PC). Given the potent functions of RRM2, we set out to determine whether the RRM2 signature can be used to identify aggressive subtypes of PC. We applied gene ontology and pathway analysis in RNA‐seq datasets from PC cells overexpressing RRM2. We refined the RRM2 signature by integrating it with two molecular classification systems (PCS and PAM50 subtypes) that define aggressive PC subtypes (PCS1 and luminal B) and correlated signatures with clinical outcomes in six published cohorts comprising 4000 cases of PC. Increased expression of genes in the RRM2 signature was significantly correlated with recurrence, high Gleason score, and lethality of PC. Patients with high RRM2 levels showed higher PCS1 score, suggesting the aggressive PC feature. Consistently, RRM2‐regulated genes were highly enriched in the PCS1 signature from multiple PC cohorts. A simplified RRM2 signature (12 genes) was identified by intersecting the RRM2 signature, PCS1 signature, and the PAM50 classifier. Intriguingly, inhibition of RRM2 specifically targets PCS1 and luminal B genes. Furthermore, 11 genes in the RRM2 signature were correlated with enzalutamide resistance by using a single‐cell RNA‐seq dataset from PC circulating tumor cells. Finally, high expression of RRM2 was associated with an immunosuppressive tumor‐immune microenvironment in both primary prostate cancer and metastatic prostate cancer using CIBERSORT analysis and LM22, a validated leukocyte gene signature matrix. These data demonstrate that RRM2 is a driver of aggressive prostate cancer subtypes and contributes to immune escape, suggesting that RRM2 inhibition may be of clinical benefit for patients with PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Z Mazzu
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joshua Armenia
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Subhiksha Nandakumar
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Goutam Chakraborty
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yuki Yoshikawa
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lina E Jehane
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gwo-Shu Mary Lee
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mohammad Atiq
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nabeela Khan
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nikolaus Schultz
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Philip W Kantoff
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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21
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Yang D, He Y, Wu B, Deng Y, Wang N, Li M, Liu Y. Integrated bioinformatics analysis for the screening of hub genes and therapeutic drugs in ovarian cancer. J Ovarian Res 2020; 13:10. [PMID: 31987036 PMCID: PMC6986075 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-020-0613-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ovarian cancer (OC) ranks fifth as a cause of gynecological cancer-associated death globally. Until now, the molecular mechanisms underlying the tumorigenesis and prognosis of OC have not been fully understood. This study aims to identify hub genes and therapeutic drugs involved in OC. Methods Four gene expression profiles (GSE54388, GSE69428, GSE36668, and GSE40595) were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), and the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in OC tissues and normal tissues with an adjusted P-value < 0.05 and a |log fold change (FC)| > 1.0 were first identified by GEO2R and FunRich software. Next, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were performed for functional enrichment analysis of these DEGs. Then, the hub genes were identified by the cytoHubba plugin and the other bioinformatics approaches including protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis, module analysis, survival analysis, and miRNA-hub gene network construction was also performed. Finally, the GEPIA2 and DGIdb databases were utilized to verify the expression levels of hub genes and to select the candidate drugs for OC, respectively. Results A total of 171 DEGs were identified, including 114 upregulated and 57 downregulated DEGs. The results of the GO analysis indicated that the upregulated DEGs were mainly involved in cell division, nucleus, and protein binding, whereas the biological functions showing enrichment in the downregulated DEGs were mainly negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter, protein complex and apicolateral plasma membrane, and glycosaminoglycan binding. As for the KEGG-pathway, the upregulated DEGs were mainly associated with metabolic pathways, biosynthesis of antibiotics, biosynthesis of amino acids, cell cycle, and HTLV-I infection. Additionally, 10 hub genes (KIF4A, CDC20, CCNB2, TOP2A, RRM2, TYMS, KIF11, BIRC5, BUB1B, and FOXM1) were identified and survival analysis of these hub genes showed that OC patients with the high-expression of CCNB2, TYMS, KIF11, KIF4A, BIRC5, BUB1B, FOXM1, and CDC20 were statistically more likely to have poorer progression free survival. Meanwhile, the expression levels of the hub genes based on GEPIA2 were in accordance with those based on GEO. Finally, DGIdb database was used to identify 62 small molecules as the potentially targeted drugs for OC treatment. Conclusions In summary, the data may produce new insights regarding OC pathogenesis and treatment. Hub genes and candidate drugs may improve individualized diagnosis and therapy for OC in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Yang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, 77th Puhe Road, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Yang He
- Department of Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, 155th Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Bo Wu
- Department of Anus and Intestine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, 155th Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Yan Deng
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, 77th Puhe Road, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, 77th Puhe Road, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Menglin Li
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, 77th Puhe Road, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, 77th Puhe Road, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China.
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Xu L, He J, Cai Q, Li M, Pu X, Guo Y. An effective seven-CpG-based signature to predict survival in renal clear cell carcinoma by integrating DNA methylation and gene expression. Life Sci 2020; 243:117289. [PMID: 31926254 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Currently, using clinicopathological risk factors only is not far from effective to evaluate the risk of disease progression in renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) patients. Molecular biomarkers might improve risk stratification of KIRC. DNA methylation occurs the whole process of tumor development and transcriptional disorders are also one of the important characteristics of tumor. Hence, this study aims to develop an effective and independent prognostic signature for KIRC patients by Integrating DNA methylation and gene expression. MAIN METHODS Difference analysis was conducted on DNA methylation sites and gene expression data. The Spearman's rank correlation and univariate Cox regression analysis were used to screen out the CpG sites that related with RNAs' expression and KIRC patients' overall survival. Then, a five-CpG-based prognostic classifier was established using LASSO Cox regression method. KEY FINDINGS The seven-CpG-based classifier can successfully divide KIRC patients into high-risk from low-risk groups, even after adjustment for standard clinical prognostic factors, such as age, stage, gender and grade. Moreover, the seven-CpG-based signature was more effective as independent prognostic factors than the combined model of these clinical factors. Six differential mRNA genes corresponding to the seven CpG sites are all related to human cancers by functional exploration. The gene functional and pathway enrichment analysis found that genes in immune-related pathways were remarkably different in high and low-risk groups. SIGNIFICANCE The new seven-CpG-based signature could helpfully provide insights into the underlying mechanism of KIRC and may be a powerful independent biomarker for predicting of the survival of KIRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xu
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jian He
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qihang Cai
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Menglong Li
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xuemei Pu
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yanzhi Guo
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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23
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Vos LJ, Yusuf D, Lui A, Abdelaziz Z, Ghosh S, Spratlin JL, Mackey JR. Predictive and Prognostic Properties of Human Equilibrative Nucleoside Transporter 1 Expression in Gemcitabine-Treated Pancreatobiliary Cancer: A Meta-Analysis. JCO Precis Oncol 2019; 3:1-22. [DOI: 10.1200/po.18.00240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Gemcitabine, the primary drug for the treatment of pancreatobiliary cancer (PBC), requires human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (hENT1) to enter cells. High tumoral hENT1 expression has been linked with improved survival among patients with PBC treated with gemcitabine; however, this finding has been inconsistent, and studies used different expression assays. Methods Databases were reviewed for studies that examined hENT1 and clinical outcome in PBC. Of 307 publications, 34 studies were found that used immunohistochemistry (IHC) with one of eight anti–hENT1 antibody assays. Five studies were excluded for redundancy, and 29 studies underwent detailed review. Results On average, 51% of tumor samples had high hENT1 expression (range, 7% to 92%). Among studies that examined hENT1 expression and overall survival (OS), 58% (15 of 26 studies) showed an association between high tumoral hENT1 and improved OS for gemcitabine-treated patients. Among 10D7G2 antibody studies, 88% (seven of eight studies) demonstrated this association. Studies with other antibodies—in particular, SP120 (two of nine studies)—were less consistent. The ability to detect an association between improved OS and high hENT1 was antibody dependent (χ2 P = .0237). An association between high tumoral hENT1 expression and improved disease-free/progression-free survival (DFS/PFS) was demonstrated in 71% of studies (15 of 21 studies). Pooled hazard ratio (HR) analyses of all antibody studies demonstrated a link between high hENT1 tumor expression and improved OS (HR, 0.674; 95% CI, 0.509 to 0.893; P = .006) and DFS/PFS (HR, 0.740; 95% CI, 0.517 to 0.1.059; P = .10). This signal was stronger among studies that used the 10D7G2 antibody in comparison to those in which another antibody was used, with HRs of 0.488 (95% CI, 0.396 to 0.602; P < .001) and 0.410 (95% CI, 0.280 to 0.599; P < .001), respectively. Conclusion High tumoral hENT1 expression on IHC with 10D7G2 is a strong and reproducible prognostic marker for improved outcome among gemcitabine-treated patients with PBC.
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Archibugi L, Testoni SGG, Redegalli M, Petrone MC, Reni M, Falconi M, Doglioni C, Capurso G, Arcidiacono PG. New era for pancreatic endoscopic ultrasound: From imaging to molecular pathology of pancreatic cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2019; 11:933-945. [PMID: 31798775 PMCID: PMC6883177 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v11.i11.933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
With recent advances in molecular pathology and the development of new chemotherapy regimens, the knowledge of the molecular alterations of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is becoming appealing for stratifying patients for prognosis and response to a defined treatment. Archival formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded samples are a useful source of genomic deoxyribonucleic acid; nevertheless, most studies employed formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded samples deriving from surgical specimens, which are therefore representative of <20% of PDAC patients. Indeed, the development of a reliable methodology for endoscopic ultrasound-guided tissue acquisition, stabilization, and analysis is crucial for the development of molecular markers for clinical use in order to achieve “personalized medicine”. With the development of new needles, this technique is able to retrieve a high quantity and quality of PDAC tissue that can be used not only for diagnosis but also for mutational and transcriptome evaluations and for the development of primary cell or tissue cultures. In the present editorial, we discuss the current knowledge regarding the use of endoscopic ultrasound as a tool to obtain samples for molecular analyses, its possible pitfalls, and its use for the development of disease models such as xenografts or organoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Archibugi
- Pancreato-Biliary Endoscopy and EUS Division, Pancreas Translational and Clinical Research Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Sabrina Gloria Giulia Testoni
- Pancreato-Biliary Endoscopy and EUS Division, Pancreas Translational and Clinical Research Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Miriam Redegalli
- Pathology Department, Pancreas Translational and Clinical Research Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Petrone
- Pancreato-Biliary Endoscopy and EUS Division, Pancreas Translational and Clinical Research Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Michele Reni
- Department of Medical Oncology, Pancreas Translational and Clinical Research Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Massimo Falconi
- Pancreatic Surgery Department, Pancreas Translational and Clinical Research Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Claudio Doglioni
- Pathology Department, Pancreas Translational and Clinical Research Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Gabriele Capurso
- Pancreato-Biliary Endoscopy and EUS Division, Pancreas Translational and Clinical Research Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Paolo Giorgio Arcidiacono
- Pancreato-Biliary Endoscopy and EUS Division, Pancreas Translational and Clinical Research Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy
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25
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Are ENT1/ENT1, NOTCH3, and miR-21 Reliable Prognostic Biomarkers in Patients with Resected Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Treated with Adjuvant Gemcitabine Monotherapy? Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11111621. [PMID: 31652721 PMCID: PMC6893654 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11111621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence on equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1) and microRNA-21 (miR‑21) is not yet sufficiently convincing to consider them as prognostic biomarkers for patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Here, we investigated the prognostic value of ENT1/ENT1, miR-21, and neurogenic locus homolog protein 3 gene (NOTCH3) in a well-defined cohort of resected patients treated with adjuvant gemcitabine chemotherapy (n = 69). Using a combination of gene expression quantification in microdissected tissue, immunohistochemistry, and univariate/multivariate statistical analyses we did not confirm association of ENT1/ENT1 and NOTCH3 with improved disease-specific survival (DSS). Low miR-21 was associated with longer DSS in patients with negative regional lymph nodes or primary tumor at stage 1 and 2. In addition, downregulation of ENT1 was observed in PDAC of patients with high ENT1 expression in normal pancreas, whereas NOTCH3 was upregulated in PDAC of patients with low NOTCH3 levels in normal pancreas. Tumor miR‑21 was upregulated irrespective of its expression in normal pancreas. Our data confirmed that patient stratification based on expression of ENT1/ENT1 or miR‑21 is not ready to be implemented into clinical decision-making processes. We also conclude that occurrence of ENT1 and NOTCH3 deregulation in PDAC is dependent on their expression in normal pancreas.
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Khetan K, Baloda V, Sahoo RK, Vishnubhathla S, Yadav R, Saraya A, Sharma A, Gupta SD, Das P. SPARC expression in desmoplastic and non desmoplastic pancreatic carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma. Pathol Res Pract 2019; 215:152685. [PMID: 31727501 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2019.152685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pancreatobiliary carcinomas are characterized by presence of desmoplastic stroma. Overexpression of secreted protein acid and rich in cysteine (SPARC), a matrix producing agent has been documented in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas, with survival benefits. This study was targeted to see if SPARC expression in pancreatobiliary carcinomas is responsible for stromal desmoplasia and its prognostic significance. METHODS In this retrospective study 48 cases of pancreatic cancer and 27 cases of cholangiocarcinoma were analyzed. The expression pattern of SPARC and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) (angiogenic factors) was evaluated by immunohistochemistry on formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissues. Immunoreactivity was scored semi quantitatively based on stain intensity and stain distribution. SPARC expression was correlated with tumor histology, stromal desmoplasia, VEGF expression, various histological parameters and overall survival in patients. Real time polymerase chain reaction was performed in few cases to validate the immunohistochemistry expression pattern. RESULTS SPARC expression was high in peritumoral stroma in pancreatic carcinoma than in pancreatic controls; however, SPARC expression pattern was not grossly different in desmoplastic and non-desmoplastic pancreatobiliary carcinomas and in cholangiocarcinomas. No definite correlation was noted between SPARC expression and histological markers of severity and overall survival data. CONCLUSIONS The relevance of SPARC expression in pancreato-biliary carcinomas though may still be important for therapeutic decision making, it is not responsible for peritumoral stromal desmoplasia in these tumors and it does not have any significant prognostic implication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khusbu Khetan
- Departments of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vandana Baloda
- Departments of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ranjit K Sahoo
- Departments of Medical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Rajni Yadav
- Departments of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Anoop Saraya
- Departments of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Atul Sharma
- Departments of Medical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Prasenjit Das
- Departments of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
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Luo Y, Shen D, Chen L, Wang G, Liu X, Qian K, Xiao Y, Wang X, Ju L. Identification of 9 key genes and small molecule drugs in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:6029-6052. [PMID: 31422942 PMCID: PMC6738436 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is a heterogeneous tumor that the underlying molecular mechanisms are largely unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the key candidate genes and pathways in ccRCC by integrated bioinformatics analysis. 1387 differentially expressed genes were identified based on three expression profile datasets, including 673 upregulated genes and 714 downregulated genes. Then we used weighted correlation network analysis to identify 6 modules associated with pathological stage and grade, blue module was the most relevant module. GO and KEGG pathway analyses showed that genes in blue module were enriched in cell cycle and metabolic related pathways. Further, 25 hub genes in blue module were identified as hub genes. Based on GEPIA database, 9 genes were associated with progression and prognosis of ccRCC patients, including PTTG1, RRM2, TOP2A, UHRF1, CEP55, BIRC5, UBE2C, FOXM1 and CDC20. Then multivariate Cox regression showed that the risk score base on 9 key genes signature was a clinically independent prognostic factor for ccRCC patients. Moreover, we screened out several new small molecule drugs that have the potential to treat ccRCC. Few of them were identified as biomarkers in ccRCC. In conclusion, our research identified 9 potential prognostic genes and several candidate small molecule drugs for ccRCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongwen Luo
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dexin Shen
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Human Genetics Resource Preservation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China.,Laboratory of Precision Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuefeng Liu
- Department of Pathology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical School, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - Kaiyu Qian
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Human Genetics Resource Preservation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Xiao
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Human Genetics Resource Preservation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China.,Laboratory of Precision Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinghuan Wang
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lingao Ju
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Human Genetics Resource Preservation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
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EZH2 cooperates with E2F1 to stimulate expression of genes involved in adrenocortical carcinoma aggressiveness. Br J Cancer 2019; 121:384-394. [PMID: 31363169 PMCID: PMC6738105 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-019-0538-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Background EZH2 is overexpressed and associated with poor prognosis in adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) and its inhibition reduces growth and aggressiveness of ACC cells in culture. Although EZH2 was identified as the methyltransferase that deposits the repressive H3K27me3 histone mark, it can cooperate with transcription factors to stimulate gene transcription. Methods We used bioinformatics approaches on gene expression data from three cohorts of patients and a mouse model of EZH2 ablation, to identify targets and mode of action of EZH2 in ACC. This was followed by ChIP and functional assays to evaluate contribution of identified targets to ACC pathogenesis. Results We show that EZH2 mostly works as a transcriptional inducer in ACC, through cooperation with the transcription factor E2F1 and identify three positive targets involved in cell cycle regulation and mitosis i.e., RRM2, PTTG1 and ASE1/PRC1. Overexpression of these genes is associated with poor prognosis, suggesting a potential role in acquisition of aggressive ACC features. Pharmacological and siRNA-mediated inhibition of RRM2 blocks cell proliferation, induces apoptosis and inhibits cell migration, suggesting that it may be an interesting target in ACC. Conclusions Altogether, these data show an unexpected role of EZH2 and E2F1 in stimulating expression of genes associated with ACC aggressiveness.
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MiR-20a-5p regulates gemcitabine chemosensitivity by targeting RRM2 in pancreatic cancer cells and serves as a predictor for gemcitabine-based chemotherapy. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20181374. [PMID: 30777929 PMCID: PMC6504660 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20181374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ribonucleotide reductase subunit M2 (RRM2) acts as an important gemcitabine resistance-related gene in pancreatic cancer (PC). Here, we aimed to investigate the potential microRNA that regulates gemcitabine chemosensitivity by targeting RRM2 and explores the clinical significance of candidate miRNA in PC. MTT assay and Western blot analysis revealed that long-time gemcitabine treatment in PC cells induced drug resistance and RRM2 increase, and silence of RRM2 blocked gemcitabine resistance. Among the predicted eight RRM2-related microRNAs, the expression of miR-20a-5p showed the most significant discrepancy between gemcitabine-resistant cells and parental cells. Furthermore, the Dual-Luciferase reporter gene assay indicated that miR-20a-5p directly targeted RRM2 3'UTR, thus inhibited expression of RRM2 and overcame gemcitabine resistance of PC cells. Retrospective study suggested that plasma miR-20a-5p level was correlated with gemcitabine resistance in PC patient. ROC curve showed that miR-20a-5p abundant level might predict gemcitabine resistance with an AUC of 89% (P<0.0001). Additionally, the PFS of patients with high and low expression levels miR-20a-5p was 2.8 and 4.5 months (P<0.001), respectively. Taken together, our results suggests that miR-20a-5p regulated gemcitabine chemosensitivity by targeting RRM2 in PC cells and could serve as a predictor for predicting the efficacy of gemcitabine-based chemotherapy in first-line treatment of PC patients.
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Wang T, Ding Y, Yang Y, Wang Z, Gao W, Li D, Wei J, Sun Y. Synergistic antitumour effects of triptolide plus 10-hydroxycamptothecin onbladder cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 115:108899. [PMID: 31063955 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hydroxycamptothecin (HCPT) is used as a clinical chemotherapy regimen to treat bladder cancer, but more efficacious novel combination treatments are needed. METHODS Cultured bladder cancer cell lines EJ and UMUC3 were treated with triptolide (TPL) and/or HCPT. A flow cytometry approach was used to detect cell cycle phase, apoptosis and reactive oxygen species. Western blotting was used to measure CDK4, CDK6, CyclinD1, catalase, Caspase8 and Bcl-xl protein levels in control, TPL treatment, HCPT treatment and TPL plus HCPT treatment bladder cancer cells. AKT pathway proteins, including AKT and p-AKT, were also detected by western blotting. UMUC3 cells treated with DMSO, HCPT, TPL and HCPT plus TPL were injected subcutaneously into mice (n = 3 per group). RESULTS The flow cytometry and western blot results indicated that compared to TPL or HCPT treatment alone, combination treatment of HCPT and TPL significantly induced cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase via suppressing CDK4, CDK6 and CyclinD1 in the EJ and UMUC3 bladder cancer cell lines. HCPT and TPL combination treatment also significantly increased the apoptosis rate and apoptosis-related protein levels (Caspase8 and Bcl-xl). Levels of the AKT pathway-related proteins AKT/p-AKT were significantly lower in EJ and UMUC3 cells treated with TPL and UMUC3 than in those cells treated with TPL or HCPT alone. TPL plus HCPT treatment significantly reduced bladder tumour sizes in vivo on the seventh and tenth days. CONCLUSIONS Compared to TPL or HCPT treatment alone, TPL plus HCPT combination treatment had significantly better anticancer effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianen Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affilited Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zheng Zhou City, Henan province, PR China.
| | - Yi Ding
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an City, Shaanxi, PR China.
| | - Yanfeng Yang
- Department of Urology, The First Affilited Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zheng Zhou City, Henan province, PR China
| | - Zhiyong Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affilited Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zheng Zhou City, Henan province, PR China
| | - Wansheng Gao
- Department of Urology, The First Affilited Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zheng Zhou City, Henan province, PR China
| | - Dongsheng Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affilited Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zheng Zhou City, Henan province, PR China
| | - Jinxing Wei
- Department of Urology, The First Affilited Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zheng Zhou City, Henan province, PR China
| | - Ya Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zheng Zhou City, Henan province, PR China.
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Zou Y, Li W, Zhou J, Zhang J, Huang Y, Wang Z. ERK Inhibitor Enhances Everolimus Efficacy through the Attenuation of dNTP Pools in Renal Cell Carcinoma. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2019; 14:550-561. [PMID: 30771617 PMCID: PMC6374702 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The clinical efficiency of everolimus, an mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor, is palliative as sequential or second-line therapy for renal cell carcinoma (RCC). However, the limited response of everolimus in RCC remains uncertain. In the present study, everolimus-resistant RCC models were established to understand the mechanisms and to seek combination approaches. Consequently, the activation of ERK was found to contribute toward everolimus-acquired resistance and poor prognosis in patients with RCC. In addition, the efficacy and mechanism of combination treatment underlying RCC using everolimus and ERK inhibitors was investigated. The ERK inhibitor in combination with everolimus synergistically inhibited the proliferation of RCC cells by arresting the cell cycle in the G1 phase. The combination treatment markedly attenuated the deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate (dNTP) pools by downregulating the mRNA expression of RRM1 and RRM2 through E2F1. The overexpression of E2F1 or supplementation of dNTP rescued the anti-proliferation activity of the everolimus-SCH772984 combination. The antitumor efficacy of combination therapy was reiterated in RCC xenograft models. Thus, the current findings provided evidence that the everolimus-ERK inhibitor combination is a preclinical therapeutic strategy for RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zou
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Wenzhi Li
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Juan Zhou
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Yiran Huang
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China.
| | - Zhong Wang
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200011, China.
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Yang Y, Zhang LJ, Bai XG, Xu HJ, Jin ZL, Ding M. Synergistic antitumour effects of triptolide plus gemcitabine in bladder cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 106:1307-1316. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.07.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
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Kawano M, Kaino S, Amano S, Shinoda S, Suenaga S, Sen-Yo M, Sakaida I. Heat Shock Protein 27 Expression in EUS-FNA Samples Can Predict Gemcitabine Sensitivity in Pancreatic Cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 32:637-642. [PMID: 29695571 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Gemcitabine (GEM) sensitivity can help select the appropriate treatment for pancreatic cancer. We examined the association between HSP27 expression and GEM sensitivity. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 19 patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer who underwent endoscopic ultrasonography-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) were enrolled and treated with GEM alone. We measured the expression of heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) and phosphorylated HSP27(p-HSP27) in EUS-FNA samples and evaluated the effects of GEM treatment. RESULTS The rate of GEM resistance was significantly higher in patients who showed overexpression of p-HSP27 (p<0.05). When we set the cut-off p-HSP27 (Ser82) detection rate at 51.6%, the group with a detection rate of >51.6% showed a significantly lower survival rate, and GEM was administered for a shorter period of time (p<0.05). CONCLUSION It was suggested that the HSP27 expression in EUS-FNA samples was useful for predicting GEM sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michitaka Kawano
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Seiji Kaino
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Shogo Amano
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Shuhei Shinoda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Suenaga
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Manabu Sen-Yo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Isao Sakaida
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi, Japan
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KAWANO MICHITAKA, KAINO SEIJI, AMANO SHOGO, SHINODA SHUHEI, SHIGEYUKI SUENAGA, SEN-YO MANABU, SAKAIDA ISAO. Heat Shock Protein 27 Expression in EUS-FNA Samples Can Predict Gemcitabine Sensitivity in Pancreatic Cancer. In Vivo 2018; 32. [PMID: 29695571 PMCID: PMC6000801 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.112286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Gemcitabine (GEM) sensitivity can help select the appropriate treatment for pancreatic cancer. We examined the association between HSP27 expression and GEM sensitivity. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 19 patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer who underwent endoscopic ultrasonography-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) were enrolled and treated with GEM alone. We measured the expression of heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) and phosphorylated HSP27(p-HSP27) in EUS-FNA samples and evaluated the effects of GEM treatment. RESULTS The rate of GEM resistance was significantly higher in patients who showed overexpression of p-HSP27 (p<0.05). When we set the cut-off p-HSP27 (Ser82) detection rate at 51.6%, the group with a detection rate of >51.6% showed a significantly lower survival rate, and GEM was administered for a shorter period of time (p<0.05). CONCLUSION It was suggested that the HSP27 expression in EUS-FNA samples was useful for predicting GEM sensitivity.
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Buj R, Aird KM. Deoxyribonucleotide Triphosphate Metabolism in Cancer and Metabolic Disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:177. [PMID: 29720963 PMCID: PMC5915462 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The maintenance of a healthy deoxyribonucleotide triphosphate (dNTP) pool is critical for the proper replication and repair of both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA. Temporal, spatial, and ratio imbalances of the four dNTPs have been shown to have a mutagenic and cytotoxic effect. It is, therefore, essential for cell homeostasis to maintain the balance between the processes of dNTP biosynthesis and degradation. Multiple oncogenic signaling pathways, such as c-Myc, p53, and mTORC1 feed into dNTP metabolism, and there is a clear role for dNTP imbalances in cancer initiation and progression. Additionally, multiple chemotherapeutics target these pathways to inhibit nucleotide synthesis. Less is understood about the role for dNTP levels in metabolic disorders and syndromes and whether alterations in dNTP levels change cancer incidence in these patients. For instance, while deficiencies in some metabolic pathways known to play a role in nucleotide synthesis are pro-tumorigenic (e.g., p53 mutations), others confer an advantage against the onset of cancer (G6PD). More recent evidence indicates that there are changes in nucleotide metabolism in diabetes, obesity, and insulin resistance; however, whether these changes play a mechanistic role is unclear. In this review, we will address the complex network of metabolic pathways, whereby cells can fuel dNTP biosynthesis and catabolism in cancer, and we will discuss the potential role for this pathway in metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katherine M. Aird
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
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Functional Characterization of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Equilibrative Nucleoside Transporter 1 (ScENT1). Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23040732. [PMID: 29565807 PMCID: PMC6017673 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23040732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Equilibrative nucleoside transporters (ENTs) are polytopic membrane transporters responsible for the translocation of nucleosides, nucleobases—to a lesser extent—and nucleoside analog therapeutics across cellular membranes. ENTs function in a diffusion controlled bidirectional manner and are thought to utilize an alternating access transport mechanism. However, a detailed understanding of ENT function at the molecular level has remained elusive. ScENT1 (formerly known as Function Unknown Now 26 or FUN26) is the only known ENT ortholog endogenously expressed in S. cerevisiae, and a proteoliposome assay system was used to study homogenously overexpressed and purified ScENT1 (wildtype relative to L390A and F249I mutants). L390 and F249 are highly conserved residues and were found to alter transporter function. L390A produced a reduction of mean transport activity while F249I increased mean substrate translocation relative to wildtype protein. However, both mutations resulted in transport of UTP—a novel gain of function for any ENT. These residues were then mapped onto an ab initio model of FUN26 which suggests they function in substrate translocation (L390) or cytoplasmic gating (F249). Furthermore, wildtype, L390A, and F249I were found to be sensitive to the presence of alcohols. Ethanol attenuated ScENT1-mediated transport of uridine by ~50%. These findings further demonstrate functional similarities between ScENT1 and human ENT isoforms and support identification of FUN26 as ScENT1, the first ENT isoform in S. cerevisiae.
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Zhao X, Wang X, Sun W, Cheng K, Qin H, Han X, Lin Y, Wang Y, Lang J, Zhao R, Zheng X, Zhao Y, shi J, Hao J, Miao QR, Nie G, Ren H. Precision design of nanomedicines to restore gemcitabine chemosensitivity for personalized pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma treatment. Biomaterials 2018; 158:44-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Kandel P, Wallace MB. Advanced EUS Guided Tissue Acquisition Methods for Pancreatic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10020054. [PMID: 29463004 PMCID: PMC5836086 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10020054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreas cancer is a lethal cancer as the majority patients are diagnosed at an advanced incurable stage. Despite improvements in diagnostic modalities and management strategies, including surgery and chemotherapies, the outcome of pancreas cancer remains poor. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) is an important imaging tool for pancreas cancer. For decades, resected pancreas cancer and other cancer specimens have been used to identify tissue biomarkers or genomics for precision therapy; however, only 20% of patients undergo surgery, and thus, this framework is not useful for unresectable pancreas cancer. With advancements in needle technologies, tumor specimens can be obtained at the time of tissue diagnosis. Tumor tissue can be used for development of personalized cancer treatment, such as performing whole exome sequencing and global genomic profiling of pancreas cancer, development of tissue biomarkers, and targeted mutational assays for precise chemotherapy treatment. In this review, we discuss the recent advances in tissue acquisition of pancreas cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pujan Kandel
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Mayo Clinic Florida, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA.
| | - Michael B Wallace
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Mayo Clinic Florida, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA.
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Tatarian T, Jiang W, Leiby BE, Grigoli A, Jimbo M, Dabbish N, Neoptolemos JP, Greenhalf W, Costello E, Ghaneh P, Halloran C, Palmer D, Buchler M, Yeo CJ, Winter JM, Brody JR. Cytoplasmic HuR Status Predicts Disease-free Survival in Resected Pancreatic Cancer: A Post-hoc Analysis From the International Phase III ESPAC-3 Clinical Trial. Ann Surg 2018; 267:364-369. [PMID: 27893535 PMCID: PMC6815674 DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000002088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We tested cytoplasmic HuR (cHuR) as a predictive marker for response to chemotherapy by examining tumor samples from the international European Study Group of Pancreatic Cancer-3 trial, in which patients with resected pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) received either gemcitabine (GEM) or 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) adjuvant monotherapy. BACKGROUND Previous studies have implicated the mRNA-binding protein, HuR (ELAVL1), as a predictive marker for PDA treatment response in the adjuvant setting. These studies were, however, based on small cohorts of patients outside of a clinical trial, or a clinical trial in which patients received multimodality therapy with concomitant radiation. METHODS Tissue samples from 379 patients with PDA enrolled in the European Study Group of Pancreatic Cancer-3 trial were immunolabeled with an anti-HuR antibody and scored for cHuR expression. Patients were dichotomized into groups of high versus low cHuR expression. RESULTS There was no association between cHuR expression and prognosis in the overall cohort [disease-free survival (DFS), P = 0.44; overall survival, P = 0.41). Median DFS for patients with high cHuR was significantly greater for patients treated with 5-FU compared to GEM [20.1 months, confidence interval (CI): 8.3-36.4 vs 10.9 months, CI: 7.5-14.2; P = 0.04]. Median DFS was similar between the treatment arms in patients with low cHuR (5-FU, 12.8 months, CI: 10.6-14.6 vs GEM, 12.9 months, CI: 11.2-15.4). CONCLUSIONS Patients with high cHuR-expressing tumors may benefit from 5-FU-based adjuvant therapy as compared to GEM, whereas those patients with low cHuR appear to have no survival advantage with GEM compared with 5-FU. Further studies are needed to validate HuR as a biomarker in both future monotherapy and multiagent regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talar Tatarian
- Jefferson Pancreas, Biliary, and Related Cancer Center, Department of Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Benjamin E. Leiby
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Amanda Grigoli
- Jefferson Pancreas, Biliary, and Related Cancer Center, Department of Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Masaya Jimbo
- Jefferson Pancreas, Biliary, and Related Cancer Center, Department of Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Nooreen Dabbish
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - John P. Neoptolemos
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Cancer Research UK Liverpool Cancer Trials Unit, Liverpool, UK
| | - William Greenhalf
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Cancer Research UK Liverpool Cancer Trials Unit, Liverpool, UK
| | - Eithne Costello
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Cancer Research UK Liverpool Cancer Trials Unit, Liverpool, UK
| | - Paula Ghaneh
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Cancer Research UK Liverpool Cancer Trials Unit, Liverpool, UK
| | - Christopher Halloran
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Cancer Research UK Liverpool Cancer Trials Unit, Liverpool, UK
| | - Daniel Palmer
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Cancer Research UK Liverpool Cancer Trials Unit, Liverpool, UK
| | - Markus Buchler
- Department of Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Charles J. Yeo
- Jefferson Pancreas, Biliary, and Related Cancer Center, Department of Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jordan M. Winter
- Jefferson Pancreas, Biliary, and Related Cancer Center, Department of Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jonathan R. Brody
- Jefferson Pancreas, Biliary, and Related Cancer Center, Department of Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
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Chen Z, Zheng Y, Shi Y, Cui Z. Overcoming tumor cell chemoresistance using nanoparticles: lysosomes are beneficial for (stearoyl) gemcitabine-incorporated solid lipid nanoparticles. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:319-336. [PMID: 29391792 PMCID: PMC5768424 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s149196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advances in targeted therapies and immunotherapies, chemotherapy using cytotoxic agents remains an indispensable modality in cancer treatment. Recently, there has been a growing emphasis in using nanomedicine in cancer chemotherapy, and several nanomedicines have already been used clinically to treat cancers. There is evidence that formulating small molecular cancer chemotherapeutic agents into nanomedicines significantly modifies their pharmacokinetics and often improves their efficacy. Importantly, cancer cells often develop resistance to chemotherapy, and formulating anticancer drugs into nanomedicines also helps overcome chemoresistance. In this review, we briefly describe the different classes of cancer chemotherapeutic agents, their mechanisms of action and resistance, and evidence of overcoming the resistance using nanomedicines. We then emphasize on gemcitabine and our experience in discovering the unique (stearoyl) gemcitabine solid lipid nanoparticles that are effective against tumor cells resistant to gemcitabine and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. It seems that lysosomes, which are an obstacle in the delivery of many drugs, are actually beneficial for our (stearoyl) gemcitabine solid lipid nanoparticles to overcome tumor cell resistance to gemcitabine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Chen
- Inner Mongolia Key Lab of Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Yuanqiang Zheng
- Inner Mongolia Key Lab of Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Yanchun Shi
- Inner Mongolia Key Lab of Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Zhengrong Cui
- Inner Mongolia Key Lab of Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China.,Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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41
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Han QL, Zhou YH, Lyu Y, Yan H, Dai GH. Effect of ribonucleotide reductase M1 expression on overall survival in patients with pancreatic cancer receiving gemcitabine chemotherapy: A literature-based meta-analysis. J Clin Pharm Ther 2017; 43:163-169. [PMID: 29214667 DOI: 10.1111/jcpt.12655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE The prognostic value of ribonucleotide reductase M1 (RRM1) in patients with pancreatic cancer receiving gemcitabine chemotherapy has been evaluated in several studies. However, the conclusions remain controversial. METHODS By searching the PubMed and Embase databases, we conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the prognostic significance of RRM1 expression in patients with pancreatic cancer receiving gemcitabine chemotherapy. Studies were pooled, and the hazard ratio (HR) and its corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated. RESULTS Nine relevant articles were included for this meta-analysis study. Our results revealed that the high-RRM1 expression patients had significantly poorer overall survival (HR = 1.70, 95% CI = 1.33-2.16, Pheterogeneity = .061, I2 = 44.8%) and disease-free survival (HR = 1.84, 95% CI = 1.56-2.18, Pheterogeneity = .669, I2 = 0%) than the low-RRM1 expression patients. Furthermore, a statistically significant association between RRM1 expression and OS was found among both Japanese (HR = 1.80, 95% CI = 1.36-2.37, Pheterogeneity = .843, I2 = 0%) and American patients (HR = 1.76, 95% CI = 1.60-1.94, Pheterogeneity = .439, I2 = 0%). WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION In conclusion, the expression of RRM1 can be considered a predictor of poor survival in patients with pancreatic cancer receiving gemcitabine chemotherapy. RRM1 expression assessment could provide more detailed information for patients with pancreatic cancer and could be used to optimize therapeutic schemes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q L Han
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital & Chinese PLA Medical Academy, Beijing, China
| | - Y H Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital & Chinese PLA Medical Academy, Beijing, China
| | - Y Lyu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital & Chinese PLA Medical Academy, Beijing, China
| | - H Yan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital & Chinese PLA Medical Academy, Beijing, China
| | - G H Dai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital & Chinese PLA Medical Academy, Beijing, China
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Bowlt Blacklock KL, Ireland J, Stewart J, Murphy S, Blackwood L, Starkey M. A preliminary investigation of the effect of sample collection technique on the cell and RNA content of fine-needle aspirates of five canine tumours. J Small Anim Pract 2017; 59:211-221. [PMID: 29193082 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effect of syringe size, needle size, number of needle passes and operator experience on cell yield from tumour fine-needle aspirates, and the quantity and quality of extractable RNA. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fine-needle aspirates were collected from canine lymphoma, cutaneous mast cell tumour, anal gland adenocarcinoma, fibrosarcoma and oral malignant melanoma using nine different techniques. RESULTS There was a significant difference in cell yield between fine-needle aspirate techniques for melanoma, lymphoma and anal gland adenocarcinoma. The application of suction yielded the largest number of cells. Cell numbers in lymphoma and fibrosarcoma aspirates collected by different veterinary surgeons were not significantly different. Use of a smaller gauge needle and suction increased the quantity of RNA isolated from fibrosarcoma and anal gland adenocarcinoma aspirates, but did not influence RNA integrity. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Suction during fine-needle aspiration increases cell numbers obtained from five common canine tumours. Suction increases the quantity of RNA isolated from anal gland adenocarcinoma and fibrosarcoma aspirates without affecting RNA quality. Junior veterinary surgeons gain comparable cell numbers to senior staff.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J Ireland
- Department of Epidemiology, Animal Health Trust, Newmarket, Suffolk, CB7 5UU, UK
| | - J Stewart
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Animal Health Trust, Newmarket, Suffolk, CB7 5UU, UK
| | - S Murphy
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Animal Health Trust, Newmarket, Suffolk, CB7 5UU, UK
| | - L Blackwood
- School of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Neston, Cheshire West and Chester, CH64 7TE, UK
| | - M Starkey
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Animal Health Trust, Newmarket, Suffolk, CB7 5UU, UK
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Amrutkar M, Gladhaug IP. Pancreatic Cancer Chemoresistance to Gemcitabine. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:E157. [PMID: 29144412 PMCID: PMC5704175 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9110157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), commonly referred to as pancreatic cancer, ranks among the leading causes of cancer-related deaths in the Western world due to disease presentation at an advanced stage, early metastasis and generally a very limited response to chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Gemcitabine remains a cornerstone of PDAC treatment in all stages of the disease despite suboptimal clinical effects primarily caused by molecular mechanisms limiting its cellular uptake and activation and overall efficacy, as well as the development of chemoresistance within weeks of treatment initiation. To circumvent gemcitabine resistance in PDAC, several novel therapeutic approaches, including chemical modifications of the gemcitabine molecule generating numerous new prodrugs, as well as new entrapment designs of gemcitabine in colloidal systems such as nanoparticles and liposomes, are currently being investigated. Many of these approaches are reported to be more efficient than the parent gemcitabine molecule when tested in cellular systems and in vivo in murine tumor model systems; however, although promising, their translation to clinical use is still in a very early phase. This review discusses gemcitabine metabolism, activation and chemoresistance entities in the gemcitabine cytotoxicity pathway and provides an overview of approaches to override chemoresistance in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Amrutkar
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, PO Box 1057 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, PO Box 1171 Blindern, 0318 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Ivar P Gladhaug
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, PO Box 1171 Blindern, 0318 Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, PO Box 4950 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway.
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Hesler RA, Huang JJ, Starr MD, Treboschi VM, Bernanke AG, Nixon AB, McCall SJ, White RR, Blobe GC. TGF-β-induced stromal CYR61 promotes resistance to gemcitabine in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma through downregulation of the nucleoside transporters hENT1 and hCNT3. Carcinogenesis 2017; 37:1041-1051. [PMID: 27604902 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgw093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a lethal cancer in part due to inherent resistance to chemotherapy, including the first-line drug gemcitabine. Although low expression of the nucleoside transporters hENT1 and hCNT3 that mediate cellular uptake of gemcitabine has been linked to gemcitabine resistance, the mechanisms regulating their expression in the PDAC tumor microenvironment are largely unknown. Here, we report that the matricellular protein cysteine-rich angiogenic inducer 61 (CYR61) negatively regulates the nucleoside transporters hENT1 and hCNT3. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of CYR61 increased expression of hENT1 and hCNT3, increased cellular uptake of gemcitabine and sensitized PDAC cells to gemcitabine-induced apoptosis. In PDAC patient samples, expression of hENT1 and hCNT3 negatively correlates with expression of CYR61 . We demonstrate that stromal pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) are a source of CYR61 within the PDAC tumor microenvironment. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) induces the expression of CYR61 in PSCs through canonical TGF-β-ALK5-Smad2/3 signaling. Activation of TGF-β signaling or expression of CYR61 in PSCs promotes resistance to gemcitabine in PDAC cells in an in vitro co-culture assay. Our results identify CYR61 as a TGF-β-induced stromal-derived factor that regulates gemcitabine sensitivity in PDAC and suggest that targeting CYR61 may improve chemotherapy response in PDAC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mark D Starr
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine
| | | | | | | | | | - Rebekah R White
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, B354 LSRC Research Drive , Box 91004, Durham, NC 27708 , USA
| | - Gerard C Blobe
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology.,Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine
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MiR-608 regulating the expression of ribonucleotide reductase M1 and cytidine deaminase is repressed through induced gemcitabine chemoresistance in pancreatic cancer cells. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2017; 80:765-775. [PMID: 28887583 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-017-3418-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Gemcitabine resistance is the main problem in pancreatic adenocarcinoma patients. Hence, we aimed to identify the correlation between expression of RRM1 and CDA as the resistance genes and their predicted targeting miR-608 in the resistant pancreatic cancer cell lines to gemcitabine. METHODS Dual luciferase assay was performed to determine whether both RRM1 and CDA are targeted by miR-608 in 293T and pancreatic cancer cell lines. AsPC-1 and MIA PaCa-2 cell lines became gradually resistant to gemcitabine by exposing to the increasing doses of gemcitabine. After RNA and miRNAs extraction and cDNA conversion, the expressions of RRM1, CDA and miR-608 in all cell lines were studied by quantitative PCR. Pre-miR-608 transfection to the cell lines was done by calcium phosphate method. MTT assay was performed for analyzing the chemo sensitivity of different cell lines to gemcitabine. RESULTS Luciferase assays showed that miR-608 targeted RRM1 and CDA genes in 293T, AsPC-1 and MIA PaCa-2 cell lines. Compared to parental cell line, resistant MIA PaCa-2 and AsPC-1 cells demonstrated increased expression of RRM1 and CDA. On the other hand the expression of miR-608 in resistant MIA PaCa-2 and AsPC-1 cells was lower than parental cells. Furthermore, transfection of MIA PaCa-2 and AsPC-1 cells by miR-608 lead to decreased expression of RRM1 and CDA and lowered viability of the cells in comparison with scrambled microRNA transfected cells. CONCLUSION During resistance induction in pancreatic cancer cells, miR-608 which is targeting RRM1 and CDA is downregulated which leads to upregulation of these genes.
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Ooi M, Phan A, Nguyen NQ. Future role of endoscopic ultrasound in personalized management of pancreatic cancer. Endosc Ultrasound 2017; 6:300-307. [PMID: 29063873 PMCID: PMC5664850 DOI: 10.4103/eus.eus_84_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is aggressive and lethal with the majority of cases presenting with advanced unresectable disease due to delayed diagnosis. Despite improvement in surgery, chemotherapies, and intensive care medicine, the outcome of PDAC remains poor, which may relate to the tumor biology. Recent data suggest that PDAC is a "systemic cancer" with complex molecular or genomics derangement with marked heterogeneity. The ability to characterize the PDAC better by detailed evaluation of tissue biomarkers or genomics allows for improved prediction of prognosis and stratification of treatment, a concept known as "personalized cancer therapy." Using tissue from resected PDAC specimens has several weaknesses and is only possible in 20% of patients with PDAC. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided biopsy overcomes these weaknesses, and with recent advancements in needle technology, tissue can be obtained for personalized cancer therapy for all patients with PDAC. This review aims to outline our current understanding of the molecular biology of PDAC specifically focusing on how EUS-guided biopsy may play a fundamental role in tissue acquisition, allowing for assessment and stratify therapy according to the individual cancer biology as we move toward the era of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Ooi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
| | - An Phan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
- Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Nam Q. Nguyen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
- Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
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Xia G, Wang H, Song Z, Meng Q, Huang X, Huang X. Gambogic acid sensitizes gemcitabine efficacy in pancreatic cancer by reducing the expression of ribonucleotide reductase subunit-M2 (RRM2). JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2017; 36:107. [PMID: 28797284 PMCID: PMC5553806 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-017-0579-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Pancreatic cancer is susceptible to gemcitabine resistance, and patients receive less benefit from gemcitabine chemotherapy. Previous studies report that gambogic acid possesses antineoplastic properties; however, to our knowledge, there have been no specific studies on its effects in pancreatic cancer. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore whether increases the sensitivity of pancreatic cancer to gemcitabine, and determine the synergistic effects of gambogic acid and gemcitabine against pancreatic cancer. Methods The effects of gambogic acid on cell viability, the cell cycle, and apoptosis were assessed using 4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-3,5-diphenylformazan (MTT) and flow cytometry in pancreatic cancer cell lines. Protein expression was detected by western blot analysis and mRNA expression was detected using q-PCR. A xenograft tumor model of pancreatic cancer was used to investigate the synergistic effects of gambogic acid and gemcitabine. Results Gambogic acid effectively inhibited the growth of pancreatic cancer cell lines by inducing S-phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Synergistic activity of gambogic acid combined with gemcitabine was observed in PANC-1 and BxPC-3 cells based on the results of MTT, colony formation, and apoptosis assays. Western blot results demonstrated that gambogic acid sensitized gemcitabine-induced apoptosis by enhancing the expression of cleaved caspase-3, cleaved caspase-9, cleaved-PARP, and Bax, and reducing the expression of Bcl-2. In particular, gambogic acid reduced the expression of the ribonucleotide reductase subunit-M2 (RRM2) protein and mRNA, a trend that correlated with resistance to gemcitabine through inhibition of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)/E2F1 signaling pathway. Treatment with gambogic acid and gemcitabine significantly repressed tumor growth in the xenograft pancreatic cancer model. Immunohistochemistry results demonstrated a downregulation of p-ERK, E2F1, and RRM2 in mice receiving gambogic acid treatment and combination treatment. Conclusions These results demonstrate that gambogic acid sensitizes pancreatic cancer cells to gemcitabine in vitro and in vivo by inhibiting the activation of the ERK/E2F1/RRM2 signaling pathway. The results also indicate that gambogic acid treatment combined with gemcitabine might be a promising chemotherapy strategy for pancreatic cancer. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13046-017-0579-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanggai Xia
- Department of general surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Rd, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongcheng Wang
- Department of general surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Rd, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziliang Song
- Department of general surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Rd, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingcai Meng
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong-An Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuyan Huang
- Department of general surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Rd, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xinyu Huang
- Department of general surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Rd, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China.
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Loosen SH, Neumann UP, Trautwein C, Roderburg C, Luedde T. Current and future biomarkers for pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317692231. [DOI: 10.1177/1010428317692231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sven H Loosen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Diseases and Intensive Care Medicine (Department of Medicine III), Division of GI Oncology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ulf P Neumann
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christian Trautwein
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Diseases and Intensive Care Medicine (Department of Medicine III), Division of GI Oncology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christoph Roderburg
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Diseases and Intensive Care Medicine (Department of Medicine III), Division of GI Oncology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tom Luedde
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Diseases and Intensive Care Medicine (Department of Medicine III), Division of GI Oncology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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Mosse I, Kilchevsky A, Nikolova N, Zhelev N. Some problems and errors in cytogenetic biodosimetry. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2016.1259018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Irma Mosse
- National Academy of Sciences, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Alexander Kilchevsky
- National Academy of Sciences, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Nevena Nikolova
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - Nikolai Zhelev
- Centre for Molecular Cellular Biosensor Research (CMCBR), School of Science, Engineering and Technology, Abertay University, Dundee, Scotland, UK
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Prognostic Implications of Expression Profiling for Gemcitabine-Related Genes (hENT1, dCK, RRM1, RRM2) in Patients With Resectable Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Receiving Adjuvant Chemotherapy. Pancreas 2017; 46:684-689. [PMID: 28196013 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000000807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to examine the relevance of expression profiling of 4 genes involved in the action of gemcitabine among patients with pancreatic ductal-cell adenocarcinoma (PDAC). METHODS A group of 100 patients who underwent pancreatic resections for PDAC and received adjuvant chemotherapy with gemcitabine between 2007 and 2010 was identified. Expression of mRNAs for human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (hENT1), ribonucleotide reductase subunits (RRM1, RRM2), and deoxycytidine kinase (dCK) was examined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, normalized to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), and dichotomized into groups of low and moderate/high expression levels grouped by tertiles. RESULTS Significantly better median survival times were found for high/moderate expression levels of hENT1 (27.9 vs 12.4 months, P = 0.001) and dCK (19.7 vs 10.5 months, P = 0.003), as well as low expression of RRM1 (23.4 vs 11.4 months, P = 0.027). A Cox proportional hazards model identified low expression of hENT1 (hazard ratio [HR], 3.38; 95% confidence intervals [CI], 2.28-10.50) and dCK (HR, 2.24; 95% CI, 1.63-3.39), and high/moderate levels of RRM1 (HR, 1.65; 95% CI, 1.23-2.45) as negative prognostic factors. CONCLUSIONS Expression of hENT, RRM1, and dCK genes provides important prognostic information for PDAC patients treated with adjuvant gemcitabine.
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